text:
Futurama (video game)
Futurama | |||||
Written by | J. Stewart Burns | ||||
Directed by | David X. Cohen | ||||
Developed by | UDS | ||||
Release date(s) | (EU) 1 August, 2003 (US) 14 August, 2003 | ||||
Platform(s) | Xbox, PlayStation 2, GameCube (Cancelled except in Europe) | ||||
Genre(s) | Action/Platformer | ||||
Mode(s) | Single Player | ||||
Estimated playtime | 10 hours | ||||
Rating(s) | PEGI:12+ OLFC:G8+ | ||||
External links | |||||
Official website | |||||
IMDb profile | |||||
Additional | |||||
Futurama is the name of the first video game created around Futurama. The game was developed by UDS and released 1 August, 2003 in Europe and 14 August, 2003 in North America for the Xbox and PlayStation 2. Since it uses the same name as the show without a subtitle, it is commonly referred to as the console game (since the announcement of the mobile game). In the UK the game was actively marketed on television as "Futurama: The Game" in advertisements on satellite network Sky One.
The Story
Act I: Fry
At Planet Express, Fry, Leela and Bender learn from the Professor (who's wearing a sombrero) that he's sold Planet Express to Mom. Immediately after this, a report comes on the news saying that, thanks to the sale, she is now the majority shareholder, and ruler, of Earth. Mom claims the entire population as slaves and sets a curfew. The crew decide they have no choice but to escape Earth. Unfortunately the ship is severely damaged, with unknown reason, and needs repairs. While everyone else does something important, Fry is instructed to find a hammer. Fry dies getting the hammer but is brought back with the Professor's new invention, the Reanimator (which looks like a giant toaster).
Fry keeps the hammer (for a weapon), which the Professor didn't need, and heads off to find the tools that are needed. After the repairs are done, it turns out that the backup dark matter engine is needed, but was pawned. Fry is told to retrieve the engine from the pawn shop but Mom has deployed Hoverbot Death Troopers to enforce the curfew. Instead, Fry is given a small gun and sent via the sewers then works his way through Old New York. He emerges from underground in a Red Light District, where he finds a gun with much more fire power to fight off any attacking Death Troopers. When he reaches uptown New New York, he steals a chicken walker to fight off the Death Troopers and finally makes it to Rook Takes Pawnshop.
- Fry's gameplay levels:
Act II: Bender
Fry returns with the engine and they install it, the four escape, taking the Reanimator with them. Mom converts the planet into a spaceship in order to take over the universe and is annoyed to hear that the Planet Express crew is escaping. She then proceeds to try to hunt them down, but the Earth's engines aren't powerful enough. At Sal and Son's junkard on an asteroid, Sal informs them that the only kind of engine that will move the Earth is a dark matter engine ("and a big ones at thats"), and she'll need the Professor to get it. The Professor informs Bender that he's now a playable character and the ship gets caught. Sal has helped out Mom by trapping the Planet Express ship in a suck beam. Bender abandons ship, in full view of Mom and her sons, then dies on impact with the asteroid and is brought back by the Reanimator, which falls on his disassembled body. He then agrees to rescue the others in exchange for a box of magazines with fembot centre folds.
On his way to rescue the crew, Bender works his way through a canyon and has to evade Igner in a turret. He then enters a cave where he is chased by a boulder and finds a mining facility. In the facility, Larry tries to kill him with machinery. After finally reaching Sal's junkyard, he battles against Walt, who's in a tank. After the tank explodes (although Walt was able to escape), Bender deactivates the suck beam, boards the Planet Express ship, and everyone escapes.
- Bender's gameplay levels:
- Weasel Canyon
- Run, Bender, Run
- The Mine Facility
- Red Rock Creek
- The Junkyard
- Rumble in the Junkyard
Act III: Leela
The Professor says that he's not skilled enough to invent something to save the day; they'll have to visit his mentor and former graduate advisor Adoy, who lives on Bogad in the furthest corner of the universe. They don't have enough fuel, so Leela, who's now playable, is asked to get some. Mom catches them because she wants blueprints for the dark matter engine. They only exist in the Professor's head so she takes that, in a jar, and sends the Planet Express ship hurtling towards the Sun. The ship crash-lands near Sun City. Ra-Ra the Sun King offers them dark matter in exchange for protecting his people from the murderous Sun God and his army of undead skeletons. Fry and Bender wait at the ship.
Leela works her way through the Sun Temple, solving puzzles and beating up the bone army. She activates a number of crystals to gain access to the inner temple where she finds the Sun God. By activating another set of crystals, she severely injures the Sun God. He admits to not being a god but an "ordinary eternal omniscient super intelligent being" and explains that the skeleton army was actually just robots made out of bones. He describes how making robots from bones is more evil, then laughs so hard he falls into the Sun's molten surface and dies. Leela escapes the sinking temple. With the false god's death, villagers are now safe to exit buildings while Leela returns to the ship. Ra-Ra rewards them with fuel and asks them to celebrate with him at the temple, which burns up in the background. The crew leave before he can notice.
- Leela's gameplay levels:
- Market Square
- Left Wing
- Right Wing
- Temple Courtyard
- Inner Temple
Act IV: Zoidberg
Mom has hooked the Professor's head into the Earth's engines where he admits that she is now unstoppable. She starts flying the Earth around the universe destroying other planets. The crew land on Bogad, quite literally in the corner of the universe. They meet up with Dr. Zoidberg, who is making a cameo. He misidentifies a nearby animal as a horse and gets on. The crew talk to Adoy, who tells them that his latest invention, the Time Tunneller, will get them back to before Mom became unstoppable. The machine has to be charged first by a generator located behind a dangerous swamp. Without charging, the hand crank on the machine will only turn the universe back two minutes, if turned for two minutes.
Zoidberg is sent off to find the generator by riding his "horse" and since the Reanimator doesn't work on him, Leela uses the hand crank on the Time Tunneller to bring him back every time he dies. Zoidberg reaches the generator and turns it on. Adoy sets up the Time Tunneller and the crew head back in time to Earth. Zoidberg is left behind.
- Zoidberg's gameplay level:
Act V: Mom
Leela crash-lands the severely damaged ship in the Planet Express building next to the past ship. They leave the bad ship behind (this fulfils a time paradox and explains why the ship was damaged at the beginning of the game) and take the good ship to stop the Professor from selling the company. They crash the ship through the window of Mom's Headquarters just as the Professor is about to sign the contract. The Reanimator falls from the wreckage and all three are regenerated. Fry warns the Professor of Mom's plan. Mom tricks Fry, Bender and Leela into standing where she can drop them through a trap door.
They each find themselves in different parts of Mom's HQ and have to try to escape from Destructor, with several gun upgrades, as he enters target practice mode. After Bender and Leela escape, Fry finds a gun and soon after enters battle against Destructor. Fry wins and heads down to meet the other two.
Mom's sons are cleaning up where the Planet Express ship crashed. Igner breaks the Reanimator, which falls on Destructor's body knocking it onto the crew, killing them permanently. The Professor refuses to sell the company, until Mom offers him a sombrero. The game ends when the scene at the beginning starts over. In other words, "here we go again".
- Mom's gameplay levels:
- Bender's Breakout (Bender)
- Leela's Last Laugh (Leela)
- Fry Fights Back (Fry)
In general, the game received weak/average responses, citing a lack of something exceptional in gameplay, but having hilarious cutscenes and one-liners.[1][2] Wired described the cutscenes as "side splitting".[3] One of the biggest criticisms was the lack of precise controls when some sections required it.[4]
Additional Info
- The game is among the few one-word titled media.
- The game has an abundance of well-hidden Easter Eggs (documented in full on the Easter eggs page). Because of their obscurity, they weren't publicly known about until 2019, 16 years after the game's release, when an unsolved literal Easter Egg in the Planet Express level became a topic of discussion in video game communities, shortly after which it was eventually solved and other Eggs throughout the game were discovered.[5][6]
- In the options menu, Billy West provides audio for SFX Volume and Speech Volume testing.
- In the former, Fry produces the effects, in the latter, Fry, Professor Farnsworth and Zapp Brannigan test the microphones.
- Both Scruffy and Hermes are seen sleeping on the job (actually Hermes isn't sleeping, he is being controlled by a brain slug).
- Terry's "Welcome to the world of tomorrow!" features in the intro remix.
- This music and other pieces in the game are later reused in the soundtrack of Bender's Big Score.
- The four types of mutant seen in this game are how they were expected to be in 2ACV01, there is no sign of intelligence and minimal, if any, humanity.
- Leela's parents' house appears to be in Old New York.
- Bender's birthstone is Robobium.
- Deaths:
- False Sun God
- Destructor
- Fry (four times, one permanent)
- Bender (three times, one permanent)
- Leela (two times, one permanent)
- Pawnbroker (edited into "The Lost Adventure" version only)
- Due to the episode's nature, it is best viewed as an "Anthology of Interest" (2ACV16, 3ACV18), which would make it non-canon.
- The characters occasionally break the fourth wall, mentioning "playable characters" or just the fact that this is a game.
- Maurice LaMarche voiced all three bosses.
- Nibblonian shadows can be seen on the three chairs in the market square near on the opposite side of the main gate to the reanimator. Other shadows can also be seen throughout Sun City.
- Two of the audio clips found at The Futurama Madhouse are not found in the game itself, and are instead extracted from the disc.
- Game cutscenes are the first 16:9 Futurama production.
Farnsworth: Good news everyone, I've sold Planet Express to Mom.
Morbo: At the risk of editorialising, this reporter applauds the demise of the pathetic human species.
Fry: Wow! I had my first kiss in a subway car just like that one. Hm homeless people.
Fry: Ah, Old New York. Over there is where I first got mugged.' [muttering] 'Homeless people.
Bender: Farewell, big blue ball of idiots!
Sal: Don't worries, I've gots an idea, I mean, an ideas.
Bender: I sure am lucky that rock tower just happened to be there.
Igner: If you see Mommy tell her I killed you!
Walt: Cursed robot! You haven't seen the last of me! Unless you die before I see you again, in which case you haaaaave!
Farnsworth: The worst part is the phantom haemorrhoids.
Fry: I can't imagine what kind of disgusting foul creatures we'll find here.
Zoidberg: Hello.
Adoy: Terrible. Terrible! Terrible! But there's nothing we can do about it now. So it's a good thing you came to me!
Zoidberg: Hooray, I'm the hero!
Fry & Bender: Hooray, we don't have to do anything!
Zoidberg: Killed, eh? I'm no doctor, but that sounds painful.
Adoy: Goodbye heroes! I'll never forget you, whoever you were!
Farnsworth: Did I do something funny?
Mom: No, I'm sorry; I should save my evil laugh 'til after you sign.
Fry: Oh no! The reanimator!
Leela: Bummer! We'll have to be careful not to die from now on.
Bender: You had to say that. [Destructor falls on them.]
Farnsworth: Damn it Mom! No one kills my crew except for me! You're going down.
Mom: Oh please! You wouldn't hit a lady!
Farnsworth: I suppose you're right. Though I would do this! Hoyyaa!
Mom: You broke my hip!
Farnsworth: I don't care.
- The Professor cites the fact that the crew never charges anyone as a reason for selling the company.
- Employee locker contents (left to right):
- Amy - a photo of the professional beach bully from 1ACV12, clothes and perfume/deodorant.
- Fry - a photo of Leela, Zero-G Juggs magazine and food scraps, containers and stains.
- Hermes - a caged Nibbler (in the game Nibblers are collected to unlock extras).
- Bender - cash, a photo of Calculon, a woman's shoe, a purse, circuit diagrams, stack of Fembot magazines, some mechanical nuts, keg of beer and a gold violin.
- Leela - security pass for the building and some boots.
- Professor - photo of Mom, photo of Cubert, Death Clock and Fing-longer.
- Zoidberg - Planet of the Clams poster, human skeleton and human arm (probably a reference to Fry's briefly severed arm).
- Mom finally gets her "Mother's Day" wish.
- Two of the items Fry collects are The Captain's Handbook and Zoidberg's pogo stick.
- In the sewers, signs warn not to feed the crocs.
- Bender mentions his gold tooth (2ACV07)
- Bender's first person view is like the one shown in "Mother's Day".
- The path created by the Time Tunneller looks much the same as the one in "Roswell that Ends Well".
- Both episodes also feature Zoidberg saying "the crowd goes wild", then imitating the crowd. They were also written by the same person.
- Leela remarked that her health restore item (a jar of pills) was better than steroids; she had to have mandatory steroid injections during her time as a professional Blernsball player.
- In the Red Light District level, there is a theater that plays All My Circuits: The Movie.
- In the end of Act I, the Chicken Walker is a reference to the AT-ST, from Star Wars.
- The initial meeting with Adoy on Bogad is a reference to a similar scene in Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back when Luke Skywalker meets Yoda on Dagobah.
- Additionally, the character and planet names in the game are the Star Wars names backwards.
- In Act II a flying saucer contains one of Elvis Presley's costumes and a spacesuit with a helmet that is shaped like his hair.
- Ra-Ra the Sun King's name is based on Ra, the Egyptian sun god, though his clothing is Mayan (People of the sun)
The game is an Action/Platformer which includes many typical elements of platformers including platforming, puzzle solving, enemy combat and collectibles.
Bender and Leela each have a series of melee attacks while Leela can also roll and do backflips. They both have a powerful attack which can only be used if they have enough charge. Since Fry is not good at physical combat, he instead uses a series of guns and a hammer.
In each level there are a number of Nibblers trapped in cages; releasing all of them will unlock loading screen art, music and cutscenes. Apart from the Nibblers, each character has their own individual collectibles which give additional lives if 25 are collected. Each character also has their own health restoring items:
- Fry:
- Slurm can - Restores 25% of health
- Six pack Slurm can - Restores to full health
- Money piles - Additional lives
- Ammo - Restores 50 ammo to whatever gun he is holding
- Bender:
- Olde Fortran Malt Liquor bottle - restores 25% of health
- Mom's Old-Fashioned Robot Oil can - Restores to full health
- Robobium - Additional lives
- Charge bubble - Restores 1/4 charge to his special attack
- Leela
- Small tub of vitamins - Restores 25% of health
- Large tub of vitamins - Restores to full health
- Gold bars - Additional lives
- Charge bubble - Restores 1/4 charge to her special attack
- Zoidberg
- Since Zoidberg dies instantly whenever he hits an obstacle he does not have a health restoring item
- Fish bones - Additional lives
- At one point the Planet Express hangar is large enough to house two ships.
The only real problems are associated with the invincibility cheat:
- Using a suicide booth with the invincibility cheat turned on removes the Fry character model from the screen but doesn't kill you.
- When playing as Fry in the sewers level it is possible to freeze your console by using the invincibility cheat, then getting caught by the tentacle mutant. At this point the game can be unfrozen by typing in the invincibility cheat again to deactivate it, allowing Fry to die.
While these cheats should be unnecessary, you can try this yourself with the following codes:
- Xbox version - Hold L, press A. Hold R, press X, Y. Release R, press A. Hold R, press X, Y, B, A, Black, Y, Back, release L. (other cheats)
- PS2 version - Hold L1 and L2, press down, ☐, Δ, down, ☐, Δ, O, X, R2, Δ, select. (other cheats)
Tips and Tricks
- The items in the Planet Express level are indicated on this floorplan.
- When in the sewers get fairly close to the pipe tentacles, shoot and then run through. You get about three seconds to run past. In area 8 you have to shoot the tentacles and jump past.
- The subway has club troopers that have spiked clubs. So press R1 to lock on, shoot, if they get too close start to back up.
- During the fight against Destructor, when a mosquito missile comes out of his red swirled hatch wait until it opens again and hold down square and release it to shoot a power blast, use it about 5 times and then the last cutscene will start.
- More info
- Debut: Adoy
- Bender (playable)
- Destructor (boss)
- Professor Farnsworth
- Fry (playable)
- Hermes (infected with a brain slug)
- Igner
- Larry
- Leela (playable)
- Linda
- Mom
- Morbo
- Nibbler
- Pawnbroker
- Debut: Ra-Ra
- Debut: Ra-Ra's aide
- Robot Chef
- Sal
- Scruffy
- Smitty (cameo, intro)
- Soda Machine Robot (multiple)
- Debut: Sun God Impostor (boss)
- URL (cameo, intro)
- Walt (boss)
- Zapp (sponsor)
- Dr. Zoidberg (playable)
Types of Generic Enemy Characters
As these are groups of minor enemies introduced to be killed in the game, every appearance is a debut appearance, except for one of the Red Light District robots, which appeared in the background of "Obsoletely Fabulous".
- Non-sentient sewer mutants
- Hazmat troopers
- Red Light District robots
- Hoverbot Death Troopers
- Weasels
- Rock monsters
- Mining robots
- False Sun God's bone-bot army.
- Sentry robots
- Writer
- Voice Director
- Executive Game Designer
- Voice Actors
- Developers/Production
- Fox Interactive
- The Curiosity Company
- Publishers
- SCi (EU version)
- Sierra Entertainment (US version)
Unlocked by collecting all Nibblers in the various levels.
- Movies
- 33 of 34 FMVs (an FMV with Destructor is not unlocked)
- Season 3 - DVD Trailer
- Attract Movie
- Credits Movie
- Music from the game.
- Gallery/Sponsors
- See Video game sponsors.
Game to Episode Edits
The DVD of The Beast with a Billion Backs includes the episode contained in this game as a special feature, as well as a commentary track. The episode is cut together from some of FMVs unlocked by collecting Nibblers during gameplay; (almost) all of the in-game cut scenes, the credits and the attract movie, which contains game play footage.
- An opening sequence is added, with the caption "The Lost Adventure", which is also the name of the special feature/episode.
- Fourth wall breaks (most references to more lives, the "game over" screen and discussion thereof, mention of playable characters) are mostly removed, with the exception of Zoidberg's cameo.
- Most brief scenes with minor characters, such as enemies, Mom's sons and the pawnbroker, are removed or edited.
- New sound effects replace many of those used in the game.
- ^ "Futurama Xbox reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved on 16 April 2009.
- ^ "Futurama PlayStation 2 reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved on 16 April 2009.
- ^ Chris Baker (20 December 2007). "Videogames & Futurama, Part 4: The Lost Episode is on a PS2 Disc". Wired. Retrieved on 16 April 2009.
- ^ Douglass C. Perry (12 August 2003). "Futurama". IGN. Retrieved on 24 July 2014.
- ^ "16 Years Later, Players Still Can't Figure Out This Futurama Easter Egg". Kotaku. 20 July 2019.
- ^ Oddheader (25 December 2019). "Top 10 Video Game Discoveries & Mysteries 2019". YouTube.
External links
- Futurama at GameFAQs - PS2, Xbox
- Sound clips from the game at Futurama Madhouse
- IMDB entry on Futurama (VG)
- Futurama on The Cutting Room Floor
Futurama | |


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perl589delta - what is new for perl v5.8.9
This document describes differences between the 5.8.8 release and the 5.8.9 release.
The 5.8.9 release will be the last significant release of the 5.8.x series. Any future releases of 5.8.x will likely only be to deal with security issues, and platform build failures. Hence you should look to migrating to 5.10.x, if you have not started already. See "Known Problems" for more information.
A particular construction in the source code of extensions written in C++ may need changing. See "Changed Internals" for more details. All extensions written in C, most written in C++, and all existing compiled extensions are unaffected. This was necessary to improve C++ support.
Other than this, there are no changes intentionally incompatible with 5.8.8. If any exist, they are bugs and reports are welcome.
The copy of the Unicode Character Database included in Perl 5.8 has been updated to 5.1.0 from 4.1.0. See http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode5.1.0/#NotableChanges for the notable changes.
It is now possible to call stat
and the -X
filestat operators on directory handles. As both directory and file handles are barewords, there can be ambiguities over which was intended. In these situations the file handle semantics are preferred. Both also treat *FILE{IO}
filehandles like *FILE
It's possible to enhance the mechanism of subroutine hooks in @INC by adding a source filter on top of the filehandle opened and returned by the hook. This feature was planned a long time ago, but wasn't quite working until now. See "require" in perlfunc for details. (Nicholas Clark)
The constant folding routine is now wrapped in an exception handler, and if folding throws an exception (such as attempting to evaluate 0/0), perl now retains the current optree, rather than aborting the whole program. Without this change, programs would not compile if they had expressions that happened to generate exceptions, even though those expressions were in code that could never be reached at runtime. (Nicholas Clark, Dave Mitchell)
no VERSION
You can now use no
followed by a version number to specify that you want to use a version of perl older than the specified one.
The code that caches calculated UTF-8 byte offsets for character offsets for a string has been re-written. Several bugs have been located and eliminated, and the code now makes better use of the information it has, so should be faster. In particular, it doesn't scan to the end of a string before calculating an offset within the string, which should speed up some operations on long strings. It is now possible to disable the caching code at run time, to verify that it is not the cause of suspected problems.
There is now Configure support for creating a perl tree that is relocatable at run time. see "Relocatable installations".
This variable gives the native status returned by the last pipe close, backtick command, successful call to wait
or waitpid
, or from the system
operator. See perlvar for details. (Contributed by Gisle Aas.)
This variable controls the state of the internal UTF-8 offset caching code. 1 for on (the default), 0 for off, -1 to debug the caching code by checking all its results against linear scans, and panicking on any discrepancy.
is now overridableThe built-in function readpipe
is now overridable. Overriding it permits also to override its operator counterpart, qx//
(also known as ``
Perl 5.8.9 (and 5.10.0 onwards) now provides a couple of macros to do very basic exception handling in XS modules. You can use these macros if you call code that may croak
, but you need to do some cleanup before giving control back to Perl. See "Exception Handling" in perlguts for more details.
suppresses the EXECUTING... message when running under -D
logs runops loop entry and exit, and jump level popping.
displays the process id as part of the trace output.
Some pure-perl code that the regexp engine was using to retrieve Unicode properties and transliteration mappings has been reimplemented in XS for faster execution. (SADAHIRO Tomoyuki)
The interpreter internals now support a far more memory efficient form of inlineable constants. Storing a reference to a constant value in a symbol table is equivalent to a full typeglob referencing a constant subroutine, but using about 400 bytes less memory. This proxy constant subroutine is automatically upgraded to a real typeglob with subroutine if necessary. The approach taken is analogous to the existing space optimisation for subroutine stub declarations, which are stored as plain scalars in place of the full typeglob.
However, to aid backwards compatibility of existing code, which (wrongly) does not expect anything other than typeglobs in symbol tables, nothing in core uses this feature, other than the regression tests.
Stubs for prototyped subroutines have been stored in symbol tables as plain strings, and stubs for unprototyped subroutines as the number -1, since 5.005, so code which assumes that the core only places typeglobs in symbol tables has been making incorrect assumptions for over 10 years.
Compile support added for:
MirOS BSD
Cray XT4/Catamount
is a simple framework to create modules that accept pluggable sub-modules. The bundled version is 3.8
is a hash of hashes that is keyed on perl version as indicated in $]
. The bundled version is 2.17
now available in core on Microsoft Windows. The bundled version is 0.1001_01
finds all the packages defined by a single file. It is part of the Module::Pluggable
distribution. The bundled version is 0.3
upgraded to version 0.09
upgraded to version 5.67
upgraded to 1.06
upgraded to version 1.06
upgraded from 1.09_01 to 1.19
provides new pad related abstraction macros B::NV::COP_SEQ_RANGE_LOW
, which hides the difference in storage in 5.10.0 and later.
provides B::sub_generation
, which exposes PL_sub_generation
provides B::GV::isGV_with_GP
, which on pre-5.10 perls always returns true.
New type B::HE
added with methods VAL
and SVKEY_force
The B::GVf_IMPORTED_CV
flag is now set correctly when a proxy constant subroutine is imported.
bugs fixed in the handling of PMOP
returns now U32
, not U16
and B:CV::ROOT
return now NULL
on an XSUB, B::CV::XSUB
and B::CV::XSUBANY
return 0 on a non-XSUB.
upgraded to 1.05
upgraded to 0.76
new option -src
causes the rendering of each statement (starting with the nextstate OP) to be preceded by the first line of source code that generates it.
new option -stash="somepackage"
, require
s "somepackage", and then renders each function defined in its namespace.
now has documentation of detailed hint symbols.
upgraded to version 1.05
upgraded to version 0.87
properly deparse print readpipe $x, $y
now handles ''-
()>, ::()
, sub :: {}
, etc. correctly [RT #43010]. All bugs in parsing these kinds of syntax are now fixed:
perl -MO=Deparse -e '"my %h = "->()'
perl -MO=Deparse -e '::->()'
perl -MO=Deparse -e 'sub :: {}'
perl -MO=Deparse -e 'package a; sub a::b::c {}'
perl -MO=Deparse -e 'sub the::main::road {}'
does not deparse $^H{v_string}
, which is automatically set by the internals.
upgraded to version 1.11
upgraded to version 1.05
upgraded to version 2.13
loading a module via base.pm would mask a global $SIG{__DIE__}
in that module.
push all classes at once in @ISA
upgraded to version 1.10
upgraded to 0.23
upgraded to 0.23
upgraded to 0.23
upgraded to 0.04
upgraded to version 1.10
The argument backtrace code now shows undef
as undef
, instead of a string "undef".
upgraded to version 3.42
upgraded to 1.06
upgraded to version 1.17
upgraded to version 1.9301
upgraded to version 3.29 with some platform specific improvements (including for VMS).
upgraded to version 2.121_17
Fixes hash iterator current position with the pure Perl version [RT #40668]
Performance enhancements, which will be most evident on platforms where repeated calls to C's realloc()
are slow, such as Win32.
upgraded to version 1.817
upgraded to version 0.02
upgraded to version 20080331.00
upgraded to version 1.04
upgraded to version 3.14
upgraded to version 1.16
upgraded to version 1.15
upgraded to version 2.37
upgraded to version 1.02
now localises $.
, $@
, $!
, and $?
before closing the directory handle to suppress leaking any side effects of warnings about it already being closed.
upgraded to version 1.09
can now dynamically load a loadable object from a file with a non-default file extension.
upgraded to version 2.26
includes a fix for encoding "646" on Solaris (better known as ASCII).
upgraded to version 1.03
upgraded to version 1.10
upgraded to version 5.63
upgraded to version 1.15
upgraded to version 0.21
upgraded to version 1.28
upgraded to version 1.50_01
upgraded to version 1.43
upgraded to version 6.48
support for INSTALLSITESCRIPT
and INSTALLVENDORSCRIPT
upgraded to version 1.55
upgraded to version 2.19
upgraded to version 1.06
allows built-ins in CORE::GLOBAL
to be made fatal.
upgraded to version 1.06
upgraded to version 2.12
upgraded to version 2.77
upgraded to version 1.07
upgraded to 1.1005
upgraded to 2.13
now uses 3-arg open.
upgraded to 1.01
upgraded to version 1.13
upgraded to version 1.06
fixes spurious results with brackets inside braces.
upgraded to version 2.07_02
upgraded to version 3.29
improved handling of bad arguments.
some platform specific improvements (including for VMS and Cygwin), with an optimisation on abs2rel
when handling both relative arguments.
upgraded to version 1.01
upgraded to version 0.20
upgraded to version 1.02
upgraded to version 1.07
upgraded to version 0.83
upgraded to version 1.49
upgraded to version 1.09
upgraded to version 2.37
upgraded to version 1.06
upgraded to version 0.06
upgraded to version 0.05
upgraded to version 1.23
Reduced number of calls to getpeername
in IO::Socket
upgraded to version 1.03
upgraded to version 1.03
upgraded to version 2.00
upgraded to version 0.61
avoid warning about loading .par files.
upgraded to version 1.22
upgraded to 1.19
upgraded to 1.13
upgraded to version 1.60
upgraded to version 1.89
upgraded to version 0.22
implements new as_float
upgraded to version 1.54.
upgraded to version 1.18.
upgraded to version 1.07
improve g++ handling for systems using GDBM compatibility headers.
upgraded to version 2.35
upgraded to version 0.61
fix several bugs with NEXT
when working with AUTOLOAD
, eval
block, and within overloaded stringification.
upgraded to 1.07
upgraded to 1.06
upgraded to 1.02
upgraded to version 0.11
upgraded to version 0.06
[RT #40267] PerlIO::scalar
doesn't respect readonly-ness.
upgraded to version 0.05
upgraded to version 1.09
upgraded to version 1.35
upgraded to version 1.35
upgraded to version 1.15
constants that duplicate those in Fcntl
are now imported from Fcntl
and re-exported, rather than being duplicated by POSIX
can remove empty directories.
safer to call multiple times.
added, which provides access to POSIX realtime signal functionality on systems that support it.
upgraded to version 0.06_01
upgraded to version 2.16
upgraded to 1.19
upgraded to version 1.06
upgraded to version 1.17
upgraded to version 0.72
upgraded to version 1.04
upgraded to version 1.81
this fixes an optimistic use of gethostbyname
upgraded to 2.19
upgraded to version 2.13
upgraded to version 0.27
upgraded to version 1.12
upgraded to version 1.12
upgraded to version 1.03
upgraded to version 0.80
upgraded version to 2.64
this makes it able to handle newlines.
upgraded to version 0.80
upgraded to version 0.80
upgraded to version 1.98
upgraded to version 3.27
upgraded to version 3.03
upgraded to version 2007.1117
upgraded to version 2006.1117
upgraded to version 2.01
upgraded to version 2.09
upgraded to version 2.11
added capability to add complex structures (e.g., hash of hashes) to queues.
added capability to dequeue multiple items at once.
added new methods to inspect and manipulate queues: peek
, insert
and extract
upgraded to version 4.2
upgraded to version 1.03
upgraded to version 1.1
now correctly caches its results.
upgraded to version 1.38
upgraded to version 1.01
upgraded to version 4.2
upgraded to version 1.03
upgraded to version 1.1901
upgraded to version 1.9715 with various build improvements (including VMS) and minor platform-specific bug fixes (including for HP-UX 11 ia64).
upgraded to 1.71
new thread state information methods: is_running
, is_detached
and is_joinable
. list
method enhanced to return running or joinable threads.
new thread signal method: kill
added capability to specify thread stack size.
added capability to control thread exiting behavior. Added a new exit
upgraded to version 1.27
smaller and faster implementation that eliminates one internal structure and the consequent level of indirection.
user locks are now stored in a safer manner.
new function shared_clone
creates a copy of an object leaving shared elements as-is and deep-cloning non-shared elements.
added new is_shared
upgraded to version 1.02
upgraded to version 0.25
upgraded to version 1.05_01
upgraded to version 0.38
added new function GetCurrentProcessId
which returns the regular Windows process identifier of the current process, even when called from within a fork.
upgraded to version 0.10
and XS::Typemap
are for internal use only and hence no longer installed. Many more tests have been added to XS::APItest
Andreas König contributed two functions to save and load the debugger history.
no longer emits warnings under the debugger.
The debugger should now correctly find tty the device on OS X 10.5 and VMS when the program fork
LVALUE subs now work inside the debugger.
Perl 5.8.9 adds a new utility perlthanks, which is a variant of perlbug, but for sending non-bug-reports to the authors and maintainers of Perl. Getting nothing but bug reports can become a bit demoralising - we'll see if this changes things.
perlbug now checks if you're reporting about a non-core module and suggests you report it to the CPAN author instead.
won't define an empty string as a constant [RT #25366]
has examples for h2xs -X
now attempts to deal sensibly with the difference in path implications between ""
and <>
quoting in #include
now generates correct code for #if defined A || defined B
As usual, the documentation received its share of corrections, clarifications and other nitfixes. More tags were added for indexing.
perlunitut is a tutorial written by Juerd Waalboer on Unicode-related terminology and how to correctly handle Unicode in Perl scripts.
perlunicode is updated in section user defined properties.
perluniintro has been updated in the example of detecting data that is not valid in particular encoding.
perlcommunity provides an overview of the Perl Community along with further resources.
CORE documents the pseudo-namespace for Perl's core routines.
perlglossary adds deprecated modules and features and to be dropped modules.
perlhack has been updated and added resources on smoke testing.
The Perl FAQs (perlfaq1..perlfaq9) have been updated.
perlcheat is updated with better details on \w
, \d
, and \s
perldebug is updated with information on how to call the debugger.
perldiag documentation updated with subroutine with an ampersand on the argument to exists
and delete
and also several terminology updates on warnings.
perlfork documents the limitation of exec
inside pseudo-processes.
Documentation is fixed in section caller
and pop
Function alarm
now mentions Time::HiRes::ualarm
in preference to select
Regarding precedence in -X
, filetest operators are the same as unary operators, but not regarding parsing and parentheses (spotted by Eirik Berg Hanssen).
function documentation received scalar context examples.
perllocale documentation is adjusted for number localization and POSIX::setlocale
to fix Debian bug #379463.
perlmodlib is updated with CPAN::API::HOWTO
and Sys::Syslog::win32::Win32
perlre documentation updated to reflect the differences between [[:xxxxx:]]
and \p{IsXxxxx}
matches. Also added section on /g
and /c
perlreguts describe the internals of the regular expressions engine. It has been contributed by Yves Orton.
perlrebackslash describes all perl regular expression backslash and escape sequences.
perlrecharclass describes the syntax and use of character classes in Perl Regular Expressions.
perlrun is updated to clarify on the hash seed PERL_HASH_SEED. Also more information in options -x
and -u
perlsub example is updated to use a lexical variable for opendir
perlvar fixes confusion about real GID $(
and effective GID $)
Perl thread tutorial example is fixed in section "Queues: Passing Data Around" in perlthrtut and perlthrtut.
perlhack documentation extensively improved by Jarkko Hietaniemi and others.
perltoot provides information on modifying @UNIVERSAL::ISA
perlport documentation extended to include different kill(-9, ...)
semantics on Windows. It also clearly states dump
is not supported on Win32 and cygwin.
INSTALL has been updated and modernised.
The default since perl 5.000 has been for perl to create an empty scalar with every new typeglob. The increased use of lexical variables means that most are now unused. Thanks to Nicholas Clark's efforts, Perl can now be compiled with -DPERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
to avoid creating these empty scalars. This will significantly decrease the number of scalars allocated for all configurations, and the number of scalars that need to be copied for ithread creation. Whilst this option is binary compatible with existing perl installations, it does change a long-standing assumption about the internals, hence it is not enabled by default, as some third party code may rely on the old behaviour.
We would recommend testing with this configuration on new deployments of perl, particularly for multi-threaded servers, to see whether all third party code is compatible with it, as this configuration may give useful performance improvements. For existing installations we would not recommend changing to this configuration unless thorough testing is performed before deployment.
no longer uses $&
, which results in large speedups for regexp matching in all code using it.
Regular expressions classes of a single character are now treated the same as if the character had been used as a literal, meaning that code that uses char-classes as an escaping mechanism will see a speedup. (Yves Orton)
Creating anonymous array and hash references (ie. []
and {}
) now incurs no more overhead than creating an anonymous list or hash. Nicholas Clark provided changes with a saving of two ops and one stack push, which was measured as a slightly better than 5% improvement for these operations.
Many calls to strlen()
have been eliminated, either because the length was already known, or by adopting or enhancing APIs that pass lengths. This has been aided by the adoption of a my_sprintf()
wrapper, which returns the correct C89 value - the length of the formatted string. Previously we could not rely on the return value of sprintf()
, because on some ancient but extant platforms it still returns char *
is now faster if the search string is stored in UTF-8 but only contains characters in the Latin-1 range.
The Unicode swatch cache inside the regexp engine is now used. (the lookup had a key mismatch, present since the initial implementation). [RT #42839]
There is now Configure support for creating a relocatable perl tree. If you Configure with -Duserelocatableinc
, then the paths in @INC
(and everything else in %Config
) can be optionally located via the path of the perl executable.
At start time, if any paths in @INC
or Config
that Configure marked as relocatable (by starting them with ".../"
), then they are prefixed the directory of $^X
. This allows the relocation can be configured on a per-directory basis, although the default with -Duserelocatableinc
is that everything is relocated. The initial install is done to the original configured prefix.
Configure is now better at removing temporary files. Tom Callaway (from RedHat) also contributed patches that complete the set of flags passed to the compiler and the linker, in particular that -fPIC
is now enabled on Linux. It will also croak when your /dev/null isn't a device.
A new configuration variable d_pseudofork
has been to Configure, and is available as $Config{d_pseudofork}
in the Config
module. This distinguishes real fork
support from the pseudofork emulation used on Windows platforms.
Config.pod and config.sh are now placed correctly for cross-compilation.
is now 'true' rather than 'yes' when using a shared perl library.
Parallel makes should work properly now, although there may still be problems if make test
is instructed to run in parallel.
Many compilation warnings have been cleaned up. A very stubborn compiler warning in S_emulate_eaccess()
was killed after six attempts. g++ support has been tuned, especially for FreeBSD.
mkppport has been integrated, and all ppport.h files in the core will now be autogenerated at build time (and removed during cleanup).
installman now works with -Duserelocatableinc
and DESTDIR
installperl no longer installs:
static library files of statically linked extensions when a shared perl library is being used. (They are not needed. See "Windows" below).
SIGNATURE and PAUSE*.pub (CPAN files)
NOTES and PATCHING (ExtUtils files)
perlld and ld2 (Cygwin files)
There are improved hints for AIX, Cygwin, DEC/OSF, FreeBSD, HP/UX, Irix 6 Linux, MachTen, NetBSD, OS/390, QNX, SCO, Solaris, SunOS, System V Release 5.x (UnixWare 7, OpenUNIX 8), Ultrix, UMIPS, uts and VOS.
Drop -std=c89
and -ansi
if using long long
as the main integral type, else in FreeBSD 6.2 (and perhaps other releases), system headers do not declare some functions required by perl.
Starting with Solaris 10, we do not want versioned shared libraries, because those often indicate a private use only library. These problems could often be triggered when SUNWbdb (Berkeley DB) was installed. Hence if Solaris 10 is detected set ignore_versioned_solibs=y
Allow IEEE math to be deselected on OpenVMS I64 (but it remains the default).
Record IEEE usage in config.h
Help older VMS compilers by using ccflags
when building munchconfig.exe
Don't try to build old Thread
extension on VMS when -Duseithreads
has been chosen.
Passing a raw string of "NaN" to nawk causes a core dump - so the string has been changed to "*NaN*"
t/op/stat.t tests will now test hard links on VMS if they are supported.
When using a shared perl library installperl no longer installs static library files, import library files and export library files (of statically linked extensions) and empty bootstrap files (of dynamically linked extensions). This fixes a problem building PAR-Packer on Win32 with a debug build of perl.
Various improvements to the win32 build process, including support for Visual C++ 2005 Express Edition (aka Visual C++ 8.x).
perl.exe will now have an icon if built with MinGW or Borland.
Improvements to the perl-static.exe build process.
Add Win32 makefile option to link all extensions statically.
The WinCE directory has been merged into the Win32 directory.
tests have been re-enabled for Windows XP onwards.
Many many bugs related to the internal Unicode implementation (UTF-8) have been fixed. In particular, long standing bugs related to returning Unicode via tie
, overloading or $@
are now gone, some of which were never reported.
will internally convert the string back from UTF-8 on numeric types. This is a compromise between the full consistency now in 5.10, and the current behaviour, which is often used as a "feature" on string types.
Using :crlf
and UTF-16
IO layers together will now work.
Fixed problems with split
, Unicode /\s+/
and / \0/
Fixed bug RT #40641 - encoding of Unicode characters in regular expressions.
Fixed a bug where using certain patterns in a regexp led to a panic. [RT #45337]
Perl no longer segfaults (due to infinite internal recursion) if the locale's character is not UTF-8 [RT #41442]:
use open ':locale';
print STDERR "\x{201e}"; # "
Inconsistencies have been fixed in the reference counting PerlIO uses to keep track of Unix file descriptors, and the API used by XS code to manage getting and releasing FILE *
Several bugs have been fixed in Magic, the internal system used to implement features such as tie
, tainting and threads sharing.
undef @array
on a tied array now correctly calls the CLEAR
Some of the bitwise ops were not checking whether their arguments were magical before using them. [RT #24816]
Magic is no longer invoked twice by the expression \&$x
A bug with assigning large numbers and tainting has been resolved. [RT #40708]
A new entry has been added to the MAGIC vtable - svt_local
. This is used when copying magic to the new value during local
, allowing certain problems with localising shared variables to be resolved.
For the implementation details, see "Magic Virtual Tables" in perlguts.
Internally, perl object-ness is on the referent, not the reference, even though methods can only be called via a reference. However, the original implementation of overloading stored flags related to overloading on the reference, relying on the flags being copied when the reference was copied, or set at the creation of a new reference. This manifests in a bug - if you rebless an object from a class that has overloading, into one that does not, then any other existing references think that they (still) point to an overloaded object, choose these C code paths, and then throw errors. Analogously, blessing into an overloaded class when other references exist will result in them not using overloading.
The implementation has been fixed for 5.10, but this fix changes the semantics of flag bits, so is not binary compatible, so can't be applied to 5.8.9. However, 5.8.9 has a work-around that implements the same bug fix. If the referent has multiple references, then all the other references are located and corrected. A full search is avoided whenever possible by scanning lexicals outwards from the current subroutine, and the argument stack.
A certain well known Linux vendor applied incomplete versions of this bug fix to their /usr/bin/perl and then prematurely closed bug reports about performance issues without consulting back upstream. This not being enough, they then proceeded to ignore the necessary fixes to these unreleased changes for 11 months, until massive pressure was applied by their long-suffering paying customers, catalysed by the failings being featured on a prominent blog and Slashdot.
now propagates correctly into string evalsUnder 5.8.8 and earlier:
$ perl5.8.8 -e 'use strict; eval "use foo bar" or die $@'
Can't locate foo.pm in @INC (@INC contains: ... .) at (eval 1) line 2.
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at (eval 1) line 2.
Under 5.8.9 and later:
$ perl5.8.9 -e 'use strict; eval "use foo bar" or die $@'
Bareword "bar" not allowed while "strict subs" in use at (eval 1) line 1.
This may cause problems with programs that parse the error message and rely on the buggy behaviour.
The tokenizer no longer treats =cute
(and other words beginning with =cut
) as a synonym for =cut
Calling CORE::require
and CORE::do
were always parsed as require
and do
when they were overridden. This is now fixed.
Stopped memory leak on long /etc/groups entries.
while (my $x ...) { ...; redo }
shouldn't undef $x
In the presence of my
in the conditional of a while()
, until()
, or for(;;)
loop, we now add an extra scope to the body so that redo
doesn't undef
the lexical.
The encoding
pragma now correctly ignores anything following an @
character in the LC_ALL
and LANG
environment variables. [RT # 49646]
A segfault observed with some gcc 3.3 optimisations is resolved.
A possible segfault when unpack
used in scalar context with ()
groups is resolved. [RT #50256]
Resolved issue where $!
could be changed by a signal handler interrupting a system
Fixed bug RT #37886, symbolic dereferencing was allowed in the argument of defined
even under the influence of use strict 'refs'
Fixed bug RT #43207, where lc
inside sort
affected the return value.
Fixed bug RT #45607, where *{"BONK"} = \&{"BONK"}
didn't work correctly.
Fixed bug RT #35878, croaking from a XSUB called via goto &xsub
corrupts perl internals.
Fixed bug RT #32539, DynaLoader.o is moved into libperl.so to avoid the need to statically link DynaLoader into the stub perl executable. With this libperl.so provides everything needed to get a functional embedded perl interpreter to run.
Fix bug RT #36267 so that assigning to a tied hash doesn't change the underlying hash.
Fix bug RT #6006, regexp replaces using large replacement variables fail some of the time, i.e. when substitution contains something like ${10}
(note the bracket) instead of just $10
Fix bug RT #45053, Perl_newCONSTSUB()
is now thread safe.
Various improvements to 64 bit builds.
Mutex protection added in PerlIOStdio_close()
to avoid race conditions. Hopefully this fixes failures in the threads tests free.t and blocks.t.
Added forked terminal support to the debugger, with the ability to update the window title.
A build problem with specifying USE_MULTI
and USE_ITHREADS
but without USE_IMP_SYS
has been fixed.
upgraded to version 1.04
Aligned floating point build policies for cc and gcc.
Revisited a patch from 5.6.1 for RH7.2 for Intel's icc [RT #7916], added an additional check for $Config{gccversion}
Use -DPTR_IS_LONG
when using 64 bit integers
Fixed PerlIO::Scalar
in-memory file record-style reads.
pipe shutdown at process exit should now be more robust.
Bugs in VMS exit handling tickled by Test::Harness
2.64 have been fixed.
Fix fcntl()
locking capability test in configure.com.
Replaced shrplib='define'
with useshrplib='true'
on VMS.
used to fail when the target directory is a bare drive letter and no_chdir
is 1 (the default is 0). [RT #41555]
A build problem with specifying USE_MULTI
and USE_ITHREADS
but without USE_IMP_SYS
has been fixed.
The process id is no longer truncated to 16 bits on some Windows platforms ( http://bugs.activestate.com/show_bug.cgi?id=72443 )
Fixed bug RT #54828 in perlio.c where calling binmode
on Win32 and Cygwin may cause a segmentation fault.
It is now possible to overload eq
when using nomethod
Various problems using overload
with 64 bit integers corrected.
The reference count of PerlIO
file descriptors is now correctly handled.
On VMS, escaped dots will be preserved when converted to Unix syntax.
keys %+
no longer throws an 'ambiguous'
Using #!perl -d
could trigger an assertion, which has been fixed.
Don't stringify tied code references in @INC
when calling require
Code references in @INC
report the correct file name when __FILE__
is used.
Width and precision in sprintf didn't handle characters above 255 correctly. [RT #40473]
List slices with indices out of range now work more consistently. [RT #39882]
A change introduced with perl 5.8.1 broke the parsing of arguments of the form -foo=bar
with the -s
on the <#!> line. This has been fixed. See http://bugs.activestate.com/show_bug.cgi?id=43483
is now threadsafe. Previously it was storing a swash inside its OP, rather than in a pad.
pod2html labels anchors more consistently and handles nested definition lists better.
cleanup veto has been extended to include perl_free()
and perl_destruct()
On some systems, changes to $ENV{TZ}
would not always be respected by the underlying calls to localtime_r()
. Perl now forces the inspection of the environment on these systems.
The special variable $^R
is now more consistently set when executing regexps using the (?{...})
construct. In particular, it will still be set even if backreferences or optional sub-patterns (?:...)?
are used.
This new fatal error occurs when the C routine Perl_sv_chop()
was passed a position that is not within the scalar's string buffer. This is caused by buggy XS code, and at this point recovery is not possible.
This new fatal error occurs when the perl process has to abort due to too many pending signals, which is bound to prevent perl from being able to handle further incoming signals safely.
This new fatal error occurs when the ACL version file test operator is used where it is not available on the current platform. Earlier checks mean that it should never be possible to get this.
New error indicating that a tied array has claimed to have a negative number of elements.
Previously the internal error from the SV upgrade code was the less informative Can't upgrade that kind of scalar. It now reports the current internal type, and the new type requested.
This error, thrown if an invalid argument is provided to exists
now correctly includes "or a subroutine". [RT #38955]
This error in Fatal
previously did not show the name of the builtin in question (now represented by %s above).
This error previously did not state the column.
This can now also be generated by a seek
on a file handle using PerlIO::scalar
New error, introduced as part of the fix to RT #40641 to handle encoding of Unicode characters in regular expression comments.
A more informative fatal error issued when calling dump
on Win32 and Cygwin. (Given that the purpose of dump
is to abort with a core dump, and core dumps can't be produced on these platforms, this is more useful than silently exiting.)
The perl sources can now be compiled with a C++ compiler instead of a C compiler. A necessary implementation details is that under C++, the macro XS
used to define XSUBs now includes an extern "C"
definition. A side effect of this is that C++ code that used the construction
typedef XS(SwigPerlWrapper);
now needs to be written
typedef XSPROTO(SwigPerlWrapper);
using the new XSPROTO
macro, in order to compile. C extensions are unaffected, although C extensions are encouraged to use XSPROTO
too. This change was present in the 5.10.0 release of perl, so any actively maintained code that happened to use this construction should already have been adapted. Code that needs changing will fail with a compilation error.
magic on localizing/assigning to a magic variable will now only trigger for container magics, i.e. it will for %ENV
or %SIG
but not for $#array
The new API macro newSVpvs()
can be used in place of constructions such as newSVpvn("ISA", 3)
. It takes a single string constant, and at C compile time determines its length.
The new API function Perl_newSV_type()
can be used as a more efficient replacement of the common idiom
sv = newSV(0);
sv_upgrade(sv, type);
Similarly Perl_newSVpvn_flags()
can be used to combine Perl_newSVpv()
with Perl_sv_2mortal()
or the equivalent Perl_sv_newmortal()
with Perl_sv_setpvn()
Two new macros mPUSHs()
and mXPUSHs()
are added, to make it easier to push mortal SVs onto the stack. They were then used to fix several bugs where values on the stack had not been mortalised.
A Perl_signbit()
function was added to test the sign of an NV
. It maps to the system one when available.
, Perl_lex_end()
, Perl_mod()
, Perl_op_clear()
, Perl_pop_return()
, Perl_qerror()
, Perl_setdefout()
, Perl_vivify_defelem()
and Perl_yylex()
are now visible to extensions. This was required to allow Data::Alias
to work on Windows.
is now visible to perl core extensions. This was required to allow Sub::Current
to work on Windows.
functions are now available in unthreaded perl. Storable
takes advantage of this.
There have been many small cleanups made to the internals. In particular, Perl_sv_upgrade()
has been simplified considerably, with a straight-through code path that uses memset()
and memcpy()
to initialise the new body, rather than assignment via multiple temporary variables. It has also benefited from simplification and de-duplication of the arena management code.
A lot of small improvements in the code base were made due to reports from the Coverity static code analyzer.
Corrected use and documentation of Perl_gv_stashpv()
, Perl_gv_stashpvn()
, Perl_gv_stashsv()
functions (last parameter is a bitmask, not boolean).
and PERL_SYS_TERM
macros have been changed into functions.
no longer requires a context. PerlIO_teardown()
is now called without a context, and debugging output in this function has been disabled because that required that an interpreter was present, an invalid assumption at termination time.
All compile time options which affect binary compatibility have been grouped together into a global variable (PL_bincompat_options
The values of PERL_REVISION
and PERL_SUBVERSION
are now baked into global variables (and hence into any shared perl library). Additionally under MULTIPLICITY
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Uploaded with ImageShack.us
December 10, 2011
First analysis of Metspalu et al. (2011) data (plus K12a admixture calculator)
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33 comments:
- pconroy said...
Map of Gedrosia - for those like me, who never heard of it!
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gedrosia-Map-Route-of-Alexander-1823-Lucas.png - Saturday, December 10, 2011 11:08:00 pm
- Onur Dincer said...
Dieneke, why did you use less samples for some of the Dodecad populations in this run than you used in some of the previous runs?
- Sunday, December 11, 2011 2:18:00 am
- princenuadha said...
I like this analysis best; the different elements seem to spread out in a very orderly way. Like the caucasus element that peaks in the caucasus and drops quickly outside the caucasus. in the last analysis the "west asain" was spread out in a more random way.
And wow is "north European" very structured. It goes across northern Europe and has a huge drops/ from ukraine to romania. and a pretty significant drop from the British to the French.
Also I noticed that moroccans essentially have no "North European". Since moroccans do have European admixture maybe they got it before "north European" was in western Europe.
I noticed that in this run the d results matched better (very close) with the non d sets. - Sunday, December 11, 2011 8:11:00 am
- Vasishta said...
A rather interesting choice of labeling for the Balochistan centered component;
Gedrosia ( /dʒɨˈdroʊʒə/; Greek: Γεδρωσία) from Pashto Gwadar-khua is the hellenized name of an area that corresponds to today's Balochistan. Eastern Balochistan is southwestern province of Pakistan and parts of southwestern and south-central Afghanistan and western Balochistan is divided between Iranian provinces of Hormozgan and Sistan va Baluchestan. The area which is named Gedrosia, in books about Alexander the Great and his successors, runs from the Indus River to the southern edge of the Strait of Hormuz. It is directly to the south of the Iranian countries of Bactria, Arachosia and Drangiana, to the east of the Iranian countries of Persia and Carmania and due west of the Indus River which formed a natural boundary between it and Western India. In 325 BC, Alexander the Great crossed the area on his way back to Babylon after campaigning in the east. Historians say he lost three-quarters of his army to the harsh desert conditions along the way. John Prevas, in his book "Envy of the Gods: Alexander the Great's Ill-Fated Journey Across Asia", says that Alexander wanted to punish his army for retreating from risking a military campaign against the powerful kingdoms in India proper.
Gedrosia here, seems to parallel the South-Central Asian component inferred in your ADMIXTURE analysis of Eurasian populations with K=15 and Harappa's North Indian component in Ref3 + Yunusbayev Caucasus Data Admixture @ K=15. The South Asian component, that peaks in the Tamil Pulayar, is more akin to an ASI-like component (but still with a West-Eurasian fraction subsumed under it), than the South Asian component generally inferred by Admixture.
Dienekes, I'm interested in what you think of the occurrence of the North European component even in some of the more peasant castes of Uttar Pradesh, in North-Central India, which is the most populous state in India. Here is a list of the non-upper caste groups from U.P who seem to have non-noisy amounts of the component. I have mentioned their traditional professions in the brackets wherever possible;
- U.P Chamar (varied menial professions) - 2.4%
- U.P Dharkar (weavers, cane manufacturers, porters etc) - 5.8%
- U.P Dusadh (porters, watchmen) - 2.5%
- U.P Kanjar (nomadic group, reputation as criminals) - 6.2%
- U.P Kurmi (agriculturalists) - 4.8%
The Rajasthani Meghwal, are a generic peasant caste from Rajasthan in NW India, and are traditionally often weavers. They seem to have 3.8% of this component. These percentages, sans the Kanjar, Dharkar and Kurmi are rather small, but still notable. It's interesting how generic peasant castes in South India lack this component altogether, while those from U.P seem to have a small percentage of this same. This seems to correlate with the non-Indo Aryan language of the former and the Indo-Aryan language of the latter. In light of the discussion we were having a while ago, the component's widespread-ness suggests that it is certainly more ancestral in nature and be attributed more antiquity as opposed to admixture with an intrusive, and somewhat recent folk like the Saka and other intrusive non-South Asians. India's populousness would have seriously made it rather difficult for such invaders to have been able to spread their genes to such an extent. - Sunday, December 11, 2011 9:50:00 am
- Dienekes said...
Uttar Pradesh was part of the Kushan Empire, South India was not. While it is impossible to discount the possibility that some of this influence predated the Indo-Scythian invasions, its levels are comparable to what we see elsewhere in Eurasia (e.g., Anatolia) with regard to recently intrusive mobile elements superimposed on a dense agricultural population.
Also, the difference between 3.8% and 0% is not one of kind (presence/absence), but of degree, with 0% signifying minimum, not absence.
Another place where the clear Indo-Scythian origin of this influence can be seen is in Pakistan; the Iranic-speaking Pathans, who are presumably more descended from this element than the Indo-Aryan speaking Sindhi, have more of it, and both have more than the populations of Balochistan who lived outside the Kushan Empire, who, conversely have more of the "Southwest Asian" element, which reflects their own superimposed foreign influence (from the Near East). - Sunday, December 11, 2011 1:45:00 pm
- Onur Dincer said...
its levels are comparable to what we see elsewhere in Eurasia (e.g., Anatolia) with regard to recently intrusive mobile elements superimposed on a dense agricultural population.
The "North European" component levels of North-Central Indians are too high to be completely or mostly from Saka and/or other recent steppe influence. Bulk of that component probably comes from pre-Iron Age migrations to North-Central India. - Sunday, December 11, 2011 2:52:00 pm
- Dienekes said...
"Too high" or "too low" are useless opinions without evidence or accompanying argument.
- Sunday, December 11, 2011 3:06:00 pm
- Onur Dincer said...
"Too high" or "too low" are useless opinions without evidence or accompanying argument.
I made my statement based on a comparison of the "North European" component levels of North-Central Indians with those of the peoples of the surrounding regions (Pakistan, the rest of India, Afghanistan, Iran, Central Asia), historical information on migrations from Central Asia to South Asia and the estimated demographics of the areas in question in the relevant eras. - Sunday, December 11, 2011 3:25:00 pm
- Dienekes said...
A collection of words does not an argument make.
- Sunday, December 11, 2011 3:31:00 pm
- Onur Dincer said...
The only probably Saka-Scythian (or Tocharian) genetic influenced South Asian population I have seen so far is Jats. There may of course be others, but indigenous peoples of Uttar Pradesh do not seem to be so.
- Sunday, December 11, 2011 4:31:00 pm
- Andrés said...
I've been following the genome blogosphere for a while, but there's still some things I don't understand. I have a lot of questions about the criteria for choosing K, the specific clustering algorithms, the percentage of variance lost in dimensionality reduction, etc.
Is there any web page or paper that describes the standard practices of genome information processing?
If anyone knows please post a link, it will be very appreciated. - Sunday, December 11, 2011 5:04:00 pm
- princenuadha said...
I'm not sure if it is significant but does anyone have an idea on why the gedrosia element forms a nice cline in Europe that peaks in the northwest?
- Sunday, December 11, 2011 5:48:00 pm
- Matt said...
Do you think most of these clusters reflect population movements or just areas where people tend to breed more frequently with one another, without any actual movements of people occuring?
I remember reading on your blog a few years ago that a cluster involving particular groups means that breeding between groups was more frequent between those groups, i.e. if you have population A and B and C and D, and A breeds more with B and C breeds more with D, you'd get AB and CD clusters without population movements.
So I'd guess you've thought about it and would have good reasons either way. - Sunday, December 11, 2011 6:36:00 pm
- Giulia said...
i'm perplexed.. how can some northern european group have more mediterranean admixture than some italians like northern italians or tuscans?
- Sunday, December 11, 2011 9:19:00 pm
- Dienekes said...
The component can be called whatever one wants. I called it Mediterranean because it was modal in Sardinians and Basques. Whatever it's called, it has the distribution shown.
- Sunday, December 11, 2011 9:27:00 pm
- Grey said...
"i'm perplexed.. how can some northern european group have more mediterranean admixture than some italians like northern italians or tuscans?"
If mediteranean wasn't mediteranean but basal i.e. base neolithic farmers, and that was then mixed in varying proportions with northern migrations folding backwards in proportion to the path of least resistance then the "mediterranean" element might survive better in inaccessible parts of the northern or central regions (like Wales or Brittany) then in the accessible parts of southern regions (like Tuscany).
It would survive the best in the least accessible parts of the south. - Monday, December 12, 2011 2:24:00 am
You included the two Romanians from Behar et al. 2010 with Gypsy admixture.
- Monday, December 12, 2011 4:40:00 am
- AP said...
Re: "Uttar Pradesh was part of the Kushan Empire"
Uttar Pradesh was the heart of the Kushan empire with Mathura as one of their capitals. But why would the Kushans introduce that European element? There are some supposed remnants of the Kushans who are called Banaphars (cf. Vanashpara in Sarnath Inscription) made famous in lore by their clansmen Alha and Udal. http://books.google.com/books?id=uYXDB2gIYbwC&pg=PA4 - Monday, December 12, 2011 5:37:00 pm
- Average Joe said...
Nice work! Do you have any theories as to why the Gedrosia component is relatively high in the Irish sample compared to other European populations? - Monday, December 12, 2011 6:29:00 pm
- Dienekes said...
@AP The Northern European element is not limited to Europe. There is actually a latitudinal arrangement of the Caucasoid components in Asia, from north to south: NorthEuro, Caucasus, Gedrosia. The Kushans are derived ultimately from the north, so they would have shifted people in the direction measured by the NOrth European component.
- Monday, December 12, 2011 6:37:00 pm
- Dienekes said...
Nice work! Do you have any theories as to why the Gedrosia component is relatively high in the Irish sample compared to other European populations?
I don't have an easy theory. My guess is that Central Asia has something to do with it, and there is a latent element that is beyond our reach using modern populations, because Central Asia has been much changed due to the arrival of Turkic peoples.
This may also have something to do with it, although I don't necessarily agree
http://rbedrosian.com/Classic/Indop2.jpg - Monday, December 12, 2011 6:40:00 pm
That was my very first thought after looking at the Fst distances. It could be a wave of West Asians of mostly R1b carriers that became differentiated on their way with admixture of Central Asians like Northwest_African is with Mediterranean plus African admix. The only Europeans that show a >1 Gedrosia to Caucasus ratio are the Basque, British Islanders (Scots>Irish>English), Scandinavians, and Dutch. These are isolated areas which could partly explain the higher ratios.
- Monday, December 12, 2011 7:51:00 pm
- Eduardo Pinto said...
Hello Dienekes
Is this an a unsupervised run? If so, how come that the "Mediterranean" component is dominant in the two greatest European genetic isolates, the Basques and the Sardinians?
Wouldn't it be more likely for each one of these two populations to create their own specific cluster? - Monday, December 12, 2011 8:13:00 pm
- Dienekes said...
Yes, this is an unsupervised run.
- Monday, December 12, 2011 9:03:00 pm
- Onur Dincer said...
The level of the "South Asian" component is unusual for the Dodecad Egyptians. If it is purely due to a single individual, I think he/she is most likely a Gypsy or recent Gypsy descendant. I would permanently remove such an individual from the Dodecad Egyptian population, as a Gypsy or recent Gypsy descendant cannot represent the Egyptian gene pool.
- Tuesday, December 13, 2011 12:05:00 am
> The level of the "South Asian" component is unusual for the Dodecad Egyptians.
The Egyptians (n=12) from Behar et al. 2010 are 0.3 South_Asian. What are you talking about? - Tuesday, December 13, 2011 12:22:00 am
- Dienekes said...
There are no Egyptians in the spreadsheet, since there are not 5 Egyptians in the Dodecad Project.
- Tuesday, December 13, 2011 12:34:00 am
- Onur Dincer said...
There are no Egyptians in the spreadsheet, since there are not 5 Egyptians in the Dodecad Project.
But there are Dodecad Egyptians in your ADMIXTURE analysis:
http://imageshack.us/photo/my-images/607/40469901.png/ - Tuesday, December 13, 2011 12:53:00 am
- Dienekes said...
I know what's in the ADMIXTURE analysis. What I'm telling you is that there are not 5 Egyptians in the Dodecad Project, hence there is no Egyptian average reported, hence your complaint that "The level of the "South Asian" component is unusual for the Dodecad Egyptians." is meaningless. If there are ever enough Dodecad Egyptians, we can tell whether the South Asian component in any number of them is unusual within the broader context, and hence whether they constitute outliers.
- Tuesday, December 13, 2011 12:59:00 am
- Dienekes said...
Also, after checking the actual Egyptian_D average for "South Asian" (pink) it is less than 3%, so I don't get what the big deal is anyway.
- Tuesday, December 13, 2011 1:12:00 am
I didn't realize that picture showed Dodecad populations with n<5. Danes also have a positive Gedrosia:Caucasus ratio. I calculated Austrians and German Swiss, because I wanted to know. For anyone interested,
Austrian_D: 45.6 N_Eu, 35.7 Med, 10.9 Cau, 4.8 Ged, 2.6 SW_As, 0.3 Sib, 0.2 S_As
Swiss_German_D: 39.2 Med, 36.5 N_Eu, 17.2 Cau, 4.9 Ged, 1.0 SW_As, 0.3 S_As, 0.3 Sib, 0.2 NW_Af, 0.2 SE_As
Oracle showed me closest to Hungarians (9.1088) followed by Mixed_Germanic_D, German_D, and Dutch_D (11.1405). I calculated the following distances, and they're closer to me which isn't surprising.
Austrian_D (4.9356)
Swiss_German_D (7.5980) - Tuesday, December 13, 2011 9:37:00 am
So what would settled indo-iranian populations look autosomally without the ASI admixture/later West Eurasian ancestry(greeks, british, turks).
Basically what did the andronovo/bmac(and ivc) mixed people be autosomally and in what percentage? (would there be med among them(maybe associated with the small amounts of r1b that apparently do exist (are these from the neolithic or later north iranian empires)?
Would SW Asian be present?
Is Gedrosia associated with SW Asian or W Asian? Is it purely West Eurasian?
And what type of phenotype would that mix produce? - Friday, December 16, 2011 8:58:00 am
- anthrospain said...
This mediterranean componente is more like a SouthWestern, since it peaks in Basques/Sardinians, and it is more frequent in Germanics than in Greeks, Italians or Cyprus, so it's not really mediterranean.
- Saturday, December 17, 2011 8:22:00 pm


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Dolores & Daphne Check The Temperature
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© 2008 FarmgirlFare.com, the award-winning blog where all the donkeys believe that if the temperature drops below 60 degrees, they won't survive the night without plenty of extra treats. And triple everything if there's snow on the ground.