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Army of Two: The Devil's Cartel (PS3)
Retro PS3 Software
Item Code: 129379
Army of Two: The Devil's Cartel (PS3)
Retro PS3 Software
The originator of tactical co-op is back! Developed by Visceral Games, the award-winning creators of Dead Space, Army of TWO The Devils Cartel delivers an immersive and unique 3rd-person co-op action-shooter that's built on the new Frostbite 2 engine for maximum destruction. You and your partner must shoot and destroy anything in your path to take down a violent drug cartel thats taken over Mexico. In gripping partner-based missions, each player must tackle and overcome individual objectives to achieve a common goal. The more effective your teamwork, the greater the reward as the new Overkill mode gives you devastating power for truly epic mass destruction! Experience this explosive action-blockbuster campaign in two-player local split-screen or online co-op!
Shoot-and-Destroy Tactical Co-op: Work together and perform challenging strategic maneuvers with your friend in a true two-player co-op experience with flanking, dual-breach, riot-shield attacks, and much more!
Unleash the Ultimate Destructive Power of Overkill: Build up your Overkill meter by performing cooperative maneuvers and unleash it with your partner to take destruction to a whole new level.
Challenge a Powerful and Ruthless Mexican Cartel: Experience a grim but relevant story set in a modern Mexico that's been torn apart by the drug war.
Customize Your Character for Explosive Action: Use the powerful customization tools to outfit Alpha and Bravo with personalized tactical gear to prepare for a dangerous, action-packed mission to end the cartel's ruthless reign.
Additional Information
Condition | New |
Release Date | 28th March 2013 |
Weight (kg) | 0.100000 |
Barcode | 5030941110105 |
Product Type | Video Game |
Publisher | Electronic Arts |
Developer | Visceral Games |
Region Code | PAL |
Classification | R18+ |
Platform | PlayStation 3 |
Genre | Shooter |
Item Code | 129379 |
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Wiki Page Names
Wiki page names commonly use the CamelCase convention. Within wiki text, any word in CamelCase automatically becomes a hyperlink to the wiki page with that name.
CamelCase page names must follow these rules:
- The name must consist of alphabetic characters only. No digits, spaces, punctuation, or underscores are allowed.
- A name must have at least two capital letters.
- The first character must be capitalized.
- Every capital letter must be followed by one or more lower-case letters.
- The use of slash ( / ) is permitted in page names (possibly representing a hierarchy).
If you want to create a wiki page that doesn't follow CamelCase rules you can use the following syntax:
* [wiki:Wiki_page], [wiki:ISO9000] * [wiki:"Space Matters"] that page name embeds space characters * or simply: ["WikiPageName"]s (!MoinMoin's internal free links style)
This will be rendered as:
- Wiki_page, ISO9000
- Space Matters that page name embeds space characters
- or simply WikiPageName (MoinMoin's internal free links style)
See also TracLinks#QuotingspaceinTracLinks.
Finally, and as exemplified in the line above, one can also append an anchor to a Wiki page name, in order to link to a specific section within that page. The anchor can easily be seen by hovering the mouse over a section heading, then clicking on the ¶ sign that appears at its end. The anchor is usually generated automatically, but it's also possible to specify it explicitely, see WikiFormatting#using-explicit-id-in-heading
See also: WikiNewPage, WikiFormatting, TracWiki, TracLinks

subset: commoncrawl


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TJC is a smart first choice for any student, whether you plan to transfer to a four-year university or gain the skills and training needed to go directly into the workforce.
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Learn More About TJCTJC provides a full college experience – we offer opportunities and programs that add to your involvement outside the classroom.
Events CalendarThe School of Continuing Studies seeks to provide lifelong learning for people of all ages to develop personal and professional potential, upgrade job-related skills and prepare for informed participation in the civic, cultural and political life of the community.
Search Courses60-year-old oak trees and historic buildings are part of daily life here on TJC's big, beautiful campus.
Virtual Campus Tour


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The objective of scaling and root planing is to remove etiologic agents which cause inflammation to the gingival (gum) tissue and surrounding bone. Common etiologic agents removed by this conventional periodontal therapy include dental plaque and tartar (calculus).
These non-surgical procedures which completely cleanse the periodontium, work very effectively for individuals suffering from gingivitis (mild gum inflammation) and moderate/severe periodontal disease.
Reasons for scaling and root planing
Scaling and root planing can be used both as a preventative measure and as a stand-alone treatment. These procedures are performed as a preventative measure for a periodontitis sufferer.
Here are some reasons why these dental procedures may be necessary:
Disease prevention – The oral bacteria which cause periodontal infections can travel via the bloodstream to other parts of the body. Research has shown that lung infections and heart disease have been linked to periodontal bacteria. Scaling and root planing remove bacteria and halts periodontal disease from progressing, thus preventing the bacteria from traveling to other parts of the body.
Tooth protection – When gum pockets exceed 3mm in depth, there is a greater risk of periodontal disease. As pockets deepen, they tend to house more colonies of dangerous bacteria. Eventually, a chronic inflammatory response by the body begins to destroy gingival and bone tissue which may lead to tooth loss. Periodontal disease is the number one cause of tooth loss in the developed world.
Aesthetic effects – Scaling and root planing help remove tartar and plaque from the teeth and below the gumline. As an added bonus, if superficial stains are present on the teeth, they will be removed in the process of the scaling and root planing procedure.
Better breath – One of the most common signs of periodontal disease is halitosis (bad breath). Food particles and bacteria can cause a persistent bad odor in the oral cavity which is alleviated with cleaning procedures such as scaling and root planing.
What do scaling and root planing treatments involve?
Scaling and root planing treatments are only performed after a thorough examination of the mouth. The dentist will take X-rays, conduct visual examinations and make a diagnosis before recommending or beginning these procedures.
Depending on the current condition of the gums, the amount of calculus (tartar) present, the depth of the pockets and the progression of the periodontitis, local anesthetic may be used.
Scaling – This procedure is usually performed with special dental instruments and may include an ultrasonic scaling tool. The scaling tool removes calculus and plaque from the surface of the crown and root surfaces. In many cases, the scaling tool includes an irrigation process that can also be used to deliver an antimicrobial agent below the gums that can help reduce oral bacteria.
Root Planing – This procedure is a specific treatment which serves to remove cementum and surface dentin that is embedded with unwanted microorganisms, toxins and tartar. The root of the tooth is literally smoothed in order to promote good healing. Having clean, smooth root surfaces helps bacteria from easily colonizing in future.
Following these deep cleaning procedures, the gum pockets may be treated with antibiotics. This will soothe irritation and help the gum tissues to heal quickly.
During the next appointment, the dentist or hygienist will thoroughly examine the gums again to see how well the pockets have healed. If the gum pockets still measure more than 3mm in depth, additional and more intensive treatments may be recommended.
If you have any concerns or questions about scaling and root planing, or periodontal disease, please ask your dentist.


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We offer a simple but complete website for only $600, click here to learn more.
If you're just starting a new business, or deciding to upgrade your small business website, James Web Design is a smart choice for your new Bend Oregon web designer, and complete marketing solution. We've been helping bend oregon business owners develop their online presence for over 18 years in Bend Oregon, Redmond Oregon, and Prineville Oregon.
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We have seen a lot of changes in custom website design in 18 years, but one thing that hasn't changed is the desire for most small business owners to play a management role in the maintenance of their website; like they do with their own business. At James Web Design we'll provide experienced consultation on your initial marketing choices for your online business presence; like buying the right domain name. We can also design a logo for your business and website if you don't already have one. After that, the development of the site can be a collaborative effort, so the site showcases your business in the way that you expect it to. And once the website is completed, we can teach you to edit your own website and add content yourself.
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Having James Web Design create a promotional video for your business can be a great way to boost your search engine visibility or SEO.
My project was very custom and required special programming, but James was able to accomodate everything I wanted including adding my podcasts to iTunes.
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James was easy to work with, reasonably priced, and trained me well on how to easily make changes download videos and pictures to my website.
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Min Wang
Min Wang is Chair Professor at School of Design, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, one of the top design schools in the world. Professor Min Wang has been the Dean of School of Design at China Central Academy of Fine Arts (CAFA). The Academy is the most prestigious and influential art school in China. Min Wang has been appointed by the Ministry of Education as Chang Jiang Scholars Chair Professor in 2007 and he is member of AGI (Alliance Graphique Internationale) and President of AGI China Chapter.
Min Wang was the Design Director for Beijing 2008 Olympic Games Committee from 2006 to 2008, responsible for the design of the Look of the Games. He has been also the Director of Art Research Center for Olympic Games (ARCOG) at CAFA since 2004. Under his leadership, the Center had created the medal, the pictogram, the color system, the image and identity guidelines, etc. for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.
Min was elected and served as the Vice President (07-09) of ICOGRADA (the International Council of Graphic Design Associations, the world body for professional communication design). He was the key person for organizing the ICOGRADA World Design Congress 2009 in Beijing.
Min has been the Design Director at Square Two Design. Min joined Square Two in 1998 after serving 8 years as Design Manager, Senior Art Director, Graphic Designer at Adobe Systems. Min Wang received MFA from Yale University School of Art in 1988 and he had been a visiting fellow in Germany at Akademe der Bildenden Kunste, Munich and Hochschule der Kunste, Berlin. In 1989, he began lecturing in graphic design at Yale University School of Art, teaching graduate students until 1997. Min's work has been exhibited internationally and in the collection of Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe in Hamburg; Museum für Gestaltung Zürich, etc.


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The largest independent, non-commercial, consumer-oriented resource on the Internet for owners, collectors and enthusiasts of fine wristwatches. Online since 1998. | ||||||||
A marketplace for chronographs, dive watches and other tool-type wristwatches and timepieces |
Please see our ChronoTrader Policies and Terms of Use. | Learn more about How To Include Photos In Your Postings. |
Rules: Postings must be an ad announcing an intent to sell, buy or trade. Full item description and photo(s) must be posted within the message here, not as links to other websites. Links to online auctions and other sites: Links to online auctions, dealer sites or other listings of items are permitted, but you should be careful to ensure that such listings will comply with our other ChronoTrader Policies. In addition, we request that sellers linking to online auctions or listings offer some benefit or accomodation to ChronoTrader readers (for example, some discount or an undertaking to end an auction early, to keep a watch "in the family"). Photos must be of the actual item for sale in its present condition. No counterfeit or replica products. No post for the same item may be repeated within 7 days, except to lower the asking price. Commercial dealers are limited to three unique posts per day. [More...]
Hi, love your straps !
Am interested in similar 19 & 20mm to 16mm in rubber perforated, can you help?
If not are any waterproof?
Chronocentric and zOwie site design and contents (c) Copyright 1998-2005, Derek Ziglar; Copyright 2005-2008, Jeffrey M. Stein. All rights reserved. Use of this web site constitutes acceptance of the terms of use. | CONTACT | TERMS OF USE | TRANSLATE |


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For those who need to know how to sell a distressed property in Raleigh, we'll cover the options you have available. Traditional listings for this type of property are not suggested as they don't attract most buyers, take far too long, and are too costly for most owners of a distressed property.
Life can bring unexpected changes that leave you searching for solutions. Homes can fall into states of disrepair that are far beyond the owner's capacity to handle. There could have been a death, divorce, illness, or job loss, leading to lost income or a forced relocation at play.
Let's dive into some of the options to sell a distressed property in Raleigh
Professional Buyers
There are always two sides to everything and this holds true when considering how to sell a distressed property in Raleigh. Let's explore using the service of a professional cash buyer when you're selling. Due to the nature of cash sales, you'll benefit time-wise because of the ability to perform extremely quick closings.
Additionally, the sale is as-is and there won't be any downtime waiting for the right buyer. Nor will you be required to make the investment of your precious time and money in repairs. Another advantage is you're not carrying any legal risk, as with selling on your own and since most professional buyers pay all of the closing costs, you'll save even more.
Now, because the professional buyer is taking all of the risks, and offering the advantages of cash sales, their offers are below the prices being realized in the current real estate market. A word to the wise, do your research on who you're dealing with. Regrettably, there are unscrupulous buyers who may try to take advantage of time or financial constraints they learn you're up against.
Selling a distressed property in Raleigh on your own may sound appealing because you're in charge. Additionally, you won't be responsible for an agent or auctioneer fees, which can negatively impact your bottom line on the sale. If you're knowledgeable on marketing and all of the legalities involved, while you may need to invest a great deal of time, you can save money by handling everything yourself.
Conversely, inexperienced in marketing and the legal details, selling on their own often leads owners to failure. Not only don't they realize the highest profit on their property through their errors, but they could also end up in a legal nightmare with no way out.
Professional Auctioneers
Property auctions rarely imitate art, where fantastic prices are realized in movies and on television. Avoiding the headaches of showing your property is one of the favorable aspects of auctions. Additionally, these properties close within 30 to 40 days and sell as-is, so you won't need to continue to pour time and money into repairs and upkeep of your distressed property in Raleigh.
While there are advantages to using a professional auctioneer, keep in mind the usual fee for their service is a rather high 10 percent of the final purchase price. Should the bidder be responsible for the auctioneer's fee, lower bids overall are incentivized. Otherwise, you'll be responsible for their fee, absorbing additional costs.
Due to the nature of auctions, the outcome isn't guaranteed, you may be up against the issue of low attendance. There is also the innate competition when a high volume of properties is up for auction at the same time, leading to lower bids.
No matter which you choose, make educated decisions by taking the time to understand all of your options. Would you like to learn more about how we can help you sell a distressed property in Raleigh? Just call Easy Sale HomeBuyers today at 919-634-6670 or send us a message any time!


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Eco Efficient Dinnington Yorkshire
Yorkshires leading supplier and stockist of the largest range of wood burning and Solid Fuel Stoves Dinnington Yorkshire, visit our showroom or give us a call, Eco Efficient Dinnington Yorkshire.
With rising vitality expenses and contamination, utilizing a high-proficiency wood consuming stove appears to be reasonable. Eco Efficient Dinnington Yorkshire They are an independent kind of stove that consumes wood and coordinates the subsequent smoke vapor by means of smokestack channel pipe. The high-productivity wood stove works with no electrical source yet is effective enough to warm entire regions of a home. Additionally, this stove creates practically zero contamination by any stretch of the imagination, making it an eco-accommodating framework, rather than more established models of wood consuming stoves.
Presently, how do these new wood consuming stoves work?Eco Efficient Dinnington Yorkshire The procedure starts when the stove utilizes its uniquely planned wind current structure to consume wood at extraordinary temperatures inside protected fenced in areas. This warmed plenum creates for all intents and purposes no lethal waste or smoke by any means; the unpredictable natural gases are rather changed over into vitality to be utilized in delivering heat.
Presently, there are two unique plans of high-productivity wood consuming stoves in wide use.
The first is the propelled burning wood stove. Likewise called the optional consume stove, this sort of high-productivity stove consumes the wood in one nook and flammable smoke in another at high temperatures, which can frequently arrive at 1100 degrees Fahrenheit. An interesting element of the propelled ignition stove is diminished buildup on the glass entryway before the fire.
The subsequent sort is the reactant wood stove. Utilizing reactant combusters, not converters, the synergist stove burns the smoke from the fire at lower temperatures. This sort of auxiliary consuming is more productive than cutting edge ignition wood stoves.Eco Efficient Dinnington Yorkshire Be that as it may, they are progressively costly. The reactant combusters separate because of mileage after some time, which brings down the vitality yield; at any rate until the combuster is supplanted.
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text: Warning: This website contains sexually explicit depictions of adult males engaged in sexual activity with other adult males. Please leave now if you are not at least 18 years of age, if you don't have the legal right to possess adult materials in the community in which you live or if you are offended by such material, Exit Now. By clicking ENTER you confirm that you are over the age of 18 and you agree to the Lucas Entertainment Terms of Service.


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Already known as a leader in innovation, as recognized by our highly praised Capacitive Stylus, Capacitive Styra, and ClearTouch products, BoxWave is proud to continue that line of excellence with our EverTouch mini Capacitive Stylus.
The EverTouch mini Capacitive Stylus still maintains the praised, "palm of your hand" fit that made the Capacitive Stylus such a hit. All the while, the durable FiberMesh tip and smooth glide feel of the EverTouch mini Capacitive Stylus will have you rethinking using your finger as your touch screen tool of choice.


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Bad karma: we can't find that page!
You asked for {%sh404SEF_404_URL%}, but despite our computers looking very hard, we could not find it. What happened ?
- the link you clicked to arrive here has a typo in it
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{sh404sefSimilarUrlsCommentStart}It's not the end of everything though : you may be interested in the following pages on our site:{sh404sefSimilarUrlsCommentEnd}


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In Stock Stock Due Backorder/Available Unavailable
Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Due to Games Workshop's terms, we are unable to ship this item anywhere else.
Due to being a "Webstore Exclusive", this product may have plain white Games Workshop packaging.
A full selection of movement trays can be found here


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Paint Shop Pro Photo X2 has everything you need to create stunning photos. The integrated Learning Center and a selection of one-click photo-fixing tools make it easy to correct common photo flaws such as red eye, color and sharpness. Unique makeover tools let you whiten teeth, remove blemishes and paint on a tan, so you can make everyone look their best before printing or posting photos online.
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All information related to purchasing, operation and troubleshooting Everlast MIG/Flux core welders.
Use this control to limit the display of threads to those newer than the specified time frame.
Allows you to choose the data by which the thread list will be sorted.
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Note: when sorting by date, 'descending order' will show the newest results first.
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Price | Please contact us to send a quote request |
Part NO. | 3115534200 |
Description | GUIDE |
Brand | Atlas Copco / Epiroc |
Note |
After sales service and / or alternative options may apply to this product, please contact us for quotation |
Delivery date | About 15 days |
Origin | Made in China |
Transport to | whole world |
Applicable models |
Different models may use the same part number. Please tell us your model or machine nameplate or send product pictures |
Tip |
The price may fluctuate. The picture does not represent the actual product. Please send me a quotation request to get the latest product information |
We sell spare parts for crushers, underground mining trucks, rock drills, drilling rigs, air compressors, and other equipment. Please send us the part number, picture of the machine or the machine nameplate. We will check the price and delivery time for you. If you have any questions, please get in touch with us .


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604 683 8328
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Email this comparison to someone
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Don't have an account? Enter your order number and email address below to track your order.
Please fill out the form below and one of our Zenith specialists will contact you.
Congratulations on successfully selecting your setting and diamond. Please fill out the form below to receive the price for this combination.


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Power and renewables
Flexible pathways to engage the new construction sector
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Ask Smile Design Dental Spa if our services are right for you
Make an AppointmentWhat is Snoring?
Snoring occurs when there is an obstructed flow of air through the mouth and nose areas. Sixty-seven percent of adults suffer from snoring, and it is estimated that over 120 million people in the United States snore every single night. Snoring can originate from a variety of different causes, but it usually stems from an obstructed nasal airway, a deviated septum, nasal polyps, weak throat and tongue muscles, bulky throat tissue or a long soft palate and/or uvula. Habitual snorers are commonly at risk for sleep apnea, as well as chronic tiredness, unnecessary strain on the heart and a reduction in their overall quality of life.
How can I reduce or potentially eliminate snoring on my own?
- Sleep on your side to counteract the pull of gravity
- Maintain a healthy weight to reduce snoring and sleep apnea symptoms
- Relieve nasal congestion with nasal sprays or nasal strips to increase nasal airflow
- Avoid alcohol within four hours of sleep
Treatment with Oral Appliances
One treatment for sleep apnea is a plastic oral appliance that can help keep your breathing passages open as you sleep. The oral appliance is a molded device that is placed in the mouth at night to hold the lower jaw and bring the tongue forward. It elevates the soft palate and keeps the tongue from falling back in the airway and blocking breathing. Oral appliances often work best with people who are not obese and have mild to moderate sleep apnea but cannot tolerate CPAP treatment.
If you wish to use an oral appliance, your dentist at can customize one for you. Call us at 914-241-8200 to schedule a consultation.


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Family members or close friends commonly enact a will leaving their property holdings to their next of kin or people who meant a lot to them. Inheriting a home is quite common, yet the property is often unwanted. Leaving a recipient holding what is often an unaffordable property, due to upkeep, property taxes, and any homeowners or property owner's association fees. We'll cover 5 tips for selling an inherited house in Birmingham.
Prepare for Probate
An inherited property will likely have to go through the process of probate, depending on how the property was deeded. Local and state laws vary in the matter of inherited property. For those who have completed probate, there may be additional probate required within the county or state of the property, especially if it differs from your location in order to gain full legal rights to the property. Being prepared in advance to handle probate is a good tip for selling an inherited house in Birmingham.
Owner Financing
If you can afford to sit on the property for the typical three-year period of a lease to own agreement, you may wish to investigate this avenue when selling an inherited house in Birmingham. You'll need to understand the added demands of a landlord's duties, which many have no time or interest in. Unless your inherited home is brand new or in like-new condition, you may be spending thousands on repairs before ever selling the property.
For Sale By Owner
For sale by owner, or FSBO, is another option to consider when selling a house you inherited in Birmingham. Often our emotions put an added value on a property, which has little to do with the realities of real estate valuation. Do a little research to see what similar properties to yours are selling for a good idea of what a fair market value is, that way you are not shocked when you realize the current market value of your home.
Real Estate Agent
If you do not want to be a landlord or live in housing you may have inherited and had no use for listing with an agent is another option selling an inherited house in Birmingham. Listing your house on the real estate market with an agent usually means prepping to bring the home to market, which may include upgrades or serious repairs, covering professional photography fees, marketing, and staging the home. Add in real estate fees and commissions, as well as some closing costs.
Professional Buyers
Professional buyers will take the time to listen to your specific circumstances and help you decide which of the possible options of selling your unwanted inherited property is best for you, even if that means listing with an agent. Selling a house you inherited in Birmingham to a professional buyer is often the best option for the property. Keep in mind, cash buyers with quick closings will probably offer you a bit less than average market value when selling an inherited house in Birmingham. This is because they save you from all the costs involved with listing a property. There is no prepping, upgrading, marketing, or any other of the costs associated with other options.
Mark Buys Houses makes the process easy for you, with guaranteed quick closings with a firm offer, and no surprises at closing. Please call us at (205) 478-3284 to discuss the market value of the property. Contact Mark Buys Houses to learn more about what to do with your unwanted inherited house. We're happy to answer any questions you may have, including the potential probate on the property in Birmingham, Alabama. Give Mark Buys Houses a call at (205) 478-3284 today!


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Establishing Your Brand on College Campuses
Many students are cash-strapped, nowadays. Nevertheless, their purchasing power is very high. Research reveals that 20 million students in the US have a combined disposable income of $417 billion. Moreover, another survey of students' parents reveals that students now make 70 percent of their purchases themselves. These purchases are often made on credit cards. Therefore,


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Related Topics
Other segments from the episode on September 10, 2013
September 10, 2013
Guest: A. Scott Berg
TERRY GROSS, HOST: This is FRESH AIR. I'm Terry Gross.
GLENN BECK: Today is the happiest day of the years for me. Today is the day that in 1924 Woodrow Wilson died, that son of a bitch, and I'm happy.
GROSS: That was Glenn Beck, recorded in February of last year. It's hardly the only time he's railed against America's 28th president, Woodrow Wilson. It's just one example, a particularly colorful one, of how Wilson has remained a divisive figure, even though he left the White House back in 1921 after serving two terms.
Wilson signed into law a progressive income tax and oversaw the creation of the Federal Reserve Bank. He ran for re-election with the slogan: he kept us out of war - World War I - but in his second term he led the country into that war, saying we had to make the world safe for democracy. That ended America's isolationism and ushered in a new era of American military and foreign policy.
My guest, A. Scott Berg, has written a new biography of Wilson, and he's been thinking about Wilson as he's watched President Obama struggle over what to do about Syria. Berg is the first scholar to have access to two sets of papers: hundreds of Wilson's personal letters and the papers of Wilson's doctor and close friend, Cary Grayson. Berg is also the author of a Pulitzer Prize-winning biography of Charles Lindbergh. His biography of editor Maxwell Perkins won a National Book Critics Circle Award. A. Scott Berg, welcome to FRESH AIR.
A. SCOTT BERG: Thank you, very happy to be back with you.
GROSS: So since Woodrow Wilson remains so controversial, tell us what he represents to the right, or what you think he represents to the right.
BERG: Well, I'm not entirely clear, but I think here we are a century after Wilson's inauguration, and I think he still remains the most successful extremely progressive figure we've had in American politics. He certainly redefined the role of government, the federal government most particularly, in our daily lives, and I think this is - I think both those things, his success and that intervention, is what makes the right so crazy.
This is just a personal comment, but I think maybe there's just a little too much idealism to Woodrow Wilson as well, but I don't want to characterize the right as being un-idealistic.
GROSS: So you think that the progressive politics and his success at pushing through some of his progressive agenda is what he's admired for and what he's hated for?
BERG: I think that - I think yes on both counts, because it was a new way in which the government was functioning, and the government had greater latitude in our daily lives.
GROSS: So let's talk a little bit about some of the economic reforms that he pushed through. When he's elected, his priority is an economic agenda and what he describes as the new freedom. What were some of the things that he advocated and then got passed through Congress?
BERG: Yes, this new freedom we hear about, which was the moniker attached to his administration, was almost entirely an economic freedom that he was talking about, and largely, and this is a theme that runs throughout Woodrow Wilson's life, Wilson believed in leveling the playing field. He believed this when he was fighting the club system back when he was the president of Princeton University, but he was also fighting it throughout his administration.
He wasn't just a trust buster. He just, he didn't - he wasn't anti-big business. He was a man, however, who felt every American should have an equal shot at opportunity. So that being the case, the very first thing he came in with on his new freedom agenda, and this doesn't sound very sexy, but it had to do with tariff reform.
And he just felt that the tariffs, the way they were being operated, the way they were being manipulated by a lot of rich senators, in fact, the average American was paying more than he should be. And he wanted to lower those tariffs and ultimately get rid of a lot, if not most, of them and replace that with an income tax, a graduated income tax in which there would be, and this is another bugaboo for the right wing, I think, a redistribution of wealth.
So that was the first item on the bill.
GROSS: And I should say he thought the tariffs were protective tariffs, that they were there so that American manufacturers could charge higher prices because imports would be even higher priced.
BERG: That's exactly right, and yet there were commodities such as sugar, in which, you know, everybody used sugar but was paying something for it. And Wilson's idea was if we can lower the tariff on sugar, on cotton, on wool and so forth, then people can buy goods that they use and need regularly and not be taxed that way.
And doesn't it make more sense, in leveling the playing field, he thought, if indeed the richer people were paying more on their income? So that was the tariff reform. Perhaps the most important legacy from the new freedom was the Federal Reserve system, which Wilson felt very strongly about, and this was a kind of way in which the federal government could at least have some oversight.
You know, there had been a panic in 1907, and in fact a few millionaires really bailed out the United States of America. Banker J.P. Morgan had really more economic power than anybody in the world at that point. And this really seemed terrifying to Woodrow Wilson. And once again he wanted to redistribute some of the wealth. He wanted to take some of the importance that these few East Coast banks had and he wanted to give people in the South, farmers in the West and so forth, to have greater opportunity to borrow money and basically to have credit.
GROSS: And the Federal Reserve Bank is still controversial. There's a movement on the right to abolish the Federal Reserve.
BERG: Well, there you have. You know, we're 100 years later, the right is fighting Woodrow Wilson yet again.
GROSS: So the things that you mentioned he succeeds in getting passed by Congress - the end of the tariff, the start of a progressive income tax, the start of the Federal Reserve Bank.
BERG: He succeeds in a big way, and one of the interesting things also has to do with the way in which he did it. And Wilson really came in and redefined presidential power and the way it could and perhaps should be used. Wilson, you have to remember, was a student of government, of American government. He had written a dozen books, basically, on the way the American political system and governmental system worked.
In knowing that, he felt the presidency was largely undefined, and he thought it could be the most important position in the United States government, but at that point the Senate really was controlling things, along with the House. Wilson believed that the two branches of government - that is, the executive branch and the legislative branches - should cooperate, and I mean that quite literally, they should co-operate the government.
And as a result of that, Wilson brought a whole new style of being the executive to the United States. For example, whenever he had a really important measure to discuss, such as tariff or the Federal Reserve system, he would leave the White House, come down to the Congress, he would call a joint session of Congress.
I mean imagine, the president called 25 joint sessions of the Congress during his administration. And then he would hang around. He didn't just deliver a speech, which presidents had not done in person for over a century, not since John Adams had left office in 1801. So in these visits Wilson would pay, there is a room in the Congress called the President's Room. It's a room that nobody has ever used except Woodrow Wilson for ceremonial purposes.
Wilson used to come down to this President's Room, which is literally just feet off of the Senate floor, and he would sit there, sometimes four, five times a day after he had given an important speech, and he would twist arms. He would capture senators as they walked out. He would invite them in. He would have long conferences with them. He would horse-trade. He would do anything he conceivably could to pass this agenda.
GROSS: And speaking of his agenda, one more thing on his agenda I want to mention, because it again has such parallels to today, campaign finance reform. He wanted to prohibit any corporation from contributing to a campaign fund and wanted to limit personal campaign contributions. Did he succeed?
BERG: Well, not really. You know, to some extent he at least put the idea out there, and he stuck to it. But you know, here we are still fighting about this. But it makes the larger point, I think, however, which is that again Woodrow Wilson was really looking out for the average American.
Wilson didn't come into politics until he was in his mid-50s, and that was largely because he had a career as a college professor, which he got shunted into, he felt, because he didn't come from great wealth, and even though since he was a child he wanted to serve in the United States government, he just felt that you had to be a rich man to do that. And really, he walked into government through a back door and had the most meteoric rise in American history.
GROSS: Right, he was a professor at Princeton then the head of Princeton University, governor of New Jersey for less than two years when he's elected president.
BERG: That's correct. It's absolutely astonishing: 20 years at Princeton alone, another 10 year in academia before that.
GROSS: The new freedom, the economic agenda that Woodrow Wilson pushed through, was written with the help of Louis Brandeis, who then Wilson nominates to the Supreme Court, and Brandeis becomes the first Jewish Supreme Court justice.
So we have President Woodrow Wilson, who puts a Jew on the Supreme Court, really has economic policies that he wants to support the average person in America, but when it comes to African-Americans, very backwards. Let's start with Princeton. In Princeton, this is one of the only colleges, or Ivy League colleges, at that point that isn't admitting African-Americans when he's president.
BERG: Yes. Although I hasten to add that a lot of the Ivy League schools, and indeed a lot of schools in America, were not adding a lot of African-Americans, but at least the doors were open. I think we have to go back a little before that, though, well, in fact way back, which is one has to remember that Woodrow Wilson was born in 1856 in Virginia and grew up in four states of the Confederacy.
So this was a Southern boy from the Old South, before the Civil War, during the Civil War and during Reconstruction. So he grew up with a certain society. That being said, if you asked me if I think Woodrow Wilson is racist, I would say, yes, of course, I think he was. When I - if I were to ask that question of somebody 100 years ago, I think people would find him quite centrist, in a way.
Now Princeton University, when he became president, was an extremely Southern college in many ways. It had - half its student body was in fact from the South. And he was very mindful not of keeping blacks out for the sake of keeping them out, but really he just felt that society, the Princeton society, and indeed most of the country, was not yet ready for integration.
And that carries through into his presidency, as well. Wilson, I don't think, had any animosity toward African-Americans. And in fact when he ran for president in 1912, the African-American vote got behind Wilson because he said some very positive things. He made it sound as though a door was finally going to be open.
And a little like Richard Nixon - saying it required Nixon to open the door to China, a lot of the African-Americans felt, gee, it'll take our first Southerner in decades, really, to open the door for us. And Wilson did say a lot of good things, but he really didn't act on them. I think largely it was political, I should say, and I think it's related to his very ambitious new freedom agenda, for which he really needed the Southern bloc of Democrats to support him in a big way.
And they made it very clear that if he was going to start integrating everywhere, they were - he was not going to get anywhere with his agenda.
GROSS: Well, he allowed his Cabinet members to segregate their offices.
BERG: He did, and this is the start of the slippery slope.
GROSS: And by segregate, do we mean not hiring any African-Americans or keeping the African-Americans in a place separate from the white staff?
BERG: That's exactly what we mean. Wilson, Wilson truly did believe in advancing the African-American in this country. He just didn't believe the country was ready at that time. And he often said it will take another generation or probably two generations before these things can happen.
You know, it was still considered, especially in the South, just anathema for - that a white woman might have to work for a black man. I mean, this was - you just - it was unfathomable. And so Wilson's secretary of the treasury and Wilson's postmaster general did integrate the Treasury Departments and the post office. And that did mean that they hired people, but they had lesser jobs, generally, and they worked in different offices.
The sad part of this, and this is the real strike against Wilson and why the African-Americans justifiably turned on him, was that there had been a few inroads made in integration in those governmental offices already, and it was a shame to see that there had been some pullback.
But you know, again, this is, this is 50 years after the Civil War. There were still veterans alive who had fought in that war. And they, they just weren't ready to give in. I think they were still fighting the war.
GROSS: If you're just joining us, my guest is A. Scott Berg. He's written a new biography of Woodrow Wilson. Let's take a short break here, and then we'll talk some more about Wilson. This is FRESH AIR.
GROSS: If you're just joining us, my guest is A. Scott Berg, and after writing biographies of Charles Lindbergh and Samuel Goldwyn, Katherine Hepburn, now he's written a new biography of Woodrow Wilson.
Woodrow Wilson wins the presidency in 1912 running against Taft and Teddy Roosevelt, who ran on the Progressive Party. He pushes through some of his economic legislation that we talked about earlier, and then, you know, war is breaking out in Europe. Wilson does not want to be pulled into World War I. Why was he so adamant during his first term against being pulled into the war?
BERG: Well, I think this begins with his own childhood. Again, this was a boy who grew up in the South. He's the only president we've ever had, you see, who grew up basically in a nation that was defeated in a war. And that was the Confederate States of America.
He saw just - he saw cities burned down. I mean, he saw how society was completely ravaged. And, you know, he used to say nobody needs to explain anything about the South to me. It's the one part of the country I know. And part of what he knew was that devastation. And he never wanted to see that repeated again. I mean, he really is one of the few presidents who knew what war was going to wreak. So that was one factor, I think.
The second was, don't forget we had over a century, almost two centuries, of an isolationist tradition at that point. And he wanted to avoid foreign entanglements, and I think this was a great concern. And the question was: Is this an American war? And then the bigger question became: Is this a war that we have to get entangled in, or are we in fact already entangled because the world has shrunk in the last 10 years because of transportation, communication.
He's beginning to ask questions himself whether a country, any country, certainly a growing and mighty country like the United States, can avoid international crises anymore. We have economic entanglements everywhere. We did at that point. And above all, I think Wilson felt this was not a necessary war, not just for America but for the world.
He felt a lot of it was just a lot of European posturing of these autocracies of kings and emperors, most of whom were related. I often thought many of them were just fighting over who was grandma, Queen Victoria's, favorite grandson.
GROSS: He said he saw neutrality as a badge of splendid courage of reserve moral force. And he said there's such a thing as a man being too proud to fight. There is such a thing as a nation being so right that it does not to convince others by force that it is right. What was he talking about?
BERG: Well, I think that's pretty intense. You know, over the first few years of the war, we could stay out in the beginning, but then bit by bit, you know, the thing - Americans were losing their lives in non-combat, that is the Lusitania was sunk in 1915, and American lives went down. The Germans were involved in a very aggressive torpedo campaign, and boat by boat we would lose Americans.
The jingoists, such as Theodore Roosevelt, were pounding their fists to heaven and saying we've got to get into this war, and Wilson kept urging restraint. He kept saying we must remain neutral not just in our actions but even in our thoughts, he said.
Now a lot of this was just Wilson posturing in his own way because he believed so deeply in keeping us out of the war. But as he later admitted, he saw the inevitability of it quite early. He was just trying to do everything he could to stall our entrance, however.
GROSS: A. Scott Berg will be back in the second half of the show. His new book is called "Wilson." I'm Terry Gross, and this is FRESH AIR.
GROSS: At the end of World War I, when President Wilson couldn't get the Senate to ratify the Treaty of Versailles, creating the League of Nations, he went on a tour to enlist popular support. But he got sick, then had a stroke, which paralyzed half his body. Coming up, A. Scott Berg tells us how that stroke was kept secret. Also, Ken Tucker reveals the volume in the Bob Dylan Bootleg Series.
GROSS: This is FRESH AIR. I'm Terry Gross. We're talking about the new biography of Woodrow Wilson with its author, A. Scott Berg. Wilson was elected president in 1912 and served two terms. His priority when taking office was progressive economic reform - including the creation of the Federal Reserve Bank. World War I forced his agenda to change.
In his first term, he maintained America's neutrality. His campaign slogan - he kept us out of war- helped him get re-elected. But his position changed in his second term.
Eventually, Wilson figures we have - America has to get involved in the war. What changes in his mind that makes war, in Wilson's mind, now the correct thing to do after he avoided it, after he campaigned against getting involved?
BERG: Increasingly, of course, American lives were being lost, so that was definitely a factor.
GROSS: At sea, they were being lost?
BERG: Yes. They were being lost at sea in ships that were being torpedoed, and so innocent Americans were going down. During these years, Wilson is also building up the country through his oratory and he's starting to build up just American morale, getting us ready for the possibility of going to war. And I think in realizing the might of the nation, he began to think of the morality of things too, and this is the moment that really American foreign policy changes big time. And it is almost entirely Woodrow Wilson introducing - imposing, if you will - his own sense of morality. Such that on April 2nd, 1917 - that is just, you know, weeks after Wilson has taken his second presidential oath - he declares in a joint session of Congress that America has to go to war. And the central argument in that speech is: the world must be made safe for democracy.
And essentially, all American foreign policy to this day - and I mean literally today - goes back to that one sentence in that one speech. And I think this was just the growing morality within Wilson, something he always had but he finally brought it to a point where there was a world vision attached to it.
GROSS: So Congress votes to take America to war and you're right, after Wilson wins that vote he weeps.
BERG: He does. Wilson goes back to the White House, goes into his office and just puts his head on the table and just weeps. And his secretary, Joseph Tumulty, who was a witness to that, and he said he just wept like a little boy. Again, I think he knew he was basically signing the death warrants for thousands, hundreds of thousands, maybe millions of men.
GROSS: He gave his now famous 14 points of what America's aims in the war were to be. And the 14th point - the one that he cared most about - was the creation of a League of Nations. And this was basically the predecessor to the U.N. What was his vision for the League of Nations?
BERG: Well, the vision was and still is a mighty one I think, which is that there ought to be an almost Arthurian roundtable, a kind of international parliament at which every country could sit. And in fact, if there's some problem breaking out somewhere in the world they could discuss it preemptively and everyone would agree not to go to war until it has been discussed. And such - if the discussions did not work, there would be actually a notion of collective security. That is to say they would all contribute to a kind of army that would, in essence, police the world when necessary.
This was a real idealistic vision, no question about it. But Wilson said again on more than one occasion, had there been a League of Nations in place in 1914, all those posturing kings and emperors really would not ended up killing each other, going to war, having their nation's devastated. What would've happened is some delegates could have sorted out some bad boundaries that had been settled in 1870-1871.
GROSS: So Wilson becomes one of the main writers of the peace treaty that's approved in Paris, which incorporates his vision for the League of Nations. But in one of the greatest like ironies and heartbreaking scenarios of his life, the U.S. Congress never passes the treaty. We never become a signatory of the treaty; the U.S. never joins the League of Nations. Can you talk about the opposition that the treaty faced in the U.S. Senate?
BERG: It was fearsome. I mean we think partisan politics are bad today - and they are - I don't want to be glib to say they were twice as bad then, but they were pretty terrible. And there was the Republican leader of the Senate who is the dean of the Senate at that point, Henry Cabot Lodge of Massachusetts, I found doing my research that there were documents in which Lodge and a couple of other Republicans were talking about opposing any peace that Wilson brought back from Paris, no matter what it was. I think there was a great sentiment within the Republican Party at that point that basically Wilson, the Democrats, had fought and won the war. So now, by gum, the Republicans were going to win the peace, and so whatever Wilson had was simply not going to fly.
That being said, I think there were certainly a lot of people who in the Republican Party, and even a few in the Democratic Party, who did not wholeheartedly embrace the treaty. It was not a perfect treaty by any means as indeed it entailed 25 nations all contributing to this peace.
What is interesting to me is the United States was the only country that went over to that peace Congress - in the person of Wilson - that didn't have an agenda for itself, that is all the other countries were still fighting for territory, they were still fighting for treasure. Wilson had none of that. Wilson really had 14 points but there was just the one - as you pointed out, the 14th - which was the establishment of a League of Nations. He really did believe this could have been the war to end all wars that we had just fought if only the peace were negotiated correctly.
GROSS: So he decides to take the issue to the American people. And he embarks on a tour, trying to talk up the peace plan to the American people and he gets really sick. He basically has a stroke. He embarks on this tour against his doctor's orders and his doctor is a close friend as well as his doctor. What are the consequences of this stroke?
BERG: The consequences are grave and almost sent him to his grave, in fact. Indeed, everybody advised him against going on this tour, which was a way of, he thought, circumventing the Senate. I mean, he was obviously a student of the American Constitution, so he knew all treaties had to be ratified by the Senate. But he thought if he could get popular support behind him he could have his way. So he went on this 29 city tour and about two thirds of the way through - and this was the dead of summer, I mean the heat was terrible, he was traveling by train, these were the days of un-air-conditioned trains, when they were basically, you know, traveling ovens. And Wilson was just giving speech after speech, sometimes four a day, just to sell the country on his League of Nations, and on the treaty in general. And indeed, just outside of Pueblo, Colorado, after he had delivered a sort of faltering speech for one of the first times in his life, he literally just collapsed on the train and they decided, the doctor just stepped in and said there's no more discussion here, we have to take you back to Washington right away.
GROSS: Physically he's paralyzed on one side as a result of this stroke.
BERG: Yes. He didn't have the stroke on the train, but a few days after returning to Washington, he did have a stroke. It did paralyze his left side. He did not lose powers of speech and really, his mind didn't go. Although, you know, these are earlier days in medicine so it was hard to diagnose everything that was going on. A lot of doctors in the last century have looked at his records and seen first of all, that he had had a series of strokes leading up to this, going as far back as his university professor days. But they're also starting to diagnose other things that may have been going on.
I mean we know strokes, for example, have an effect on a man's emotional life. So if Wilson was having little strokes for years, does that explain some of his abnormal behavior in Paris, for example, when they are writing up the treaty - which is basically redrawing the map of Europe, and finally, one day Woodrow Wilson decides that all the furniture in the room has to be rearranged. He doesn't like the way the green furniture clashes with the purple furniture, and then the incident is all over. But it was really aberrant behavior. And so now here's Wilson suffering physically, emotionally - to some extent we have to presume mentally as well, because even in his extremely compromised physical state, I mean he can barely walk and for months he doesn't get out of bed, but he's already contemplating running for a third term.
GROSS: Yeah, which just struck me as just not only delusional, but unconscionable. I, you know...
BERG: Yeah.
GROSS: I mean when you're unable to function at a presidential level, to consider - or hardly any level, and to consider running for president just seems so unfair to your country. But, after he's incapacitated by this stroke, what you describe as a conspiracy takes over. His wife and his doctors basically agree that no one will know, no one's to know how sick he is, how incapacitated he is, the Cabinet doesn't know. Does his vice president even know?
BERG: For a long time the vice president did not know. And I do characterize it as a conspiracy. I think they considered it a benign conspiracy. It's not as if Mrs. Wilson was Lady Macbeth and was trying to seize power so that she could run the country. It was simply that she saw herself as Mrs. Woodrow Wilson, and the doctors said that any great emotional trauma is really going to affect the president's health. And she decided well, I must do everything to keep anything that might excite him away from him. And, of course, as she also said to one of the doctors, but everything the president does excites the president because that's part of the job is putting out fires all the time. And one of the doctors actually said, you know, he's been training you over the last few years. He's been teaching you a lot about how things work in government and in this White House in particular, and perhaps you could be the gatekeeper, perhaps you could determine who gets in to see the president and who doesn't - which nobody did for months, but you could also read every document that comes across his desk and decide which ones he even considers. So to some degree I'd say she was something between a chief of staff, and well, maybe she was the first female president of the United States. She was certainly - she would say not making decisions, but she was deciding in many ways what the president might decide.
GROSS: So how much of this capacity does Wilson ever get back?
BERG: Well, he was never physically back. He remained hemiplegic for the rest of his life. He walked with a stick. Again, he could still speak, which was quite remarkable, and he could think. But the truth of the matter is he never did bounce back.
GROSS: If you're just joining us, we're talking about Woodrow Wilson. My guest, A. Scott Berg is the author of a new biography of Wilson.
Let's take a short break and then we'll talk some more. This is FRESH AIR.
GROSS: My guest is A. Scott Berg. We're talking about his new biography of Woodrow Wilson.
So Wilson's term ends with him being, you know, kind of incapacitated. Harding gets elected as the next president and Wilson's popularity surges after he's out of office.
BERG: It does. Now part of this had to do with the fact that Harding immediately revealed not only his mediocrity, but a lot less than that. And he died in office a few years later and all sorts of corruption was then revealed. So Wilson, from the day Harding took office, was looking better and better, as Harding became so regressive in so many ways and did everything he possibly could do undo everything Woodrow Wilson had done both economically and internationally. And I think people began to realize, you know, we had just had eight years of Woodrow Wilson, completely incorruptible. There had never been a whiff of scandal. And people were beginning to embrace all these ideals that Wilson had been talking about. He becomes this great symbol of humanity and integrity.
GROSS: I'm wondering, you know, as you watch President Obama trying to convince Congress to approve a resolution to attack Syria because of its use of chemical weapons, do you find yourself thinking at all of Wilson and of Wilson's time? And, I mean, one of the connections is that Syria - Syria is basically created as a country in that Treaty of Versailles that America didn't sign after World War I.
BERG: It's quite amazing. I find myself thinking of Woodrow Wilson every day as I see Obama facing this conflict. It is Wilsonian in so many ways. First of all, as you say, Syria is literally invented as a modern nation at Woodrow Wilson's hand. But we're also dealing with - as Obama is dealing with - the essential Wilsonian question, which is: What does that mean, making the world safe for democracy?
Does that mean that the United States has an obligation to be the world's cop? Are we meant to intervene whenever we see something that we think is immoral? But at the same time, does the United States not have a moral obligation to do something?
GROSS: You took on the biography of Wilson as a great admirer of the man and the president. There are things in Wilson's political life that you find very unfortunate, including his views and policies on race. He was slow to endorse women's suffrage. During World War I, he instituted a lot of very harsh anti-sedition acts, censorship acts.
When he was incapacitated with his stroke, he participated in keeping that a secret from the public and the Congress, and even his vice president. So, now in taking stock of the man and the president, have your opinions changed about him? Do you feel like he's any more or less heroic to you?
BERG: Well, I would say he, in some ways, is more heroic to me, but in some ways he's - in many ways - he's much more flawed than I ever knew. Obviously, the deeper I got into that litany you just recited, the more I didn't like him, didn't approve of what he was doing. He was - became much more stubborn than I ever knew. He was more prudish than I knew.
But all that being said, he became ultimately more human to me. And I try to paint the portrait with all those colors to show this was a deeply flawed human being. That being said, I think his idealism still resonates.
GROSS: Well, Scott Berg, congratulations on the book. Thank you so much for talking with us.
BERG: Thank you very much.
GROSS: A. Scott Berg is the author of a new biography of Woodrow Wilson called "Wilson." You can read an excerpt on our website, freshair.npr.org. Coming up, Ken Tucker reviews the new collection in the Bob Dylan bootleg series which includes demos and outtakes from 1969 to '71. This is FRESH AIR.
TERRY GROSS, HOST: This is FRESH AIR. Bob Dylan's history is being reopened again with the release of "Another Self-Portrait (1969-1971): the Bootleg Series Vol. 10" on Columbia Records. The collection features 35 tracks from the recording sessions for the albums "Self-Portrait," "New Morning" and "Nashville Skyline." Rock critic Ken Tucker says it's a fascinating collection that adds to our appreciation of Dylan's range and ambition.
UNIDENTIFIED MAN: Yeah.
BOB DYLAN: Let's just take this one. You ready? (Singing) I went out last night to take a little round. I met my little Sadie, and I brought her down. I run right home and I went to bed with a 44 smokeless under my head.
KEN TUCKER, BYLINE: In the late 1960s, it wasn't just that Bob Dylan's music was eagerly anticipated. It was music that millions of people pored over for pleasure, for confirmation of their own ideas, and for clues to the state of mind of its creator. In this context, the double-album called "Self-Portrait" arrived in 1970 with a resounding flop.
I don't mean that it was a commercial flop. It sold well. But with its diffident-sounding vocals and some mawkish string section arrangements, "Self-Portrait" just did not fit in with its era, with its moment in pop culture, and in Dylan history - which, in retrospect, seems to have been Dylan's intent.
Now, a new collection includes alternate takes, demos and songs that weren't included in the original double album. What emerges is a self-portrait with more vivid detail and brighter, sharper colors.
DYLAN: (Singing) Sylvie is a good ol' gal from Florida, so they say. She came up here last April to pass some time away. Now, won't you bring me a little water, Sylvie? Bring me a little water now. Bring me a little water, Sylvie, for my tired brow. Sylvie came...
TUCKER: With the passage of time, with the 2004 publication of Dylan's memoir "Chronicles," and from interviews with various musicians involved in the recordings, the material on "Another Self-Portrait" can be understood as deriving from a Dylan trying to slip free from his fame, from a cultish mystique that had only increased since his 1966 motorcycle accident. He retreated, sometimes literally, avoiding, for example, the Woodstock Festival in 1969 in favor of the Isle of Wight Festival a continent away from his home.
And he retreated figuratively, frequently into old songs in the public domain that sparked something in him. The original "Self-Portrait" contained two versions of the song "Alberta," a song made famous by Lead Belly, but it's this third, previously unreleased version of it that turns it into a rollicking blues shuffle. It is replete with, yes, trilling backup singers, yet it also makes a distinction. It conveys an intimacy with music, but not with not with a mass audience.
That was what Dylan was attempting during this period. He found escape, freedom in a performance like this.
DYLAN: (Singing) Alberta, let your hair hang low. Alberta, let your hair hang low. I'll give you more gold than your apron strings can hold if you'll only let your hair hang low.
TUCKER: This collection "Another Self-Portrait" serves a more prosaic function, to be sure, as a souvenir of its time. Thus, we get this genially shambling collaboration between Dylan and George Harrison, a moment of non-transcended meditation with some nice guitar work called "Working on a Guru."
DYLAN: (Singing) Rain all around, windshield wipers moving, water on the ground, sure don't feel like grooving. Working on a guru. Working on a guru. Working on a guru before the sun goes down.
TUCKER: A key to the ongoing allure of Dylan's music is its ability to stand apart from its time. Robbie Robertson is paraphrased in the liner notes here as saying that Dylan would come to the studio with songs that no one could know were his or not, originals or old obscurities from other musicians. Some of the best tunes here are stripped down tracks featuring just Dylan, Al Cooper on keyboards and the guitar work of David Bromberg, himself the creator of an excellent new album called "Only Slightly Mad" that I urge you to seek out.
In 1984, Dylan told Rolling Stone that his thinking at the time of "Self-Portrait" had been, quote, "I want to do something people can't possibly like, that they can't relate to." Well, turns out, he was wrong.
GROSS: Ken Tucker reviewed Dylan's "Another Self-Portrait (1969-1971): The Bootleg Series Vol. 10."
DYLAN: (Singing) Oh, the streets of Rome are filled with rubble. Aged footprints are everywhere. You can almost think that you're seeing double on a cold, dark night by the Spanish Stairs. Got to hurry on back to my hotel room, where I got me a date with a pretty little girl from Greece. She promised she'd be right there with me when I paint my masterpiece.
GROSS: You can download podcasts of our show on our website, freshair.npr.org. You can follow us on Twitter @nprfreshair. Our blog is on Tumblr at nprfreshair.tumblr.com.
Transcripts are created on a rush deadline, and accuracy and availability may vary. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Please be aware that the authoritative record of Fresh Air interviews and reviews are the audio recordings of each segment.


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Act II, Scene 4 A hall in Black-Friars. |
[Trumpets, sennet, and cornets. Enter two Vergers,] [p]with short silver wands; next them, two Scribes, in [p]the habit of doctors; after them, CANTERBURY alone; [p]after him, LINCOLN, Ely, Rochester, and Saint [p]Asaph; next them, with some small distance, follows [p]a Gentleman bearing the purse, with the great seal, [p]and a cardinal's hat; then two Priests, bearing [p]each a silver cross; then a Gentleman-usher [p]bare-headed, accompanied with a Sergeant-at-arms [p]bearing a silver mace; then two Gentlemen bearing [p]two great silver pillars; after them, side by side, [p]CARDINAL WOLSEY and CARDINAL CAMPEIUS; two Noblemen [p]with the sword and mace. KING HENRY VIII takes [p]place under the cloth of state; CARDINAL WOLSEY and [p]CARDINAL CAMPEIUS sit under him as judges. QUEEN [p]KATHARINE takes place some distance from KING [p]HENRY VIII. The Bishops place themselves on each [p]side the court, in manner of a consistory; below [p]them, the Scribes. The Lords sit next the Bishops. [p]The rest of the Attendants stand in convenient [p]order about the stage]
[She curtsies to KING HENRY VIII, and offers to depart]
[Exeunt QUEEN KATHARINE and her Attendants]
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