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Auto Insurance FAQs
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We guarantee our own work, but the insurance company does not have the legal right to guarantee a third party's work.
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It depends on the circumstances. If you were at fault, but have comprehensive or collision insurance, the insurance company would pay the costs minus your deductible. If the other party was at fault, their insurance company should pay.
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If you have purchased rental car coverage and were not responsible for the accident, you may seek reimbursement from the insurance company or, if another driver was responsible for the accident, their insurance company. If you do not have rental car coverage and were responsible for the accident, you have no grounds to ask for reimbursement. If the other driver was liable, you can generally seek reimbursement from their insurance company.
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Retirement FundingTip: Medicare beneficiaries spent an average of $5,503 out of pocket on healthcare in 2013, the most recent year for which figures are available. That includes premiums and costs for things like dental and long-term care, which are not covered by Medicare.
Source: MedicareResources.org, March 20, 2018
About 70% of American workers are confident they will have enough money to pay for medical expenses in retirement.
In a 2018 survey, 30% of all workers reported they were "not too" or "not at all" confident they would have enough money to pay for their medical expenses in retirement.¹
Regardless of whether you're confident or not, it's important to have an idea about how much healthcare may cost in retirement. By putting the costs in better perspective, you might be able to better understand what you can pay for and what you can't.
Health-Care Breakdown
A retired household faces three types of health-care expenses.
- A household may have the expense of premiums for Medicare Part B (which covers physician and outpatient services) and Part D (which covers drug-related expenses). Typically, Part B and Part D are taken out of a person's Social Security check before it is mailed, so the premium cost is often overlooked by retirement-minded individuals.
- The household should expect to pay for co-payments related to Medicare-covered services that are not paid by Medigap or other health insurance.
- The retired household should expect to pay for dental care, eyeglasses, and hearing aids, which are typically not covered by Medicare or other insurance programs.
It All Adds Up
Fast Fact:Nursing Home Costs. The national average rate for a private room in a nursing home is $92,376 a year. The national average rate for a semi-private room in a nursing home is $82,128.
Source: Genworth 2017 Cost of Care Survey
According to a HealthView Services study using 70 million actual cases, a healthy married couple, age 65, can expect healthcare premiums to add up to $321,994 over their lifetime. If you include dental, vision, co-pays, and out-of-pocket costs, the total rises to $404,253.²
For a healthy 55-year-old couple who plans to retire in a decade, the number jumps to $498,962. ³
Should you expect to pay this amount? Possibly. Seeing the results of one study may help you make some critical decisions when creating a strategy for retirement. Without a solid approach, healthcare expenses may add up quickly and alter your retirement spending.
Out-of-Pocket Healthcare Cost
The cost of healthcare for a 65-year-old couple is projected to increase with age.
Age 65 | Age 85 | |
Annual cost | $11,369 | $39,208 |
Monthly cost | $947 | $3,267 |
Source: HealthView Services: 2017 Retirement Health Care Costs Data Report (Costs shown are in future dollars.)
Prepared for the Future?
Workers were asked how much they have saved and invested for retirement — excluding their residence and defined benefit plans.
Employee Benefit Research Institute, 2018 Retirement Confidence Survey.
1. Employee Benefit Research Institute, 2018 Retirement Confidence Survey
2,3. HealthView Services: 2017 Retirement Health Care Costs Data Report (Costs shown are in current dollars.)
The content is developed from sources believed to be providing accurate information. The information in this material is not intended as tax or legal advice. It may not be used for the purpose of avoiding any federal tax penalties. Please consult legal or tax professionals for specific information regarding your individual situation. This material was developed and produced by FMG Suite to provide information on a topic that may be of interest. FMG Suite is not affiliated with the named broker-dealer, state- or SEC-registered investment advisory firm. The opinions expressed and material provided are for general information, and should not be considered a solicitation for the purchase or sale of any security. Copyright 2019 FMG Suite.


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Tuesday, December 23, 2008
The Implicit Christianity of Early Gaming
Granted, the cleric owes the better part of its existence to Hammer horror films, but, if you read OD&D, you can see that the class quickly evolved beyond its origins as a mere vampire hunter-cum-medic. The influence of historical medieval wargaming on the game shouldn't be overlooked. Everyone remembers Chainmail because of its Fantasy Supplement, but Jeff Perren and Gary Gygax didn't write these rules in order to facilitate miniatures battles between dragons and elves but instead to recreate the warfare and technology of the European Middle Ages. Gygax, by his own account, was very keen on medieval history, at least on the military side of things (no doubt the source of his pole arm-philia). Given this, is it any wonder that the armored, mace-wielding cleric bears a strong resemblance to the religious knights of the Crusades?
If you read OD&D carefully, you soon notice that a lot of the paraphernalia associated with clerics has Christian origins. The equipment list, for example, includes wooden and silver crosses, not the "holy symbols" of AD&D and later editions (Interestingly, there are no crucifixes, which I think is significant). The cleric's level titles include a number of specifically Christian terms (vicar, curate, and bishop). The illustrations of clerics in OD&D -- and even early AD&D -- always show them dressed in obviously Christian priestly garb. And of course many of the cleric's spells draw on Christian (and Jewish) religious writings and folklore. Indeed, the cleric's focus on defense and protection spells is, I think, more evidence of the Christian origins of the class. What's even more telling is the fact, even as late as Eldritch Wizardry, there are few (if any) explicit references to gods in OD&D. There's much talk of demons, devils,and, tellingly, saints, but gods aren't much talked about until Supplement IV's release in 1976.
I once asked Gary Gygax directly about the question of why this was so and he explained that he felt it unseemly to include anything too explicitly Christian in a mere game, even if he assumed a kind of quasi-Christian or crypto-Christian underpinning for the whole thing. This is also why his demons and devils used somewhat obscure names rather than very familiar ones. All the old school love for statting up Satan/Lucifer was something Gary didn't feel was proper. It's the same reason why, even in late AD&D, we get planetars, solars, and devas but never "angels." Interestingly, the original Blackmoor campaign, as I understand it, had a Church, complete with a hierarchy, but no named gods. Again -- and someone can correct me if I'm mistaken on this -- there's an assumption of a quasi-Christianity lurking in the background.
Reading Chivalry & Sorcery as I have been, there's a bit more explicit assumption of Christianity there, but it's still stated in a somewhat circuitous fashion -- an oddity given the great detail given to things like ecclesiastical structures, beliefs, relics, and so on, not to mention the lengthy bestiaries of demons (including Lucifer himself). In the case of C&S, the impression I get is that its authors simply assumed that their readers wanted their games to include lots of quasi-Christianity, since it was more "realistic" than the henotheism of most fantasy RPGs. I know that, in my early days of gaming, my friends and I all tacitly assumed that clerics were Christian priests -- heck, I thought monks were as well -- and that, somewhere, behind all the monsters and magic, the Lord of Hosts was lurking.
We never really talked about this assumption or dealt with it in any direct way, but we neither did we question it. It was an odd kind of Christ-less Christianity, more concerned with laying the smackdown on evil than with turning the other cheek or taking up one's cross, except in the most vague of senses. The paladin was an unambiguously Christian knight for us and indeed Lawful Goodness we associated with this unspoken religion that had bishops and cathedrals and holy water and everything else a young boy saw as being "essential" to medieval Christendom.
As time went on and our sense of D&D changed, this implicit Christianity became less important, but it never fully faded away, because it just seemed to us that there was just no other way to look at the cleric and the paladin except in the context of quasi-Christianity. Nowadays, I'm probably too immersed in swords-and-sorcery to fall into this perspective again, but I am now more firmly convinced than ever that early gaming, far from being "pagan," was in fact shot through with Christian belief, practice, and lore. It was always a kind of "fairytale Christianity" broadly consonant with American generic Protestantism rather than anything more muscular, but it was there and it's never really died, even if all the post-1e editions of D&D have tried to varying degrees to remove all evidence of it. I find it fascinating to remember this, if only because, as I spin off in flights of pulp fantasy fancy, it's good to be reminded that D&D owes its origins to more than just that style of fantasy and is in fact a goulash of unspoken and contradictory inspirations.
34 comments:
Ever check out "Fantasy Wargaming," by Bruce Galloway, a small hardcover RPG-like thing which seemed to be mostly a knockoff/reimagining of C&S? It had an explicit Christianity, but not a Christian metaphysics... religion was subsumed into its magical system, so that saints and God were critters who accumulated magical energy from prayers. Plainly, it's what Gary wanted D&D *not* to be.
I always found the whole thing simulateously fascinating and appalling. The rules are crap, and I never quite figured out how to play it, for better or for worse.I still own a copy of the book and remain as inexplicably fascinated by it now as I was a teenager. It's just so ... odd. I keep wanting to dismiss it forever and laugh at it for the nonsense it mostly is, but something prevents me from doing so, as if I intuit there are hidden depths to it.
Crazy, I know.Interesting post. In the campaign I'm setting up, I've decided that clerics are going to explicitly be Christian priests, perhaps some sort of specific Templar-type group that are looked upon with great suspicion by the main (spell-less) church hierarchy.
I have the feeling that just called them Christian will mean fewer players will choose to be a cleric (I game with an eclectic bunch!), but we shall see.There is not a huge degree of difference between the implicit pseudo Judeo-Christianity of Dungeons & Dragons and historical monotheistic paganism/animism [typically Zeus as the source of all divinity or ultimate godhead and other divinities reflections of his being], which is itself only a short distance from Tolkien's cosmology for Middle Earth.
Initially, I was inclined to run D&D in a dualistic manner with equally powerful good and evil deities sponsoring paladins and anti-paladins. Later I became dissatisfied with that, and gravitated more towards Tolkien's approach, which I saw reflected in Ao in the Forgotten Realms. I found Saint Augustine's City of God very helpful in this regard.As an aside to this discussion, I remember seeing Paizo's Kyra for the first time last summer in one of their Pathfinder modules. She's a cleric with definite Middle-eastern flavor. I was dumbstruck with the notion that cleric could be vaguely Islamic/Egyptian in appearance.
Kyra artwork and profile
Of course, I shouldn't have been. I've seen lizard folk clerics for Pete's sake--so this shouldn't have come as a surprise. And yet, the imagery made me think exactly what James has mentioned here. That clerics in my understanding, by-in-large, have always held crosses.
I rather like the Kyra model BTW. It sort of reinvigorated me to reconsider playing one in the future. (I'd long given up on them for the reasons James stated above).Isn't the cross explicitly described as a 'symbol of Lawful Good' in the Vampire entry of the Monster Manual too?
The Christian underpinnings of AD&D were always fairly obvious, I think - its hard to imagine anyone thinking otherwise. DCS' clerics as Knights Templar in particular made this very clear to me even as a twelve year old.Care to elaborate? I think I understand where you're going with this one, but I'm curious to see if I'm right.
It has been a long while since I first read it (getting on for a decade I now realise!), but I believe I mainly derived use from Augustine's outlining of Varro's theological arguments (particularly attempts to portray Jove and God as equivalents) and his own rebuttals; his various discourses concerning the nature and role of angels and demons, as well as discussion of fate and free will, also come to mind (though in the case of the latter I probably found more of use in Boethius' Consolation of Philosophy).
In short, potential (and workable) answers to the vexing questions that occur when one considers the possibility of an omnipotent creator deity, and a number of alternatives for integrating one or multiple polytheistic pantheons into a monotheistic universe.
Trying to be succinct about that was no easy task, so apologies if I lost the thread of what I was saying!IIRC in the Blackmoor game the established church was The Church of the Facts of Life (which preached the Doctrines of Wishy-Washiness and met sin "with a great Tsk-Tsking all around." In effect it functioned in entirely the same manner as the medieval Christian church, but without the implicit impiety of making religion into a game.
[IIRC there was no Adversary or such-like, although there were a number of evil cults and such (hence the idea of the Evil High Priest rather than Anti-Patriarch).
There was little in the way of metaphysical arguments or conflict. Any acts of conflict where entirely earthly in nature.]
Chivalry & Sorcery is set in historical medieval Europe, making ignoring Christianity an impossible task. However other religions are detailed in the various supplements. However the portrayal of actual deities and such, and the metaphysics involved in having deities take an active role in the game, was well outside the scope of the game (one of the supplement's contains Ed's essay on suchlike in role-playing generally - he was against it).
Early Ars Magica handled this idea well and captured the medieval spirit much better than most of the old school games, with the idea of Faerie and Dominion Auras (and Devils wanting to seduce and win souls rather than be ravaging engines of destruction). [Although the White Wolf team really messed things up when they then attempted to quantify this in Pax Dei - which probably was the most detested and ridiculed supplement ever produced.] There was always a distinction between magic and miracles (extremely rare).
Most early games of my aquaintance were very much Sword & Sorcery, where religion (especially the metaphysical parts) was effectively ignored. If it had a role it was as an isolated temple or cult, rather than having some metaphysical import.It is also worth taking note of the fact that in Gygax's Greyhawk there were no "racial" deities per say:
I was interested to discover this, as before I was aware that it was the case I had already abandoned the idea of racial deities as unsuitable.Bear in mind, too, that many if not most of the cleric spells (and some magic items) have their basis in either Biblical miracles or in the tales of the Saints' lives. Create food and water, all the various healings, sticks to snakes...
On the other hand, in the original Greyhawk campaign, we are told that there were two chief Lawful churches, rivals of one another. They eventually morphed into the faiths of Pholtus and St. Cuthbert, but there was apparently much good-natured fun in such things as "O Blinding Light" being the theme song of one of them.Excellent post, and I could not agree more strongly. Similar to my blog post from last year here:
I think I experienced this more as a contradiction, and therefore more psychic pain, the you apparently did. Having started when AD&D was already out, I already had things like Supplement IV and Deities & Demigods, with EGG claiming in the preface that it was integral to the work of AD&D.
So having a Cleric class with Catholic-style level titles and Biblical spells, but no Church and only lists of pagan gods, confused the heck out of me for 2 decades.
It took finally accessing OD&D in early 2007 to see this origin that you're talking about, and finally see the originally Crusader priest that later evolved into paganism.
But it still never fit well, and I feel all the way through AD&D there was a fissure between the trappings/powers and the presumed society/context that I could never resolve in either direction. It was at odds with every pulp/fantasy piece of literature I could think of. It even always brought my world-building attempts to a grinding halt (see linked blog).
The one thing I can see in OD&D is the assumption of a medieval European Crusading priest (Vol. 1), who happens to delve into areas with a lot of surviving lost Classical Greek monsters (Vol. 2). But that's not like any of the published D&D campaign settings, nor any fantasy world I can think of, so for me the D&D cleric really has to go.I've somewhat resolved the contradiction in my current campaign setting by making LG Clerics priests of the Unconquered Sun - Sol Invictus - in a setting loosely based on dark ages western Europe, with obvious heavy Christian as well as Zoroastrian influences. This way they can be both 'Christian' and 'pagan' at the same time.
ReplyDeleteAmong the aspects of C&S that initially appealed to me were its treatments of clerics and the Church. Lee Gold turned that model to good effect in her Samurai spin-off Land of the Rising Sun.
As a player, I recall taking Friar Tuck as my first model for PCs.
There's a definite Gygaxian emphasis on the medieval (and especially late medieval) in D&D and AD&D. The game can be awkward to fit to the Hyborian Age -- but it well suits the World of Greyhawk!Theology was a gaping hole in the "folio" edition of Greyhawk, and I'm pretty wedded to my initial impression of a medieval kind of thing.
It makes it easier to lay down the (canon) law for Clerics! "Hey, the Reformed Latter-Day Young of Shub-Niggurath let you use some cool weapons. Plus, they offer Pilates training and hymns with drum solos ..."
If you're grooving that way, then let's play RuneQuest!- AnonymousDecember 24, 2008 at 3:25 PM
Gary's early world of Greyhawk was a fantasy version of the medieval Earth (complete with a China on the other side of the planet and the planet Mars in the sky). It would make sense that in the OD&D rules the clerics are quasi-Christians.
M. A. R. Barker's Empire of the Petal Throne (EPT) was published by TSR only 18 months after D&D was published. The world of EPT is explicitly an alien planet tens of thousands of years in the future. It therefore makes sense that EPT has an explicit polytheistic system of 20 gods. Trying to be succinct about that was no easy task, so apologies if I lost the thread of what I was saying!
Not to worry. It's been a while since I cracked open De Civitate Dei myself, so my own memory is just as hazy. My own assumption was that you were talking about the notion of an all-powerful Creator and many lesser (but themselves created) beings, some of whom pass themselves off as gods in their own right. I could easily see a fantasy setting where that situation obtained and it'd allow for the appearance of polytheism with the underlying metaphysics of montheism.It is also worth taking note of the fact that in Gygax's Greyhawk there were no "racial" deities per say:
This is something I did know and approve of highly. I dislike racial pantheons in fantasy settings and much prefer to see the same gods worshiped across many races/cultures, albeit with slight tweaks to reflect differing perspectives.On the other hand, in the original Greyhawk campaign, we are told that there were two chief Lawful churches, rivals of one another. They eventually morphed into the faiths of Pholtus and St. Cuthbert, but there was apparently much good-natured fun in such things as "O Blinding Light" being the theme song of one of them.
I've caught inklings of this from published materials and comments here and there from the old guys, but I never knew the specifics. Is there any more to this you can share?There's a definite Gygaxian emphasis on the medieval (and especially late medieval) in D&D and AD&D. The game can be awkward to fit to the Hyborian Age -- but it well suits the World of Greyhawk!
Absolutely. I find it hard to leave the Gygaxian medieval emphasis behind, because it's deeply ingrained in how I viewd D&D, but I'm slowly coming round to different approaches and I'm finding that they agree with me -- even if Greyhawk will always been an unconscious influence on how I view a "proper" D&D setting.What's even more telling is the fact, even as late as Eldritch Wizardry, there are few (if any) explicit references to gods in OD&D. There's much talk of demons, devils,and, tellingly, saints, but gods aren't much talked about until Supplement IV's release in 1976.
Actually, not entirely true. While *Demons* are mentioned, *Devils* are not at all, in any of the supplements or in the "Monsters & Treasure" assortments. Plenty of Demons in the latter, but no Devils. Creatures of a diabolic nature appear to be a strictly AD&D invention.Nice! I never noticed that before - thanks for the correction! Also interesting to note that some demons had 10-, 12- and even 20 sided hit dice, though there were some typos in the table that made it hard to tell which demons had which hit die types (not to mention "% in Laie" - gads, didn't anybody ever proofread this stuff?)
ReplyDeleteagain, really interesting to see how many people have given thought to something that's given me trouble over the years . . .
sometimes good game-mechanics make bad theology and although I usually played games that felt like Christian Europe in the Middle Ages (rather than: "what if the worship of the Norse pantheon had continued and nevertheless led to the construction of cities and librairies") it never felt right to say, "Sorry, you're X level so God only grants your prayers X times a day."
In dealing with this, I've relied partly on Tolkien-- elven gods are worshipped by humans via intercessionary human saints.- AnonymousDecember 26, 2008 at 9:02 PM
I don't have much to add to this discussion but general approval and disquiet: England is a much less Christian place than the US, so D&D's Christian roots caused less fuss and less head-scratching there, I think, while deracinating the cleric was correspondingly easier. Also...
D&D ...is in fact a goulash of unspoken and contradictory inspirations.
No kidding! I think of it as a relentless gumbo: something you can't possibly expect to deal with in its entirety at a single sitting - like half a dozen half-worlds not even glued together. It always amazes me that people try to swallow the whole thing and play it as a single game.
I was dumbstruck with the notion that cleric could be vaguely Islamic/Egyptian in appearance.
This is where the peculiar blindness of Crusader ideology bites back at the gonzo gumbo side of D&D, though: Nestorians? Copts? It's a remarkably narrow-minded free-for-all, in some ways. I'm intrigued by the idea of strict (Christian or Islamic) iconoclasm meeting D&D: no Holy Symbols, no talking statues.
finally see the originally Crusader priest that later evolved into paganism.
...and what the hell is one to make of druids, after all that? Yes, they kind of existed in medieval England and France, perhaps, although certainly not in the Gothic-Revival form in which they're generally imagined today. Tolkien's drawings are very revealing for reading his books: they're William Morris through and through. There's something reassuring about knowing you're dealing with a specifically Victorian version of the authentically historico-mythic. I'm not sure we can rely on Sutherland to provide the same service, or if we did, just what kind of game we'd actually be playing.
richard Not to worry. It's been a while since I cracked open De Civitate Dei myself, so my own memory is just as hazy. My own assumption was that you were talking about the notion of an all-powerful Creator and many lesser (but themselves created) beings, some of whom pass themselves off as gods in their own right. I could easily see a fantasy setting where that situation obtained and it'd allow for the appearance of polytheism with the underlying metaphysics of montheism.
Indeed, and that is more or less the Tolkien model, but I have found that it is more fun to leave things ambiguous (at least as far as the players are concerned), presenting several theological models that may overlap and disagree in their specifics in various ways. Discrete and absolute answers take all the mystery out of an adventurous mythology!Delta:
"The one thing I can see in OD&D is the assumption of a medieval European Crusading priest (Vol. 1), who happens to delve into areas with a lot of surviving lost Classical Greek monsters (Vol. 2). "
I think this is a great basis for a campaign, BTW.
I notice that earlier D&D sources have frequent references to 'pagans', 'pagan deities' and such, eg Greyhawk's "Plains of the Paynims (pagans)". Yet never any specific reference to a monotheist PC religion. For Greyhawk I'm thinking that making most of the good deities, at least the Oeridian ones, servants (saints & godlings) of a higher Creator 'God' Power might resolve this somewhat.


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Party Wall Surveyors Sedgley West Midlands
The UK's top independent Rights of Light, Daylight & Sunlight, Party Wall and Building Consultancy practice Party Wall Surveyors Sedgley West Midlands.
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From WikiFur, the furry encyclopedia.
Welcome to WikiFur! Thank you for registering an account - we look forward to working with you. Let us know if you need any help not already provided. If you would like help creating an article or just editing it, don't hesitate to consult the Furry Book of Style or just contact an administrator. Have a nice day! :-) --Higgs Raccoon 21:42, 10 December 2008 (UTC)


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Apollo 11 Plaque
Modern humans create permanent drawings
What kind of animal do you think this charcoal figure represents? Some people believe the hind legs are human. This stone plaque is one of several carried into Apollo 11 Rock Shelter in Namibia where they were discovered in 1969 (when the first spacecraft - Apollo 11 - landed on the moon). Radiocarbon and other dating methods confirm that the cave layer that contained this plaque is between 60,000 and 40,000 years old.


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Now you can get each corner of your vehicle looking and performing at its very best. Eibach´s PRO-STREET-S, stainless steel-bodied coilover spring/damper packages allow serious drivers the ability to quickly adjust the ride height and corner weight of each individual wheel, giving them the ultimate in flexibility for precise street and track tuning.
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Improved Peripheral Vision in Athletes
Good peripheral vision is a commonly overlooked attribute in great athletes. Some say peripheral vision gave Wayne Gretzky his incredible on-ice awareness. Peripheral vision helps race car drivers know when to pour on the speed and allows baseball players to tag a runner out as he slides into third. Peripheral vision is important to your game too, no matter what sport you play.
Peripheral vision is the area of vision 3 degrees outside of central vision that you use to see items directly in front of your eyes. Peripheral vision can be described as everything you can see just outside of your direct line of site.
Central Vision vs Peripheral Vision
The human brain uses central vision for clarity and color. The athlete's brain uses central vision to connect the racket to the tennis ball, for example. An optometrist will check an athlete's central vision as well as his or her peripheral vision.
Your brain uses peripheral vision to detect your own movement and the movement of items around you. Because of the eye-brain connection, peripheral vision is directly associated with anticipation and reaction speed. Your brain also uses peripheral vision to determine the shape of objects near you. This helps a soccer player tell the difference between the ball and another player as they come into his central vision.
Good peripheral vision is essential to self-preservation. The risk for injury in contact sports is greater when the athlete is not aware of the hit he or she is about to take. A boxer, for example, can turn his head away from an opponent's oncoming glove. Making regular trips to an optometrist to check peripheral vision health reduces your risk for serious injury when playing sports.
It is impossible to expand your peripheral vision beyond 180 degrees but routine optometry care can improve your peripheral awareness. Optometry associations recommend checking each eye individually for peripheral vision as part of a regular sports eye exam. According to industry research, peripheral vision training should be tailored to the particular sport the athlete plays.
Athletes of all levels, from beginners to professionals, should have complete eye testing by a qualified optometrist. Peripheral vision tests should be a part of yearly exams. Highly qualified optometrists can also provide sports-specific peripheral vision training to improve performance and reaction time while reducing injury rates. Contact your local optometrist today to learn more about good peripheral vision in athletes.
American Optometric Association Sports Vision Section: An Athlete's Eyesight: What You Need to Know When Conducting Pre-Season Vision Tests
Why Peripheral Vision Matters
Good peripheral vision reduces injury, improves anticipation, and increases reaction speed in athletes. Optometrists test for visual acuity in the peripheral field of vision and can even provide peripheral vision awareness training to improve performance and safety. All athletes should have regular eye exams that test peripheral vision as part of standard optometric care. Contact a local optometrist to learn more about peripheral vision testing and training today.


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We consider the statutory residence test and outline rules and records required. If you live in the Knodishall area we, at MBS Accountancy Services Ltd, can provide advice on your individual circumstances.
The concept of residence in the United Kingdom is fundamental to the determination of UK tax liability for any individual.
The Statutory Residence Test (SRT) provides, through a series of tests, a definitive process to determine the UK residence status of any individual. That status applies for income tax, capital gains tax and inheritance tax purposes.
Once that status has been established then other rules determine the extent of an individual's liability to UK taxes. These other rules may include not just UK statute but also double tax treaties with other countries. These rules are not covered in this factsheet.
The SRT relies heavily on the concept of counting 'days of presence' in the UK in the relevant tax year and so it is important to understand what this term means. The basic rule is a day of presence is one where the individual was in the country at midnight. There are two exceptions to this:
A further rule applies where an individual has been resident in the UK in at least one of the three previous tax years and has at least three 'ties' with the UK. It will then be necessary to add to the total of 'midnight days' the excess over 30 of any other days where the individual spent any time at all in the UK.
The SRT is based on a series of three tests which must be considered in a particular order in every case. The tests are applied to the facts in the 'relevant tax year' i.e. the year for which residence status is being determined:
The detailed conditions relating to each test are discussed below. There are further tests which only apply if the individual has died in the year but these are not dealt with here.
There are three possible tests in the AOT and if an individual satisfies any one of these they will be not resident in the UK in the relevant tax year. The conditions are that the individual:
The first two tests are simply based on a day count and ignore the existence of other factors such as other links with the UK like the availability of accommodation in the UK.
There are conditions for the third test which need to be considered by those planning to go abroad to work either as an employee or on a self-employed basis. Obviously the days of presence and the working days must be considered carefully. In addition it should be noted that:
HMRC will expect evidence to be provided if it is claimed that the time limit for a working day has not been exceeded.
The way in which the subsequent tests are structured mean that it is really important that a working expatriate can pass the AOT and be treated as not resident otherwise they are likely to find a real problem under the later tests.
If the AOT is not met then the individual must next consider the conditions of the ART. This test will be satisfied if any of the following apply to the individual for the relevant tax year:
The 'home' test may be of real significance because, if that test applies, the number of days in the UK is irrelevant. The legislation makes clear that a home can be a building or part of a building and can include a vessel or vehicle. It must have a degree of permanence or stability to count as a home but specific circumstances may have to be considered. If the individual also has a home or homes abroad, the second test above will not apply if the person spends more than 30 days at each home abroad in the tax year.
If no conclusive answer to residence status has arisen under the first two tests, the individual must then look at how the STT applies to them for the relevant tax year. The test will be satisfied if the individual has sufficient UK ties for that year. This will depend on two basic conditions:
The STT reflects the principle that the more time someone spends in the UK, the fewer connections they can have with the UK if they want to be not resident. It also incorporates the principle that residence status should adhere more to those who are already resident than to those who are not currently resident.
Under the STT an individual compares the number of days of presence in the UK against five connection factors. Individuals who know how many days they spend in the UK and how many relevant connection factors they have can then assess whether they are resident.
The five ties are summarily set out as:
An individual who has been resident in the UK in any of the three preceding tax years must consider all five ties and they will be resident if any of the following apply:
An individual who has not been resident in any of the three preceding years must consider all the ties apart from the country tie and they will be resident in any of the following situations:
The SRT rules are adapted where an individual is an 'international transport worker' This is defined as someone who:
In either case substantially all the journeys must be across international boundaries. The individual has to be present on board the respective carrier as it makes international journeys in order to provide those services.
An individual who has some duties on purely domestic journeys will still be regarded as within the definition if the international duties are substantial (probably at least 80%).
Where an individual falls within this group the implications for the SRT are (broadly) that the individual:
The basic rule will be that if an individual satisfies the conditions of the SRT to be treated as resident for a part of the UK tax year then they are resident for the whole of that year. Special rules will apply in certain circumstances to allow a year of arrival or departure to be split into resident and non-resident parts as appropriate. We shall be pleased to discuss whether your plans or circumstances will be eligible for such treatment.
The government wants to ensure that individuals are not able to exploit the rules to become not resident for a short period during which they receive certain types of income or make capital gains. Basically an individual with a history of at least four out of the previous seven years as a sole UK resident will need to maintain not resident status for at least five UK tax years otherwise certain income and all capital gains made in the period of absence will become taxable in the UK in the next year in which they are resident.
Careful planning is essential to ensure you understand the implications of the Statutory Residence test. If you live in the Knodishall area we, at MBS Accountancy Services Ltd, would be happy to discuss this issue with you. Please contact us if you would like further advice.
A review of measures for UK businesses and individuals.
Details of the Spring Budget 2024. Our summary focuses on the key issues.
Factsheets covering a range of relevant accountancy and business topics.


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As a collector or even growing up as a kid we all had that moment where that one Missile or that one sword went missing. As a collector we were one plastic star away from completing our set. We all at one point or another have been stuck between a rock and a hard place. Well it's time to dip into The Armory your one stop shop for all your action figure accessory needs
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Biodiversity is a recent word. It was used for the first time in Washington in 1986 by an entomologist (Edward O. Wilson) and can be a misunderstood topic. In actual fact it should be a simple concept, because at its essence, it signifies nature, life itself, and the diversity of life on many levels – from the smallest and most basic (genes – the building blocks of life) to animal and plant species, up to the most complex levels (ecosystems). All these levels intersect and influence each other and each other's evolution.
Studies from the University of Stanford have compared the species and varieties of an ecosystem to rivets that hold an airplane together. If we remove the rivets, for a while nothing will happen and the airplane will continue to operate. But little by little the structure will weaken and, at a certain point, just removing one rivet will cause the plane to crash.
In the history of the planet, everything has a beginning and an end, and in every era, many species have become extinct. But never at the horrifying rate of recent years, one that is a thousand times greater than previous eras.
This summer after a thorough study of many years, the prestigious University of Exeter in England declared that the earth is undergoing its sixth mass extinction (with the fifth, 65 million years ago, the dinosaurs disappeared).
Yet there is a substantial difference between this and the extinctions of the past: the cause. For the first time man is responsible. Man continues to destroy rainforests, cement the land, pollute waters and grounds with chemical pesticides and fertilizers, and accumulate plastic in the oceans. And he insists on excluding the earth's last custodians: those small-scale farmers, shepherds and fishers that know and respect the fragile equilibrium of nature.
Slow Food started its work with biodiversity in 1997 and our foot in the door – that since the beginning has given us a unique perspective – was food.
If biodiversity disappears what will happen to our food?
Together with the plants and wild animals, the plants domesticated by man, breeds selected (for milk or meat) will also disappear. According to the FAO, 75% of plant varieties have been irreversibly lost. In the USA the figure is 95%. Today 60% of the world's food is based on three cereals: wheat, rice and corn. Not on the thousands of rice varieties selected by farmers that once were cultivated in India and China, or on the thousands of varieties of corn that were grown in Mexico, but on the few hybrid varieties selected and sold to farmers by a handful of multinationals.
Slow Food's first intuition was this: look after domestic biodiversity. Meaning not just the panda or the seal, but also the Gascon chicken and the Alpago lamb; not just the edelweiss, but also the violet asparagus from Albenga.
But not just this. We became interested in taste and the knowledge connected to it, and traditional techniques of breeding, growing, and processing. And this led us to our second intuition: on our Ark of Taste – a catalogue of products to save – we have also included transformed foods: breads, cheese, cured meats, sweets. Because this is also biodiversity.
Once we had identified our field of action, how did we work? We linked diverse worlds that normally didn't interact: farmers, cooks, veterinarians, journalists… In order to achieve two objectives:
1 – Help small-scale farmers:
To save a breed, we didn't start from genetic selection; to save an apple variety, we didn't start from a collection of varieties. Instead, we began by seeking out the shepherds that bred that certain breed, the farmers that still cultivated that apple, and we went and spoke to them. With this crucial step, the Presidia project was launched, that today is supporting producers in every corner of the world.
2 – Raise awareness about biodiversity:
We need to work with producers and experts, but also with schools, journalists, restaurant and so on. We need to write and tell these stories of producers with every tool at our disposal, because these themes transcend university lecture halls and scientific institutions, and become the heritage of us all.
Biodiversity can't be saved by scientists alone, nor by the powerful of the world, because it is of no interest to the market. And it's probable that Noah won't be arriving with his Ark.
This battle, therefore, is one that needs to be taken up by us, together with all the people we manage to involve, on our lands, every day – with our Ark of Taste, Presidia, Earth Markets, community and school gardens, and the thousands of other ideas still to come.
Because the battle to save biodiversity isn't like any other battle.
It's the battle for the life of our planet.
Serena Milano
Slow Food Foundation for Biodiversity General Secretary
You can play an active role in saving your local biodiversity by nominating a product to the Ark of Taste, our catalogue of endangered foods.


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Kpop-Inspired Brown Eyed Girls Abracadabra Monolid Makeup
10:41 PMHello everyone! I hope you all had a wonderful Thanksgiving for those of you who celebrate it. I had a great time relaxing (for once) and spending time with both sides of my family. I didn't partake in the Black Friday madness other than ordering a new Canon XSi DSLR from newegg for a huuuge Christmas splurge. It'll be my very first dslr and I'm so excited to see how it'll take photos! I'm definitely a newbie to the photography scene so anyone with good tips, please let me know in the comments! :D
I know a lot of you have been looking forward to seeing an "inspired" look, so I decided to do the makeup of a Korean music video that I fell in love with as soon as I saw it. For those of you who aren't into the whole kpop scene, "Abracadabra" from Brown Eyed Girls has been a very popular and controversial video. It's a very sexy take for Korea since the whole culture tends to be very conservative when it comes to female sexuality.
I personally think the video is filmed really beautifully gritty and the dancing is addictive. I find myself dancing to it throughout the day. You'll see a bit of my dorky dancing if you watch the vid. Don't worry, I don't take myself seriously AT ALL so please don't take it seriously either. ;)
The thing that caught my attention is Son Ga-In's eye makeup (ok, and her legs too but MOSTLY her makeup). It's a striking smokey eye that is winged out at the sides. Gain is known for her small, horizontally wide eyes and this makeup looks stunning on her. Total win for the monolid girls! If you've ever felt afraid to do smokey eyes and you have monolids, seriously try this look because it's so flattering!
So here is my take on the look:
I really want to apologize for the giant rock of a zit on my chin. This was just before I was going to the dermatologist again and my skin is doing much better now. XD But I'm a trooper. Post, I must!
Here is what I used for the look:
* Too Faced Shadow Insurance
* NYX Jumbo Eye Pencil in Black Bean
* Stila Barbie All Doll'd Up Eyeshadow Palette (charcoal color)
* MAC Fluidline in Blacktrack
* Mac Carbon eyeshadow (matte black)
* Mac Shroom eyeshadow (highlight)
* Anastasia Brows in Bloom kit
* Urban Decay 24/7 pencil in Zero (black)
* Shiseido Eyelash Curler
* Covergirl Lash Exact mascara
* Rock & Republic Contrived Pressed Blush in Call Me
* NYX Round Lipstick in Circe (nude lipstick)
* Yves Saint Laurent Rouge Volupte lipstick in #13 Peach Passion
I know my eyes are rounder than hers are but I still think the look came out nicely! It's really refreshing to see a smokey eye that actually looks better on girls with smaller eyes, don't you think?
In any case, here is my obligatory pic spam and attempt to look as rockstar and Gain-ish as possible.
Here is my most-resembling Gain pic from the set, in my opinion. LOL. Okay, so my whimsical expression isn't quite her perfection but I tried! The light washing out my face helps a little. XD
Looking a little more my normal color here with my fun Patricia Field half-gloves.
Close-up on the eyes
With closed eyes, you can see the sideways teardrop shape. Highest arch of the shadow is near the inner corner compared to other looks.
Trying to be artistic with the backlit shot.
Blogging is serious business.
Okay, that's all!
La-la-la-let me know in the comments what your favorite kpop vid is and what makeup look you'd like me to make future tutorials on. This inspired thing was pretty fun so I definitely want to do more! Oh, and tell me one thing you are THANKFUL for! :D
Mwah, love you all and have a great weekend!
79 comments
- AnonymousNovember 27, 2009 at 10:50 PM
omg you are so charming! I love it - the tutorial video, the pics, YOU... you're so likeable! new fan here!
ReplyDelete haha the dance in the beginning was so cute (: i really like the smoky eye, it's definitely one of my favorites. i think it's something that monolid girls can really pull off (:
ga-in is such gorgeous girls (and yes, those legs!)
the video is very addictive, makes me want to learn korean if i can look that hot!
x- Judy chiangNovember 27, 2009 at 11:49 PM
Hi Jen, Love your tutorial. It is very detail and helpful. In the future I hope to see some tutorial video about Honey Lee's eye makeup.
Judy hi jen~
i've been a silent reader/follower since i found your blog a couple months back, but i thought i'd comment finally. :)
i love your tutorial for this look. i'm pretty newb to makeup so i've been trying to follow tutorials of other monolid blog/vlog-gers to get this look, but all have failed. =/ but i might try yours. :P
for other "inspired" looks to try out (if you can/want to), i especially liked dara's eye look in 2ne1's "fire (space version)" music video if it's possible for you to do a tut on that. :P
and i totally agree. ga-in was too hot in "abracadabra". i have a girl crush on her bc of that mv. hahaha :P
have a great day~omg i love this song! i think the mv is really sexy :)
and i love your take on the makeup! i have double lids but im sure i can still do that look!
thanks for doing it! <3yay for Abracadabra! Ga-in unnie's eye's are really pretty and I really <3 ur tutorial! This is something i really want to try ^^
do you think you could make a tutorial for Park Bom's make up from 2ne1, because i love how the way her eyes look. thank you so much <3 <3 <3 <3 <3HELLO :D
i absolutely love your make up tutorials, learnt so much from them!
i've always had difficulty with eye shadow (especially because i'm monolid too) but, not anymore yay!
anyway i really like this particular tutorial, awesome stuff!This was an awesome tutorial!!! It suits you so well. Haha I love your dance in the beginning it's so cute. I really like Sandara Park's video for her song Kiss. I love her eyes at the end of the video where she gets Lee Min Ho back badly. XD Actually I love the whole look, make-up and outfit. I think she's adorable in the video. If you could do a tutorial for her eyes at the end of the video that would be great, and I think you'd have fun with it!! Thanks for the Abracadabra tutorial I'm definitely going to try it out since I have monolids. =)
Here's Sandara's video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R6IpdAN5RI8HAHAHA why are you so cute Jen XD
Small, horizontally wide eyes! Who is that Son Ga-In girl I am gonna make her my idol lol.
So gonna play around with this look tomorrow. Don't have the exact black colors you use but I believe any black would do?
My fav kpop girl band is 2NE1 and so far their Fire vid is my fav :D I would ask you to do any one of their dark eyeliner looks but maybe a subtler version since I don't think I can pull it off without looking like a serious emo lol.OMG I love that video!! Ga-in's look there is actually the pic I took to my stylist when I got my haircut. I love her - so cute and sexy at the same time. I wish I looked half as good as she does in that video.
Love your tutorial too! You're so cute Jen! The dance is definitely addictive. :DI HAVE been wondering how Ga-In does her eye makeup since everyone has been joking around saying that Ga-In's eye makeup takes a rocket scientist to perfect. I guess it doesn't, since you did it so well! (but in a sense, you're a "rocket scientist" in your own right. ;D)
Any make up style...whoa, I don't think I have much idea. But I also like to see different ways to draw on eyeliner, so any unique kpop eyeliner look would be awesome!
Amazing job, Jen. ^0^AHA Now I know what was this video! I've seen it once before but never after that. (I don't watch Korean girl bands....only some guys LOL) The dancing is so hilarious! HEHEHE
And in You're beautiful the guys were dancing this and I was wondering where I had seen it LOL
Son GaIn is soo pretty! *.* But i like the other girl too, the one with the orange piece on her shoulder.
err I'm terribly incoherent, sorry!
Anyway, you look good with this smokey eyes!^.^ And the zit...I tried to see it (since you mentioned) but couldn't catch it. I doubt anyone saw it anyway! =]
Do more dancing along with tutorials! ^_^Vthanks for the Son Ga In inspired makeup !
though i think the makeup worked so well on Ga In's eyes due to her small face/sharp jawline as well T.T
been waiting for someone with similar eyelids to demonstrate this ever since i saw the vid :)
i too have rounder eyes than hers,so your tutorial really helps ^^!
i would love to see more inspired makeup from korean girl bands too,such as 2ne1 and SNSD,particularly Dara and Taeyeon/Jessica ^.^
thanks again for the post <3- AnonymousNovember 28, 2009 at 8:26 AM
Thanks so much for posting this! This is something I could definitely use when dancing (I bellydance) :)
ReplyDelete love this tutorial! i always sort of fail at attempting the smoky eyed look since i'm a monolid, but this seems really simple to do. i'm so glad you did it especially for monolids; ga-in's eyes are such a good example :) and i'm so glad there's someone in the kpop industry who doesn't have big eyes.
ReplyDeleteGreat tutorial!!
I'd love to see your take on Youn eun-hye's look in her newest drama which is "Take care of my young lady" (i think it's called??)
She has perfect skin and her eye is so amazing ^^
Thank you girly <3, CAN'T WAIT xxxlove love LOVES it!!
Abracadabra is one of my fav song/MV
i love the monolid smokey eyes.
Good job!- AnonymousNovember 28, 2009 at 11:37 AM
OMG thank you so much!!!! I've really wanted to do this look and Ga in's eyes really caught my attention in the music video! And I've always wanted to do this look because I'm a monolid. Teehee! Thanks so much again <3333 I really appreciate your tutorials! And you are absolutely gorgeous by the way!!! ^^
ReplyDelete - AnonymousNovember 28, 2009 at 11:39 AM
Oh, and PS, please do more makeup looks from idol groups! Like CL's or Sandara Park's from 2ne1 or Kara's! That would be so cool xD
ReplyDelete Hey Jen! Awesome tutorial! Def one of my favorites! The look is super unique and cute!
One of my favorite K-pop videos is Lollipop by Big Bang with 2ne1. The girls' hair styles are so crazy! IT would be awesome if you did a tutorial on one of the girls =)
Thank you for the inspired look post! <3wooo ga-in! to be honest my legs-focus to eyes-focus ratio was much higher when i was watching the video.^^ but when you point it out the look is pretty cool~
would you consider doing a tut on 2NE1's minji's eye makeup? of everyone else i've seen she looks the most crazy different between having and not having makeup on and i can't figure out why. XDGorgeous! I love BEG and Abracadabra has been on replay on my ipod for a while too :D
Thanks for this tutorial! You're definitely the best makeup guru for monolids ^^
btw, I was wondering if you can do a tutorial of 2NE1's makeup? I absolutely love them! And a tutorial for a more cuter/lighter look like from Ahn Sohee (Wonder Girls) or Kim Yuna?This look is definitely different, you look "colder" than you usually do, I guess that is the intention effect of it ;) Oh and I do love the video and the dance too, it is addicting.
For K-pop I am liking Big Bang and a video Haruharu or Stand Up... I am not very sure. I basically don't understand a single word :"> but the video clip is really nice. I think the guy make up is cool, too, make them look really like some kind of gangster or so :D. The only girl in their video has cancer, so she looks either pale or really natural, no make up look... that is kinda like your natural make up way, I think.OMG you beat me to it! haha I was gonna do my take on this look as well. I'll post photos once i've put everything together...
Your version is really good and idiot-proof. Very nice!Oooh i love the video and your video too!
i only recently started getting interested in kpop after watching Boys Over Flowers. haha slow i know.
*goes off to youtube more kpop bands*
your tutorial is awesome! cant wait to try on the smoky eye look :DI was hoping someone would do this tutorial!
I don't have the lids for it :( but its amazingly gorgeous on you!
I have the XSI and I'm sure you will LOVE IT!
Start off with auto focusing (there is a switch near the lense that has "AF & MF" and you'll get used to how the camera adjust and the different modes. It comes with a small little guide to the modes too :) Make sure you read the guide so you'll understand the knobs when your using Manual Focusing.
Can't wait to see you using it!waaa i love that look!! Ga-in is gorgeous i tried doing that but my eyes are too round...maybe ill try it your way. Can you do a tutorial for Dara from 2ne1's eye makeup?
ReplyDeleteBeaautiful Jen, i don't have monolids, but i'll definitely give it a shot!
I think the rocker chic looks suits you.I love your tutorials! Your makeup technique is flawless :D
Do you think you can try out Sunny's makeup from their Genie MV?- AnonymousNovember 29, 2009 at 3:37 PM
looks awesome =]i LOVED gain's eye makeup too! and her hair
you look kinda like narsha aww the dancing at the very beginning is so cute and sexy at the same time. where did u get that outfit? luv it! i will definitely try this look one of these days. Thanks hun!
ReplyDeleteI loved this tutorial! Now you've got me hooked on the song too, I keep replaying the video :)
Btw you remind me of Narsha in the video (The one in the gold dress is called Narsha right?)what a great tutorial!! you're so talented.. did such a good job recreating the look! :) xx
ReplyDelete- AnonymousNovember 29, 2009 at 4:53 PM
WOW!!!!! thats amazing Jen.... u replicated it but shaped it to suit your own eyes better and the look is so natural and sexy. would die to see more of this shading technique in many different colors for different occasions. is there any color scheme for this to carry a netural everyday look u reckon?
love ur skill... am totally in awe. I love it! Wish I had monolids. I've done this kind of extreme smoky eye before, because of my big eyes I look scary, like Samara in the Ring LMAO. You look gorgeous, just like the video!! Why is the video considered controversial? Is that just in Korea? Did I miss something?
ReplyDeletethank you so much for the video. love BEG...Narsha is my favorite. and i love anything inspired by their videos. i also really like their 어쩌다 video and performances. if you have time, i'd love to see anything inspired by those. keep on dancing! :)
ReplyDeleteyou look so so beautiful honey! i can't even see the zit on your chin! i get bad breakouts as well and its so annoying :( especially when you're doing everything you're supposed to :( im glad to hear that your skin is doing better :D
ReplyDeleteI'm going to say the same things over. hehe
I love this tutorial! You should definitely do more inspired looks.
I heart you!oh! you look great, Jen! the more you post EOTD's... the more im lured to learning how eye makeup goes.
i hope one day i can do a 'From Head To Toe'-inspired EOTD. :)oh i forgot to add on,i would really like to see a tutorial on Elva hsiao's look :X
she's a popular taiwanese singer with monolids,but she's good at eye makeup,esp the double eyelid+false eyelash look and it always look so natural and pretty on her !
sorry for being greedy with the requests >_<*
love all your tutorials :)- AnonymousNovember 30, 2009 at 3:40 PM
i love your blog!
was on makeupalley just now and spied a chick's FOTD, and its this same one! same video and pic upload from her.
looks like u inspire ppl! ;) wow, I love the look! It looks really good! Also, I've never seen such a sexy asian video.. sexy asians being all sexy, haha. I liked it! Thanks for introducing me to the song/video. I love it! Will share with my sister!
ReplyDeleteYou're sooo gorgeous! I love the makeup on you, it looks stunning, and as you say, it's super flattering too.
XO- AnonymousNovember 30, 2009 at 10:11 PM
i followed your tutorial and tried it out. It looks fantastic!! (the girls agree hehes) and it was quite simple when following your instructions. thankyou so much!
ReplyDelete - AnonymousDecember 1, 2009 at 6:33 PM
You are so pretty nd your skin looks absolutely flawless.
I was wondering what foundation brand and color you are using? Do you use any primer first before applying your foundation? Thanks a bunch! LoOoOoVE the tutorial! Awww, thank you everybody~! It seems like the inspired look idea got a really positive reaction so I'll definitely have to do more. :D
Carine: Lol, I think you could make it work you just need to watch the shape of the "sideways teardrop" when your eyes are opened. Bring the black shadow above your crease, and make sure it's matte so it blends more like a monolid. :)
SwatchCrazee: I made the outfit from stuff I already had. It was just a black top with a sequin tube top over it. :)Anonymous: Yes, I think you could use any color scheme for this look, but I would recommend using a color + black for the really smokey effect. Like purple + black or navy blue instead of black since it's close. :)
Kimberly: The video is controversial because Korea is traditionally VERY conservative. Even on the streets, girls in miniskirts or tank tops are looked upon as being slutty, even in 100 degree weather. It's just the culture. So insinuating that females are taking control in the bedroom or that they might kiss each other is definitely controversial in comparison. ;)
Anonymous: aw, the makeupalley girl must've taken down her pic before I saw it! LOL, and I don't think I inspired her, the video was quite popular to begin with!
Beauty by Cydia Angie: I got my gloves from work (leftover freebie) but they are Patricia Field. :)
Anonymous: Aww, thank you! I think I was using MAC Studio Sculpt foundation in NC30 here. Primer doesn't mix too well with studio sculpt in my experience, and I don't wear any primer daily or anything. Hope it still helps!- AnonymousDecember 1, 2009 at 9:54 PM
oh my god. its soo pretty ! im seriously going to try this! thanks soo muchh!
ReplyDelete I love your inspired look! really great..I'd love to see more neutral + abit smokey eyes tutorial if you can..tq..
ReplyDelete- AnonymousDecember 2, 2009 at 2:04 PM
Hi Jen,
I was wondering if you could do a video of you applying the MAC Studio Sculpt foundation in NC30. PRETTY PLEASE :)I find that NC30 especially the Studio Sculpt line some in darker shades, so I'm more of a NC20. Have you tried their Studio Sculpt Concealer? If you have which shade do you use? Stupid question, but is the concealer suppose to be darker than the foundation to cover up "blemishes" and should it be apply before or after foundation?
@~~~~>Lynn i was talking to my sister and then i looked at your video..i was like...hahaha wow this is new, this is interesting..your dancing is so so so cute..it's like one of the most enjoyable tutorials i have ever seen..
jenny i think you should make the dance as your video signature..you know adding some cute actions to your videos makes it more interesting, "alive" and relaxing to watch^^i loved this look! you did sch an awesome job on this tutorial! mad props to you, Jen!:) hehe and you are SOO cute at the beginning of the vid with your dance. You have fun and take it easy--that's why so many people, including myself, love you!<3 definitely always a joy to watch your videos! looking forward to the next inspired look! :D
ReplyDeleteI watched the video in mute because my sister's sleeping right next to me, and it's a hella saucy, but I like it (though I shouldn't), I love the dance moves, and they are very sexy, any more and it'll become unreasonable.
ReplyDeletecould you upload the video again please? i really want to learn it but my eyes are bigger than ga in's and my lids folds inwards...(TT_TT)
or could you do one onn narsha in Sign?? pretty please? (^^)oh my gosh love the pictures!
could you please reupload this video?
i have eyes just like gain's and totally want to do this because NOTHING else works out for me
-joey- AnonymousMarch 24, 2010 at 8:08 PM
i know this is old... but i stumbled on this. could you re-do this?? its so pretty!!
ReplyDelete I know it's really late but could you do 2NE1's (Bom and Dara) makeup in the Try to Copy Me MV? With underlids lashes <-- is there are word like this?
Thanks^^ I loved this turorial cause I loved GaIns makeup. Eyeliner is so cool!- AnonymousJune 27, 2010 at 9:15 PM
Awesome tutorial Jen. You are so pretty! You're probably tired of hearing that lol.
But I don't like Narsha and Ga In cause they had plastic surgery so that's why her eyes are like that. Not being anti but any fan would know since they stated it already. - AnonymousMay 4, 2012 at 9:13 PM
woww this is sooo cute!! i love all your kpop tutorials! If you have time do you think you can do after school nana's monolid looks? (she's one of the few other monolid female kpop idols out there i think) I think especially pretty is her look in "in the night sky"! You can hardly tell her eyes are monolid when she wears her makeup because they look HUGE and she uses some really pretty purple shades which you also seem to favor in some of your looks :)


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Notice: This Wiki is now read only and edits are no longer possible. Please see: https://gitlab.eclipse.org/eclipsefdn/helpdesk/-/wikis/Wiki-shutdown-plan for the plan.
Getting Started with ECF's RFC119 Implementation
Install ECF 3.0. See ecf download.
In addition you will need Equinox in your target platform (either the Equinox 3.5 SDK or the parts that come with Eclipse).
To see how the ECF RFC119 implementation fits into the overall picture of supporting Distributed OSGi, see Distributed OSGi Services with ECF.
Service Interface
As with any OSGi service, you must first define your service interface. Here is a trivial example 'hello' service interface:
package org.eclipse.ecf.examples.remoteservices.hello; public interface IHello { public void hello(String from); }
Click here for instructions on retrieving the Hello Example source into your local workspace
Registering the Service (Host)
Here is the code in org.eclipse.ecf.internal.examples.remoteservices.hello.host.Activator that registers a remote service with the ECF RFC119 implementation:
public void start(BundleContext context) throws Exception { this.context = context; // Create R-OSGi Container IContainerManager containerManager = getContainerManagerService(); containerManager.getContainerFactory().createContainer("ecf.r_osgi.peer"); Properties props = new Properties(); // add OSGi service property indicating this props.put(REMOTE_INTERFACES, REMOTE_INTERFACES_WILDCARD); // register remote service helloRegistration = context.registerService(IHello.class.getName(), new Hello(), props); System.out.println("Host: Hello Service Registered"); }
This code does the following:
- Creates an r-osgi ECF container to do the distribution
- Sets the RFC119-specified REMOTE_INTERFACES ('osgi.remote.interfaces') service property to REMOTE_INTERFACES_WILDCARD ('*')
- Creates a new Hello instance and registers it as a remote service (via the service props).
Here is the expected output to the console for this host
[log;-0700 2009.06.02 13:37:45:421;WARNING;org.eclipse.ecf.osgi.services.distribution;org.eclipse.core.runtime.Status[plugin=org.eclipse.ecf.osgi.services.distribution;code=4;message=org.eclipse.ecf.internal.osgi.services.distribution.DiscoveredServiceTrackerImpl:handleDiscoveredServiceAvailable:No RemoteServiceContainerAdapters found for description=ServiceEndpointDescriptionImpl[;providedinterfaces=[org.eclipse.ecf.examples.remoteservices.hello.IHello];location=null;serviceid=ServiceID[type=ServiceTypeID[typeName=_osgiservices._tcp.default._iana];location=osgiservices://10.0.1.18:9279;full=_osgiservices._tcp.default._iana@osgiservices://10.0.1.18:9279];osgiEndpointID=null;ecfEndpointID=r-osgi://TILAPIA:9279;ecfTargetID=null;ecfFilter=null;props={ecf.rsvc.ns=ecf.namespace.r_osgi.remoteservice, osgi.remote.service.interfaces=org.eclipse.ecf.examples.remoteservices.hello.IHello, ecf.sp.cns=ecf.namespace.r_osgi, ecf.rsvc.id=[B@1950e0a, ecf.sp.cid=[B@ccd21c}];severity4;exception=null;children=[]]] Host: Hello Service Registered
You should ignore the warning...this just indicates that the server discovered it's own published service and did not create a proxy for it.
If, however, you get the following warning when starting the host:
osgi> WARNING: Port 9278 already in use. This instance of R-OSGi is running on port 9279
This means that there is some other R-OSGi instance running on that same system, and that port 9278 is not available for use by the host. In this case, you need to stop the host, and disable the other R-OSGi instance before running the host again. To disable R-OSGI, see Disabling R-OSGi and R-OSGi_Properties.
Using the Service (Consumer)
The service consumer first discovers the published service, and then when discovered it creates a proxy and registers the proxy in the local service registry.
Here is code from org.eclipse.ecf.internal.examples.remoteservices.hello.consumer.Activator
public void start(BundleContext context) throws Exception { this.context = context; // Create R-OSGi Container IContainerManager containerManager = getContainerManagerService(); containerManager.getContainerFactory().createContainer("ecf.r_osgi.peer"); // Create service tracker to track IHello instances that are REMOTE helloServiceTracker = new ServiceTracker(context,createRemoteFilter(),this); helloServiceTracker.open(); }
Like the service host, this code also must create an R-OSGi peer container instance. Note that to switch to another/different provider (than R-OSGi), all that must be changed is the string "ecf.r_osgi.peer" in both the host and consumer.
After creating the container, a ServiceTracker is created to track the discovery and registration of remotely published services. This allows discovery to happen asynchronously, and when the remote service matching the filter returned from createRemoteFilter(), the 'serviceAdded' method will be called by the service tracker sometime after the service tracker is created. Here is the serviceAdded method:
public Object addingService(ServiceReference reference) { System.out.println("IHello service proxy being added"); IHello hello = (IHello) context.getService(reference); // Call it hello.hello(CONSUMER_NAME); System.out.println("Called hello() on proxy successfully"); return hello; }
This method:
- Gets the hello instance for the reference (which is actually a proxy)
- Calls hello() on the hello instance, just like it was a local service.
Asynchronous Remote Method Invocation
Sometimes it's desirable to invoke remote methods asynchronously, without blocking until the remote method call completes. This is sometimes desirable, for example, if your user interface thread is doing the calling, as remote methods can/could block for a much longer time than would be acceptable for users.
ECF provides an API to invoke remote methods with a guarantee that they will be executed asynchronously, in some other thread, and allowing the calling thread not to be blocked.
For ECF the value of the REMOTE property (i.e. 'osgi.remote') is a non-null instance of IRemoteService. IREmoteService provides the consumer with more flexibility in how they can remotely call methods exposed by the IHello service interface.
Here's an example that fires an asynchronous message to invoke the 'hello' method on the remote service.
IRemoteService remoteService = (IRemoteService) reference.getProperty(REMOTE); remoteService.fireAsync(new IRemoteCall() { public String getMethod() { return "hello"; } public Object[] getParameters() { return new Object[] { CONSUMER_NAME }; } public long getTimeout() { return 30000; }});
Notice that it is not necessary to have even the IHello service interface class present to use this technique.
For another example, here's code that uses the IRemoteService to return a future result. The future result is provided immediately, without blocking, and then sometime later can be accessed to either get the result (if already complete) or wait for the result to complete.
// Now get remote service reference and use asynchronous // remote invocation IRemoteService remoteService = (IRemoteService) reference.getProperty(REMOTE); // This futureExec returns immediately IFuture future = RemoteServiceHelper.futureExec(remoteService, "hello", new Object[] { CONSUMER_NAME }); // ...do other computation here... // This method blocks until a return future.get(); System.out.println("Called future.get() successfully");
Related Documentation
Distributed OSGi Services with ECF
Getting Started with Using the ECF Remote Services API
Distributed EventAdmin Service
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