text:
Afoot and light-hearted I take to the open road,
Healthy, free, the world before me,
The long brown path before me leading wherever I choose.
Henceforth I ask not good-fortune, I myself am good-fortune,
Henceforth I whimper no more, postpone no more, need nothing,
Done with indoor complaints, libraries, querulous criticisms,
Strong and content I travel the open road.
The earth, that is sufficient,
I do not want the constellations any nearer,
I know they are very well where they are,
I know they suffice for those who belong to them.
(Still here I carry my old delicious burdens,
I carry them, men and women, I carry them with me wherever I go,
I swear it is impossible for me to get rid of them,
I am fill'd with them, and I will fill them in return.)
You road I enter upon and look around, I believe you are not all that is here,
I believe that much unseen is also here.
Here the profound lesson of reception, nor preference nor denial,
The black with his woolly head, the felon, the diseas'd, the illiterate person, are not denied;
The birth, the hasting after the physician, the beggar's tramp, the drunkard's stagger, the laughing party of mechanics,
The escaped youth, the rich person's carriage, the fop, the eloping couple,
The early market-man, the hearse, the moving of furniture into the town, the return back from the town,
They pass, I also pass, any thing passes, none can be interdicted,
None but are accepted, none but shall be dear to me.
You air that serves me with breath to speak!
You objects that call from diffusion my meanings and give them shape!
You light that wraps me and all things in delicate equable showers!
You paths worn in the irregular hollows by the roadsides!
I believe you are latent with unseen existences, you are so dear to me.
You flagg'd walks of the cities! you strong curbs at the edges!
You ferries! you planks and posts of wharves! you timber-lined sides! you distant ships!
You rows of houses! you window-pierc'd façades! you roofs!
You porches and entrances! you copings and iron guards!
You windows whose transparent shells might expose so much!
You doors and ascending steps! you arches!
You gray stones of interminable pavements! you trodden crossings!
From all that has touch'd you I believe you have imparted to yourselves, and now would impart the same secretly to me,
From the living and the dead you have peopled your impassive surfaces, and the spirits thereof would be evident and amicable with me.
The earth expanding right hand and left hand,
The picture alive, every part in its best light,
The music falling in where it is wanted, and stopping where it is not wanted,
The cheerful voice of the public road, the gay fresh sentiment of the road.
O highway I travel, do you say to me Do not leave me?
Do you say Venture not—if you leave me you are lost?
Do you say I am already prepared, I am well-beaten and undenied, adhere to me?
O public road, I say back I am not afraid to leave you, yet I love you,
You express me better than I can express myself,
You shall be more to me than my poem.
I think heroic deeds were all conceiv'd in the open air, and all free poems also,
I think I could stop here myself and do miracles,
I think whatever I shall meet on the road I shall like, and whoever beholds me shall like me,
I think whoever I see must be happy.
From this hour I ordain myself loos'd of limits and imaginary lines,
Going where I list, my own master total and absolute,
Listening to others, considering well what they say,
Pausing, searching, receiving, contemplating,
Gently,but with undeniable will, divesting myself of the holds that would hold me.
I inhale great draughts of space,
The east and the west are mine, and the north and the south are mine.
I am larger, better than I thought,
I did not know I held so much goodness.
All seems beautiful to me,
I can repeat over to men and women You have done such good to me I would do the same to you,
I will recruit for myself and you as I go,
I will scatter myself among men and women as I go,
I will toss a new gladness and roughness among them,
Whoever denies me it shall not trouble me,
Whoever accepts me he or she shall be blessed and shall bless me.
Now if a thousand perfect men were to appear it would not amaze me,
Now if a thousand beautiful forms of women appear'd it would not astonish me.
Now I see the secret of the making of the best persons,
It is to grow in the open air and to eat and sleep with the earth.
Here a great personal deed has room,
(Such a deed seizes upon the hearts of the whole race of men,
Its effusion of strength and will overwhelms law and mocks all authority and all argument against it.)
Here is the test of wisdom,
Wisdom is not finally tested in schools,
Wisdom cannot be pass'd from one having it to another not having it,
Wisdom is of the soul, is not susceptible of proof, is its own proof,
Applies to all stages and objects and qualities and is content,
Is the certainty of the reality and immortality of things, and the excellence of things;
Something there is in the float of the sight of things that provokes it out of the soul.
Now I re-examine philosophies and religions,
They may prove well in lecture-rooms, yet not prove at all under the spacious clouds and along the landscape and flowing currents.
Here is realization,
Here is a man tallied—he realizes here what he has in him,
The past, the future, majesty, love—if they are vacant of you, you are vacant of them.
Only the kernel of every object nourishes;
Where is he who tears off the husks for you and me?
Where is he that undoes stratagems and envelopes for you and me?
Here is adhesiveness, it is not previously fashion'd, it is apropos;
Do you know what it is as you pass to be loved by strangers?
Do you know the talk of those turning eye-balls?
Here is the efflux of the soul,
The efflux of the soul comes from within through embower'd gates, ever provoking questions,
These yearnings why are they? these thoughts in the darkness why are they?
Why are there men and women that while they are nigh me the sunlight expands my blood?
Why when they leave me do my pennants of joy sink flat and lank?
Why are there trees I never walk under but large and melodious thoughts descend upon me?
(I think they hang there winter and summer on those trees and always drop fruit as I pass;)
What is it I interchange so suddenly with strangers?
What with some driver as I ride on the seat by his side?
What with some fisherman drawing his seine by the shore as I walk by and pause?
What gives me to be free to a woman's and man's good-will? what gives them to be free to mine?
The efflux of the soul is happiness, here is happiness,
I think it pervades the open air, waiting at all times,
Now it flows unto us, we are rightly charged.
Here rises the fluid and attaching character,
The fluid and attaching character is the freshness and sweetness of man and woman,
(The herbs of the morning sprout no fresher and sweeter every day out of the roots of themselves, than it sprouts fresh and sweet continually out of itself.)
Toward the fluid and attaching character exudes the sweat of the love of young and old,
From it falls distill'd the charm that mocks beauty and attainments,
Toward it heaves the shuddering longing ache of contact.
Allons! whoever you are come travel with me!
Traveling with me you find what never tires.
The earth never tires,
The earth is rude, silent, incomprehensible at first, Nature is rude and incomprehensible at first,
Be not discouraged, keep on, there are divine things well envelop'd,
I swear to you there are divine things more beautiful than words can tell.
Allons! we must not stop here,
However sweet these laid-up stores, however convenient this dwelling we cannot remain here,
However shelter'd this port and however calm these waters we must not anchor here,
However welcome the hospitality that surrounds us we are permitted to receive it but a little while.
Allons! the inducements shall be greater,
We will sail pathless and wild seas,
We will go where winds blow, waves dash, and the Yankee clipper speeds by under full sail.
Allons! with power, liberty, the earth, the elements,
Health, defiance, gayety, self-esteem, curiosity;
Allons! from all formules!
From your formules, O bat-eyed and materialistic priests.
The stale cadaver blocks up the passage—the burial waits no longer.
Allons! yet take warning!
He traveling with me needs the best blood, thews, endurance,
None may come to the trial till he or she bring courage and health,
Come not here if you have already spent the best of yourself,
Only those may come who come in sweet and determin'd bodies,
No diseas'd person, no rum-drinker or venereal taint is permitted here.
(I and mine do not convince by arguments, similes, rhymes,
We convince by our presence.)
Listen! I will be honest with you,
I do not offer the old smooth prizes, but offer rough new prizes,
These are the days that must happen to you:
You shall not heap up what is call'd riches,
You shall scatter with lavish hand all that you earn or achieve,
You but arrive at the city to which you were destin'd, you hardly settle yourself to satisfaction before you are call'd by an irresistible call to depart,
You shall be treated to the ironical smiles and mockings of those who remain behind you,
What beckonings of love you receive you shall only answer with passionate kisses of parting,
You shall not allow the hold of those who spread their reach'd hands toward you.
Allons! after the great Companions, and to belong to them!
They too are on the road—they are the swift and majestic men—they are the greatest women,
Enjoyers of calms of seas and storms of seas,
Sailors of many a ship, walkers of many a mile of land,
Habituès of many distant countries, habituès of far-distant dwellings,
Trusters of men and women, observers of cities, solitary toilers,
Pausers and contemplators of tufts, blossoms, shells of the shore,
Dancers at wedding-dances, kissers of brides, tender helpers of children, bearers of children,
Soldiers of revolts, standers by gaping graves, lowerers-down of coffins,
Journeyers over consecutive seasons, over the years, the curious years each emerging from that which preceded it,
Journeyers as with companions, namely their own diverse phases,
Forth-steppers from the latent unrealized baby-days,
Journeyers gayly with their own youth, journeyers with their bearded and well-grain'd manhood,
Journeyers with their womanhood, ample, unsurpass'd, content,
Journeyers with their own sublime old age of manhood or womanhood,
Old age, calm, expanded, broad with the haughty breadth of the universe,
Old age, flowing free with the delicious near-by freedom of death.
Allons! to that which is endless as it was beginningless,
To undergo much, tramps of days, rests of nights,
To merge all in the travel they tend to, and the days and nights they tend to,
Again to merge them in the start of superior journeys,
To see nothing anywhere but what you may reach it and pass it,
To conceive no time, however distant, but what you may reach it and pass it,
To look up or down no road but it stretches and waits for you, however long but it stretches and waits for you,
To see no being, not God's or any, but you also go thither,
To see no possession but you may possess it, enjoying all without labor or purchase, abstracting the feast yet not abstracting one particle of it,
To take the best of the farmer's farm and the rich man's elegant villa, and the chaste blessings of the well-married couple, and the fruits of orchards and flowers of gardens,
To take to your use out of the compact cities as you pass through,
To carry buildings and streets with you afterward wherever you go,
To gather the minds of men out of their brains as you encounter them, to gather the love out of their hearts,
To take your lovers on the road with you, for all that you leave them behind you,
To know the universe itself as a road, as many roads, as roads for traveling souls.
All parts away for the progress of souls,
All religion, all solid things, arts, governments—all that was or is apparent upon this globe or any globe, falls into niches and corners before the procession of souls along the grand roads of the universe.
Of the progress of the souls of men and women along the grand roads of the universe, all other progress is the needed emblem and sustenance.
Forever alive, forever forward,
Stately, solemn, sad, withdrawn, baffled, mad, turbulent, feeble, dissatisfied,
Desperate, proud, fond, sick, accepted by men, rejected by men,
They go! they go! I know that they go, but I know not where they go,
But I know that they go toward the best—toward something great.
Whoever you are, come forth! or man or woman come forth!
You must not stay sleeping and dallying there in the house, though you built it, or though it has been built for you.
Out of the dark confinement! out from behind the screen!
It is useless to protest, I know all and expose it.
Behold through you as bad as the rest,
Through the laughter, dancing, dining, supping, of people,
Inside of dresses and ornaments, inside of those wash'd and trimm'd faces,
Behold a secret silent loathing and despair.
No husband, no wife, no friend, trusted to hear the confession,
Another self, a duplicate of every one, skulking and hiding it goes,
Formless and wordless through the streets of the cities, polite and bland in the parlors,
In the cars of railroads, in steamboats, in the public assembly,
Home to the houses of men and women, at the table, in the bedroom, everywhere,
Smartly attired, countenance smiling, form upright, death under the breast-bones, hell under the skull-bones,
Under the broadcloth and gloves, under the ribbons and artificial flowers,
Keeping fair with the customs, speaking not a syllable of itself,
Speaking of any thing else but never of itself.
Allons! through struggles and wars!
The goal that was named cannot be countermanded.
Have the past struggles succeeded?
What has succeeded? yourself? your nation? Nature?
Now understand me well—it is provided in the essence of things that from any fruition of success, no matter what, shall come forth something to make a greater struggle necessary.
My call is the call of battle, I nourish active rebellion,
He going with me must go well arm'd,
He going with me goes often with spare diet, poverty, angry enemies, desertions.
Allons! the road is before us!
It is safe—I have tried it—my own feet have tried it well—be not detain'd!
Let the paper remain on the desk unwritten, and the book on the shelf unopen'd!
Let the tools remain in the workshop! let the money remain unearn'd!
Let the school stand! mind not the cry of the teacher!
Let the preacher preach in his pulpit! let the lawyer plead in the court, and the judge expound the law.
Camerado, I give you my hand!
I give you my love more precious than money,
I give you myself before preaching or law;
Will you give me yourself? will you come travel with me?
Shall we stick by each other as long as we live?


text:
I'm stuck on you Mug, Lovers matching Mug, Gift for Couples, Valentine Mug, Boyfriend / Girlfriend Mug, Cute Mug
I'm stuck on you Mug, Lovers matching Mug, Gift for Couples, Valentine Mug, Boyfriend / Girlfriend Mug, Cute Mug
Perfect for coffee, tea and hot chocolate, this classic shape white, durable ceramic mug comes in the most popular sizes - 11 oz. and 15oz. High quality sublimation printing makes it an appreciated gift to every true hot beverage lover.
.: White ceramic
.: 11oz. (0.33 l) and 15oz. (0.44 l)
.: Rounded corners
.: C-handle
Shipping & Returns
Shipping & Returns
Our Products are processed and shipped within 1-4 business days.
For more information see Shipping Policy
If you are not completely satisfied with your purchase, we will gladly accept your unused merchandise in its original condition.
For more information see Returns & Exchanges
Create Memories
Our goal is to help you create great and memorable events with your loved ones, If you have any questions or issues, know we're here for you.
Free Shipping
We offer Free US shipping on order over $20 dolars. Once your order is shipped is usually delivered within 2-5 Business Days.
Returns & Exchanges
In the unlikely event the receiver doesn't love their gift, and the product is in its original condition, simply return it to us for a full refund.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
We have shared the official Huawei Mate 20X Ever-AN00C Stock ROM Firmware (Flash File) on this page. The Stock ROM comes in a zip package and contains USB Driver, Firmware, Flash Tool, and How-to Flash Manual.
Huawei Mate 20X Ever-AN00C Firmware (Flash File)
Huawei Stock ROM helps you upgrade or downgrade your Huawei device's OS. It also allows you to fix the device if it has software-related issues, Bootloop, and IMEI-related issues.
File Name: Huawei_Mate_20X_Ever-AN00C_22.214.171.124_C00E205R2P6_9.1.0_R1_EMUI9.1.1_05015TGJ_9.1_Dload.zip
File Size: 4.5 GB
Android Version: 9.1
How to Flash (install): Follow Tutorial
How to flash or install Stock ROM
- Download and extract the Stock ROM package on the computer using the WinRar or Winzip Tool.
- After extracting the package, you will get the USB Driver, Firmware, Flash Tool, and How-to Flash Manual.
- Install the provided USB Driver on the computer.
- Copy the dload folder to the Device SD memory.
- Boot the device into the Download Mode using the boot keys.
- Update or Flashing process will start automatically.
- Once the Flashing process is completed, disconnect your device from the computer and restart it.
Readme Once:
[*] Huawei Driver: If you are looking for the Official Driver for your Huawei device, then head over to the Huawei USB Driver Page.
[*] Backup: If you are going to flash the above firmware on your Huawei Device, then we recommend taking a backup of your data from the device, as flashing the ROM (firmware) will wipe the data from the device.
[*] Credits: The above firmware is officially released by Huawei Mobility LLC. We have scanned the firmware using the Norton AntiVirus Plus before sharing it online.


text:
Jain Steels Corporation is a supplier and exporter of Titanium Grade 4 Plate. We specialise in various ferric and non ferric materials. Please use Contact Us page to get in touch with us regarding Titanium Grade 4 Plate . Alternatively you can use the form below to get in touch with us. Please mention Titanium Grade 4 Plate as subject.
About Us
The company commenced its operations in the year 1991 under the guidance of Mr. R G Mehta who has shown his expertise in handling the market requirements in apt manner through his counted experience and immense product knowledge. If we talk about our product range that encompassing of stainless steel plates, stainless steel flanges, round steel bars, stainless steel fittings, stainless steel flanges, stainless steel round bars etc. for handling our all the operations we have a dedicated staff of employees, quality department, etc., that all are there to handle the whole process of delivering products which starts from supplying, packaging to delivering our products to the client's door steps.


text:
Access Control List Tutorial/et
From Joomla! Documentation
Separate ACL for Viewing and Doing
The Joomla ACL system can be thought of as being divided into two completely separate systems. One system controls what things on the site Users can view. The other controls what things Users can do (what actions a User can take). The ACL for each is set up differently.
Controlling What Users Can See
The setup for controlling what Users can see is done as follows:
- Create a set of Access Levels according to the Categories and/or the combination of categories you wish only logged in Users to see. N.B. Do not assign any User groups to the new Access Levels at this point.
- Create a User Group, with 'Registered' as parent, for each Access Level. Using the same names for the User Groups as the Access Levels will prevent confusion later.
- Edit your new Access Levels and assign the correct (new) User Group to each one. You may also wish to assign the Super User Group (and/or the other default User Groups but not 'Guest' User Group) to all your new Access Levels
- Assign each item to be viewed to one Access Level. Items include content items (articles, contacts, and so on), menu items, and modules.
Any time a User is about to view an item on a Joomla page, the program checks whether the User has access to the item, as follows:
- Creates a list of all the Access Levels that the User has access to, based on all Groups that the User belongs to. Also, if a group has a parent group, access levels for the parent group are also included in the list.
- Checks whether the Access Level for the item (article, module, menu item, and so on) is on that list. If yes, then the item is displayed to the User. If no, then the item is not displayed.
Note that Access Levels are set separately for each Group and are not inherited from a group's parent group.
Controlling What Users Can Do
The system for setting up what Users in a User Group can do -- what actions they can take on a given item -- is set up with the Permissions tab of Global Configuration and the Permissions tab of the Options screen of each component. Permissions can also be set up at the Category level for core components and at the Article level for articles.
- If you wish logged in Users to Create, Delete, Edit State or Edit Own for specific Categories then:
- Create a User Group with the Parent as one of your User Groups that has Access to the Category(or Categories) you wish this new User Group to modify.
- Assign your new User Group to the appropriate Access Level(s). Then change the required permissions for your new User Group either Globally or per Category/Article.
- When creating a User Group it is good practice to select a parent group that has less permissions than needed for the new group. This is because it is easier to elevate permissions per Component/Category/Article that the extra permissions are needed for than it is to remove permissions from the other Components/Categories/Articles.
- (Example: You have ten Categories but you want Create permissions for just one. If you set Global permissions to Allow Create for that group you would need to remove Create permission for all those categories. And you would need to remove the Create permission for that group with any new Category that you add at a later date.)
- Only create a User Group with one of the default User Groups as parent if none of them have the exact permissions that you need and you wish all Categories
Note that this set up is independent of the setup for viewing but a User Group needs to be assigned to the appropriate Access Level(s) in order for the User in that Group to use those Permissions.
When a User wants to initiate a specific action against a component item (for example, edit an article), the system (after checking the Group the User is in has access) checks the permission for this combination of User, item, and action. If it is allowed, then the User can proceed. Otherwise, the action is not allowed.
The remainder of this tutorial discusses how we control what Users can do -- what action permissions they have.
Actions, Groups, and Inheritance
The other side of ACL is granting permissions to Users to take actions on objects.
3.x seeria | |
Grupid ja toimingud | Actions allowed for each group are defined by site administrator. |
Permission Scope |
Permissions can be set at multiple levels in hierarchy: Site, Component, Category, Object. |
Permission Inheritance |
Permissions can be inherited from parent Groups and parent Categories |
Kuidas õigused töötavad
There are four possible permissions for actions, as outlined below:
- Not set: Defaults to "deny" but, unlike the Deny permission, this permission can be overridden by setting a child group or a lower level in the permission hierarchy to "Allow." This permission only applies to the Global Configuration permissions.
- Inherit: Inherits the value from a parent Group or from a higher level in the permission hierarchy. This permission applies to all levels except the Global Configuration level.
- Deny: Denies this action for this level and group. IMPORTANT This also denies this action for all child groups and all lower levels in the permission hierarchy. Putting in Allow for a child group or a lower level will not have any effect. The action will always be denied for any child group member and for any lower level in the permission hierarchy.
- Allow: Allows this action for this level and group and for lower levels and child groups. This does not have any effect if a higher group or level is set to Deny or Allow. If a higher group or level is set to Deny, then this permission will always be denied. If a higher group or level is set to Allow, then this permission will already be allowed.
Õiguste tasemed
Action permissions in version 2.5+ can be defined at up to four levels, as follows:
- Global Configuration: determines the default permissions for each action and group.
- Component Options → Permissions: can override the default permissions for this component (for example, Articles, Menus, Users, Banners, and so on).
- Category: can override the default permissions for objects in one or more categories. Applies to all components with categories, including Articles, Banners, Contacts, News Feeds, and Web Links.
- Article: Can override the permissions for a specific article. This level only applies to articles. Other components only allow the first three levels.
Global Configuration
This is accessed from System → Global Configuration → Permissions. This screen allows you set the top-level permission for each group for each action, as shown in the screenshot below.
The options for each value are Inherited, Allowed, or Denied. The Calculated Setting column shows you the setting in effect. It is either Not Allowed (the default), Allowed, or Denied.
You work on one Group at a time by opening the slider for that group. You change the permissions in the Select New Settings drop-down list boxes.
Note that the Calculated Setting column is not updated until you press the Save button in the toolbar. To check that the settings are what you want, press the Save button and check the Calculated Settings column.
Komponendi valikud->Õigused
This is accessed for each component by clicking the Options icon in the toolbar. This screen is similar to the Global Configuration screen above. For example, clicking the Options toolbar icon in the Menu Manager shows the Menus Configuration below.
Access to Options is only available to members of groups who have permission for the Configure action in for each component. In the example above, the Administrator group has Allowed permission for the Configure option, so members of this group can access this screen.
Category permissions are accessed in the Category Manager: Edit Category screen, in a tab at the top of the screen. This screen has five permissions, as shown below.
In these screens, you work on the permissions for one User Group at a time. In the example above, we are editing the permissions for the Administrator group.
Note that the Configure and Access Component actions do not apply at the category level, so those actions are not included.
Note also that Categories can be arranged in a hierarchy. If so, then action permissions in a parent category are inherited automatically by a child category. For example, if you had a category hierarchy of Animals → Pets → Dogs, then the full permission level hierarchy for an article in the Dogs category would be as follows:
- Global Configuration
- Article Manager → Options → Permission
- Animals Category
- Pets Category
- Dogs Category
- specific article
Permissions for a single article are accessed in the Article Manager → Edit Article screen, again in a slider at the bottom of the screen. This screen has three actions:
Again, you edit each group by clicking on it to open the slider for that group. You can then change the permissions under the Select New Setting column. To see the effect of any changes, press the Save button to update the Calculated Setting column.
Note that the Configure, Access Component, and Create actions do not apply at the article level, so these actions are not included. Permission to create an article is set at one of the higher levels in the hierarchy.
Access Levels in 3.x series are simple and flexible. The screen below shows the Special Access Level.
Simply check the box for each group you want included in that level. The Special Access Level includes the Manager, Author, and Super Users groups. It also includes child groups of those groups. So, Administrator group is included, since it is a child group of the Manager group. The Editor, Publisher, and Shop Suppliers groups are included, since they are child groups of Author. (Note that we could check all of the child groups if we wanted and it wouldn't hurt anything).
Once Access Levels are created, they are used in the same way as in version 1.5. Each object in the Frontend is assigned an Access Level. If the level is Public, then anyone may access that object. Otherwise, only members of groups assigned to that access level may access that object. Access levels are assigned to Menu Items and to Modules. Each one can only be assigned to one access level.
For example, the screen below shows the Edit Menu Item screen with the list of available access levels.
Vaikimisi õiguste seaded
When Joomla! is installed, these are set to their initial default settings. We will discuss these initial settings as a way to understand how the ACL works.
Vaikimisi grupid
Version 3.x allows you to define your own Groups. When you install version 3.x, it includes a set of default groups, shown below are the basic default User groups. (Additional default User groups are installed with sample data.)
The arrows indicate the child-parent relationships. As discussed above, when you set a permission for a parent group, this permission is automatically inherited by all child groups. The Inherited, and Allowed permissions can be overridden for a child group. The Denied permission cannot be overridden and will always deny an action for all child groups.
Üldised seaded
Joomla! version 2.5 will install with the same familiar Backend permissions as that of version 1.5. However, with 2.5, you can easily change these to suit the needs of your site.
As discussed earlier, the permissions for each action are inherited from the level above in the permission hierarchy and from a group's parent group. Let's see how this works. The top level for this is the entire site. This is set up in the Site → Global Configuration → Permissions, as shown below.
The first thing to notice are the ten Actions: Site Login, Admin Login, Offline Access, Super User, Access Administration Interface, Create, Delete, Edit, Edit State. and Edit Own. These are the actions that a User can perform on an object in Joomla. The specific meaning of each action depends on the context. For the Global Configuration screen, they are defined as follows:
- Site Login
- Login to the Frontend of the site
- Admin Login
- Login to the Backend of the site
- Offline Access
- Login to the Frontend of the site when the website site is offline (when Global Configuration setting "Site Offline" is set to Yes)
- Super User
- Grants the User "Super User" status. Users with this permission can do anything on the site. Only Users with this permission can change Global Configuration settings (this screen). These permissions cannot be restricted. It is important to understand that, if a User is a member of a Super User group, any other permissions assigned to this User are irrelevant. The User can do any action on the site. However, Access Levels can still be assigned to control what this group sees on the site. (Obviously, a Super User can change Access Levels if they want to, so Access Levels do not totally restrict what a Super User can see.)
- Access Component
- Open the component manager screens (User Manager, Menu Manager, Article Manager, and so on)
- Create
- Create new objects (for example, Users, Menu Items, Articles, Web Links, and so on)
- Delete
- Delete existing objects
- Edit
- Edit existing objects
- Edit State
- Change object state (Publish, Unpublish, Archive, and Trash)
- Edit Own
- Edit objects that you have created.
Each Group for the site has its own slider which is opened by clicking on the group name. In this case (with the sample data installed), we have the standard 7 groups that we had in version 1.5 plus two additional groups called "Shop Suppliers" and "Customer Group." Notice that our groups are set up with the same permissions as they had in version 1.5. Keep in mind that we can change any of these permissions to make the security work the way we want. Let's go through this to see how it works.
- Public has everything set to "Not set", as shown below.
- This can be a bit confusing. Basically, "Not Set" is the same as "Inherited." Because Public is our top-level group, and because Global Configuration is the top level of the component hierarchy, there is nothing to inherit from. So "Not Set" is used instead of "Inherit."
- The default in this case is for no permissions. As you would expect, the Public group has no special permissions. Also, it is important to note that, since nothing is set to Denied, all of these permissions may be overridden by child groups or by lower levels in the permission hierarchy.
- Guest is a 'child' group of the Public group has everything set to 'Inherited'
- This is the default 'Guest User Group' in the User Manager options and the Group that (non logged in) visitors to your site are placed in.
- Manager is a "child" group of the Public group. It has Allowed permissions for everything except Access Component and Super User. So a member of this group can do everything in the front and Backend of the site except change Global Permissions and Component Options.
- Administrator group members inherit all of the Manager permissions and also have Allowed for Access Component. So members of this group by default can access the Options screens for each component.
- Registered is the same a Public except for the Allow permission for the Site Login action. This means that members of the Registered group can login to the site. Since default permissions are inherited, this means that, unless a child group overrides this permission, all child groups of the Registered group will be able to login as well.
- Author is a child of the Registered group and inherits its permissions and also adds Create and Edit Own. Since Author, Editor, and Publisher have no Backend permissions, we will discuss them below, when we discuss Frontend permissions.
- Editor is a child of the Authors group and adds the Edit permission.
- Publisher is a child of Editor and adds the Edit State permission.
- Shop Suppliers is an example group that is installed if you install the sample data. It is a child group of Author.
- Customer Group is an example group that is installed if you install the sample data. It is a child group of Registered.
- Super Users group has the Allow permission for the Super User action. Because of this, members of this group have Super User permissions throughout the site. They are the only Users who can access and edit values on the Global Configuration screen. Users with permission for the Super User action have some special characteristics:
- If a User has Super User permissions, no other permissions for this User matter. The User can perform any action on the site.
- Only Super Users can create, edit, or delete other Super Users or groups.
There are two important points to understand from this screen. The first is to see how the permissions can be inherited from the parent Group. The second is to see how you can control the default permissions by Group and by Action.
This provides a lot of flexibility. For example, if you wanted Shop Suppliers to be able to have the ability to login to the Backend, you could just change their Admin Login value to "Allowed." If you wanted to not allow members of Administrator group to delete objects or change their state, you would change their permissions in these columns to Inherited (or Denied).
It is also important to understand that the ability to have child groups is completely optional. It allows you to save some time when setting up new groups. However, if you like, you can set up all groups to have Public as the parent and not inherit any permissions from a parent group.
Component Options and Permissions
Just looking at the Global Configuration screen above, it would appear that the Administrator group and the Manager group have identical permissions. However, in version 1.5 Administrators can do everything except Global Configuration, whereas Managers are not permitted to add Users or work with menu items. That is also true in the default version 2.5 configuration. Let's see how this is accomplished.
If we navigate to Users → User Manager and click the Options button in the toolbar, we see the screen below:
.png|center|]] [[Image:screenshot_acl_tutorial_20110111-10-
This screen is the same as the Global Configuration Permissions screen, except that these values only affect working with Users. Let's look at how this works.
First, notice that the Administrator group has Allow permission for the Admin action and the Manager group has Deny permission for this action. Remember that the Admin action in the Global Configuration screen gives the group "Super User" permissions. In this screen, the Admin action allows you to edit the Options values. So, the Administrator group can do this but the Manager group cannot.
Next, notice that the Administrator has Inherit for the Manage action and the Manager group has Deny permission. In this screen, the Manage action gives a group access to the User Manager. Since the Administrator has Allow for the Manage action by default, then the Inherit permission here means they inherit the Allow permission for the Manage action. Since the Manager group has Deny permission for the Manage action, members of the Manager group cannot access the User Manager and therefore cannot do any of the other User-related actions.
If you look at the Options for Menus → Menu Manager, you will see the same default settings as for the User Manager. Again, the Administrator group can manage and set default permissions for Menu Manager objects whereas the Manager group cannot.
In short, we can see that the different permissions for the Administrator and Manager groups are set using the Options → Permissions forms on the User Manager and Menu Manager screens.
It is also important to understand that this same Options → Permissions form for setting default permissions is available for all Joomla! objects, including Media Manager, Banners, Contacts, News Feeds, Redirect, Search Statistics, Web Links, Extensions, Modules, Plugins, Templates, and Language. So you now have the option to create User groups with fine-tuned sets of Backend permissions.
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Default permissions for the Frontend are also set using the Options form. Let's look at Content → Article Manager → Options → Permissions. First, let's look at the permissions for Manager, as shown below.
Manager has allowed permission for all actions except Configure. So members of the Manager group can do everything with Articles except open the Options screen.
Now let's look at Administrator, as shown below.
Administrator has Allowed for Configure, so Administrators can edit this Options screen.
Both groups can create, delete, edit, and change the state of articles.
Now, let's look at the groups Publisher, Editor, and Author and see how their permissions are set.
Authors only have Create and Edit Own permissions, as shown below.
This means that Authors can create articles and can edit articles they have created. They may not delete articles, change the published state of articles, or edit articles created by others.
Editors have the same permissions as Authors with the addition of permission for the Edit action, as shown below.
So Editors can edit articles written by anyone.
Publishers can do everything Editors can do plus they have permission for the Edit State action, as shown below.
So Publishers can change the published state of an article. The possible states include Published, Unpublished, Archived, and Trashed.
All of these groups have Inherit permission for Configure and Access Component. Remember that Author is a child of the Registered group, and Registered does not have any default permissions except for Login. Since Registered does not have permission for Configure and Access Component, and since Author's permission for these actions is "Inherited", then Author does not have these permissions either. This same permission is passed from Author to Editor and from Editor to Publisher. So, by default, none of these groups are allowed to work with articles in the Backend.
It is important to remember that these permissions are only default settings for categories and articles and for any child groups that are created. So they can be overridden for child groups, for categories, and for specific articles.
Also, note that there are no Denied permissions for any actions in the default settings. This allows you to add Allowed permissions at any level. Remember, once you have an action set for Denied, this action will be denied at all lower levels in the hierarchy. For example, if you set the Admin Login for Registered to Denied (instead of Allowed), you could not grant Publishers Allowed permissions for this action.
Article Manager and Actions Diagram
The diagram below shows how each action in the permissions form relates to the various options on the Article Manager screen.
- Configure allows you to view and change the Options for the component.
- Access Component allows you to navigate to the Article Manager. Without this permission, no other actions are possible.
- Create allows you to add new articles.
- Delete allows you to delete trashed articles. Note that the Delete icon only shows in the toolbar when you have the "Select State" filter set to "Trash."
- Edit allows you to edit existing articles.
- Edit State allows to you Publish, Unpublish, Archive, or Trash articles.
- Edit Own is the same as Edit except that it only applies to articles written by you.
Allowing Guest-Only Access to Menu Items and Modules
Version 1.6 introduced the ability to create a View Access Level that is only for guests of the site (meaning a User who is not logged in). The example below shows how you can set up this new feature. (N.B. Steps 1 to 3 are not needed for Joomla! 3.x as they exist in the default install.)
- Create a new User group called Guest. Make it a child of the Public group as shown below.
- Create a new access level called Guest and grant only the Guest group access to this level, as shown below.
- Navigate to User Manager → Options → Component and change the Guest User Group from the default value of "Public" to "Guest", as shown below.
Now, if we assign a menu item, module, or other object to the Guest access level, only non-logged in Users will have access. For example, if we create a new menu item with access level of Guest, as shown below,
This menu item will only be visible to non-logged-in visitors to the site.
If required other User groups like Author can be granted access in the Guest access level, this would allow Authors to view articles in the Frontend for editing.
N.B. Login/logout in Frontend (for changing data in session) to see the change.
Using Permission and Group Levels Together
As discussed above, it is possible to define groups in a hierarchy, where each child group inherits action permissions (for example, the create permission) from its parent group. Action permissions are also be inherited from the permission level above. For example, a permission in the Article Manager is inherited from the same permission in the Global Configuration, and a permission in a child Category is inherited from the parent Category permission.
This dual inheritance can be confusing, but it can also be useful. Let's consider an example as follows. We have a school with a group hierarchy of Teachers → History Teachers → Assistant History Teachers. We also have a category hierarchy of Assignments → History Assignments. We want History Teachers and Assistant History Teachers to have the following permissions:
- both groups can create new articles only in the History Assignments category.
- only History Teachers (not Assistant History Teachers) can Publish or otherwise have Edit State permission.
This ACL scheme is easy to implement. The diagram below shows how this would be set up for the Create Action.
[[Image:Acl example diagram1 20091018-
In the diagram, the Permission Hierarchy is shown down the left side and the Group hierarchy is shown across the top. Permissions are inherited down and to the right, as shown by the arrows. To implement the desired permissions, we leave the Global Configuration blank (Not Set) for all three groups. Similarly, in the Article Manager and Assignments Category, we leave the Create permission to Inherit for all the groups. As shown in the diagram, this means that these groups do not have Create permission for articles in general or for articles in the Assignments group.
To sum up so far, we have not set any special permissions to get to this point. Now, in the History Assignments category permissions screen, we set the Create permission to Allow for the History Teachers group. This setting overrides the Soft (Implicit) Deny that we had by default and gives members of this group permission to create content (articles and child categories) for this category. This Allow setting also is inherited by the Assistant History Teachers group.
Next, we need to grant History Teachers the Edit State permission while denying this permission to Assistant History Teachers. This is done as shown in the diagram below.
[[Image:Acl example diagram2 20091018-
This configuration is the same as the one above except that this time we set the Edit State permission in the History Assignments category to Deny for the Assistant History Teachers group. This means that Assistant History Teachers will not be able to Publish or Unpublish articles in this category.
Note that this was accomplished by setting just two permissions in the History Assignments category: Allow for the History Teachers group and Deny for the Assistant History Teachers group.
ACL Action Permission Examples
Here are some examples of how you might set up the ACL for some specific situations.
Backend Article Administrator
We want to create a group called "Article Administrator" with Backend permissions only for articles and not for any other Backend menu options. Members of this group should be able to use all of the features of the article manager, including setting article permissions.
- Create a new group called Article Administrator and make its parent group Public, as shown below.
Because its parent group is Public, it won't have any permissions by default.
- In Users → Access Levels, edit the Special Access level to add the new group. That way they can get access to the Backend menu items and modules (This assumes that the modules for the admin menu and quick icons have the Special Access level assigned to them, which is the default.)
By default, the Backend menu items and modules are set to Special access, so if you forget to add the new group to the Special access level, you won't see any modules or menu items when you log in as a User of the new group.
- In Site → Global Configuration → Permissions, click on the Article Administrator group and change the permissions to Allowed for the following actions: Admin Login, Create, Delete, Edit, Edit State, and Edit Own. The screen below shows what will show before you press Save.
After you save, the Calculated Permissions should show as shown below.
Note that the permission for the Access Component is Inherited, which translates to Not Allowed. This is important. This means that this group will only be able to access components if we give the group "Allowed" permission for Access Component. So we only have to change the one component we want to give them access to and don't have to change any settings for the components where we don't want them to have access. If we had a case where we wanted to give a group access to everything except for one component, we could set the default to Allowed and then set the one component to Denied. Also note that we did not give the group Site Login permission, so Users in this group will not be able to log into the Frontend. (If we wanted to allow that, we would just change the permission to Allowed for Site Login.)
- In Article Manager → Options → Permissions, change permissions to Allowed for this group for the Access Component action, as shown below.
All of the other desired permissions are inherited.
That's all you need to do. Members of this group can login to the Backend and do everything in Article Manager but can't do anything else in the Backend. For example, the screen below shows what a User in the Article Manager will see when they login to the Backend.
ACL View Access Levels Examples
A basic concept of using Access Levels is that all items with the same Access will be viewable by the same group of Users. In other words, if two items have the same Access, you can't have one viewable by one User and not viewable by another User. On the other hand, it is easy to have one Group view any number of items with different Access levels.
Similarly, each Group has exactly the same combination of Access levels, but one User can be a member of more than one group. Depending on the situation, you may want to have Users only in one Group or you may need to have a User in more than one Group.
This means that we may need to group our items so that items so that all items in a group have the same level of sensitivity. Here are some examples.
Hierarchical Example
In this example, Access levels are hierarchical, for example, like government security clearance codes. Say for example we have the following sets of classified documents: Classified, Secret, and Top Secret. Users have corresponding clearance codes. Users with Classified clearance can only see Classified documents and cannot see Secret or Top Secret. Users with Secret clearance can see Classified and Secret documents but not Top Secret. Users with Top Secret can see all documents.
In this case, you would create three Access levels: Classified, Secret, and Top Secret and the same three Groups. Users would only be members of one group, as follows:
Kasutaja | Grupp | Ligipääsutase |
C1, C2, C3 | Classified |
Classified |
S1, S2, S3 | Salajane | Classified, Secret |
TS1, TS2, TS3 | Ülisalajane | Classified, Secret, Top Secret |
In this case, all Users are in exactly one group, but some groups have access to more than one Access Level of items. In other words, we have a one-to-one relationship between Users and groups, but a one-to-many relationship between Groups and Access Levels.
Team Security Example
Another possible use case is a set of non-hierarchical teams. Let's say we have three teams, T1, T2, and T3. Some Users are only on one team, but others might be on two or more teams. In this case, we could set up our Access Levels and Groups by team. Documents for each team have the access level for that team, and the Group for the team has only the one access level. When a User is on more than one team, they get added to the group for each team, as follows:
Kasutaja | Kirjeldus | Grupp | Ligipääsutase |
U1 | Meeskonna 1 liige | T1 | T1 |
U2 | Meeskonna 2 liige | T2 | T2 |
U3 | Meeskonna 3 liige | T3 | T3 |
U1-2 | Meeskondade 1 ja 2 liige | T1, T2 | T1, T2 |
U1-3 | Meeskondade 1 ja 3 liige | T1, T3 | T1, T3 |
U1-2-3 | Meeskondade 1, 2 ja 3 liige | T1,T2, T3 | T1, T2, T3 |
Hybrid Example
In a real-world situation, you might have a combination of these two arrangements. Say for example we have Managers and Staff. Staff can only see Staff documents and Managers can see Manager and Staff documents. Both types of Users can be assigned to teams as well, in which case they can see all of the documents for that team. In addition, say that Managers can access some, but not all, team documents. Staff can only access team documents if they are members of that team.
In this example, we could set up the following Access Levels:
Ligipääsutase | Kirjeldus | Grupp |
Juhataja | Non-team manager documents |
Juhataja |
Personal | Non-team staff documents |
Juhataja, Personal |
Meeskond 1 | Sensitive Team1 documents (no access outside team) |
Meeskond 2 |
Team1-Manager |
Team1 documents that can be accessed by all managers |
Team1, Manager |
Meeskond 2 | Sensitive Team2 documents (no access outside team) |
Meeskond 2 |
Team2-Manager |
Team2 documents that can be accessed by all managers |
Team2, Manager |
Then, Users could be assigned to groups as follows:
Kasutaja liik | Grupp |
Pole ühegi meeskonna juhataja | Juhataja |
Staff on no teams | Staff |
Manager on team 1 |
Manager, Team1 |
Staff on team 1 |
Staff, Team1 |
Manager on teams 1 and 2 |
Manager, Team1, Team2 |
Staff on teams 1 and 2 |
Staff, Team1, Team2 |


text:
Arthritis is a general term covering numerous conditions where the joint surface or cartilage wears out. The joint surface is covered by a smooth articular surface that allows pain free movement in the joint. This surface can wear out for several reasons; often the definite cause is not known.
When the articular cartilage wears out the bone ends rub on one another and cause pain. This condition is referred to as Osteoarthritis or "wear and tear" arthritis as it occurs with aging and use. It is the most common type of arthritis.
Causes of Arthritis
There are numerous conditions that can cause arthritis but often the exact cause is never known. In general, but not always, it affects people as they get older (Osteoarthritis).
Other causes include:
- Trauma (fracture)
- Increased stress such as overuse and overweight
- Infection of the bone
- Connective tissue disorders
- Inactive lifestyle and Obesity (overweight); Your weight is the single most important link between diet and arthritis as being overweight puts an additional burden on your hips, knees, ankles and feet.
- Inflammation (Rheumatoid arthritis)
Knee Arthritis causes pain and decreased mobility of the knee joint. In the arthritic knee, there is an absent joint space that shows on X-ray. In the normal knee, there is a normal joint space.
Arthritic Knee
The cartilage lining is thinner than normal or completely absent. The degree of cartilage damage and inflammation varies with the type and stage of arthritis. The capsule of the arthritic knee is swollen. The joint space is narrowed and irregular in outline; this can be seen in an X-ray image. Bone spurs or excessive bone can also build up around the edges of the joint. The combinations of these factors make the arthritic knee stiff and limit activities due to pain or fatigue.


text:
A versatile-use straw bucket shoulder bag with striped and color-block detailing, suitable for work and leisure in summer or holiday beach use.
Natural beige color pairing with light brown or black makes the bag easy to style with your daily outfit or holiday look.
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- Dimensions: 34*30*20 CM / 13.4*11.8*7.9 inches ( W&H* Bottom W)
-Lining: terylene fabric
Shipping & Returns
We offer 15 days period for returning / exchange after parcel delivered. Details can be found out on Returns / Exchange page at footer.Shipping
Free shipping worldwide ( selective countries ) ; for orders over $35. $2.99 standard shipping for orders under $35. Order is processed in 1-3 days. Shipping time is normally 7-12 days to US after dispatch; 6-14 days to other countries.
We suggest leaving your address in English for a smooth delivery.
You can track your order online with the shipping info we send to your email after the order is dispatched.
Please refer to the Shipping Page for more details.
Packing & Gift Wrapping
Sustainable Packages
We are trying to minimize the use of plastic bag. 80% of the packages used so far are eco-friendly recyclable ones. And we are working on to increase this rate further. For sustainability purpose, we are keeping packages simple (no excessive packaging); but still decent and strong enough to withstand the impacts of long bumpy international shipping. Please pardon that for most of the products, there might not be individual plastic bag wrapped.Gift Wrapping
If you need special gift wrapping or would like to include a gift card with a message, just reach out, email@example.com. Our customer support team would be happy to do this for you.Striped Straw Shoulder Bag
We ship worldwide; and offer free shipping (standard) to the following countries on orders $35+:
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Shipping to other countries can be arranged with a freight cost. If you are in a country that is not covered above, please leave a message to firstname.lastname@example.com. We would be happy to find appropriate solutions for you.
And we suggest all our customers to leave their address in English for a smooth shipping and delivery.
It usually takes 1-3 days to process the order and dispatch to the shipping forwarder. If you order is urgent, you can reach us via email to firstname.lastname@example.com for help.
SHIPPING WAYS, RATES & TIMEWe offer free shipping for orders over $35 to the above countries by using Fast Line shipping solution. For orders under $35, freight cost is US$2.99.
Shipping time is usually 7-12 days to US, 6-14 days to most other countries (depending on your destination). Please be noted that shipping time may be affected by factors like flight arrangement, weather conditions and local covid situation. Due to the lockdown of some areas and overcrowded parcels waiting for delivery, the local delivery time may result in delay. Local delivery is couducted by post network. For example for US orders, delivery is done by USPS.
If you have not received the package in 15 days, please just contact us. We will check with the shipping forwarder for you.
Expedited Shipping (DHL / UPS / FedEx / TNT) can be arranged with extra charge of $14.9. The shipping time is around 6-12 days in a more stable manner.
We offer free shipping at this stage to the above mentioned countries for orders over $35.
Shipping terms may change by time. It will be updated here on this page and on the Checkout page.
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We will cover the VAT for retailing orders.
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You can track your order online. After your order is dispatched, you will receive an email from us notifying the tracking information. You can get to the tracking web page and put in the tracking number you received to follow your order.
Order Tracking page is here.
SHIPPING ADDRESS CHANGINGBefore the order was dispatched, you can change the shipping address by sending us your new address to email@example.com.
But if the order has already been dispatched, we can't change the address any more. However, you can still contact us about the issue, we will try our best to help you out.


text:
Location | Quantity |
Woodburn | 0 |
Cipole | 2 |
Aurora | 0 |
Other | 0 |
HABIT: Deciduous tree --SIZE: 30' tall --HARDINESS: Hardy to -20*F --EXPOSURE: Full sun --DESCRIPTION: Purple leaves hold color well into the summer with pink flowers.
Freight and Deliveries
We can coordinate freight through common carrier freight companies for customers outside our local area. Charges will depend on current freight rates and size of load. Minimum order is $2500 with a $300 minimum freight. Please place order well ahead to allow time for making arrangements. Our responsibility for the plants will cease when they leave our nursery. You are also welcome to arrange your own freight.
Please call our Freight Department to arrange shipping: 503-982-6300.
Local Wholesale Delivery
We deliver to local job sites and nurseries. The cost varies per load and distance traveled.
Please call our Freight Department for a quote: 503-982-6300.


text:
Her go-to tee fits like a well-loved favorite, featuring a slim feminine fit. Additionally, it is really comfortable – an item to fall in love with.
.: Slim fit with longer body length
.: 100% Soft cotton (fibre content may vary for different colors)
.: Light fabric (4.2 oz/yd² (142 g/m²))
.: Sewn in label
.: Runs smaller than usual


text:
This is a #4 Crescent Border Stamp. It is a great stamp for creating an interesting border and it produces a great pattern. The impression of this stamp measures 3/8" in width and 1/4" in height. If you want to make your work have a little different look, this would be a great stamp to add to your collection.
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International buyers – please note: Import duties, taxes, and charges aren't included in the item price or postage cost. These charges are the buyer's responsibility. Please check with your country's customs office to determine what these additional costs will be prior to buying.


text:
More than a thousand Buffalo Area Scientologists gathered on Saturday, June 30, to celebrate the rededication of the Church of Scientology Buffalo.
The ceremony marked the transformation of the 41,000-square-foot Ideal Church of Scientology (Ideal Org) to better accommodate its ever-growing congregation and extend the Church's humanitarian programs to all communities across upstate New York.
The Church's landmark home, originally constructed in 1898, stands in the Allentown Historic District. In the process of transforming the structure, the Church fully restored and preserved its magnificent Beaux Arts features. The prominent façade stands as it did at the turn of the 20th century, its distinctive buff brick ornamented with glazed white terra cotta and limestone trim. The interior is likewise returned to its original splendor, from the terrazzo and oak plank floors to the elaborately sculpted crown moldings that grace the elevated ceilings. As a fully-realized 21st century Ideal Org, the landmark now stands ready to serve Buffalo for decades to come.
In testament to the significance of the occasion, the rededication ceremony was led by Mr. David Miscavige, Chairman of the Board Religious Technology Center and ecclesiastical leader of the Scientology religion. In his address, Mr. Miscavige told Buffalo staff and parishioners: "Today we arrive at a higher place wherein possibilities for excellence and good fortune are endless. By the same token, however, it means all present today have quite a role to fulfill tomorrow. For as of this moment, you possess unimaginable resources for positive change and thus the wherewithal to provide assistance to all people of goodwill and to help every person in need, no matter their circumstances."
Mr. Tim Lomas, Church of Scientology Director of Public Affairs, acknowledged the Church's work to revitalize Buffalo communities: "Our Church realizes our Founder's vision that all Churches of Scientology become what he termed Ideal Organizations, to not only provide the ideal facilities for Scientologists on their ascent to higher states of spiritual freedom, but to also serve as a home for the entire community and a meeting ground of cooperative effort to uplift people of all denominations. To that end, we share our Church and our many social betterment and community outreach programs with this city. Moreover, we look forward to collaborating with every group and individual committed to revitalizing Buffalo, in the same spirit that originally built this City of Light. Together, we can achieve our common dream of a drug-free, crime-free and flourishing future for all."
The Church of Scientology Buffalo now houses state-of-the-art facilities to introduce the fundamentals of Scientology to those new to the religion. Most notable among these features is the expansive Public Information Center. Buffalo residents are invited to take a self-guided tour of the exhibit's interactive displays. At the touch of a button, visitors are presented films on the beliefs and practices of the religion, as well as the life and legacy of Scientology Founder L. Ron Hubbard. The Public Information Center also provides an overview of the many Scientology-sponsored humanitarian programs, including a worldwide human rights initiative; a drug education, prevention and rehabilitation program; literacy and learning centers; and the Scientology Volunteer Minister program comprising the world's largest independent relief force. In full, the Center's displays contain more than 500 informational and documentary films, with new ones regularly uploaded electronically from the Church's international headquarters in Los Angeles. The Buffalo Center is open morning to night and visitors are welcome to stay as long as they like and return as often as they wish.
The Church invites members of all faiths to Sunday Services held in its Chapel. In addition to congregational gatherings, the Chapel also hosts a wide range of community events—from seminars and workshops to banquets and receptions.
The Church also now provides dedicated facilities for the entire range of Introductory Services. Among those are evening and weekend Dianetics and Scientology seminars. Additional classrooms accommodate a wide array of introductory courses imparting tools to improve any facet of life. The newly transformed Church further includes dozens of specially appointed rooms providing the ideal setting for Scientology auditing (spiritual counseling), and an expanded Church Academy with multiple study rooms for the training of Scientology counselors.
The rededication of the Buffalo Church follows a series of new Ideal Orgs opened in 2012, including the Church of Scientology Phoenix, June 23; Church of Scientology Denver, June 16; Church of Scientology Stevens Creek of San Jose, June 9; Church of Scientology Orange County, June 2; Church of Scientology Greater Cincinnati, February 25; Church of Scientology Sacramento, January 28; and Church of Scientology Hamburg, Germany, January 21.
Ideal Orgs realize the fulfillment of Founder L. Ron Hubbard's vision for the religion. They not only provide the ideal facilities to service Scientologists on their ascent to greater states of spiritual awareness and freedom, but they are also designed to serve as a home for the entire community and a meeting ground of cooperative effort to uplift citizens of all denominations.
Among the dozens of Ideal Orgs opened in recent years are those that now stand in New York, New York; Washington, D.C.; Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota; Tampa, Florida; Nashville, Tennessee; Seattle, Washington; Las Vegas, Nevada; Los Angeles, Pasadena, and Inglewood, California; Québec City, Mexico City, London, Melbourne, Brussels, Madrid, Rome and Berlin. For a complete list of new Churches of Scientology, visit Scientology.org.
Seven new Ideal Orgs are further scheduled for grand opening in 2012.
The Scientology religion was founded by author and philosopher L. Ron Hubbard. The first Church of Scientology was formed in Los Angeles in 1954 and the religion has expanded to more than 10,000 Churches, Missions and affiliated groups, with millions of members in 167 countries.


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At the height of the Occupy Wall Street evictions, it seemed as though some diminutive version of "shock and awe" had stumbled from Baghdad, Iraq, to Oakland, California. American police forces had been "militarized," many commentators worried, as though the firepower and callous tactics on display were anomalies, surprises bursting upon us from nowhere.
There should have been no surprise. Those flash grenades exploding in Oakland and the sound cannons on New York's streets simply opened small windows onto a national policing landscape long in the process of militarization — a bleak domestic no man's land marked by tanks and drones, robot bomb detectors, grenade launchers, tasers, and most of all, interlinked video surveillance cameras and information databases growing quietly on unobtrusive server farms everywhere.
The ubiquitous fantasy of "homeland security," pushed hard by the federal government in the wake of 9/11, has been widely embraced by the public. It has also excited intense weapons- and techno-envy among police departments and municipalities vying for the latest in armor and spy equipment.
In such a world, deadly gadgetry is just a grant request away, so why shouldn't the 14,000 at-risk souls in Scottsbluff, Nebraska, have a closed-circuit-digital-camera-and-monitor system (cost: $180,000, courtesy of the Homeland Security Department) identical to the one up and running in New York's Times Square?
So much money has gone into armoring and arming local law-enforcement since 9/11 that the federal government could have rebuilt post-Katrina New Orleans five times over and had enough money left in the kitty to provide job training and housing for every one of the record 41,000-plus homeless people in New York City. It could have added in the growing population of 15,000 homeless in Philadelphia, my hometown, and still have had money to spare. Add disintegrating Detroit, Newark, and Camden to the list. Throw in some crumbling bridges and roads, too.
But why drone on? We all know that addressing acute social and economic issues here in the homeland was the road not taken. Since 9/11, the Department of Homeland Security alone has doled out somewhere between $30 billion and $40 billion in direct grants to state and local law enforcement, as well as other first responders. At the same time, defense contractors have proven endlessly inventive in adapting sales pitches originally honed for the military on the battlefields of Iraq and Afghanistan to the desires of police on the streets of San Francisco and lower Manhattan. Oakland may not be Basra but (as former Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld liked to say) there are always theunknown unknowns: best be prepared.
All told, the federal government has appropriated about $635 billion, accounting for inflation, for homeland security-related activities and equipment since the 9/11 attacks. To conclude, though, that "the police" have become increasingly militarized casts too narrow a net. The truth is that virtually the entire apparatus of government has been mobilized and militarized right down to the university campus.
Perhaps the pepper spray used on Occupy demonstrators last November at University of California-Davis wasn't directly paid for by the federal government. But those who used it work closely with Homeland Security and the FBI "in developing prevention strategies that threaten campus life, property, and environments," as UC Davis's Comprehensive Emergency and Continuity Management Plan puts it.
Government budgets at every level now include allocations aimed at fighting an ephemeral "War on Terror" in the United States. A vast surveillance and military buildup has taken place nationwide to conduct a pseudo-war against what can be imagined, not what we actually face. The costs of this effort, started by the Bush administration and promoted faithfully by the Obama administration, have been, and continue to be, virtually incalculable. In the process, public service and the public imagination have been weaponized.
Farewell to Peaceful Private Life
We're not just talking money eagerly squandered. That may prove the least of it. More importantly, the fundamental values of American democracy — particularly the right to lead an autonomous private life — have been compromised with grim efficiency. The weaponry and tactics now routinely employed by police are visible evidence of this.
Yes, it's true that Montgomery County, Texas, has purchased a weapons-capable drone. (They say they'll only arm it with tasers, if necessary.) Yes, it's true that the Tampa police have beefed the force up with an eight-ton armored personnel carrier, augmenting two older tanks the department already owns. Yes, the Fargo police are ready with bomb detection robots, and Chicagoboasts a network of at least 15,000 interlinked surveillance cameras.
New York City's 34,000-member police force is now the ground zero of agrowing outcry over rampant secret spying on Muslim students and communities up and down the East coast. It has been a big beneficiary of federal security largess. Between 2003 and 2010, the city received more than $1.1 billion through Homeland Security's Urban Areas Security Initiative grant program. And that's only one of the grant programs funneling such money to New York.
The Obama White House itself has directly funded part of the New York Police Department's anti-Muslim surveillance program. Top officials of New York's finest have, however, repeatedly refused to disclose just how much anti-terrorism money it has been spending, citing, of course, security.
Can New York City ever be "secure"? Mayor Michael Bloomberg boasted recently with obvious satisfaction: "I have my own army in the NYPD, which is the seventh largest army in the world." That would be the Vietnamese army actually, but accuracy isn't the point. The smugness of the boast is. And meanwhile the money keeps pouring in and the "security" activities only multiply.
Why, for instance, are New York cops traveling to Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, and Newark, New Jersey, to spy on ordinary Muslim citizens, who have nothing to do with New York and are not suspected of doing anything? For what conceivable purpose does Tampa want an eight-ton armored vehicle? Why do Texas sheriffs north of Houston believe one drone — or a dozen, for that matter — will make Montgomery County a better place? What manner of thinking conjures up a future that requires such hardware? We have entered a dark world that demands an inescapable battery of closed-circuit, networked video cameras trained on ordinary citizens strolling Michigan Avenue.
This is not simply a police issue. Law enforcement agencies may acquire the equipment and deploy it, but city legislators and executives must approve the expenditures and the uses. State legislators and bureaucrats refine the local grant requests. Federal officials, with endless input from national security and defense vendors and lobbyists, appropriate the funds.
Doubters are simply swept aside (while legions of security and terrorism pundits spin dread-inducing fantasies), and ultimately, the American people accept and live with the results. We get what we pay for — Mayor Bloomberg's "army," replicated coast to coast.
Budgets Tell the Story
Militarized thinking is made manifest through budgets, which daily reshape political and bureaucratic life in large and small ways. Not long after the 9/11 attacks, then-Attorney General John Ashcroft, appearing before the Senate Judiciary Committee, used this formula to define the new American environment and so the thinking that went with it: "Terrorist operatives infiltrate our communities — plotting, planning, and waiting to kill again." To counter that, the government had urgently embarked on "a wartime reorganization," he said, and was "forging new relationships of cooperation with state and local law enforcement."
While such visionary Ashcroftian rhetoric has cooled in recent years, the relationships and funding he touted a decade ago have been institutionalized throughout government — federal, state, and local — as well as civil society. The creation of the Department of Homeland Security, with a total 2012 budget of about $57 billion, is the most obvious example of this.
That budget only hints at what's being doled out for homeland security at the federal level. Such moneys flow not just from Homeland Security, but from the Justice Department, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Commerce Department, the Department of Agriculture, and the Department of Defense.
In 2010, the Office of Management and Budget reckoned that 31 separate federal agencies were involved in homeland security-related funding that year to the tune of more than $65 billion. The Census Bureau, which has itself been compromised by War on Terror activities — mapping Middle Eastern and Muslim communities for counter-terrorism officials — estimated that federal homeland security funding topped $70 billion in 2010. But government officials acknowledge that much funding is not included in that compilation. (Grants made through the $5.6 billion Project BioShield, to offer but one example, an exotic vaccination and medical program launched in 2004, are absent from the total.)
Even the estimate of more than $635 billion in such expenditures does not tell the full spending story. That figure does not include the national intelligence or military intelligence budgets for which the Obama Administration is seeking $52.6 billion and $19.6 billion respectively in 2013, or secret parts of the national security budget, the so-called black budget.
Local funding is also unaccounted for. New York's Police Commissioner Raymond Kelly claims total national homeland security spending could easily be near a trillion dollars. Money well spent, he says — New York needs that anti-terror army, the thousands of surveillance cameras, those sophisticated new weapons, and, naturally, a navy that now includes six drone submarines(thanks to $540,000 in Homeland Security cash) to keep an eye on the terrorist threat beneath the waves.
And even that's not enough.
"We have a new boat on order," Kelly said recently, alluding to a bullet-proof vessel paid for by, yes, Homeland Security (cost unspecified). "We envision a situation where we may have to get to an island or across water quickly, so we're able to transport our heavy weapons officers rapidly. We have to do things differently. We know that this is where terrorists want to come."
With submarines available to those who protect and serve (and grab the grant money), a simple armored SWAT carrier should hardly raise an eyebrow. The Tampa police will get one as part of their security buildup before the city hosts the Republican convention this summer. Tampa and Charlotte, which will host the Democratic convention, each received special $50 million security allocations from Congress to "harden" the cities.
Marc Hamlin, Tampa's assistant police chief, told the Tampa city council that two old tanks, already owned and operated by the police, were simply not enough. They were just too unreliable. "Thank God we have two, because one seems to break down every week," he lamented.
Not everyone on the council seemed convinced Tampa needed a truck sheathed in 1.5-inch high-grade steel, and featuring ballistic glass panels, blast shields, and powered turrets. City Council Vice Chairwoman Mary Mulhern claimed she found the purchase "kind of troubling," a sign that Tampa is becoming "militarized." Then she voted to approve it anyway, along with the other council members. Hamlin was pleased. "It's one of those things where you prepare for the worst, and you hope for the best," he explained.
When Mulhern suggested that some of the windfall $50 million might be used to help the city's growing homeless population, Tampa Mayor Bob Buckhornset her straight. "We can't be diverted from what the appropriate use of that money is, and that is to provide a safe environment for the convention. It's not to be used for pet projects or things totally unrelated to security."
Tampa will also be spending more than $1 million for state of the art digital video uplinks to surveillance helicopters. ("Analog technology is almost Stone Age," commented one approving council member.) Another $2 million will go to install 60 surveillance cameras on city streets. That represents an uncharacteristic pullback from the city's initial plan to acquire more than 230 cameras as well as two drones at a cost of about $5 million. Even the police deemed that too expensive — for the moment.
All of this hardware will remain in Tampa after the Republicans and any protestors are long gone. What use will it serve then? In the Tampa area, the armored truck will join the armored fleet, police officials said, ferrying SWAT teams on calls and protecting police serving search warrants. In the past, Hamlin claimed, Tampa's tanks have been shot at. He did not mention that crime rates in Tampa and across Florida are at four-decade lows.
The video surveillance cameras will, of course, also stay in place, streaming digitized images to an ever-growing database, where they will be stored waiting for the day when facial recognition software is employed to mix and match. This strategy is being followed all over the country, including in Chicago, with its huge video surveillance network, and New York City, where all of lower Manhattan is now on camera.
Tampa has already been down this road once in the post-9/11 era. The city was home to a much-watched experiment in using such software. Images taken by cameras installed on the street were to be matched with photographs in a database of suspects. The system failed completely and was scrapped in 2003. On the other hand, sheriffs in the Tampa Bay area are currently using facial recognition software to match photographs snapped by police on the street with a database of suspects with outstanding warrants. Police are excited by that program and look forward to its future expansion.
The Rise of the Fusion Centers
Homeland Security has played a big role in creating one particularly potent element in the nation's expanding database network. Working with the Department of Justice in the wake of 9/11, it launched what has grown into 72 interlinked state "fusion centers" — repositories for everything from Immigration Customs Enforcement data and photographs to local police reports and even gossip. "Suspicious Activity Reports" gathered from public tipsters — thanks to Homeland Security's "if you see something, say something" program — are now flowing into state centers. Those fusion centers are possibly the greatest facilitators of dish in history, and have vast potential for disseminating dubious information and stigmatizing purely political activity. And most Americans have never even heard of them.
Yet fusion centers now operate in every state, centralizing intelligence gathering and facilitating dissemination of material of every sort across the country. Here is where information gathered by cops and citizens, FBI agents and immigration officers goes to fester. It is a staggering load of data, unevenly and sometimes questionably vetted, and it is ultimately available to any state or local law-enforcement officer, any immigration agent or official, any intelligence or security bureaucrat with a computer and network access.
The idea for these centers grew from the notion that agencies needed to share what they knew in an "unfettered" environment. How comforting to know that the walls between intelligence and law enforcement are breached in an essentially unregulated fashion.
Many other states have monitored antiwar activists, gathering and storing names and information. Texas and other states have stored "intelligence" on Muslims. Pennsylvania gathered reports on opponents of natural gas drilling.Florida has scrutinized supporters of presidential candidate Ron Paul. The list of such questionable activities is very long. We have no idea how much dubious data has been squirreled away by authorities and remains within the networked system. But we do know that information pours into it with relative ease and spreads like an oil slick. Cleaning up and removing the mess is another story entirely.
Anyone who wants to learn something about fusion center funding will also find it maddeningly difficult to track. Not even the Homeland Security Department can say with certainty how much of its own money has gone into these data nests over the last decade. The amounts are staggering, however. From 2004 to 2009 alone, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) reported that states used about $426 million in Homeland Security Department grants to fund fusion-related activities nationally. The centers also receive state and local funds, as well as funds from other federal agencies. How much? We don't know, although GAO data suggest state and local funding at least equals the Homeland Security share.
Yet, as Tampa, New York City, and other urban areas bulk up with high-tech anti-terrorism equipment and fusion centers have proliferated, the number of even remotely "terror-related" incidents has declined. The equipment acquired and projects inaugurated to fend off largely imaginary threats is instead increasingly deployed to address ordinary criminal activity, perceived political disruptions, and the tracking and surveillance of American Muslims. The Transportation Safety Administration is now even patrolling highways. It could be called a case of mission creep, but the more accurate description might be: bait-and-switch.
The chances of an American dying in a terrorist incident in a given year are 1 in 3.5 million. To reduce that risk, to make something minuscule even more minuscule, what has the nation spent? What has it cost us? Instead of rebuilding a ravaged American city in a timely fashion or making Americans more secure in their "underwater" homes and their disappearing jobs, we have created militarized police forces, visible evidence of police-state-style funding.
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The next time you look in a mirror, think about this: In many ways you're more microbe than human. There are 10 times more cells from microorganisms like bacteria and fungi in and on our bodies than there are human cells.
Scientists increasingly think that these microorganisms have a huge influence on our health. Without them, our bodies don't seem to do as well. We don't seem to be as healthy and might actually get sick more often.
But these tiny compatriots are invisible to the naked eye. So we asked artist Ben Arthur to give us a guided tour. Join me as we dive into the rich universe of the human microbiome.
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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This Week On Xbox – February 05, 2016
Here we go…the latest episode of This Week On Xbox.
Remember, you can watch the interactive version of This Week on Xbox from the Community section of the New Xbox One Experience dashboard in Canada, the UK and the US or at the Xbox YouTube channel (This Week on Xbox Playlist).
Leave a comment below or hit me up on Twitter and let me know what you think of the show.


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Now! Back to normal, yeah? Sounds good.
I actually had a hernia. Then I drank hot chocolate and read a book to calm my nerves.
I am still shaking as I type.
But let's hope I NEVER have to lay down on the street in CdG. The thought itself gives me the heebejeebeez.
I am taking very good care of them. I don't even allow my sister to touch them, and I am usually the one breaking her stuff. Thank you, Jordan!


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A normal retractable ballpoint pen with a polished white barrel with a soft grip zone and various clip colour options available.
Type | Retractable |
Barrel Print Area | 35 x 20mm |
Metal Clip | No. |
Metal Tip | No. |
Metal Trimmings | No. |
Metal Pen | No. |
Clip Print Area | 35 x 6mm |
Just wanted to say thank you for the pens that arrived today. They look amazing and it was such a good idea of yours to put our logo on them. Will definitely be buying more in the near future from you.
1. Select the quantity required
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3. Add custom printing
This section is where you choose what you would like printed on your pen. Depending on the product, the following options will be available:
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You can pay securely via all major debit and credit cards or PayPal. If you need us to raise a pro forma invoice then please contact us before ordering.
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Before we start printing, our expert designers will produce a visual proof of your design on the pen which we will email to you for approval.
If you are not happy with the visual proof or subsequent amendments, we will refund 100% of the money, no questions asked.
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Once you have approved the visual proof we will begin the printing process and deliver your order via a tracked delivery service. This takes up to 10 working days unless previously agreed by ourselves.
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For raster files such as .jpg and .png, please provide us with the highest resolution available to enable us to reproduce your logo in the best quality possible.
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If you supply artwork which is not prepared for the type of printing you have selected, our experienced designers will convert it for you and provide a visual proof before production begins.
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As the name implies, full colour printing allows for a full colour reproduction of your artwork including any gradients, shadows, tints and complex graphics.
Customer Reviews5.05 5.0/5 Based on 1 review
DONT BE AFRAIDReviewed by David Martin, Chairman, The Garcia Society on 03 Feb 2014
The FIRST time is always a little frightening...is it safe?...will I get what I really want?...will my money be safe?...will it be fake or the real thing?...will they turn up? Just to double check I rang up...Simon answered all my worries in a very reassuring manner! I am pleased to say EVERYTHING turned out exactly as it should..I am DELIGHTED. No hesitation in recommending Pens Unlimited.
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2 - 4kg | DPD Local Next Working Day | £7.00 | £8.40 |
4 - 5kg | DPD Local Next Working Day | £8.00 | £9.60 |
5 - 15kg | DPD Local Next Working Day | £9.95 | £11.94 |
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Once we've mocked up and sent you a proof of your design and any samples you've requested and we've received confirmation that you're happy with your design, we'll begin printing, then pack and despatch your order. This entire process typically takes up to 10 days from receiving your order, unless otherwise agreed. We will send you a notification email when your order has been dispatched.
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