text:
Oxygenating Moisturiser
MESOHYDRA+ is the newest generation serum designed for targeted innovative anti-aging treatments by activating skin regeneration processes essential to maintain its youthful appearance. Recommended for skin of all ages.
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- Description
MESOHYDRA+'X - Oxygenating Moisturiser
Youth revive essence
Remarkable, rich essence with Oxygen Liposomes, Beta Glucan and 50-kDa Hyaluronic Acid!!
Paraben and fragrance free!
General product view
MESO2HYDRA+ is the newest generation serum designed for targeted innovative anti-aging treatments by activating skin regeneration processes essential to maintain its youthful appearance. Recommended for skin of all ages.
Active ingredients*
Oxygen Liposomes + Beta Glucan + Lysine + Minerals: Ca, Cl, Cu, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Zn, Si + Vitamins: A, E, F, B5, B7, B8 + Jojoba + Ceramides + PhytoFirm™ Essence + 50 kDa Hyaluronic Acid
- Fully safe. Trusted quality.
- Paraben Free | Fragrance Free | Alcohol Free | Colourants Free | Allergen Free | Methylisothiazolinone (MIT/MI) Free.
- Free of formaldehyde (FD) = does not contain DMDM Hydantoin, Diazolidinyl Urea, Imidazolidinyl Urea, Methenamine, Quaternium-15, and Sodium Hydroxymethylglycinate.
Directions for use
- Daily skin care of face and body
- Unisex: for women and men, for skin of all types
- Skin with very deep dehydration
- Skin trauma caused by overdose of sunbathing
- Skin with grey colour
- Sagging skin (lack of skin elasticity and visible wrinkles)
- Sensitive and fragile skin
- Dull skin with grey colour (smokers' skin)
- Deep ionisation and remineralisation of skin
Efficacy of active ingredients*
- Revives the skin cells by providing life-sustaining oxygen
- Deeply hydrates and oxygenates dermis and epidermis
- Brings instant relief to the skin burnt by sun or solarium
- Reduces skin trauma post-sun exposure
- Reduces discomfort of overdried skin (roughness, itching)
- Restores the mineral and ionic balance of the skin
- Provides vitamins and ions to the skin and cells
- Improves skin hydration from the inside out
- Activates skin's self-healing mechanisms against UV, pollutions and allergies (supports immune system of the skin)
- Reduces deep wrinkles and symptoms of photo-aging and sagging skin
- Rejuvenates the skin and improves skin tone
- Restores skin firming and elasticity
- Provides anti-oxidant efficacy
- Gives instant and long-lasting effects!
Treatments types
- Mesotherapy
- electroporation (electrophoresis)
- ultrasounds (sonophoresis)
- iontophoresis (+) = ionisation of Ca, Cu, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Zn, Si
- iontophoresis (–) = ionisation of Cl
(it is not recommended to do both types of ionisation during one treatment) - derma-roller / dermapen (max 0,25mm)
(if you use needles longer than 0,25mm then apply the serum after around
7-10 minutes from treatment – read micro-needle protocols of use)
- Oxygen therapy
- Chromology™ Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) – coming soon!
- Vacuum massage by Cellulogy™ and/or CelluDrain™
- Post abrasion skin care
- Under algae peel-off beauty mask
- Under massage cream in manual massages
- Daily skin care
Application area
All skin areas with dehydration and roughness symptoms (face, neck, décolletage, scalp, hands and/or other needed areas).
Water/Aqua, Glycerin, Acrylates Copolymer, Perfluorodecalin, Propylene Glycol, Simondsia Chinensis Seed Oil, PEG-75 Shea Butter Glycerides, Glycosphingolipids, Methylsilanol Mannuronate, Lysine, Magnesium Chloride, Potassium Chloride, Zinc Chloride, Manganese Chloride, Sodium Chloride, Copper Sulfate, Calcium Gluconate, Silybum Marianum Fruit Extract, Alchemilla Vulgaris Extract, Equisetum Arvense Extract, Glycine Soja Seed Extract, Triticum Vulgare Seed Extract, Medicago Sativa Extract, Raphanus Sativus Seed Extract, PEG-20 Castor Oil, PEG-60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, Zea Mays Oil, Calcium Pantothenate, Inositol, Retinol, Rosa Moschata Seed Oil, Biotin, Tocopheryl Acetate, Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid, Betaglucan, Potassium Sorbate, Sodium Benzoate, Benzoic Acid, Dehydroacetic Acid, Polyaminopropyl Biguanide, Gluconolactone, Caprylyl Glycol, Phenethyl Alcohol, Decyl Glucoside, Alcohol denat., Phenoxyethanol, Ethylhexylglycerin, Aluminum Chloride, Xanthan Gum, Sodium Hydroxide, Disodium EDTA.
NOTE: alcohol which is in INCI is not an ingredient of the formulation.
It is just a component of one of the ingredients which is used in formulation and which must be presented in INCI according to new EU regulations for cosmetics.
For external use only. Do not use for needle treatments.
The product is not intended for use with filler injections.
Keep out of the reach of children.
Contraindications: hypersensitivity to any component of the formulation.
Additional info
Can be mixed with CALM Biomimetic Lamellar Cream.
Can be mixed with other serums during one treatment.
The sediment is a natural feature of the product. Shake before use.
Glass ampoules: 10 x 5ml in box
Skin condition improvement visible after single treatment.
Regular application ensures spectacular skin improvement.
* Efficacy of active ingredients confirmed by in vitro and in vivo tests through regular application.
Registered in European Union as Cosmetic Products according to the Cosmetic Directive 76/768/EEC.
Manufactured according to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP).
Microbiologically and dermatologically tested. | NOT TESTED ON ANIMALS.
Made with the greatest care in the European Union.
Product Safety Data Sheet (PSDS) available on request.


text:
perldelta - what is new for perl 5.10.0
This document describes the differences between the 5.8.8 release and the 5.10.0 release.
Many of the bug fixes in 5.10.0 were already seen in the 5.8.X maintenance releases; they are not duplicated here and are documented in the set of man pages named perl58[1-8]?delta.
Core Enhancements
The feature
The feature
pragma is used to enable new syntax that would break Perl's backwards-compatibility with older releases of the language. It's a lexical pragma, like strict
or warnings
Currently the following new features are available: switch
(adds a switch statement), say
(adds a say
built-in function), and state
(adds a state
keyword for declaring "static" variables). Those features are described in their own sections of this document.
The feature
pragma is also implicitly loaded when you require a minimal perl version (with the use VERSION
construct) greater than, or equal to, 5.9.5. See feature for details.
New -E command-line switch
-E is equivalent to -e, but it implicitly enables all optional features (like use feature ":5.10"
Defined-or operator
A new operator //
(defined-or) has been implemented. The following expression:
$a // $b
is merely equivalent to
defined $a ? $a : $b
and the statement
$c //= $d;
can now be used instead of
$c = $d unless defined $c;
The //
operator has the same precedence and associativity as ||
. Special care has been taken to ensure that this operator Do What You Mean while not breaking old code, but some edge cases involving the empty regular expression may now parse differently. See perlop for details.
Switch and Smart Match operator
Perl 5 now has a switch statement. It's available when use feature 'switch'
is in effect. This feature introduces three new keywords, given
, when
, and default
given ($foo) {
when (/^abc/) { $abc = 1; }
when (/^def/) { $def = 1; }
when (/^xyz/) { $xyz = 1; }
default { $nothing = 1; }
A more complete description of how Perl matches the switch variable against the when
conditions is given in "Switch statements" in perlsyn.
This kind of match is called smart match, and it's also possible to use it outside of switch statements, via the new ~~
operator. See "Smart matching in detail" in perlsyn.
This feature was contributed by Robin Houston.
Regular expressions
- Recursive Patterns
It is now possible to write recursive patterns without using the
construct. This new way is more efficient, and in many cases easier to read.Each capturing parenthesis can now be treated as an independent pattern that can be entered by using the
syntax (PARNO
standing for "parenthesis number"). For example, the following pattern will match nested balanced angle brackets:/ ^ # start of line ( # start capture buffer 1 < # match an opening angle bracket (?: # match one of: (?> # don't backtrack over the inside of this group [^<>]+ # one or more non angle brackets ) # end non backtracking group | # ... or ... (?1) # recurse to bracket 1 and try it again )* # 0 or more times. > # match a closing angle bracket ) # end capture buffer one $ # end of line /x
PCRE users should note that Perl's recursive regex feature allows backtracking into a recursed pattern, whereas in PCRE the recursion is atomic or "possessive" in nature. As in the example above, you can add (?>) to control this selectively. (Yves Orton)
- Named Capture Buffers
It is now possible to name capturing parenthesis in a pattern and refer to the captured contents by name. The naming syntax is
. It's possible to backreference to a named buffer with the\k<NAME>
syntax. In code, the new magical hashes%+
can be used to access the contents of the capture buffers.Thus, to replace all doubled chars with a single copy, one could write
Only buffers with defined contents will be "visible" in the
hash, so it's possible to do something likeforeach my $name (keys %+) { print "content of buffer '$name' is $+{$name}\n"; }
hash is a bit more complete, since it will contain array refs holding values from all capture buffers similarly named, if there should be many of them.%+
are implemented as tied hashes through the new moduleTie::Hash::NamedCapture
.Users exposed to the .NET regex engine will find that the perl implementation differs in that the numerical ordering of the buffers is sequential, and not "unnamed first, then named". Thus in the pattern
$1 will be 'A', $2 will be 'B', $3 will be 'C' and $4 will be 'D' and not $1 is 'A', $2 is 'C' and $3 is 'B' and $4 is 'D' that a .NET programmer would expect. This is considered a feature. :-) (Yves Orton)
- Possessive Quantifiers
Perl now supports the "possessive quantifier" syntax of the "atomic match" pattern. Basically a possessive quantifier matches as much as it can and never gives any back. Thus it can be used to control backtracking. The syntax is similar to non-greedy matching, except instead of using a '?' as the modifier the '+' is used. Thus
are now legal quantifiers. (Yves Orton) - Backtracking control verbs
The regex engine now supports a number of special-purpose backtrack control verbs: (*THEN), (*PRUNE), (*MARK), (*SKIP), (*COMMIT), (*FAIL) and (*ACCEPT). See perlre for their descriptions. (Yves Orton)
- Relative backreferences
A new syntax
where "N" is a decimal integer allows a safer form of back-reference notation as well as allowing relative backreferences. This should make it easier to generate and embed patterns that contain backreferences. See "Capture buffers" in perlre. (Yves Orton) \K
The functionality of Jeff Pinyan's module Regexp::Keep has been added to the core. In regular expressions you can now use the special escape
as a way to do something like floating length positive lookbehind. It is also useful in substitutions like:s/(foo)bar/$1/g
that can now be converted to
which is much more efficient. (Yves Orton)
- Vertical and horizontal whitespace, and linebreak
Regular expressions now recognize the
escapes that match vertical and horizontal whitespace, respectively.\V
logically match their complements.\R
matches a generic linebreak, that is, vertical whitespace, plus the multi-character sequence"\x0D\x0A"
say() is a new built-in, only available when use feature 'say'
is in effect, that is similar to print(), but that implicitly appends a newline to the printed string. See "say" in perlfunc. (Robin Houston)
Lexical $_
The default variable $_
can now be lexicalized, by declaring it like any other lexical variable, with a simple
my $_;
The operations that default on $_
will use the lexically-scoped version of $_
when it exists, instead of the global $_
In a map
or a grep
block, if $_
was previously my'ed, then the $_
inside the block is lexical as well (and scoped to the block).
In a scope where $_
has been lexicalized, you can still have access to the global version of $_
by using $::_
, or, more simply, by overriding the lexical declaration with our $_
. (Rafael Garcia-Suarez)
The _
A new prototype character has been added. _
is equivalent to $
but defaults to $_
if the corresponding argument isn't supplied. (both $
and _
denote a scalar). Due to the optional nature of the argument, you can only use it at the end of a prototype, or before a semicolon.
This has a small incompatible consequence: the prototype() function has been adjusted to return _
for some built-ins in appropriate cases (for example, prototype('CORE::rmdir')
). (Rafael Garcia-Suarez)
UNITCHECK blocks
, a new special code block has been introduced, in addition to BEGIN
and END
and INIT
blocks, while useful for some specialized purposes, are always executed at the transition between the compilation and the execution of the main program, and thus are useless whenever code is loaded at runtime. On the other hand, UNITCHECK
blocks are executed just after the unit which defined them has been compiled. See perlmod for more information. (Alex Gough)
New Pragma, mro
A new pragma, mro
(for Method Resolution Order) has been added. It permits to switch, on a per-class basis, the algorithm that perl uses to find inherited methods in case of a multiple inheritance hierarchy. The default MRO hasn't changed (DFS, for Depth First Search). Another MRO is available: the C3 algorithm. See mro for more information. (Brandon Black)
Note that, due to changes in the implementation of class hierarchy search, code that used to undef the *ISA
glob will most probably break. Anyway, undef'ing *ISA
had the side-effect of removing the magic on the @ISA array and should not have been done in the first place. Also, the cache *::ISA::CACHE::
no longer exists; to force reset the @ISA cache, you now need to use the mro
API, or more simply to assign to @ISA (e.g. with @ISA = @ISA
readdir() may return a "short filename" on Windows
The readdir() function may return a "short filename" when the long filename contains characters outside the ANSI codepage. Similarly Cwd::cwd() may return a short directory name, and glob() may return short names as well. On the NTFS file system these short names can always be represented in the ANSI codepage. This will not be true for all other file system drivers; e.g. the FAT filesystem stores short filenames in the OEM codepage, so some files on FAT volumes remain unaccessible through the ANSI APIs.
Similarly, $^X, @INC, and $ENV{PATH} are preprocessed at startup to make sure all paths are valid in the ANSI codepage (if possible).
The Win32::GetLongPathName() function now returns the UTF-8 encoded correct long file name instead of using replacement characters to force the name into the ANSI codepage. The new Win32::GetANSIPathName() function can be used to turn a long pathname into a short one only if the long one cannot be represented in the ANSI codepage.
Many other functions in the Win32
module have been improved to accept UTF-8 encoded arguments. Please see Win32 for details.
readpipe() is now overridable
The built-in function readpipe() is now overridable. Overriding it permits also to override its operator counterpart, qx//
(a.k.a. ``
). Moreover, it now defaults to $_
if no argument is provided. (Rafael Garcia-Suarez)
Default argument for readline()
readline() now defaults to *ARGV
if no argument is provided. (Rafael Garcia-Suarez)
state() variables
A new class of variables has been introduced. State variables are similar to my
variables, but are declared with the state
keyword in place of my
. They're visible only in their lexical scope, but their value is persistent: unlike my
variables, they're not undefined at scope entry, but retain their previous value. (Rafael Garcia-Suarez, Nicholas Clark)
To use state variables, one needs to enable them by using
use feature 'state';
or by using the -E
command-line switch in one-liners. See "Persistent variables via state()" in perlsub.
Stacked filetest operators
As a new form of syntactic sugar, it's now possible to stack up filetest operators. You can now write -f -w -x $file
in a row to mean -x $file && -w _ && -f _
. See "-X" in perlfunc.
The UNIVERSAL
class has a new method, DOES()
. It has been added to solve semantic problems with the isa()
method. isa()
checks for inheritance, while DOES()
has been designed to be overridden when module authors use other types of relations between classes (in addition to inheritance). (chromatic)
See "$obj->DOES( ROLE )" in UNIVERSAL.
Formats were improved in several ways. A new field, ^*
, can be used for variable-width, one-line-at-a-time text. Null characters are now handled correctly in picture lines. Using @#
and ~~
together will now produce a compile-time error, as those format fields are incompatible. perlform has been improved, and miscellaneous bugs fixed.
Byte-order modifiers for pack() and unpack()
There are two new byte-order modifiers, >
(big-endian) and <
(little-endian), that can be appended to most pack() and unpack() template characters and groups to force a certain byte-order for that type or group. See "pack" in perlfunc and perlpacktut for details.
no VERSION
You can now use no
followed by a version number to specify that you want to use a version of perl older than the specified one.
, chmod
and chown
on filehandles
, chmod
and chown
can now work on filehandles as well as filenames, if the system supports respectively fchdir
, fchmod
and fchown
, thanks to a patch provided by Gisle Aas.
OS groups
and $)
now return groups in the order where the OS returns them, thanks to Gisle Aas. This wasn't previously the case.
Recursive sort subs
You can now use recursive subroutines with sort(), thanks to Robin Houston.
Exceptions in constant folding
The constant folding routine is now wrapped in an exception handler, and if folding throws an exception (such as attempting to evaluate 0/0), perl now retains the current optree, rather than aborting the whole program. Without this change, programs would not compile if they had expressions that happened to generate exceptions, even though those expressions were in code that could never be reached at runtime. (Nicholas Clark, Dave Mitchell)
Source filters in @INC
It's possible to enhance the mechanism of subroutine hooks in @INC by adding a source filter on top of the filehandle opened and returned by the hook. This feature was planned a long time ago, but wasn't quite working until now. See "require" in perlfunc for details. (Nicholas Clark)
New internal variables
This variable controls what debug flags are in effect for the regular expression engine when running under
use re "debug"
. See re for details. ${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}
This variable gives the native status returned by the last pipe close, backtick command, successful call to wait() or waitpid(), or from the system() operator. See perlrun for details. (Contributed by Gisle Aas.)
now defaults to unpacking the $_
without arguments now defaults to $_
The internal dump output has been improved, so that non-printable characters such as newline and backspace are output in \x
notation, rather than octal.
The -C option can no longer be used on the #!
line. It wasn't working there anyway, since the standard streams are already set up at this point in the execution of the perl interpreter. You can use binmode() instead to get the desired behaviour.
The copy of the Unicode Character Database included in Perl 5 has been updated to version 5.0.0.
MAD, which stands for Miscellaneous Attribute Decoration, is a still-in-development work leading to a Perl 5 to Perl 6 converter. To enable it, it's necessary to pass the argument -Dmad
to Configure. The obtained perl isn't binary compatible with a regular perl 5.10, and has space and speed penalties; moreover not all regression tests still pass with it. (Larry Wall, Nicholas Clark)
kill() on Windows
On Windows platforms, kill(-9, $pid)
now kills a process tree. (On UNIX, this delivers the signal to all processes in the same process group.)
Incompatible Changes
Packing and UTF-8 strings
The semantics of pack() and unpack() regarding UTF-8-encoded data has been changed. Processing is now by default character per character instead of byte per byte on the underlying encoding. Notably, code that used things like pack("a*", $string)
to see through the encoding of string will now simply get back the original $string. Packed strings can also get upgraded during processing when you store upgraded characters. You can get the old behaviour by using use bytes
To be consistent with pack(), the C0
in unpack() templates indicates that the data is to be processed in character mode, i.e. character by character; on the contrary, U0
in unpack() indicates UTF-8 mode, where the packed string is processed in its UTF-8-encoded Unicode form on a byte by byte basis. This is reversed with regard to perl 5.8.X, but now consistent between pack() and unpack().
Moreover, C0
and U0
can also be used in pack() templates to specify respectively character and byte modes.
and U0
in the middle of a pack or unpack format now switch to the specified encoding mode, honoring parens grouping. Previously, parens were ignored.
Also, there is a new pack() character format, W
, which is intended to replace the old C
is kept for unsigned chars coded as bytes in the strings internal representation. W
represents unsigned (logical) character values, which can be greater than 255. It is therefore more robust when dealing with potentially UTF-8-encoded data (as C
will wrap values outside the range 0..255, and not respect the string encoding).
In practice, that means that pack formats are now encoding-neutral, except C
For consistency, A
in unpack() format now trims all Unicode whitespace from the end of the string. Before perl 5.9.2, it used to strip only the classical ASCII space characters.
Byte/character count feature in unpack()
A new unpack() template character, "."
, returns the number of bytes or characters (depending on the selected encoding mode, see above) read so far.
The $*
and $#
variables have been removed
, which was deprecated in favor of the /s
and /m
regexp modifiers, has been removed.
The deprecated $#
variable (output format for numbers) has been removed.
Two new severe warnings, $#/$* is no longer supported
, have been added.
substr() lvalues are no longer fixed-length
The lvalues returned by the three argument form of substr() used to be a "fixed length window" on the original string. In some cases this could cause surprising action at distance or other undefined behaviour. Now the length of the window adjusts itself to the length of the string assigned to it.
Parsing of -f _
The identifier _
is now forced to be a bareword after a filetest operator. This solves a number of misparsing issues when a global _
subroutine is defined.
The :unique
attribute has been made a no-op, since its current implementation was fundamentally flawed and not threadsafe.
Effect of pragmas in eval
The compile-time value of the %^H
hint variable can now propagate into eval("")uated code. This makes it more useful to implement lexical pragmas.
As a side-effect of this, the overloaded-ness of constants now propagates into eval("").
chdir FOO
A bareword argument to chdir() is now recognized as a file handle. Earlier releases interpreted the bareword as a directory name. (Gisle Aas)
Handling of .pmc files
An old feature of perl was that before require
or use
look for a file with a .pm extension, they will first look for a similar filename with a .pmc extension. If this file is found, it will be loaded in place of any potentially existing file ending in a .pm extension.
Previously, .pmc files were loaded only if more recent than the matching .pm file. Starting with 5.9.4, they'll be always loaded if they exist.
$^V is now a version
object instead of a v-string
$^V can still be used with the %vd
format in printf, but any character-level operations will now access the string representation of the version
object and not the ordinals of a v-string. Expressions like substr($^V, 0, 2)
or split //, $^V
no longer work and must be rewritten.
@- and @+ in patterns
The special arrays @-
and @+
are no longer interpolated in regular expressions. (Sadahiro Tomoyuki)
$AUTOLOAD can now be tainted
If you call a subroutine by a tainted name, and if it defers to an AUTOLOAD function, then $AUTOLOAD will be (correctly) tainted. (Rick Delaney)
Tainting and printf
When perl is run under taint mode, printf()
and sprintf()
will now reject any tainted format argument. (Rafael Garcia-Suarez)
undef and signal handlers
Undefining or deleting a signal handler via undef $SIG{FOO}
is now equivalent to setting it to 'DEFAULT'
. (Rafael Garcia-Suarez)
strictures and dereferencing in defined()
use strict 'refs'
was ignoring taking a hard reference in an argument to defined(), as in :
use strict 'refs';
my $x = 'foo';
if (defined $$x) {...}
This now correctly produces the run-time error Can't use string as a SCALAR ref while "strict refs" in use
defined @$foo
and defined %$bar
are now also subject to strict 'refs'
(that is, $foo
and $bar
shall be proper references there.) (defined(@foo)
and defined(%bar)
are discouraged constructs anyway.) (Nicholas Clark)
has been removed
The regular expression construct (?p{})
, which was deprecated in perl 5.8, has been removed. Use (??{})
instead. (Rafael Garcia-Suarez)
Pseudo-hashes have been removed
Support for pseudo-hashes has been removed from Perl 5.9. (The fields
pragma remains here, but uses an alternate implementation.)
Removal of the bytecode compiler and of perlcc
, the byteloader and the supporting modules (B::C, B::CC, B::Bytecode, etc.) are no longer distributed with the perl sources. Those experimental tools have never worked reliably, and, due to the lack of volunteers to keep them in line with the perl interpreter developments, it was decided to remove them instead of shipping a broken version of those. The last version of those modules can be found with perl 5.9.4.
However the B compiler framework stays supported in the perl core, as with the more useful modules it has permitted (among others, B::Deparse and B::Concise).
Removal of the JPL
The JPL (Java-Perl Lingo) has been removed from the perl sources tarball.
Recursive inheritance detected earlier
Perl will now immediately throw an exception if you modify any package's @ISA
in such a way that it would cause recursive inheritance.
Previously, the exception would not occur until Perl attempted to make use of the recursive inheritance while resolving a method or doing a $foo->isa($bar)
Modules and Pragmata
Upgrading individual core modules
Even more core modules are now also available separately through the CPAN. If you wish to update one of these modules, you don't need to wait for a new perl release. From within the cpan shell, running the 'r' command will report on modules with upgrades available. See perldoc CPAN
for more information.
Pragmata Changes
The new pragma
is used to enable new features that might break old code. See "Thefeature
pragma" above. mro
This new pragma enables to change the algorithm used to resolve inherited methods. See "New Pragma,
" above. - Scoping of the
pragma -
pragma is now lexically scoped. Its effect used to be global. - Scoping of
The three numeric pragmas
are now lexically scoped. (Tels) base
pragma now warns if a class tries to inherit from itself. (Curtis "Ovid" Poe) strict
will now complain loudly if they are loaded via incorrect casing (as inuse Strict;
). (Johan Vromans) version
module provides support for version objects. warnings
pragma doesn't loadCarp
anymore. That means that code that usedCarp
routines without having loaded it at compile time might need to be adjusted; typically, the following (faulty) code won't work anymore, and will require parentheses to be added after the function name:use warnings; require Carp; Carp::confess 'argh';
now does something useful (or at least it tries to). In fact, it has been turned into a lexical pragma. So, in your modules, you can now test whether your users have requested to use less CPU, or less memory, less magic, or maybe even less fat. See less for more. (Joshua ben Jore)
New modules
, by Audrey Tang, is a module to emit warnings whenever an ASCII character string containing high-bit bytes is implicitly converted into UTF-8. It's a lexical pragma since Perl 5.9.4; on older perls, its effect is global.Module::CoreList
, by Richard Clamp, is a small handy module that tells you what versions of core modules ship with any versions of Perl 5. It comes with a command-line frontend,corelist
is an XS-enabled, and thus faster, version ofMath::BigInt::Calc
is an interface to the zlib compression library. It comes with a bundled version of zlib, so having a working zlib is not a prerequisite to install it. It's used byArchive::Tar
(see below).IO::Zlib
is anIO::
-style interface toCompress::Zlib
is a module to manipulatetar
is a module used to calculate many types of SHA digests, has been included for SHA support in the CPAN module.ExtUtils::CBuilder
have been added.Hash::Util::FieldHash
, by Anno Siegel, has been added. This module provides support for field hashes: hashes that maintain an association of a reference with a value, in a thread-safe garbage-collected way. Such hashes are useful to implement inside-out objects.Module::Build
, by Ken Williams, has been added. It's an alternative toExtUtils::MakeMaker
to build and install perl modules.Module::Load
, by Jos Boumans, has been added. It provides a single interface to load Perl modules and .pl files.Module::Loaded
, by Jos Boumans, has been added. It's used to mark modules as loaded or unloaded.Package::Constants
, by Jos Boumans, has been added. It's a simple helper to list all constants declared in a given package.Win32API::File
, by Tye McQueen, has been added (for Windows builds). This module provides low-level access to Win32 system API calls for files/dirs.Locale::Maketext::Simple
, needed by CPANPLUS, is a simple wrapper aroundLocale::Maketext::Lexicon
. Note thatLocale::Maketext::Lexicon
isn't included in the perl core; the behaviour ofLocale::Maketext::Simple
gracefully degrades when the later isn't present.Params::Check
implements a generic input parsing/checking mechanism. It is used by CPANPLUS.Term::UI
simplifies the task to ask questions at a terminal prompt.Object::Accessor
provides an interface to create per-object accessors.Module::Pluggable
is a simple framework to create modules that accept pluggable sub-modules.Module::Load::Conditional
provides simple ways to query and possibly load installed modules.Time::Piece
provides an object oriented interface to time functions, overriding the built-ins localtime() and gmtime().IPC::Cmd
helps to find and run external commands, possibly interactively.File::Fetch
provide a simple generic file fetching mechanism.Log::Message
are used by the log facility ofCPANPLUS
is a generic archive extraction mechanism for .tar (plain, gziped or bzipped) or .zip files.CPANPLUS
provides an API and a command-line tool to access the CPAN mirrors.Pod::Escapes
provides utilities that are useful in decoding Pod E<...> sequences.Pod::Simple
is now the backend for several of the Pod-related modules included with Perl.
Selected Changes to Core Modules
can now report the caller's file and line number. (David Feldman)All interpreted attributes are now passed as array references. (Damian Conway)
is now based onModule::Pluggable
, and so can be extended with plugins. (Joshua ben Jore) B
It's now possible to access the lexical pragma hints (
) by using the method B::COP::hints_hash(). It returns aB::RHE
object, which in turn can be used to get a hash reference via the method B::RHE::HASH(). (Joshua ben Jore) Thread
As the old 5005thread threading model has been removed, in favor of the ithreads scheme, the
module is now a compatibility wrapper, to be used in old code only. It has been removed from the default list of dynamic extensions.
Utility Changes
- perl -d
The Perl debugger can now save all debugger commands for sourcing later; notably, it can now emulate stepping backwards, by restarting and rerunning all bar the last command from a saved command history.
It can also display the parent inheritance tree of a given class, with the
command. - ptar
is a pure perl implementation oftar
that comes withArchive::Tar
. - ptardiff
is a small utility used to generate a diff between the contents of a tar archive and a directory tree. Likeptar
, it comes withArchive::Tar
. - shasum
is a command-line utility, used to print or to check SHA digests. It comes with the newDigest::SHA
module. - corelist
utility is now installed with perl (see "New modules" above). - h2ph and h2xs
have been made more robust with regard to "modern" C code.h2xs
implements a new option--use-xsloader
to force use ofXSLoader
even in backwards compatible modules.The handling of authors' names that had apostrophes has been fixed.
Any enums with negative values are now skipped.
- perlivp
no longer checks for *.ph files by default. Use the new-a
option to run all tests. - find2perl
now assumes-print
as a default action. Previously, it needed to be specified explicitly.Several bugs have been fixed in
, regarding-exec
. Also the options-path
have been added. - config_data
is a new utility that comes withModule::Build
. It provides a command-line interface to the configuration of Perl modules that use Module::Build's framework of configurability (that is,*::ConfigData
modules that contain local configuration information for their parent modules.) - cpanp
, the CPANPLUS shell, has been added. (cpanp-run-perl
, a helper for CPANPLUS operation, has been added too, but isn't intended for direct use). - cpan2dist
is a new utility that comes with CPANPLUS. It's a tool to create distributions (or packages) from CPAN modules. - pod2html
The output of
has been enhanced to be more customizable via CSS. Some formatting problems were also corrected. (Jari Aalto)
New Documentation
The perlpragma manpage documents how to write one's own lexical pragmas in pure Perl (something that is possible starting with 5.9.4).
The new perlglossary manpage is a glossary of terms used in the Perl documentation, technical and otherwise, kindly provided by O'Reilly Media, Inc.
The perlreguts manpage, courtesy of Yves Orton, describes internals of the Perl regular expression engine.
The perlreapi manpage describes the interface to the perl interpreter used to write pluggable regular expression engines (by Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason).
The perlunitut manpage is an tutorial for programming with Unicode and string encodings in Perl, courtesy of Juerd Waalboer.
A new manual page, perlunifaq (the Perl Unicode FAQ), has been added (Juerd Waalboer).
The perlcommunity manpage gives a description of the Perl community on the Internet and in real life. (Edgar "Trizor" Bering)
The CORE manual page documents the CORE::
namespace. (Tels)
The long-existing feature of /(?{...})/
regexps setting $_
and pos() is now documented.
Performance Enhancements
In-place sorting
Sorting arrays in place (@a = sort @a
) is now optimized to avoid making a temporary copy of the array.
Likewise, reverse sort ...
is now optimized to sort in reverse, avoiding the generation of a temporary intermediate list.
Lexical array access
Access to elements of lexical arrays via a numeric constant between 0 and 255 is now faster. (This used to be only the case for global arrays.)
XS-assisted SWASHGET
Some pure-perl code that perl was using to retrieve Unicode properties and transliteration mappings has been reimplemented in XS.
Constant subroutines
The interpreter internals now support a far more memory efficient form of inlineable constants. Storing a reference to a constant value in a symbol table is equivalent to a full typeglob referencing a constant subroutine, but using about 400 bytes less memory. This proxy constant subroutine is automatically upgraded to a real typeglob with subroutine if necessary. The approach taken is analogous to the existing space optimisation for subroutine stub declarations, which are stored as plain scalars in place of the full typeglob.
Several of the core modules have been converted to use this feature for their system dependent constants - as a result use POSIX;
now takes about 200K less memory.
The new compilation flag PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
, introduced as an option in perl 5.8.8, is turned on by default in perl 5.9.3. It prevents perl from creating an empty scalar with every new typeglob. See perl588delta for details.
Weak references are cheaper
Weak reference creation is now O(1) rather than O(n), courtesy of Nicholas Clark. Weak reference deletion remains O(n), but if deletion only happens at program exit, it may be skipped completely.
sort() enhancements
Salvador Fandiño provided improvements to reduce the memory usage of sort
and to speed up some cases.
Memory optimisations
Several internal data structures (typeglobs, GVs, CVs, formats) have been restructured to use less memory. (Nicholas Clark)
UTF-8 cache optimisation
The UTF-8 caching code is now more efficient, and used more often. (Nicholas Clark)
Sloppy stat on Windows
On Windows, perl's stat() function normally opens the file to determine the link count and update attributes that may have been changed through hard links. Setting ${^WIN32_SLOPPY_STAT} to a true value speeds up stat() by not performing this operation. (Jan Dubois)
Regular expressions optimisations
- Engine de-recursivised
The regular expression engine is no longer recursive, meaning that patterns that used to overflow the stack will either die with useful explanations, or run to completion, which, since they were able to blow the stack before, will likely take a very long time to happen. If you were experiencing the occasional stack overflow (or segfault) and upgrade to discover that now perl apparently hangs instead, look for a degenerate regex. (Dave Mitchell)
- Single char char-classes treated as literals
Classes of a single character are now treated the same as if the character had been used as a literal, meaning that code that uses char-classes as an escaping mechanism will see a speedup. (Yves Orton)
- Trie optimisation of literal string alternations
Alternations, where possible, are optimised into more efficient matching structures. String literal alternations are merged into a trie and are matched simultaneously. This means that instead of O(N) time for matching N alternations at a given point, the new code performs in O(1) time. A new special variable, ${^RE_TRIE_MAXBUF}, has been added to fine-tune this optimization. (Yves Orton)
Note: Much code exists that works around perl's historic poor performance on alternations. Often the tricks used to do so will disable the new optimisations. Hopefully the utility modules used for this purpose will be educated about these new optimisations.
- Aho-Corasick start-point optimisation
When a pattern starts with a trie-able alternation and there aren't better optimisations available, the regex engine will use Aho-Corasick matching to find the start point. (Yves Orton)
Installation and Configuration Improvements
Configuration improvements
Run-time customization of @INC can be enabled by passing the
flag to Configure. When enabled, this will make perl run $sitelibexp/sitecustomize.pl before anything else. This script can then be set up to add additional entries to @INC. - Relocatable installations
There is now Configure support for creating a relocatable perl tree. If you Configure with
, then the paths in @INC (and everything else in %Config) can be optionally located via the path of the perl executable.That means that, if the string
is found at the start of any path, it's substituted with the directory of $^X. So, the relocation can be configured on a per-directory basis, although the default with-Duserelocatableinc
is that everything is relocated. The initial install is done to the original configured prefix. - strlcat() and strlcpy()
The configuration process now detects whether strlcat() and strlcpy() are available. When they are not available, perl's own version is used (from Russ Allbery's public domain implementation). Various places in the perl interpreter now use them. (Steve Peters)
A new configuration variable, available as
in the Config module, has been added, to distinguish real fork() support from fake pseudofork used on Windows platforms.A new configuration variable,
, has been added, to see if printf-like formats are allowed to be NULL. - Configure help
Configure -h
has been extended with the most commonly used options.
Compilation improvements
- Parallel build
Parallel makes should work properly now, although there may still be problems if
make test
is instructed to run in parallel. - Borland's compilers support
Building with Borland's compilers on Win32 should work more smoothly. In particular Steve Hay has worked to side step many warnings emitted by their compilers and at least one C compiler internal error.
- Static build on Windows
Perl extensions on Windows now can be statically built into the Perl DLL.
Also, it's now possible to build a
that doesn't depend on the Perl DLL on Win32. See the Win32 makefiles for details. (Vadim Konovalov) - ppport.h files
All ppport.h files in the XS modules bundled with perl are now autogenerated at build time. (Marcus Holland-Moritz)
- C++ compatibility
Efforts have been made to make perl and the core XS modules compilable with various C++ compilers (although the situation is not perfect with some of the compilers on some of the platforms tested.)
- Support for Microsoft 64-bit compiler
Support for building perl with Microsoft's 64-bit compiler has been improved. (ActiveState)
- Visual C++
Perl can now be compiled with Microsoft Visual C++ 2005 (and 2008 Beta 2).
- Win32 builds
All win32 builds (MS-Win, WinCE) have been merged and cleaned up.
Installation improvements
- Module auxiliary files
README files and changelogs for CPAN modules bundled with perl are no longer installed.
New Or Improved Platforms
Perl has been reported to work on Symbian OS. See perlsymbian for more information.
Many improvements have been made towards making Perl work correctly on z/OS.
Perl has been reported to work on DragonFlyBSD and MidnightBSD.
Perl has also been reported to work on NexentaOS ( http://www.gnusolaris.org/ ).
The VMS port has been improved. See perlvms.
Support for Cray XT4 Catamount/Qk has been added. See hints/catamount.sh in the source code distribution for more information.
Vendor patches have been merged for RedHat and Gentoo.
DynaLoader::dl_unload_file() now works on Windows.
Selected Bug Fixes
- strictures in regexp-eval blocks
wasn't in effect in regexp-eval blocks (/(?{...})/
). - Calling CORE::require()
CORE::require() and CORE::do() were always parsed as require() and do() when they were overridden. This is now fixed.
- Subscripts of slices
You can now use a non-arrowed form for chained subscripts after a list slice, like in:
({foo => "bar"})[0]{foo}
This used to be a syntax error; a
was required. no warnings 'category'
works correctly with -w-
Previously when running with warnings enabled globally via
, selective disabling of specific warning categories would actually turn off all warnings. This is now fixed; nowno warnings 'io';
will only turn off warnings in theio
class. Previously it would erroneously turn off all warnings. - threads improvements
Several memory leaks in ithreads were closed. Also, ithreads were made less memory-intensive.
is now a dual-life module, also available on CPAN. It has been expanded in many ways. A kill() method is available for thread signalling. One can get thread status, or the list of running or joinable threads.A new
method is used to exit from the application (this is the default for the main thread) or from the current thread only (this is the default for all other threads). On the other hand, the exit() built-in now always causes the whole application to terminate. (Jerry D. Hedden) - chr() and negative values
chr() on a negative value now gives
, the Unicode replacement character, unless when thebytes
pragma is in effect, where the low eight bits of the value are used. - PERL5SHELL and tainting
On Windows, the PERL5SHELL environment variable is now checked for taintedness. (Rafael Garcia-Suarez)
- Using *FILE{IO}
filetests now treat *FILE{IO} filehandles like *FILE filehandles. (Steve Peters) - Overloading and reblessing
Overloading now works when references are reblessed into another class. Internally, this has been implemented by moving the flag for "overloading" from the reference to the referent, which logically is where it should always have been. (Nicholas Clark)
- Overloading and UTF-8
A few bugs related to UTF-8 handling with objects that have stringification overloaded have been fixed. (Nicholas Clark)
- eval memory leaks fixed
eval 'syntax error'
has leaked badly. Many (but not all) of these leaks have now been eliminated or reduced. (Dave Mitchell) - Random device on Windows
In previous versions, perl would read the file /dev/urandom if it existed when seeding its random number generator. That file is unlikely to exist on Windows, and if it did would probably not contain appropriate data, so perl no longer tries to read it on Windows. (Alex Davies)
environment variable no longer has any effect for setuid scripts and for scripts run with -T.Moreover, with a thread-enabled perl, using
could lead to an internal buffer overflow. This has been fixed. - PerlIO::scalar and read-only scalars
PerlIO::scalar will now prevent writing to read-only scalars. Moreover, seek() is now supported with PerlIO::scalar-based filehandles, the underlying string being zero-filled as needed. (Rafael, Jarkko Hietaniemi)
- study() and UTF-8
study() never worked for UTF-8 strings, but could lead to false results. It's now a no-op on UTF-8 data. (Yves Orton)
- Critical signals
The signals SIGILL, SIGBUS and SIGSEGV are now always delivered in an "unsafe" manner (contrary to other signals, that are deferred until the perl interpreter reaches a reasonably stable state; see "Deferred Signals (Safe Signals)" in perlipc). (Rafael)
- @INC-hook fix
When a module or a file is loaded through an @INC-hook, and when this hook has set a filename entry in %INC, __FILE__ is now set for this module accordingly to the contents of that %INC entry. (Rafael)
switch fix-
switches can now be used together without messing up which categories of warnings are activated. (Rafael) - Duping UTF-8 filehandles
Duping a filehandle which has the
PerlIO layer set will now properly carry that layer on the duped filehandle. (Rafael) - Localisation of hash elements
Localizing a hash element whose key was given as a variable didn't work correctly if the variable was changed while the local() was in effect (as in
local $h{$x}; ++$x
). (Bo Lindbergh)
New or Changed Diagnostics
- Use of uninitialized value
Perl will now try to tell you the name of the variable (if any) that was undefined.
- Deprecated use of my() in false conditional
A new deprecation warning, Deprecated use of my() in false conditional, has been added, to warn against the use of the dubious and deprecated construct
my $x if 0;
See perldiag. Use
variables instead. - !=~ should be !~
A new warning,
!=~ should be !~
, is emitted to prevent this misspelling of the non-matching operator. - Newline in left-justified string
The warning Newline in left-justified string has been removed.
- Too late for "-T" option
The error Too late for "-T" option has been reformulated to be more descriptive.
- "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration
This warning is now emitted in more consistent cases; in short, when one of the declarations involved is a
variable:my $x; my $x; # warns my $x; our $x; # warns our $x; my $x; # warns
On the other hand, the following:
our $x; our $x;
now gives a
"our" variable %s redeclared
warning. - readdir()/closedir()/etc. attempted on invalid dirhandle
These new warnings are now emitted when a dirhandle is used but is either closed or not really a dirhandle.
- Opening dirhandle/filehandle %s also as a file/directory
Two deprecation warnings have been added: (Rafael)
Opening dirhandle %s also as a file Opening filehandle %s also as a directory
- Use of -P is deprecated
Perl's command-line switch
is now deprecated. - v-string in use/require is non-portable
Perl will warn you against potential backwards compatibility problems with the
use VERSION
syntax. - perl -V
perl -V
has several improvements, making it more useable from shell scripts to get the value of configuration variables. See perlrun for details.
Changed Internals
In general, the source code of perl has been refactored, tidied up, and optimized in many places. Also, memory management and allocation has been improved in several points.
When compiling the perl core with gcc, as many gcc warning flags are turned on as is possible on the platform. (This quest for cleanliness doesn't extend to XS code because we cannot guarantee the tidiness of code we didn't write.) Similar strictness flags have been added or tightened for various other C compilers.
Reordering of SVt_* constants
The relative ordering of constants that define the various types of SV
have changed; in particular, SVt_PVGV
has been moved before SVt_PVLV
, SVt_PVAV
, SVt_PVHV
and SVt_PVCV
. This is unlikely to make any difference unless you have code that explicitly makes assumptions about that ordering. (The inheritance hierarchy of B::*
objects has been changed to reflect this.)
Elimination of SVt_PVBM
Related to this, the internal type SVt_PVBM
has been been removed. This dedicated type of SV
was used by the index
operator and parts of the regexp engine to facilitate fast Boyer-Moore matches. Its use internally has been replaced by SV
s of type SVt_PVGV
New type SVt_BIND
A new type SVt_BIND
has been added, in readiness for the project to implement Perl 6 on 5. There deliberately is no implementation yet, and they cannot yet be created or destroyed.
Removal of CPP symbols
The C preprocessor symbols PERL_PM_APIVERSION
and PERL_XS_APIVERSION
, which were supposed to give the version number of the oldest perl binary-compatible (resp. source-compatible) with the present one, were not used, and sometimes had misleading values. They have been removed.
Less space is used by ops
The BASEOP
structure now uses less space. The op_seq
field has been removed and replaced by a single bit bit-field op_opt
. op_type
is now 9 bits long. (Consequently, the B::OP
class doesn't provide an seq
method anymore.)
New parser
perl's parser is now generated by bison (it used to be generated by byacc.) As a result, it seems to be a bit more robust.
Also, Dave Mitchell improved the lexer debugging output under -DT
Use of const
Andy Lester supplied many improvements to determine which function parameters and local variables could actually be declared const
to the C compiler. Steve Peters provided new *_set
macros and reworked the core to use these rather than assigning to macros in LVALUE context.
A new file, mathoms.c, has been added. It contains functions that are no longer used in the perl core, but that remain available for binary or source compatibility reasons. However, those functions will not be compiled in if you add -DNO_MATHOMS
in the compiler flags.
has been removed
The AvFLAGS
macro has been removed.
The av_*()
functions, used to manipulate arrays, no longer accept null AV*
$^H and %^H
The implementation of the special variables $^H and %^H has changed, to allow implementing lexical pragmas in pure Perl.
B:: modules inheritance changed
The inheritance hierarchy of B::
modules has changed; B::NV
now inherits from B::SV
(it used to inherit from B::IV
Anonymous hash and array constructors
The anonymous hash and array constructors now take 1 op in the optree instead of 3, now that pp_anonhash and pp_anonlist return a reference to an hash/array when the op is flagged with OPf_SPECIAL. (Nicholas Clark)
Known Problems
There's still a remaining problem in the implementation of the lexical $_
: it doesn't work inside /(?{...})/
blocks. (See the TODO test in t/op/mydef.t.)
Stacked filetest operators won't work when the filetest
pragma is in effect, because they rely on the stat() buffer _
being populated, and filetest bypasses stat().
UTF-8 problems
The handling of Unicode still is unclean in several places, where it's dependent on whether a string is internally flagged as UTF-8. This will be made more consistent in perl 5.12, but that won't be possible without a certain amount of backwards incompatibility.
Platform Specific Problems
When compiled with g++ and thread support on Linux, it's reported that the $!
stops working correctly. This is related to the fact that the glibc provides two strerror_r(3) implementation, and perl selects the wrong one.
Reporting Bugs
If you find what you think is a bug, you might check the articles recently posted to the comp.lang.perl.misc newsgroup and the perl bug database at http://rt.perl.org/rt3/ . There may also be information at http://www.perl.org/ , the Perl Home Page.
If you believe you have an unreported bug, please run the perlbug program included with your release. Be sure to trim your bug down to a tiny but sufficient test case. Your bug report, along with the output of perl -V
, will be sent off to firstname.lastname@example.com to be analysed by the Perl porting team.
The Changes file and the perl590delta to perl595delta man pages for exhaustive details on what changed.
The INSTALL file for how to build Perl.
The README file for general stuff.
The Artistic and Copying files for copyright information.

subset: commoncrawl


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Compliance with the guidelines of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (www.icmje.org) is recommended, in accordance with the patient's consent for research or participation in a study for Bentham Publication as per the applicable laws and regulations regarding the privacy and/or security of personal information, including, but not limited to, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 ("HIPAA") and other U.S. federal and state laws relating to confidentiality and security of personally distinguishable evidence, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) (EU) 2016/679 and member state implementing legislation, Canada's Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act, India's Information Technology Act and related Privacy Rules, (together "Data Protection and Privacy Laws").
It is the responsibility of the author to ensure that:
- Patients' names, initials, or hospital numbers must not be mentioned anywhere in the manuscript (including figures).
- Authors are responsible for obtaining patient consent-to-disclose forms for all recognizable patients in photographs, videos, or other information that may be published in the Journal, in derivative works, or on the journal's web site and for providing the manuscript to the recognizable patient for review before submission.
- The consent-to-disclose form should indicate specific use (publication in the medical literature in print and online, with the understanding that patients and the public will have access) of the patient's information and any images in figures or videos, and must contain the patient's signature or that of a legal guardian along with a statement that the patient or legal guardian has been offered the opportunity to review the identifying materials and the accompanying manuscript.
- If the manuscript has an individuals' data, such as personal detail, audio-video material, etc., consent should be obtained from that individual. In case of children, consent should be obtained from the parent or the legal guardian.
- A specific declaration of such approval and consent-to-disclose form must be made in the copyright letter and in a stand-alone paragraph at the end of the article especially in the case of human studies where inclusion of a statement regarding obtaining the written informed consent from each subject or subject's guardian is a must. The original should be retained by the guarantor or corresponding author. Editors may request to provide the original forms by fax or email.
- All such case reports should be followed by a proper consent prior to publishing.
Editors may request that authors provide documentation of the formal review and recommendation from the institutional review board or ethics committee responsible for oversight of the study. The editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with the above-mentioned requirements. The author will be held responsible for false statements or failure to fulfill the above-mentioned requirements.
- Non-identifiable Images: Anonymous images, that do not identify the individual directly or indirectly, such as through any identifying marks or text, do not require formal consent, for example, x-rays, ultrasound images, pathology slides or laparoscopic images.
If case of not obtaining consent, concealing the identity through eye bars or blurring the face would not be acceptable. - Appeals and Complaints: Generally, the editorial decisions are not reverted. However, authors who think that their manuscript was rejected due to a misunderstanding or mistake may seek an explanation for the decision. Appeals must give sound reasoning and compelling evidence against the criticism raised in the rejection letter. A difference of opinion as to the interest, novelty, or suitability of the manuscript for the journal will not be considered as an appeal. The EIC and other relevant editors will consider the appeal and the decision thereafter taken by the journal will be deemed final. Acceptance of the manuscript is not guaranteed even if the journal agrees to reconsider the manuscript, and the reconsideration process may involve previous or new reviewers or editors and substantive revision.
Authors who wish to make a complaint should refer them to the Editor-in-Chief of the journal concerned. Complaints to the Publisher may be emailed to email@example.com - Plagiarism Prevention: Bentham OPEN uses the iThenticate software to detect instances of overlapping and similar text in submitted manuscripts. iThenticate software checks the content against a database of periodicals, the Internet, and a comprehensive article database. It generates a similarity report, highlighting the percentage overlap between the uploaded article and the published material. Any instance of content overlap is further scrutinized for suspected plagiarism according to the publisher's Editorial Policies. Bentham OPEN allows an overall similarity of 20% for a manuscript to be considered for publication. The similarity percentage is further checked keeping the following important points in view:
Low Text Similarity: The text of every submitted manuscript is checked using the Content Tracking mode in iThenticate. This mode ensures that manuscripts with an overall low percentage similarity (but which may have a higher similarity from a single source) are not overlooked. The acceptable limit for similarity of text from a single source is 5%. If the similarity level is above 5%, then the manuscript is returned to the author for paraphrasing the text and citing the original source of the copied material.
It is important to mention that the text taken from different sources with an overall low similarity percentage will be considered as a plagiarized content if the majority of the article is a combination of copied material.
High Text Similarity: There may be some manuscripts with an overall low similarity percentage, but a higher percentage from a single source. A manuscript may have less than 20% overall similarity but there may be 15 % similar text taken from a single article. The similarity index in such cases is higher than the approved limit for a single source. Authors are advised to thoroughly rephrase the similar text and properly cite the original source to avoid plagiarism and copyright violation.
Types of Plagiarism: We all know that scholarly manuscripts are written after thorough review of previously published articles. It is therefore not easy to draw a clear boundary between legitimate representation and plagiarism. However, the following important features can assist in identifying different kinds of plagiarized content. These are:
- Reproduction of others words, sentences, ideas or findings as one's own without proper acknowledgement.
- Text recycling, also known as self-plagiarism. It is the author's use of a previous publication in another paper without proper citation and acknowledgement of the original source.
- Poor paraphrasing, copying complete paragraphs and modifying a few words without changing the structure of original sentences or changing the sentence structure but not the words.
- Verbatim copying of text without putting quotation marks and not acknowledging the work of the original author.
- Properly citing a work but poorly paraphrasing the original text is considered as unintentional plagiarism. Similarly, manuscripts with language between paraphrasing and quoting are not acceptable. Authors should either paraphrase properly or quote and in both cases, cite the original source.
- Higher similarity in the abstract, introduction, materials and methods, and discussion and conclusion sections indicates that the manuscript may contain plagiarized text. Authors can easily explain these parts of the manuscript in many ways. However, technical terms and sometimes standard procedures cannot be rephrased; therefore, Editors must review these sections carefully before making a decision.
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Bentham OPEN (Licensor) grants the author(s) a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, and non-commercial perpetual license to exercise the rights in the article published as stated below:- All articles are published under the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode), which permits unrestricted, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided that the work is properly cited.
- The authors retain the copyright of their published article. They will also have the right to:
- Reproduce the article, to incorporate the article into one or more collective works, and to reproduce the article as incorporated in collective works;
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- Distribute Copies
- Any commercial application of the work, with prior agreement by the author, is exclusively granted to Bentham OPEN
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- Bentham OPEN offers affordable article processing fees, ranking amongst the lowest as compared to those of other OPEN access journal publishers. An article-processing fee payable by the author/ author's institution applies for every accepted article, to cover the costs incurred by OPEN access publication. Members of Bentham OPEN are entitled to discounted article processing fees.
- Authors can self-archive post prints of their published articles.
- Authors can reproduce derivative works of the article for educational purposes and distribute its copies.
- Publication Charges Policy: Bentham OPEN is committed to disseminating research and scholarly publications as widely as possible. It supports the principle that 'the results of research that have been publicly funded should be freely accessible in the public domain' and therefore it encourages researchers to make their research available through Open Access (OA).
Open access publishing is not without costs. To provide open access, Bentham OPEN journals partly defray the expenses of peer review, journal production, and online hosting and archiving from authors and their research sponsors by charging a publication fee for each article they publish. The fees vary by journal. The publication fee details for each article published in Bentham OPEN in this journal is given below:
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The following special discounts are offered to authors and editorial board members:- Authors from developing countries are entitled to 30% discount of their article publication fee submitted to any of the Bentham OPEN journals.
- Authors from Bentham OPEN Member institutes are entitled to 30% discount of their article publication fee submitted to any of the Bentham OPEN journals.
- Editorial Board Members and Editors of Bentham OPEN journals are allowed ONE free publication annually. Subsequent submissions from Editorial Board Members are published at 50% discount of the standard publication fee.
- Waiver and additional discount requests are decided on the basis of author's country of origin and quality of the submitted article. Editors and reviewers have no access to whether authors are able to pay; decisions to publish are only based on meeting the editorial criteria.
- Errata or a Corrigenda and Corrections in Published Articles: Authors and readers are encouraged to notify the Editor-in-Chief if they discover errors in published content, authors' names and affiliations or if they have reasons for concern over the legitimacy of a publication. In such cases, Bentham OPEN will publish an ERRATUM or a CORRIGENDUM, in consultation with the Editor-in-Chief and authors of the article, and/or replace or retract the article.
- Article Withdrawal: Articles in Press (articles that have been accepted for publication or published as E-pub Ahead of Schedule but which have not been formally published with volume/issue/page information) that include errors, or are determined to violate the publishing ethics guidelines such as multiple submission, fake claims of authorship, plagiarism, fraudulent use of data or the like, may be "Withdrawn" from the journal. Withdrawal means that the article files are removed and replaced with a PDF stating that the article has been withdrawn from the journal in accordance with Bentham OPEN Editorial Policies.
- Article Retraction: Published articles (with volume/issue/page information), which may contain infringements of professional ethical codes, such as multiple submission, bogus claims of authorship, plagiarism, fraudulent use of data or the like, are retracted.
- A retraction note titled "Retraction: [article title]" signed by the authors and/or the Editor-in-Chief is published in the paginated part of a subsequent issue of the journal and listed in the contents list.
- In the electronic version, a link is made to the original article.
- The online article is preceded by a screen containing the retraction note. It is to this screen that the link resolves; the reader can then proceed to the article itself.
- The original article is retained unchanged with a watermark on the PDF indicating on each page that it is "retracted."
- Concurrent publication/Simultaneous submission: It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to the Bentham journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered.
Abstracts and posters of conferences, results presented at meetings (for example, to inform investigators or participants about findings), results databases (data without interpretation, discussion, context or conclusions in the form of tables and text to describe data/information where this is not easily presented in tabular form) are not considered prior to publication.
Authors who wish to publish translations of the articles that have been published elsewhere should ensure that they have appropriate permission(s), indicate clearly that the material has been translated and re-published, and indicate clearly the original source of the material. The Editor-in-Chief may request copies of related publications if he/she is concerned about overlap and possible redundancy. - Disclaimer: Responsibility for the content published by Bentham OPEN in any of its journals, including any opinions expressed therein, rests exclusively with the author(s) of such content. To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, Bentham OPEN (on its own behalf, and on behalf of its staff and members of its editorial board) disclaims responsibility for any and all injury and/or damage (whether financial or otherwise) to persons or property, resulting directly or indirectly from any ideas, methods, instructions or products (including errors in the same) referred to in the content of any of Bentham OPEN journals. Any dispute arising, including any claim, shall be governed exclusively by the laws of the United Arab Emirates, as applied in the Emirate of Sharjah.


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3 The scope of the survey comprises the following:
4 Excluded from the statistics is construction activity not defined as building (e.g. roads, bridges, railways, earthworks, etc.). Statistics for this activity can be found in Engineering Construction Activity, Australia (cat. no. 8762.0).
VALUE DATA 6 Statistics on the value of building work approved are derived by aggregating the estimated 'value of building work when completed' as reported on building approval documents provided to local councils or other building approval authorities. Conceptually these value data should exclude the value of land and landscaping but include site preparation costs. These estimates are usually a reliable indicator of the completed value of 'houses'. However, for 'other residential buildings' and 'non-residential buildings', they can differ significantly from the completed value of the building as final costs and contracts have not been established before council approval is sought and gained.
Dwelling Unit Commencements, Australia, Preliminary, cat. no. 8750.0 Construction Work Done, Australia, Preliminary, cat. no. 8755.0 Engineering Construction Activity, Australia, cat. no. 8762.0 House Price Indexes: Eight Capital Cities, cat. no. 6416.0 Housing Finance, Australia, cat. no. 5609.0 Producer Price Indexes, Australia, cat. no. 6427.0. 27 While building approvals value series are shown inclusive of GST, this is different to building activity - Building Activity, Australia (cat. no. 8752.0) and Construction Work Done, Australia, Preliminary (cat. no. 8755.0) - in which residential work is published inclusive of GST and non-residential work exclusive of GST. In the Engineering Construction Survey - Engineering Construction Activity, Australia (cat. no. 8762.0) all values exclude GST.
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NPR's Margot Adler is covering the aftermath of Superstorm Sandy in New York.
I walked out of my apartment at 5 this morning in a part of Manhattan -– the Upper West Side — that never lost power. Still, I skirted around downed trees on my way to the subway. Across the street, a car was crushed by a tree. Almost no one was on the street.
Yesterday, the traffic on the streets was a horror show. I raced back to my apartment — about four miles — to be there in time for kids on Halloween. I passed 30 buses in the gridlocked streets — all of them so much slower than me. Now, even with new regulations that at least three people must be in cars coming into Manhattan, the traffic at 5:30 a.m. was double what was usual.
When I reached the subway, there was yellow police tape across the turnstiles. The doors were open; the subway was free. But there were no trains yet, just a couple of us stragglers waiting on the platform.
When a train came by, it was only for subway workers. "It's a test train," said the conductor. He wouldn't open the doors, but he was ebullient. "I feel great. I have a job! I love the trains," he said. And he passed us by.
As the morning lengthened, the trains filled up, and I noticed that people were beginning to relax. I took four different trains just to see what was happening, and by 9 a.m., some of the trains were packed.
Grand Central Terminal was bustling, even though service to Connecticut and upstate New York was limited. Penn Station had tape blocking access to Amtrak and New Jersey Transit –- neither was running — but the Long Island Rail Road had some service, and people were getting on and off trains.
But of all the scenes I saw, the strangest and craziest was on 34th Street and Lexington Avenue. It's there that people catch buses to get to lower Manhattan where power is still out, or to Brooklyn because the tunnels under the river are still filled with water.
As of this morning, there was no power on 34th and Lexington, a huge intersection only four blocks east of Macy's. Shops on both sides of the street were still dark. There was one deli selling water and muffins, although it had no electricity.
When I got there, traffic cops were directing cars and pedestrians since there were no street lights. On Lexington Avenue, right in front of some 20 bags of smelly garbage, were scores of people waiting for buses to get to Brooklyn and seeking a way downtown to Wall Street or City Hall.
There was total confusion. All the buses had strange new names: "The A Train Bus," whatever that meant. "The Jay Street Bus" — that is Brooklyn.
These buses were mixed with regular buses, so people were constantly trying to figure out where they should go and what bus they should take. Dispatchers were screaming to the bus drivers, "Don't cause gridlock," and to the passengers, "Don't stand in the middle of the street."
And yet through all of this, people here have been very calm; they're taking it all in stride. If the commute took three hours — and for some people it did — then that was what it was.
There is often an incredible resiliency when city dwellers face crisis. Certainly here in New York, it felt a tiny bit like the city after Sept. 11, 2001: The sense that we are all one community and that no one sweats the small stuff.
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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If you'd like to enquire about our CSR programme, email firstname.lastname@example.com
Sprintax from Taxback.com is our online self-preparation tool for US federal and state tax returns.
It's fully guided, more cost-effective for you, and will guarantee you stay fully compliant with US tax laws.
By using Sprintax, you will also get the maximum US tax refund.


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Let us know if you are looking for something that's not yet listed on our store. Fill out this form and we'll get back to you soon!
Karcher K4 Premium Pressure Washer Outlet Elbow
About this item
Weight: 0.24 kg
✓ This product has delivery insurance
This product has Delivery Insurance.
We ensure the delivery of your order.
All orders are insured to reach destination. In case of not arriving at the destination in the time stipulated by the carrier or after 75 days of placing the order, contact us.
Important information
When you order this item, we purchase it from local official stores and ship it to you on your behalf. All items are 100% genuine and sold by the original manufacturer or authorized distributors. Trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Unless otherwise indicated, Latinafy is not affiliated to listed trademarks or merchants.


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XS::Typemap - module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
use XS::Typemap;
$output = T_IV( $input );
$output = T_PV( $input );
@output = T_ARRAY( @input );
This module is used to test that the XS typemaps distributed with perl are working as advertised. A function is available for each typemap definition (eventually). In general each function takes a variable, processes it through the OUTPUT typemap and then returns it using the INPUT typemap.
A test script can then compare the input and output to make sure they are the expected values. When only an input or output function is provided the function will be named after the typemap entry and have either '_IN' or '_OUT' appended.
All the functions are exported. There is no reason not to do this since the entire purpose is for testing Perl. Namespace pollution will be limited to the test script.
This module is for testing only and should not normally be installed.
Tim Jenness <email@example.com>
Copyright (C) 2001 Tim Jenness All Rights Reserved. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.


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Rolex Steel and Everose Gold Datejust 31 Watch - 46 Diamond Bezel - Silver Diamond Dial - Jubilee Bracelet - 278381RBR sdj
31mm Everose Rolesor case comprised of Oystersteel and 18K Everose gold, screw-down back, screw-down crown with twinlock double waterproofness system, 18K Everose gold bezel set with 46 diamonds, scratch-resistant sapphire crystal with cyclops lens over the date, silver dial, diamond hour markers, Rolex calibre 2236 perpetual self-winding movement with date at 3 o'clock, approximately 55 hours of power reserve, Everose Rolesor Jubilee bracelet with semi-circular three-piece links, concealed folding Crownclasp buckle. Waterproof to 100 meters. Baselworld 2019 release.
Green Acres Jewelry is pleased to offer fully insured second day air shipping free of charge on all domestic orders and economical international shipment around the World.
All items labeled as Special Order will be shipped in 2-5 business days from order date. Because these are items specially ordered from our supplier to fulfill the order, there is a slight delay compared to our regular, in-stock inventory.
All items listed on our website for purchase are in stock and ready to ship. For verified payments received prior to 4pm, we generally ship the same business day. Shipments go out Monday – Friday, excluding holidays.
Each item is pulled from our showcase, and verified against the listing on the website.
The item then goes to our expert team of jewelry makes where it undergoes as series of tests using state-of- the-art equipment. The watchmaking team runs this final stage of testing to ensure the proper cosmetic condition, timing accuracy and water-resistance (when applicable).
Your order will be inspected, securely packed, and shipped by UPS or Fedex. Orders can be shipped to your billing address.
All shipments are fully insured and securely packed. A signature is required at the time of delivery or pick up.
We are proud to offer shipping to over 60 countries around the world. It is the customer's responsibility to ensure that the item can be legally imported into the destination country. Regulations may prohibit importation of items made with exotic materials.
Green Acres Jewelry is obligated by law to collect sales tax on shipping and handling fees associated with taxable orders shipped to NY State addresses.
Any customs charges, import/export duties, or other fees and taxes applicable to international orders are the responsibility of the customer, even if you refuse the shipment on delivery. Some countries charge additional Collect on Delivery (COD) fees, which are collected by the carrier at the time of delivery and which do not go to Green Acres Jewelry. In certain cases, customs officers may have the right to delay or deny the delivery of your package; we have no control over this, but we do reduce the likelihood of it happening by shipping with reliable international carriers like UPS and FedEx.


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Last Updated: Jul 22, 2024
As a Personal Financial Representative in RI and MA, I know many local families. My knowledge and understanding of the people in this community help me provide customers with an outstanding level of service. I look forward to helping families like yours protect the things that are important – your family, home, car and more. I can also help you prepare a strategy to achieve your financial goals. |


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Winter Eye Protection
It may seem strange, but sunglasses are just as important in winter as they are in summer.
The same UV rays that give us sunburns on the beach are just as dangerous on a snowy mountain. Even if most of our skin is covered by thick layers of snow gear, our eyes can still be vulnerable without the proper eye protection.
Dry Winter Air Leads to Winter Dry Eye
The air tends to be dryer in winter than in other seasons, and when we turn on the heaters inside to stay cozy in our homes and cars, we dry it out even more. That means anyone prone to dry eye is more likely to feel that gritty eye irritation in winter. Some good strategies for avoiding winter dry eye are staying hydrated and using a humidifier, and maybe let the seat warmers do more of the work in the car than the heater.
A Bright Snowy Day Can Result in Snow Blindness
There are a few ways the winter sun can harm our eyes. Too much sun on a snowy day, if we aren't wearing eye protection, can lead to a temporary condition called snow blindness. This also happens to welders and tanning bed enthusiasts who aren't careful. Skiers and snowboarders should be especially cautious because the snow reflects sunlight, greatly increasing the UV exposure to the unprotected eyes.
Symptoms of snow blindness include pain and burning in the eyes, feeling like something is stuck in them, light sensitivity, swollen eyelids, watery eyes, headache, blurred vision, and exaggerated glare around lights indoors. However, snow blindness doesn't always set in immediately, which can leave a window of several hours to keep getting more damaging sun exposure before you notice it!
Goggles for the Winter Athlete
Before hitting those bright, sunny slopes, we recommend finding a good pair of goggles. They provide better coverage than sunglasses, they can fit over glasses, and some even come with anti-fog coatings to keep them from steaming up! Explore your options with colored lenses, because different colors can be helpful in different conditions. There are also universal lenses that work pretty well in all conditions!
Don't Put Those Sunglasses Away in Winter
Everywhere but a mountainside, the right pair of sunglasses is a great defense against the sun in winter. Polarized lenses aren't ideal for skiing and snowboarding because they can make it harder to see the contours of the slopes, but they're fantastic everywhere else. They block the light coming in from certain angles, which eliminates glare. Make sure to look for sunglasses that are UV-blocking and polarized. We're happy to help you find the perfect pair if you're not sure where to begin!
Bring Us Your Winter Eye Protection Questions!
We want our patients to have a fantastic winter, and part of that is knowing you've got great eye protection for all your favorite winter activities. We can help you discover which features are most important in a pair of goggles or sunglasses, and of course we're always here for eye exams and prescription updates when you need those!


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Ever wonder how your favorite songs are made? Ever wonder what happens between the time it takes your favorite artist to record a song and the time it plays on your radio? The process of making music is a specialized art, and there are a handful of amazing technicians working behind the scenes to help engineer the hits we all love and enjoy.
We recently sat down with legendary record producer and mix engineer Tony Maserati to discuss his evolution in the audio industry, his work with Jason Mraz and what it takes to become a great producer/engineer. Maserati's work encompasses worldwide sales in excess of 100 million units, and his unique sound can be heard across numerous genres and styles of music. With multiple Grammy Awards to his credit, Maserati's insights are endless and inspiring!


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ISZ 3825 is a dateless style registration number and is our own stock number and therefore you will not find it cheaper or get it transferred quicker anywhere. The registration is currently on a vehicle so it will take 5 - 7 working days for the DVLA to process a vehicle-to-vehicle transfer.
This number can go onto any vehicle, regardless of its age because when this range was first released there was no tie-in to a specific year. These numbers are ideal for both older and newer vehicles because you are not making an older vehicle look newer. Being ageless, the letters and numbers in the registration stand out more - ideal for names, initials etc that match 'ISZ' or that special '3825' number.
Originally released in Northern Irelend, which has no date related numbers, makes this number a lower priced number than a similar dateless number from the UK mainland. Its Irish roots are seen by the presence of either an I or Z on a dateless style number. UK mainland dateless numbers stopped at the end of 1962 and so there is less availability and therefore the prices tend to be higher than the Northern Irish counterparts. Northern Irish numbers are still able to be transferred to mainland UK vehicles with no extra procedures or costs, therefore you get a personalised number at an amazing price!


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The following recipes as well as the links I've added (see last year's post) could be very useful....
My recipes:
. Apple Latkes (see recipe and infos), although they are generally eaten for Hanukkah
. Baba Ganoush (see recipe and infos)
. Bagels (see recipe and infos)
. Challah (see recipe and infos)
. Chopped Liver (see recipe and infos)
. Lemon Honey Cookies (see recipe and infos)
. Noodle Kugel (see recipe and infos), add apples and sprinkle with honey if you want
. Pumpkin Apple Bread (see recipe and infos), replace the sugar by honey
. Quick No-Fat Apple Cake (see recipes and infos) served with honey
. Rhubarb Upside-Down Pudding (see recipe and infos), replace the rhubarb by apple slices
. Stir-Fried Matzah Balls With Bell Peppers (see recipe and infos)
. Zimtsterne (see recipe and infos)
Great food blogs and links:
. Baroness Trapuzina (see blog)
. Cooking With Yiddishe Mama (see blog)
. Gluten-Free Bay (see blog)
. Is That My Buréka? (see blog)
. My Mom's Recipes And More (see blog)
. Once Upon A Feast (see blog)
. The Jew & The Carrot (see blog)
. About.com (see link)
. All Recipes (see link)
. Cyber Kitchen (see link)
. Epicurious (see link)
. Holidays.net (see link)
. Jewish Recipes (see link)
. Jewishfood (see link)
. My Recipes (see link)
. Recipezaar (see link)
May you have a festive and pleasant Rosh Hashanah!
And for those of you who are muslim, Ramadan Karim!!!


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Do you suppose your boss/teacher might then call you in for a little chat? You know, just to see how the ol' home life was going? Maybe see if you needed anything, support and/or prescription-wise?
Because, as you may have guessed, this really isn't a purely hypothetical question.
In fact, from the looks of things I'd say a few of these wreckerators are one more "That's Karl with a Q" away from a destructive binge that ends with them pole-vaulting the counter and riding the floor waxer out in a blaze of glory.
So here's an idea, bakeries: Why not hire a psychologist to come in every now and then, you know, just to browse through the cakes? That way, when something like this pops up:
Or even to stage some kind of intervention:
Don't worry, Amy W., Katie M., Magic Girl, Krystal K., & Kate F.; I hear they serve cake at those.