text:
41.7. Rules Versus Triggers
Many things that can be done using triggers can also be
implemented using the
rule system. One of the things that cannot be implemented by
rules are some kinds of constraints, especially foreign keys. It is possible
to place a qualified rule that rewrites a command to
if the value of a column does not appear in another table.
But then the data is silently thrown away and that's
not a good idea. If checks for valid values are required,
and in the case of an invalid value an error message should
be generated, it must be done by a trigger.
In this chapter, we focused on using rules to update views. All of
the update rule examples in this chapter can also be implemented
triggers on the views. Writing such
triggers is often easier than writing rules, particularly if complex
logic is required to perform the update.
For the things that can be implemented by both, which is best depends on the usage of the database. A trigger is fired once for each affected row. A rule modifies the query or generates an additional query. So if many rows are affected in one statement, a rule issuing one extra command is likely to be faster than a trigger that is called for every single row and must re-determine what to do many times. However, the trigger approach is conceptually far simpler than the rule approach, and is easier for novices to get right.
Here we show an example of how the choice of rules versus triggers plays out in one situation. There are two tables:
CREATE TABLE computer ( hostname text, -- indexed manufacturer text -- indexed ); CREATE TABLE software ( software text, -- indexed hostname text -- indexed );
Both tables have many thousands of rows and the indexes on
are unique. The rule or trigger should
implement a constraint that deletes rows from
that reference a deleted computer. The trigger would use this command:
DELETE FROM software WHERE hostname = $1;
Since the trigger is called for each individual row deleted from
, it can prepare and save the plan for this
command and pass the
value in the
parameter. The rule would be written as:
CREATE RULE computer_del AS ON DELETE TO computer DO DELETE FROM software WHERE hostname = OLD.hostname;
Now we look at different types of deletes. In the case of a:
DELETE FROM computer WHERE hostname = 'mypc.local.net';
the table
is scanned by index (fast), and the
command issued by the trigger would also use an index scan (also fast).
The extra command from the rule would be:
DELETE FROM software WHERE computer.hostname = 'mypc.local.net' AND software.hostname = computer.hostname;
Since there are appropriate indexes set up, the planner will create a plan of
Nestloop -> Index Scan using comp_hostidx on computer -> Index Scan using soft_hostidx on software
So there would be not that much difference in speed between the trigger and the rule implementation.
With the next delete we want to get rid of all the 2000 computers
where the
starts with
. There are two possible commands to do that. One
DELETE FROM computer WHERE hostname >= 'old' AND hostname < 'ole'
The command added by the rule will be:
DELETE FROM software WHERE computer.hostname >= 'old' AND computer.hostname < 'ole' AND software.hostname = computer.hostname;
with the plan
Hash Join -> Seq Scan on software -> Hash -> Index Scan using comp_hostidx on computer
The other possible command is:
DELETE FROM computer WHERE hostname ~ '^old';
which results in the following executing plan for the command added by the rule:
Nestloop -> Index Scan using comp_hostidx on computer -> Index Scan using soft_hostidx on software
This shows, that the planner does not realize that the
qualification for
could also be used for an index scan on
when there are multiple qualification
expressions combined with
, which is what it does
in the regular-expression version of the command. The trigger will
get invoked once for each of the 2000 old computers that have to be
deleted, and that will result in one index scan over
and 2000 index scans over
. The rule implementation will do it with two
commands that use indexes. And it depends on the overall size of
the table
whether the rule will still be faster in the
sequential scan situation. 2000 command executions from the trigger over the SPI
manager take some time, even if all the index blocks will soon be in the cache.
The last command we look at is:
DELETE FROM computer WHERE manufacturer = 'bim';
Again this could result in many rows to be deleted from
. So the trigger will again run many commands
through the executor. The command generated by the rule will be:
DELETE FROM software WHERE computer.manufacturer = 'bim' AND software.hostname = computer.hostname;
The plan for that command will again be the nested loop over two
index scans, only using a different index on
Nestloop -> Index Scan using comp_manufidx on computer -> Index Scan using soft_hostidx on software
In any of these cases, the extra commands from the rule system will be more or less independent from the number of affected rows in a command.
The summary is, rules will only be significantly slower than triggers if their actions result in large and badly qualified joins, a situation where the planner fails.


text:
token gating
Big Tech & AI September 18, 2022
Solo Ceesay's Calaxy Quest
Big Tech & AI September 5, 2022
Boardroom is a sports, media and entertainment brand co-founded by Kevin Durant and Rich Kleiman and focused on the intersection of sports and entertainment. Boardroom's flagship media arm features premium video/audio, editorial, daily and weekly newsletters, showcasing how athletes, executives, musicians and creators are moving the business world forward. Boardroom's ecosystem encompasses B2B events and experiences (such as its renowned NBA and WNBA All-Star events) as well as ticketed conferences such as Game Plan in partnership with CNBC. Our advisory arm serves to consult and connect athletes, brands and executives with our broader network and initiatives.
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Boardroom's sister company, Boardroom Sports Holdings, features investments in emerging sports teams and leagues, including the Major League Pickleball team, the Brooklyn Aces, NWSL champions Gotham FC, and MLS' Philadelphia Union.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Alter/Native | Shampoo Bar - Lavender & Geranium - With tea tree | 95g
Indulge in the luxurious scent of lavender & geranium with tea tree in this vegan shampoo bar. Moisturizing & nourishing, it's perfect for most hair types & even your body. Made with essential oils & free from harmful ingredients, it's cruelty-free & eco-friendly. Change is in your hands.
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Denomination: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Ala Jundiai Mirim (jundiai Mirim Ward) welcomes Christians and those who seek to understand Christianity in the Jundiai area. Our aim is to make contact with and encourage others to join us in our life-enhancing Christian journey.
Ala Jundiai Mirim (jundiai Mirim Ward) at Jundiai, Sao Paulo is a friendly Christian community where we welcome others to join us in our worship and service to God. Our emphasis is on learning and understanding the Bible and following the example of Jesus and his followers.
The vision of Ala Jundiai Mirim (jundiai Mirim Ward) is to make an impact for God, here in Jundiai, Sao Paulo by helping people understand the enriching messages of eternal hope given to us by Jesus Christ through His words and deeds. Come just as you are - we'd love to get to know you better.


text:
In this course, you will :
- Do you want to obtain all the necessary skills of a 3D modeler?
- Do you want to know how an engineer develop a building model in details? The "3D CAD Application" course
- the second course of the new specialization, is coming! After finishing this course: You will be able to know how to use the SketchUp's advanced functions by creating 3D building models. You will be able to develop a building as an engineer. Let's start the learning journey!


text:
As the young U.S. senator takes the oath to become president, he sets out to fix an economy struggling with rising unemployment, slumping profits and depressed stock prices.
He knows the deep recession could prevent him from advancing his broader domestic and diplomatic agenda. Yes — all true for President Obama.
But that's what John F. Kennedy faced as well. On his frosty Inauguration Day in January 1961, Kennedy had to start fulfilling his campaign pledge to "get America moving again." Like Obama, he would need to win over a deeply skeptical business community.
The similarities mostly end right there.
Since taking office, Obama has struggled with the aftermath of a global financial crisis and a home foreclosure meltdown. Even after nearly five years in office, he presides over an economy stuck with a 7.3 percent unemployment rate and a disappointing growth rate well below 3 percent.
In contrast, Kennedy enjoyed a nearly miraculous economic turnaround. At the time of his death in November 1963, an employment boom was beginning. Stocks were soaring, swept up in the emerging "go-go" era on Wall Street — a time when investors were falling in love with mutual funds and conglomerates.
So, what exactly did Kennedy do? And as the nation marks the half-century anniversary of his assassination, do the experts credit him with having a lasting economic legacy?
Most historians say Kennedy's long-term economic impact was profound but complicated. Virtually all agree that in the short run, his policies did contribute to that golden era of the mid-1960s when the United States was enjoying one of the most robust economic expansions in history.
By 1966 — the year that might have been the fifth of his presidency had he lived — Kennedy would have been presiding over an economy growing at a rate of 6.6 percent and an unemployment rate falling to just 3.8 percent.
That boom came after Kennedy got Congress to try to stimulate the economy by passing a "liberal" agenda that included:
But Kennedy also did something that conservatives have been praising ever since: He pushed for much lower tax rates.
In 1962, speaking at the Economic Club of New York, Kennedy said he was committed to "an across-the-board, top-to-bottom cut in personal and corporate income taxes." The tax system, mostly designed during World War II, "exerts too heavy a drag on growth in peace time; that it siphons out of the private economy too large a share of personal and business purchasing power; that it reduces the financial incentives for personal effort, investment, and risk-taking," he said.
Many lawmakers worried that reducing taxes without cutting spending would create unacceptable budget deficits. But Kennedy, who famously noted that "a rising tide lifts all boats," insisted tax cuts would generate broad-based growth.
Congress finally approved the tax cuts in early 1964, three months after Kennedy's assassination. The following fiscal year, the federal budget deficit did indeed shrink. Stock investors loved it. Between 1962 and 1966, the Dow Jones industrial average nearly doubled.
To this day, conservatives point to that robust period as evidence that cutting taxes will lead to higher revenues.
But liberals say conservatives' interpretation is misleading because conditions were so different in the early 1960s, when the top marginal tax rate was 91 percent. The Kennedy-backed tax cuts took down that rate to 70 percent. Today, the highest rate is 39.6 percent. Cutting the top tax bracket now would not have the same impact because it already has been lowered several times, the argument goes.
"You can only go to the well so many times before you lose effectiveness," says David Shreve, an economic historian who has written about the Kennedy-era tax cuts.
Shreve says there's another factor conservatives overlook: Kennedy's biggest tax cuts were aimed at average wage earners in hopes they would spend more. Boosting the demand side of the economy "gave us the widest prosperity and longest unbroken run of growth in history" up to then.
In contrast, conservatives focus on "supply-side" cuts, which target the marginal tax rates for wealthier individuals. The goal is to encourage them to invest more and expand output.
So for the half century ever since, liberals and conservatives have been debating the lessons of the Kennedy-backed tax cuts. But Allen Matusow, author of The Unraveling of America: A History of Liberalism in the 1960s, says this much is clear: The cuts were game changers. Marginal tax rates never returned to the very high levels of the early 1960s, he says.
"These were permanent tax cuts," Matusow says.
Kennedy also fought inflation. In 1962, he directed Labor Secretary Arthur Goldberg to mediate negotiations for a steel-industry labor contract. In the end, the steelworkers union agreed not to strike, even though workers would get no raises that year.
Kennedy praised the "obviously non-inflationary" contract, as well as the negotiators who demonstrated "industrial statesmanship of the highest order."
Then, days later, U.S. Steel CEO Roger Blough announced an immediate 3.5 percent steel price hike. Other companies followed suit. An enraged Kennedy condemned the "irresponsible" businessmen who had shown "utter contempt" for their country.
The companies rolled back the price hikes. And throughout the Kennedy years, inflation remained stable and low.
But perhaps Kennedy's most lasting economic legacy was the groundwork he laid for eventual passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act and the Medicare program in 1965. Both had the effect of reducing discrimination in access to hospital care for minorities, especially in the South. That improved the health of many American workers.
Matusow says Medicare also helped drive up medical costs as hospitals felt freer to raise prices, knowing they would get reimbursed by government. "Medicare originated as a social welfare program, but it has had economic consequences."
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


text:
What does rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have to do with hearing loss? Quite a bit, according to a new study released by the Open Rheumatology Journal.
Hearing loss has been linked to a decrease in overall mental and physical health. Research has proven connections with age, smoking, cognitive decline, heart health, and a diminished quality of life — and now rheumatoid arthritis.
This is the first study of hearing impairment in RA. The study's conclusion: Those with rheumatoid arthritis are at a higher risk of hearing impairment over the course of the disease. In addition, the study suggests it's obvious that hearing impairment in RA is a multi-factorial disease because environmental factors like smoking, disease characteristics like rheumatoid nodules, and patient characteristics like age can affect it. However, it's still unclear if these factors affect one another both directly and indirectly.
One environmental factor found in this study to increase chances of both RA and hearing loss was smoking. Researchers stated, "there is a strong correlation between smoking and rheumatoid nodules in RA." They recognized that passive smokers and active smokers are at a higher risk of hearing impairment.
Though more investigation is needed to determine a consensus regarding the management of hearing impairment in patients with RA, researchers stated, "… regular audiometric test and [otoacoustic emission test] is advisable and can diagnose hearing loss at an early stage."
An estimated 48 million Americans — about one in five people — have some form of hearing loss, according to a Johns Hopkins study. It's a chronic public-health challenge that, if left untreated, can have far-reaching consequences for physical, mental, social, and even financial health.
Hearing loss especially affects older adults, many of whom don't seek hearing help. Only 30 percent of adults ages 70 or older who could benefit from hearing aids use them, according to the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders.
If you believe you or a loved one could benefit from a hearing test, contact us today to schedule a hearing screening. We can help get you on a path to better hearing and better health.


text:
[All content and prices updated August 2013]
Why you should add Auckland to your Indie/RTW trip
Auckland is by far the largest city in New Zealand and also definitely the most un-New Zealandy (or should that be most un-New Zealandish?). With a population of over 1 million in the metro area, Auckland is a sprawling city with a dense center and is basically the opposite of what brings people to these magical islands. Auckland might not be typical of New Zealand, but there are many reasons to hang around for a day or two on your way in or out of the country.
- It's the jumping off point for exploration of New Zealand's north island.
- The harbor itself is impressive and you can actually climb the harbor bridge.
- The New Zealand National Maritime Museum is recommended, as is the Auckland Art Gallery.
- Take a walk around Whangaparoa Bay to the old Anglican church, hidden away under Norfolk pines
- Take a ferry out to Great Barrier Island and wander through massive kauri forests and natural hot springs
- Tramp to the top of Rangitoto, one of Auckland's extinct volcanoes, for great views of the city and its huge harbour
- Explore the limestone caves, or go mountain biking in the nearby Hunua Ranges
- Check out the views from the top of Auckland's Sky Tower, the tallest building in the Southern Hemisphere. New Zealand is the birthplace of bungee jumping, and this tower has capitalized on that with a semi-freefall attraction that resembles a proper jump.
Indie travel tips for Auckland
- Head to the inner-city suburbs to check out the Victorian and Edwardian houses.
- If you're looking for ethnic food on the cheap, visit one of the food courts in Auckland – Ponsonby Food Court on Ponsonby Road, Queen Street Foodcourt on Lower Queen Street, or Food Alley on Albert Street.
- Consider heading out of Auckland and drive to Clevedon, a small village just south of Auckland. You can catch some polo or visit some wineries.
To get anywhere in New Zealand you'll be best off booking a flight into Auckland International Airport. It's by far the largest in the country and the best way to get a reasonable fare. The airport is located a bit out of town on the harbor, and there is a shuttle called the Airbus that leaves the airport and then stops in front of most of the popular hotel and hostel districts on its loop back to the airport.
Since this city is the inevitable beginning and ending point of most trips to New Zealand there is no shortage of hostels
in Auckland ready to house the in and outbound travelers. Prices near the center of town can be higher, but the nightlife there is fun and several famous hostels have large bars right on site. You can save a bit of money by booking further out of town, but prepare for a quiet night.
Photo credits: ingolfson


text:
Vice President Joe Biden met with China's president in Beijing Wednesday, in a trip to Asia that has often touched on growing tensions over China's new air defense identification zone.
Biden's two-day visit to China was planned before the country's defense officials surprised neighboring Japan by declaring a defense zone in an area contested by the two countries. The topic of the air zone likely helped extend a closed-door session that had been scheduled for 45 minutes to its actual length of two hours.
"At the U.S. embassy here, Biden enthusiastically challenged Chinese visa applicants to think outside the box and challenge their own government. Chinese may find his remarks inflammatory," NPR's Anthony Kuhn reports from Beijing. "Hours later, though, Biden sounded hoarse as he spoke to President Xi Jinping about the need for trust between Beijing and Washington."
In public remarks in the Great Hall of the People that were separate from their closed meeting, Biden said, "As we've discussed in the past, this new model of major country cooperation ultimately has to be based on trust and a positive notion about the motive of one another."
After China's declared its control over the airspace, the U.S., Japan, and South Korea have said that they do not recognize the claim. Within days, several aircraft — including two U.S. bombers — defied China's requirement that all planes identify themselves.
As we reported yesterday, Biden said during a visit to Japan that the U.S. is "deeply concerned" about the air defense zone.
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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A top priority at CHANEL is to stop sales of replica CHANEL products at online outlet stores.
CHANEL monitors the internet for websites who are in the business of selling illegal goods. Action against outlet stores who sell illegal products is taken whenever necessary, including but not limited to civil suits and criminal complaints.
Anyone who may be considering a purchase of a replica product online should take into consideration that shopping for and buying fake Chanel directly supports criminal activities. Such knockoff products are against the law. We encourage everyone to avoid replica outlets and fake goods.
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Phone us now for an INSTANT QUOTE
Are you looking to get rid of some Artex in Craigends ?
Providing asbestos artex removal in Craigends at the most competitive rate is what we do.
Before renovation work or as part of a client's desire to have an asbestos-free house or business in Craigends, Scotland, we remove Artex and textured coatings fast and and at an affordable price. Artex can be left in place if it is in good shape and will not be disturbed.
If you want to change lighting, remove walls, or execute refurbishment or demolition that affects the coated walls or ceilings, the coating must be removed. We can limit the removal work to smaller sections where only a few components, such as lights, are being altered.
One of the most common queries we get is about asbestos-containing Artex / textured coatings. If asbestos is found in the coating, the best line of action is to determine what corrective activity is required. We can help with that.
If you have an asbestos emergency in Craigends, we are here to help you 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, no matter what your circumstance is.
On average, we remove asbestos-cement flue pipes every week. It is not uncommon for flue pipes to run from boiler cupboards to service risers, chimneys, or even outside the home.
It is also possible for them to enter the attic and through the roof. To remove the segments of cement piping held in place by brackets bolted into masonry, we need to gain access to the pipe run, so we may have to open a service riser or chimney.
Cold water tanks are commonly found on properties with asbestos cement flues. It is recommended to remove them completely.
Because asbestos cement is a bonded substance that releases fewer fibers, it is used in flue pipes and cold water tanks. Before any renovation work can commence, any asbestos that is likely to be disturbed must be removed by an asbestos contractor. Materials that have been damaged should be encased or removed.
In Craigends asbestos-coated ceilings have been removed multiple times. Asbestos must be safely removed from plasterboard, lath, and plaster ceilings. We must scrape the coating off concrete ceilings if they are concrete.
If you have an asbestos emergency, we are here to help you round-the-clock,
365 days a year in Craigends, no matter your situation.
If your house was built before 2000, you should have an asbestos survey done. There are five ways to remove Artex off your ceiling while wearing suitable PPE:
Boarding over: The original Artex ceiling is covered with plasterboard. After that, the surface is plastered multiple times.
Instead of using plasterboard, it may be possible to just seal the old Artex with PVA and plaster over it.
Complete removal: This procedure necessitates the removal of both the Artex and the original plasterboard.
X-Tex is a typical chemical used for chemical cleanup. This gel softens the old artex, allowing it to be scraped away, exposing the old plasterboard and allowing fresh plaster to be put.
Steaming: A wallpaper steamer can be used to soften the Artex before scraping it away from the existing plasterboard. Keep in mind that if you oversoften the Artex, it will liquefy and create a tremendous mess.
After it's been removed, don't forget to properly dispose of Artex as hazardous waste. There could be more Artex asbestos.
It can be difficult and time-consuming to get rid of Artex. Many people just cover it up and create a fresh, flat surface as long as it does not include asbestos. The cost of removing Artex is determined by a number of factors, including:
The type of artex, as well as whether or not it contains asbestos.
Artex is old, and it's prone to deterioration and cracking over time, in addition to containing asbestos.
The larger the area of Artex to be removed, the longer and more expensive it will take to remove it.
Artex may be thicker or thinner than other ceilings, depending on how thick or thin it is applied by the professional. The more Artex there is, the longer it will take to remove it, increasing labour costs. The average cost of removing an Artex ceiling is £17.50 per m2.
250 Glasgow Rd, Rutherglen,
0141 673 0068
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Free Fight
"I know I can beat him if I'm ready when I step into the Octagon. It's just a matter of doing what you're capable of doing, and I think I'm capable to go there and fight and get the win."
No matter what happens in the UFC 126 main event on Saturday night in Las Vegas, to many people, 33-year old middleweight challenger Vitor Belfort will always be 19.
He will never shake the mental picture people have of him as the precocious "Phenom", all flailing fists and devastating speed and power, the likes of which took out Tra Telligman, Scott Ferrozzo, Tank Abbott, and Wanderlei Silva in the early days of the UFC. If you tell him this, he simply chuckles before admitting that he does turn back the clock on his own occasionally.
"I watch them sometimes," said Belfort of his first UFC bouts. "But I don't like to see myself on video."
He doesn't like to live in the past either. After his 44 second knockout of Silva at Ultimate Brazil in 1998, 20 fights have taken place over the ensuing 12 years. He's not the same fighter he was back then, and he's quick to point out that he's better now, in all aspects of his life.
"I know I'm capable of using my experience now," he said, making it clear that while the power and speed remains, the reckless part of his personality and fighting style is gone. "It's part of the job. Sometimes you can score a touchdown, sometimes you can't. But we always can do better. We have to be a better man, a better athlete, a better father, a better everything every day. We always have to improve."
Yet sometimes more important than improving is persevering, something Belfort had to do after a horrific stretch from late 2004 through 2006 where he had to deal with the kidnapping of his sister (one of her kidnappers confessed to her murder in 2007) as he lost five of seven bouts. He eventually rebounded, and beginning with his 2007 knockout of Ivan Serati, Belfort went on a five fight winning streak that he will carry into his first UFC title fight since 2004. It's been a rollercoaster ride to say the least, so when his original bout with Silva at UFC 108 was postponed due to an injury suffered by the champion, Belfort merely shook it off.
"It is what it is, you cannot change the facts," he said. "I don't see the bad side, I always try to look at the good side. Here we are again and we're gonna fight."
Some would say that this is a reflection of the maturity that comes with being 33, a family man, and someone who has walked through fire and yet emerged intact. Belfort credits his faith.
"Your faith has to kick in every day," he said. "Our lives are not made by one event. It's a road, it's a journey. You have to keep your faith and your discipline every day."
He will need it all Saturday against one of the most dominant fighters in the history of the sport, a champion with a record number of middleweight title defenses and an unbeaten 12-0 slate in the Octagon. Belfort doesn't have much to say about Silva, simply cutting it down to "Anderson is a pretty tough fighter. He's improving every time he steps in the Octagon, and he's the champion."
Even when pressed and asked whether he saw Silva slipping at all in a 2010 campaign that saw him lackluster in victory over Demian Maia and forced to dig into his bag of tricks to pull out a last round win over Chael Sonnen, Belfort keeps his cards close to the vest.
"I hope so, but I'm not predicting anything," he said. "I'm going there to fight and do my best. I'm not going to take anything away from him. I'm gonna go there to fight."
That humble attitude is in stark contrast to the teenage Belfort. As he told me before his second fight with Randy Couture in 2004, "I was totally out of focus. I wasn't training, I was thinking I was the greatest and that nobody could beat me."
Those days are over. Despite a recent change in trainers, with Shawn Tompkins leaving the fold, Belfort remains committed in the Xtreme Couture gym in Las Vegas, focused on the task ahead of him and the opportunity to join Couture and BJ Penn as the only fighters to win UFC world titles in two different weight classes. And many believe that if anyone has the talent to dethrone "The Spider", it's Belfort.
"That's good to hear that people think that," he said. "I know I can beat him if I'm ready when I step into the Octagon. It's just a matter of doing what you're capable of doing, and I think I'm capable to go there and fight and get the win. I'm very confident and I'm gonna try to accomplish this."
If he does, it will be an exclamation point on a career that had so much promise, then disappointment, and now promise again. But win or lose, Vitor Belfort isn't done yet; not by a longshot.
"I always live for the future," he said. "I'm always looking forward to what is next, and what is next is the title. I'm very happy I have this opportunity, and I'm training hard, I'm doing my job, so on February 5th I can put everything I'm doing now in action. I want to leave the Octagon saying that I did everything I could. I know I'm fighting a champion, a guy who's one of the best, pound for pound, in the world, and I'm prepared to go in there and do my thing. And that's the point of life. You have to be better than yesterday."


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Like anyone else today, churches need insurance to protect their assets. They face many of the same risks as for-profit businesses, and they also have their own unique risks. As non-profit organizations, churches need certain types of coverage to help manage the risk of unforeseen events.
Nonprofit Insurance For Churches
Your church insurance package may include the following types of coverage:
- Business property insurance: Churches are not immune to burglary, vandalism, theft, or acts of nature. Business property insurance can help protect church property from all types of covered losses. Your property may be insured for its actual cash value or the cost of replacement. All property owned by the church should be covered under its business property insurance policy.
- Employee theft coverage: Theft of cash, securities, or property by employees or volunteers is not unheard of in churches. Employee theft insurance can help protect your church from this type of loss. Some insurers will extend coverage to include theft by volunteers as well as employees.
- Liability insurance: Case law has eliminated most church immunity from tort liability. Churches are subject to the same types of lawsuits today as businesses that operate for profit. General liability coverage can help protect your church from third-party claims for bodily injury, property damage, personal injury, and advertising injury. It should cover employees, officials, staff, volunteers, and members. Employee benefits liability insurance can safeguard your church against costly claims by employees. A commercial umbrella policy can provide additional coverage beyond the limits of your general liability and auto liability insurance.
- Errors and omissions insurance: Pastors who provide spiritual counseling can be held legally liable for emotional or physical injury to parishioners. To protect them, churches need pastoral counseling insurance, which is a type of errors and omissions insurance. Churches that perform cremations or burials also need cemetery professional liability insurance. You may also consider directors and officers (D&O) and employment practices liability (EPL) insurance to protect directors and officers from claims of wrongful acts and to protect the church against employees alleging discrimination and other employment practices claims.
- Business auto insurance: If your church owns vehicles used to conduct church business, furnishes a vehicle to the pastor, or has parishioners that drive their automobiles to conduct church business, you will need business auto insurance. Your policy should include coverage for non-owned vehicles. If you own buses or vans that are used to transport parishioners, it can significantly increase your liability risks, particularly if drivers are inexperienced and vehicles are not well maintained.
- Workers' compensation insurance: Churches that have employees are usually required under state laws to purchase workers' compensation insurance. Even if your state does not require churches to carry workers' comp coverage, you may want to carry it voluntarily for protection against employee lawsuits.
Our experienced agent will be happy to sit down with you to review all your church's insurance coverage needs. We can also help you find the best quotes in the area for the types of coverage you need.


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We offer a Free quote and UK design service, get in touch today.
It's not easy to get a completely new car. You will find that there is an option to buy a car through finance in Anthony's Cross GL18 1 or even purchase it in full.
The price to run a vehicle is another aspect to consider before making an order. Vehicles are one of the priciest things that people buy in their lifetime. You must choose a premium vehicles finance specialist in an effort to make certain you receive the best deals.
Few individuals search the marketplace for the perfect financial deals for vehicles. You might risk making the price of a vehicle more pricey by paying over the odds to borrow money to pay for it.
Since you could pay thousands of pounds more, it is advisable to investigate the different leasing specialists, offers and rates of interest. We have a range of cars to offer which include Mercedes http://www.car-finance-company.co.uk/manufacturer/mercedes/gloucestershire/anthony-s-cross/ as well as many others models which can be a great option for you.
Hire Purchase also abbreviated to HP way of buying a car on finance from a premium company and is paid in instalments where payments are spread over 12-60 months and you typically (although not always) have to place down a 10% down payment.
Personal Contract Hire is organised by the car dealership in Anthony's Cross GL18 1 and it is often quite competitive for new cars. For this type of leases, you will not own the vehicles until you have paid back the very last instalment; the reason being the loan is secured against the vehicles. The most popular method to finance vehicles is by personal contract hire.
If you're looking for reduced monthly payments, it is recommended to use a private contract plan which is a type of financing offer on Hire Purchase. In a private contract plan, you'll pay the gap between sale and resale price instead of purchasing the vehicles outright. The cost is then depending on the distance travelled across the duration of the agreement.
Repayments can be spread over 12-36 months as an alternative. After the contract you may give back the vehicle to the dealership and not pay anything, swap the vehicles in Anthony's Cross GL18 1 in and begin once again or pay the reselling price of the vehicles and keep it. Make sure that any deals you enter into are authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority.
Like a credit loan, a PCP leasing plan will require paying a deposit and also monthly instalments - what people like most about this plan is the instalments are often much smaller in comparison with others. The reason behind this is that PCP deals need a huge final sum or 'balloon payment' to be paid for before the vehicle is yours.
It's not just cars you can lease privately. If you are a bike rider and you are looking for a new motorbike or bicycle you may be interested to finance one. Have a look at this page for more information on bike leasing http://www.car-finance-company.co.uk/type/bikes/gloucestershire/anthony-s-cross/ you will then be able to decide which is the best bike for you.
Personal financing means you can pay the dealership a fixed monthly amount for the use of a vehicle, along with servicing and maintenance incorporated, as long as the mileage doesn't go beyond a specified limit. Make sure you check the terms and conditions of the contract before you agree.
When the personal financing arrangement has ended, the car will be given back to the dealer. In a private finance arrangement, the vehicle doesn't ever to you. The benefits of this is driving at a fixed monthly price without concerns regarding the vehicle depreciating in value.
We also offer commercial leasing http://www.car-finance-company.co.uk/leasing/commercial/gloucestershire/anthony-s-cross/ which can be ideal for a number of individuals closest to you that are in need a great car finance deal.
When you compare car financing, there are some important things to do prior to making a last choice. The most important thing to consider is the monthly payment costs; it is vital that you can pay for these so that you don't get in financial trouble or perhaps get the vehicle taken off you.
You'll also want to look at different interest rates. Understand that a larger down payment will normally mean a more affordable rate of interest. We advise checking the total cost of borrowing and the prices included.
we offer free no obligation quotations
GET A QUOTE NOWBe cautious before selecting payment protection insurance (PPI) or other insurance, such as GAP cover, which may be expensive and could give limited coverage.
GAP coverage is a form of insurance that will pay out if you have wrote off your car and the value of a car is less than the instalments in Anthony's Cross GL18 1 which are still remaining. Avoid early repayment or other expenses that start working if you exceed the forecast mileage in PCP (along with private leasing).
There is still a range of information to be heard on Private Car Finance in Anthony's Cross GL18 1 which you can find out more on by getting in touch with our specialist team. They will aim to respond as soon as possible with all the answers to your questions.
Whether you are looking for a BMW http://www.car-finance-company.co.uk/manufacturer/bmw/gloucestershire/anthony-s-cross/ or Ford, we are on hand to offer you exactly what you are looking for.


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Pope is a title of honor, meaning "papa" or "father" in Greek, given to the primatial bishop of the Church of Alexandria.
The title was also used historically by the pre-schism Church of Rome (and its modern descendant, the Roman Catholic Church) and continues to be used by the Oriental Orthodox Coptic Orthodox Church. The Eastern Orthodox Patriarch of Alexandria holds the title of Pope, but often uses Patriarch.
The title Papa (Pope) was first used by Heraklas who was the thirteenth Bishop of Alexandria, from 232 to 249. The title was assumed by John I, who was the Bishop of Rome from 523 to 526.
Old Believers, Russian, Serbian, Bulgarian, Romanian, Malovan, and Ukrainian Churches use the word pope (поп, піп) as a synonym for priest, though when addressing a priest they will usually call him batiushka ("father"). However, depending on the speaker, this term might be one that is used derogatorily against the priest.
Current popes
- The current Orthodox Pope of Alexandria is Theodoros II.
- The current Coptic Orthodox Pope of Alexandria is Shenouda III.
- The current Roman Catholic Pope of Rome is Francis.
- There are many other priests and bishops that are called "pope".


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Companies seem to dislike the term 'turnaround consulting' because it represents failure. The truth is that turnaround consulting represents success at realizing the company is going in the wrong direction. The only time the company fails is when it is not possible to do a turnaround anymore. We help companies pivot into more profitable directions where they can expand and grow. It is inevitable that companies will end up making a few mistakes; we help them correct these mistakes.
We help companies turnaround their non-profitable ventures into something that benefits them. Our specialty lies in understanding what makes a company special and what makes it tick.
Consulting WP – we help companies assess their skills and choose a new direction which utilizes the talents of the team and resources most productively.


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Keepsake Power Cord (Required for Storytellers)
Bring your Magic Keepsake Ornaments to life with more power, more excitement and more fun! This special cord powers up to 7 ornaments or accessories. Works only with Keepsake Power Cord ornaments from 2017 and newer. This cord is required for our interactive Storytellers collections (ornaments each sold separately).
- Christmas tree ornament electrical power supply cord.
- Compatible only with Keepsake Power Cord ornaments from 2017 and newer. This cord is required for our interactive Storytellers collections. (Ornaments not included.)
- Powers up to 7 of the compatible ornaments. Instructions included.
- Plastic power supply cord is lead-free and measures 82.75" L x 0.94" H x 0.25" D
Shipping Policy
We can ship to virtually any address in the U.S. Note that there are restrictions on some products.
All shipping times are estimates given by the carrier once they receive a package. We will do our best to ship orders placed Sunday through Thursday within 48 hours of receipt. Orders placed on the weekend will ship at the start of the new business week. If we are unable to do so we will contact you via email or phone.
Return Policy
You may return most new, unopened items within 30 days of delivery for a full refund. We'll pay the return shipping costs if the return is a result of our error (you received an incorrect or defective item, etc.).
If you need to return an item, please Contact Us with your order number and details about the product you would like to return. We will respond quickly with instructions for how to return items from your order.
All sales final on seasonal, sale product and food items.
For the health and safety of our customers and staff we are unable to accept returns on personal protection items including face masks, hand sanitizers and other "clean and safe" items as detailed in the item descriptions.


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Open US and Canada winner. Leave your email in to post or available in profile, I will not search for it.
MUST complete Mandatory Entry. Winner will be chosen by random org. Entries that does not follow the rules will not win.
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*(current giveaways)Enter The Night Owl Mama or giveaways on my site- one entry for each you enter.
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The Military Donation Blog Posts should be posted between November 21st and December 9th. Email me ( firstname.lastname@example.com Subject: Military Care Packages) Blog Post URLs by December 14th to make sure all the Care Packages being donated can reach the soldiers in time for Christmas." Leave entries on this post.


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In the span of a 50-minute history class this spring, Princeton University professor Margot Canaday wove the complex tale of the Lavender Scare, in which the American government led a vigorous campaign to purge homosexuals from its ranks, resulting in more firings than the anti-communist Red Scare of the same post-World War II period.
The range of materials Canaday cited — testimony from congressional hearings, executive orders, State Department and Navy memos, court cases, statistics, a quote from an anthropology paper, and anecdotes, both personal and from primary sources — showcased her style of teaching. It also revealed the way Canaday builds a case for arguments in her research — with precision, insight and massive amounts of supporting documentation.
Canaday, an assistant professor of history who will be promoted to associate professor July 1, is a political and legal historian who studies gender and sexuality in modern America. The Lavender Scare lecture was part of her undergraduate course "Gender and Sexuality in Modern America." She also regularly teaches a graduate seminar on the history of sexuality in America, and has taught courses on the American state, gender and work, and approaches to American history.
Her first book, "The Straight State: Sexuality and Citizenship in 20th-century America," on how the federal government used its growing power to shape sexual norms through the first three-quarters of the 20th century, has won seven major awards from a diverse group of organizations, including the Organization of American Historians, the American Political Science Association, the Association of American Law Schools and the Lambda Literary Foundation.
The book is an extremely important contribution to the field, Princeton history professor Hendrik Hartog said.
"The interesting thing about Margot's work is it both obviously is engaged with the question of gay and lesbian history, and it is also a part of rethinking how one does the history of the 20th-century state — the growth of the state, the federal government as shaping all areas of American life," said Hartog, Princeton's Class of 1921 Bicentennial Professor in the History of American Law and Liberty. "She is a very fine storyteller, so she can take what looks like dull, bureaucratic material and craft it into accessible and fascinating stories."
Wide open fields of inquiry
Born and raised in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, Canaday earned her undergraduate degree in American studies at the University of Iowa and her Ph.D. in history at the University of Minnesota. Drawn to graduate school because of her interest in feminism, Canaday initially was reluctant to take on what she perceived to be a risky topic for her dissertation, on the connections between citizenship and sexuality. Though she was concerned about how writing about gay and lesbian history might affect her chances on the job market, the topic was the one she felt had the most promise, as little research had been published in this area.
To pursue this work, she moved to Washington, D.C., to research federal records at the National Archives. Canaday still lives there with her partner, Rachel Spector, when the University is not in session.
"It was really needle-in-a-haystack searching," Canaday said. "Every agency I looked at, the records were organized in a different way. Some of them had a logic, and some of them were chaotic."
In addition to searching the archives, Canaday's research included filing Freedom of Information Act requests with various agencies and suing U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services for access to public records.
Barbara Young Welke, a professor of history and law at the University of Minnesota, served as a co-adviser on Canaday's dissertation committee. Welke regularly refers students to Canaday's work as a model for how to conduct research that, in Canaday's case, led to pioneering findings.
"From the outset, it was clear that Margot's work had the potential to transform understandings of U.S. statebuilding, of the history of citizenship, and of the history of sexuality," she said. "Margot has the fundamentally important gift of taking a huge set of questions and placing them in a manageable frame."
After coming to Princeton as the Cotsen-Perkins Postdoctoral Fellow in the Society of Fellows in the Liberal Arts and a lecturer in history in 2005, Canaday worked on turning her dissertation into a book. "The Straight State" examines how sexuality and citizenship were intertwined in military, immigration and welfare policy in the 20th century. Canaday shows how these three areas of the government grew and became involved in regulating homosexual activity (often described by government officials as sexual perversion) while boosting marriage and traditional gender roles in order to deal with perceived national security threats, the makeup of the citizenry and the distribution of resources.
In the three years since its 2009 publication, the book has garnered accolades from academic organizations in the fields of American studies; history; law; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) history and studies; and political science.
Canaday credited some of the book's acclaim to its moment in history. "The culture changed so much in the basically not-quite-10 years from when I conceived of the dissertation, with some trepidation about what it would mean for my career, and when it came out" as a book, she said. "Those were years in which the earth moved for LGBT Americans."
For her current project, which is still in the early stages, Canaday is studying sexuality and gender in the American workplace from 1945 to the present. Canaday said she plans to follow two general research tracks: the increased acceptance of gays and lesbians in the workplace despite few legal protections, and the ways in which gender boundaries are still very fixed for certain occupations, such as nursing and auto repair, despite antidiscrimination laws that include gender as a protected category. This project, Canaday said, will allow her to return to her interest in feminism and write about women, who were not a central focus of her first book.
Canaday is drawing on a deep but scattered reserve of sources, from corporate archives and court cases to union records and occupational licensing records. She is also gathering oral histories of lesbians and gays who were born in the 1930s and therefore lived through the Lavender Scare, gay liberation, the AIDS era and the current acceptance of gays and lesbians in some American workplaces. She has completed nearly half of the 100 interviews she hopes to conduct.
"With people of that age, things are so different now that they're pretty eager to say, 'Let me tell you about ...,'" Canaday said. "I think I'll never do anything as personally meaningful in my career as these sets of interviews."
The common themes in her research to this point, Canaday said, are the legal and political lenses through which she approaches her topics, as well as her interest in big institutions such as the federal government and the economy. "Bureaucracy is interesting to me," she said.
"One of the things about working in LGBT history, or the history of sexuality, that's great is that even though the research is really challenging, there's just so much wide open space in the field," Canaday said. "You feel that whatever you do, it's going to matter in the sense that it'll be something we don't know about yet."
Connections across campus
At Princeton, Canaday has become involved with the programs in American studies and gender and sexuality studies, as well as Whitman College, as a faculty member in residence this year.
Canaday, who is also the Philip and Beulah Rollins Bicentennial Preceptor, has taught both her undergraduate and graduate classes on sexuality three times at Princeton. According to her graduate students, Canaday is respectful of different viewpoints, approachable, generous with her time, energetic and enthusiastic. She challenges them to delve into the building blocks of other historians' work, from the primary sources to publications, to see how good scholarship is created, said Nimisha Barton, a fifth-year graduate student in the history department.
"This forced us to really engage with the work — to understand not just the argument, but the way that the argument was constructed," Barton said. "It's an important lesson for historians who have yet to go out into the field and conduct their own research."
Canaday also mentors students on teaching, said Alix Lerner, a third-year graduate student in history who is leading a precept for the "Gender and Sexuality in Modern America" course.
"Margot has been wonderfully supportive and informative," Lerner said. "She holds a weekly lunch for the preceptors, so we have plenty of time to talk to her about any concerns or questions we might have. The entire experience has been superb."
To help undergraduates engage intellectually with the material, Canaday injects classes with a bit of humor — balanced with a thorough exploration of the texts. "I think it's pretty inherently interesting to them," she said. "Sometimes I try to make it a little boring so that they remember that it's serious."
Senior Ariel Trilling said she enjoyed the experience of working with archival material in Canaday's "Gender and Sexuality in Modern America" class.
"Professor Canaday allowed us to delve right into primary documents from the National Archives for our first paper," she said, referring to an assignment in which Canaday gave students Army and Navy memos from the 1920s and '30s on "sex perverts" in the military to analyze for a short paper. "It was a more exciting way to familiarize us with a particular historical issue than assigning a lot of secondary-source reading."
That undergraduate course was one of the major factors that influenced senior Emily Rutherford to major in history. Rutherford, who has since taken two other courses with Canaday, including her graduate seminar, is a Marshall Scholar who plans to pursue a master's degree at the University of Oxford next year and eventually become a history professor.
"I learned that history is so much more than the average high school class about the Revolutionary War or the Civil War," Rutherford said. "Professor Canaday was emphasizing what history is about — change over time, ways people and places and social movements interact with each other."
Canaday guided class discussions without overpowering them, Rutherford said, and she also served as a role model by being supportive, encouraging and comfortable in her skin. Rutherford described herself as someone who is not conventionally feminine, and she had worried about what that meant for her professional future.
"It was inspiring to me to see that you can give a lecture or an academic talk without conforming to traditional ideas of how a woman should act or dress … to not have to wear a skirt or have long hair to talk to a group about something you're an expert in," Rutherford said.
Canaday said she has found it easy to fit in at Princeton.
"Part of what works for me about Princeton is that I'm an Iowan and it feels like a small town to me — a small town with interesting people," Canaday said. "I feel like there's a sort of soul, and the faculty are committed to the institution and committed to the students. It's actually great."


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Apple offering free recycling of all used products
SAN FRANCISCO - The Associated Press
A man uses his phone near an Apple store with the Apple logo partially changed to green to mark Earth Day in Beijing, China, Tuesday, April 22, 2014. AP Photo
Apple is offering free recycling of all its used products and vowing to power all of its stores, offices and data centers with renewable energy to reduce the pollution caused by its devices and online services.The iPhone and iPad maker is detailing its efforts to cultivate a greener Apple Inc. in an environmental section on the company's website that debuted Monday. The site highlights the ways that the Cupertino, California, company is increasing its reliance on alternative power sources and sending less electronic junk to landfills.
Apple had already been distributing gift cards at some of its 420 worldwide stores in exchange for iPhones and iPods still in good enough condition to be resold. Now, all of the company's stores will recycle any Apple product at no charge. Gift cards won't be handed out for recycled products deemed to have little or no resale value.
The offer covers a wide array of electronics that aren't supposed to be dumped in landfills because of the toxins in them. In the past seven years alone, Apple has sold more than 1 billion iPhones, iPods, iPads and Mac computers.
The new initiative, timed to coincide with Tuesday's annual celebration of Earth Day, strives to position Apple as an environmental steward amid the technological whirlwind of gadgets and Internet services that have been drawing more electricity from power plants that primarily run on natural gas and coal.
Technology products and services accounted for about 2 percent of worldwide emissions in 2012, roughly the same as the airline industry, according to statistics cited by environmental protection group Greenpeace in a report released earlier this month. Some of biggest electricity demands come from huge data centers that house the stacks of computers that process search requests, store photos and email and stream video.
These online services, often dubbed "cloud computing," collectively consume more electricity than all but five countries - China, the U.S., Japan, India and Russia.
As the world's largest technology company, Apple is trying to hatch more environmental solutions than problems.
"What the company wants to do is use all our innovation and all of our expertise to make the planet more secure and make the environment better," Lisa Jackson, Apple's vice president of environmental initiatives, said in a Monday interview. Jackson ran the Environmental Protection Agency under President Barack Obama before joining Apple last June.
Apple CEO Tim Cook underscored the commitment by narrating a 1 minute, 44 second video about the company's efforts to protect the environment. "To us, better is a force of nature," Cook says in the video.
The campaign appears to be more than just public relations stunt, based on Greenpeace's high praise for Apple in its recent review of the technology industry's environmental responsibility.
Among the 19 companies covered in the report, Greenpeace described Apple as "the most innovative and most aggressive in pursuing its commitment to be 100 percent renewably powered." Greenpeace also gave high marks to Apple rival, Google Inc., and Facebook Inc., which makes one of the most popular apps on the iPhone and iPad.
All four of Apple's data centers, which are located in North Carolina, Oregon, Nevada and California, already rely entirely on renewable energy, the company said. The electricity comes from a variety of alternative sources, including biogas, as well as wind, solar and hydro power.
That means whenever people are interacting with Apple's iTunes store, sending messages or engaging in video chats, they "can feel comfortable that they are not adding any carbon pollution to the atmosphere," Jackson said.
About 94 percent of the power in Apple's offices in the world is now supplied by renewable energy sources, up from 35 percent in 2010, according to the company. Apple is building a new 2.8-million-square-foot (0.26-million sq. meter) headquarters in Cupertino that will be powered solely by renewable energy when it's completed in 2016.
About 120 of Apple's U.S. stores, or nearly half of the outlets in the country, run entirely on renewable energy. The company isn't specifying a timetable for meeting its goal to convert its other 300 stores in the world to renewable energy.


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Tonalist Wins Belmont Stakes; California Chrome 4th
Tonalist sprinted down the stretch and beat Commissioner by a nose to win the thrilling 146th Belmont Stakes in New York on Saturday. Favored California Chrome finished tied with Wicked Strong for fourth and failed to become horse racing's first Triple Crown winner since 1978.
Medal Count finished third in the 11-horse field.
A staggering 4-5 favorite heading into the race, California Chrome and jockey Victor Espinoza were caught in the field coming into the final turn and could not finish strong enough to win.
Starting from the second slot in the gate, California Chrome was attempting to become the first horse to sweep the Triple Crown events - the Kentucky Derby and the Preakness and Belmont Stakes — since Affirmed in 1978. Instead, the Art Sherman-trained horse became the 13th challenger in the past 36 years to win the first two legs of the Triple Crown, yet fail to capture Belmont.
California Chrome co-owner Steve Coburn was upset after the race, calling the practice of horses not running in the first two Triple Crown races, but running the Belmont "the coward's way out." Belmont winner Tonalist did not run the Kentucky Derby or Preakness.
Jockey Joel Rosario led Tonalist around the 1.5-mile track in a winning time of 2:28.52. The horse paid $20.40 to win, $9.60 to place and $7 to show.
Commissioner paid $23.20 to place and $13.20 to show, while Medal Count paid $13.20 to show.
Watch a replay of the 2014 Belmont Stakes below:


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Refurbished Mini Windsor Handbag - Jaguar Haircalf
At a glance
- Refurbished Mini Windsor Handbag - Jaguar Haircalf
- 28 Day returns from the date of receipt
- Free Royal Mail Delivery on orders over £100
- 6-Month Warranty as standard
- Positive Karma - reducing waste and land fill
Key Facts
- This preloved Women's Mini Handbag - Jaguar Haircalf has been lovingly restored by skilled artisans to return it to its former glory, ready to give your wardrobe the Fairfax & Favor treatment at an unbeatable price.
- By treating yourself to this refurbished Bag, you're joining us in celebrating craftsmanship, preserving heritage and embracing responsible fashion choices
- Worried it won't be what you're after? We're confident you'll love your refurbished Fairfax & Favor Bags & Luggage,Accessories, but rest assured you'll enjoy a six-month warranty and you can send it back to us up to 28 days after receiving your order.
- ReFavored is our way of reducing this waste and championing a greener approach to fashion – at the same time preserving the beauty and longevity of cherished pieces ready for proud new owners.
- Prefer brand new? Shop the The Mini Windsor now!
Can I use Klarna?
Klarna is not currently supported at checkout, however, purchases can be made through the Klarna App
- Download the App here
- Log in to your account
- Navigate to Refavored.com in the app
- Select "Pay" at the base of the screen
- Set an amount for purchase with a one-time card
- Use the card at checkout
- Enjoy your blue box delivery!
- Free Royal Mail 48-Hour Delivery on orders over £100 (£7.95 up to £99.99)
(Working days - Monday - Friday)
If you are not completely satisfied with your ReFavored order or if you change your mind within 28 days, you can return your product for a full refund.
Items must be returned in their original condition as purchased, and customers are responsible for the return shipping fee. To return, please contact us and we'll we'll help you organise your return.
Please allow up to 14 working days from the date your return is posted for your refund to be processed.
Please note that we do not include returns forms in our UK orders to minimize waste. To return your order, please follow the process outlined on our returns page.
If you encounter any issues while processing your return, please contact our Customer Care team, who will be happy to assist you. For more information on returns, please refer to our FAQ's page.
Take a look at our returns page for more details.
Why buy Refurbished?
- Certified Repairs - Our skilled craftspeople at The Boot Repair Company meticulously repair and recondition our footwear, ensuring the longevity of the high-quality products created by Fairfax & Favor.
- Better for the environment - At Fairfax & Favor, we are committed to our sustainability journey, which involves extending the lifespan of our footwear, clothing, and accessories.
- Repairing and reconditioning returned footwear is an integral part of this journey, as it helps reduce the growing amount of landfill generated by the shoe industry each year.
- At Fairfax & Favor, we believe the most sustainable option for our footwear, is to keep them on feet for as long as we possibly can. Fairfax & Favor provides our customers with the opportunity to support our on-going ambitions, of keeping materials in use for longer and diverting our footwear away from ending up in landfill.
- Reconditioning our returned footwear to avoid adding to the mountain of landfill being generated by the shoe industry each year is an important part of our journey. Our shoes are repaired and reconditioned by highly skilled craftspeople at The Boot Repair Company, extending the life of our quality footwear produced by Fairfax & Favor.
We take great pride in the craftsmanship and refurbishment of our products.
In the eventuality that a manufacturing fault occurs, our refurbished products come with a generous 6-month warranty from the date of purchase.
Normal wear and tear, accidental damage, misuse, and unauthorised repairs are not covered by the warranty.
For further information click here
[The details]
What do the Grades mean?
Like New:
These products are in great condition, showing minimal signs of wear and in almost perfect condition. Components such as press studs or laces may have been replaced. Tassels may vary in color or material compared to the original boots/shoes. All products are thoroughly sanitized inside and out using Micro-Fresh Technology. Blue box included (might not be perfect)!
What's included?
- The Product
- Dust Bags
- A Blue Box (may not be perfect)
How We Repair Our Products:
ReFavored returns undergo a thorough inspection to identify any faults and are then graded. Each pair is steam cleaned and sanitized inside and out using Micro-Fresh, effectively eliminating all known bacteria. Our skilled crafts team then proceeds with the repair and reconditioning process, addressing various aspects:
- Broken zips are replaced with new ones.
- Torn lining or seams are re-stitched to create a durable repair.
- Gusset or buckle elastic is replaced where necessary.
- Torn or weakened areas are patched.
- Soles and heels are re-bonded as needed.
- Broken eyelets and lace hooks are carefully replaced.
- Damaged laces and insoles are replaced.
- Damaged soles and heels are replaced with new ones if required.
- Packaging is replaced where necessary.


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Knox Cold Killers Hot Hood Balaclava - Black
We Price Match!
Seen a product cheaper by more than £1 elsewhere on a UK website?
We'll match that price giving you the guaranteed lowest price possible!
Fill out and submit our Price Match Request form below. Once the price match request has been reviewed and accepted you will receive a confirmation email with your discount code.
Terms and Conditions Apply.
The Hot Hood Balaclava is designed to keep your head warm in winter. The Cold Killers range of thermal clothing from Knox is industry leading. This product is featured in our Base Layers Buyers Guide, have a look!
- Windproof neck front and back to keep out draughts
- Soft mesh airflow panel for the top of the head
- Contoured design for a more comfortable fit
- Mesh panel covering the nose for ventilation and breathability
- Flat lock seams mean no bulky stitching pressing against the skin
- High performance 10K/10K membrane combined with stretch softshell
- Windproof
- Water resistant
- Breathable
Neckwear Season | Winter |
Material | Textile |
Weather Protection | Water Resistant |
Removable Air Filter | No |
Christmas Delivery
With disruption to postal services, we are sending all orders via next day courier to ensure arrival in time for Christmas day. Choose from FedEx, DPD and DHL at checkout.
UK Orders - Next Day Delivery: Order by 12 noon on Wednesday the 21st.
International Orders - Order by 12 noon on Monday the 19th.
Orders placed before 12pm (Monday to Friday) are shipped the same day, if all items are In Stock as indicated on the product page.
Any items that have a lead time (Ships in up to ... working days) are available with our supplier and need be ordered and recieved by our warehouse before being dispatched. Your order will be placed on hold until all items are ready to be dispatched.
Orders placed before 12pm (Monday to Friday) are shipped same day, subject to the stock availability indicated on the product page.
Any items that have a lead time (Ships in up to...) are available with our supplier and will be ordered and recieved by our warehouse before being dispatched.
UK Mainland
FREE Next Day* Delivery (from dispatch) and FREE Returns via DHL on orders over £50
£4.95 next day delivery via DHL on orders under £50.
*If ordered before 12pm (Monday to Friday). Subject to stock availability and dispatch lead time. See product page for details.
Excludes eBikes. Delivery via FedEx. See UK Delivery FAQ for details.
UK Non-Mainland (N. Ireland, Highlands, Islands)
Delivery via DHL or DPD
Shipping cost is calculated based on order weight and can be viewed in the basket.
Europe, USA, Rest Of The World
Delivery via DHL Express or Economy service
Shipping cost is calculated based on order weight and can be viewed in the basket.
Customs duty and local tax. Please be aware when your order arrives into the destination country and duty, taxes and administration fees are payable by the recipient.


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Preschool & Kindergarten (3-5 years)
Preschool & Kindergarten (3-5 years)
Our exceptional kindergarten and preschool program provides every opportunity to prepare your child for a positive start to their schooling years. Here our educators strike a balance between child-initiated and teacher-led activities.
While still focusing on attentive care and play-based learning, our educators will foster your child's
natural desire to engage with educational programs for life. We deliver a School Readiness program that specialist in allowing your child to slowly adapt to the new school environment socially, emotionally and mentally before they even arrive. This program teaches the children a variety of literacy and numeracy skills, including how to write their names, identification of simple numbers and shapes, recognition skills, such as identifying their school bags, and a range of communications skills, tools and tactics.
When the time comes, your child will be ready to spread their wings and fly.


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3/4 in. Square Barn Door Handle - 11 in. L
Product Details
The barn door handle - reimagined. We've given our barn door handle a new sleek, edgy design to match the evolving look of industrial farmhouse decor. Traditional rounded curves are replaced with straight tees, squared-off plugs, and our patented square flange to give your decor a unique look and feel. A perfect blend of function and style, these industrial farmhouse-style barn door pulls are the finishing touch for your rustic barn doors. These are genuine industrial pipe fittings, not imitation barn door handles. This product will stand the test of time. Hefty ¾ in. pipe and fittings means this industrial handle works well with full-sized doors and gives you something to grab onto. Authentic plumbing pipe and fittings can be painted to match your decor or sealed with a clear finish. Our industrial black steel pipes and malleable iron fittings can be matched with any type of wood for a one-of-a-kind DIY door handle project that you can complete in just one weekend. We recommend using our barn door handles on solid wood doors only. PIPE DÉCOR is built to stand the test of time. We're modernizing pipes and using traditional materials in new, innovative ways. Each piece is the standard size and weight used in industrial pipe applications. Our pipes are durable, so you never have to worry about your door pulls failing to deliver. Don't accept cheap substitutes available in purely decorative materials. PIPE DÉCOR is the real deal.
- Assembled handle is 11 inches long; handle grip is 5 ½ inches long; flanges are 3 ¼ inches wide
- Kit includes (2) ¾ in. x CL nipples, (1) ¾ in. x 6 in. pipe, (2) ¾ in. square flanges, (2) ¾ in. elbows, (8) screws, instructions, and a clean and seal sheet
- Pipe is made from welded Sch. 40 steel and the final color varies from dark grey to black
- We recommend screwing the flanges into a solid door
- Features our exclusive patented square flange
Shipping & Returns
Shipping Policy:
Thank you for choosing our services for your shipping needs. We strive to provide you with the best shipping experience possible. Please take a moment to review our shipping policy, which outlines our guidelines for same-day shipping and free shipment on orders over $100 USD.
Same-Day Shipping:
- Orders placed before 2:00 PM local time] on business days (Monday to Friday, excluding holidays) will be processed and shipped on the same day.
- Orders placed after the cutoff time or on weekends/holidays will be processed and shipped on the next business day.
- Same-day shipping is subject to product availability, order verification, and payment confirmation.
- We do not ship to P.O. Box
- For larger orders and multiple items that might require additional time, the Customer Service Team will reach out.
Free Shipment on Orders over $100 USD:
- We offer free shipping on orders with a subtotal equal to or exceeding $100 USD.
- The free shipping offer is valid only for standard shipping methods within the designated shipping zones within the US (48 States) excluding Hawaii, Alaska, Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands.
- Orders below $100 USD will be charged the standard shipping rate based on the selected shipping method and destination.
Free Shipment on First Time Purchases:
- We offer free shipping on first time purchases.
- The free shipping offer is valid only for standard shipping methods within the designated shipping zones within the US (48 States). This excludes Hawaii , Alaska, Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands in this offer.
- Limit one use per new customer. Customers who have already purchased previously are not qualified for the discount.
Shipping Methods and Delivery Time:
- We offer various shipping methods, including standard, expedited, and overnight shipping. The availability of these options may vary depending on your location.
- Delivery times may vary based on the shipping method chosen and the destination address.
- Once your order is shipped, you will receive a confirmation email containing tracking information to track the progress of your shipment.
Shipping Restrictions:
- Some products may have specific shipping restrictions due to their nature, size, weight, or legal regulations. These restrictions will be clearly stated on the product page.
- We currently ship within the United States of America. Please contact our customer support team for further assistance if your location is not listed.
Customs and Duties:
- International orders may be subject to customs fees, import duties, taxes, or other charges the destination country imposes. These charges are the customer's responsibility and are not included in the order total or shipping cost.
- Please check with your local customs office for information on potential fees or restrictions before placing an international order.
Order Tracking and Support:
- To track your order, use the tracking number provided in the shipping confirmation email or log in to your account on our website.
- If you have any questions or need assistance regarding your shipment, please reach out to our customer support team. We will be happy to assist you.
Please note that this shipping policy is subject to change without prior notice. Any updates or modifications will be posted on our website. Please contact our customer support team for clarification if you have any questions or concerns about our shipping policy.
Thank you for choosing our services. We appreciate your business!
Thank you for considering our store for your purchase. We strive to provide our customers with high-quality products and excellent customer service. To ensure a smooth and hassle-free shopping experience, we have outlined our return and exchange policy below:
Return Policy:
Items may be returned within 30 days of purchase.
The item must be in its original condition and packaging, with all tags attached.
All sale items are final purchase.
Proof of purchase, such as a receipt or order confirmation, must be provided.
Shipping costs are non-refundable.
For returns, customers can choose between a refund to the original payment method or a store credit refund.
Please refer to our return and exchange policies.
It is important to note that we have this policy in place to ensure that we can provide our customers with high-quality products and excellent customer service. After the 30-day period, it becomes difficult for us to resell the item, and we cannot guarantee that the item has not been damaged or used.
We encourage our customers to inspect their items upon receipt and contact us promptly if there are any issues. This will allow us to address the problem and work towards a solution in a timely manner.
Refund Policy:
For returns, customers can choose between a refund to the original payment method or a store credit refund.
If a store credit refund is chosen, the customer will receive a credit for the total amount of the item(s) returned, which can be used towards a future purchase.
For returns due to a change of mind, a restocking fee of 15% of the item's price may be charged.
The restocking fee will not be charged if the item is defective or not as described.
The customer can be refunded once our team receives and inspects the returned item. If the item is in its original condition and packaging with all tags attached, a refund will be issued to the original payment method used for the purchase. Please note that shipping costs are non-refundable.
The customer is responsible for the associated cost of the return. Customers can choose to return on their own or can use our special shipping rates our customer service team will provide the estimated cost. Once the customer approves, we will provide a return shipping label cost of the label and a 10-dollar surcharge will be deducted from the refund.
Refunds will typically be processed within 5-7 business days after we receive the returned item. The exact time it takes for the refund to appear in the customer's account may vary depending on the payment method and the customer's bank or credit card company.
If there are any issues with the returned item or the return does not meet the requirements of our return policy, we will contact the customer to discuss the matter and work towards a solution.
We aim to provide our customers with a smooth and hassle-free refund process, and we appreciate your patience and understanding. If you have any questions or concerns regarding your refund, please do not hesitate to contact us.
We are committed to our customers, so our priority is to provide quality products to meet customer satisfaction. Unfortunately, in the unlikely event that an item received shows signs of damage that could occur during transit, we are committed to working closely with you as a valued customer to resolve the issue and promptly ensure your complete satisfaction.
Exchange Policy:
Items may be exchanged within 30 days of purchase.
The item must be in its original condition and packaging, with all tags attached.
Proof of purchase, such as a receipt or order confirmation, must be provided.
The customer will cover shipping costs for the exchange.
To initiate an exchange, contact our customer service department.
If you have any questions or concerns regarding our return and exchange policy, please do not hesitate to contact us. We value your business and are committed to ensuring your satisfaction with our products and services.
In such cases, we will work with the customer to resolve the issue to the best of our ability.
We strive to provide our customers with high-quality products and excellent customer service, and we appreciate your understanding of our final sale policy. If you have any questions or concerns regarding a final sale item, please do not hesitate to contact us.
Thank you for your understanding and for choosing our store for your purchase.
Return Exchange and refund process
Need a Return Label?
To provide our customers with a return label, we may use a variety of methods depending on the circumstances of the return. Here are some common ways a customer may receive a return label:
By Email: We may send a return label via email, which the customer can print out and attach to the package for return.
Online Account: If the customer has an account with us, they may be able to generate a return label through their account dashboard.
In some cases, the customer may be responsible for covering the cost of the return label, which will be deducted from the refund amount. If this is the case, we will inform the customer of the fee and provide instructions on proceeding with the return.
We understand that each return may have unique circumstances, and we will do our best to provide clear and concise instructions on initiating a return and receiving a return label. If the customer has any questions or concerns regarding the return label, they can contact us for assistance.


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This document was originally written by Bruce Perens, Sven Rudolph, Igor Grobman, James Treacy, and Adam Di Carlo. Sebastian Ley wrote the Installation Howto.
Miroslav Kuře has documented a lot of the new functionality in Sarge's debian-installer. Frans Pop was the main editor and release manager during the Etch, Lenny and Squeeze releases.
Many, many Debian users and developers contributed to this document. Particular note must be made of Michael Schmitz (m68k support), Frank Neumann (original author of the Amiga install manual), Arto Astala, Eric Delaunay/Ben Collins (SPARC information), Tapio Lehtonen, and Stéphane Bortzmeyer for numerous edits and text. We have to thank Pascal Le Bail for useful information about booting from USB memory sticks.
Extremely helpful text and information was found in Jim Mintha's HOWTO for network booting (no URL available), the Debian FAQ, the Linux/m68k FAQ, the Linux for SPARC Processors FAQ, the Linux/Alpha FAQ, amongst others. The maintainers of these freely available and rich sources of information must be recognized.
The section on chrooted installations in this manual (Section D.3, "Installing Debian GNU/Linux from a Unix/Linux System") was derived in part from documents copyright Karsten M. Self.


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Last week, the National Association of Realtors (NAR) released their most recent Existing Home Sales Report. According to the report:
"The median existing-home price for all housing types in January was $240,500, up 5.8 percent from January 2017 ($227,300). January's price increase marks the 71st straight month of year-over-year gains."
Seventy-one consecutive months of price increases may have some concerned that current home values may be overinflated.
However, at the same time, Zillow issued a press release which revealed:
"If the housing bubble and bust had not happened, and home values had instead appreciated at a steady pace, the median home value would be higher than its current value."
Here are two graphs that help show why home prices are exactly where they should be.
The first graph shows actual median home sales prices from 2000 through 2017.
By itself, this graph could heighten concerns as it shows home values rose in the early 2000s, came tumbling down and are now headed up again. It gives the feel of a rollercoaster ride that is about to take another turn downward.
However, if we also include where prices would naturally be, had there not been a boom & bust, we see a different story.
The blue bars on this graph represent where prices would be if they had increased by the normal annual appreciation rate (3.6%). By adding 3.6% to the actual 2000 price and repeating that for each subsequent year, we can see that prices were overvalued during the boom, undervalued during the bust, and a little bit LOWER than where they should be right now.
Bottom Line
Based on historic appreciation levels, we should be very comfortable that current home values are not overinflated. Curious as to your current value? Click here to find out!
Laura Wilson
Windermere Real Estate, Florence Oregon