text:
International Free Expression on the Internet Resources
Table of Contents
- The Basic Human Rights Framework
- Institutions
- Documents Interpreting and Applying Free Expression Principles – With Special Emphasis on Documents Referencing the Internet
- Economic Arguments in Favor of Free Expression
- Skeptical Voices and Analyses
- Reports and Articles
- General Media Law and Policy Resources
- Assessments of Internet Freedom, Censorship and Control
I. The Basic Human Rights Framework
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Article 19.
Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.
Article 29
- Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of his personality is possible.
- In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society.
- These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)
Article 19.
- Everyone shall have the right to hold opinions without interference.
- Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression; this right shall include freedom to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, either orally, in writing or in print, in the form of art, or through any other media of his choice.
- The exercise of the rights provided for in paragraph 2 of this article carries with it special duties and responsibilities. It may therefore be subject to certain restrictions, but these shall only be such as are provided by law and are necessary:
- For respect of the rights or reputations of others;
- For the protection of national security or of public order (ordre public), or of public health or morals.
European Convention on Human Rights
Article 10 – Freedom of Expression
- Everyone has the right to freedom of expression. This right shall include freedom to hold opinions and to receive and impart information and ideas without interference by public authority and regardless of frontiers. This article shall not prevent States from requiring the licensing of broadcasting, television or cinema enterprises.
- The exercise of these freedoms, since it carries with it duties and responsibilities, may be subject to such formalities, conditions, restrictions or penalties as are prescribed by law and are necessary in a democratic society, in the interests of national security, territorial integrity or public safety, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals, for the protection of the reputation or rights of others, for preventing the disclosure of information received in confidence, or for maintaining the authority and impartiality of the judiciary.
Article 15 – Derogation in time of emergency
- In time of war or other public emergency threatening the life of the nation any High Contracting Party may take measures derogating from its obligations under this Convention to the extent strictly required by the exigencies of the situation, provided that such measures are not inconsistent with its other obligations under international law…
Article 16 – Restrictions on political activity of aliens
Nothing in Articles 10, 11 and 14 shall be regarded as preventing the High Contracting Parties from imposing restrictions on the political activity of aliens.
Article 17 – Prohibition of abuse of rights
Nothing in this Convention may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein or at their limitation to a greater extent than is provided for in the Convention.
American Convention on Human Rights
Article 13. Freedom of Thought and Expression
- Everyone has the right to freedom of thought and expression. This right includes freedom to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, either orally, in writing, in print, in the form of art, or through any other medium of one's choice.
- The exercise of the right provided for in the foregoing paragraph shall not be subject to prior censorship but shall be subject to subsequent imposition of liability, which shall be expressly established by law to the extent necessary to ensure:
- respect for the rights or reputations of others; or
- the protection of national security, public order, or public health or morals.
- The right of expression may not be restricted by indirect methods or means, such as the abuse of government or private controls over newsprint, radio broadcasting frequencies, or equipment used in the dissemination of information, or by any other means tending to impede the communication and circulation of ideas and opinions.
- Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2 above, public entertainments may be subject by law to prior censorship for the sole purpose of regulating access to them for the moral protection of childhood and adolescence.
- Any propaganda for war and any advocacy of national, racial, or religious hatred that constitute incitements to lawless violence or to any other similar action against any person or group of persons on any grounds including those of race, color, religion, language, or national origin shall be considered as offenses punishable by law.
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
Article 9
- Every individual shall have the right to receive information.
- Every individual shall have the right to express and disseminate his opinions within the law.
Article 27
- Every individual shall have duties towards his family and society, the State and other legally recognized communities and the international community.
- The rights and freedoms of each individual shall be exercised with due regard to the rights of others, collective security, morality and common interest.
Article 29
The individual shall also have the duty:
- …
- To serve his national community by placing his physical and intellectual abilities at its service;
- Not to compromise the security of the State whose national or resident he is;
- To preserve and strengthen social and national solidarity, particularly when the latter is threatened;
- To preserve and strengthen the national independence and the territorial integrity of his country and to contribute to its defense in accordance with the law;
- To preserve and strengthen positive African cultural values …in the spirit of tolerance, dialogue and consultation and…
- To contribute to the best of his abilities, at all times and at all levels, to the promotion and achievement of African unity.
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
Article 5
In compliance with the fundamental obligations laid down in article 2 of this Convention, States Parties undertake to prohibit and to eliminate racial discrimination in all its forms and to guarantee the right of everyone…notably in the enjoyment of the following rights:
- The right to equal treatment before the tribunals and all other organs administering justice;
- Other civil rights, in particular:
- The right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion;
- The right to freedom of opinion and expression;
II. Institutions
United Nations
Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights
Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
The Americas
Inter-American Court of Human Rights
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
Office of the Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression
Council of Europe
European Court of Human Rights
Recommendation CM/Rec(2008)6 of the Committee of Ministers to member states on measures to promote the respect for freedom of expression and information with regard to Internet Filters (March 26, 2008)
Declaration on freedom of communication on the Internet (May 28, 2003)
Recommendation 1670 (2004), Internet and the Law
Recommendation 1543 (2001), Racism and xenophobia in cyberspace
Recommendation 1882 (2009), The promotion of Internet and online media services appropriate for minors (encouraging filtering for child protection)
- In order to handle the challenges of the Internet at home, parents need the support of social institutions for families and schools. The state has the responsibility to raise awareness, provide guidance, including against gender stereotypes, and set up minimum standards. These minimum standards should include access restrictions to violent content, pornography, advertising for tobacco and alcoholic products and gambling. Such access restrictions could be achieved by filters employed by parents, teachers, librarians or others at their access devices, as well as by providers of content or services for minors.
- Technical security is constantly increased with regard to computer networks. Firewalls and individual security settings of personal computers are refined in order to keep pace with the technical progress of those seeking to bypass security systems. The Assembly therefore believes that it will be helpful, especially with regard to minors, to develop secure and restricted computer networks – often referred to as Intranets, walled gardens or gated communities – which are accessible to an identifiable group of users only, typically require adherence to a code of conduct, fall under a clear set of legal rules and the jurisdiction of a given country and filter content harmful to minors. Technical security systems, however, cannot replace widely accessible and adequate education…
- Internet content which may be harmful to minors can be rated voluntarily by content providers in accordance with the standards set by the Internet Content Rating Association (ICRA), which subsequently allow for parental filtering of adult websites, for instance.
- The Assembly calls on member and observer states' parliaments to:
15.1. assess the technological possibilities of increasing the safety of minors using the Internet and online media services, including mobile audiovisual telecommunications, in particular filtering devices and access restriction technologies;
15.2. initiate, together with the Internet industry and child protection organisations, public awareness campaigns targeted at the risks and opportunities for minors using Internet and online media services as well as the technical opportunities to restrict harmful content;
15.3. support the creation and marketing of services adequate for children and adolescents, including restricted networks described in paragraph 11 above, as well as free software for parental filtering of content that parents deem to be potentially harmful to their children;
15.4. promote, in co-operation with the Internet industry and child protection, equal opportunities and other civil society organisations, public quality standards and ratings of Internet and online media services adequate for minors, and ensure that access to adult content is effectively restricted by age-verification systems installed by the providers of such content; …
- The Assembly appeals to the online media industry to develop and apply codes of conduct with regard to privacy protection, equal opportunities, commercial activities targeted at minors and content potentially harmful to them. Internet hotlines and other complaint mechanisms against potentially illegal and harmful content or conduct should be maintained by Internet service and content providers. Commercial services provided in conformity with high ethical standards and high safety protection for minors will be in growing demand in an ever expanding Internet and online media market.
European Union
European Parliament Common Foreign and Security Policy
Since 1995, bilateral trade agreements and the various types of association and cooperation agreements between the EU and third countries or regional organisations have included a human rights clause. This is formalised as an "essential clause", a provision stipulating that respect for human rights and democratic principles underpins the internal and external policies of the Parties and constitutes an essential element of the agreement. It is often followed by an additional clause on non-execution of the agreement in the case of breaches of such an essential element of the agreement. Measures taken under the human rights clause may take different forms from reduction or suspension of cooperation to more serious sanctions.
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR)
OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media
III. Documents Interpreting and Applying Free Expression Principles – With Special Emphasis on Documents Referencing the Internet
World Summit on the Information Society, Declaration of Principles (2003)
- We reaffirm, as an essential foundation of the Information Society, and as outlined in Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, that everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; that this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers…Everyone, everywhere should have the opportunity to participate and no one should be excluded from the benefits the Information Society offers…
- The ability for all to access and contribute information, ideas and knowledge is essential in an inclusive Information Society…
- While recognizing the principles of universal and non-discriminatory access to ICTs for all nations…It is necessary to prevent the use of information resources and technologies for criminal and terrorist purposes, while respecting human rights…
- We reaffirm our commitment to the principles of freedom of the press and freedom of information, as well as those of the independence, pluralism and diversity of media, which are essential to the Information Society. Freedom to seek, receive, impart and use information for the creation, accumulation and dissemination of knowledge are important to the Information Society….
- The use of ICTs and content creation should respect human rights and fundamental freedoms of others….
- All actors in the Information Society should take appropriate actions and preventive measures, as determined by law, against abusive uses of ICTs, such as illegal and other acts motivated by racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia, and related intolerance, hatred, violence, all forms of child abuse, including paedophilia and child pornography, and trafficking in, and exploitation of, human beings
Sana'a Declaration on Promoting Independent and Pluralistic Arab Media (1996-97) (Searchable html version)
Arab States should provide, and reinforce where they exist, constitutional and legal guarantees of freedom of expression and of press freedom and should abolish those laws and measures that limit the freedom of the press; government tendencies to draw limits / "red lines" outside the purview of the law restrict these freedoms and are unacceptable;
International assistance in Arab countries should aim to develop print and electronic media, independent of governments in order to encourage pluralism as well as editorial independence. Public media should be supported and funded only when they are editorially independent and where a constitutional, effective freedom of information and expression and the independence of the press are guaranteed;
Arab governments should cooperate with the United Nations and UNESCO, other governmental and non-governmental development agencies, organizations and professional associations, in order to:
- enact and/or revise laws with a view to: enforcing the rights to freedom of expression and press freedom and legally enforceable free access to information; eliminating monopoly controls over news and advertising; putting an end to all forms of social, economic or political discrimination in broadcasting, in the allocation of frequencies, in printing, in newspaper and magazine distribution and in newsprint production and allocation; abolishing all barriers to launching new publications and any form of discriminatory taxation;
Sana'a Declaration on Democracy, Human Rights and the Role of the International Criminal Court
- A free and independent media is essential for the promotion and protection of democracy and human rights. Pluralism in the media and its privatisation are vital for contributing to the dissemination of human rights information, facilitating informed public participation, promoting tolerance and contributing to governmental accountability. The media should contribute effectively and responsibly towards the strengthening of democracy and human rights knowledge;
…The participants therefore agree to:…
- Work towards future modalities of democratic consultation and cooperation among themselves, including civil society, and the establishment of an Arab Democratic Dialogue Forum as an instrument for the promotion of dialogue between diverse actors, for strengthening democracy, human rights and civil liberties, especially freedom of opinion and expression, and strengthening the partnership between public authorities and civil society.
COE Council of Ministers, Declaration of Freedom of Communication, May 28, 2003
Principle 1: Content rules for the Internet
Member states should not subject content on the Internet to restrictions which go further than those applied to other means of content delivery.
Principle 3: Absence of prior state control
Public authorities should not, through general blocking or filtering measures, deny access by the public to information and other communication on the Internet, regardless of frontiers. This does not prevent the installation of filters for the protection of minors, in particular in places accessible to them, such as schools or libraries.
Provided that the safeguards of Article 10, paragraph 2, of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms are respected, measures may be taken to enforce the removal of clearly identifiable Internet content or, alternatively, the blockage of access to it, if the competent national authorities have taken a provisional or final decision on its illegality.
Principle 4: Removal of barriers to the participation of individuals in the information society
Member states should foster and encourage access for all to Internet communication and information services on a non-discriminatory basis at an affordable price. Furthermore, the active participation of the public, for example by setting up and running individual websites, should not be subject to any licensing or other requirements having a similar effect.
(Principle 6, "Limited liability of service providers for Internet content," begins by calling for no general obligation to monitor content, but then, like EU law, permits liability where the provider fails to abide by any national notice & takedown law.)
OSCE Amsterdam Recommendations, Freedom of the Media and Internet (June 2003)
- Access to digital networks and the Internet must be fostered. Barriers at all levels, be they technical, structural or educational, must be dismantled.
Freedom of Expression
- The advantages of a vast network of online resources and the free flow of information outweigh the dangers of misusing the Internet. But criminal exploitation of the Internet cannot be tolerated. Illegal content must be prosecuted in the country of its origin but all legislative and law enforcement activity must clearly target only illegal content and not the infrastructure of the Internet itself.
- The global prosecution of criminal content, such as child pornography, must be warranted and also on the Internet all existing laws must be observed. However, the basic principle of freedom of expression must not be confined and there is no need for new legislation.
- In a modern democratic and civil society citizens themselves should make the decision on what they want to access on the Internet. The right to disseminate and to receive information is a basic human right. All mechanisms for filtering or blocking content are not acceptable.
- Any means of censorship that are unacceptable within the 'classic media' must not be used for online media. New forms of censorship must not be developed.
My Office received information that in a number of participating States – including Azerbaijan, Belarus, Russia, and Kazakhstan – the introduction of new legislation to regulate the Internet is discussed.
Our Office holds that Internet regulation should be limited to areas where it is absolutely unavoidable, and it should be clearly based on constitutional values and international commitments such as freedom of expression and the free flow of information. Guarantees of freedom of the media hosted on the Internet shall also be explicit in any upcoming regulation. The Internet should be seen as a space that works best autonomously and without any intervention.
OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media, "The Media Freedom Internet Cookbook" (2004)
Freedom of expression imposes an obligation on the authorities to take positive measures to promote diversity, which include among other things-:
– availability and promotion of a range of information and ideas to the public;
– pluralistic access to the media and other means of communication
- The Guarantee of Freedom of Expression
- Freedom of expression and information, including the right to seek, receive and impart information and ideas, either orally, in writing or in print, in the form of art, or through any other form of communication, including across frontiers, is a fundamental and inalienable human right and an indispensable component of democracy.
- Everyone shall have an equal opportunity to exercise the right to freedom of expression and to access information without discrimination.
- Interference with Freedom of Expression
- No one shall be subject to arbitrary interference with his or her freedom of expression.
- Any restrictions on freedom of expression shall be provided by law, serve a legitimate interest and be necessary and in a democratic society.
- Diversity
- Private Broadcasting
- States shall encourage a diverse, independent private broadcasting sector. A State monopoly over broadcasting is not compatible with the right to freedom of expression.…
Reports of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and
expression to the UN Commission on Human Rights (1999-2009)
1999 Report (Special Rapporteur Abid Hussain)
The instinct or tendency of Governments to consider regulation rather than enhancing and increasing access to the Internet is, therefore, to be strongly checked. While perhaps unique in its reach and application, the Internet is, at base, merely another form of communication to which any restriction and regulation would violate the rights set out in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and, in particular, article 19. [P. 11.]
If progress is to be made to defeat racism, hate speech and intolerance on a national and international scale, it is incumbent upon all Governments to see the Internet and other information technologies not as things requiring regulation and restriction but rather as the means to achieve a genuine plurality of voices. The Special Rapporteur strongly believes that the world needs more, not less, speech – in as many languages and reflecting as many cultures as are known to exist. [P. 12.]
126. As regards the impact of new information technology on the right to freedom of opinion and expression, the Special Rapporteur considers it of pre-eminent importance that they be considered in light of the same international standards as other means of communication and that no measures be taken which would unduly restrict freedom of expression and information; in case of doubt, the decision should be in favour of free expression and flow of information. With regard to the Internet, the Special Rapporteur wishes to reiterate that on-line expression should be guided by international standards and be guaranteed the same protection as is awarded to other forms of expression.
127. In this context, he also recommends that all reasonable steps be taken to promote access to the Internet. For instance, Governments should promote an economic and regulatory environment which encourages the extension of telecommunication lines to rural and other previously under-serviced areas. Wherever possible, government information should be made available through the Internet. [Pp. 29-30.]
2008 Report (Special Rapporteur Ambeyi Ligabo)
23. The new media, especially the Internet, have not remained free of censorship and direct repression. In past years, the Special Rapporteur has noted a growing trend of censorship and the banning of websites and Internet contributors, particularly bloggers. Due to the low cost, decentralized nature and great reach of the Internet, it has become an important outlet for the circulation of independent opinions about State authorities and policies. Many Governments therefore have developed an interest in controlling, monitoring and censoring the digital media, in particular the Internet, including by punishing hundreds of so-called cyber-dissidents around the world. In some cases, Internet use in private home connections has been completely banned, thus allowing for total government oversight over Internet use by its citizens.
24. The Special Rapporteur further highlights the facts that, in several cases, these illegal restrictions on the right to freedom of opinion and expression have been accepted and even facilitated by leading Internet corporations, the majority of which are based in democratic countries. Search engines, for example, have accepted many Governments' imposition for strict controls and censorship, such as blocking "politically sensitive terms" of search results presented to individuals. Furthermore, the Special Rapporteur is deeply worried about many large Internet corporations who have disclosed personal information of their users to allow Governments to identify and convict internet writers. [Pp. 10-11.]
2009 Report (Special Rapporteur Frank La Rue)
38. The exercise of the right to freedom of opinion and expression is a significant indicator of the level of protection and respect of all other human rights in a given society. Democratic institutions, while not preventing all violations of the right to freedom of opinion and expression, do offer guarantees for its protection as well as an enabling environment for its exercise. Freedom of opinion and expression not only benefits from a democratic environment; it also contributes to, and is indeed instrumental to, the emergence and existence of effective democratic systems. However, violations of the right to freedom of opinion and expression may occur in all regions and countries, whatever their system, and may have various forms.
39. The Special Rapporteur notes that freedom of expression is the manifestation of cultures, cultural diversity, religion and ideologies. Therefore, the right to freedom of expression should be approached with a positive view to defending it. Existing international instruments establish a specific limit on freedom of expression. In particular, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights provides that "any advocacy of national, racial or religious hatred that constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence shall be prohibited by law". The main challenge thus lies in identifying at which point these thresholds are reached. A broad interpretation of these limitations, which has recently been suggested in international forums, is not in line with existing international instruments and would ultimately jeopardize the full enjoyment of human rights. Limitations to the right to freedom of opinion and expression have more often than not been used by States as a means to restrict criticism and silence dissent.
40. Limitations on freedom of expression should be clearly defined and provided by law. Limitations should not threaten the exercise of the right itself. In addition, they ought to be necessary and proportionate to the objective they propound to achieve, and should include the least intrusive means insofar as freedom of expression is concerned, to prevent a chilling effect. The adjudication of such limitations should be made by an independent judiciary.
41. The right to freedom of expression cannot be exercised passively, but requires a lasting commitment by States to ensure the mechanisms that guarantee and protect it. Mechanisms for criticism, including of political leaders, are deemed important to hold individuals accountable. Freedom of expression is not limited to statements that are considered appropriate or beneficial; any boundaries should directly adhere to the wording of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
42. In many countries, overbroad rules in this area are abused by the powerful to limit non-traditional, dissenting, critical or minority voices, or discussion about challenging social issues. Furthermore, resolution of tensions based on genuine cultural or religious differences cannot be achieved by suppressing the expression of differences but rather by debating them openly. The Special Rapporteur notes that free speech is therefore a requirement for, and not an impediment to, tolerance. [Pp. 11-12.]
Tenth Anniversary Joint Declaration: Ten Key Challenges to Freedom of Expression in the Next Decade"
(February 2, 2010), The United UN Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Opinion and Expression, the OSCE
Representative on Freedom of the Media, the OAS Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Expression and the
ACHPR Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Expression and Access to Information
UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, CCPR General Comments
9. Freedom of Expression on the Internet
The significant potential of the Internet as a tool to promote the free flow of information and ideas has not been fully realised due to efforts by some governments to control or limit this medium. We are particularly concerned about:
- The fragmentation of the Internet through the imposition of firewalls and filters, as well as through registration requirements.
- State interventions, such as blocking of websites and web domains which give access to user- generated content or social networking, justified on social, historical or political grounds.
- The fact that some corporations which provide Internet searching, access, chat, publishing or other services fail to make a sufficient effort to respect the rights of those who use their services to access the Internet without interference, for example on political grounds.
- Jurisdictional rules which allow cases, particularly defamation cases, to be pursued anywhere, leading to a lowest common denominator approach."
CCPR General Comment No. 10: Freedom of expression (Art. 19): 29/06/83
2. Paragraph 2 [of Article 19] requires protection of the right to freedom of expression, which includes not only freedom to "impart information and ideas of all kinds", but also freedom to "seek" and "receive" them "regardless of frontiers" and in whatever medium, "either orally, in writing or in print, in the form of art, or through any other media of his choice". Not all States parties have provided information concerning all aspects of the freedom of expression. For instance, little attention has so far been given to the fact that, because of the development of modern mass media, effective measures are necessary to prevent such control of the media as would interfere with the right of everyone to freedom of expression in a way that is not provided for in paragraph 3.
3. Many State reports confine themselves to mentioning that freedom of expression is guaranteed under the Constitution or the law. However, in order to know the precise regime of freedom of expression in law and in practice, the Committee needs in addition pertinent information about the rules which either define the scope of freedom of expression or which set forth certain restrictions, as well as any other conditions which in practice affect the exercise of this right. It is the interplay between the principle of freedom of expression and such limitations and restrictions which determines the actual scope of the individual's right.
4. Paragraph 3 [of Article 19] expressly stresses that the exercise of the right to freedom of expression carries with it special duties and responsibilities and for this reason certain restrictions on the right are permitted which may relate either to the interests of other persons or to those of the community as a whole. However, when a State party imposes certain restrictions on the exercise of freedom of expression, these may not put in jeopardy the right itself. Paragraph 3 lays down conditions and it is only subject to these conditions that restrictions may be imposed: the restrictions must be "provided by law"; they may only be imposed for one of the purposes set out in subparagraphs (a) and (b) of paragraph 3; and they must be justified as being "necessary" for that State party for one of those purposes.
CCPR General Comment No. 11: Prohibition of propaganda for war and inciting national, racial or religious
hatred (Art. 20): 29/07/83
2. Article 20 of the [CCPR] states that any propaganda for war and any advocacy of national, racial or religious hatred that constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence shall be prohibited by law. In the opinion of the Committee, these required prohibitions are fully compatible with the right of freedom of expression as contained in article 19, the exercise of which carries with it special duties and responsibilities…
Johannesburg Principles on National Security, Freedom of Expression and Access to Information (1995)
Principle 1: Freedom of Opinion, Expression and Information
- Everyone has the right to freedom of expression, which includes the freedom to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, either orally, in writing or in print, in the form of art, or through any other media of his or her choice.
- The exercise of the rights provided for in paragraph (b) may be subject to restrictions on specific grounds, as established in international law, including for the protection of national security.
- No restriction on freedom of expression or information on the ground of national security may be imposed unless the government can demonstrate that the restriction is prescribed by law and is necessary in a democratic society to protect a legitimate national security interest. The burden of demonstrating the validity of the restriction rests with the government.
The Statement of Vienna (Sixteen guiding principles for ensuring press freedom on the Internet, adopted on Nov. 21, 2002 by members of nine global press freedom groups comprising the Coordinating Committee of Press Freedom Organizations)
- News media in cyberspace and via international satellite broadcasts should be afforded the same freedom of expression rights as traditional news media….
- There are many forms of communication over the Internet, and it is important not to confuse them. News, for example, is different from such things as pornography, paedophilia, fraud, conspiracy for terrorism, incitement to violence, hate speech, etc., although there may be news stories about such problems. Such matters as those listed are normally covered in existing national general legislation and can, if appropriate and necessary, be prosecuted on the national level in the country of origin.
No new legislation or international treaty is necessary. - Some countries that have advocated controls over the free flow of information across national frontiers have tried to justify such controls on political grounds, regional value systems or national information sovereignty.
Such controls are clearly in violation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Sofia Declaration from the European Seminar on Promoting Independent and Pluralistic Media (with special
focus on Central and Eastern Europe) (1997)
- All States should provide, or reinforce where they exist, constitutional and legal guarantees of freedom of expression and of press freedom and should review, revise and/or repeal those laws, regulations and measures that limit the exercise of this fundamental right. They should pay special attention to ensuring the respect of these guarantees. Tendencies to draw limits or taboos outside the purview of the law restrict these freedoms and are unacceptable…
- The advent of new information and communication technologies representing new channels for the free flow of information could and should contribute to pluralism, economic and social development, democracy and peace. The access to and the use of these new media should be afforded the same freedom of expression protections as traditional media…
IV. Economic Arguments in Favor of Free Expression
World Bank, "Information and Communications for Development 2006 – Global Trends and Policies"
In recent years the world's policy makers have recognized that ICT provides key inputs for economic development, contributes to global integration, and enhances public sector effectiveness, efficiency, and transparency. There is also growing consensus that countries seeking to strengthen their investment climates (for foreign as well as domestic investors) should make it a priority to improve ICT access and quality. Moreover, country conditions that bolster ICT investment—including sound economic policies, strong property rights, liberalized markets, limited restrictions on entry and ownership, and predictable regulation— contribute to a healthy overall business environment and so to growth throughout the economy. [P. 4.]
It may be necessary to revisit the regulatory framework from the viewpoint of its ability to support innovation. Some regulatory provisions, although appropriate for service supply by large companies using traditional technologies, now may stand in the way of new technologies and decentralized supply through a wider range of business models. The trend is toward replacing individual licensing of operators by a regime of general authorization, and making more spectrum available for shared and license-exempt use. [P. 44.]
World Bank, "World Development Report 2002: Building Institutions for Markets"
Across both developing and industrial countries, newspapers, broadcasts and new media such as the Internet have promoted competition in economic and political markets, and helped create incentives for public and private agents to become more accountable. And the media can empower people, including the poor, by giving them a platform for voicing diverse opinions, participating in governance, and engaging in markets. [P. 193.]
World Bank, World Development Indicators, 2008 (Open media help provide transparency and accountability in
government. Good governance, in turn, is vital for economic development, and the development dividend that it
generates is considerable.)
World Bank, "Implementation Plan for Strengthening World Bank Group Engagement in Governance and
Anticorruption," 2007 (Plural media support informed decision-making, increased accountability, responsiveness
and contribute to anti-corruption efforts.)
Tim Wu, The World Trade Law of Censorship and Internet Filtering (2006)
Samar Fatany, "A Free Press Is an Engine of Economic Growth"
Bi-lateral trade agreements
The EU's Strategy to deliver market access for European companies
Calls on the Commission to specifically deal with all restrictions on the provision of Internet and information society services imported by European companies in third countries as part of its external trade policy and to regard all unnecessary limitations on the provision of those services as constituting trade barriers;
V. Skeptical Voices and Analyses
Shanthi Kalathil and Taylor C. Boas, Open Networks, Closed Regimes: The Impact of the Internet on
Authoritarian Rule, excerpted online at First Monday, Volume 8 Number 1 (January 6, 2003)
Chapter 1- The Conventional Wisdom: What Lies Beneath?
Chapter 2 – Wired for Modernization in China
Stephanie Birdsall and William Birdsall, "Geography Matters: Mapping Human Development and Digital Access," First Monday (October 3, 2005) (Information and communications technologies may not play as strong a role in promoting human development as is usually asserted.)
VI. Reports and Articles
Mary Rundle and Malcolm Birdling, Access Denied, chapter 4 "Filtering and the International System: A Question of Commitment"
Human Rights Watch, False Freedom: Online Censorship in the Middle East and North Africa (2005), chapter 4: "Legal Standards Pertaining to Online Freedom of Expression"
VII. General Media Law and Policy Resources
The Enabling Environment for Free and Independent Media: Contribution to Transparent and Accountable
Governance (2002)
Article 19, Background Paper on Freedom of Expression and Internet Regulation (November 2001)
VIII. Assessments of Internet Freedom, Censorship and Control
Open Network Initiative reports
Human Rights Watch 2009 World Report
(Has section on Free Expression and Internet for many of the countries. Searching on "Internet" will give you a
good sense of Internet freedom country-by-country
Freedom House, Freedom on the Net: A Global Assessment of Internet and Digital Media, March 2009


text:
Private Transfers Ezulwini Berg Resort
Private Transfers Ezulwini Berg Resort offer a fully customisable passenger ground transportation options from and to Pretoria, O.R Tambo Airport, Sandton, Johannesburg, Lanseria Airport, Pietermaritzburg, Durban, King Shaka Airport, Richards Bay, St Lucia, Hluhluwe, Kosi Bay, Pongola, Ulundi, Vryheid, Newcastle, Phuthaditjhaba, Weenen, Colenso, Ladysmith, Estcourt, Winterton, Bergville, Jagersrust and the surrounding areas or one-way or return shuttle services anywhere in South Africa, including cross-border trips.
Private Transfers Ezulwini Berg Resort depart daily for a scenic drive for one-way or return shuttle services, airport transfers, meet and greet services and road vehicle transfers anywhere in South Africa and neighbouring countries, with guaranteed reliable, comfortable, convenient and hassle-free chauffeur driven car hire services, minibus hire with drivers and coach transfers tailored to meet customer specific requirements for individuals, couples, friends, families, small or large groups, wherever you are headed, with well-maintained fleet of cars driven by professional chauffeurs for you to reach your destination in a safe and timely manner. Private Transfers Ezulwini Berg Resort offer the personalised direct non-stop shuttle services, and road car transfers throughout South Africa and neighbouring countries to go straight to your destination of choice without any stop on the way or in between, includes meet and greet services, with wide variety of comfortable vehicles, ranging from standard sedan vehicles to luxury VIP sedan cars, minivans, limousines and luxury coaches, driven by well trained professional, friendly and highly competent top-rated chauffeurs.
Private Transfers Ezulwini Berg Resort provide best shuttle services nationwide and an extensive range of safe and reliable transport options to deliver a smooth and safe journey to any destination across South Africa, including cross-border trips, ranging from budget or standard transfers to the most luxurious high-end passenger ground transportation services, to cater for everyone, be it for the executives or business class personalised private chauffeured luxury car hire services. Private Transfers Ezulwini Berg Resort offer the private air charters to arrive safely and punctually at your destination and to avoid traffic jams and long trips, with wide-range of flight charters to choose from, varying from private jet, helicopter charters and private fixed-wing aircraft charters to fly in and fly out, tailored to the customer's individual transportation needs and preferences.
Enquire now, we will get back to you right away.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
A Day to Remember from Florida formed in 2003 and are being described as a metalcore/pop-punk/rock band. The bands current line-up include Jeremy McKinnon, Neil Westfall, Josh Woodard, Alex Shelnutt and Kevin Skaff. The band is set to release their new album "Common Courtesy" October the 8th.
An album which have seen a lot of delays. Common Courtesy was announced by the band with a countdown included. Once the countdown hit zero, first single "Violence (Enough Is Enough)" was released. This was back in December and since there's been a lot of speculation when the album actually will be released. On March 18th, Jeremy McKinnon, announced on Twitter that "Common Courtesy is officially tracked! Now, onward to mixing.". Still no official track list.
The band announced Friday night at a show in Michigan that the judge ruled that they could release their album October 8, without Victory. Here is the live video of that announcement.


text: Category: Guilford NY No Posts Found. Please Try Your Request Again. Sorry, no results were found . Search for: About our blog +1 us on Google Plus! Categories About Us Neighborhoods Partners Testimonials Thanksgiving Uncategorized Recent Posts Unforgettable Breckenridge Hotels Breckenridge Weather Uncovered A Guide to Frisco Property Taxes How High is Breckenridge Colorado? Frisco Colorado Crime Rate: Your Ultimate Guide Archives June 2023 May 2023 April 2023 March 2023 June 2022 April 2022 March 2022 April 2020 February 2020 December 2019 November 2019 October 2019 August 2019 July 2019


text:
About Us
BizView - Planning and reporting the way you want it. Faster. BizView is a software solution for forecasting, budgeting, reporting, analysis and consolidation. The software has a Web-based Excel-like user interface, combined with powerful workflow management. BizView is an open solution that fits well with QlikView and Microsoft's solutions. BizView is developed by Bizview Systems, with offices in Scandinavia. BizView is marketed by a professional, global partner network. Today there are over 1,000 companies with implemented solutions from Bizview Systems. For more information see www.bizviewsystems.com


text:
Any homeowner that has ever had to replace a floor has felt that familiar feeling: Where do I begin? From weighing hard surface versus soft surface options to selecting among all the styles, colors and textures, the entire process can feel a little overwhelming. But when you break it all down, the task becomes a lot more manageable and can even be fun!
One great way to get the flooring answers you seek is to ask yourself some thoughtful questions about what floors will work within the greater scheme of your home. Using the 6 questions below, list your responses as accurately as possible. By the time you have answered each, it will be much easier to decide on a flooring option that you will love and that will serve your home the way you need it to.
1. What room is your new flooring going in?
Depending on your home life, some flooring options are better fits for specific rooms. Not all carpets are a good fit for high-traffic areas, but all residential carpets are a great fit for bedrooms. If you want new carpet in the room you are planning for but have kids or pets, you will want carpet with high stain resistance and durability. Tile is a great fit for rooms like kitchens and bathrooms that will see moisture and need water-resistant or waterproof flooring. Wood is a better choice than carpet for rooms that need to accommodate a wheelchair, walker or cane. The room and its use will be the first question you need to answer.
2. Are allergies a major concern in your home?
While allergens are everywhere, some flooring choices are better than others at helping diminish their presence. Did you know that carpet can actually improve symptoms of asthma and allergies? That's because carpet acts as a passive air filter, trapping dust, pollen and other particles, removing them from the breathing zone. All you need to do is remember to vacuum those allergens out of your carpet on a regular basis to improve your home's air quality. Your flooring can fight for you in the battle against allergies!
Style & Design
3. How will the new floor impact your current home design?
If you're worried that your new floor could affect color schemes and decor options down the line, there are strategic color choices you can make that will ease your concern. Right off the bat, always remember that neutral colors will match the widest range of decor. You can always add or remove bold style elements like bright area rugs or quirky, fun furniture pieces to change the feel of a room. If a room feels cramped to you, a lighter colored floor can make the same space seem larger and open. Similarly, a darker colored floor can pull a room together, and make it feel cozy.
4. How does the new floor coordinate with the rest of the flooring in your home?
Don't shy away from a new surface just because the rest of your home has a uniform type of flooring. Your new floor can complement the overall layout even if it has a different texture or is a new category altogether. Work with one of our team members to create a blended feel that transitions well throughout the home. Don't be afraid to explore different patterns and choices that you may never have considered.
5. Is the new floor easy to maintain and care for?
Every new floor you purchase is an investment, and like most things, proper upkeep will ensure that you get the most out of your investment for as long as possible. Solid hardwood floors might need to be refinished over time. Carpet needs to be professionally cleaned at least once a year. If you have an active home and find yourself pressed for time, it might be better to choose a surface that cleans quickly like laminate or LVT.
6. Are there any additional costs that your new floor may create?
Our team will work with you to identify any additional costs of your project. Some flooring products can be installed over irregular subfloors, but other types like rigid hardwood planks will require a precisely flat surface. Will the trim and thresholds need to be replaced once the new floor is finally installed? Small costs can make a difference if your budget is already tight, but we will work with you to create the perfect plan for your home and budget.
The best approach to picking out new flooring? Have fun. Enjoy trying out different looks to see how they can alter and inspire your entire home. These questions are a great starting point to help you choose flooring that balances your needs, wants and budget requirements. Need more advice? Give us a call!


text:
Have Questions?Ask An Expert
Nina Von C 70 461 111 Short Sleeved Undershirt
Size Guide Coming Soon!
MySelf Lingerie stands behind every product we sell in terms of quality and fit. We recommend reading the care label of every garment purchased to ensure it's being washed properly. We allow returns for a full refund within 14 days of purchase.
The following items are NOT eligible for return:
- Single panties (not packaged)
- Any swim item - that includes bathing suits, swim dresses, swim tops, swim skirts, swim leggings, swim shorts, swim coverups, swim terries and any other product listed under our swim collections.
- Chenilles, Knit Snoods, Pre-Tieds or any Headwear Item
- Nipple Shields
- Jewelry
- Perfumes, Colognes & Lotions
- Custom ordered or altered items
- Sale items
- Any item that has been worn, washed, or tags removed
Items wished to be returned must be in brand new condition with tags attached. Please email us at email@example.com BEFORE returning an item to receive an RA #. Include your original order # and items wished to be returned. Return shipping is on customer. We don't offer exchanges. A new order needs to be placed for items needed in different sizes.


text:
Made in USA by S&W Performance Group with the Highest Quality Craftsmanship. S&W Performance Group Recommends EWS (Electric Welded Seam) Mild Steel Tubing for Drag Racing.
NHRA & IHRA APPROVED 8.50 seconds 1/4 mile e.t. and slower
S&W Performance Group roll bars & roll cages perform both a safety and performance function.
As a safety device, the main hoop of the cage protects the driver from impact. The rear braces and side bars tie the main hoop and chassis together to strengthen the car.
From a performance standpoint, the cage will improve your car's traction. Performance will also be greatly enhanced reducing chassis flex and increase the useful life of your car.
8-Point to 10-Point Roll Cage Conversion Kit
1-5/8″ Diameter x .134 Wall Thickness
EWS (Electric Welded Seam) Mild Steel Tubing
- Halo (Roof) Hoop
- Windshield Bars
- Dash Bar
- 6″ x 6″ 1/8″ plates
Roof hoop, windshield bars and dash bar are not notched to allow the installer to make adjustments.
Photos are for clarification purpose only.
For electronic welded seam (EWS) mild steel roll bar or roll cage we recommend MIG welding.
It is the installers responsibility to assure that the bar or cage is installed to meet the race organizations rules as to fit or placement of components and the welding process.
For Make | BMW |
For Model | 325i |
For Year | 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991 |
You may also like
Recently viewed
S&W Performance Group
Did you find what you are looking for? If you have any questions get in touch.


text:
14437 Meridian Parkway
Riverside, CA 92508
Riverside area cosmetic dentist Orest Frangopol, D.D.S. has extensive experience creating beautiful smiles. They're one of the first things people notice about you.
Our professional team will be happy to discuss your aesthetic dentistry options. The attractive results you'll get from The Institute Of Dentistry can change your life!
If you need immediate dentures in the Riverside area, Dr. Orest Frangopol provides them for your convenience. Our dedicated team of skilled professionals at The Institute Of Dentistry will be glad to talk with you about your needs.
It's frustrating to feel like hiding your smile, or have to avoid favorite foods because you can't chew. We offer same-day service so you can get back in the swing of things as soon as possible.
If you're looking for attractive porcelain veneers, Riverside area veneers dentist Dr. Frangopol can help. Our friendly team will evaluate your situation to make sure you're a good candidate for dental veneers.
Then we'll develop your individual plan for the process. Your cracked, chipped or discolored teeth will be transformed to look completely natural so you can enjoy your bright new smile.
If you're looking for denture repair in the Riverside area, our team at The Institute Of Dentistry offers friendly service. Dr. Frangopol understands the importance of reliable dentures that fit properly.
We'll get your repairs done professionally and quickly. You'll be able to eat and smile again with confidence as soon as possible.
Orest Frangopol, D.D.S. is proud to be a popular Riverside area Lumineers® dentist. If you have sensitive teeth and want pain-free dental veneers, we can help.
Our highly trained team has extensive experience with this quick and easy procedure. We'll help you transform from feeling self-conscious to feeling confident about your bright new smile.
Pogue, Maynard D.D.S.
1820 Fullerton Ave # 225
Corona, CA, 92881-3175
All Smiles
1185 Magnolia Ave # K
Corona, CA, 92879-3218
Mixon, Lynda D.D.S.
16756 Chino Corona Rd
Corona, CA, 92880-9507
Orchard Dental Group
2150 California Ave # 107
Corona, CA, 92881-7271


text:
Size 7 Silver Natural Fancy Moss Agate Crystal Statement Ring / Foxlark Collection - One of a Kind
Size 7 Silver Natural Fancy Moss Agate Crystal Statement Ring / Foxlark Collection - One of a Kind
Shipping & Return Policy
Shipping & Return Policy
All orders are currently shipped within 3-5 business days. Priority mail shipping upgrade is available at checkout.
All jewelry is shipped from our studio in downtown Savannah GA.
Delivery time- North America: Standard delivery is usually 3-6 business days from time of order
International: 1-3 weeks.
You can upgrade to priority shipping at checkout for faster shipping times. I do my best to meet these shipping estimates, but cannot guarantee them. Actual delivery time will depend on the shipping method you choose.
•Returns & exchanges-
I gladly accept returns, exchanges, and cancellations
Just contact me within: 3 days of delivery
Ship items back to me within: 7 days of delivery
Request a cancellation within: 2 hours of purchase
Foxlark is a small business of 1 person (me) and a helper so please be patient.
Rustic, Bohemian & Gothic Statement pieces for those who would rather stand out than fit in....
Each jewelry piece is unique.
Sustainable-ethical- jewelry...
Hi I'm Tara the artist and owner here at Foxlark. I started Foxlark in 2015 in a corner of my bedroom in NYC with my other half Matthew.
and then started turning them into beautiful bits of unique jewelry for myself and others.
I hand pick the crystal as I tend to feel more drawn to some than to others.
The pieces I pick tend not to be perfect but rather interesting and unique.
The rustic, earthy look I get from using these interesting yet imperfect stones is the thing I love most about my pieces.
No two will ever be exactly the same.
I hope you enjoy them as much as I do.
FoxLark Alchemy
Jewelry for the strange and unique.
Sustainable, ethical jewelry...
• I make, design or hand pick each item myself.
I also photograph, list, package and ship each and every item from our studio in Savannah GA.
I truly want everyone to love these little magics I create.
I always try to represent each item accurately and package each piece securely. •PLEASE contact me before leaving any negative feedback so I can resolve any issues for you. .
•Processing time-
All items are shipped within 3-5 business days. You can upgrade shipping at checkout for priority mail. All items are shipped from our studio (with tracking) in Savannah GA.
Get in touch with our contact page or you can always contact us on our FOXLARK Instagram www.instagram.com/foxlark or Facebook pages www.Facebook.com/foxlark , or through email firstname.lastname@example.com Natural Fancy Moss Agate Crystal Statement Ring
-A beautiful piece of Fancy Moss Agate Set in fine silver and given a vintage patina.
Ring size 7
Ring Length 1.55"
-Each piece is made by me in my home studio.
All items come ready for gift giving in a recycled kraft paper jewelry box.
-Our silver jewelry is created by first forming a thick layer of copper to create an organic look and texture and then it is dipped in a thick layer of fine silver to create the perfect jewelry pieces with our unique organic look.
-Every piece is completely one of a kind.
It takes on its own unique shape as the metal forms itself around the stone.
Natural Crystal Info-
- The crystals I use are natural stones and can have scratches chips or inclusions in the stones. I try to show these in the photos but feel free to ask if you would like any additional photos
- Please remember that the crystals are tiny pieces of the earth and should be worn with care .
-All FOXLARK jewelry is nickel-free
for handcrafted crystal statement jewelry, large display crystals & silver jewelry.
Materials: Stone, Crystal, Electroformed, Handmade, Fine Silver.
Low stock: 1 left


text:
How do I come up with new material to rap about?
Freestyle is a style of improvisation with or without instrumental beats, where lyrics are recited without a particular subject, structure. The lyrics are created on the spot, with no prior memorization. It's comparable to other improvisational music, such as jazz where a lead instrumentalist functions as an improviser with a supportive band providing a beat. Improv/freestyles are improvised in this way.
In the publication How to Rap, Big Daddy Kane and Myka 9 note that initially a freestyle was a spit on no specific topic — Big Daddy Kane said,"from the'80s when we mentioned we wrote a freestyle rap, that meant it was a rhyme that you wrote that was free of fashion… it is basically a rhyme just bragging about yourself." Myka 9 adds,"back in the day freestyle was piling [ing] a rhyme about any random thing, and it was a written rhyme or something memorized". Divine Styler says:"in the school I come from, freestyling was a non-conceptual composed rhyme… and now they call freestyling off the top of the head, so the age I come from it is a lot different". Kool Moe Dee also refers to the earlier definition in his book.
Every time I rap in the shower I'm really good, but when it comes to writing, my mind is blank. How do I improve my writing skills?
In old school hip-hop, Kool Moe Dee claimed that improvisational rapping was instead called"coming off the top of the head" and Big Daddy Kane stated,"off-the-top-of-the-head [rapping], we just called that'off the dome' — when you don't write it and [you] say whatever comes to mind".
Referring to this earlier definition (a written rhyme on non-specific subject matter) Big Daddy Kane stated,"that is really what a freestyle is" and Kool Moe Dee refers to it as"true" freestyle, and"the true old-school freestyle". Kool Moe Dee indicates that Kool G Rap's track'Men At Work' is an"excellent example" of true freestyle, together with Rakim's"Lyrics of Fury".
Many rappers learn to rap through improvised freestyling, and by making freestyling into a conversation or a rhyming game that they play frequently as a way to practice, as explained in the publication How to Rap. Reasons for freestyling include amusement, as a therapeutic activity, to discover unique methods of rapping, promoting oneself, increasing versatility, or as a spiritual activity. Improvised freestyling can also be utilized in live performances, to do things such as giving something extra to the audience and to cover up mistakes. So as to prove that a freestyle is being made up on the spot (rather than something pre-written or memorized), rappers will often refer to objects and places in their immediate setting, or will take suggestions on what to rhyme about.
Every time I rap in the shower I'm really good, but when it comes to writing, my mind is blank. How do I improve my writing skills?
Freestyles are performed a cappella, over beatboxing (as seen in Freestyle), or over instrumental versions of songs. Freestyling is often done in a group setting called a"cypher" (or"cipher") or as part of a"freestyle battle".Due into the improvised nature of freestyle, meter and rhythm are usually more relaxed than in conventional rapping. Many artists base their freestyle in their current situation or mental state, but have a ready supply of ready lyrics and rhyme patterns that they can use as filler. Freestyling can also be used as a songwriting way of albums or mixtapes.
Every time I rap in the shower I'm really good, but when it comes to writing, my mind is blank. How do I improve my writing skills?
A freestyle battle is a contest in which two or more rappers compete or"battle" each other using improvised lyrics. In a freestyle battle, every competitor's goal is to"diss" their opponent through smart lyrics and wordplay, with heavy emphasis being placed upon the rapper's improvisational ability. Many conflicts also include metaphorically violent vision, complementing the"battling" atmosphere. It's considered dishonorable or shameful to recite pre-written or memorized raps during a freestyle battle, because it reveals the rapper to be incapable of"spitting" spur-of-the-moment lyrics. A live audience is critical, as a large part of"winning" a battle is how an audience responds to each rapper. Appointed judges may be used in formal contests, but typically the rapper who receives the largest audience response is seen as the victor.
Are there benefits to freestyle rapping?
In modern times, with the growth of leagues like King of the Dot and Ultimate Rap League, most conflicts are written with some freestyling incorporated into the verses. This allows for more intricate rhymes and insults.
Battles can take place anywhere: informally on street corners, on stage at a concert, in a college, or at event specifically meant for combating (such as Scribble Jam or the Blaze Battle).
Every time I rap in the shower I'm really good, but when it comes to writing, my mind is blank. How do I improve my writing skills?
A cypher or cipher is a casual gathering of rappers, beatboxers, and/or breakdancers in a circle, in order to jam musically together. The term has also lately come to mean the crowd which forms around freestyle battles, consisting of spectators and onlookers. This group serves partly to promote competition and partly to boost the communal aspect of rap battles. The cipher is known for"making or breaking reputations in the hip hop community; if you can step into the cipher and tell your story, demonstrating your uniqueness, you might be accepted". ] These groups also serve as a means for messages about hip hop styles and knowledge to be spread, through word-of-mouth and encouraging trends in different battles.


text:
Want to read the full report?
This report is not available for purchase at this time.
Forrester helps business and technology leaders use customer obsession to accelerate
growth. That means empowering you to put the customer at the center of everything you
do: your leadership strategy, and operations. Becoming a customer-obsessed
organization requires change — it requires being bold. We give business and technology
leaders the confidence to put bold into action, shaping and guiding how to navigate
today's unprecedented change in order to succeed.


text:
Adam & Eve
Adam & Eve
1. What type of products does ADAM & EVE offer?
Answer: ADAM & EVE offers a wide range of services to the varied needs of our customers.
2. Are there any special discounts or sales currently available at ADAM & EVE?
Answer: ADAM & EVE frequently have special promotions and sales. Visit our store or follow us on social media for the latest updates on discounts and offers.
3. Can I place an order over the phone or online?
Answer: ADAM & EVE [If applicable] Yes, customers can place orders over the phone or through our online platform. Please contact us for more details on how to order.
4. What are the store's operating hours?
Answer: Please contact for opening and closing time.
5. Does ADAM & EVE offer home delivery services?
Answer: [If applicable] Yes, we provide home delivery services within a certain radius. Please contact us for more information on delivery options and charges.
6 . How can I return or exchange a product purchased from ADAM & EVE?
Answer: Our return and exchange policy is [briefly describe the policy]. For more detailed information, please visit our store or contact our customer service team.
7. Can I purchase gifts for others from ADAM & EVE?
Answer: [If applicable] Yes, we offer gift cards in various denominations. They can be purchased directly from ADAM & EVE.
8 .How can I get updates on new arrivals and upcoming events at ADAM & EVE?
Answer: Stay updated by following us on social media or signing up for our newsletter. We regularly post about new arrivals, exclusive events, and more.
9. Can I get assistance in selecting the right product for my needs?
Answer: Absolutely. Our experienced staff are on hand to provide personalized assistance and recommendations based on your specific requirements and preferences.
10 . What are the payment options available at ADAM & EVE?
Answer: We accept various payment methods, including cash, credit/debit cards (if available), UPI (if available).


text:
Chiropractors will always seek to treat shoulder pain with the most gentle and drug-free methods possible. The ultimate goal of chiropractic care for shoulder pain is to bring the patient's shoulder back to full function while reducing and eliminating the pain caused by the injury. Shoulder pain can
Read more-
Shoulder Pain
Category: Common Conditions Treated, Back and Shoulder Pain
Back Pain-Upper/Neck
Category: Common Conditions Treated, Back and Shoulder Pain
Most neck and upper back pain is caused by a combination of factors, including injury, poor posture, chiropractic subluxations, stress, and in some instances, disc problems. Most people do not realize how much they move their neck during the day until they are unable to do so. The degree of flexibility
Read more -
Back Pain-Lower
Category: Common Conditions Treated, Back and Shoulder Pain
The low back can withstand tremendous forces without injury. However, if the low back is out of adjustment or has weakened supporting muscles, something as simple as taking a bag of groceries can cause a low back injury. Eighty percent of people suffer from back pain at some point in their lives. Back
Read more


text:
Self Assessment with Online PeopleCert Service-Desk Practice Questions?
ITIL 4 Practitioner Service Desk (ITIL-4-SD) Self-assessment is one of the key features that will help candidates to pass the PeopleCert Service-Desk exam with much more ease and confidence. CertsTeacher provides two types of practice tests like web-based practice tests and pdf files. All these formats are designed to increase the understanding of candidates. PeopleCert Service-Desk practice tests are best for Service-Desk questions self-evaluation as they will help you to improve mistakes and achieve satisfactory results in ITIL 4 Practitioner. It also provides the best feature of customization in which you can adjust the time and number of questions according to your level of ITIL 4 Practitioner Service Desk (ITIL-4-SD) preparation. PeopleCert Service-Desk dumps are 100% verified by experts.- 100% Exam Passing Ratio
- 100% Money Back Guarantee
- 100% Success Guarantee on Service-Desk
- Free PDF File Included
- Answers Verified by Experts
- Online Version Regularly Updated
PeopleCert Service-Desk Exam Dumps Ensures Success at the First Attempt
PeopleCert Service-Desk exam dumps consist of valid and reliable information that is sufficient to achieve ITIL 4 Practitioner on the initial try. Many fake versions are available in the market, but it does not guarantee success with real Service-Desk dumps. CertsTeacher is one of the best platforms that provide reliable ITIL 4 Practitioner Service Desk (ITIL-4-SD) with a 100% success guarantee. PeopleCert Service-Desk dumps are designed according to the requirements of candidates. It is recommended to prepare through ITIL 4 Practitioner Service-Desk practice questions.
Refund policy For PeopleCert Service-Desk Exam Dumps
CertsTeacher provides a 100% refund policy on PeopleCert Service-Desk exam dumps. Exam content for Service-Desk exam questions is valid and reliable. It ensures guaranteed success on the first attempt. In any case, if you are not able to pass the ITIL 4 Practitioner Service-Desk exam then all of the money will be refunded. So there is no need to worry about money loss as CertsTeacher works under a secure process. CertsTeacher has also established a support team. If you find any problem during ITIL 4 Practitioner Service Desk (ITIL-4-SD) preparation, you can freely contact our support team, which will provide you with complete guidance regarding exam preparation with new Service-Desk dumps. It's the right time to make the right decision by preparing through PeopleCert Service-Desk practice questions to achieve ITIL 4 Practitioner exam certification in the first attempt.


text:
by: danielmorrisdraws
MHA Villain Eyes - Prints
Product description
Product description
Care information
Care information
We recommend washing all apparel products "inside-out" and on the "cold" water setting. Air drying is best, at least the first time.
Shipping & Returns
Shipping & Returns
When will my order ship?
Almost all apparel orders ship within 2-3 business days out of our manufacturing facility. Wall Art and other accessories will typically ship in 5-8 business days. This can be longer if there is a delay with our vendors, or if your order fails our quality inspection and must be remade. Once your order ships, actual delivery time may vary as we have no control over the package once it leaves our facility. We will send an email with the tracking number when we ship your order.
Our full shipping guidelines can be found here
What is your return/exchange policy?
100% satisfaction guaranteed. We will only accept returns for our products in new, unwashed and unworn condition within 30 days of receiving the product. We will issue you a full refund or free exchange once received and processed, typically within 2-4 business days. Please contact us either through our contact form, at firstname.lastname@example.com or calling us at (844) 445-6805 if you need to return/exchange your product. We do not pay return shipping on returned products.
Please note that if we messed up (sent you the wrong size, color, misprint, etc) then you do not need to return the item. Just email us a few photo's to confirm the issue and we will gladly reship you the correct product.
Please send your return to:
30771 Milford Rd.
New Hudson, MI 48165
**Be sure to put a note inside explaining your request**
**You must return your product to this address. If you return to the return address on your package then you will not be issued a refund**
This original design cannot be found in stores. Online Only.
Shop Today's Daily Deals
Each day we feature 3 new designs that will be sent to our graveyard after 24 hours. If you see something you like, grab it while you can!


text:
I hope you all had a fantastic holiday weekend. We kept it low key having dinner with a good friend on Christmas Eve and with family on Sunday. Yesterday was spent with friends again over a light lunch and a relaxing afternoon.
Thank you everyone for the sweet and kind words of condolences about my grandfather's passing. It made this weekend a little easier to navigate. Oh there were tears, trust me…but they were immediately followed with a feeling of peace. My heart was full of all the goodness one can give and receive in a lifetime. Thank you again for your patience and care.
Let me play Santa a little bit longer and announce the winners of the Christmas giveaway. I asked my dear and only to give me three numbers at random among all the valid entries. Yes, he's my random number generator.
The two winners of Plate To Pixel are Jenny Mendes and Adrienne from A Big Mouthful.
The winner of Girl Hunter is Wen from Journal Through Lens. Congrats! Please send me your snail mail addresses at mytartelette AT gmail DOT com.
Now on to the recipes…
Every year at Christmas, smoked salmon has to be part of the appetizer offerings at my parents'. It's tradition. Salmon, blinis and foie gras with brioche toasts. Since we started last week without any firm plans for Christmas Eve, I was making my own plans to prepare a nice dinner for two and relax on the back deck watching all the docks decorated with Christmas lights. A sight to be seen…for sure.
On the menu was a Salmon Bisque, followed by crab cakes and finished off with a Pistachio and Pear Gratin. As the soup was simmering, my inbox started buzzing and within minutes our plans had changed for the 24th. Not a problem. From the scents wafting through the kitchen, we would not be disappointed to have it for lunch the next day. The soup was a cinch to put together, light and tasty. Everything one can ask for during busy times and especially in between a few copious meals.
The gratin was a unexpected hit with Bill and one I will repeat soon and with other fruits too. I had a surplus of tiny cute Forelle pears from a couple of projects and was trying to find other ways than tarts and tartlets to use them. Nothing wrong with those…trust me. I am the first one to slow down for a slice of pear tart!
This dessert is the perfect results of many kitchen happenings all coming together at once. Too many pears, red currants finally being available now that the temperatures had dropped, a pound cake made on a whim one night I could not find sleep and there you have it. A light, fragrant, cozy and comforting vanilla custard blanketing thin slices of cake with tart little pops of red currants every other bites.
From the look of immense delight at the dinner table the other day, I can safely say these two recipes were a huge hit. Making another batch of soup today!
Salmon Bisque, adapted from Saveurs France:
Serves 4 to 6
Notes: do not worry about how fine a dice, cube or chop, the ingredients are since they are all going to be pureed. Croutons are somewhat of a tradition in my family with soups and I simply toss some cubed day-old bread with a little bit of olive oil, salt and pepper and toast that over the stove. Crème fraiche is a perfect topping for the soup but sour cream is a fine substitute.
Salmon can be expensive, so I usually ask my fish guy at the store to give me the good scraps they cut off when filleting whole fish. They are most happy to find a taker and usually give me half price on those.
1 tablespoon olive oil
2 leeks, white parts only, well cleaned and sliced
2 garlic cloves, minced
2 carrots, sliced
2 small red potatoes, peeled and diced
½ cup dry white wine
3 cups vegetable stock
1 pound skinless salmon fillets, cubed
salt and pepper to taste
croutons, crème fraiche and chives to garnish
In a large stock pot, heat the oil over medium. Add the leeks, garlic, carrots and potatoes and sautee for about 10 minutes, stirring occasionally. Add the white wine, stock and salmon. Season with a little salt and pepper. Bring to a boil then immediately reduce the heat to a simmer and cook for about 30 to 40 minutes. Remove from the heat, let cool and puree until smooth (see notes). Check the seasoning and serve. Top each bowl with some croutons, crème fraiche and chives if desired.
Earlier this year, the nice folks at Blendtec gifted me with one of their mixers and this is what I now use all the time to puree and blend soups. Takes less than a minute for super smooth bisques and soups. A immersion blender or any good capacity and sharp bladed food processor will also do great here.
Pistachio and Pear Gratins, adapted from Saveurs France.
Serves 6
Notes: I love my friend Jeanne's recipe for pound cake. I had the pleasure this summer to work with my friend Clare on Jeanne's gluten free baking cookbook and had to make about 75% of the recipes for photography. I got to tell you, Jeanne is about the only person I now trust for gluten free baking anything. Everything is always tasty, correct and of great texture. The recipe she came up with years ago for her gluten free all purpose flour blend is super easy and substitute cup for cup with regular all purpose flour so feel free to go gluten free or not without fear.
Once the pound cake is made and cooled (feel free to prepare it a day in advance), the assembly comes together in no time.
6 small Forelle pears (or 2-3 medium pears)
12 thin slices of Jeanne's pound cake (minus the glaze)
1 cup whole milk
1 teaspoon vanilla extract
3 eggs
½ cup sugar
½ cup red currants or other berries
2 tablespoons finely ground pistachios
Butter a 9×13 gratin dish or individual ones and preheat the oven to 350F. Position a rack in the center.
Peel, core and thinly slice the pears. Set aside (don't worry about oxidization too much since the dessert assembly is fast but you can always sprinkle them with a bit of lemon juice if you wish).
Cut the pound cake slices in triangles. Set aside.
In a large bowl, whisk together the milk, vanilla, eggs and sugar until smooth.
Layer the pear and pound cake slices in your gratin dish(es). Slowly pour the custard batter on top. Bake for about 30 minutes or until golden brown. Serve warm with some red currants and ground pistachios scattered over the top.


text:
Meanwhile, the EUCD has been implemented in all EU member countries. These pages are kept for archiving purposes.
EUCD - Copyright extensions that harm
In December 1996 in Geneve the WIPO Copyright Treaty was signed by most, if not all, developed countries. By signing this treaty these countries compromised themselves to give away the right to use a copyrighted work in favour of protection of electronic protections, independently of their effectiveness.
Today we are starting to see the effects of this kind of legislation. The U.S. Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) and the European Union Copyright Directive (EUCD) pass the WIPO treaty into effective law. This page is about the effects of this kind of legislation and related resources.
The risks of this kind of legislation are:
- Monopolies on file formats - This is the issue that is worrying libraries. The ability to effectively control a file format means that each e-book format will have its own reader and it will only be readable by that company's reader. Maintaining access to all the different kinds of readers throughout decades needs the kind of personnel and technological ability that libraries can't afford right now, not to mention the cost of e-book readers that they'll need to have to give access to the library's users.
- Interoperability - If you can't use and share tools to analyze protocols, because they can be used to circumvent ineffective technological measures, then it's not possible to put two systems working together unless both vendors publish information on the protocols they use. Knowing the trend of proprietary software vendors to trap a client in its systems, this is not a realistic scenario.
- Insecurity - In the last years the full disclosure movement has made considerable improvements on the whole security of computer systems. This was done by forcing vendors to correct the vulnerabilities through the publishing of vulnerabilities even if they weren't corrected in a limited timeframe. To avoid an image problem most vendors started correcting in days what used to take months or even years to do. With this legislation a vulnerability that allows the circumvention of rights-management information cannot be even communicated. This means that full disclosure is not an option, and that we all lose its advantages.
- Freedom of Speech - By allowing copyright owners to define terms of use and protecting all measures taken by those owners to enforce those terms of use can limit rights as basic as freedom of speech. The most recent example is Microsoft Frontpage 2002's latest End-User License Agreement (EULA) that prohibits the usage of the software to create sites that criticise Microsoft or any of its subsidiaries.
The pieces of legislation that follow the letter of the WIPO Copyright Treaty are:
- Digital Millennium Copyrigth Act (USA)
- European Union Copyright Directive (EU)
- Copyright Amendment (Digital Agenda) Act 2000 (AU)
Legislation Analysis
This legislation as already been analyzed by law professors, experts and others. Following is a sample of those analysis:
Organisations against Copyright Extensions
Some organisations have understood the impact of this kind of legislation and have made statements about it:
- Association for Computer Machinery
- Electronic Frontier Foundation
- EBLIDA Comments on Copyright Directive - European Bureau of Library, Information and Documentation Associations, The European Consumers' Association, European Association of Consumer Electronics Manufacturers, European Blind Union, European Disability Forum, International League of Societies for Persons with Mental Handicap - European Association


text:
It's the last day of the weekend so make sure you don't waste it.
There's so much to see and do across our great wee city and beyond today.
Here at Belfast Live we have selected our five favourite things taking place today and we think there's something to suit everyone in there.
From theatre and the arts, to music and exhibitions, there's lots to keep everyone happy - in Belfast and beyond the city itself.
So have a look at our picture gallery to see if there is something which tickles your fancy for today. Hopefully something on the list will put a smile on your face this Sunday.
If you are organising an event in Belfast, or a little further afield, and would like it to feature in Belfast Live's '5 things to do' section in the future then email email@example.com.


text:
The Black Phone Cosplay Mask | The Grabber Evil Killer Scary Horror Halloween Costume Prop
Material: Eco-Latex
Size: One Size (fits most people)
Occasion: Party, cosplay, decoration, festival, halloween, christmas, haunted house etc
Package Contents: 1x Mask
Product Disclaimer
The item in this listing is handcrafted one at a time. It is therefore very rare to create a handmade item identical to the item shown in the listing's photos. Every piece is a creation of our artisans and based on craft styles shown from the source material. There may be natural blemishes/variations that are not product flaws. Such variations are inherent in the manufacturing of handmade products, so you may find some distinctions with the item(s) you receive.
Processing / Handling Times
The standard order processing times usually vary between 1- 7 business days unless further time is needed during busy periods or for other reasons which may be stated on our store. Processing for ready made products include checking, packing, and sending your orders to the postal office. Following these procedures, the tracking number will be provided to you (if applicable) via email or/and text message.
If you place your order after hours on a Friday or over the weekend (Saturday or Sunday), your order will be shipped the following week. Any orders placed on public holidays will not be processed until the following business day.
Estimated Standard Shipping Times:
US and Canada: 12 - 30 business days
Australia and New Zealand: 14 - 35 business days
Europe: 12 - 35 business days
Latin America: 14 - 35 business days
Other countries: 14 - 40 business days
Busy Seasons: 20 - 45 business days
Some distant areas can take a bit longer, but we'll get it to you!
Note: The given delivery dates are estimates calculated from the date an order is out for shipment, keeping in mind the transit time.
Deliveries might take longer than expected because of incorrect shipping address, bad weather, stringent customs clearance procedures, or any other unavoidable circumstances.
Separate Shipments
When you order multiple items at a time, they may be shipped separately so they get to you faster. Due to warehouse locations and product availability, items may be shipped in separate shipments. You may receive one item before the next. We do this so that you can get your items as fast as possible. In this case, you will be provided with two or more tracking numbers.
Shipping From Locations
As we have our own workshops located in different parts of the world, we are also partnered with some of the best companies to bring a wider range of quality products to you. Therefore the item(s) in this listing is normally shipped from our main workshop located in China unless we have stock available left in our workshop located in the United States, Canada or Australia.
If you would like to confirm stock availability from our workshop locations, please email us first prior to placing an order. If you place an order with us without confirming the item location, please understand that you agree with our terms that your item(s) may be shipped from either of the above-mentioned workshop locations where stock is available.
Contact Us
Please feel free to contact us if you have any questions. Your questions will be answered within 24 hours.
We are not the creator of the idea or concept of these, this is an inspired fan made item and not an official product. All rights belong to their respected owners. They are to be considered parody fan art, and not an officially licensed product. We do not claim ownership over any brand names, images, graphics, or characters; We are simply a fan of these items and enjoy using our artistic abilities to create unofficial fan art for cosplayers, larpers, collectors, and fellow fanatics. Trademarks belong to their respective owners.
Inventory Last Updated: Jul 25, 2024


text:
Malaysia has declared a state of emergency in the country's south after choking smog from slash-and-burn agriculture in neighboring Indonesia enveloped the region.
Residents in Muar and Ledang districts of Johor state have been told to stay indoors. This comes after a similar order in Singapore last week.
Smog from Indonesia is a perennial problem in Malaysia and Singapore, but the pollution levels this year have hit record levels. The fires in Indonesia are set by palm oil producers clearing jungle for new planting.
Malaysian officials on Sunday said the Pollution Standards Index in Muar and Ledang had topped 700, more than twice the 300 level considered dangerous.
It's gotten to the point the smog has become a political and diplomatic issue, straining relations between Indonesia and its neighbors.
The BBC says:
"Schools in the region have been ordered to remain closed. Local authorities have distributed face masks to residents.
Even in Kuala Lumpur, where smog levels have so far remained moderate, visibility is now strongly reduced and the smell of thick smoke hangs in the air, correspondents say.
Kuala Lumpur resident Raj Ahmed told the BBC: 'You wake up in the morning and you can smell burnt wood - you look out the window and there is constant smog clouding the major landmarks that you would ordinarily see.
'If you go outside, it's like constantly standing close to a small barbecue.'"
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


text:
Storey Lake - Kissimmee is a brand new vacation community located just 4 miles from the magical world of Disney and just minutes to Universal, Sea World, and the many water parks in the area. Central Florida is also home to some of the nation's top-rated golf courses and many are within a 10-minute drive of Storey Lake. The prime location lends itself to the premier shopping corridor including the famed Millennia, top restaurants, and the world-renowned town of Celebration inspired by Disney. Storey Lake is also a 30-minute drive from the Orlando International Airport. The resort offers the best in family fun and is host to a wide variety of amenities and activities. This spacious 2 bedroom condo can comfortably accommodate up to 6 guests.
Home Features-
Bedroom Configuration:
Designed for families and built for fun, Storey Lake Resort offers it all! Situated on a scenic lake with a variety of water amenities and activities including a tropical resort pool with a lazy river, two waterslides, and a children's splash pad. Relax in the spa or sunbathe on the terrace and sand beach areas. Fishing, canoe & kayak rentals are available at the community dock. Enjoy a cold beverage or ice cream at the resort's poolside café. Don't forget to get in a game of mini-golf, volleyball or basketball. Escape the sun at the covered tiki bar or venture inside the resort's clubhouse, which includes a guest lounge area, fitness center, and business center.
Resort Amenities:
Beach Access
Florida's renowned coastal regions are a short drive from Central Florida. Within an hour and 15-minute drive, you can be sunbathing in the sunshine state's fabulous Atlantic Coast or enjoying the amazing waters of the Gulf Coast.
Please note:
Low Season has a 4 night(s) minimum
Mid Season has a 4 night(s) minimum
High Season has a 4 night(s) minimum
Holiday Season has a 4 night(s) minimum
Stays under 30 nights require
a $100.00 Cleaning fee.
If stay is 30 nights or
longer, the cleaning fee is waived.
Tax/Service fee is 13.50%


text:
[Skip to Content]
15 vs. 30-Year Mortgage
Determining which mortgage term is right for you can be a challenge. With a shorter 15-year mortgage, you will pay significantly less interest than a 30-year mortgage - but only if you can afford the higher monthly payment. Use this calculator for a comparison of a 15- vs. 30-year mortgage.


text:
Internet lotteries are would collect your email residence address. There is extreme amount gurus of will be not regulated by the government association the actual specified for such points. Not only that, but often times there aren't real lottery. You can know them if you receive a text saying the won a lottery which you didn't even enter from the first region.
Do a complete check before you buy it tickets around the net. Make sure you are purchasing from an honest Online lottery company. Ask for help kind if you are not sure how come to a decision or the best.
When you are a big win in the lottery, you will hear from friends you have not spoken to in ages. You will hear from cousins you never knew existed. Market hear from complete people! How did everyone find you swiftly?
Lottery games are reciprocated with different gaming techniques a number of field. Right here is the hottest fad that many countries are using. The most important factor that should be regarded as ensure winning is the procedure to pick the numbers getting the highest associated with winning. There are three important techniques that players have got to follow to allow them in order to increase their possibility of winning in any Online lottery ball game. Learning how to pick 먹튀검증 requires techniques a single has to find out. If you are able to perform this successfully, you will be lead to winning the big jackpot surely.
The numbers are displayed or flashed on websites daily specialists match them against your numbers. The winning numbers usually appear the following day during the evening current information.These Pick 5 games are very popular in many countries; even poker is played with five card. Like the Fantasy 5, following have named the lottery after the city's name like New york city 5, New jersey 5, etc. These pick 5 lotteries are played a couple of three times a week including the weekends.
Some scam artists pretend that intensive testing . in business of preventing credit repair scams or protect you identity theft when fact they are those who are doing the wrongdoing. They will send you some text and promise to help once you allow them certain information.
For people you they enjoy your paper ticket it takes a convenient way to match results twenty four hours a special day. There is more on the web than one person can comprehend. That includes your euromillions answers. If you were sitting on the couch just five minutes before the effects were going be announced live as well phone rings, which ends in you missing the results and your potential jackpot win, its okay. Go and aboard your computer and examine the results the world wide web. You can even check notice when the jackpot already been claimed.
There plenty of resource material of strategies that become used for winning the north Carolina Cash 5 lottery. Others include number group strategies, skipped strategies; repeat hit tips and many others. To find out more information these as well as techniques, chose the books and software supplies the secrets of a successful pick the actual world North Carolina Cash 5 lottery. In your situation to do is buy these online. I guarantee when possible not be disappointed.


text:
bug: with apache 2, apache_lookup_uri("/directory") spits out a warning and fails to return anything. apache_lookup_uri("/directory/") works.
another bug: virtual("something") forces a header flush. I know it's documented, but it would be rather wonderful if it didn't do this. You never ever want to flush headers when you're using virtual() to include a dynamic file such as a PHP or Perl file, which excludes virtual() from being used on most of any website's contents :-(.


text:
US US kmk P2011.11
The Lucille Byarlay Abel papers include diaries of Lucille's time as a student at Kansas State Agricultural College and Kansas State College from 1928 to 1937. She created the entries in the day books and collected comments and signatures in the autograph books from classmates, friends, and acquaintances. Additional materials include transcriptions of the diaries, Kansas maps, genealogy charts, photographs, newspaper clippings, legal documents, and a name index. Subjects include her courtship with Orval Abel, her teaching duties in Clay County, Kansas, rural social activities in the 1930s, and genealogy.
Abel, Lucille Byarlay


text:
Automated 3plcentral data replication to Google BigQuery
Precog is the easiest way to move data from 3plcentral to Google BigQuery
Precog allows anyone to load data from 3plcentral into Google BigQuery without custom code or engineering resources.
All of your data
Get access to all of your account data in one simple step. No coding required.
Sync every 15 min
Sync your data as frequently as every 15 minutes, schedule it or run it on an as-needed basis.
Dynamic schema
We can access all data supported by an API — and adapt to changes; we support custom fields, too.
Security & privacy
SOC2 Type II, GDPR, HIPAA compliant and adhere to Industry-standard privacy regulations.
No engineer req'd
We're cloud-native and pure SaaS — that means no custom code to manage.
From Our Customers