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If history is any judge, the U.S. government will be paying for the Iraq and Afghanistan wars for the next century as service members and their families grapple with the sacrifices of combat.
An Associated Press analysis of federal payment records found that the government is still making monthly payments to relatives of Civil War veterans — 148 years after the conflict ended.
At the 10 year anniversary of the start of the Iraq war, more than $40 billion a year are going to compensate veterans and survivors from the Spanish-American War from 1898, World War I and II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the two Iraq campaigns and the Afghanistan conflict. And those costs are rising rapidly.
U.S. Sen. Patty Murray said such expenses should remind the nation about war's long-lasting financial toll.
"When we decide to go to war, we have to consciously be also thinking about the cost," said Murray, D-Wash., adding that her WWII-veteran father's disability benefits helped feed their family.
Alan Simpson, a former Republican senator and veteran who co-chaired President Barack Obama's deficit committee in 2010, said government leaders working to limit the national debt should make sure that survivors of veterans need the money they are receiving.
"Without question, I would affluence-test all of those people," Simpson said.
With greater numbers of troops surviving combat injuries because of improvements in battlefield medicine and technology, the costs of disability payments are set to rise much higher.
The AP identified the disability and survivor benefits during an analysis of millions of federal payment records obtained under the Freedom of Information Act.
To gauge the post-war costs of each conflict, AP looked at four compensation programs that identify recipients by war: disabled veterans; survivors of those who died on active duty or from a service-related disability; low-income wartime vets over age 65 or disabled; and low-income survivors of wartime veterans or their disabled children.
—The Iraq wars and Afghanistan
So far, the wars in Iraq, Afghanistan and the first Persian Gulf conflict in the early 1990s are costing about $12 billion a year to compensate those who have left military service or family members of those who have died.
Those post-service compensation costs have totaled more than $50 billion since 2003, not including expenses of medical care and other benefits provided to veterans, and are poised to grow for many years to come.
The new veterans are filing for disabilities at historic rates, with about 45 percent of those from Iraq and Afghanistan seeking compensation for injuries. Many are seeking compensation for a variety of ailments at once.
Experts see a variety of factors driving that surge, including a bad economy that's led more jobless veterans to seek the financial benefits they've earned, troops who survive wounds of war and more awareness about head trauma and mental health.
—Vietnam War
It's been 40 years since the U.S. ended its involvement in the Vietnam War, and yet payments for the conflict are still rising.
Now above $22 billion annually, Vietnam compensation costs are roughly twice the size of the FBI's annual budget. And while many disabled Vietnam vets have been compensated for post-traumatic stress disorder, hearing loss or general wounds, other ailments are positioning the war to have large costs even after veterans die.
Based on an uncertain link to the defoliant Agent Orange that was used in Vietnam, federal officials approved diabetes a decade ago as an ailment that qualifies for cash compensation — and it is now the most compensated ailment for Vietnam vets.
The VA also recently included heart disease among the Vietnam medical issues that qualify, and the agency is seeing thousands of new claims for that issue. Simpson said he has a lot of concerns about the government agreeing to automatically compensate for those diseases.
"That has been terribly abused," Simpson said.
Since heart disease is common among older Americans and is the nation's leading cause of death, the future deaths of thousands of Vietnam veterans could be linked to their service and their benefits passed along to survivors.
A congressional analysis estimated the cost of fighting the war was $738 billion in 2011 dollars, and the post-war benefits for veterans and families have separately cost some $270 billion since 1970, according to AP calculations.
—World War I, World War II and the Korean War
World War I, which ended 94 years ago, continues to cost taxpayers about $20 million every year. World War II? $5 billion.
Compensation for WWII veterans and families didn't peak until 1991 — 46 years after the war ended — and annual costs since then have only declined by about 25 percent. Korean War costs appear to be leveling off at about $2.8 billion per year.
Of the 2,289 survivors drawing cash linked to WWI, about one-third are spouses and dozens of them are over 100 years in age.
Some of the other recipients are curious: Forty-seven of the spouses are under the age of 80, meaning they weren't born until years after the war ended. Many of those women were in their 20s and 30s when their aging spouses died in the 1960s and 1970s, and they've been drawing the monthly payments since.
—Civil War and Spanish-American War
There are 10 living recipients of benefits tied to the 1898 Spanish-American War at a total cost of about $50,000 per year. The Civil War payments are going to two children of veterans — one in North Carolina and one in Tennessee— each for $876 per year.
Surviving spouses can qualify for lifetime benefits when troops from current wars have a service-linked death. Children under the age of 18 can also qualify, and those benefits are extended for a lifetime if the person is permanently incapable of self-support due to a disability before the age of 18.
Citing privacy, officials did not disclose the names of the two children getting the Civil War benefits.
Their ages suggest the one in Tennessee was born around 1920 and the North Carolina survivor was born around 1930. A veteran who was young during the Civil War would likely have been roughly 70 or 80 years old when the two people were born.
That's not unheard of. At age 86, Juanita Tudor Lowrey is the daughter of a Civil War veteran. Her father, Hugh Tudor, fought in the Union army. After his first wife died, Tudor was 73 when he remarried her 33-year-old mother in 1920. Lowrey was born in 1926.
Lowrey, who lives in Kearney, Mo., suspects the marriage might have been one of convenience, with her father looking for a housekeeper and her mother looking for some security. He died a couple years after she was born, and Lowrey received pension benefits until she was 18.
Now, Lowrey said, she usually gets skepticism from people after she tells them she's a daughter of a Civil War veteran.
"We're few and far between," Lowrey said.
AP Writer Mike Baker can be reached on Facebook: https://on.fb.me/HiPpEV
Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved.
Copyright 2013 Capitol Hill Blue


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The Global Intelligence Files
On Monday February 27th, 2012, WikiLeaks began publishing The Global Intelligence Files, over five million e-mails from the Texas headquartered "global intelligence" company Stratfor. The e-mails date between July 2004 and late December 2011. They reveal the inner workings of a company that fronts as an intelligence publisher, but provides confidential intelligence services to large corporations, such as Bhopal's Dow Chemical Co., Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, Raytheon and government agencies, including the US Department of Homeland Security, the US Marines and the US Defence Intelligence Agency. The emails show Stratfor's web of informers, pay-off structure, payment laundering techniques and psychological methods.
[OS] BANGLADESH/GV- Road, river blockade begins in Rangamati
Released on 2013-09-17 00:00 GMT
Email-ID | 3373011 |
Date | 2011-05-23 07:37:13 |
From | firstname.lastname@example.com |
To | firstname.lastname@example.com |

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Have you tried listing your house without luck? It happens to people all the time. Learn why your house isn't selling in Asheville in our latest post!
There are many things that can cause a house to not sell on the MLS. Whether the house is old and ugly or new and shiny, dealing with any of the situations listed below can cause your house to not sell. What people should know is that not every house is going to do well on the MLS. Some won't photograph well, some will be faced with too much competition, and others won't be priced according to the current market conditions. Keep reading to learn more about things that may be causing your house to not sell in Asheville and what you can do about it.
Incorrectly Priced
In some cases, agents can lure you in by recommending a high listing price, only to leave you stuck with the house, and back at square one, months down the road. Often times you will find yourself having to lower the price just to get more people in the door. When people see you cutting the price, they may assume something is wrong with the house, forcing you to take the house off the market while you revaluate your strategy. If you decide to list your house with a Asheville real estate agent, do your homework to ensure that what you are asking coincides with what other houses are going for in the area.
Flooded Market
Are there a lot of houses similar to yours on the market? When there are lots of similar homes sitting on the market, it can be difficult to get attention. You may have to pay for additional marketing in order to have your property featured and shown in its best light. In some cases, you may want to make an improvement or add a new feature to the house to make it stand out. If you are not willing to invest the cash to improve your property, you may be waiting around for a buyer for longer than you'd like.
Needs Work
Not everyone is in the market for a fixer-upper. A house that needs work isn't going to get the same levels of attention as a turn-key property will. If you want to sell a property that needs repairs or upgrades, a direct sale will likely be the better way for you to sell. You'll be able to avoid the repair costs and you will be able to get your property in front of more people who will have an interest in it.
You Have Tenants
Trying to sell a Asheville house when you have tenants can feel nearly impossible. Unless your tenants had planned on moving anyhow, they may not be too thrilled with the prospect of having to pick up and move. As such, requesting the house be kept clean and that property viewings be accommodated, may prove difficult to do.
Bad Neighbors
Bad neighbors can be a huge hindrance when listing your house with a Asheville real estate agent. If someone wants to come to see your property, but they're greeted by a messy yard next door, loud music, or rude people, they are much less likely to consider your house as an option. Take a look at the properties around yours. If you were looking for a new home, what would your impression of the area be?
Stagnant Listing
When a house sits on the MLS for a while, it begins to lose its appeal. As it moves lower and lower down the list of homes for sale, fewer people are going to see it. Even people who have noticed it for a while will begin to lose interest after seeing it sitting there for so long. If your house has been sitting on the MLS for a long time, and your Asheville property listing is about to expire, you may want to consider working with a professional home buyer such as Asheville Cash Buyers who will be able to provide you with a fair selling solution right away.
There are many reasons why your house in Asheville isn't selling. The fact is, not every house is cut out for the MLS. Listing a house in Asheville comes with no guarantees, so once your property is up on the MLS, it may be there for a while. You may even have to lower the price in order to attract more buyers. Some properties don't photograph well, while others blend into the pack. No matter what is stopping your house from selling, we can offer a solution. With a direct sale to Asheville Cash Buyers, you can receive a fair price and a fast closing. You won't have to worry about any more repairs or deal with property showings. With us, the process is fast, fair, and straightforward!


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Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
(Best months for growing Tomato in New Zealand - cool/mountain regions)
There is nothing like the taste of a freshly picked tomato, warm from the sunshine. In the smallest of gardens or even an apartment with a window-box, it is worth growing at least one tomato plant for the pleasure it will give you. They will grow in pots, troughs or even hanging baskets.
Tomatoes should be grown in shelter or under cover in cool climates.
Tomatoes like lots of food! In a garden bed, compost and mulching will produce a crop from one or two plants. In containers, use some suitable long term fertiliser pellets or feed regularly when you water. Feeding improves the flavour of the fruit.
When you plant out, put the seedlings in a deep holes, up to the top set of leaves. The covered stems will put out extra roots and you will have a stronger, healthier plant.
There are many different varieties of tomatoes but they all have one of two growth habits.
Compact bush growth, stops at a specific height and useful for containers. If left without supporting stakes, they will form a dense carpet which excludes weeds and keeps the soil cool and damp.
Will continue growing a main stem, or vine until stopped by frost. The majority of heirloom tomatoes are indeterminate.
Both types need stakes to give them some support otherwise they will sprawl across the garden.
Varieties include Acid-free, Bush, Tall, Cherry, Yellow and many others.
Use in sauces, with fried meals, in sandwiches. Can be frozen whole or in pieces.
This planting guide is a general reference intended for home gardeners. We recommend that you take into account your local conditions in making planting decisions. GardenGrow is not a farming or commercial advisory service. For specific advice, please contact your local plant suppliers, gardening groups, or agricultural department.
The information on this site is presented in good faith, but we take no responsibility as to the accuracy of the information provided.
We cannot help if you are overrun by giant slugs.


text:
This event is now in the past - Luz at Lafayette on Thursday 21 March 2024 at 19:00.
Find more Luz performances
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Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4
As an introduction this chapter is aimed at readers who are familiar
with the Web, HTTP, and Apache, but are not security experts. It is not
intended to be a definitive guide to the SSL protocol, nor does it discuss
specific techniques for managing certificates in an organization, or the
important legal issues of patents and import and export restrictions.
Rather, it is intended to provide a common background to mod_ssl
users by pulling together various concepts, definitions,
and examples as a starting point for further exploration.
Understanding SSL requires an understanding of cryptographic algorithms, message digest functions (aka. one-way or hash functions), and digital signatures. These techniques are the subject of entire books (see for instance [AC96]) and provide the basis for privacy, integrity, and authentication.
Suppose Alice wants to send a message to her bank to transfer some money. Alice would like the message to be private, since it will include information such as her account number and transfer amount. One solution is to use a cryptographic algorithm, a technique that would transform her message into an encrypted form, unreadable until it is decrypted. Once in this form, the message can only be decrypted by using a secret key. Without the key the message is useless: good cryptographic algorithms make it so difficult for intruders to decode the original text that it isn't worth their effort.
There are two categories of cryptographic algorithms: conventional and public key.
Anyone can encrypt a message using the public key, but only the owner of the private key will be able to read it. In this way, Alice can send private messages to the owner of a key-pair (the bank), by encrypting them using their public key. Only the bank will be able to decrypt them.
Although Alice may encrypt her message to make it private, there is still a concern that someone might modify her original message or substitute it with a different one, in order to transfer the money to themselves, for instance. One way of guaranteeing the integrity of Alice's message is for her to create a concise summary of her message and send this to the bank as well. Upon receipt of the message, the bank creates its own summary and compares it with the one Alice sent. If the summaries are the same then the message has been received intact.
A summary such as this is called a message digest, one-way function or hash function. Message digests are used to create a short, fixed-length representation of a longer, variable-length message. Digest algorithms are designed to produce a unique digest for each message. Message digests are designed to make it impractically difficult to determine the message from the digest and (in theory) impossible to find two different messages which create the same digest -- thus eliminating the possibility of substituting one message for another while maintaining the same digest.
Another challenge that Alice faces is finding a way to send the digest to the bank securely; if the digest is not sent securely, its integrity may be compromised and with it the possibility for the bank to determine the integrity of the original message. Only if the digest is sent securely can the integrity of the associated message be determined.
One way to send the digest securely is to include it in a digital signature.
When Alice sends a message to the bank, the bank needs to ensure that the message is really from her, so an intruder cannot request a transaction involving her account. A digital signature, created by Alice and included with the message, serves this purpose.
Digital signatures are created by encrypting a digest of the message and other information (such as a sequence number) with the sender's private key. Though anyone can decrypt the signature using the public key, only the sender knows the private key. This means that only the sender can have signed the message. Including the digest in the signature means the signature is only good for that message; it also ensures the integrity of the message since no one can change the digest and still sign it.
To guard against interception and reuse of the signature by an intruder at a later date, the signature contains a unique sequence number. This protects the bank from a fraudulent claim from Alice that she did not send the message -- only she could have signed it (non-repudiation).
Although Alice could have sent a private message to the bank, signed it and ensured the integrity of the message, she still needs to be sure that she is really communicating with the bank. This means that she needs to be sure that the public key she is using is part of the bank's key-pair, and not an intruder's. Similarly, the bank needs to verify that the message signature really was signed by the private key that belongs to Alice.
If each party has a certificate which validates the other's identity, confirms the public key and is signed by a trusted agency, then both can be assured that they are communicating with whom they think they are. Such a trusted agency is called a Certificate Authority and certificates are used for authentication.
A certificate associates a public key with the real identity of an individual, server, or other entity, known as the subject. As shown in Table 1, information about the subject includes identifying information (the distinguished name) and the public key. It also includes the identification and signature of the Certificate Authority that issued the certificate and the period of time during which the certificate is valid. It may have additional information (or extensions) as well as administrative information for the Certificate Authority's use, such as a serial number.
Subject | Distinguished Name, Public Key |
Issuer | Distinguished Name, Signature |
Period of Validity | Not Before Date, Not After Date |
Administrative Information | Version, Serial Number |
Extended Information | Basic Constraints, Netscape Flags, etc. |
A distinguished name is used to provide an identity in a specific context -- for instance, an individual might have a personal certificate as well as one for their identity as an employee. Distinguished names are defined by the X.509 standard [X509], which defines the fields, field names and abbreviations used to refer to the fields (see Table 2).
DN Field | Abbrev. | Description | Example |
Common Name | CN | Name being certified | CN=Joe Average |
Organization or Company | O | Name is associated with this organization |
O=Snake Oil, Ltd. |
Organizational Unit | OU | Name is associated with this organization unit, such as a department |
OU=Research Institute |
City/Locality | L | Name is located in this City | L=Snake City |
State/Province | ST | Name is located in this State/Province | ST=Desert |
Country | C | Name is located in this Country (ISO code) | C=XZ |
A Certificate Authority may define a policy specifying which
distinguished field names are optional and which are required. It
may also place requirements upon the field contents, as may users of
certificates. For example, a Netscape browser requires that the
Common Name for a certificate representing a server matches a wildcard
pattern for the domain name of that server, such
as *.snakeoil.com
The binary format of a certificate is defined using the ASN.1 notation [ASN1] [PKCS]. This notation defines how to specify the contents and encoding rules define how this information is translated into binary form. The binary encoding of the certificate is defined using Distinguished Encoding Rules (DER), which are based on the more general Basic Encoding Rules (BER). For those transmissions which cannot handle binary, the binary form may be translated into an ASCII form by using Base64 encoding [MIME]. When placed between begin and end delimiter lines (as below), this encoded version is called a PEM ("Privacy Enhanced Mail") encoded certificate.
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIC7jCCAlegAwIBAgIBATANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQQFADCBqTELMAkGA1UEBhMCWFkx FTATBgNVBAgTDFNuYWtlIERlc2VydDETMBEGA1UEBxMKU25ha2UgVG93bjEXMBUG A1UEChMOU25ha2UgT2lsLCBMdGQxHjAcBgNVBAsTFUNlcnRpZmljYXRlIEF1dGhv cml0eTEVMBMGA1UEAxMMU25ha2UgT2lsIENBMR4wHAYJKoZIhvcNAQkBFg9jYUBz bmFrZW9pbC5kb20wHhcNOTgxMDIxMDg1ODM2WhcNOTkxMDIxMDg1ODM2WjCBpzEL MAkGA1UEBhMCWFkxFTATBgNVBAgTDFNuYWtlIERlc2VydDETMBEGA1UEBxMKU25h a2UgVG93bjEXMBUGA1UEChMOU25ha2UgT2lsLCBMdGQxFzAVBgNVBAsTDldlYnNl cnZlciBUZWFtMRkwFwYDVQQDExB3d3cuc25ha2VvaWwuZG9tMR8wHQYJKoZIhvcN AQkBFhB3d3dAc25ha2VvaWwuZG9tMIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKB gQDH9Ge/s2zcH+da+rPTx/DPRp3xGjHZ4GG6pCmvADIEtBtKBFAcZ64n+Dy7Np8b vKR+yy5DGQiijsH1D/j8HlGE+q4TZ8OFk7BNBFazHxFbYI4OKMiCxdKzdif1yfaa lWoANFlAzlSdbxeGVHoT0K+gT5w3UxwZKv2DLbCTzLZyPwIDAQABoyYwJDAPBgNV HRMECDAGAQH/AgEAMBEGCWCGSAGG+EIBAQQEAwIAQDANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQQFAAOB gQAZUIHAL4D09oE6Lv2k56Gp38OBDuILvwLg1v1KL8mQR+KFjghCrtpqaztZqcDt 2q2QoyulCgSzHbEGmi0EsdkPfg6mp0penssIFePYNI+/8u9HT4LuKMJX15hxBam7 dUHzICxBVC1lnHyYGjDuAMhe396lYAn8bCld1/L4NMGBCQ== -----END CERTIFICATE-----
By verifying the information in a certificate request before granting the certificate, the Certificate Authority assures itself of the identity of the private key owner of a key-pair. For instance, if Alice requests a personal certificate, the Certificate Authority must first make sure that Alice really is the person the certificate request claims she is.
A Certificate Authority may also issue a certificate for another Certificate Authority. When examining a certificate, Alice may need to examine the certificate of the issuer, for each parent Certificate Authority, until reaching one which she has confidence in. She may decide to trust only certificates with a limited chain of issuers, to reduce her risk of a "bad" certificate in the chain.
As noted earlier, each certificate requires an issuer to assert the validity of the identity of the certificate subject, up to the top-level Certificate Authority (CA). This presents a problem: who can vouch for the certificate of the top-level authority, which has no issuer? In this unique case, the certificate is "self-signed", so the issuer of the certificate is the same as the subject. Browsers are preconfigured to trust well-known certificate authorities, but it is important to exercise extra care in trusting a self-signed certificate. The wide publication of a public key by the root authority reduces the risk in trusting this key -- it would be obvious if someone else publicized a key claiming to be the authority.
A number of companies, such as Thawte and VeriSign have established themselves as Certificate Authorities. These companies provide the following services:
It is also possible to create your own Certificate Authority. Although risky in the Internet environment, it may be useful within an Intranet where the organization can easily verify the identities of individuals and servers.
Establishing a Certificate Authority is a responsibility which requires a solid administrative, technical and management framework. Certificate Authorities not only issue certificates, they also manage them -- that is, they determine for how long certificates remain valid, they renew them and keep lists of certificates that were issued in the past but are no longer valid (Certificate Revocation Lists, or CRLs).
For example, if Alice is entitled to a certificate as an employee of a company but has now left that company, her certificate may need to be revoked. Because certificates are only issued after the subject's identity has been verified and can then be passed around to all those with whom the subject may communicate, it is impossible to tell from the certificate alone that it has been revoked. Therefore when examining certificates for validity it is necessary to contact the issuing Certificate Authority to check CRLs -- this is usually not an automated part of the process.
If you use a Certificate Authority that browsers are not configured to trust by default, it is necessary to load the Certificate Authority certificate into the browser, enabling the browser to validate server certificates signed by that Certificate Authority. Doing so may be dangerous, since once loaded, the browser will accept all certificates signed by that Certificate Authority.
The Secure Sockets Layer protocol is a protocol layer which may be placed between a reliable connection-oriented network layer protocol (e.g. TCP/IP) and the application protocol layer (e.g. HTTP). SSL provides for secure communication between client and server by allowing mutual authentication, the use of digital signatures for integrity and encryption for privacy.
The protocol is designed to support a range of choices for specific algorithms used for cryptography, digests and signatures. This allows algorithm selection for specific servers to be made based on legal, export or other concerns and also enables the protocol to take advantage of new algorithms. Choices are negotiated between client and server when establishing a protocol session.
Version | Source | Description |
SSL v2.0 | Vendor Standard (from Netscape Corp.) | First SSL protocol for which implementations exist |
SSL v3.0 | Expired Internet Draft (from Netscape Corp.) [SSL3] | Revisions to prevent specific security attacks, add non-RSA ciphers and support for certificate chains |
TLS v1.0 | Proposed Internet Standard (from IETF) [TLS1] | Revision of SSL 3.0 to update the MAC layer to HMAC, add block padding for block ciphers, message order standardization and more alert messages. |
TLS v1.1 | Proposed Internet Standard (from IETF) [TLS11] | Update of TLS 1.0 to add protection against Cipher block chaining (CBC) attacks. |
TLS v1.2 | Proposed Internet Standard (from IETF) [TLS12] | Update of TLS 1.2 deprecating MD5 as hash, and adding incompatibility to SSL so it will never negotiate the use of SSLv2. |
There are a number of versions of the SSL protocol, as shown in Table 4. As noted there, one of the benefits in SSL 3.0 is that it adds support of certificate chain loading. This feature allows a server to pass a server certificate along with issuer certificates to the browser. Chain loading also permits the browser to validate the server certificate, even if Certificate Authority certificates are not installed for the intermediate issuers, since they are included in the certificate chain. SSL 3.0 is the basis for the Transport Layer Security [TLS] protocol standard, currently in development by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).
The SSL session is established by following a handshake sequence between client and server, as shown in Figure 1. This sequence may vary, depending on whether the server is configured to provide a server certificate or request a client certificate. Although cases exist where additional handshake steps are required for management of cipher information, this article summarizes one common scenario. See the SSL specification for the full range of possibilities.
Once an SSL session has been established, it may be reused. This avoids the performance penalty of repeating the many steps needed to start a session. To do this, the server assigns each SSL session a unique session identifier which is cached in the server and which the client can use in future connections to reduce the handshake time (until the session identifier expires from the cache of the server).
Figure 1: Simplified SSL
Handshake Sequence
The elements of the handshake sequence, as used by the client and server, are listed below:
The first step, Cipher Suite Negotiation, allows the client and server to choose a Cipher Suite supported by both of them. The SSL3.0 protocol specification defines 31 Cipher Suites. A Cipher Suite is defined by the following components:
These three elements are described in the sections that follow.
The key exchange method defines how the shared secret symmetric cryptography key used for application data transfer will be agreed upon by client and server. SSL 2.0 uses RSA key exchange only, while SSL 3.0 supports a choice of key exchange algorithms including RSA key exchange (when certificates are used), and Diffie-Hellman key exchange (for exchanging keys without certificates, or without prior communication between client and server).
One variable in the choice of key exchange methods is digital signatures -- whether or not to use them, and if so, what kind of signatures to use. Signing with a private key provides protection against a man-in-the-middle-attack during the information exchange used to generating the shared key [AC96, p516].
SSL uses conventional symmetric cryptography, as described earlier, for encrypting messages in a session. There are nine choices of how to encrypt, including the option not to encrypt:
"CBC" refers to Cipher Block Chaining, which means that a portion of the previously encrypted cipher text is used in the encryption of the current block. "DES" refers to the Data Encryption Standard [AC96, ch12], which has a number of variants (including DES40 and 3DES_EDE). "Idea" is currently one of the best and cryptographically strongest algorithms available, and "RC2" is a proprietary algorithm from RSA DSI [AC96, ch13].
The choice of digest function determines how a digest is created from a record unit. SSL supports the following:
The message digest is used to create a Message Authentication Code (MAC) which is encrypted with the message to verify integrity and to protect against replay attacks.
The handshake sequence uses three protocols:
These protocols, as well as application protocol data, are encapsulated in the SSL Record Protocol, as shown in Figure 2. An encapsulated protocol is transferred as data by the lower layer protocol, which does not examine the data. The encapsulated protocol has no knowledge of the underlying protocol.
Figure 2: SSL Protocol Stack
The encapsulation of SSL control protocols by the record protocol means that if an active session is renegotiated the control protocols will be transmitted securely. If there was no previous session, the Null cipher suite is used, which means there will be no encryption and messages will have no integrity digests, until the session has been established.
The SSL Record Protocol, shown in Figure 3, is used to transfer application and SSL Control data between the client and server, where necessary fragmenting this data into smaller units, or combining multiple higher level protocol data messages into single units. It may compress, attach digest signatures, and encrypt these units before transmitting them using the underlying reliable transport protocol (Note: currently, no major SSL implementations include support for compression).
Figure 3: SSL Record Protocol
One common use of SSL is to secure Web HTTP communication between
a browser and a webserver. This does not preclude the use of
non-secured HTTP - the secure version (called HTTPS) is the same as
plain HTTP over SSL, but uses the URL scheme https
rather than http
, and a different server port (by default,
port 443). This functionality is a large part of what mod_ssl
provides for the Apache webserver.
Applied Cryptography, 2nd Edition, Wiley, 1996. See http://www.counterpane.com/ for various other materials by Bruce Schneier.
Specification of Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1), last updated 2008. See http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/asn1/.
The Directory - Authentication Framework. For references, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X.509.
Public Key Cryptography Standards (PKCS), RSA Laboratories Technical Notes, See http://www.rsasecurity.com/rsalabs/pkcs/.
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message Bodies, RFC2045. See for instance http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2045.
The SSL Protocol Version 3.0, 1996. See http://www.netscape.com/eng/ssl3/draft302.txt.
The TLS Protocol Version 1.0, 1999. See http://ietf.org/rfc/rfc2246.txt.
The TLS Protocol Version 1.1, 2006. See http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4346.
The TLS Protocol Version 1.2, 2008. See http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5246.


text:
The Boston Latino International Film Festival (www.bliff.org) the Boston
Area Spanish Exchange – BASE present:
Latinos in US Media
(panel *mostly* in Spanish)
Saturday October 20, 2pm, Howard Thurman Center at Boston University (FREE)
775 Commonwealth Ave.
Boston, MA 02215
"Boston area Spanish-speaking media, film and arts experts meet to discuss in Spanish the present state of Spanish language (and bilingualism) in these U.S. media. The media have played an active role in the creation of many of the stereotypes related to the Latino community in the United States. By addressing the role of language in the inscription, and subversion, of these stereotypes, this panel seeks to provide a space for reflection about how these issues affect the very communities represented in the screen and other media, as well as their relationship with other
communities in the US."
Carmen Oquendo-Villar
-Ernesto Livon-Grosman, Associate Professor of Hispanic Studies and Director of Graduate Studies of the Dept. of Romance Languages & Literatures at Boston College; he has also made the documentary "Cartoneros", about the paper recycling process in Argentina, and how many people become trash pickers to be able to make a living.
-Cristina Kotz Cornejo, Associate Professor, Director of the BFA Program, Department of Visual and Media Arts, Emerson College; who has made several films. The last one, titled "3 Americas", about the relation between an Argentinean-American girl, her anti-American grand-mother in Argentina, and America.
-Doris Sommer, Ira Jewell Williams Professor of Romance Languages and Literatures, Department of Romance Languages and Literatures, Harvard
University; her work focuses mainly on issues of bilingualism and cultural agency.
-Marisol Negron, Florence Levy Kay Fellow in Latino Studies, Department of Romance Studies and the Program in Latin American & Latino Studies, Brandeis University; her dissertation is "Salsa as commodity and cultural signifier: an analysis of nuyorican musical form." Her research interests are migration and diaspora, popular culture and comodification, and Cuban-American, Dominican-American, Chicano and Puerto Rican cultural production.
-Jose Barriga, He is a social psychologist by training and specializes in Latino media in the U.S. He has worked in Los Angeles with Telemundo, Fox Latin America, La Opinion newspaper, and Enigma Entertainment in different executive positions. He attended: la Universidad Catolica de Lima, la Universidad Ricardo Palma de Lima, the University of California, Los Angeles, and the Armando Robles Godoy Filmmaking School.
-Carmen Oquendo-Villar, (Harvard Ph.D) is a Boston-based interdisciplinary artist and writer-scholar of Puerto Rican and Spanish descent, educated in Latin America, West Africa and the United States. She has been lecturing, exhibiting, and curating internationally since 2004.


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text:
[Jump to the main content of this page] |
About Us | Contact Us | FAQ's | Newsroom |
Current SOPA Report(NOTE: The SOPA report opens in a separate browser window.)
Click to view the current SOPA Report The current SOPA Report contains a list of proposed actions that will begin or are currently
undergoing environmental analysis and documentation. Questions and comments regarding projects listed
in the SOPA should be directed to the Project
Contact shown in the SOPA.
For more specific information related to the Ashley National Forest, please visit their local Home Page. Past SOPA Reports(NOTE: The SOPA reports open in a separate browser window.)
Past SOPA Reports are provided for historical purposes only.
PDF and HTML Documents:Schedule of Proposed Actions are available on this website in both PDF (Portable Document Format) and HTML page format.The PDF file format allows documents to be saved in one common format that is downloadable by anyone. This format can be viewed within your browser or printed out on your printer. Any printout using our PDF files will look exactly like the originals. You can save the PDF file to your computer for later viewing and printing. PDF does have one requirement: viewer plug-in software (Adobe Reader). This software allows your browser to be able to "understand" PDF. You must have the Adobe Reader plug-in installed on your computer in order to view PDF files. You may already have this software on your computer. If not, the Adobe Reader is available from the Adobe Reader website. The HTML format may sometimes be faster to view within your web browser than a PDF and is generally accessible to people using assistive technology devices (such as screen reading software). However, when printed, HTML will often not look the same as an original hardcopy. You may navigate directly to any other State, Forest, Grassland, Scenic Area, Recreation Area,
or Tallgrass Prairie SOPA page using the
following drop-down lists or the text-only navigation page:
US Forest Service |


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In the winter, if a planter is to remain planted, they should be raised up off the ground making sure not to block the drainage hole. This allows the planter to drain and will prevent the planter from freezing to the ground. If the planter is not to be planted, it should be brought inside to a garage or shed. If this is not possible, follow the steps above, but turn the planter upside down to prevent it from filling with snow and ice. It should then be covered or wrapped with burlap or any absorbent material (old blanket/towel) and then wrapped with dark plastic to prevent it from accumulating moisture.
Turtle Planter, Small
- Cast Stone


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Double Layer Knot Choker Necklace 18K Gold
Double Layer Knot Choker Necklace 18K Gold
✅ Made with Genuine 18K gold
✅ Length 16 inches
✅ Stone: CZ Stone
✅ This listing is for 1 (one) piece Necklace
✅ This necklace is readily available. Shipping is 3-7 business days only.
Our Store Details:
✔ We are an online store only to give you the best prices and convenience. Please place your order via Shopping Cart.
✔ Hundreds of REAL Customer Feedback!
✔ We ship via LBC. Shipping is 2-4 business days for ready available items. Made-to-order jewelries (Specified in details) require 14 business days to ship. Choose carefully and order in advance. Absolutely NO RUSH SHIPPING.
✔We ship international. Shoot us an email at email@example.com if your country is not the choices during Checkout.
✔ 100% Legit since 2017!
❤ ❤ ❤ Share the Love ❤ ❤ ❤ ❤PIN IT on PINTEREST ❤FOLLOW on Instagram ❤LOVE IT on Facebook
Made with 100% real Gold or 925 Silver. Please check each product description.
We use LBC Courier for shipping your all your orders. It usually takes 2-7 days for your package to arrive for ready made and 14-30 business days for pre-order jewelry. We prioritize safe and efficient shipping, so you can expect your order to reach you in a timely manner. If you have any questions or need help with your shipment, please don't hesitate to contact our customer support team.
Care Instructions
Care Instructions
Jewelry Care Instructions:
Although our jewelry is crafted using high-quality authentic gold, it is always beneficial to treat it with utmost care.
- Avoid exposing your jewelry to harsh chemicals such as perfumes, lotions, and cleaning products. These substances can damage the finish and gemstones.
- Remove your jewelry before engaging in activities that may cause physical damage, such as sports or heavy lifting. This helps prevent scratches, dents, or accidental pulling.
- When not wearing your jewelry, store it in a clean and dry place. Use a jewelry box or a soft cloth pouch to prevent tangling and minimize exposure to moisture.
- Regularly clean your jewelry using a mild soap and lukewarm water. Gently scrub with a soft brush or cloth to remove dirt and oils. Rinse thoroughly and pat dry with a clean towel.
- Avoid wearing your jewelry while bathing, swimming, or in hot tubs. Chlorine and saltwater can be particularly damaging to jewelry, causing discoloration and corrosion.
- If your jewelry contains gemstones, be cautious with sudden temperature changes, as some stones can be sensitive to thermal shock. Remove your jewelry before exposing it to extreme heat or cold.
- For delicate chains and bracelets, handle them with care to avoid knotting or stretching. Fasten clasps properly to prevent accidental loosening or loss.
- It is advisable to have your jewelry professionally inspected and cleaned periodically. This ensures any potential issues are addressed promptly and helps maintain its overall condition.
Following these care instructions will help preserve the beauty and longevity of your jewelry from ZNZ Jewelry. If you have any further questions or concerns, please reach out to our customer support team.


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Cheerful Moment
Wednesday, December 2
per guest
Learn more
Class Details
Get into the holiday spirit with this joyful snowman ornament. The warm glow from the colorful lights will fill you with Christmas cheer!
The Perfect Night Out
Enjoy drinks, upbeat music and hanging out with your favorite people while you paint! It's as fun for first-time painters as it is for experienced artists.
Fun Atmosphere
From the moment you walk in, the mood is light, the music is fun and the conversation comes easy!
Easy to Do
You don't need to be a seasoned painter — we make it easy for everyone to find their inner artist!
Sit Together
You'll get seats with all your friends, even if you book separately. Just tell us your friends' names when you register.
Paint Your Way
There's no rule that says you have to follow the artist's steps. It's your art, so paint it however you like!
Frequently Asked Questions
Check out our FAQs to learn more about what to expect from your Pinot's Palette experience or feel free to call the studio to speak to a member of our staff.
How do I sign-up for a class?
Reserving a class with us is easy! Just click on the photo from the calendar online, be sure to enter how many seats you want, click add to cart and you're off an on your way! It will walk you through the reservation process.
Do you allow us to bring our own alchohol?
Unfortunately, no. California laws require that we serve our own alcohol and do not allow BYOB.
I don't have any artistic talent. Will I be able to complete the painting?
Absolutely! Our artist will guide you step-by-step through the featured painting and will ensure that you stay on track to completing your masterpiece by the end of class. There are no mistakes, but Acrylic paint dries quickly, making mistakes easy to fix and perfect.
Do you have a private party room?
Yes, in addition to the main room we also a private party room that can accommodate up to 24. The private party room is available for birthday parties, anniversary celebrations, holiday parties, corporate events and team building events.
How do I get to sit next to my friends?
When you make your reservation, there's a box that will ask who you want to sit next to. Be sure to put your friend's names on there so you can all sit together.


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So that was …. interesting.
First off, I'd like to thank the commenters for all of the suggestions and ideas to the previous post. They were certainly useful. In particularly, the connection with the difficulties faced by evolutionists in debates vs. creationists proved to be very a propos. Our side played it it pretty straight – the basic IPCC line (Richard Somerville), commentary on the how 'scientized' political debates abuse science (me, though without using the word 'scientized'!) and the projections and potential solutions (Brenda Ekwurzel). Crichton went with the crowd-pleasing condemnation of private jet-flying liberals – very popular, even among the private jet-flying Eastsiders present) and the apparent hypocrisy of people who think that global warming is a problem using any energy at all. Lindzen used his standard presentation – CO2 will be trivial effect, no one knows anything about aerosols, sensitivity from the 20th Century is tiny, and by the way global warming stopped in 1998. Stott is a bit of a force of nature and essentially accused anyone who thinks global warming is a problem of explicitly rooting for misery and poverty in the third world. He also brought up the whole cosmic ray issue as the next big thing in climate science.
Update: The transcript is now available – though be aware that it has not yet been verified for accuracy. Audio + Podcast.
The podcast should be available next Wednesday (I'll link it here once it's available), and so you can judge for yourselves, but I'm afraid the actual audience (who by temperament I'd say were split roughly half/half on the question) were apparently more convinced by the entertaining narratives from Crichton and Stott (not so sure about Lindzen) than they were by our drier fare. Entertainment-wise it's hard to blame them. Crichton is extremely polished and Stott has a touch of the revivalist preacher about him. Comparatively, we were pretty dull.
I had started off with a thought that Lindzen and Stott, in particular, would avoid the more specious pseudo-scientific claims they've used in other fora since there were people who would seriously challenge them at this debate. In the event, they stuck very closely to their standard script. Lindzen used the 'GW stopped in 1998' argument which even Crichton acknowledged later was lame. He also used the 'aerosols are completely uncertain' but 'sensitivity to CO2 from the 20th Century is precisely defined' in adjoining paragraphs without any apparent cognitive dissonance. Stott didn't use the medieval English vineyards meme (as he did in TGGWS) – but maybe he read the RC article ahead of time.
The Q&A was curious since most questions were very much of the 'I read the Wall Street Journal editorial page' style, and I thought we did okay, except possibly when I suggested to the audience that the cosmic ray argument was being used to fool them, which didn't go over well – no-one likes being told they're being had (especially when they are). My bad.
The organisers asked us afterwards whether we'd have done much different in hindsight. Looking back, the answer is mostly no. We are scientists, and we talk about science and we're not going start getting into questions of personal morality and wider political agendas – and obviously that put us at a sharp disadvantage (shades of David Mamet?).
One minor detail that might be interesting is that the organisers put on luxury SUVs for the participants to get to the restaurant – 5 blocks away. None of our side used them (preferring to walk), but all of the other side did.
So are such debates worthwhile? On balance, I'd probably answer no (regardless of the outcome). The time constraints preclude serious examination of any points of controversy and the number of spurious talking points can seriously overwhelm the ability of others to rebut them. Taking a 'meta' approach (as I attempted) is certainly not a guaranteed solution. However, this live audience were a rather select bunch, and so maybe this will go over differently on the radio. There it might not matter that Crichton is so tall…


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This product is in stock. The delivery time is 1-2 work days
Teething can be difficult, painful and stressful time for small children. Lanco's 100% natural rubber teethers soothe their gums and keep them entertained helping with their sensory development. Lanco teethers are especially designed for baby's and easy to grasp. This teether also makes a sound.
Lanco toys are made according to a traditional production, where quality is a must and some parts even are done manually. Because of this no Lanco toys product will exactly be the same! Lanco toys are made of 100% natural rubber and are free of Nitrosamines, Phthalates, BBP, DBP and DEHP. Therefor Lanco toys are completely safe for baby's and toddler.
Cleaning instructions:
We recommend to clean the surface of Lanco's teething toys with a damp cloth and mild soap. It should not be immersed in the water nor rinsed off, to prevent water from getting inside, as it may become damaged. Please note: Do not sterilize toys and teethers of natural rubber nor clean it in the dishwasher!


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Plano-concave (PCV) lenses have one flat and one inward curved surface. PCV lenses have a negative focal length and are used for image reduction or to spread light.
Experimental Quality Plano-Concave (PCV) Lenses are offered in several experimental grade options. Grade 1 is standard optical glass, edged, free of visible scratches, chips, stains, or oxidation. Grade 2 is unedged, non-optical glass, small chips, slight stains, or other defects. They may have slight edge cement separation.
Note: Specifications for experimental grade optics may vary as much as 10% from those listed. Also, no additional information is available other than what is provided.


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*Requires an Enterprise Plan prior to activation. Enterprise plans are not available as part of a free trial. For details about the Funnel aklamio connector, visit Funnel . For additional technical or product details, visit product site . Need to chat? Talk with our data experts about aklamio.
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See data destinationsLeveraging aklamio certified APIs , quickly and securely activate code-free, fully-automated data pipelines to a private, trusted data destination owned by you.
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See data toolsIn-depth aklamio definitions, solutions, and guides.
You get a simple, direct, and efficient code-free pipeline process ensures you can focus on using data, not wrangling it. Unify sales and marketing data from sources like Amazon Selling Partner, Amazon Vendor Central, Amazon Advertising, Google Ads, Facebook Marketing, Shopify, and many others to private data lakes or cloud warehouses.
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psed - a stream editor
psed [-an] script [file ...]
psed [-an] [-e script] [-f script-file] [file ...]
s2p [-an] [-e script] [-f script-file]
A stream editor reads the input stream consisting of the specified files (or standard input, if none are given), processes is line by line by applying a script consisting of edit commands, and writes resulting lines to standard output. The filename `-
' may be used to read standard input.
The edit script is composed from arguments of -e options and script-files, in the given order. A single script argument may be specified as the first parameter.
If this program is invoked with the name s2p, it will act as a sed-to-Perl translator. See "sed Script Translation".
sed returns an exit code of 0 on success or >0 if an error occurred.
A file specified as argument to the w edit command is by default opened before input processing starts. Using -a, opening of such files is delayed until the first line is actually written to the file.
The editing commands defined by script are appended to the script. Multiple commands must be separated by newlines.
Editing commands from the specified script-file are read and appended to the script.
By default, a line is written to standard output after the editing script has been applied to it. The -n option suppresses automatic printing.
sed command syntax is defined as
with whitespace being permitted before or after addresses, and between the function character and the argument. The addresses and the address inverter (!
) are used to restrict the application of a command to the selected line(s) of input.
Each command must be on a line of its own, except where noted in the synopses below.
The edit cycle performed on each input line consist of reading the line (without its trailing newline character) into the pattern space, applying the applicable commands of the edit script, writing the final contents of the pattern space and a newline to the standard output. A hold space is provided for saving the contents of the pattern space for later use.
A sed address is either a line number or a pattern, which may be combined arbitrarily to construct ranges. Lines are numbered across all input files.
Any address may be followed by an exclamation mark (`!
'), selecting all lines not matching that address.
The line with the given number is selected.
A dollar sign ($
) is the line number of the last line of the input stream.
A pattern address is a basic regular expression (see "Basic Regular Expressions"), between the delimiting character /
. Any other character except \
or newline may be used to delimit a pattern address when the initial delimiter is prefixed with a backslash (`\
If no address is given, the command selects every line.
If one address is given, it selects the line (or lines) matching the address.
Two addresses select a range that begins whenever the first address matches, and ends (including that line) when the second address matches. If the first (second) address is a matching pattern, the second address is not applied to the very same line to determine the end of the range. Likewise, if the second address is a matching pattern, the first address is not applied to the very same line to determine the begin of another range. If both addresses are line numbers, and the second line number is less than the first line number, then only the first line is selected.
The maximum permitted number of addresses is indicated with each function synopsis below.
The argument text consists of one or more lines following the command. Embedded newlines in text must be preceded with a backslash. Other backslashes in text are deleted and the following character is taken literally.
Write text (which must start on the line following the command) to standard output immediately before reading the next line of input, either by executing the N function or by beginning a new cycle.
Branch to the : function with the specified label. If no label is given, branch to the end of the script.
The line, or range of lines, selected by the address is deleted. The text (which must start on the line following the command) is written to standard output. With an address range, this occurs at the end of the range.
Deletes the pattern space and starts the next cycle.
Deletes the pattern space through the first embedded newline or to the end. If the pattern space becomes empty, a new cycle is started, otherwise execution of the script is restarted.
Replace the contents of the pattern space with the hold space.
Append a newline and the contents of the hold space to the pattern space.
Replace the contents of the hold space with the pattern space.
Append a newline and the contents of the pattern space to the hold space.
Write the text (which must start on the line following the command) to standard output.
Print the contents of the pattern space: non-printable characters are shown in C-style escaped form; long lines are split and have a trailing `\
' at the point of the split; the true end of a line is marked with a `$
'. Escapes are: `\a', `\t', `\n', `\f', `\r', `\e' for BEL, HT, LF, FF, CR, ESC, respectively, and `\' followed by a three-digit octal number for all other non-printable characters.
If automatic printing is enabled, write the pattern space to the standard output. Replace the pattern space with the next line of input. If there is no more input, processing is terminated.
Append a newline and the next line of input to the pattern space. If there is no more input, processing is terminated.
Print the pattern space to the standard output. (Use the -n option to suppress automatic printing at the end of a cycle if you want to avoid double printing of lines.)
Prints the pattern space through the first embedded newline or to the end.
Branch to the end of the script and quit without starting a new cycle.
Copy the contents of the file to standard output immediately before the next attempt to read a line of input. Any error encountered while reading file is silently ignored.
Substitute the replacement string for the first substring in the pattern space that matches the regular expression. Any character other than backslash or newline can be used instead of a slash to delimit the regular expression and the replacement. To use the delimiter as a literal character within the regular expression and the replacement, precede the character by a backslash (`\
Literal newlines may be embedded in the replacement string by preceding a newline with a backslash.
Within the replacement, an ampersand (`&
') is replaced by the string matching the regular expression. The strings `\1
' through `\9
' are replaced by the corresponding subpattern (see "Basic Regular Expressions"). To get a literal `&
' or `\
' in the replacement text, precede it by a backslash.
The following flags modify the behaviour of the s command:
The replacement is performed for all matching, non-overlapping substrings of the pattern space.
Replace only the n-th matching substring of the pattern space.
If the substitution was made, print the new value of the pattern space.
If the substitution was made, write the new value of the pattern space to the specified file.
Branch to the : function with the specified label if any s substitutions have been made since the most recent reading of an input line or execution of a t function. If no label is given, branch to the end of the script.
The contents of the pattern space are written to the file.
Swap the contents of the pattern space and the hold space.
In the pattern space, replace all characters occuring in string1 by the character at the corresponding position in string2. It is possible to use any character (other than a backslash or newline) instead of a slash to delimit the strings. Within string1 and string2, a backslash followed by any character other than a newline is that literal character, and a backslash followed by an `n' is replaced by a newline character.
Prints the current line number on the standard output.
The command specifies the position of the label. It has no other effect.
These two commands begin and end a command list. The first command may be given on the same line as the opening { command. The commands within the list are jointly selected by the address(es) given on the { command (but may still have individual addresses).
The entire line is ignored (treated as a comment). If, however, the first two characters in the script are `#n
', automatic printing of output is suppressed, as if the -n option were given on the command line.
A Basic Regular Expression (BRE), as defined in POSIX 1003.2, consists of atoms, for matching parts of a string, and bounds, specifying repetitions of a preceding atom.
The possible atoms of a BRE are: ., matching any single character; ^ and $, matching the null string at the beginning or end of a string, respectively; a bracket expressions, enclosed in [ and ] (see below); and any single character with no other significance (matching that character). A \ before one of: ., ^, $, [, *, \, matching the character after the backslash. A sequence of atoms enclosed in \( and \) becomes an atom and establishes the target for a backreference, consisting of the substring that actually matches the enclosed atoms. Finally, \ followed by one of the digits 0 through 9 is a backreference.
A ^ that is not first, or a $ that is not last does not have a special significance and need not be preceded by a backslash to become literal. The same is true for a ], that does not terminate a bracket expression.
An unescaped backslash cannot be last in a BRE.
The BRE bounds are: *, specifying 0 or more matches of the preceding atom; \{count\}, specifying that many repetitions; \{minimum,\}, giving a lower limit; and \{minimum,maximum\} finally defines a lower and upper bound.
A bound appearing as the first item in a BRE is taken literally.
A bracket expression is a list of characters, character ranges and character classes enclosed in [ and ] and matches any single character from the represented set of characters.
A character range is written as two characters separated by - and represents all characters (according to the character collating sequence) that are not less than the first and not greater than the second. (Ranges are very collating-sequence-dependent, and portable programs should avoid relying on them.)
A character class is one of the class names
alnum digit punct
alpha graph space
blank lower upper
cntrl print xdigit
enclosed in [: and :] and represents the set of characters as defined in ctype(3).
If the first character after [ is ^, the sense of matching is inverted.
To include a literal `^
', place it anywhere else but first. To include a literal ']
' place it first or immediately after an initial ^. To include a literal `-
' make it the first (or second after ^) or last character, or the second endpoint of a range.
The special bracket expression constructs [[:<:]]
and [[:>:]]
match the null string at the beginning and end of a word respectively. (Note that neither is identical to Perl's `\b' atom.)
Since some sed implementations provide additional regular expression atoms (not defined in POSIX 1003.2), psed is capable of translating the following backslash escapes:
.To enable this feature, the environment variable PSEDEXTBRE must be set to a string containing the requested characters, e.g.: PSEDEXTBRE='<>wW'
The environment variable PSEDEXTBRE
may be set to extend BREs. See "Additional Atoms".
The indicated character appears twice, with different translations.
A `[' in a BRE indicates the beginning of a bracket expression.
A `\' in a BRE is used to make the subsequent character literal.
A `\' in a subsitution string is used to make the subsequent character literal.
In an s command, either the `g' flag and an n-th occurrence flag, or multiple n-th occurrence flags are specified. Note that only the digits `1' through `9' are permitted.
The command has more than the permitted number of addresses.
The BRE and substitution may not be delimited with `\' or newline.
The specified backreference number exceeds the number of backreferences in the BRE.
The repeat clause does not contain a valid integer value, or pair of values.
The first or second string of a y command is syntactically incorrect.
There must be at least one -e or one -f option specifying a script or script file.
The translation table strings in a y commanf must have equal lengths.
A } command without a preceding { command was encountered.
The end of the script was reached although a text line after a a, c or i command indicated another line.
A BRE contains an unterminated bracket expression.
A BRE contains an unterminated backreference.
A BRE contains an unterminated bounds specification.
The basic material for the preceding section was generated by running the sed script
#no autoprint
s/^.*Warn( *"\([^"]*\)".*$/\1/
t process
s/^/=item /
on the program's own text, and piping the output into sort -u
If this program is invoked with the name s2p it will act as a sed-to-Perl translator. After option processing (all other arguments are ignored), a Perl program is printed on standard output, which will process the input stream (as read from all arguments) in the way defined by the sed script and the option setting used for the translation.
perl(1), re_format(7)
The l command will show escape characters (ESC) as `\e
', but a vertical tab (VT) in octal.
Trailing spaces are truncated from labels in :, t and b commands.
The meaning of an empty regular expression (`//
'), as defined by sed, is "the last pattern used, at run time". This deviates from the Perl interpretation, which will re-use the "last last successfully executed regular expression". Since keeping track of pattern usage would create terribly cluttered code, and differences would only appear in obscure context (where other sed implementations appear to deviate, too), the Perl semantics was adopted. Note that common usage of this feature, such as in /abc/s//xyz/
, will work as expected.
Collating elements (of bracket expressions in BREs) are not implemented.
This sed implementation conforms to the IEEE Std1003.2-1992 ("POSIX.2") definition of sed, and is compatible with the OpenBSD implementation, except where otherwise noted (see "BUGS").
This Perl implementation of sed was written by Wolfgang Laun, firstname.lastname@example.com.
This program is free and open software. You may use, modify, distribute, and sell this program (and any modified variants) in any way you wish, provided you do not restrict others from doing the same.


text:
About Searchmetrics
Searchmetrics is the pioneer and leading global provider of search analytics, digital marketing software and SEO services. It operates the Searchmetrics Suite, an innovative, interactive SEO platform that offers a holistic consulting approach to helping companies develop and execute intelligent, long term digital marketing and content strategies.
The award-winning research section of our SEO software includes the functions SEO, PPC, as well as social, links, and keyword research: Customized website and SEO analysis for comprehensive search engine optimization.
If you want to know more about SEO or to have more information on certain terms and their definitions, please visit our Glossary.
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Archive Search
Simply search by school for a list of results showing the availability of images and purchasing options.
If you can't find the photograph you're searching for, send us the details and we'll search our archive for you, or you can browse a list of school names.
The value of a treasured image cannot be truly estimated.
At Gillman & Soame we are constantly scanning and upgrading our archive materials and have an unrivalled schools and college archive.


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The National Hockey League appears headed toward a 48-game season for the second time in two decades.
"I think 48 is most likely at this point, unless the players can expedite their ratification process," NHL Deputy Commissioner Bill Daly wrote in an email Monday to The Associated Press.
The NHL shortened its 82-game slate to 48 games for the 1994-1995 season after a 103-day lockout. A 301-day lockout in 2004-2005 made the NHL the first major North American professional sports league to lose an entire season.
When the framework of a new collective bargaining agreement was agreed to Sunday morning—after 16 hours of negotiations—there was some talk of having a 50-game season start later this month.
The NHL and the players' association are working on a memorandum of understanding, which could be completed soon, then voted on by owners and players. The league has circulated a memo to teams telling them to be ready to play by Jan. 19, the date the shortened season is expected to start.
"As we prepare for the season opener, I want to apologize to all Blues fans, especially our season ticket holders, suite holders, and sponsors," St. Louis Blues owner Tom Stillman said in a statement released by the team. "We share in your disappointment and frustration about the lockout."
Los Angeles Kings forward Kevin Westgarth, who was part of the union negotiating team for much of the long work stoppage, expects the National Hockey League Players' Association to conduct a conference call to explain and answer questions about the new collective bargaining agreement before players vote on it online.
"Of course the league will say if the players hurry up, we can play more games, but there's a reality to consider as well," Mr. Westgarth said in a telephone interview Monday from Raleigh, N.C., where he skated informally with some Carolina Hurricanes. "But the first step is for the people who are good with words to get on paper what both sides agreed to.
"Then, we have to get guys—who are scattered all over the world—to understand the agreement before we can start voting."
Some NHL players—including Washington Capitals star Alex Ovechkin—went overseas during the lockout. Ovechkin, who played for his hometown Dynamo Moscow in the Kontinental Hockey League, was welcomed back to Washington by the Capitals, who posted a picture of him on their Twitter account arriving at a local airport.
Players — teammates and opponents — who stayed in North America have been getting together for months to skate, conduct on-ice drills and work out on their own to stay in relatively good shape.
Penguins star Sidney Crosby and nearly a dozen teammates worked out at a suburban Pittsburgh ice rink Monday.
For a change, Mr. Crosby and the rest of the NHL players knew games will be played after negotiators for both sides—and an outside mediator—found a way to revive a sport desperate to regain momentum and boost its prominence.
The league and the union agreed to the framework of a 10-year labor contract, ending a bitter dispute that wiped out a large part of the hockey season for the third time in less than two decades. On the 113th day of the lockout and five days before the league's deadline for a deal, the bleary-eyed sides held a 6 a.m. Sunday news conference to announce there would be a season after all.
The lockout could wipe out perhaps $1 billion in revenue this season because about 40% of the regular-season schedule won't be played.
The NHL's revenue of $3.3 billion last season lagged well behind the NFL ($9 billion), Major League Baseball ($7.5 billion) and the NBA ($5 billion). The new deal will lower the players' percentage from 57 to 50 after owners originally had proposed the players get 46%.
This was the third lockout among the major U.S. sports in a period of just over a year. A four-month NFL lockout ended in July 2011 with the loss of only one exhibition game, and an NBA lockout caused each team's schedule to be cut from 82 games to 66 last season.


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Marimekko dress, hearts | 90cm
Regular price
Sale price€14,00
Save 30%
- Choose Ninyes secondhand - on average 82% less CO2 emissions.
Marimekko dress with small pockets in hearts print.
Material: 95% cotton, 5% elastane
Fabric type: sweat
Color: white / red / midnight blue
Condition: Good - This item is in a good condition, but the fabric is lightly worn or fluffed in washing.
Together with our partner brands we offer a selection of sustainable 2nd hand clothing for women and children. Check out our re.wear service, where you can recycle your used second hand treasures.
We ship all products from our office in Helsinki. 90% of all orders are shipped on the same or next business day.
All products for sale have been photographed and inspected by us. If you are not satisfied with your purchase, you can return it within 14 days.


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U.S. Sen Angus King
Maine as Third World Country:
CMP Transmission Rate Skyrockets 19.6% Due to Wind Power
Click here to read how the Maine ratepayer has been sold down the river by the Angus King cabal.
Maine Center For Public Interest Reporting – Three Part Series: A CRITICAL LOOK AT MAINE'S WIND ACT
(excerpts) From Part 1 – On Maine's Wind Law "Once the committee passed the wind energy bill on to the full House and Senate, lawmakers there didn't even debate it. They passed it unanimously and with no discussion. House Majority Leader Hannah Pingree, a Democrat from North Haven, says legislators probably didn't know how many turbines would be constructed in Maine if the law's goals were met." . – Maine Center for Public Interest Reporting, August 2010 https://www.pinetreewatchdog.org/wind-power-bandwagon-hits-bumps-in-the-road-3/From Part 2 – On Wind and Oil Yet using wind energy doesn't lower dependence on imported foreign oil. That's because the majority of imported oil in Maine is used for heating and transportation. And switching our dependence from foreign oil to Maine-produced electricity isn't likely to happen very soon, says Bartlett. "Right now, people can't switch to electric cars and heating – if they did, we'd be in trouble." So was one of the fundamental premises of the task force false, or at least misleading?" https://www.pinetreewatchdog.org/wind-swept-task-force-set-the-rules/From Part 3 – On Wind-Required New Transmission Lines Finally, the building of enormous, high-voltage transmission lines that the regional electricity system operator says are required to move substantial amounts of wind power to markets south of Maine was never even discussed by the task force – an omission that Mills said will come to haunt the state."If you try to put 2,500 or 3,000 megawatts in northern or eastern Maine – oh, my god, try to build the transmission!" said Mills. "It's not just the towers, it's the lines – that's when I begin to think that the goal is a little farfetched." https://www.pinetreewatchdog.org/flaws-in-bill-like-skating-with-dull-skates/
Not yet a member?
Sign up today and lend your voice and presence to the steadily rising tide that will soon sweep the scourge of useless and wretched turbines from our beloved Maine countryside. For many of us, our little pieces of paradise have been hard won. Did the carpetbaggers think they could simply steal them from us?
We have the facts on our side. We have the truth on our side. All we need now is YOU.
"First they ignore you, then they laugh at you, then they fight you, then you win."
-- Mahatma Gandhi
"It's not whether you get knocked down: it's whether you get up."
Vince Lombardi
Task Force membership is free. Please sign up today!
Hannah Pingree - Director of Maine's Office of Innovation and the Future
"Once the committee passed the wind energy bill on to the full House and Senate, lawmakers there didn't even debate it. They passed it unanimously and with no discussion. House Majority Leader Hannah Pingree, a Democrat from North Haven, says legislators probably didn't know how many turbines would be constructed in Maine."
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Talon Force: Dire Straits
Mass Market Paperback
Cliff Garnett
Item Keywords
Books › Subjects › Literature & Fiction › Genre Fiction › War
Mass Market Paperback
Cliff Garnett
Books › Subjects › Literature & Fiction › Genre Fiction › War
We are a new and used independent bookstore that provides a broad assortment of ever-changing inventory. All items sold from the bookstore are classified as like-new, gently-used condition. All items are thoroughly inspected and will show little, to no signs of wear.
Books contain no damages or markings
Board Games/Puzzles complete with instructions and all required pieces
Movies & TV Sets contain cases and discs with no cracks or scratches
Collectibles/Toys remain in original unopened packaging
We love happy customers. We stand behind every product purchased from the Book Nook and guarantee its satisfaction with the utmost customer service. In most cases we accept returns 30 days from the date of purchase.
All items come with the option of either Curbside Pickup (available 24 hours after purchase) or Standard Shipping (5-7 days for destinations within the U.S.)
*Free Curbside Pickup*
Movie Rate - $3.99
Book Rate - $3.99
Puzzle Rate - $5.99
Small Game / Toy Rate - $7.99
Large Game / Toy Rate - $13.99


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The upside of downsizing
In business, downsizing isn't a word that anyone wants to hear, but in real estate it provides homeowners with a wealth of opportunities. Every year, millions of people are electing to purchase a property that's smaller than the one they currently own. Whether you're switching to a smaller space because the size of your family is changing, or you want a lower-maintenance home for retirement, there are plenty of upsides to downsizing.
Access your equity
Downsizing is an excellent way to convert your home equity into capital that you can put towards what your family needs (like a vacation home or a better retirement lifestyle). Whatever your goal, don't forget that in some cases, swapping a 3,500 sq. ft. split-level in the suburbs for a 1,800 sq. ft. space in the heart of downtown may leave you with little financial room to spare. It's best to assess the value of your home and any desired properties with your REALTOR® first.
Travel more, mow less
One key benefit that attracts homeowners to townhouses and condos is the convenience of maintenance-free living. Less space means less time spent cleaning. Sure, you'll still have to do laundry, but to permanently cross off outdoor chores from your to do list might be just the incentive you need to include the yard tools in the sale of your property. Plus, you may be inspired to use all your new free time to take a well-deserved holiday. Or two. The best part is, no one will know you're on vacation by the state of your front yard.
Eliminate empty room syndrome
How many rooms does your home have? Of those, how many of them do you actually use? Take a tour around your home and assess how much space you use on a regular basis. If it's 100%, stay put; if it's 65% or less, you could be suffering from empty room syndrome. The average size of a home has almost doubled in the past 30 years, yet the average family size keeps on shrinking. Having too much space creates an imbalance that costs more than just time and money—it also means there's more stuff to organize and dust.
The size of your new home isn't the only thing that matters. When you're planning to scale down your square footage, consider choosing a location that brings you closer to the places you regularly go—family, friends, work, shops—so that you'll cut back on travel time and expenses. Better still, opt for an area that takes it a step further and places everything within walking distance; your heart will thank you for it.
Think green
Corporations downsize to save money – why not follow their example? A smaller space can mean reduced mortgage payments and taxes. Less square footage requires less heat, light and AC, which means you'll spend less on energy. It all adds up to savings that can help the environment and keep some cash in your pocket.
Accessibility and comfort
Moving to a smaller home, townhouse or condo can also provide you with the added benefit of stair-free living. In fact, developers are responding to the increased demand for accessible living spaces by building single-level suites and properties with residential elevators so that homebuyers can move into a space that will allow them to age gracefully and comfortably.
Peace of mind
Most people have discovered that the longer downsizing is put off, the harder it gets. Savvy homebuyers start thinking about finding a smaller property long before the last child leaves the nest – or maintenance-free living becomes a necessity. A large number of townhouse and condominium communities offer on-site features that few detached dwellings do. From fitness centres to party rooms to guest parking, you can simplify your surroundings while still enjoying the comforts of living large. Best of all, condos provide the added benefit of entryway video monitoring and, in many cases, a concierge.
Reduce, reuse, rejuvenate
The benefits of reducing your living space increases exponentially when you combine them with clearing out the clutter, opting for multipurpose furnishings and fully exploring what you want out of a home. Many downsizers who dreaded moving into a smaller home are enjoying a freedom they haven't experienced since long before the kids arrived.
While downsizing can be a daunting task, it can be used successfully to help you increase cash flow and convenience – and enjoy a simpler way of living.
Trademarks owned or controlled by The Canadian Real Estate Association. Used under licence.


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New Cole-5stars-04_01_17-02:01:24
Elaine demonstrates a high level of competency in the skills and knowledge required. She needs a minimal amount of supervision to fulfill her responsibilities. She displays a better than usual understanding of the interrelationship between her job and the jobs of others. Elaine is knowledgeable about current developments in her field. She effectively uses the resources and tools available to her . However, it sometimes takes her too long to learn and apply new skills.