text:
Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
use Test::More tests => 23;
# or
use Test::More skip_all => $reason;
# or
use Test::More; # see done_testing()
require_ok( 'Some::Module' );
# Various ways to say "ok"
ok($got eq $expected, $test_name);
is ($got, $expected, $test_name);
isnt($got, $expected, $test_name);
# Rather than print STDERR "# here's what went wrong\n"
diag("here's what went wrong");
like ($got, qr/expected/, $test_name);
unlike($got, qr/expected/, $test_name);
cmp_ok($got, '==', $expected, $test_name);
is_deeply($got_complex_structure, $expected_complex_structure, $test_name);
skip $why, $how_many unless $have_some_feature;
ok( foo(), $test_name );
is( foo(42), 23, $test_name );
local $TODO = $why;
ok( foo(), $test_name );
is( foo(42), 23, $test_name );
can_ok($module, @methods);
isa_ok($object, $class);
my @status = Test::More::status;
STOP! If you're just getting started writing tests, have a look at Test::Simple first. This is a drop in replacement for Test::Simple which you can switch to once you get the hang of basic testing.
The purpose of this module is to provide a wide range of testing utilities. Various ways to say "ok" with better diagnostics, facilities to skip tests, test future features and compare complicated data structures. While you can do almost anything with a simple ok()
function, it doesn't provide good diagnostic output.
Before anything else, you need a testing plan. This basically declares how many tests your script is going to run to protect against premature failure.
The preferred way to do this is to declare a plan when you use Test::More
use Test::More tests => 23;
There are cases when you will not know beforehand how many tests your script is going to run. In this case, you can declare your tests at the end.
use Test::More;
... run your tests ...
done_testing( $number_of_tests_run );
Sometimes you really don't know how many tests were run, or it's too difficult to calculate. In which case you can leave off $number_of_tests_run.
In some cases, you'll want to completely skip an entire testing script.
use Test::More skip_all => $skip_reason;
Your script will declare a skip with the reason why you skipped and exit immediately with a zero (success). See Test::Harness for details.
If you want to control what functions Test::More will export, you have to use the 'import' option. For example, to import everything but 'fail', you'd do:
use Test::More tests => 23, import => ['!fail'];
Alternatively, you can use the plan()
function. Useful for when you have to calculate the number of tests.
use Test::More;
plan tests => keys %Stuff * 3;
or for deciding between running the tests at all:
use Test::More;
if( $^O eq 'MacOS' ) {
plan skip_all => 'Test irrelevant on MacOS';
else {
plan tests => 42;
If you don't know how many tests you're going to run, you can issue the plan when you're done running tests.
$number_of_tests is the same as plan()
, it's the number of tests you expected to run. You can omit this, in which case the number of tests you ran doesn't matter, just the fact that your tests ran to conclusion.
This is safer than and replaces the "no_plan" plan.
By convention, each test is assigned a number in order. This is largely done automatically for you. However, it's often very useful to assign a name to each test. Which would you rather see:
ok 4
not ok 5
ok 6
ok 4 - basic multi-variable
not ok 5 - simple exponential
ok 6 - force == mass * acceleration
The later gives you some idea of what failed. It also makes it easier to find the test in your script, simply search for "simple exponential".
All test functions take a name argument. It's optional, but highly suggested that you use it.
The basic purpose of this module is to print out either "ok #" or "not ok #" depending on if a given test succeeded or failed. Everything else is just gravy.
All of the following print "ok" or "not ok" depending on if the test succeeded or failed. They all also return true or false, respectively.
ok($got eq $expected, $test_name);
This simply evaluates any expression ($got eq $expected
is just a simple example) and uses that to determine if the test succeeded or failed. A true expression passes, a false one fails. Very simple.
For example:
ok( $exp{9} == 81, 'simple exponential' );
ok( Film->can('db_Main'), 'set_db()' );
ok( $p->tests == 4, 'saw tests' );
ok( !grep(!defined $_, @items), 'all items defined' );
(Mnemonic: "This is ok.")
$test_name is a very short description of the test that will be printed out. It makes it very easy to find a test in your script when it fails and gives others an idea of your intentions. $test_name is optional, but we very strongly encourage its use.
Should an ok()
fail, it will produce some diagnostics:
not ok 18 - sufficient mucus
# Failed test 'sufficient mucus'
# in foo.t at line 42.
This is the same as Test::Simple's ok()
is ( $got, $expected, $test_name );
isnt( $got, $expected, $test_name );
Similar to ok()
, is()
and isnt()
compare their two arguments with eq
and ne
respectively and use the result of that to determine if the test succeeded or failed. So these:
# Is the ultimate answer 42?
is( ultimate_answer(), 42, "Meaning of Life" );
# $foo isn't empty
isnt( $foo, '', "Got some foo" );
are similar to these:
ok( ultimate_answer() eq 42, "Meaning of Life" );
ok( $foo ne '', "Got some foo" );
will only ever match undef
. So you can test a value against undef
like this:
is($not_defined, undef, "undefined as expected");
(Mnemonic: "This is that." "This isn't that.")
So why use these? They produce better diagnostics on failure. ok()
cannot know what you are testing for (beyond the name), but is()
and isnt()
know what the test was and why it failed. For example this test:
my $foo = 'waffle'; my $bar = 'yarblokos';
is( $foo, $bar, 'Is foo the same as bar?' );
Will produce something like this:
not ok 17 - Is foo the same as bar?
# Failed test 'Is foo the same as bar?'
# in foo.t at line 139.
# got: 'waffle'
# expected: 'yarblokos'
So you can figure out what went wrong without rerunning the test.
You are encouraged to use is()
and isnt()
over ok()
where possible, however do not be tempted to use them to find out if something is true or false!
is( exists $brooklyn{tree}, 1, 'A tree grows in Brooklyn' );
This does not check if exists $brooklyn{tree}
is true, it checks if it returns 1. Very different. Similar caveats exist for false and 0. In these cases, use ok()
ok( exists $brooklyn{tree}, 'A tree grows in Brooklyn' );
A simple call to isnt()
usually does not provide a strong test but there are cases when you cannot say much more about a value than that it is different from some other value:
new_ok $obj, "Foo";
my $clone = $obj->clone;
isa_ok $obj, "Foo", "Foo->clone";
isnt $obj, $clone, "clone() produces a different object";
For those grammatical pedants out there, there's an isn't()
function which is an alias of isnt()
like( $got, qr/expected/, $test_name );
Similar to ok()
, like()
matches $got against the regex qr/expected/
So this:
like($got, qr/expected/, 'this is like that');
is similar to:
ok( $got =~ m/expected/, 'this is like that');
(Mnemonic "This is like that".)
The second argument is a regular expression. It may be given as a regex reference (i.e. qr//
) or (for better compatibility with older perls) as a string that looks like a regex (alternative delimiters are currently not supported):
like( $got, '/expected/', 'this is like that' );
Regex options may be placed on the end ('/expected/i'
Its advantages over ok()
are similar to that of is()
and isnt()
. Better diagnostics on failure.
unlike( $got, qr/expected/, $test_name );
Works exactly as like()
, only it checks if $got does not match the given pattern.
cmp_ok( $got, $op, $expected, $test_name );
Halfway between ok()
and is()
lies cmp_ok()
. This allows you to compare two arguments using any binary perl operator. The test passes if the comparison is true and fails otherwise.
# ok( $got eq $expected );
cmp_ok( $got, 'eq', $expected, 'this eq that' );
# ok( $got == $expected );
cmp_ok( $got, '==', $expected, 'this == that' );
# ok( $got && $expected );
cmp_ok( $got, '&&', $expected, 'this && that' );
Its advantage over ok()
is when the test fails you'll know what $got and $expected were:
not ok 1
# Failed test in foo.t at line 12.
# '23'
# &&
# undef
It's also useful in those cases where you are comparing numbers and is()
's use of eq
will interfere:
cmp_ok( $big_hairy_number, '==', $another_big_hairy_number );
It's especially useful when comparing greater-than or smaller-than relation between values:
cmp_ok( $some_value, '<=', $upper_limit );
can_ok($module, @methods);
can_ok($object, @methods);
Checks to make sure the $module or $object can do these @methods (works with functions, too).
can_ok('Foo', qw(this that whatever));
is almost exactly like saying:
ok( Foo->can('this') &&
Foo->can('that') &&
only without all the typing and with a better interface. Handy for quickly testing an interface.
No matter how many @methods you check, a single can_ok()
call counts as one test. If you desire otherwise, use:
foreach my $meth (@methods) {
can_ok('Foo', $meth);
isa_ok($object, $class, $object_name);
isa_ok($subclass, $class, $object_name);
isa_ok($ref, $type, $ref_name);
Checks to see if the given $object->isa($class)
. Also checks to make sure the object was defined in the first place. Handy for this sort of thing:
my $obj = Some::Module->new;
isa_ok( $obj, 'Some::Module' );
where you'd otherwise have to write
my $obj = Some::Module->new;
ok( defined $obj && $obj->isa('Some::Module') );
to safeguard against your test script blowing up.
You can also test a class, to make sure that it has the right ancestor:
isa_ok( 'Vole', 'Rodent' );
It works on references, too:
isa_ok( $array_ref, 'ARRAY' );
The diagnostics of this test normally just refer to 'the object'. If you'd like them to be more specific, you can supply an $object_name (for example 'Test customer').
my $obj = new_ok( $class );
my $obj = new_ok( $class => \@args );
my $obj = new_ok( $class => \@args, $object_name );
A convenience function which combines creating an object and calling isa_ok()
on that object.
It is basically equivalent to:
my $obj = $class->new(@args);
isa_ok $obj, $class, $object_name;
If @args is not given, an empty list will be used.
This function only works on new()
and it assumes new()
will return just a single object which isa $class
subtest $name => \&code;
runs the &code as its own little test with its own plan and its own result. The main test counts this as a single test using the result of the whole subtest to determine if its ok or not ok.
For example...
use Test::More tests => 3;
pass("First test");
subtest 'An example subtest' => sub {
plan tests => 2;
pass("This is a subtest");
pass("So is this");
pass("Third test");
This would produce.
ok 1 - First test
# Subtest: An example subtest
ok 1 - This is a subtest
ok 2 - So is this
ok 2 - An example subtest
ok 3 - Third test
A subtest may call skip_all
. No tests will be run, but the subtest is considered a skip.
subtest 'skippy' => sub {
plan skip_all => 'cuz I said so';
pass('this test will never be run');
Returns true if the subtest passed, false otherwise.
Due to how subtests work, you may omit a plan if you desire. This adds an implicit done_testing()
to the end of your subtest. The following two subtests are equivalent:
subtest 'subtest with implicit done_testing()', sub {
ok 1, 'subtests with an implicit done testing should work';
ok 1, '... and support more than one test';
ok 1, '... no matter how many tests are run';
subtest 'subtest with explicit done_testing()', sub {
ok 1, 'subtests with an explicit done testing should work';
ok 1, '... and support more than one test';
ok 1, '... no matter how many tests are run';
Sometimes you just want to say that the tests have passed. Usually the case is you've got some complicated condition that is difficult to wedge into an ok()
. In this case, you can simply use pass()
(to declare the test ok) or fail (for not ok). They are synonyms for ok(1)
and ok(0)
Use these very, very, very sparingly.
Sometimes you want to test if a module, or a list of modules, can successfully load. For example, you'll often want a first test which simply loads all the modules in the distribution to make sure they work before going on to do more complicated testing.
For such purposes we have use_ok
and require_ok
Tries to require
the given $module or $file. If it loads successfully, the test will pass. Otherwise it fails and displays the load error.
will guess whether the input is a module name or a filename.
No exception will be thrown if the load fails.
# require Some::Module
require_ok "Some::Module";
# require "Some/File.pl";
require_ok "Some/File.pl";
# stop testing if any of your modules will not load
for my $module (@module) {
require_ok $module or BAIL_OUT "Can't load $module";
BEGIN { use_ok($module); }
BEGIN { use_ok($module, @imports); }
Like require_ok
, but it will use
the $module in question and only loads modules, not files.
If you just want to test a module can be loaded, use require_ok
If you just want to load a module in a test, we recommend simply using use
directly. It will cause the test to stop.
It's recommended that you run use_ok()
inside a BEGIN block so its functions are exported at compile-time and prototypes are properly honored.
If @imports are given, they are passed through to the use. So this:
BEGIN { use_ok('Some::Module', qw(foo bar)) }
is like doing this:
use Some::Module qw(foo bar);
Version numbers can be checked like so:
# Just like "use Some::Module 1.02"
BEGIN { use_ok('Some::Module', 1.02) }
Don't try to do this:
...some code that depends on the use...
...happening at compile time...
because the notion of "compile-time" is relative. Instead, you want:
BEGIN { use_ok('Some::Module') }
BEGIN { ...some code that depends on the use... }
If you want the equivalent of use Foo ()
, use a module but not import anything, use require_ok
BEGIN { require_ok "Foo" }
Not everything is a simple eq check or regex. There are times you need to see if two data structures are equivalent. For these instances Test::More provides a handful of useful functions.
NOTE I'm not quite sure what will happen with filehandles.
is_deeply( $got, $expected, $test_name );
Similar to is()
, except that if $got and $expected are references, it does a deep comparison walking each data structure to see if they are equivalent. If the two structures are different, it will display the place where they start differing.
compares the dereferenced values of references, the references themselves (except for their type) are ignored. This means aspects such as blessing and ties are not considered "different".
currently has very limited handling of function reference and globs. It merely checks if they have the same referent. This may improve in the future.
Test::Differences and Test::Deep provide more in-depth functionality along these lines.
If you pick the right test function, you'll usually get a good idea of what went wrong when it failed. But sometimes it doesn't work out that way. So here we have ways for you to write your own diagnostic messages which are safer than just print STDERR
Prints a diagnostic message which is guaranteed not to interfere with test output. Like print
@diagnostic_message is simply concatenated together.
Returns false, so as to preserve failure.
Handy for this sort of thing:
ok( grep(/foo/, @users), "There's a foo user" ) or
diag("Since there's no foo, check that /etc/bar is set up right");
which would produce:
not ok 42 - There's a foo user
# Failed test 'There's a foo user'
# in foo.t at line 52.
# Since there's no foo, check that /etc/bar is set up right.
You might remember ok() or diag()
with the mnemonic open() or die()
NOTE The exact formatting of the diagnostic output is still changing, but it is guaranteed that whatever you throw at it won't interfere with the test.
Like diag()
, except the message will not be seen when the test is run in a harness. It will only be visible in the verbose TAP stream.
Handy for putting in notes which might be useful for debugging, but don't indicate a problem.
note("Tempfile is $tempfile");
my @dump = explain @diagnostic_message;
Will dump the contents of any references in a human readable format. Usually you want to pass this into note
or diag
Handy for things like...
is_deeply($have, $want) || diag explain $have;
note explain \%args;
Sometimes running a test under certain conditions will cause the test script to die. A certain function or method isn't implemented (such as fork()
on MacOS), some resource isn't available (like a net connection) or a module isn't available. In these cases it's necessary to skip tests, or declare that they are supposed to fail but will work in the future (a todo test).
For more details on the mechanics of skip and todo tests see Test::Harness.
The way Test::More handles this is with a named block. Basically, a block of tests which can be skipped over or made todo. It's best if I just show you...
skip $why, $how_many if $condition;
...normal testing code goes here...
This declares a block of tests that might be skipped, $how_many tests there are, $why and under what $condition to skip them. An example is the easiest way to illustrate:
eval { require HTML::Lint };
skip "HTML::Lint not installed", 2 if $@;
my $lint = new HTML::Lint;
isa_ok( $lint, "HTML::Lint" );
$lint->parse( $html );
is( $lint->errors, 0, "No errors found in HTML" );
If the user does not have HTML::Lint installed, the whole block of code won't be run at all. Test::More will output special ok's which Test::Harness interprets as skipped, but passing, tests.
It's important that $how_many accurately reflects the number of tests in the SKIP block so the # of tests run will match up with your plan. If your plan is no_plan
$how_many is optional and will default to 1.
It's perfectly safe to nest SKIP blocks. Each SKIP block must have the label SKIP
, or Test::More can't work its magic.
You don't skip tests which are failing because there's a bug in your program, or for which you don't yet have code written. For that you use TODO. Read on.
local $TODO = $why if $condition;
...normal testing code goes here...
Declares a block of tests you expect to fail and $why. Perhaps it's because you haven't fixed a bug or haven't finished a new feature:
local $TODO = "URI::Geller not finished";
my $card = "Eight of clubs";
is( URI::Geller->your_card, $card, 'Is THIS your card?' );
my $spoon;
is( $spoon, 'bent', "Spoon bending, that's original" );
With a todo block, the tests inside are expected to fail. Test::More will run the tests normally, but print out special flags indicating they are "todo". Test::Harness will interpret failures as being ok. Should anything succeed, it will report it as an unexpected success. You then know the thing you had todo is done and can remove the TODO flag.
The nice part about todo tests, as opposed to simply commenting out a block of tests, is it's like having a programmatic todo list. You know how much work is left to be done, you're aware of what bugs there are, and you'll know immediately when they're fixed.
Once a todo test starts succeeding, simply move it outside the block. When the block is empty, delete it.
todo_skip $why, $how_many if $condition;
...normal testing code...
With todo tests, it's best to have the tests actually run. That way you'll know when they start passing. Sometimes this isn't possible. Often a failing test will cause the whole program to die or hang, even inside an eval BLOCK
with and using alarm
. In these extreme cases you have no choice but to skip over the broken tests entirely.
The syntax and behavior is similar to a SKIP: BLOCK
except the tests will be marked as failing but todo. Test::Harness will interpret them as passing.
If it's something the user might not be able to do, use SKIP. This includes optional modules that aren't installed, running under an OS that doesn't have some feature (like fork()
or symlinks), or maybe you need an Internet connection and one isn't available.
If it's something the programmer hasn't done yet, use TODO. This is for any code you haven't written yet, or bugs you have yet to fix, but want to put tests in your testing script (always a good idea).
Indicates to the harness that things are going so badly all testing should terminate. This includes the running of any additional test scripts.
This is typically used when testing cannot continue such as a critical module failing to compile or a necessary external utility not being available such as a database connection failing.
The test will exit with 255.
For even better control look at Test::Most.
The use of the following functions is discouraged as they are not actually testing functions and produce no diagnostics to help figure out what went wrong. They were written before is_deeply()
existed because I couldn't figure out how to display a useful diff of two arbitrary data structures.
These functions are usually used inside an ok()
ok( eq_array(\@got, \@expected) );
can do that better and with diagnostics.
is_deeply( \@got, \@expected );
They may be deprecated in future versions.
my $is_eq = eq_array(\@got, \@expected);
Checks if two arrays are equivalent. This is a deep check, so multi-level structures are handled correctly.
my $is_eq = eq_hash(\%got, \%expected);
Determines if the two hashes contain the same keys and values. This is a deep check.
my $is_eq = eq_set(\@got, \@expected);
Similar to eq_array()
, except the order of the elements is not important. This is a deep check, but the irrelevancy of order only applies to the top level.
ok( eq_set(\@got, \@expected) );
Is better written:
is_deeply( [sort @got], [sort @expected] );
NOTE By historical accident, this is not a true set comparison. While the order of elements does not matter, duplicate elements do.
NOTE eq_set()
does not know how to deal with references at the top level. The following is an example of a comparison which might not work:
eq_set([\1, \2], [\2, \1]);
Test::Deep contains much better set comparison functions.
Sometimes the Test::More interface isn't quite enough. Fortunately, Test::More is built on top of Test::Builder which provides a single, unified backend for any test library to use. This means two test libraries which both use <Test::Builder> can be used together in the same program>.
If you simply want to do a little tweaking of how the tests behave, you can access the underlying Test::Builder object like so:
my $test_builder = Test::More->builder;
Returns the Test::Builder object underlying Test::More for you to play with.
If all your tests passed, Test::Builder will exit with zero (which is normal). If anything failed it will exit with how many failed. If you run less (or more) tests than you planned, the missing (or extras) will be considered failures. If no tests were ever run Test::Builder will throw a warning and exit with 255. If the test died, even after having successfully completed all its tests, it will still be considered a failure and will exit with 255.
So the exit codes are...
0 all tests successful
255 test died or all passed but wrong # of tests run
any other number how many failed (including missing or extras)
If you fail more than 254 tests, it will be reported as 254.
NOTE This behavior may go away in future versions.
Test::More works with Perls as old as 5.8.1.
Thread support is not very reliable before 5.10.1, but that's because threads are not very reliable before 5.10.1.
Although Test::More has been a core module in versions of Perl since 5.6.2, Test::More has evolved since then, and not all of the features you're used to will be present in the shipped version of Test::More. If you are writing a module, don't forget to indicate in your package metadata the minimum version of Test::More that you require. For instance, if you want to use done_testing()
but want your test script to run on Perl 5.10.0, you will need to explicitly require Test::More > 0.88.
Key feature milestones include:
Subtests were released in Test::More 0.94, which came with Perl 5.12.0. Subtests did not implicitly call done_testing()
until 0.96; the first Perl with that fix was Perl 5.14.0 with 0.98.
This was released in Test::More 0.88 and first shipped with Perl in 5.10.1 as part of Test::More 0.92.
Although cmp_ok()
was introduced in 0.40, 0.86 fixed an important bug to make it safe for overloaded objects; the fixed first shipped with Perl in 5.10.1 as part of Test::More 0.92.
and explain()
These were was released in Test::More 0.82, and first shipped with Perl in 5.10.1 as part of Test::More 0.92.
There is a full version history in the Changes file, and the Test::More versions included as core can be found using Module::CoreList:
$ corelist -a Test::More
If you use utf8 or other non-ASCII characters with Test::More you might get a "Wide character in print" warning. Using binmode STDOUT, ":utf8"
will not fix it. Test::Builder (which powers Test::More) duplicates STDOUT and STDERR. So any changes to them, including changing their output disciplines, will not be seem by Test::More.
One work around is to apply encodings to STDOUT and STDERR as early as possible and before Test::More (or any other Test module) loads.
use open ':std', ':encoding(utf8)';
use Test::More;
A more direct work around is to change the filehandles used by Test::Builder.
my $builder = Test::More->builder;
binmode $builder->output, ":encoding(utf8)";
binmode $builder->failure_output, ":encoding(utf8)";
binmode $builder->todo_output, ":encoding(utf8)";
String overloaded objects are compared as strings (or in cmp_ok()
's case, strings or numbers as appropriate to the comparison op). This prevents Test::More from piercing an object's interface allowing better blackbox testing. So if a function starts returning overloaded objects instead of bare strings your tests won't notice the difference. This is good.
However, it does mean that functions like is_deeply()
cannot be used to test the internals of string overloaded objects. In this case I would suggest Test::Deep which contains more flexible testing functions for complex data structures.
Test::More will only be aware of threads if use threads
has been done before Test::More is loaded. This is ok:
use threads;
use Test::More;
This may cause problems:
use Test::More
use threads;
5.8.1 and above are supported. Anything below that has too many bugs.
This is a case of convergent evolution with Joshua Pritikin's Test module. I was largely unaware of its existence when I'd first written my own ok()
routines. This module exists because I can't figure out how to easily wedge test names into Test's interface (along with a few other problems).
The goal here is to have a testing utility that's simple to learn, quick to use and difficult to trip yourself up with while still providing more flexibility than the existing Test.pm. As such, the names of the most common routines are kept tiny, special cases and magic side-effects are kept to a minimum. WYSIWYG.
Test::Simple if all this confuses you and you just want to write some tests. You can upgrade to Test::More later (it's forward compatible).
Test::Legacy tests written with Test.pm, the original testing module, do not play well with other testing libraries. Test::Legacy emulates the Test.pm interface and does play well with others.
Fennec The Fennec framework is a testers toolbox. It uses Test::Builder under the hood. It brings enhancements for forking, defining state, and mocking. Fennec enhances several modules to work better together than they would if you loaded them individually on your own.
Fennec::Declare Provides enhanced (Devel::Declare) syntax for Fennec.
Test::Differences for more ways to test complex data structures. And it plays well with Test::More.
Test::Class is like xUnit but more perlish.
Test::Deep gives you more powerful complex data structure testing.
Test::Inline shows the idea of embedded testing.
Mock::Quick The ultimate mocking library. Easily spawn objects defined on the fly. Can also override, block, or reimplement packages as needed.
Test::FixtureBuilder Quickly define fixture data for unit tests.
Test::Harness is the test runner and output interpreter for Perl. It's the thing that powers make test
and where the prove
utility comes from.
Bundle::Test installs a whole bunch of useful test modules.
Test::Most Most commonly needed test functions and features.
Michael G Schwern <email@example.com> with much inspiration from Joshua Pritikin's Test module and lots of help from Barrie Slaymaker, Tony Bowden, blackstar.co.uk, chromatic, Fergal Daly and the perl-qa gang.
See http://rt.cpan.org to report and view bugs.
The source code repository for Test::More can be found at http://github.com/Test-More/test-more/.
Copyright 2001-2008 by Michael G Schwern <email@example.com>.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
See http://www.perl.com/perl/misc/Artistic.html


text:
Shipping is completely free within the UK!
Unfortunately, we don't currently ship internationally.
We aim to process all orders within 48 hours where the item is shown as "in stock".
Most orders will take between 2-3 working days to arrive.
Some out of stock items can be "ordered on demand". These items will be ordered from our supplier and dispatched to you when the stock arrives. Orders containing ordered on demand items can take between 5-14 working days to be processed, depending on stock availability.

subset: commoncrawl


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We use cookies to help provide you with the best possible online experience.
By using this site, you agree that we may store and access cookies on your device. Cookie policy.
Cookie settings.
Functional Cookies
Functional Cookies are enabled by default at all times so that we can save your preferences for cookie settings and ensure site works and delivers best experience.
3rd Party Cookies
This website uses Google Analytics to collect anonymous information such as the number of visitors to the site, and the most popular pages.
Keeping this cookie enabled helps us to improve our website.
Your Blood Pressure
A blood pressure test is a simple way of checking if your blood pressure is too high or too low.
Blood pressure is the term used to describe the strength with which your blood pushes on the sides of your arteries as it's pumped around your body.
High blood pressure (hypertension) can put a strain on your arteries and organs, which can increase your risk of developing serious problems such as heart attacks and strokes.
Low blood pressure (hypotension) isn't usually as serious, although it can cause dizziness and fainting in some people.
A blood pressure test is the only way to find out if your blood pressure is too high or too low, because most people won't have any obvious symptoms. Having a test is easy and could save your life.
Calculate Your Average Blood Pressure
When should I get my blood pressure tested?
You can ask for a blood pressure test if you're worried about your blood pressure at any point.
You can get your blood pressure tested at a number of places, including:
- at your local GP surgery
- at some pharmacies
- in some workplaces
- at home (see home blood pressure testing below)
- at an NHS Health Check appointment offered to adults in England aged 40-74
It's recommended that all adults over 40 years of age have their blood pressure tested at least every five years so any potential problems can be detected early.
If you've already been diagnosed with high or low blood pressure, or you're at a particularly high risk of these problems, you may need to have more frequent tests to monitor your blood pressure.
How blood pressure is tested
A device called a sphygmomanometer will be used to measure your blood pressure.
This usually consists of a stethoscope, arm cuff, pump and dial, although automatic devices that use sensors and have a digital display are also commonly used nowadays.
It's best to sit down with your back supported and legs uncrossed for the test. You'll usually need to roll up your sleeves or remove any long-sleeved clothing, so the cuff can be placed around your upper arm. Try to relax and avoid talking while the test is carried out.
During the test:
- you hold out one of your arms so it's at the same level as your heart, and the cuff is placed around it – your arm should be supported in this position, such as with a cushion or arm of a chair
- the cuff is pumped up to restrict the blood flow in your arm – this squeezing may feel a bit uncomfortable, but only lasts a few seconds
- the pressure in the cuff is slowly released while a stethoscope is used to listen to your pulse (digital devices use sensors to detect vibrations in your arteries)
- the pressure in the cuff is recorded at two points as the blood flow starts to return to your arm – these measurements are used to give your blood pressure reading (see below)
You can usually find out your result straight away, either from the healthcare professional carrying out the test or on the digital display.
Home blood pressure monitoring
Blood pressure tests can also be carried out at home using your own digital blood pressure monitor.
This can give a better reflection of your blood pressure, as being tested in somewhere like a GP surgery can make you feel anxious and can affect the result. It can also allow you to monitor your condition more easily in the long term.
You can buy a variety of low-cost monitors so you can test your blood pressure at home or while you're out and about.
It's important to make sure you use equipment that has been properly tested. The British Hypertension Society (BHS) has information about validated blood pressure monitors that are available to buy.
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
In some cases, your doctor may recommend 24-hour or ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM).
This is where your blood pressure is tested automatically around every 30 minutes over a 24-hour period using a cuff attached to a portable device worn on your waist.
ABPM can help to give a clear picture of how your blood pressure changes over the course of a day.
You should continue with your normal daily activities during the test, although you must avoid getting the equipment wet.
Understanding your blood pressure reading
Blood pressure is measured in millimetres of mercury (mmHg) and is given as two figures:
- systolic pressure – the pressure when your heart pushes blood out
- diastolic pressure – the pressure when your heart rests between beats
For example, if your blood pressure is "140 over 90" or 140/90mmHg, it means you have a systolic pressure of 140mmHg and a diastolic pressure of 90mmHg.
As a general guide:
- normal blood pressure is considered to be between 90/60mmHg and 120/80mmHg
- high blood pressure is considered to be 140/90mmHg or higher
- low blood pressure is considered to be 90/60mmHg or lower
A blood pressure reading between 120/80mmHg and 140/90mmHg could mean you're at risk of developing high blood pressure if you don't take steps to keep your blood pressure under control.
Find out more about what your blood pressure result means.
Controlling your blood pressure
If your blood pressure is found to be too high or too low, your GP or the healthcare professional performing the test can advise you about ways to control it.
This may involve:
- adopting a healthy, balanced diet and restricting your salt intake
- getting regular exercise
- cutting down on alcohol
- losing weight
- stopping smoking
- taking medication, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or calcium channel blockers
In some cases, you may be referred to a doctor such as a cardiologist (heart specialist) to discuss treatment options.
Read more about treating high blood pressure and treating low blood pressure.


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Rimrock Foundation
1231 N 29th St, Billings, MT, 59101
MEDICAL ADVICE DISCLAIMER: The service, and any information contained on the website or provided through the service, is provided for informational purposes only. The information contained on or provided through this service is intended for general consumer understanding and education and not as a substitute for medical or psychological advice, diagnosis, or treatment. All information provided on the website is presented as is without any warranty of any kind, and expressly excludes any warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.


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Laying the Foundation for Total Health
Chiropractic care is like building a house - certain things have to happen in a particular order in order for everything to stand strong and work correctly. When building a house, if you tried to put up your walls before you had a solid foundation, your walls would be weak and eventually collapse. If you tried to put on your roof before the walls were ready, you would run into the same problem. The same is true for your body. Your body has to go through a particular plan of care in order to repair itself correctly and fully. There are three general phases of chiropractic care:
Phase 1: Relief Care
If you are in pain when you come into our office, the first objective is to help you feel better. Depending on the severity of your problem, it is typical to need care two to three times per week for four to 12 weeks.
Phase 2: Corrective/Restorative Care
During the corrective care phase, muscles and other tissues are allowed to heal more completely, thereby helping prevent injury. It is typical to need care four to eight times per month for six to 24 months, depending on your overall health and the severity of your problem.
Phase 3: Wellness Care
Once your body has fully healed, it is important to come in for periodic adjustments to avoid problems in the future. Usually, this only requires a quick visit to the chiropractor one to four times per month, based on your lifestyle and goals.


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North Hill Bed and Breakfasts. Compare latest rates and Live availability for all your favourite places and places you have always wanted to go using our new My Shortlist feature. Click + to add to your Shortlist.
Cornwall Bed and Breakfasts. Cornwall is the most popular place in the UK for B&B and Guest House holidays. Beautiful Cornish fishing villages, historic harbours, scenic beaches, pirate tales, surf schools, deserted beaches, cliff top walks, Heritage Coastal Paths, Cornish Cream Teas and Cornish Pasties. Being in Cornwall is like being in another country. They even have their own language, Cornish which is making a comeback.
Our Bed and Breakfasts in Cornwall page is best explored by Scrolling down to the map and double click anywhere on the map to order Bed and Breakfasts by that point. Or choose from one of the map destinations.
Cornwall has some of the best surfing beaches in the UK including Bude and Woolacombe. Bocastle, has been restored to its full glory after its well reported floods. Other Cornish resorts are on the map and listed below.
You can also select from towns in Cornwall in a list, or use Search for the most accurate results.
Cornwall has 12 areas of Natural Beauty details upon http://www.cornwall-aonb.gov.uk/whereisaonb.html.
The Eden Project is one of the UKs most popular Attractions and exhibits biospheres containing vegetation from world EcoSystems. Its honesty cafeteria system is well worth the visit alone. Take a waterproof coat, a bottle of wine and culture yourself at the amazing outdoor Minack Theatre built out of the rock face whilst the actors perform rain or shine. The Lost Gardens of Heligan, Newquay Zoo and Tintagel Castle are well worth a visit.
The Isles of Scilly are a must. Stay in Penzance, I recommend Sophias and its amazing restaurant 5 mins from the Heliport where you can fly by Helicopter return to Tresco for £99. Or take the boat. On Tresco walk 10 mins to empty blue sea untouched sand beaches, you can walk round the Island 13 miles via the Coastal Path stopping at Juliets Garden Restaurant serving great food, where the birds will eat out of your hand. Hire bikes, or take the day boat trip to see all the Islands. (Written by website owner who has done all the above) - Amazing!
Lands End is the most westerly place in England, and the starting/finishing point for Road Trips, and Cycling Challenges to John O Groats the most nothernly place in the Uk. Lizard Point is the most southerly point. See map below.
Cornwalls county town is Truro home of Truro Cathedral. Unusally Truro is not the largest town in the County.The largest settlements in Cornwall in descending order are Cambourne/Redruth, St Austell, the county town Truro, Falmouth, Newquay, Penzance. Saltash, Bodmin, home to the mystical Beast of Bodmin, and Helston. There is one airport in Cornwall Newquay Airport.
North Cornwall contains wild waves the beaches a surfing paradise. Surf towns include Bude, Newquay and Woolacombe. The largest of these Newquay has many Hotels and Guest Houses and is famed for its beaches, Newquay Stag and Hen nights, its Surfing beaches. Fistral beach, and its numerous Festivals.
Cornwalls charm though is in its beautiful old fishing villages. Complete with tiny harbours, coves, old tea shops, taverns and inns. Stay in Looe and walk 4 miles along the coast to stunning Polperro and experience and a way of life long gone by. Other stunning Cornish places of old Fowey, Mousehole, and Port Isaac to name just a few.
Cornwall Bed and Breakfast, Cornwall Hotel, Cornwall Cottages, Cornwall Cheap Hotel accommodation suitable for a Cornwall Weekend Break, a Cornwall City Break, Cornwall Wedding Accommodation, Cornwall Self Catering Cottages Accommodation, Cornwall Cottages, Cornwall Walking, Cornwall Rambling, Cornwall Coastal Path Walking


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Periodontal disease (also called periodontitis and gum disease) has been linked to respiratory disease through recent research studies. Researchers have concluded that periodontal disease can worsen conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and may actually play a causal role in the contraction of pneumonia, bronchitis and emphysema.
Periodontal disease is a progressive condition which generally begins with a bacterial infection. The bacteria found in plaque begin to colonize in gingival tissue, causing an inflammatory response in which the body destroys both gum and bone tissue. The sufferer may notice the teeth "lengthening" as the gums recede while the disease progresses. If left untreated, erosion of the bone tissue brings about a less stable base for the teeth, meaning loose, shifting or complete tooth loss.
There are a number of different respiratory diseases linked to periodontal disease. Pneumonia, COPD, and bronchitis are among the most common. Generally, bacterial respiratory infections occur due to the inhalation of fine droplets from the mouth into the lungs. COPD is a leading cause of death and should be taken very seriously.
Reasons for the Connection
The fact that respiratory disease and periodontal disease are linked may seem far-fetched, but there is plenty of evidence to support it.
Here are some of the reasons for the link between periodontal disease and respiratory disease:
Diagnosis and Treatment
When respiratory disease and periodontal disease are both diagnosed in one individual, it is important for the dentist and doctor to function as a team to control both conditions. There are many non-surgical and surgical options available, depending on the specific condition of the teeth, gums and jaw.
The dentist is able to assess the extent of the inflammation and tissue loss and can treat the bacterial infection easily. Scaling procedures cleanse the pockets of debris and root planing smoothes the tooth root to eliminate any remaining bacteria. The dentist generally places antibiotics into the pockets after cleaning to promote good healing and reduce the risk of the infection returning.
Whichever treatment is deemed the most suitable, the benefits of controlling periodontal disease are two-fold. Firstly, any discomfort in the oral region will be reduced and the gums will be much healthier. Secondly, the frequent, unpleasant respiratory infections associated with COPD and other common respiratory problems will reduce in number.
If you have questions or concerns about respiratory disease or periodontal disease, please ask your dentist.
Excellent care from a professional staff!
Family oriented place with great staff! everyone is super friendly and very attentive to your needs. I will never go anywhere else!
Site Developed by ProSites.com


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A folktale library skeleton generator for Yeoman.
Getting Started
What is Yeoman?
Trick question. It's not a thing. It's this guy:
Basically, he wears a top hat, lives in your computer, and waits for you to tell him what kind of application you wish to create.
Not every new computer comes with a Yeoman pre-installed. He lives in the npm package repository. You only have to ask for him once, then he packs up and moves into your hard drive. Make sure you clean up, he likes new and shiny things.
$ npm install -g yo
Yeoman Generators
Yeoman travels light. He didn't pack any generators when he moved in. You can think of a generator like a plug-in. You get to choose what type of application you wish to create, such as a Backbone application or even a Chrome extension.
To install generator-library-skeleton from npm, run:
$ npm install -g generator-library-skeleton
Finally, initiate the generator:
$ yo library-skeleton
Getting To Know Yeoman
Yeoman has a heart of gold. He's a person with feelings and opinions, but he's very easy to work with. If you think he's too opinionated, he can be easily convinced.
If you'd like to get to know Yeoman better and meet some of his friends, Grunt and Bower, check out the complete Getting Started Guide.


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100% Wool Felt - Moss
100% Australian Fleece - Our Felt is sourced from local farms in Australia and New Zealand. By choosing our felt, you support sustainable practices while indulging in high quality felt.
Stretch-resistant and consistent density makes it the perfect choice for hobbyists, small business owners, and professional designers.
Choose sustainability. Our 100% Australian Wool Felt is non-toxic, ecologically friendly, and completely biodegradable.
Backorders? No worries! Occasionally, our felt may be temporarily out of stock but fear not, it's on its way! Rest assured, within 1-2 weeks, your eagerly awaited felt will arrive, making the wait totally worth it. And hey, if you order another in-stock item, we'll ship it separately to keep your crafting dreams going!
Step into a world of pure wooly wonder with our delightful 100% Wool Felt! Soft, snuggly, and bursting with vibrant colours, this felt is like a warm hug for your crafting projects. From whimsical creatures to funky accessories, let your imagination roam free and bring your felt-tastic dreams to life!
Pre cut sheets in 5 sizes
- 20cm x 30cm (8" x 12")
- 30cm x 40cm (12" x 16")
- 45cm x 50cm (18" x 20")
- 50cm x 90cm (20" x 36")
- 90cm x 100cm (36" x 40")
By the metre
100cm x WOF 180cm (40" x 72")
Purchase more than one unit will be sent as a continuous piece. For example, if you purchase 3 lots of 100cm x WOF 180cm (40" x 72") you will receive 3 metres by the WOF as one piece.
By the bolt
25 metres x WOF 180cm
On Request, please email firstname.lastname@example.com.
WOF = Width of Fabric
Composition - 100% Australian Wool
Thickness - 1-1.5mm
Non Toxic - Conform Öko-Tex Test no. 990585
Non Flammable - Euroclass, B s1 d0, ASTM E84, CLASS A
Pill Resistant - Degree 3 conform UNE-EN-ISO 12945-2-2001
Naturally Repels Bacteria
Care Instructions
Directly blot with a dry cloth or paper towel. If necessary, rinse with cold water and blot again until dry.


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DIAMETER: 70mm
Weight: 9.10 lbs
Whether your boat is sailing in either fresh or sea water is inevitably exposed to the hazards of corrosion. All Zimar metric shaft zinc anodes include copper contacts for permanent ground and stainless screws with washer retainers.
Zimar metric shaft zinc anodes weigh more than the competition, due to their higher quality and perform their cathodic protection job better.
Zimar shaft zincs meet the standards set forth by Mil-Spec A-18001, Mil-Spec A-18001A, and Mil-Spec A-18001K.
Do your products meet Mil-Spec?
Yes! Sacrificial anodes must be impurity-free to properly work, and all our anodes are made only from Mil-Spec alloys. Our zinc anodes are also compliant to ASTM B418 Type 1. Our Aluminum anodes conform to Mil-Spec A-24779(SH)
How much zinc do I need on my boat?
First, the larger the surface area of an anode, the higher its electrical current capacity and galvanic holding voltage. For most boats, you want your anode surface area to be sufficient to maintain all underwater metals between -900 mV and -1100 mV relative to a silver/silver-chloride reference electrode.
Second, the longevity of a sacrificial anode is a function of its weight -- the greater the weight the longer its life.
Due to differences in water salinity, temperature, stray currents, and other external influences, you only know the right weight by actual trial. Periodically inspect your zincs, and when they have corroded to under 50% their original weight they should be replaced. To lengthen the replacement interval, increase the weight of zincs used.
We've designed hundreds of corrosion protection solutions for metal boats and underwater metal structures such as docks, boat lifts, and retaining walls.
USPS Ground Shipping!USPS Priority Mail packages are usually delivered within 2 to 3 days to any destination within in the United States, including the Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. You may also specify a PO box or U.S. military address. The USPS delivers Monday through Saturday, and we email you the delivery confirmation we receive from them. We Ship International! For international shipments, we use USPS Priority Mail International Flat Rate Box service:
Click this USPS link for a list of countries we ship to: Index of Countries and Localities |
UPS Ground Shipping!If you select UPS Ground as your carrier, you receive a Tracking Number that lets you monitor your shipment's progress at www.ups.com. Please note that UPS delivers Monday-Friday only and cannot deliver to PO boxes. |
FedEx Ground ShippingWe offer FedEx Ground Shipping option upon request. Please contact us by filling a contact form or phone (754) 223-2297 before placing your order. |
The Zinc Guy Local Shipping |


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(The following history is from the U.S. Department of Veteran's Affairs website
supplemented with local photographs from the collections of TVHS)
World War I – known at the time as "The Great War" - officially ended when the Treaty of Versailles was signed on June 28, 1919, in the Palace of Versailles outside the town of Versailles, France. However, fighting ceased seven months earlier when an armistice, or temporary cessation of hostilities, between the Allied nations and Germany went into effect on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month. For that reason, November 11, 1918, is generally regarded as the end of "the war to end all wars."
In November 1919, President Wilson proclaimed November 11 as the first commemoration of Armistice Day with the following words: "To us in America, the reflections of Armistice Day will be filled with solemn pride in the heroism of those who died in the country's service and with gratitude for the victory, both because of the thing from which it has freed us and because of the opportunity it has given America to show her sympathy with peace and justice in the councils of the nations…"
The original concept for the celebration was for a day observed with parades and public meetings and a brief suspension of business beginning at 11:00 a.m.
The United States Congress officially recognized the end of World War I when it passed a concurrent resolution on June 4, 1926, with these words:
Whereas the 11th of November 1918, marked the cessation of the most destructive, sanguinary, and far reaching war in human annals and the resumption by the people of the United States of peaceful relations with other nations, which we hope may never again be severed, and
Whereas it is fitting that the recurring anniversary of this date should be commemorated with thanksgiving and prayer and exercises designed to perpetuate peace through good will and mutual understanding between nations; and
Whereas the legislatures of twenty-seven of our States have already declared November 11 to be a legal holiday: Therefore be it Resolved by the Senate (the House of Representatives concurring), that the President of the United States is requested to issue a proclamation calling upon the officials to display the flag of the United States on all Government buildings on November 11 and inviting the people of the United States to observe the day in schools and churches, or other suitable places, with appropriate ceremonies of friendly relations with all other peoples.
An Act (52 Stat. 351; 5 U. S. Code, Sec. 87a) approved May 13, 1938, made the 11th of November in each year a legal holiday—a day to be dedicated to the cause of world peace and to be thereafter celebrated and known as "Armistice Day." Armistice Day was primarily a day set aside to honor veterans of World War I, but in 1954, after World War II had required the greatest mobilization of soldiers, sailors, Marines and airmen in the Nation's history; after American forces had fought aggression in Korea, the 83rd Congress, at the urging of the veterans service organizations, amended the Act of 1938 by striking out the word "Armistice" and inserting in its place the word "Veterans." With the approval of this legislation (Public Law 380) on June 1, 1954, November 11th became a day to honor American veterans of all wars.
Later that same year, on October 8th, President Dwight D. Eisenhower issued the first "Veterans Day Proclamation" which stated: "In order to insure proper and widespread observance of this anniversary, all veterans, all veterans' organizations, and the entire citizenry will wish to join hands in the common purpose. Toward this end, I am designating the Administrator of Veterans' Affairs as Chairman of a Veterans Day National Committee, which shall include such other persons as the Chairman may select, and which will coordinate at the national level necessary planning for the observance. I am also requesting the heads of all departments and agencies of the Executive branch of the Government to assist the National Committee in every way possible."
On that same day, President Eisenhower sent a letter to the Honorable Harvey V. Higley, Administrator of Veterans' Affairs (VA), designating him as Chairman of the Veterans Day National Committee.
In 1958, the White House advised VA's General Counsel that the 1954 designation of the VA Administrator as Chairman of the Veterans Day National Committee applied to all subsequent VA Administrators. Since March 1989 when VA was elevated to a cabinet level department, the Secretary of Veterans Affairs has served as the committee's chairman.
The Uniform Holiday Bill (Public Law 90-363 (82 Stat. 250)) was signed on June 28, 1968, and was intended to ensure three-day weekends for Federal employees by celebrating four national holidays on Mondays: Washington's Birthday, Memorial Day, Veterans Day, and Columbus Day. It was thought that these extended weekends would encourage travel, recreational and cultural activities and stimulate greater industrial and commercial production. Many states did not agree with this decision and continued to celebrate the holidays on their original dates.
The first Veterans Day under the new law was observed with much confusion on October 25, 1971. It was quite apparent that the commemoration of this day was a matter of historic and patriotic significance to a great number of our citizens, and so on September 20th, 1975, President Gerald R. Ford signed Public Law 94-97 (89 Stat. 479), which returned the annual observance of Veterans Day to its original date of November 11, beginning in 1978. This action supported the desires of the overwhelming majority of state legislatures, all major veterans service organizations and the American people.
Veterans Day continues to be observed on November 11, regardless of what day of the week on which it falls. The restoration of the observance of Veterans Day to November 11 not only preserves the historical significance of the date, but helps focus attention on the important purpose of Veterans Day: A celebration to honor America's veterans for their patriotism, love of country, and willingness to serve and sacrifice for the common good.


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Swiss banking giant UBS AG has agreed to pay $1.5 billion in fines to regulators in the U.S., Britain and Switzerland for its part in a scheme to manipulate the London interbank offered rate (LIBOR), which is used to set rates on contracts around the world.
The bank confirmed the news in a statement. As The Associated Press reports, UBS is "the second bank, after Britain's Barclays PLC, to settle over the rate-rigging scandal." Barclays is paying $450 million in fines.
The AP adds that:
"In accepting the fines, UBS said some of its employees tried to rig the LIBOR rate in several currencies, but that its Japan unit, where much of the manipulation took place, entered a plea to one count of wire fraud in an agreement with the U.S. Justice Department.
"UBS said some of its personnel had 'engaged in efforts to manipulate submissions for certain benchmark rates to benefit trading positions' and that some employees had 'colluded with employees at other banks and cash brokers to influence certain benchmark rates to benefit their trading positions.'
"UBS added that 'inappropriate directions' had been submitted that were 'in part motivated by a desire to avoid unfair and negative market and media perceptions during the financial crisis.' "
The Wall Street Journal writes that "authorities on Wednesday painted a picture of 'routine and widespread' attempts by UBS employees to rig Libor and the euro interbank offered rate, or Euribor. The U.K. Financial Services Authority said it had identified more than 2,000 such attempts between 2005 and 2010 with the participation or awareness of at least 45 UBS traders and executives. Adding to the severity of the allegations, the FSA said UBS engaged in collusive efforts with other financial institutions to rig the benchmarks."
The Journal also reports that:
"UBS acknowledged the regulators' findings. 'We are disappointed to discover what happened,' UBS Chief Executive Sergio Ermotti said in an interview. 'We are taking responsibility for what happened.' "
Earlier this year, Planet Money wrote about " the real victims in the LIBOR scandal."
Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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Order a fast, reliable and comfortable Celje - Treviso GoOpti transfer in just a few minutes. GoOpti can pick you up and drop you off at any location, including your home address. GoOpti transfers adapt to your needs with multiple flexible schedules for transfers on the Celje - Treviso route.
GoOpti is a fast, affordable and easy way to reach your destination.
GoOpti in 90 secs
Discover why GoOpti is easier than your car, cheaper than a taxi and more reliable than public transport.
Watch video-
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Tuesday, Mar 7, 202311:30 am to 12:30 pm
Centering Prayer is a method of silent prayer that prepares us to receive the gift of contemplative prayer, prayer in which we experience God's presence within us, closer than breathing, closer than thinking, closer than consciousness itself. This method of prayer is both a relationship with God and a discipline to foster that relationship.
Journal Prayer – For some, journaling is written prayer. For others, journaling is keeping a record of prayer requests and answers. Some keep a journal of especially poignant spiritual truths, perhaps insights from a sermon or quotes from spiritual books or a collection of Scripture.
Contact firstname.lastname@example.com to join.


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A team of MIT engineers and naval officers led by Professor Henrik Schmidt developed a navigational method for autonomous vehicles to navigate accurately in the Arctic Ocean without GPS.
Millions of people die each year as a result of soot or smoke inhalation from these wood-burning cookstoves. A team of students from MIT's Department of Mechanical Engineering and MIT D-Lab are helping a start-up in Uganda manufacture charcoal briquettes that produce a cleaner burn, minimizing these health risks.
Working directly with oyster farmers, MIT students are developing a robot that can flip heavy, floating bags of oysters, helping the shellfish to grow and stay healthy.
As overpopulation and lack of rainfall fuel a crisis-level need in rural India for affordable drinking water, PhD candidate Natasha Wright and Assistant Professor Amos Winter work to design a low-cost desalination system, guided by insight from their extensive in-the-field research.
Mining minerals found 15,000 feet below sea level could help secure a low-carbon future, but at what cost? Researchers including Thomas Peacock, professor of mechanical engineering at MIT, are racing to understand the environmental impact of deep-sea mining.
A "failed experiment" became a life-saving discovery by MIT Professor Ioannis V. Yannas and his colleague Dr. John Burke when their search for a better way to treat severe burn victims led to the discovery of organ regeneration.
Students compete to design a compression-resistant nanoscale material — and win possibly the world's smallest trophy.
MIT Mechanical Engineering students in Professor Sangbae Kim's class explore why certain physical traits have evolved in animals in the natural world, then extract those useful principles, which are applicable to robotic systems, to solve such challenges as manipulation and locomotion in novel and interesting ways.
Betar Gallant, associate professor of mechanical engineering at MIT, utilizes electrochemical reactions to develop new sustainable technologies, including systems that capture carbon dioxide emissions and produce higher-energy rechargeable lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles.
In class 2.702 (Systems Engineering and Naval Ship Design), naval officers and other graduate students get hands-on experience in project management skills that will be central to their future careers.
Emily Satterfield '22 reflects on her experiences finding her own path at MIT by channeling her creativity and pursuing her passions as a mechanical engineering student.
In class 2.788, students explore how mechanics, structure, and materials intersect with biological systems by studying butterflies at every stage of their metamorphosis.
Recent doctoral graduates from MIT's Department of Mechanical Engineering reflect on how they overcame challenges during their time as graduate students.
PhD candidate Charlene Xia is developing a low-cost system to monitor the microbiome of seaweed farms and identify diseases before they spread.
While taking a leave from MIT during the Covid-19 pandemic, mechanical engineering student Eli Brooks taught engineering product design to children at the Have Faith Haiti Mission & Orphanage in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, and uncovered a newfound passion for teaching and life along the way.
Faculty and staff of 2.007, Design and Manufacturing I, reworked the mechanical engineering class and its famous final robot competition so students could participate remotely.
Join us in congratulating our 2021 graduates.
Students learn the fundamental principles of manufacturing at scale by designing and producing their own yo-yos. Instructors stress the importance of sustainable practices in the global supply chain.
The life and legacy of senior lecturer emeritus George Hatsopoulos. An expert in the field of thermodynamics, Hatsopoulos founded Thermo Electron and served as a life member emeritus of the MIT Corporation.
As students return for a semester with mostly remote learning, instructors introduce new innovative methods of teaching hands-on classes which may inform educational best practices for years to come.
Jeehwan Kim, associate professor of mechanical engineering at MIT, is using his background in materials science to build a physical neural network and produce cheap semiconductor wafers – technologies that could help bring the artificial intelligence power of super computers to handheld devices.
Class 2.00a, Fundamentals of Engineering Design: Explore Space, Sea and Earth, empowers first-year students to build machines early in their academic careers at MIT.
MIT engineers led by Associate Professor Xuanhe Zhao have designed a double-sided tape that can seal tissues in just five seconds. The tape could eventually replace surgical sutures, which don't work well in all tissues and can cause complications in some patients.
Associate Professor Ken Kamrin's model of granular material flow could impact how we interact with everything from sand and soil to pills and industrial materials.
Just returning from 15 days living undersea as part of Fabien Cousteau's Mission 31 project, MechE alumna Grace Young '14 reflects on her experience.
Six-time national yo-yo champion and rising senior Alex Hattori explores his passion for yo-yos at MIT.
In MIT D-Lab class 2.729, Design for Scale, MIT students work with clients in the developing world to manufacture products in a more cost-efficient and effective way – from ambulances in Tanzania to an irrigation pump in Nepal.
2.014: Engineering System Design/Development: Take a peek inside an MIT class that has the feel and vibe of a hardware startup. The creativity, deadlines, teamwork, and passion are all here.
Using machine-learning and sensory hardware, Alberto Rodriguez, assistant professor of mechanical engineering and members of MIT's MCube lab, have developed a robot that is learning how to play the game Jenga®. The technology could be used in robots for manufacturing assembly lines.
In class 2.00b, Toy Product Design, offered by MIT's Department of Mechanical Engineering, first-year students get hands-on engineering and product design experience while developing a prototype for a new toy.
A device developed by Evelyn Wang's team harvests clean drinking water from vapor in the air, even in the most arid conditions.
Mechanical engineering students from MIT work with clinicians from Boston-area hospitals to design cheaper, safer, and more efficient medical devices.
MIT students taking class 2.680: Unmanned Marine Vehicle Autonomy, Sensing and Communications aim to deepen our understanding of the world's oceans by developing artificial intelligence for use on autonomous marine vehicles. Their software is put to the ultimate test while running missions of the Charles River.
Mechanical engineering students at MIT get hands-on experience conducting a research study from start to finish during Course 2.671's "Go Forth and Measure Project." Students are given the freedom to research a topic that interests them – from gummy bears to heart rate and exploding pumpkins.
Anette 'Peko' Hosoi finds inspiration while downhill biking at Highland Mountain Bike Park in New Hampshire.
The magic of making is told through the personal stories of MIT students, whose passion runs deep and from an early age.
MIT students head to the SpaceX Hyperloop Competition with a concept pod, and a vision for the future of transportation. The MIT Hyperloop Team will be firing their concept pod along a one-mile test track in Hawthorne, potentially bringing the world closer to what SpaceX CEO Elon Musk describes as a "fifth mode of transportation."
Professor Gareth McKinley, working with colleagues at the Pontificial University of Chile, are harvesting potable water from the coastal fog that forms along one of the driest regions on earth.
Associate Professor Cullen Buie researches a novel method to quickly sort and identify the various strains of bacteria.
Associate Professor Sangbae Kim describes his cutting-edge research in the area of biomimetics, the study of biological systems as models for the design and engineering of robots.
PhD candidate Folkers E. Rojas researches how to mitigate the impact of a Blowout Preventer failure by using a continuous feed of an occluding medium into an uncontrolled well.
MIT graduate student Katy Olesnavage redesigns the Jaipur Foot to create a high-value prosthesis at a low cost for those in need in developing countries.
What's so unique about the MIT MechE spirit? Hear it straight from our students and faculty in this short video.
Pedro Reis' work focuses on the mechanics of large deformations of thin structures, towards devising novel functionalities over a wide range of length scales, from the very small to the very large.
Senior Guangtao (Taotao) Zhang, of China, reflects upon her undergraduate journey at MIT as a transfer student and the path to becoming one of the most successful students in her class.
The first hands-on classes to teach students not only how to design an object but also how to build it.
Dr. Heather Beem (PhD '15) has designed a sensor that could be used by underwater robots to collect data on hydrothermal events or marine life.
Using light to imprint features onto polymer or plastic, Associate Professor Nick Fang's research led his team to disprove the established diffraction limit.
Professor Rohit Karnik addresses real-world challenges with his micro- and nano-fluidics research, uncovering the unique behavior of fluid flow at the molecular level.
Department Head Gang Chen responds to his ALS ice bucket challenge to raise awareness and funding for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Professor Maria Yang has discovered valuable strategies and techniques for designing both consumer products and complex engineering systems, partnering with NASA, Ferrari, and IBM.
MechE researchers, led by Associate Professor Evelyn Wang, have developed a solar thermophotovoltaic device that experimentally demonstrates a three-fold increase in energy conversion efficiency.
In this year's Class 2.12: Introduction to Robotics, undergraduate students joined forces to build a robot that can emulate complex human movement with a soccer-theme.
PhD candidate Thomas Milnes explains his thesis research: the development of novel hardware and software techniques -- such as "digital aperture" and "programmable deconvolution" -- for the field of light field imaging.
2.674: One of the first classes to offer undergraduates a hands-on experience with cutting-edge micro/nano engineering.
Assistant Professor Amos Winter is named by Technology Review as one of "35 innovators under 35" in 2013. His research group develops disruptive technologies specifically for developing regions where high quality and low cost are equally crucial requirements.
MakerWorks, MechE's comprehensive community makerspace offering both fabrication and measurement tools, is run by and for students.
2.009: Product Engineering Processes is a rigorous capstone class for undergraduates, bringing together everything students have learned along the way to develop a market-ready product.
MechE innovates the traditional Mechanics and Materials II class, led by Professor Carlos Portela, by exposing students to leading-edge concepts of nanotechnology, nanomechanics, and metamaterials.


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It was never in doubt, but now it's official. Ex-military chief Abdel Fattah al-Sisi will be Egypt's president after nearly a year of being the nation's de facto leader.
He won by a landslide with more than 93 percent of the vote, according to a preliminary results. His victory was so sweeping that his lone opponent, Hamdeen Sabbahy, came in third with just 3 percent of the vote. People who voided their ballots in protest outnumbered those who voted for Sabbahy.
Sabbahy was third in the 2012 presidential election as well. But that election had more than a dozen candidates and a competitive spirit. There was an extremely close runoff between the winner, Mohamed Morsi, an Islamist from the Muslim Brotherhood, and Ahmed Shafik, a holdover from the Hosni Mubarak era.
This time everything was predictable. Sisi was boosted by both state media and private media. He announced his candidacy on state television. His banners and pictures papered the streets, put up by wealthy businessman and citizens. People danced outside polling stations for him. When turnout seemed like it might be low, the Presidential Election Commission extended the voting by a day while well-known television hosts harangued Egyptians to go to the polls.
One of them, Amr Eldeeb, threatened to slit his wrists on air if people didn't go vote. Another, Tawfiq Okasha, said women who didn't vote should be shot or shoot themselves.
Democracy International, one of the largest international observation missions, issued a scathing statement about the process.
"Basically our feeling is that the political environment that exists in Egypt at this time with suppression of dissent and lack of respect for basic freedoms, including freedom of speech and freedom of association, have severely compromised the political environment and made a genuinely democratic presidential election impossible," Eric Bjornlud, the president of Democracy International, told reporters.
He added that the large security presence concerned him too. Sisi is known as the military candidate and some polling stations had huge numbers of military officers, policemen and plainclothes police.
"It's possible that that could be intimidating to some voters," he said. "One of the concerns that we had was about the role of the security forces. Though we have no evidence or even impression that security forces were interfering in the actual balloting in any substantial, widespread way."
One of the main concerns for Sisi was the turnout. He called on 40 million Egyptians to vote for him.
A high turnout would have been an endorsement of not only his presidency, but the road map that's been put into place since Sisi overthrew the elected Morsi in a coup last July.
Since then, an unprecedented crackdown has been going on in Egypt and more than 20,000 people are languishing in jail. Human rights groups consider them to be political prisoners.
Among them is a young Egyptian-American, Mohamed Soltan, who graduated from Ohio State University. He's been on a hunger strike for more than 100 days.
There's also Ahmed Maher, a face of Egypt's 2011 uprising against Mubarak and the founder of the April 6 youth movement.
And there have been mass trials in which hundreds of people have been sentenced to death after courtroom sessions that have lasted only a day or two.
Judicial sources from the Presidential Election Commission say turnout was about 46 percent. That's some 25 million of the estimated 54 million registered voters in Egypt.
It's well below the 40 million Sisi called for and lower than the 52 percent that voted in the runoff of the 2012 election. So it chips away at claims that Sisi is Egypt's great unifier.
Bjornlund, from Democracy International, says there really is no way to double-check the turnout figures that the election commission will issue. Observers went to 1,300 polling stations. At times they were denied access, and a few never received accreditation.
But what the election did show is that Egypt is truly divided with a strong minority voice that didn't vote. Some were boycotting while others didn't bother because they already knew what the outcome would be.
"There's been a definite reassertion of authoritarianism in the last nine months. Partly that's in reaction to a genuine security threat, a terrorism threat and a growing number of attacks, especially against police and army targets since last July," says Issandr el Amrani, the North Africa project director for the International Crisis Group. "But partly it's been a crackdown that's been widening against nonviolent political dissenters, whether they're Islamist or not Islamist."
Sabbahy, the distant runner-up, said he believed the turnout numbers were boosted and in some cases votes were annulled in an effort to make Sisi's victory look all the more resounding.
"We witnessed in these elections what we consider a climate harming freedom of choice," he said.
Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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To look up your license key, activation code, software key or download link for your purchased product, please enter the email address that you used for your purchase. We will then email you an overview of all orders processed under that email address.
If the email you receive still does not include the information you need, please contact us here.


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The New York Times just posted what it says are the first public comments from the Colombian woman whose argument with a U.S. Secret Service agent last week revealed the so-called summit scandal.
That's the still-developing story that 11 agents and nine U.S. military personnel, who were in Cartagena as part of the "advance" team before President Obama arrived to attend a summit with Latin American leaders, had been cavorting with about 20 prostitutes.
According to the Times, the woman (who it did not name) claims that the morning after their partying at a club and her stay at the hotel where the Americans were staying, the agent "offered $30 for services she thought they had agreed were worth 25 times that."
"I tell him, 'Baby, my cash money,' " she told the Times. It was their subsequent argument that led to local police becoming involved and the exposure of the partying.
A few other details from the Times' report:
-- " 'They never told me they were with Obama,' she said of the agents. 'They were very discreet.' "
-- "The price alone, she said, indicates that she is an escort, not a prostitute.
-- "She was dismayed, she said, that the news reports have described her as a prostitute as though she walked the streets picking up just anyone. 'It's the same but it's different,' she said, indicating that she is much more selective about her clients and charges much more than a streetwalker. 'It's like when you buy a fine rum or a BlackBerry or an iPhone. They have a different price.' "
Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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- magyar
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LOTEX 2019 - New registration deadline: 5 July 2019
Dear User!
The University of Debrecen considers the protection of personal data and the information provided to be of paramount importance. We hereby inform you that the University of Debrecen has reviewed its processes and incorporated the requirements of GDPR into his own data management and data protection activities, which entered mandatory on may 25,2018. The personal data of the users has been carefully handled by the University of Debrecen, it complies with the applicable data management regulations.Following the requirements of GDPR, we updated our Privacy Statement, which you can access by clicking on the link below: Privacy Policy.


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This shirt is ultra comfortable, and its modern cut makes it stylish, too. The rolled shoulder gives it a better fit, and the double-stitched hems make it long-lasting – it should definitely have a spot in your closet!
**Please allow 2-7 days print time + shipping time
• 100% cotton jersey knit
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• Double stitched
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• Shoulder-to-shoulder taping


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Dental Implants
What are dental implants?
A natural tooth consists of a root and a crown. If you compare natural teeth to implant-supported replacement teeth, you'll see they have the same basic parts. Both have a crown (the visible part used to chew food). Both have a root that holds the tooth securely under the gum and is anchored into the jaw. The difference is that the implant is made of titanium – the same time-tested material used by surgeons for artificial joints. When you lose a tooth, you lose both the root and the crown. To replace the tooth, the surgeon first replaces the root with a small dental implant.
Time is allowed for bone to heal and grow around the dental implant. The bone bonds with the titanium, creating a strong foundation for artificial teeth. A support post (abutment) is then placed on the implant and a new replacement tooth (crown) is placed on top of the abutment. In many cases a temporary replacement tooth can be attached to the implant immediately after it is placed. If all of your teeth are missing, a variety of treatment options are available to support the replacement teeth.
"Don't be afraid to Smile."
For years I'd felt like a part of my body was missing — because my teeth were. My dentist told me that dental implants would make me feel and look a lot better. OK, I said. Now, I'm thrilled. I can smile, eat anything, and enjoy a good laugh with my friends.
Surgical Advances in Dental Implants
Using the most recent advances in dental implant technology, Drs. Ashtari, Crohin, Lee and Young are able to place single stage implants. These implants do not require a second procedure to uncover them, but do require a minimum of six weeks of healing time before artificial teeth are placed. There are even situations where the implant can be placed at the same time as the tooth extraction – further minimizing your number of surgical procedures.
Dental implant placement is a team effort between an oral and maxillofacial surgeon and a restorative dentist. Drs. Ashtari, Crohin, Lee or Young performs the actual implant surgery, initial tooth extractions, and bone grafting if necessary. The restorative dentist (your dentist) fits and makes the permanent prosthesis. Your dentist will also make any temporary prosthesis needed during the implant process.


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Monday, 12 Jun 2017 5:00 PM
The Restaurant is "The Only Place In Town"
American, Mexican and Pasta Dishes
110 Sierra Madre Blvd, Sierra Madre, CA 91024
Hours: Open today · 8:00 AM – 9:00 PM
Phone: 626-355-3502
Meet in the Library room to the left and toward the read after you enter.
The restaurant is very close to the church where we have our meeting. Convenient for everyone.
Almost the same directions as getting to the Church of the Ascension north of Sierra Madre Blvd.
N. Baldwin Avenue was, sometime in the distant past, shifted at Foothill Blvd. so it is offset. Perhaps an ancient earthquake did this ;>).
Coming from the East on the 210 freeway–Take Baldwin Avenue Sierra Madre Exit. continue on ramp to N. Baldwin Ave and head north.
Coming from the West on the 210 freeway–take Baldwin Ave exit and turn left onto N. Baldwin Avenue and head north to W. Foothill Blvd. Turn left onto W. Foothill Blvd. Turn right at N. Baldwin Avenue and head north.
Once going north on N. Baldwin Ave, proceed to Sierra Madre Blvd.
Turn left and go one long block to restaurant on left side of street.
It is across Sierra Madre Blvd from the end of Auburn Ave.


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Good Girls (Don't) Wear Underpants
My daughter is a nudist. She is an unrepentant clothes-doffing, underwear-eschewing, bum-baring, breeze-loving, parts-showing nudist. It's sort of awesome, but also a little disconcerting.
She doesn't try to leave the house naked, although she has, in the heat of summer, had more than one naked spree in the yard. She just prefers, while indoors, to conduct her day without clothing. Which, you know, I sort of understand. Sort of. If I was a compact little person and did not fear knocking over coffee mugs with my pendulous boobs, I might enjoy doffing my clothing while going about my day. But I'm not a compact little person, and I might knock over coffee mugs with my pendulous boobs and, also, frighten any passers-by who might look in the windows. So it's just not for me. But for Emilia? It's simply the best condition in which to pass one's time.
So it is that she watches television naked, plays the piano naked, paints pictures naked, reads stories naked, does yoga naked (seriously), dances naked, eats cookies naked, and discourses on the superiority of Diego to Dora and Grover to Elmo and DJ Lance to Barney naked. Which, as I said, is sort of awesome, in a Platonic perfection of the forms kind of way (anyone who has ever doubted the classical argument that there is such a thing as the perfect form of any actual or abstract thing need, I think, only consider the tiny perfect physical form of a very young human being to be convinced that there is some force to that argument.) But it's also a little disconcerting. We are - I am - accustomed to moving through life clothed, for the most part. To all of sudden be accompanied, always (in the home, at least), by a tiny little naked being is a disruption of my usual way of doing things. It is to be thrust, suddenly, into a landscape that bears no small resemblance to an all-toddler performance of A Midsummer's Night Dream, full of naked sprites wearing funny hats and masks and giggling maniacally.
It's a little strange.
I love that my daughter so exults in her physical being, that she is so unreservedly comfortable with her physical self. And yet I catch myself, sometimes, pestering her about sweaters and socks and underpants. Aren't you cold? I ask. Would you like to put on socks? And, where are your underpants? Let's put on underpants, shall we? You love your underpants!
And she rolls her eyes at me and says, no.
No, they're lost.
No, they blew off.
No, because my pachina can't breathe.
No, because my pachina gets scared in the dark.
No, because Swiper stole them.
All of which are entirely reasonable explanations for the absence of underpants, I suppose, but still: that she finds it necessary to justify her nudity to me - and that she demonstrates no end of creativity in coming up with such justifications - makes me feel, I don't know, a little guilty? When I pester her about putting something on - sweater, socks, underpants - I worry that I am nudging the boundaries of shaming. That she feels compelled to defend her choice to be naked, that she constructs ever more elaborate explanations for shunning underwear (my pachina gets scared in the dark!) - is that evidence that she struggles under the gaze of an over-anxious, prudish mother? Am I sending the wrong message (naked is wrong, naked is bad, naked is not how we live, good girls don't get naked, good girls wear underpants), even though I don't intend to send that message, even though I don't want to send that message?
I don't worry about her becoming a lifelong nudist. I worry about her getting cold. I also worry about her peeing on the couch, which hasn't happened yet, but still: one particularly engrossing episode of Global Grover and all the Scotchguard in the world won't save our off-white sofa. I don't worry about her being too fond of nudity. I don't know that it's possible to be over-fond of one's own nudity. Her pleasure in her own nakedness is, I think, lovely. I love she loves her own skin, that she is most comfortable in the raw, that she curls up like a hairless cat on the sofa and tucks her feet under her bum and snuggles against her blankie and then waves one tiny hand imperiously to demand a cookie and some milk, both of which taste undeniably better when the crumbs and dribbles can roll down one's bare chest and get caught in one's navel. I love that she loves her little self, that she exults in her physicality, that she takes joy in feeling the heat from the fireplace warm her naked bottom, or the scratch of the wool rug against her bare belly, or the soft curve of the sofa pillows against the skin of her back. I love that she is so unabashedly, physically she. So I resolve to not worry about shame or unshame and to just let her be.
But if she pees on my couch, those underpants are going on with duct tape.


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This is a review page for PLR Harvest Bazaar by Muritala Bello. The launch of PLR Harvest Bazaar was announced by JVNotifyPro.
I would appreciate that if you know anything about the product, good or bad, please post it here in the comments.
As it is with most of the internet marketing and make money online products, they are rarely as good as the promise and extreme caution is always required.
Your comments can save others time and money!


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Digestion is a complex task performed by the body. It begins in the mouth and finishes when the ingested food leaves the body through the rectum. For all we have learned over the years regarding digestion, there is still so much more we don't know or are still learning. For example, it wasn't until recently, the last 10 years or so, that modern medicine confirmed our gastrointestinal tract is our second brain. This discovery is drastically changing the way the body and its many functions are viewed, because everything we put in our mouths can potentially have life-altering effects on the mind, as well as the body.
Digestive disorders are rampant in the United States. Surveys estimate nearly 70 million people in the United States are affected by some sort of digestive disorder. This could be anything from gallstones to acid reflux to pancreatitis. For many, these disorders are extremely debilitating. But for every person dealing with a debilitating digestive disorder, there are thousands more that just assume everything they are experiencing is "normal."
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is just one of the many ways people can deal with their digestive disorders. TCM is a very old medical system that utilizes many different modalities to treat imbalances in the body. Acupuncture is just one of the modalities that can be used. More and more studies about the effectiveness of acupuncture are being performed every day, many of which hold great promise for those who suffer from digestive issues.
Acupuncture helps with digestion because it treats the person holistically, meaning all parts are considered when treatment is rendered. There is no compartmentalizing as in Western medicine. So, a person being treated by a licensed acupuncturist or TCM practitioner will not only notice changes in their digestive issues, but they may also notice changes in their psyche too. And since the mind and body are closely connected, this can be very beneficial for the patient.
Studies have shown acupuncture can stimulate peristalsis in the intestinal tract. This is very helpful for people who deal with chronic constipation. In as few as one to two treatments, a person suffering from chronic constipation may find relief.
Nausea and vomiting are another frequent problem associated with digestion. Acupuncture and even acupressure are wonderful tools for calming the upset stomach. One acupressure point on the underside of the forearm has been studied extensively just for this function. In most cases, the nausea and vomiting are greatly decreased or stopped altogether.
Bloating is another common problem associated with the digestive tract. This can be caused by eating too much food or improper digestion. Acupuncture treatments help the digestive process of breaking down foods without the excess gas that frequently causes bloating.
Diarrhea isn't just a problem that occurs when somebody is suffering from the stomach flu. In fact, it is much more common than many people think. Acupuncture treatments can help resolve diarrhea by clearing either excess heat or excess dampness from the digestive tract, while also strengthening it.
If you are curious about how acupuncture and Traditional Chinese Medicine can help you with your digestive issues, ask us! We are happy to guide you along your healing journey.