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Privacy Policy
We at Hiccups ( "hiccup", "we," "us," or "our") know that our users ("you," "your," or "yourself") care about how your personal information is used and shared, and we take your privacy seriously. Please read the following to learn more about our Privacy Policy. By visiting or using the www.myhiccup.in website and domain name, any other linked pages, features, content, mobile applications, and any other services we offer from time to time in connection with any of the foregoing (collectively, the "Website"), you agree to the practices and policies set forth in this Privacy Policy, and you hereby acknowledge and consent to our collection, use, and sharing of your information as described in this Privacy Policy. Capitalized terms that are not defined in this Privacy Policy have the meaning given to them in our Terms of Use.
This Privacy Policy covers our treatment of personally identifiable information ("Personal Information") that we gather when you are accessing or using our Website. This policy does not apply to the practices of companies that we do not own or control, or to individuals that we do not employ or manage, even if you have accessed the websites or services of those companies through our Website.
We do not knowingly collect or solicit personal information from anyone under the age of 13 or knowingly allow such persons to register for the Services (as that term is defined in our Terms of Use). If you are under 13, please do not attempt to register for the Services or send any information about yourself to us, including your name, address, telephone number, or email address. No one under age 13 may provide any personal information to us or on the Services. If we learn that we have collected personal information from a child under age 13 without verification of parental consent, we will delete that information as quickly as possible. If you believe that we might have any information from or about a child under 13, please contact us firstname.lastname@example.com
WHAT INFORMATION DOES hiccup COLLECT?
We gather various types of Personal Information from our users, as explained more fully below. We may use this Personal Information to, among other things, personalize and improve our services, allow our users to set up a user account and profile, contact users, fulfill your requests for certain products and services, analyze how users utilize the Website, or as otherwise set forth in this Privacy Policy. We may share certain types of Personal Information with third parties (as described in this Section and in Section III below). We collect the following types of information:
Information You Provide to Us:
We receive and store any information you knowingly provide to us. For example, we collect Personal Information such as your name, username, phone number, credit card and other billing information, email address, shipping address, and your friends' email addresses (which we will only use in order to invite them to use the Service), and your third-party account credentials (for example, your log-in credentials for Facebook). We may also collect information you supply to us regarding your personal preferences and interests. If you access the Service through Facebook Connect, you understand that some content and/or information in your Facebook account ("Third Party Account Information") may be transmitted into your account with us if you authorize such transmissions, and that Third Party Account Information transmitted to our Services is covered by this Privacy Policy. You can choose not to provide us with any or all of the information we specify or request, but then you may not be able to register with us or to take advantage of some or all of our features.
We may anonymize your Personal Information so that you cannot be individually identified and provide that anonymized information to our partners. For example, we allow advertisers to choose the demographic information of users who will see their advertisements and you agree that we may use any of the information we have collected from you in non-personally identifiable form to allow our advertisers to select the appropriate audience for those advertisements. We might use the fact you have purchased or inquired about a certain brand, for instance, to show you advertisements for the company that sells that brand, but we will not tell that company who you are.
Information Collected Automatically:
Whenever you interact with our Website, we automatically receive and record information on our server logs from your browser including your IP address, "cookie" information, and the page you requested. "Cookies" are identifiers we transfer to your computer or device that allow us to recognize your browser or device and tell us how and when pages in our Website are visited and by how many people. You may be able to change the preferences on your browser or device to prevent or limit your computer's or device's acceptance of cookies, but doing so may prevent you from taking advantage of our Website's best features. Our advertising partners may transmit cookies to your computer or device when you click on ads that appear on our site. This Privacy Policy does not cover cookies delivered to you by any of our advertisers.
When we collect usage information (such as the numbers and frequency of visitors to the Website and to which pages within the Website), we only use such data in aggregate form, in a manner that assures your anonymity. We may provide this aggregate usage information to our partners; our partners may use such information to understand how often and in what ways people use our Website, so that our partners, too, can endeavour to provide you with an optimal online experience. For example, we may place a cookie on your device that records what products you have viewed on our Website, and then provide that information, in non-personally-identifiable form, to a third party website, to allow such website to show you ads for similar products that are available from us or from third parties.
We may also deliver a file to you through the Website (known as a "web beacon") from an advertising network we have contracted with. Web beacons allow advertising networks to provide anonymized, aggregated auditing, research and reporting for us and for advertisers. Web beacons also enable ad networks to serve targeted advertisements to you when you visit other websites. These beacons may, for example, log that you have viewed a certain product on our Website, and then show you an ad for similar products when you browse to another website. Because your web browser must request these advertisements and web beacons from the ad network's servers, these companies can view, edit, or set their own cookies, just as if you had requested a web page from their site. Many ad networks participate in the Network Advertising Initiative ("NAI"), a cooperative of online marketing and analytics companies committed to building consumer awareness and establishing responsible business and data management practices and standards, and such NAI members may allow you to opt-out of cookies or beacons they deliver. Again, we do not control the policies of any third parties, including advertising networks.
E-mail and Other Communications:
We may contact you, by email or other means. For example, we may send you promotional offers on behalf of other businesses, or communicate with you about your use of the Website. Also, we may receive a confirmation when you open an email from us. If you do not want to receive email or other mail from us, please indicate your preference by changing your account settings accordingly.
III. WILL hiccup SHARE ANY OF THE PERSONAL INFORMATION IT RECEIVES?
We neither rent nor sell your Personal Information in personally identifiable form to anyone. We share your Personal Information in personally identifiable form with third parties only as described below:
Affiliated Businesses and Third Party Websites We Do Not Control:
In certain situations, businesses or third party websites we're affiliated with may sell items or provide services to you through the Website (either alone or jointly with us). You can recognize when an affiliated business is associated with such a transaction or service, and we will share your Personal Information with that affiliated business only to the extent that we deem it related to such transaction or service. One such service may include the ability for you to automatically transmit information from your hiccup account to an account on a third party website or service, such as Facebook. We have no control over the policies and practices of third party websites or businesses as to privacy or anything else, so if you choose to take part in any transaction or service relating to an affiliated website or business, please review all such business's or websites' policies.
We employ other companies and people to perform tasks on our behalf and need to share your information with them to provide products or services to you. Unless we inform you otherwise, our agents do not have any right to use the Personal Information we share with them beyond what we deem necessary to assist us in performing such tasks.
User Profiles and Content:
Certain user profile information, including without limitation a user's username and the image content that such user has uploaded to the website may be displayed to other users to facilitate user interaction within the Website or address your request for our services. Any content you upload to your public user profile, along with any Personal Information or content that you voluntarily disclose online in a manner other users can view (on discussion boards, in messages and chat areas, etc.) becomes publicly available, and can be collected and used by others. Your username may also be displayed to other users if and when you post comments or upload images through the Website and other users can contact you through such comments. If you sign into the Services through Facebook Connect, your list of "friends" from Facebook may be automatically imported to the Services, and such "friends," if they are also registered users of the Services, may be able to access certain non-public information you have entered in your Services user profile. Again, we do not control the policies and practices of any other third party site or service.
Business Transfers:
We may choose to buy or sell assets. In these types of transactions, customer information (which may include your Personal Information) is typically one of the business assets that is transferred. Also, if we (or substantially all of our assets) are acquired, or if we go out of business or enter bankruptcy, Personal Information would be one of the assets transferred to or acquired by a third party.
Protection of hiccup and Others:
We may release Personal Information when we believe in good faith that release is necessary to comply with laws; enforce or apply our conditions of use and/or other agreements; or protect the rights, property, or safety of hiccup, our employees, our users, or others. We may exchange information with other companies and organizations (including governmental authorities) for fraud protection and credit risk reduction.
With Your Consent:
Except as set forth in this Privacy Policy, you will be notified when your Personal Information may be shared with third parties, and will be able to prevent the sharing of this information.
Your account is protected by a password for your privacy and security. If you access your account via Facebook Connect, you may have additional or different sign-on protections through Facebook. You need to prevent unauthorized access to your account and Personal Information by selecting and protecting your password (or other sign-on protections) appropriately and limiting access to your computer or device by signing off after you have finished accessing your account.
We endeavour to protect the privacy of your account and other Personal Information we hold in our records, but we cannot guarantee complete security. Unauthorized entry or use, hardware or software failure, and other factors may compromise the security of user information at any time.
The Website may contain links to other sites. We are not responsible for the privacy policies and/or practices on other sites. When following a link to another site you should read that site's privacy policy.
Through your account settings, you may access, and, in some cases, edit or delete the following information you've provided to us:
- Name and password
- E-mail address
- Shipping and billing information
- User profile information and User Content, including images you have uploaded to the site
The information you can view and update may change as the Website changes. If you have any questions about viewing or updating information we have on file about you, please contact us firstname.lastname@example.com
- You can always elect not to disclose information to us. However, please keep in mind that we may need some information to allow you register with us or to take advantage of some or all of our features, and if you choose not to provide that information, your ability to use our Website and services may be limited.
- You may be able to add, update, or delete information as explained in Section V above. When you update information, however, we may maintain a copy of the unrevised information in our records. You may request deletion of your account by visiting your account settings. Please note that some information may remain in our private records after your deletion of such information from your account. We may use any aggregated data derived from or incorporating your Personal Information even if you update or delete it, but we will not use that information in a manner that would identify you personally.
- If you do not wish to receive email or other mail from us, please change your account settings accordingly. Please note that if you do not want to receive legal notices from us, such as this Privacy Policy, those legal notices will still govern your use of the Website, and you are responsible for reviewing such legal notices for changes.
We may amend this Privacy Policy from time to time. Use of information we collect now is subject to the Privacy Policy in effect at the time such information is used. If we make changes in the way we use Personal Information, we will notify you by posting an announcement on our Website or contacting you directly via email or other means. You are bound by any changes to the Privacy Policy when you use the Website after such changes have been first posted.
If you have any questions or concerns regarding our privacy policies, please send us a detailed message to firstname.lastname@example.com. We will make every effort to resolve your concerns.


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Picture these moments: «Catering company, you'll need to plan for big appetites because this is a group of athletes.» «DJ, let's put together a music program that appeals to the broad range of ages of guests.» «Tent people, give us at least three ideas on how we can work around this sloped site.»
Leadership talent/impactful persona — This is one of those squishy concepts that are talked about in almost every business.
But being able influence the teams of people involved in events, both in the planning and execution stages, is critically important.
You can even fit a couple of bicycles back there with the front wheels hanging over the tailgate. So no, you won't be able to fit a flat sheet of drywall back there. At 52.1 inches long by 53.9 inches wide, the Santa Cruz's bed has plenty of room for your average Home Depot garden supplies run and most hobbyist hauling. And of course, unlike an SUV, there's infinite vertical space for tall items like saplings or bulky boxes. However, the wheel wells intrude into the bed space with just 42.7 inches between them.
Dixon said that the unnamed woman had simply gone to the clinic for a check up, but she found out she was not only pregnant but also infected with COVID-19.
Marriage is a risky proposition. Many people tend to have lots of apprehensions before taking the plunge into this gamble.
In the view of growing instances of infidelity, Love Affairs and extramarital affairs, more and more people are now open to the idea of taking the services of a professional private detective in order to undertake a pre matrimonial investigation and 먹튀검증 post matrimonial investigation primarily to get a reality check.
The tournament pulls together ample corporate support with two Cincinnati-based companies in Kroger and Proctor & Gamble Co., the presenting sponsor. The week will include multiple workshops for female business leaders to develop networks, which will be hosted by Kroger, P&G and the LPGA Tour.
That suggests Supreme Court justices are closer than ever to overturning Roe v. Wade, the 1973 decision under which abortion rights have been protected. The law website took effect early on Wednesday in Texas after the U.S.
Supreme Court did not act on abortion rights groups' request to block it.
P&G is gearing up for some 2022 experiments on the ISS that will involve testing the stability of cleaning and stain removal ingredients in ISS conditions. The company is also looking into developing a combination washer-dryer that could be used for NASA Artemis moon missions and future Mars missions where low gravity will be an issue.
Cllr Ian Moncur, Cabinet Member for Health and Wellbeing said: 'Our Green Sefton team has been working alongside a number of dedicated community groups who care deeply about the future of the park and are keen to see improvements that benefit everyone who loves spending time there.
Prince Charles is urged to cut ties with aide in 'cash for… Mystery of the missing £500,000: Prince Charles' foundation… Prince Charles' closest aide Michael Fawcett is spotted… Is this a scandal too far for the man Prince Charles can't…
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However, the newspaper reported that there was no evidence of whether the letter was sent or agreed by Charles's advisers — and MailOnline has contacted a Clarence House spokesman for comment this morning. Carrie meets the Queen: Boris Johnson's convoy is spotted… Prince Charles' closest aide Michael Fawcett is forced to…

subset: commoncrawl


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If you cannot find the part you are looking for or need some advice please send us a part request and our team of car part experts will do their best to help!
We are one of the UK's largest suppliers of quality used window motors for almost any make or model. All window motors for sale come fully tested and warranted for all important peace of mind.
Find the replacement window regulator you need in our store and save up to 90% versus buying the same part new! We offer fast delivery and have over 90 years of industry-leading experience, guaranteeing you a great service when you buy a window regulator from us.
If you have a question or need advice about any of our window motors for sale, please contact us and we'll be happy to help with your enquiry. Call us on 01202 724444 (8am-6pm Mon-Fri & 9am-4pm Sat), complete an online part request form, or speak to an expert using our live chat service.


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Check lists for individual taxa that live here, e.g. "Birds of Cayman Is.".
Paste in a bunch of names, 1 per line, and hit the button!
File should be in the following format: taxon name, description, occurrence status, establishment means. CSV should not contain a header row.
Allowed occurrence status values: present, common, uncommon, irregular, doubtful, absent
Allowed establish means values: native, endemic, introduced


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Stag Art is Wooden 1000 Piece Jigsaw Puzzle Toy For Adults and Kids
Stag Art is Wooden 1000 Piece Jigsaw Puzzle Toy For Adults and Kids
Regular price
Regular price
Sale price
Unit price
Stag Art is a 1000 piece wooden jigsaw puzzle designed by artist Francis Deroa. The painting represents the imaginative idea of a dreamy castle in the clouds. This is a futuristic piece designed for little scientists in your house or older kids with a flair for space and fiction. The 1000-piece jigsaws offer an enjoyable challenge to all puzzle enthusiasts
- This scenic puzzle is a great gift for those who like fairy tales and fantasy stories.
- Wooden puzzle pieces are a more tactile puzzling experience
- This jigsaw puzzle is made of laminated plywood
- 1000 piece jigsaws have a more challenging difficulty level
- This jigsaw puzzle measures 20" x 27"
Additional Information.
- Material: Wooden
- Puzzle: One Piece(letter zoning)
- Size: 50 x 75 cm
- Thickness: 2 mm
- Specifications: 1000 pieces/set
- Package: Gift box
Benefits Of 1000 Piece Jigsaw Puzzle Toy For Adults and Kids
- The Original puzzle exercises the left and right sides of your brain at once
- It improves your short-term memory and your visual-spatial reasoning
- The puzzles are a great meditation tool and stress reliever
- Jigsaw puzzles are a great way to connect with your family
- If you need some alone time or would like to concentrate, The Original Puzzle is the way to go.
- You'll live longer if you puzzle regularly!
How Long Does It Take To Do Jigsaw Puzzle:
On average, you could expect it to take anywhere between 3 to 10 hours, depending on the type of the puzzle, among other factors.


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Avada includes a blog shortcode you can use anywhere on the site!
This blog shortcode was submitted by Markus, one of our 20,000+ Avada users! It just goes to show what an awesome community we have, everyone is willing to help & share ideas. Dont wait, be apart of it today!


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Kartemquin Films
View Kartemquin Films, events, and information about their work.
Results 1 to 1 of 1
Race relations--Illinois--Chicago (1) x
Kartemquin Films (1) x
Neighborhoods--Illinois--Chicago (1) x
Kartemquin Films (1) x
clear facets
Winnie Wright, Age 11 Film Project elements
Winnie Wright, Age 11 is a 26-minute 1974 film by Kartemquin Films. Winnie, the daughter of a steel worker and a teacher lives in Gage Park, a Chicago neighborhood that is changing from white to black. Her family struggles with racism, inflation and a threatened strike, as Winnie learns what it means to grow up white, working class, and female.


text: The above climate weather data chart for Ste Agathe Des Monts, Quebec Canada shows average monthly weather statistics with historic daily extremes. Weather climate statistics include monthly averages, maximum and minimum average mean temperatures, mean rainfall, mean snowfall & daily high and low extremes for temperature. There are many ways to calculate "climate normals"; the most useful ones adhere to accepted standards. The WMO considers thirty years long enough to eliminate year-to-year variations. Snow cover is the depth of snow on the ground, which is measured at several different points of the immediate area which is then averaged. Code Legend Normals for some of the statistics are taken from less than 30 years of records. The minimum number of years are defined by a "code" in the far right hand column. The Code Legend is shown below: * "A": No more than 3 consecutive or 5 total missing years between 1971 to 2000. * "B": At least 25 years of record between 1971 and 2000. * "C": At least 20 years of record between 1971 and 2000. * "D": At least 15 years of record between 1971 and 2000. The elevation is 1036.30 m |


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Information that is gathered from visitors
In common with other websites, log files are stored on the web server saving details such as the visitor's IP address, browser type, referring page and time of visit.
Cookies may be used to remember visitor preferences when interacting with the website.
We do not collect email addresses on this website.
How the Information is used
The information is used to enhance the vistor's experience when using the website to display personalised content and possibly advertising.
Visitor Options
You may be able to block cookies via your browser settings but this may prevent you from access to certain features of the website.
Cookies are small digital signature files that are stored by your web browser that allow your preferences to be recorded when visiting the website. Also they may be used to track your return visits to the website.
3rd party advertising companies may also use cookies for tracking purposes.


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Cancellation rights
Revocation right for consumers
(A 'consumer' is any natural person who concludes a legal transaction which, to an overwhelming extent, cannot be attributed to either his commercial or independent professional activities.)
Instructions for revocation
Revocation right
You have the right to revoke this contract within 14 days without specifying any reasons.
The revocation period is 14 days with effect from the day,
- on which you or a third party nominated by you, which is not the carrier, had taken possession of the products, provided you had ordered one or more products within the scope of a standard order and this/these product/products is/are delivered uniformly;
- on which you or a third party nominated by you, which is not the carrier, had taken possession of the last product, provided you had ordered several products within the scope of a standard order and these products are delivered separately;
- on which you or a third party nominated by you, which is not the carrier, had taken possession of the last part delivery or the last unit, provided you had ordered a product, which is delivered in several part deliveries or units;
In order to exercise your revocation right, you must inform us (Gebrüder Vinkelau GmbH, Deipenbrock 39, 48739 Legden, Germany Telephone number: +49 (0) 2566 / 70 393 - 0, Fax number: +49 (0) 2566 / 70 393 - 90, E-Mail address: firstname.lastname@example.com) of your decision to revoke this contract by means of a clear declaration (e.g. a letter sent via post, fax or email). You can use the enclosed specimen revocation form for this, which however is not mandatory.
In order to safeguard the revocation period, it is sufficient that you send the notification about the exercise of the revocation right before the expiry of the revocation period.
Consequences of the revocation
If you revoke this contract, we shall repay all the payments, which we received from you, including the delivery costs (with the exception of additional costs, which arise from that fact that you selected a form of delivery other than the most reasonable standard delivery offered by us), immediately and at the latest within 14 days from the day on which we received the notification about the revocation of this contract from you. We use the same means of payment, which you had originally used during the original transaction, for this repayment unless expressly agreed otherwise with you; you will not be charged any fees owing to this repayment.
We can refuse the repayment for products that can be shipped via parcels, until these products are returned to us or until you have furnished proof that you have sent these products back to us, depending on whichever is earlier.
We collect the products that cannot be shipped via parcels.
You must return or transfer the products which can be shipped via parcels to usimmediately and, in any case, at the latest within 14 days with effect from the day on which you inform us of the revocation of this contract. The deadline is maintained if you send the products which can be shipped via parcels before the expiry of the 14-day deadline.
We bear the costs for returning the products.
You must pay for any depreciation of the products only if this depreciation can be attributed to any handling with you that was not necessary for checking the condition, features and functionality of the products.
Criteria for exclusion or expiry
The revocation right is not available for contracts
- for delivery of products, which are not prefabricated and for whose manufacturing an individual selection or stipulation by the consumer is important or which are clearly tailored to the personal requirements of the consumer;
- for delivery of products, which can spoil quickly or whose use-by date would be exceeded quickly;
- for delivery of alcoholic drinks, whose price was agreed at the time of concluding the contract, which however can be delivered 30 days after the conclusion of the contract at the earliest and whose current value depends on the fluctuations in the market, on which the entrepreneur has no influence;
- for delivery of newspapers, periodicals or magazines with the exception of subscription contracts.
The revocation right expires prematurely in case of contracts
- for delivery of sealed products, which are not suitable for return for reasons of health protection or hygiene if their seal has been removed after the delivery;
- for delivery of products if they have been mixed inseparably with other goods after the delivery, owing to their condition;
- for delivery of sound or video recording or computer software in a sealed package if the seal has been removed after the delivery.
Specimen - revocation form
(If you wish to revoke the contract, please fill up this form and send it back to us.)
- To Gebrüder Vinkelau GmbH, Deipenbrock 39, 48739 Legden, Fax number: +49 (0) 2566 / 70 393 - 90, Email address: firstname.lastname@example.com :
- I/we (*) herewith revoke the contract concluded by me/ us (*) regarding the purchase of the following products (*)/
the provision of the following service (*)
- Ordered on (*)/ received on (*)
- Name of the consumer(s)
- Address of the consumer(s)
- Signature of the consumer(s) (only in case of a notification on paper)
- Date
(*) Cross out the incorrect option.


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Picture Archives and Graphics Department
The Picture Archive of the Austrian National Library is Austria's biggest location of pictorial documentation. The holdings of the Archives unite three historical collections: the Portrait Collection, the Picture Archives, and the Imperial Family Fidei commis Library.
Map Department
The Map Department administers about 295,000 maps, 45,000 geographic-topographic views, 800.000 picture postcards, 700 globes, 100 reliefs and models of fortresses, and about 83,000 volumes of technical literature and atlases.
Department of Music
The Department of Music of the Austrian National Library is Austria's biggest musical archives, and at the same time a modern scholarly research library and the place where most valuable original musical manuscripts are kept.
Literary Archives
The Literary Archives of the Austrian National Library gathers lifetime and posthumous bequests of Austrian authors beginning with the 20th century and makes them available for scholarly research.
Department of Papyri
The Papyrus Collection with its 180.000 objects is one of the largest in the world. In October 2001 the Collection was included in UNESCO's list "Memory of the World" as a world documentation heritage site.
Department of Planned Languages
Since its founding in 1927 the Esperanto Museum has had a comprehensive library, which in 1990 received the title of Department of Planned Languages.
Department of Manuscripts and Rare Books
In April 2008 the "Department of Manuscripts, Autographs and Closed Collections" and the "Department of Incunabula, Old and Rare Books" were joined. Use of the holdings takes place in the Augustinian reading room.
Further Collections
Archives of the Austrian Folk Song InstituteThe Central Archives of Austrian Folk Song, now a section of the Austrian National Library, contains documents of musical and poetic expression. It has many hand-written records of texts and melodies and possesses Austria's biggest holdings of books and reviews on the topics of folk song, folk dance, and folk poetry. |


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The U.S. government filed a lawsuit against Wells Fargo & Co., today, saying the bank was reckless when it issued federally guaranteed mortgages.
"The government seeks damages and civil penalties under the False Claims Act and the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery and Enforcement Act of 1989 for alleged misconduct spanning more than a decade related to the San Francisco-based bank's participation in a Federal Housing Administration program, U.S. Attorney Preet Bharara in Manhattan said in a statement.
"'As the complaint alleges, yet another major bank has engaged in a longstanding and reckless trifecta of deficient training, deficient underwriting and deficient disclosure, all while relying on the convenient backstop of government insurance,' Bharara said in the statement.
"The FHA has paid hundreds of millions of dollars in insurance claims on thousands of mortgages that defaulted in connection with the FHA's Direct Endorsement Lender Program as a result of false certifications by Wells Fargo, according to the complaint."
The Wall Street Journal reports that the government alleges the misconduct dates back to 2001. Essentially, the U.S. says the company issued more than 100,000 loans it said met Federal Housing Administration requirements when they did not.
"The complaint alleges that the bank knew that in at least half the cases those loans didn't meet federal requirements that would allow them to be insured by the government," the Journal reports.
Wells Fargo denied the allegations.
""Many of the issues in the lawsuit had been previously addressed with HUD," Wells Fargo said in a statement emailed to The Los Angeles Times. "Wells Fargo is the leading FHA lender and has acted as a prudent and responsible lender with FHA delinquency rates that have been as low as half the industry average. The Bank will present facts to vigorously defend itself against this action. Wells Fargo is proud of its long involvement in the FHA program, which has helped so many people obtain affordable mortgages and become homeowners."
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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Welcome to Fedora
The Fedora Project is a partnership of Free software community members from around the globe. The Fedora Project builds open source software communities and produces a Linux distribution called Fedora.
The Fedora Project's mission is to lead the advancement of Free and open source software and content as a collaborative community. The three elements of this mission are clear:
The Fedora Project always strives to lead, not follow.
The Fedora Project consistently seeks to create, improve, and spread Free/Libre code and content.
The Fedora Project succeeds through shared action on the part of many people throughout our community.
To find out more general information about Fedora, refer to the following pages, on the Fedora Project Wiki:
Need Help?
There are a number of places you can get assistance should you run into problems.
If you run into a problem and would like some assistance, go to https://ask.fedoraproject.org. Many answers are already there, but if you don't find yours, you can simply post a new question. This has the advantage that anyone else with the same problem can find the answer, too.
You may also find assistance on the #fedora
channel on the IRC net irc.freenode.net
. Keep in mind that the channel is populated by volunteers wanting to help, but folks knowledgeable about a specific topic might not always be available.
Want to Contribute?
You can help the Fedora Project community continue to improve Fedora if you file bug reports and enhancement requests. Refer to Bugs And Feature Requests on the Fedora Wiki for more information about bug and feature reporting. Thank you for your participation.
Want to help? Learn how to contribute to Fedora Docs ›


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Sorry, no event was found.
St. Jacob's is a congregation of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of America. Visit the ELCA Website.
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Lots of people know Woody Guthrie's classic 1940 ballad "This Land Is Your Land," but the story behind the tune may not be as familiar.
Guthrie, who would have turned 100 this week, wrote "This Land" as a response to Irving Berlin's "God Bless America," a song he felt was overly patriotic and not directed at ordinary Americans like himself.
"He listened to the lyrics and thought that it didn't really address his people — the Okies — and what was happening in their world. So as a response, he wrote a song called 'God Blessed America' in 1940," Smithsonian Folkways archivist Jeff Place says. "And then it morphed a bit and changed."
The original version of "God Blessed America" included verses like:
As I went walking I saw a sign there
And on the sign it said "No Trespassing."
But on the other side it didn't say nothing,
That side was made for you and me.
"This Land" was later popularized by Pete Seeger, who was putting together a series of church and children's concerts around the country.
"Whenever he appeared, he played Woody Guthrie songs," says Ed Cray, who wrote the Guthrie biography Ramblin' Man. "And Pete introduced this song to most of the people who heard it."
"This Land" might be one of Guthrie's best-known songs, but it wasn't his only hit. Over the course of his career, he wrote hundreds of political songs, children's tunes and ballads, including "Pastures of Plenty" and "Pretty Boy Floyd." His music has been sung by and influenced generations of musicians, including Bruce Springsteen, John Mellencamp and Billy Bragg.
On Thursday's Fresh Air, Cray and Place, who co-produced the new box set Woody at 100, join Terry Gross for a conversation about the famous folk singer.
Interview Highlights
On Guthrie's importance in American music
Jeff Place :"When I started working at the Smithsonian 25 years ago, I started working with his actual materials — his lyric sheets and the actual audio. And the more I listened, the more I was impressed by the amount of stuff that he created and how good it was. He became the image of what later on Bob Dylan and singer-songwriters [used] — the great forefather of that kind of sound."
Ed Cray: "There was this sense of patriotism, of optimism throughout his songs... his love of country is incredibly song. Those are the characteristics Woody imbued in his songs. I would argue that those are lasting characteristics."
On why Guthrie was inspired by migrant workers
Jeff Place :"When Woody was on the air in Los Angeles, Woody also started getting involved in writing a column for The Daily Worker, and he got sent out as a roving correspondent out to the camps in California. And he saw what was happening firsthand — how these people were living — and it really affected him and politicized him more than he had been."
On Pete Seeger, Alan Lomax and Woody Guthrie
Jeff Place :"Pete was working for Alan Lomax as an intern of sorts, and Woody came down to record all of his sessions. Pete's a guy who doesn't drink or smoke, and he went on the road at one point with Woody Guthrie and did the whole Woody experience. Pete was a guy who had dropped out of Harvard from a family with long New England roots, so he changed his entire outlook on things.
"Alan Lomax met Woody Guthrie at a concert in New York and invited him down to Washington to record for the Library of Congress in the studio. And Woody also told monologues about being in Oklahoma and growing up. He stayed at Alan's house. So Alan was just so impressed by Woody. At one point, he asked Woody if he would write a little autobiographical thing he would use. And Woody gave him a giant stack of papers."
Copyright 2020 Fresh Air. To see more, visit Fresh Air.


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24 3/8"OD x 1 1/2"P Traditional Ceiling Medallion (Fits Canopies up to 5 1/2")
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This item is a Made to Order item. Returns are not accepted.


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7 Day Plastic Pill Box with Removable Tray Medication Organiser Planner (Multicolour) with Portable Tray (2 Times)
7 Day Plastic Pill Box with Removable Tray Medication Organiser Planner (Multicolour) with Portable Tray (2 Times) Description Includes morning, noon,Night and Backup sections. Each compartment measures 2cm x 2cm the pill wallet only includes a 'wallet owner information card' to write name, address, contact telephone numbers and any additional...
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7 Day Plastic Pill Box with Removable Tray Medication Organiser Planner (Multicolour) with Portable Tray (2 Times)
When you place your order, we begin arranging your items as quickly as possible. Most orders ship within 1 or 2 days. However, in peak seasons, shipment can take up to 5 business days.
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Delivery Times
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Kia Ceed Engine Parts:
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Q: What does the CHDK program do?[]
A: CHDK enhances the capabilities of your camera in a non-destructive, non-permanent way. After loading of CHDK program you will get the following functionality:
- A full list of features is available on this page
- Shooting in RAW, with RAW Average, RAW Sum, and RAW Develop features
- Shutter-priority (Tv) exposure - via shutter value override feature
- Aperture-priority (Av) exposure - via aperture value override feature
- Shutter, Aperture, and ISO Overrides
- Ultra-long shutter speeds - up to 64 seconds, and much longer on some cameras
- Ultra-fast shutter speeds - up to 1/10,000" and higher
- Customizable high-speed continuous (burst) Shutter-based (Tv), aperture-based (Av) and ISO-based exposure bracketing (unlimited shots)
- Focus bracketing (unlimited shots)
- High-speed Flash Sync at all speeds up to 1/64,000 second (even faster in some cameras)
- Script execution - including exposure bracketing, focus bracketing, intervalometer and more)
- Motion-detection trigger - automatically fires camera on motion detection. (Fast enough to capture lightning strikes.)
- USB cable remote shutter release
Interface improvements
- Custom user-editable visible Grids for framing, cropping, and alignment
- Fully customizable CHDK display, info placement, user-colors, fonts in menus, etc.
- Zebra mode (a live view of over and under-exposed areas of your picture)
- Battery indicator
- Live histogram (RGB, blended, luminance and for each RGB channel)
- RAW and Video space-remaining gauges with custom low-limit alerts
- Custom CHDK user menu (for instant recall of up to 10 favorite functions)
Extra Video Features
- 10 constant bit-rate and 99 constant-quality video compression levels
- Elimination of 1 GB video size-limit
- Zoom during video function (for cameras without this feature)
Apps and extras
- Depth-of-field (DOF) calculator, hyperfocal calculator with instant hyperfocal and infinity focus set, and more
- File browser
- Text reader
- Calendar
- Some fun tools and games ;-)
And other features too numerous to mention here. See the CHDK Firmware and Allbest Firmware usage pages for a more complete overview.
These features work on all camera models supported by CHDK. The camera does not need to have "related" or "inherent" features already present—CHDK will add the required functionality. New features are accessed through CHDK-specific menus, rather than the default camera menus.
As CHDK is continually evolving, new features are often added. Thus, some of the listed features depend on you using a version of CHDK that has those features. Check out the Downloads page for information on finding the right build for your needs.
Q. What camera models are supported by the CHDK program?[]
Please note that every camera model, and almost every firmware revision requires its own unique port. There is zero chance a port for one model will work on another.
A. Currently, the CHDK program is available for Canon powershot digital cameras of the following models:
Camera: Firmware Versions
- A410: 100e, 100f
- A420: 100b
- A430: 100b
- A450: 100d
- A460: 100d
- A470: 100e, 101a, 101b, 102c
- A480: 100b
- A490: 100d, 100e, 100f
- A495: 100d, 100e, 100f
- A530: 100a
- A540: 100b
- A550: 100c
- A560: 100a
- A570: 100e, 101a
- A580: 100c, 101b
- A590: 100e, 101b
- A610: 100d, 100e, 100f
- A620: 100f
- A630: 100c
- A640: 100b
- A650: 100d
- A700: 100b
- A710: 100a
- A720: 100c
- A800: 100b, 100c
- A810: 100b, 100d, 100e
- A1000: 100a, 100b
- A1100: 100a, 100b, 100c
- A1200: 100a, 100b, 100c
- A1300: 100b, 100d, 100e
- A1400: 100b
- A2000: 100a, 100b, 100c
- A2100: 100a
- A2200: 100b, 100c, 100d
- A2300: 100c, 100e, 100f
- A2400: 100c, 100d, 100e
- A2500: 100a
- A2600: 100c, 100d
- A3000: 100b, 100c, 100d
- A3100: 100a, 100b, 100d
- A3200: 100a, 100c, 100d
- A3300: 100a, 100c, 100d
- A3400: 100f, 101a, 101b
- A4000: 100c, 101a, 101b, 102a
- D10: 100a, 100b
- D20: 100b
- D30: 100a
- EOS M3: 101a, 120f, 121a
- EOS M10: 110d, 110f, 110g, 111a
- G1X: 100e, 100f, 100g, 101a
- G5X: 100c, 101a, 101b, 101c, 101d
- G7: 100e, 100g, 100i, 100j
- G7X: 100b, 100c, 100d
- G7X Mk 2: 101a, 110b
- G9: 100d, 100f, 100g, 100h, 100i
- G10: 102a, 103b, 104a
- G11: 100f, 100h, 100j, 100k, 100l
- G12: 100c, 100e, 100f, 100g
- G15: 100b, 100e
- G16: 100h, 101a, 101b, 101c
- IXUS30 (SD200): 100k
- IXUS40 (SD300): 100j, 100k
- IXUS50 (SD400): 101a, 101b
- IXUS55 (SD450): 100b, 100c, 100d
- IXUS60 (SD600): 100a, 100d
- IXUS65 (SD630): 100a
- IXUS70 (SD1000): 100c, 101a, 101b, 102a
- IXUS75 (SD750): 100b, 101a, 101b, 102a
- IXUS80 (SD1100): 100c, 101a, 101b
- IXUS85 (SD770): 100a, 100b
- IXUS90 (SD790): 100c, 100d, 100e
- IXUS95 (SD1200): 100b, 100c
- IXUS100 (SD780): 100b, 100c
- IXUS105 (SD1300): 100b, 100c, 100d
- IXUS110 (SD960): 100b, 101d, 101f, 101g
- IXUS115 (ELPH100HS): 100c, 101a, 101b, 101c
- IXUS120 (SD940): 100e, 101a, 102c, 103b, 103c
- IXUS125 (ELPH110HS): 100d, 100e, 101a
- IXUS130 (SD1400): 100a, 100c
- IXUS132 (ELPH115): 100b
- IXUS135 (ELPH120): 100b
- IXUS140 (ELPH130): 100a, 100b
- IXUS145 (ELPH135): 100c
- IXUS150 (ELPH140): 100c
- IXUS155 (ELPH150): 100b
- IXUS160 (ELPH160): 100a, 100b
- IXUS170 (ELPH170): 100a
- IXUS175 (ELPH180): 100a, 100b, 100c
- IXUS185: 100a
- IXUS180 (ELPH190): 100a
- IXUS190 (ELPH200): 100d. 110a
- IXUS200 (SD980): 100c, 101c, 101d
- IXUS220 (ELPH300HS): 100c, 101a, 101c, 101d, 101e, 101g
- IXUS230 (ELPH310HS): 100a, 100b, 100e
- IXUS240 (ELPH320HS): 100c, 100d, 101a, 102a
- IXUS255 (ELPH330HS): 100f, 100h
- IXUS265 (ELPH340HS): 100a, 100c
- IXUS275 (ELPH350HS): 100a
- IXUS285 (ELPH360HS): 100b, 100c
- IXUS300 (SD4000): 100d
- IXUS310 (ELPH500HS): 100a, 101a, 101b, 101c
- IXUS700 (SD500): 101a, 101b
- IXUS750 (SD550): 100f, 100g, 100h
- IXUS800 (SD700): 100b, 101a, 101b
- IXUS850 (SD800): 100d, 100e
- IXUS860 (SD870): 100c
- IXUS870 (SD880): 100e, 101a, 102b
- IXUS900 (SD900): 100c
- IXUS950 (SD850): 100c
- IXUS960 (SD950): 100c, 100d
- IXUS970 (SD890): 100b, 100c, 100d, 100f
- IXUS980 (SD990): 100e, 101b
- IXUS990 (SD970): 100a, 100b
- IXUS1000 (SD4500): 100b, 100d, 100f, 101a, 102b, 102c
- IXUSIZOOM (SD30): 100e, 100f, 100g, 100h
- IXUSW (SD430): 110a
- Powershot N: 100a
- Powershot N Facebook: 100a
- S2IS: 100e, 100f, 100g, 100i
- S3IS: 100a
- S5IS: 101a, 101b
- S80: 100g, 101b
- S90: 100c, 101a, 101b, 101c
- S95: 100e, 100h, 100i, 100k
- S100: 100d, 100e, 101a, 101b, 102a
- S110: 101b, 102b, 103a
- SX1: 200h, 201a
- SX10: 100c, 101a, 101b, 102b, 103a
- SX20: 100f, 102b, 102c, 102d
- SX30: 100e, 100h, 100l, 100m, 100n, 100p
- SX40HS: 100d, 100f, 100g, 100i
- SX50HS: 100b, 100c
- SX60HS: 100b, 100c, 100f, 100g, 100h
- SX100IS: 100b, 100c
- SX110IS: 100b
- SX120IS: 100b
- SX130IS: 101c, 101d, 101f
- SX150IS: 100a
- SX160IS: 100a
- SX170IS: 100a, 101a
- SX200IS: 100c, 100d
- SX210IS: 100c
- SX220HS: 100a, 101a, 101b, 101c, 101e
- SX230HS: 100c, 101a, 101b, 101c, 101e
- SX240HS: 100a, 100c, 101a
- SX260HS: 100b, 100c, 101a
- SX270HS: 102b, 102c
- SX275HS: 102b, 102c
- SX280HS: 102b, 102c, 102d
- SX400IS: 100b
- SX410IS: 100b, 100c
- SX420IS: 100a, 110a
- SX430IS: 100b
- SX500IS: 100c, 100d, 100e
- SX510HS: 100a, 100c, 100d, 101a
- SX520HS: 100b, 100c
- SX530HS: 100a, 100c
- SX600HS: 100d, 100f
- SX610HS: 100a
- SX620HS: 100b, 100c, 110a
- SX700HS: 100d, 100e
- SX710HS: 100a, 101a
- SX730HS: 100b, 100c, 100d, 100e
- TX1: 100g, 101b
Firmware versions in green are available in stable and/or dev for download
Firmware versions in gray do not have official CHDK releases. Check porting status here
For the development status of not-yet-supported cameras, see For Developers.
It is likely that any Canon Powershot based on the DIGIC II, DIGIC III or DIGIC 4 platforms can be supported, although it is impossible to be sure until someone starts work on a particular model.
- If your camera model is not listed here then there is no CHDK for it at the present time!
- See also Unsupported Cameras, Adding support for a new camera and Q. My camera isn't ported yet. Is a port planned ? When will it be ready ? How can I help ?
For camera models currently in development see For Developers
For technical reasons some cameras will never be supported by CHDK. These include:
- Canon DSLRs. See the DSLR development forum and Magic Lantern for the development of other firmware addons for these cameras.
- Digic I or older Canon P&S, see Unsupported_Cameras
- Digic DV based Canon camcorders. See Category:Camcorders and this thread for some information on these cameras.
- Cameras from other manufacturers (Nikon, Samsung, Panasonic etc...) See the Non-CANON cameras development forum for discussion of reverse engineering other cameras.
Q. My camera isn't ported yet. Is a port planned ? When will it be ready ? How can I help ?[]
A. CHDK ports don't happen on a schedule. There is no plan, and there is no CHDK organization that specifies which port happens next. If there is work being done on a camera, there will be a development thread in the CHDK forum and maybe something about it on that model's wiki page. If there is no mention of development activity on the wiki or forum, there is no reason to ask about that camera's status: It is not supported, and there is no way for anyone to know if or when it might be supported. Your guess is as good as ours.
A port of a new camera model happens if and only if there is a developer who has the camera and sufficient time, motivation and skill to complete the port. If this describes you, then you may be able to help. Start by reading For Developers. You can also obtain a firmware dump of your camera to submit for future developers, and once a port is started, you may be able to help with testing.
If your camera model is supported, but your particular firmware version isn't, a developer is still needed although they may be able to do it without access to the camera. There still isn't any schedule. In rare cases, you may be able to update your cameras firmware to a supported version. See Q. How can I get the original firmware version number of my camera
Finally, please do not volunteer as a tester hoping that will attract a developer to work on your camera. If you are actually willing to spend hours and hours trying different builds of the CHDK software and live through crashes and reloads and partially working software, and then document in detail what you discover, the developers will welcome your help. But testing does not mean "I want to try a fully working version of CHDK on my camera and let you know that it works."
Note : there are several CHDK camera ports that have not been released due to a lack of testing. You can look at this page to see if your camera is one of them and maybe help out : Test releases not available in autobuilds
Q. How can I get the original firmware version number of my camera?[]
For Windows, Mac and Linux users there is a tool available to identify the firmware version of your camera and automatically download the right build - ACID. There's also a German and Spanish version. Windows users can also extract the firmware version number with wim's CameraVersion tool The alternative autobuild site can also be used: Select a branch and then use the "Find Build by Image" area with an image from the camera |
Most cameras released after 2013 do not support the ver.req / vers.req trick described below. Use the ACID tools linked above to get the firmware version |
A. To get the real version number for your camera, you need to have a file called ver.req placed in the root of your SD card. Note that ver.req is just an empty file - it needs to exist but does not need to contain anything. Start your camera in playback mode. Press and hold FUNC./SET followed by the DISP button (on some cameras, the second key may not be DISP. For example, D10 uses DOWN The cameras wiki page should specify if another key is used.) Advanced firmware information should be displayed, including the real firmware version (something like GM1.XXY).
If this doesn't work, check the following information carefully:
- create a file called ver.req or vers.req in the root directory of your SD card (see below).
- IMPORTANT: Note that it is spelled ver.req or vers.req, as in VERsion REQuest or VERSion REQuest, that Q is NOT a G, Type it correctly!!!
- switch on the camera in playback mode and wait for the main screen (caution: switching on in rec mode and changing to playback later with open lens does not work with all models!)
- press the func set+disp. buttons together (i.e. press set first, keep holding it down, then press disp.).
You will see Model Name, P-ID, a string like Firmware Ver GM1.00E, Error State and Firmware Date. The 1.00E part is the firmware version.
- when keeping func set hold and pressing disp. twice, the line "Adj Ver.00X.00X appears.
- when keeping func set hold and pressing disp. three times, the line "Adj Ver.00X.00X appears together with IS Firmware Version and IS Parameter Version when having a card inserted with ver.req. When having a card with vers.req inserted, the numbers of "Total Shoot", "Open Shutter" and "Close Shutter" appear.
- For certain camera models, make sure that the last file on your card is a still image, not a movie clip. If it is a movie, the directions may not work on all cameras. Just take an image of anything, try again and it should work.
- For the SX200 camera, the A480, the SD1200IS (IXUS95IS), the SD780IS, and the D10, press and hold the func set button and while holding it press and release the garbage/self timer button (by moving your thumb down a bit). You can press the button to a maximum of 3 times while still holding the func set button to get different information at each time (the first time you press it, you get the firmware version).
Creating the ver.req or vers.req file
- Windows based systems
- Download Card Tricks and start it. Select card, click Format as FAT: done, ver.req is now on your card. Note: this will only be done if you have memory card up to 4 GB.
- One manual way to create this file is to bring up cmd shell and type:
echo > ver.req <ENTER>
- and copy the ver.req file to your SD card.
- Another way to create this file: make an empty text file with Notepad and rename it to "ver.req".
- Yet another way to create the file is to open the memory card in My Computer, right click inside the window and select New... and then Text Document. An empty text document will be created and you can rename it to "ver.req" (be sure to have windows display the file-extension, otherwise it will become "ver.req.txt").
- GNU/Linux or *nix based systems
- Or on *nix (Linux,Solaris,BSD etc) based systems, from the shell cd to your SD card's mount point and run the following command:
touch ver.req
- Mac based systems
- Use the Linux/*nix method above in the Terminal application, or, open a blank document in TextEdit, then choose save, and save as ver.req , then select the root folder on your memory card from the menu provided.
Important: in the Save drop-down menu, change plain text encoding from Western (Mac OS Roman) to Unicode (UTF-16), and uncheck "if no extension is provided, use .txt" (if you don't see these options then you need to select "Make Plain Text" from the Format menu). Then click on Save.
Note: your camera's firmware version is NOT 184.108.40.206 or 184.108.40.206 ! It's a number that looks similar to this example: 1.01e. If you get a number like 188.8.131.52, then you did not do it properly and probably the ver.req or vers.req file in the root directory of the inserted SD-card is missing. Create that file or move/copy it to the card and try again !
Newer cameras also support a "vers.req" file in the same way. Note that it is called "vers.req" and not just "ver.req". That extra S in the filename allows you to even see the total number of shots that have been taken with your camera (taken movies are not counted) with the same keys pressed multiple times. For further info see this forum thread
- In cameras that support vers.req, ver.req may no longer work, and all you'll get when you press [SET]+[DISP] will be the time clock. If this happens, you need to create "vers.req" instead of "ver.req" on your SD card (or create both to be sure). Then pressing [SET]+[DISP] will get you the version information instead of the time clock.
- Most newer cameras (e.g. the G9 and the G10) support both, vers.req and ver.req; having one or another on the SD card will provide you with two independent sets of data after you press [SET]+[DISP]. Having both files on the card at the same time will make camera act as if there is only vers.req file present.
Q. How can I update the original Canon firmware?[]
A. Changing the firmware version of a camera requires a firmware update file from Canon. A typical Canon camera will usually be manufactured with several different firmware versions over the life of the model. However, Canon very rarely issues firmware update files unless a serious bug is discovered. What you have on your camera is most likely what you are stuck with.
Official Canon firmware updates (if available) can be found here at the Canon website or in this list here.
Note: You cannot update your firmware from a CHDK "firmware dump". These PRIMARY.BIN files are only useful for CHDK development purposes - you cannot load them back onto a camera.
Attention: firmware updates will permanently change the firmware of your camera (unlike the CHDK program, which is only temporary). If anything goes wrong during the update process (for example because you tried it when the batteries were low), you may end up with a dead camera.
A620 Firmware : information about an unofficial upgrade of A620 firmware from an early version to version 1.00f can be found at this message. The 1.00f firmware mentioned can be obtained from this link. Please note that using one of these updates may void your warranty. If you do update the firmware in your A620 be sure to delete the file (PSA620.FIR) from your memory card before you run CHDK, otherwise CHDK won't run.
Q. Does using the CHDK program void your warranty?[]
A. First, please bear in mind that CHDK comes with no warranty for any use; you use it at your own risk. What follows is just a few thoughts, and is not a legal opinion. Many believe that using the CHDK does not harm your warranty, since it is said to be loaded into the memory only temporarily (turn off the cam and it's gone completely) and that it leaves the original camera firmware untouched.
Canon Tech Support says: "Unfortunately, any upgrades to the software of the camera not performed by an authorized Canon Repair Facility, would void the warranty." ... and ... In further discussion with Canon about this specific hack, their response is: "If it is not Canon firmware the warranty would be void."
Is it an "upgrade" of the camera firmware when the firmware remains untouched? It's up to you to decide. Don't use it if you are not willing to take the slightest chance. Many many people have used CHDK on their cameras (including some very experimental versions) and there is no report of any permanent malfunction. Thus, CHDK appears to be quite safe to use as long as you make sure that it's the CHDK and not a real firmware update (A real firmware update which is not an official Canon update could alter or completely screw up the camera and will void the warranty). Addressing their second comment (i.e. "if it is not Canon firmware"): CHDK is NOT firmware. By very definition, FIRMware is software that remains in the memory of the device when it is not using any power-source.
However, this is not a legal opinion and the user accepts all risk of using it. And as a practical matter, if you send your camera in for warranty service, and Canon says your warranty is void because they found evidence of CHDK on your memory card, there is not much you can really do (what are you going to do? Spend thousands of dollars suing them to get your camera repaired?)
However, you can just wipe or remove the card. ;)
NOTE Under some circumstances, a memory card is not be needed to determine that CHDK has been run on the camera. The canon firmware writes a log to internal flash when a crash is detected, and this could contain signs of CHDK.
> This is to report that I had to send in my A710 IS for repairs when the play/capture switch stopped functioning reliably. I had used the CHDK but did remove the SD card before posting it. The letter I received along with the camera indicates that some parts were replaced, i.e. it was a hardware defect. The camera was under full warranty and I did not have to pay for the repairs. This dates back around March 2007.
>One guy asked the warranty question to Canon support through email:
Hello, Will CHDK violate the warranty of my Powershot A720? CHDK is a kind of software program on a SD card and gets loaded into the camera's memory upon bootup. It provides additional functionality beyond that currently provided by the native camera firmware, it provides for example an "always on" full range Battery indicator. So does this CHDK software violate the warranty of my camera? Thank you for answering my question. Sincerely, Cet Senol
And got the reply:
Dear Cet Senol: Thank you for your reply. After researching this software on the internet it appears that CHDK doesn't make any actual changes to your camera. If you delete the CHDK software from your memory card, or if you choose not to activate the CHDK software on the card (or remove and replace the batteries), then the camera will behave absolutely normally - nothing has been (or ever is) changed, so the warranty is not affected. We hope this information is helpful to you. Please let us know if we can be of any further assistance with your A720 IS camera. Thank you for choosing Canon. Sincerely, Joann Technical Support Representative
please note - under most countries' laws, service agents cannot refuse warranty work unless they can prove that your actions outside the warranty contract have caused the malfunction.
Q. Can CHDK damage your camera ?[]
Short answer: Yes. It is unlikely, but theoretically possible. As stated above CHDK comes with no warranty for any use; you use it at your own risk. CHDK is created by reverse engineering an undocumented system that directly controls hardware. Because of this, it is impossible to be certain that it is completely safe. There have been no confirmed cases of CHDK damaging a camera, but in some cases it would be very difficult to distinguish between coincidental failures and failures caused in part by CHDK.
Long answer: It is unlikely that CHDK will permanently harm your camera. Both the original firmware and the CHDK developers do their best to avoid situations where this could happen. There are at least three ways in which CHDK could theoretically do damage:
- By commanding physical hardware to do something it was not designed to do. For example, it is possible to command the lens hardware to move when the lens is closed. It is also possible to move lens hardware beyond limits allowed by Canons firmware, using scripts or overrides. See UBASIC/Scripts:_Tele-Macro-Mode and Talk:UBASIC/Scripts#Tele-Super-Macro_Mode_Comments. It's worth noting that neither of these cases have resulted in actual damage, and both required direct input from the user. Any extreme override that relates to physical hardware may also fall into this category.
- By overwriting the internal flash ROM where the Canon firmware is kept, rendering the camera un-bootable. Since CHDK does not ever intentionally write to internal flash, it would take an extremely unlikely sequence of events to make this happen.
- By sending invalid information to a Canon function that ultimately causes something to be written to internal flash ROM.
If you are concerned about this, you can minimize your risk by avoiding untested development builds (test builds posted on the forum, early betas, new hardware related features), being careful about what scripts you run, and avoiding extreme overrides. Ports that have been in circulation for a long time are likely to be safer than brand new betas.
The page Camera failures suspected to be caused by CHDK exists to track suspected failures.
Q. Where can I find a changelog of the CHDK program?[]
A. Go to the ChangeLog Page. Click on the Chgset number of the build you want to know about and read the log message. For CHDK archaeology, go here Older ChangeLog Page or Even older ChangeLog Page ;)
Q. I'm confused! What do I download? How is CHDK organized?[]
A. As CHDK is a collaborative effort, there is only an informal "structure" and there have been many versions of CHDK released. However, with the passage of time, many of the early versions of CHDK have become obsolete so there are really only five versions now being maintained :
- The "stable" release of CHDK, where changes are limited to serious bug fixes
- The "developement" version of CHDK, where new feature and cameras are added and made available for testing
- The "German" versions of CHDK (called CHDK-DE), which are very similiar to the stable and development versions of CHDK.
- An early offshoot of CHDK called SDM (for Stereo Data Maker) devoted primarily to stereo photography and maintained by microfunguy.
In addition, CHDK really consists of two major portions: the CHDK program itself, and many user-developed "scripts" that run on the CHDK platform.
In the CHDK wiki and forum, you may find references to historical versions, such as GrAnds build (the original CHDK), MX3, Allbest, MoreBest or Juciphox. The features from these have generally been incorporated into the current stable release and they are no longer actively maintained.
Still confused? Start with the CHDK stable build from the Downloads page.
If there is no trunk build for your camera, you may find one in the CHDK-DE autobuilds
Q. What is an "Autobuild"?[]
A. An "Autobuild" version is a version of CHDK that is still under development. As the developers compile new versions to test, their efforts are "automatically built" and made available on the web for beta testing.
As with most beta software, not all new features have been fully tested. Some features may not work with all camera models. Your feedback and bug-reports concerning these new builds are welcome on the CHDK forum.
Newcomers may find it more comfortable to not use an Autobuild, unless it is necessary to run CHDK on your camera.
Although CHDK does not make any changes to the actual firmware on your camera, it may be possible to cause mechanical damage to your camera, but this is extremely unlikely due to the safeguards put in place by Canon - most people prefer to work with software that has been thoroughly debugged.
Q. How do I get CHDK onto my camera's SD memory card?[]
Current documentation for SD card formatting is here : Bootable_SD_card
Q. What is the root directory of my SD card?[]
A. The root directory is the first or top-most directory. If your SD card has the drive letter "K", then the root directory is "K:\".
Q. Okay, but what is the root directory of my SD card (when using a Mac)?
A. It's what you see when you double click the SD card icon on your desktop and a window opens.
Q. Do I need a PC card reader, or is it sufficient to connect the cam to the PC?[]
A. You will need an SD card reader connected to your computer (or installed in the computer) to install CHDK. This is the easiest and most convenient way to install CHDK.
Another option is to use a camera which behaves as a USB Mass Storage device. Even if your camera does not support this feature, you may be able to borrow such a camera from a friend for the installation procedure.
Finally, using the PTP protocal and a program like CHDK_PTP.EXE, it is possible to load CHDK directly onto your camera. However, this typically is not a good way to try and install CHDK if this is your first time.
Note : many cheap readers have no sensor for the write protection switch on the card, and this is great. Otherwise, you have to switch the card to "unlocked" everytime you want to put something on the card.
Q. When I switch my camera off and then on, CHDK no longer works. What's wrong?[]
A. When you use the firmware update method to load your camera with CHDK, it doesn't actually change the firmware. Because it is just a memory-resident program, it only remains in the camera's memory until the camera is turned off. You need to reload CHDK each time you start your camera. If something goes wrong and camera does not respond, you only need to switch the camera off or remove the battery (and perhaps delete CHDK from the memory card) to return to the original firmware.
Note : CHDK also has the ability to autoload (see the next answer). If you remove the memory card containing CHDK or disable the "SD Card Lock", CHDK will no longer load the next time you start your camera.
Q. How can I make the CHDK program load automatically at startup?[]
A. You probably should start by looking at this page : Prepare_your_SD_card and use the STICK utility linked at the top.
However, if you want to try the old way of doing this, its preserved in the text below :
You have to do the following actions:
- Copy the files PS.fir (or PS.FI2) and DISKBOOT.bin into the root folder of your SD card (if you have not already done so).
- Load the CHDK program as described above.
- Enter <ALT> mode.
- Press Menu to enter the CHDK main menu.
- Go to "Debug Parameters" or "Miscellaneous Stuff" (in more recent builds) in the Menu on the screen.
- Select "Make Card Bootable". (It won't seem like anything happened. don't worry)
- Switch off the camera and take out the SD-card
- Lock your SD-card. This is mandatory. (But you will still be able to record pictures, it's only a software mechanism)
- Reinsert the card back into the camera.
From now on, CHDK will load automatically on startup until you unlock the card again.
You will have to write-protect your SD card everytime you want to use CHDK, but this will still allow you to take pictures. If the camera still reports that the SD-card is locked, something is missing, CHDK is not loaded.
Note: On cameras released prior to 2011 (vxworks or DryOS < r47) autostart only works on FAT16 or FAT12. This means on these cameras, cards up to and including 2 GB will work, cards larger than 2 GB won't (except 4 GB with non-standard FAT16 format, see Note2). If your model has multi-partition support, you may be able to use larger cards through the use of a small boot partition.
Note2: 4 GB cards can support the autoload feature if they are formated in FAT16 manually. To format SD-card in Windows command line just type 'format X: /fs:fat' (where X: - a drive letter of mounted SD-card). But be aware that the formatting of 4 GB cards in FAT16 leads to non-standard 64K cluster size. The correct support of such cluster size is not guaranteed, but no problems have been reported so far. For Windows GUI formatting support, you will not be able to use the standard Windows GUI to format the card as FAT16 because of the cluster size issue. However, CardTricks will format your card as described, formatting with a Windows command prompt (cmd shell) is also possible. Autoload is reported to sometimes also does not work if the camera is switched on directly in record mode. This is very rare.
Q. I don't need the autoload feature temporarily/anymore. How can I disable it?[]
A1. The simplest way is to just unlock your SD-card.
A2. Delete the file DISKBOOT.bin from your flash card (or rename it).
Q. What are the key settings and shortcuts?[]
A. Here is a list of important key settings and shortcuts. Have a look at the CHDK User Manual for detailed explanations. Note that you can press and hold down certain keys to simulate pressing this key multiple times, just like your PC keyboard.
note Some cameras may be different from what is described below. Check the wiki page for your model.
camera-specific key settings:
- Enter <ALT> mode:
- - direct print button for A and IXUS/SD-series cams
- - user selectable button for S-series * ( shortcut by default )
- * See the Firmware Usage pages of <ALT> mode and/or Miscellaneous Menu on how to select and use the button of your choice for entering and exiting <ALT> mode.
- Toggle RAW on/off:
- - <ALT> + +/- button for A-series
- - <ALT> + func button for S-series
- - <ALT> + erase button for G-series
- - <ALT> + DISP button for IXUS/SD-series
universal keys and shortcuts:
- Start a script: <ALT>+shoot
- Open "scripting parameters" menu: <ALT>+set
- Enter the main configuration menu: <ALT>+menu
- Toggle Zebra mode on/off: half shoot+left
- Toggle Histogram on/off: half shoot+up (on recent versions half shoot+down)
- Toggle OSD on/off: half shoot+right
- Scroll-By-page in File Browser and File Reader modes: zoom-in / zoom-out / half-shoot (scroll one page forward in File Reader mode)
- (main configuration menu) Go back one menu level: display
- (OSD layout editor) Change the amount of pixels the OSD (on-screen display) elements are moved: display
- (File Browser) Open context menu: left
Q. How do I use scripts?[]
A. CHDK allows you to automate your camera by running "scripts", small and simple programs written in a short-hand version of BASIC. You can find some pre-made scripts like bracketing, intervalometer etc. here or write your own scripts using the scripting language. To use a script, you have to do this:
- Put the script you want to use into the CHDK/SCRIPTS-folder on your SD card. (The file extension will be .BAS for UBASIC scripts, or .LUA for Lua)
- Load the script (main menu>scripting parameters>load script from file) and adjust script parameters as needed
- To run the script, press the shutter button while in <alt> mode. You can also stop it by pressing the shutter button again.
If your script does not work properly, try to increase the "script shoot delay" parameter, which is a small time-delay after a shot is taken, before the next line of the script is executed. Some scripts also may require certain camera settings. For example the generic bracketing script: go to menu>review and switch it to "off". Use P, Tv, Av or M mode and activate the camera function where you want to have bracketing. For example: Activate the focus slider when you want to have focus bracketing. Activate the exposure compensation slider in P mode when you want to have exposure bracketing, and so on.
Q. I've shot some RAW pictures. How do I process them?[]
A. CHDK supports two raw formats: DNG and "CHDK Raw".
- DNG is open industry standard, and is compatible with many standard image processing programs. To shoot DNG, you must first use 'create badpixel.bin' in the raw menu. See the CHDK_User_Manual#DNG_format CHDK User manual for more information.
- "CHDK raw" is not in any standard format. Technically it's not a format at all, it's just a dump of the camera sensor. This means that different models raws are in different formats, and programs which support CHDK raw need to be updated for new models. Some programs which do support CHDK raws from many models are listed in Software#RAW_Conversion.
Note It is important to understand that the file extension is not the same as the file format. CHDK raws and DNGs are frequently saved with a .CRW or .CR2 extension, but they are NOT in Canon formats that typically use these extensions. In windows, file extensions may be hidden, and the "file type" display by windows is in fact the extension, not the format of the data inside the file.
See the Raw page on the wiki, and the raw subforum for more information.
Q. My RAW/DNG files are distorted, what's wrong?[]
A. Nothing is wrong. Many modern cameras correct for various lens issues in software before saving the image in a JPG file. RAW (including DNG) is the original image from the sensor so it doesn't include these corrections. You can use software on your PC to perform similar corrections.
Q. May I suggest a new feature?[]
A. Yes you certainly can, although not every wish can be fulfilled. Please note that the CHDK is not able to change any standard behaviour of the camera, because it does not modify the original firmware. CHDK can just "extend" current functionality.
Here is a list of "Frequently Suggested Features":
- Possible
- Support for more camera models
- In theory the CHDK can be ported on every Digic II - Digic IV camera, but this takes time and a firmware or firmware dump (which you might be able to provide if a firmware dumper is available for your model). If the new cam is very different internally/externally from already supported models, it would be very difficult to port the CHDK without actually having the camera, because heavy testing would be required.
- Suggested, but (almost certainly) not possible at all
- SDHC support for cams which don't have it: not possible since this is a hardware limitation of the camera (hardware limitation? or software limitation in main firmware? SDHC just has different fs header, see Rockbox port for Sansa e200, SDHC Support patch)
- 640x480, etc with different frame-rates (A460, A530: only 10fps for 640x480)
- Video resolution larger than available in canon firmware.
- These require the changes in hardware part.
If a feature that you have in mind hasn't already been requested or wouldn't be impossible to do, please feel free to suggest it in the forum [1].
Q. What can I use exposure/focus bracketing for?[]
A. You may use exposure bracketing to take several different exposures; you then choose the best one, or, with tripod shots, you may blend them, average them, or whatever you wish.
Also, exposure bracketing essential for making a high dynamic range photo. See these links for tutorials or try one of these tools: Photomatix (demo available), Traumflieger-DRI-Tool (freeware; no installation required; just load your pictures and click "start"), or Enfusion (freeware; minimalist GUI for Enfuse).
You can use focus bracketing to increase the DOF (depth of field) of a photo using a method called "Focus Stacking". This is especially useful for macros, because often the DOF is so shallow that large parts of the picture will be blurred. Just load your pictures into CombineZM (freeware), click "Macro>Do Stack" and they will be combined into one photo with large depth of field. It has been recently updated so you may want to see what's new. There is also "Picolay" another freeware focus-stacking utility that seems much simpler to use. More freeware (and costware) focus-stacking utilities and tutorial links can be found on this page "Focus-Stacking Tools".
See also, "DoF" Stacking using CHDK Focus Bracketing & CombineZM.
For aligning bracketing shots it is best that you use a tripod and don't shoot moving objects, so the different pictures will match perfectly. In the event that you are using hand-held bracketed exposures and each frame is not perfectly aligned, you can often have success with a freeware utility called "HDR Alignment Tool" (download link and discussion). But for best results it's always better to start out with perfect alignment in the beginning by using a tripod. "HDR Alignment Tool" will, however, fix most all of your alignment problems admirably.
Q. Why won't my Remote-Capture programs work?[]
A. If you are using programs like Remote Capture from Canon, "Cam4you Remote" (the best I've ever found! ~keo~), "PSRemote" (runs for over a year now, included is a dll and sample c code), or "Time-Lapse" (has a nifty geo position function to compensate for changing sunrise/set) they need to do a "hand-shake" with the camera when first connecting to the camera. CHDK's slight delay on boot-up might/will prevent these programs from connecting to the camera properly. Just remove your SD card and UN-lock (write-enable) the card to turn off CHDK's auto-booting feature. Or if not using the auto-booting feature, power-up the camera without CHDK running. These remote-capture programs should then connect just like they always had. Perhaps future versions of these programs might be updated for CHDK capable cameras so they will work in conjunction with it, vastly improving their own software's capabilities too by running complex/beneficial CHDK scripts remotely. Requests to the authors might help.
Q. Does the CHDK program consume additional battery power?[]
A1. (wise guy answer) Yes, because you will use your camera more often!
A2. The dreaded and mysterious battery-drain issue. You'll find out that not only does your camera get warmer, but that your batteries drain 10x's as fast at first. Fear not, this has nothing to do with CHDK itself. It has to do with how much you are trying to make your camera do things which you've never done before. 10+ shot bracketing sequences, intervalometer tests, checking out all the scripts, taking hours to find your favorite colors for all the features, tweaking your OSD (screen) layout, comparing histogram types, setting/testing Zebra mode sensitivities, loading all the Grid files and trying to decide on a favorite, testing the file reader on a favorite e-book, getting lost in Sokoban or Reversi, etc., etc. Not being able to put the camera down for many hours during your exploring and making it do new things. You may claim that this happened after only for 10 minutes of using CHDK, but I think if you really timed this you'll find out you've been at it for hours. (Time flies when you're having fun.) There is also a psychological effect with having that battery meter. NiMH batteries quickly drop down from their topped-off voltage to a more average base voltage during use. You see this quick drop in the meter after first using fresh batteries and think it is always dropping that fast. This "CHDK is a huge battery drain" effect/perception wears off after about 3 months of playing with and familiarizing yourself with CHDK, You might want to consider 2 more sets of rechargeable batteries (always keeping 2 other sets topped-off, a high-speed charger might help) until this issue has resolved itself. :)
B. Some people measured the battery consumption rate and found that using the CHDK does not affect battery consumption (either not at all, or just minimally). It makes no difference whether the live histogram etc. is activated or not, because the CPU of the camera is always running (looking for keyboard presses in the loop) and the histogram is calculated even if it is not displayed.
CHDK users also tend to half-press the shoot button more often than regular users, as this allows them to see not only the green/yellow rectangle, but also the histogram, zebra, etc. Keeping in mind that this also is constantly engaging auto-focus and other more power-hungry camera functions more often.
If you are interested in the details about which camera mode consumes how much battery power, you can find the details here.
USER OPINION: This is rubbish. After installing CHDK, the battery life on my IXUS 100IS dropped from lasting around a week of casual use to barely lasting a day. The notion that this is just an illusion caused by us users being too stupid to notice that we are using their cameras more is disingenuous and patronising. ANOTHER USER"S OPINION : I run CHDK on four cameras, do lots of script development and some core code development. I don't see the 80% reduction the previous user claims or anything like that. However, I will point out that CHDK disables the Canon autoshutdown feature, so if you don't actually turn your camera off with the switch when not shooting, your battery life will go down.
Q. What is the Histogram/Zebra data based on? JPEG or RAW?[]
It's based on the image preview or more technically, the liveview imagebuffer containing YUV data.
Q. Can CHDK let me bypass the 4G file size limit for video recording?[]
The limit on the size of video files to 4G is a result of the FAT file format used on the SD card and not something mandated by Canon. To overcome this, you can use a CHDK script that will periodically restart video recording after a brief pause. See this wiki page : Continuous Video
Q. Why don't the extreme override settings work?[]
I can't get my camera to take a 2-minute exposure even though I set it to 120 seconds. And why can't I get an ISO of 3200 when I set it for that? Also: Is there a list where I can compare CHDK-capable cameras to select one which will fill my needs based on its new and improved capabilities?
A. See this page and chart about all the new override settings (in the latest builds of CHDK) for each particular camera model: New Camera Capabilities with CHDK
- (A work in progress, please contribute your camera's ratings.)
Q. In what ways are the cchdk.cfgs compatible to each other?[]
Can i use the same *.cfg file on several sdcards and for several different camera models?
A. Since mid-september 08 you can use any cchdk.cfg on any Versions of CHDK, including upcoming releases * - if not we will make an announcement or probably just rename the config file. You can use the same cfg on several sdcards without a problem - however you should NOT use a cfg from another camera model, i.e. a cfg from a G9 in an ixus - they are probably not compatible to each other. Also note that if you copy the whole content of an SD card to another sdcard in order to use it on another camera (be it another model (i.e. g9 vs. ixus) or the same model) some things might not work so well, for example the badpixel file - it differs from camera to camera. Also the *.edg files will at least differ from different models.
- We are talking about official CHDK versions (Mainly the autobuild). If you use other people's branches or experimental builds we cannot guarantee that it will work - always backup your cfgs when you switch to another (non-official-CHDK-) build! Often the cfgs are NOT compatible to each other! This does not apply to Microfunguy's SDM build - it uses another name for the cfg.
Q. I have a Mac, how do I use CHDK?[]
Q. I can't seem to get CHDK to run on any SD card I put it on. Or after I have managed to get it working I can't get CHDK to run any scripts written for my camera!
A. If you are using CHDK with a mac, go to the Mac FAQ page.
All your questions regarding installation will be answered there.
Q. CHDK works, but sometimes my camera crashes. Is it a bug?[]
A. It may be a bug, especially if the CHDK port for your camera is new. But often crashes occur due to the lack of RAM, especially if you are using a camera with little available RAM such as A710IS, A630 or A570IS. Neither Canon firmware nor CHDK output errors or warnings about the lack of RAM. There are ways to conserve RAM, please read CHDK/Camera RAM memory usage for more information.
Q : Why does the photo of CRW or CR2 couldn't be readed by Dpp (Digital Photo Professional)? thank you![]
A : Please read through this : http://chdk.wikia.com/wiki/Raw and http://chdk.setepontos.com/index.php?topic=1532
Q. I installed CHDK, and now my camera only starts in playback (picture review) mode, how can I take pictures?[]
A. On many cameras, CHDK always starts in play (picture review) mode when the camera is powered on by clicking the power button. In most cases, holding the power button slightly longer will start the camera in record (picture taking) mode. You can also switch from play to record mode by half pressing the shutter button at any time.
Q. What is "record mode" or "rec mode"?[]
A. Also known as "shooting mode", it's the camera mode that allows you to shoot (take pictures).
Q. How should I cite CHDK an academic publication?[]
A. We recommend
- CHDK Development Team (YEAR). Canon Hack Development Kit. URL http://chdk.wikia.com/wiki/CHDK
See http://chdk.setepontos.com/index.php?topic=12508.0 for discussion.
Q. I saw a message about "Possible Canon ROM corruption" at CHDK startup, what does it mean?[]
A. See Canon Firmware Corruption.