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Ukraine Population: 43,952,299
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History | |
Ukraine was the center of the first eastern Slavic state, Kyivan Rus, which during the 10th and 11th centuries was the largest and most powerful state in Europe. Weakened by internecine quarrels and Mongol invasions, Kyivan Rus was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and eventually into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The cultural and religious legacy of Kyivan Rus laid the foundation for Ukrainian nationalism through subsequent centuries. A new Ukrainian state, the Cossack Hetmanate, was established during the mid-17th century after an uprising against the Poles. Despite continuous Muscovite pressure, the Hetmanate managed to remain autonomous for well over 100 years. During the latter part of the 18th century, most Ukrainian ethnographic territory was absorbed by the Russian Empire. Following the collapse of czarist Russia in 1917, Ukraine achieved a short-lived period of independence (1917-20), but was reconquered and endured a brutal Soviet rule that engineered two forced famines (1921-22 and 1932-33) in which over 8 million died. In World War II, German and Soviet armies were responsible for 7 to 8 million more deaths. Although Ukraine achieved independence in 1991 with the dissolution of the USSR, democracy and prosperity remained elusive as the legacy of state control and endemic corruption stalled efforts at economic reform, privatization, and civil liberties. A peaceful mass protest referred to as the "Orange Revolution" in the closing months of 2004 forced the authorities to overturn a rigged presidential election and to allow a new internationally monitored vote that swept into power a reformist slate under Viktor YUSHCHENKO. Subsequent internal squabbles in the YUSHCHENKO camp allowed his rival Viktor YANUKOVYCH to stage a comeback in parliamentary (Rada) elections, become prime minister in August 2006, and be elected president in February 2010. In October 2012, Ukraine held Rada elections, widely criticized by Western observers as flawed due to use of government resources to favor ruling party candidates, interference with media access, and harassment of opposition candidates. President YANUKOVYCH's backtracking on a trade and cooperation agreement with the EU in November 2013 - in favor of closer economic ties with Russia - and subsequent use of force against students, civil society activists, and other civilians in favor of the agreement led to a three-month protest occupation of Kyiv's central square. The government's use of violence to break up the protest camp in February 2014 led to all out pitched battles, scores of deaths, international condemnation, and the president's abrupt departure for Russia. New elections in the spring allowed pro-West president Petro POROSHENKO to assume office in June 2014; he was succeeded by Volodymyr ZELENSKY in May 2019. Shortly after YANUKOVYCH's departure in late February 2014, Russian President PUTIN ordered the invasion of Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula falsely claiming the action was to protect ethnic Russians living there. Two weeks later, a "referendum" was held regarding the integration of Crimea into the Russian Federation. The "referendum" was condemned as illegitimate by the Ukrainian Government, the EU, the US, and the UN General Assembly (UNGA). In response to Russia's purported annexation of Crimea, 100 members of the UN passed UNGA resolution 68/262, rejecting the "referendum" as baseless and invalid and confirming the sovereignty, political independence, unity, and territorial integrity of Ukraine. Russia also continues to supply proxies in two of Ukraine's eastern provinces with manpower, funding, and materiel resulting in an armed conflict with the Ukrainian Government. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, and the unrecognized Russia proxy republics signed the Minsk Protocol and Memorandum in September 2014 to end the conflict. However, this agreement failed to stop the fighting. In a renewed attempt to alleviate ongoing clashes, leaders of Ukraine, Russia, France, and Germany negotiated a follow-on package of measures in February 2015 to implement the Minsk agreements. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, France, Germany, and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe also meet regularly to facilitate implementation of the peace deal. More than 10,000 civilians have been killed or wounded as a result of the Russian intervention in eastern Ukraine. |
Geography | |
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Location: | Eastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Poland, Romania, and Moldova in the west and Russia in the east |
Geographic coordinates: | 49 00 N, 32 00 E |
Area: | total: 603,550 sq km land: 579,330 sq km water: 24,220 sq km note: approximately 43,133 sq km, or about 7.1% of Ukraine's area, is Russian occupied; the seized area includes all of Crimea and about one-third of both Luhans'k and Donets'k oblasts Size comparison: almost four times the size of Georgia; slightly smaller than Texas |
Land Boundaries: | total: 5,618 km border countries (7): Belarus 1111 km, Hungary 128 km, Moldova 1202 km, Poland 535 km, Romania 601 km, Russia 1944 km, Slovakia 97 km |
Coastline: | 2,782 km |
Maritime claims: | territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 m or to the depth of exploitation |
Climate: | temperate continental; Mediterranean only on the southern Crimean coast; precipitation disproportionately distributed, highest in west and north, lesser in east and southeast; winters vary from cool along the Black Sea to cold farther inland; warm summers across the greater part of the country, hot in the south |
Terrain: | mostly fertile plains (steppes) and plateaus, with mountains found only in the west (the Carpathians) or in the extreme south of the Crimean Peninsula |
Natural resources: | iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil, salt, sulfur, graphite, titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber, arable land |
Land use: | agricultural land: 71.2% (2011 est.) arable land: 56.1% (2011 est.) permanent crops: 1.5% (2011 est.) permanent pasture: 13.6% (2011 est.) forest: 16.8% (2011 est.) other: 12% (2011 est.) |
Irrigated land: | 21,670 sq km (2012) |
Natural hazards: | occasional floods; occasional droughts |
Current Environment Issues: | air and water pollution; land degradation; solid waste management; biodiversity loss; deforestation; radiation contamination in the northeast from 1986 accident at Chornobyl' Nuclear Power Plant |
International Environment Agreements: | party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds |
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People | |
Nationality: | noun: Ukrainian(s) adjective: Ukrainian |
Ethnic groups: | Ukrainian 77.8%, Russian 17.3%, Belarusian 0.6%, Moldovan 0.5%, Crimean Tatar 0.5%, Bulgarian 0.4%, Hungarian 0.3%, Romanian 0.3%, Polish 0.3%, Jewish 0.2%, other 1.8% (2001 est.) |
Languages: | Ukrainian (official) 67.5%, Russian (regional language) 29.6%, other (includes small Crimean Tatar-, Moldovan/Romanian-, and Hungarian-speaking minorities) 2.9% (2001 est.) note: in February 2018, the Constitutional Court ruled that 2012 language legislation entitling a language spoken by at least 10% of an oblast's population to be given the status of "regional language" - allowing for its use in courts, schools, and other government institutions - was unconstitutional, thus making the law invalid; Ukrainian remains the country's only official nationwide language |
Religions: | Orthodox (includes Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox (UAOC), Ukrainian Orthodox - Kyiv Patriarchate (UOC-KP), Ukrainian Orthodox - Moscow Patriarchate (UOC-MP)), Ukrainian Greek Catholic, Roman Catholic, Protestant, Muslim, Jewish (2013 est.) note: Ukraine's population is overwhelmingly Christian; the vast majority - up to two-thirds - identify themselves as Orthodox, but many do not specify a particular branch; the UOC-KP and the UOC-MP each represent less than a quarter of the country's population, the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church accounts for 8-10%, and the UAOC accounts for 1-2%; Muslim and Jewish adherents each compose less than 1% of the total population |
Population: | 43,952,299 (July 2018 est.) |
Age structure: | 0-14 years: 15.95% (male 3,609,386 /female 3,400,349) 15-24 years: 9.57% (male 2,156,338 /female 2,047,821) 25-54 years: 44.03% (male 9,522,108 /female 9,831,924) 55-64 years: 13.96% (male 2,638,173 /female 3,499,718) 65 years and over: 16.49% (male 2,433,718 /female 4,812,764) (2018 est.) |
Dependency ratios: | total dependency ratio: 44.8 (2015 est.) youth dependency ratio: 21.8 (2015 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 23 (2015 est.) potential support ratio: 4.3 (2015 est.) note: data include Crimea |
Median age: | total: 40.8 years male: 37.7 years female: 43.9 years (2018 est.) |
Population growth rate: | 0.04% (2018 est.) |
Birth rate: | 10.1 births/1,000 population (2018 est.) |
Death rate: | 14.3 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.) |
Net migration rate: | 4.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2018 est.) |
Urbanization: | urban population: 69.4% of total population (2018) rate of urbanization: -0.33% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.) |
Major urban areas - population: | 2.957 million KYIV (capital) 1.436 million Kharkiv 1.01 million Odesa 969,000 Dnipropetrovsk 919,000 Donetsk (2018) |
Sex ratio: | at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.75 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.51 male(s)/female total population: 0.86 male(s)/female (2018 est.) Mother's mean age at first birth: 24.9 years (2014 est.) |
Maternal mortality rate: | 24 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.) |
Infant mortality rate: | total: 7.7 deaths/1,000 live births male: 8.6 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.) |
Life expectancy at birth: | total population: 72.4 years male: 67.7 years female: 77.4 years (2018 est.) |
Total fertility rate: | 1.55 children born/woman (2018 est.) |
Contraceptive prevalence rate: | 65.4% (2012) |
Physicians density: | 3.01 physicians/1,000 population (2014) |
Hospital bed density: | 8.8 beds/1,000 population (2013) |
Drinking water source: | improved: urban: 95.5% of population rural: 97.8% of population total: 96.2% of population unimproved: urban: 4.5% of population rural: 2.2% of population total: 3.8% of population (2015 est.) |
Sanitation facility access: | improved: urban: 97.4% of population (2015 est.) rural: 92.6% of population (2015 est.) total: 95.9% of population (2015 est.) unimproved: urban: 2.6% of population (2015 est.) rural: 7.4% of population (2015 est.) total: 4.1% of population (2015 est.) |
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: | 0.9% (2017 est.) |
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: | 240,000 (2017 est.) |
HIV/AIDS - deaths: | 9,000 (2017 est.) |
Obesity - adult prevalence rate: | 24.1% (2016) |
Education expenditures: | 5% of GDP (2016) |
Literacy: | definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.) total population: 99.8% male: 99.8% female: 99.7% (2015 est.) |
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): | total: 15 years male: 15 years female: 16 years (2014) Unemployment, youth ages 15-24: total: 23% male: 24% female: 21.5% (2016 est.) |
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Government | |
Country name: | conventional long form: none conventional short form: Ukraine local long form: none local short form: Ukrayina former: Ukrainian National Republic, Ukrainian State, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic etymology: name derives from the Old East Slavic word "ukraina" meaning "borderland or march (militarized border region)" and began to be used extensively in the 19th century; originally Ukrainians referred to themselves as Rusyny (Rusyns, Ruthenians, or Ruthenes), an endonym derived from the medieval Rus state (Kyivan Rus) |
Government type: | semi-presidential republic |
Capital: | name: Kyiv (Kiev) geographic coordinates: 50 26 N, 30 31 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October note: pronounced KAY-yiv etymology: the name is associated with that of Kyi, who along with his brothers Shchek and Khoryv, and their sister Lybid, are the legendary founders of the medieval city of Kyiv; Kyi being the eldest brother, the city was named after him |
Administrative divisions: | 24 provinces (oblasti, singular - oblast'), 1 autonomous republic* (avtonomna respublika), and 2 municipalities** (mista, singular - misto) with oblast status; Cherkasy, Chernihiv, Chernivtsi, Crimea or Avtonomna Respublika Krym* (Simferopol'), Dnipropetrovs'k (Dnipro), Donets'k, Ivano-Frankivs'k, Kharkiv, Kherson, Khmel'nyts'kyy, Kirovohrad (Kropyvnyts'kyy), Kyiv**, Kyiv, Luhans'k, L'viv, Mykolayiv, Odesa, Poltava, Rivne, Sevastopol'**, Sumy, Ternopil', Vinnytsya, Volyn' (Luts'k), Zakarpattya (Uzhhorod), Zaporizhzhya, Zhytomyr note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses); plans include the eventual renaming of Dnipropetrovsk and Kirovohrad oblasts, but because these names are mentioned in the Constitution of Ukraine, the change will require a constitutional amendment note: the US Government does not recognize Russia's annexation of Ukraine's Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the municipality of Sevastopol, nor their redesignation as the "Republic of Crimea" and the "Federal City of Sevastopol" |
Independence: | 24 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union); notable earlier dates: ca. 982 (VOLODYMYR I consolidates Kyivan Rus); 1199 (Principality (later Kingdom) of Ruthenia formed; 1648 (establishment of the Cossack Hetmanate) |
National holiday: | Independence Day, 24 August (1991); note - 22 January 1918, the day Ukraine first declared its independence from Soviet Russia, and the date the short-lived Western and Greater (Eastern) Ukrainian republics united (1919), is now celebrated as Unity Day |
Constitution: | history: several previous; latest adopted and ratified 28 June 1996 amendments: proposed by the president of Ukraine or by at least one-third of the Supreme Council members; adoption requires simple majority vote by the Council and at least two-thirds majority vote in its next regular session; adoption of proposals relating to general constitutional principles, elections, and amendment procedures requires two-thirds majority vote by the Council and approval in a referendum; constitutional articles on personal rights and freedoms, national independence, and territorial integrity cannot be amended; amended 2004, 2010, 2015, latest in 2016 (2018) |
Legal system: | civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts |
Suffrage: | 18 years of age; universal |
Executive branch: | chief of state: President Volodymyr ZELENSKYY (since 20 May 2019) head of government: Prime Minister Volodymyr HROYSMAN (since 14 April 2016); First Deputy Prime Minister Stepan KUBIV (since 14 April 2016) cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, approved by the Verkhovna Rada elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 31 March and 21 April 2019 (next to be held in March 2024); prime minister selected by the Verkhovna Rada election results: first round results: percent of vote - Volodymyr ZELENSKYY (Servant of the People) 30.2%, Petro POROSHENKO (BPP) 15.6%, Yuliya TYMOSHENKO (Fatherland) 13.4%, Yuriy BOYKO (independent) 11.7%, 35 other candidates 29.1%; second round results: percent of vote - Volodymyr ZELENSKYY (Servant of the People) 73.2%, Petro POROSHENKO (BPP) 24.5%; Volodymyr HROYSMAN (BPP) elected prime minister; Verkhovna Rada vote - 257-50 note: there is also a National Security and Defense Council or NSDC originally created in 1992 as the National Security Council; the NSDC staff is tasked with developing national security policy on domestic and international matters and advising the president; a presidential administration helps draft presidential edicts and provides policy support to the president |
Legislative branch: | description: unicameral Supreme Council or Verkhovna Rada (450 seats; 225 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 225 directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by closed, party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms) elections: last held on 21 July 2019 (next to be held July 2024) election results: percent of vote by party - Servant of the People 43.2%, Opposition Platform for Life 13.1%, Batkivshchyna 8.2%, European Solidarity 8.1%, Voice 5.8%, other 21.6%; seats by party (preliminary) - Servant of the People 254, Oposition Platform for Life 43, Batkivshchyna 26, European Solidarity 25, Voice 20, Opposition Bloc 6, Samopomich 1, Svoboda 1, other parties 2, independent 46; note - voting not held in Crimea and parts of two Russian-occupied eastern oblasts leaving 26 seats vacant; although this brings the total to 424 elected members (of 450 potential), article 83 of the constitution mandates that a parliamentary majority consists of 226 seats |
Judicial branch: | highest courts: Supreme Court of Ukraine or SCU (consists of 188 judges, organized into civil, criminal, commercial and administrative chambers, and a grand chamber); Constitutional Court (consists of 18 justices); High Anti-Corruption Court, (to consist of 38 judges) will begin operations in September 2019 judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges recommended by the High Qualification Commission of Judges (a 16-member state body responsible for judicial candidate testing and assessment and judicial administration), submitted to the High Council of Justice, a 21-member independent body of judicial officials responsible for judicial self-governance and administration, and appointed by the president; judges serve until mandatory retirement at age 65; High Anti-Corruption Court judges are selected by the same process as Supreme Court justices, with one addition – a majority of a combined High Qualification Commission of Judges and a 6-member Public Council of International Experts must vote in favor of potential judges in order to recommend their nomination to the High Council of Justice; this majority must include at least 3 members of the Public Council of International Experts; Constitutional Court justices appointed - 6 each by the president, by the Congress of Judges, and by the Verkhovna Rada; judges serve 9-year nonrenewable terms subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; district courts; note - specialized courts were abolished as part of Ukraine's judicial reform program note: in 2014, President POROSHENKO initiated a national judicial reform program with the formation of the Judicial Reform Council; it produced a multi-year strategy for judicial reform that the president approved that same year |
Political parties and leaders: | Batkivshchyna (Fatherland) [Yuliya TYMOSHENKO] European Solidarity [Petro POROSHENKO] Holos (Voice) [Sviatoslav VAKARCHUK] Opposition Bloc or OB [Evgeny MURAYEV] Opposition Platform For Life [Yuriy BOYKO, Vadim RABINOVICH] Radical Party [Oleh LYASHKO] Samopomich (Self Reliance) [Andriy SADOVYY] Servant of the People [Dmytro RAZUMKOV] Svoboda (Freedom) [Oleh TYAHNYBOK] |
International organization participation: | Australia Group, BSEC, CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CEI, CICA (observer), CIS (participating member, has not signed the 1993 CIS charter), EAEC (observer), EAPC, EBRD, FAO, GCTU, GUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC |
National symbol(s): | tryzub (trident); national colors: blue, yellow |
National anthem: | name: "Shche ne vmerla Ukraina" (Ukraine Has Not Yet Perished) lyrics/music: Paul CHUBYNSKYI/Mikhail VERBYTSKYI note: music adopted 1991, lyrics adopted 2003; song first performed in 1864 at the Ukraine Theatre in Lviv; the lyrics, originally written in 1862, were revised in 2003 |
Diplomatic representation in the US: | chief of mission: Ambassador Valeriy CHALYY (since 3 August 2015) chancery: 3350 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: [1] (202) 349-2920 FAX: [1] (202) 333-0817 consulate(s) general: Chicago, New York, San Francisco, Seattle |
Diplomatic representation from the US: | chief of mission: Ambassador Marie YOVANOVITCH (since 29 August 2016) embassy: 4 A. I. Igor Sikorsky Street, 04112 Kyiv mailing address: 5850 Kyiv Place, Washington, DC 20521-5850 telephone: [380] (44) 521-5000 FAX: [380] (44) 521-5155 |
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Economy | |
After Russia, the Ukrainian Republic was the most important economic component of the former Soviet Union, producing about four times the output of the next-ranking republic. Its fertile black soil accounted for more than one-fourth of Soviet agricultural output, and its farms provided substantial quantities of meat, milk, grain, and vegetables to other republics. Likewise, its diversified heavy industry supplied unique equipment such as large diameter pipes and vertical drilling apparatus, and raw materials to industrial and mining sites in other regions of the former USSR. Shortly after independence in August 1991, the Ukrainian Government liberalized most prices and erected a legal framework for privatization, but widespread resistance to reform within the government and the legislature soon stalled reform efforts and led to some backtracking. Output by 1999 had fallen to less than 40% of the 1991 level. Outside institutions - particularly the IMF encouraged Ukraine to quicken the pace and scope of reforms to foster economic growth. Ukrainian Government officials eliminated most tax and customs privileges in a March 2005 budget law, bringing more economic activity out of Ukraine's large shadow economy. From 2000 until mid-2008, Ukraine's economy was buoyant despite political turmoil between the prime minister and president. The economy contracted nearly 15% in 2009, among the worst economic performances in the world. In April 2010, Ukraine negotiated a price discount on Russian gas imports in exchange for extending Russia's lease on its naval base in Crimea. Ukraine's oligarch-dominated economy grew slowly from 2010 to 2013, but remained behind peers in the region and among Europe's poorest. After former President YANUKOVYCH fled the country during the Revolution of Dignity, Ukraine's economy fell into crisis because of Russia's annexation of Crimea, military conflict in the eastern part of the country, and a trade war with Russia, resulting in a 17% decline in GDP, inflation at nearly 60%, and dwindling foreign currency reserves. The international community began efforts to stabilize the Ukrainian economy, including a March 2014 IMF assistance package of $17.5 billion, of which Ukraine has received four disbursements, most recently in April 2017, bringing the total disbursed as of that date to approximately $8.4 billion. Ukraine has made significant progress on reforms designed to make the country prosperous, democratic, and transparent, including creation of a national anti-corruption agency, overhaul of the banking sector, establishment of a transparent VAT refund system, and increased transparency in government procurement. But more improvements are needed, including fighting corruption, developing capital markets, improving the business environment to attract foreign investment, privatizing state-owned enterprises, and land reform. The fifth tranche of the IMF program, valued at $1.9 billion, was delayed in mid-2017 due to lack of progress on outstanding reforms, including adjustment of gas tariffs to import parity levels and adoption of legislation establishing an independent anti-corruption court. Russia's occupation of Crimea in March 2014 and ongoing aggression in eastern Ukraine have hurt economic growth. With the loss of a major portion of Ukraine's heavy industry in Donbas and ongoing violence, the economy contracted by 6.6% in 2014 and by 9.8% in 2015, but it returned to low growth in in 2016 and 2017, reaching 2.3% and 2.0%, respectively, as key reforms took hold. Ukraine also redirected trade activity towards the EU following the implementation of a bilateral Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement, displacing Russia as its largest trading partner. A prohibition on commercial trade with separatist-controlled territories in early 2017 has not impacted Ukraine's key industrial sectors as much as expected, largely because of favorable external conditions. Ukraine returned to international debt markets in September 2017, issuing a $3 billion sovereign bond. | |
GDP (purchasing power parity): | $369.6 billion (2017 est.) $360.5 billion (2016 est.) $351.9 billion (2015 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars |
GDP (official exchange rate): | $112.1 billion (2017 est.) |
GDP - real growth rate: | 2.5% (2017 est.) 2.4% (2016 est.) -9.8% (2015 est.) |
GDP - per capita (PPP): | $8,800 (2017 est.) $8,500 (2016 est.) $8,300 (2015 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars |
Gross national saving: | 18.9% of GDP (2017 est.) 20.2% of GDP (2016 est.) 17.7% of GDP (2015 est.) GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption: 66.5% (2017 est.) government consumption: 20.4% (2017 est.) investment in fixed capital: 16% (2017 est.) investment in inventories: 4.7% (2017 est.) exports of goods and services: 47.9% (2017 est.) imports of goods and services: -55.6% (2017 est.) GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture: 12.2% (2017 est.) industry: 28.6% (2017 est.) services: 60% (2017 est.) |
Agriculture - products: | grain, sugar beets, sunflower seeds, vegetables; beef, milk |
Industries: | coal, electric power, ferrous and nonferrous metals, machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food processing |
Industrial production growth rate: | 3.1% (2017 est.) |
Labor force: | 17.99 million (2017 est.) |
Labor force - by occupation: | agriculture: 5.8% industry: 26.5% services: 67.8% (2014) |
Unemployment rate: | 9.2% (2017 est.) 9.3% (2016 est.) note: officially registered workers; large number of unregistered or underemployed workers |
Population below poverty line: | 3.8% (2016 est.) |
Household income or consumption by percentage share: | lowest 10%: 4.2% highest 10%: 21.6% (2015 est.) |
Distribution of family income - Gini index: | 25.5 (2015) 28.2 (2009) |
Budget: | revenues: 29.82 billion (2017 est.) expenditures: 31.55 billion (2017 est.) note: this is the planned, consolidated budget |
Taxes and other revenues: | 26.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.) Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-): -1.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.) |
Public debt: | 71% of GDP (2017 est.) 81.2% of GDP (2016 est.) note: the total public debt of $64.5 billion consists of: domestic public debt ($23.8 billion); external public debt ($26.1 billion); and sovereign guarantees ($14.6 billion) |
Fiscal year: | calendar year |
Inflation rate (consumer prices): | 14.4% (2017 est.) 13.9% (2016 est.) note: Excluding the temporarily occupied territories of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, the city of Sevastopol and part of the anti-terrorist operation zone |
Current account balance: | -$2.088 billion (2017 est.) -$1.394 billion (2016 est.) |
Exports: | $39.69 billion (2017 est.) $33.56 billion (2016 est.) |
Exports - commodities: | ferrous and nonferrous metals, fuel and petroleum products, chemicals, machinery and transport equipment, foodstuffs |
Exports - partners: | Russia 9.2%, Poland 6.5%, Turkey 5.6%, India 5.5%, Italy 5.2%, China 4.6%, Germany 4.3% (2017) |
Imports: | $49.06 billion (2017 est.) $40.5 billion (2016 est.) |
Imports - commodities: | energy, machinery and equipment, chemicals |
Imports - partners: | Russia 14.5%, China 11.3%, Germany 11.2%, Poland 7%, Belarus 6.7%, US 5.1% (2017) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: | $18.81 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $15.54 billion (31 December 2016 est.) |
Debt - external: | $130 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $121.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) |
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home: | $67.22 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $64.95 billion (31 December 2016 est.) |
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad: | $7.59 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $7.983 billion (31 December 2016 est.) |
Market value of publicly traded shares: | $20.71 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $25.56 billion (31 December 2011 est.) $39.46 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Exchange rates: | hryvnia (UAH) per US dollar - 26.71 (2017 est.) 25.5513 (2016 est.) 25.5513 (2015 est.) 21.8447 (2014 est.) 11.8867 (2013 est.) |
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Energy | |
Electricity - production: | 153.6 billion kWh (2016 est.) |
Electricity - consumption: | 133.2 billion kWh (2016 est.) |
Electricity - exports: | 3.591 billion kWh (2015 est.) |
Electricity - imports: | 77 million kWh (2016 est.) |
Electricity - installed generating capacity: | 57.28 million kW (2016 est.) |
Electricity - from fossil fuels: | 65% of total installed capacity (2016 est.) |
Electricity - from nuclear fuels: | 23% of total installed capacity (2017 est.) |
Electricity - from hydroelectric plants: | 8% of total installed capacity (2017 est.) |
Electricity - from other renewable sources: | 3% of total installed capacity (2017 est.) |
Crude oil - production: | 29,650 bbl/day (2017 est.) |
Crude oil - exports: | 413 bbl/day (2015 est.) |
Crude oil - imports: | 4,720 bbl/day (2015 est.) |
Crude oil - proved reserves: | 395 million bbl (1 January 2018 est.) |
Refined petroleum products - production: | 63,670 bbl/day (2017 est.) |
Refined petroleum products - consumption: | 233,000 bbl/day (2016 est.) |
Refined petroleum products - exports: | 1,828 bbl/day (2015 est.) |
Refined petroleum products - imports: | 167,000 bbl/day (2015 est.) |
Natural gas - production: | 19.73 billion cu m (2017 est.) |
Natural gas - consumption: | 30.92 billion cu m (2017 est.) |
Natural gas - exports: | 0 cu m (2017 est.) |
Natural gas - imports: | 12.97 billion cu m (2017 est.) |
Natural gas - proved reserves: | 1.104 trillion cu m (1 January 2018 est.) |
Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy: | 238.9 million Mt (2017 est.) |
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Communications | |
Cellular Phones in use: | total subscriptions: 55,714,733 subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 127 (2017 est.) |
Telephone system: | general assessment: Ukraine's telecommunication development plan emphasizes improving domestic trunk lines, international connections, and the mobile-cellular system; Turkey and Russia have made investments to telecom market; competition available between 3 alternative operators; LTE services available; FttP networks taking over DSL platforms; political tensions have not added to growth and telecom regulators must not count Crimea numbers (Annexed by Russia in 2014); mobile broadband services present a growth opportunity (2018) domestic: the country's former sole telephone provider, Ukrtelekom, was successfully privatized 2011 and independent foreign-invested private companies now provide substantial telecommunications services; fixed-line teledensity is 16 per 100; the mobile-cellular telephone system's expansion has slowed, largely due to saturation of the market that is now 127 mobile phones per 100 persons (2018) international: country code - 380; 2 new domestic trunk lines are a part of the fiber-optic Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) system and 3 Ukrainian links have been installed in the fiber-optic Trans-European Lines (TEL) project that connects 18 countries; additional international service is provided by the Italy-Turkey-Ukraine-Russia (ITUR) fiber-optic submarine cable and by an unknown number of earth stations in the Intelsat, Inmarsat, and Intersputnik satellite systems; new cable to Crimean peninsula is operational |
Broadcast media: | Ukraine's media landscape is dominated by oligarch-owned news outlets, which are often politically motivated and at odds with one another and/or the government; while polls suggest most Ukrainians still receive news from traditional media sources, social media is a crucial component of information dissemination in Ukraine; almost all Ukrainian politicians and opinion leaders communicate with the public via social media and maintain at least one social media page, if not more; this allows them direct communication with audiences, and news often breaks on Facebook or Twitter before being picked up by traditional news outlets Ukraine television serves as the principal source of news; the largest national networks are controlled by oligarchs: TRK Ukraina is owned by Rinat Akhmetov; Studio 1+1 is owned by Igor Kolomoisky; Inter is owned by Dmytro Firtash and Serhii Lyovochkin; and StarlightMedia channels (ICTV, STB, and Novyi Kanal) are owned by Victor Pinchuk; a set of 24-hour news channels also have clear political affiliations: 112-Ukraine and NewsOne tacitly support pro-Russian opposition and are believed to be controlled by political and business tycoon Viktor Medvedchuk; pro-Ukrainian government Channel 5 and Pryamyi are linked to President Petro Poroshenko; 24 and ZIK are owned by opposition, but not pro-Russian, politicians; UA: Suspilne is a public television station under the umbrella of the National Public Broadcasting Company of Ukraine; while it is often praised by media experts for balanced coverage, it lags in popularity; Ukrainian Radio, institutionally linked to UA: Suspilne, is one of only two national talk radio networks, with the other being the privately owned Radio NV (2019) |
Internet country code: | .ua |
Internet users: | total: 23,202,067 percent of population: 52.5% (July 2016 est.) |
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Transportation | |
Airports: | 187 (2013) |
Airports (paved runways): | total 108 (2013) over 3,047 m: 13 (2013) 2,438 to 3,047 m: 42 (2013) 1,524 to 2,437 m: 22 (2013) 914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2013) under 914 m: 28 (2013) |
Airports (unpaved runways): | total 79 (2013) 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 (2013) 914 to 1,523 m: 5 (2013) under 914 m: 69 (2013) |
Heliports: | 9 (2013) |
Pipelines: | 36720 km gas, 4514 km oil, 4363 km refined products (2013) |
Railways: | total 21,733 km (2014) standard gauge: 49 km 1.435-m gauge (49 km electrified) (2014) broad gauge: 21,684 km 1.524-m gauge (9,250 km electrified) (2014) |
Roadways: | total 169,694 km (2012) paved: 166,095 km (includes 17 km of expressways) (2012) unpaved: 3,599 km (2012) |
Waterways: | 1,672 km (most on Dnieper River) (2012) |
Merchant marine: | total 417 by type: container ship 1, general cargo 92, oil tanker 14, other 310 (2018) |
Ports and terminals: | major seaport(s): Feodosiya (Theodosia), Illichivsk, Mariupol', Mykolayiv, Odesa, Yuzhnyy |
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Military | |
Military branches: | Armed Forces of Ukraine (Zbroyni Syly Ukrayiny, ZSU): Ground Forces (Sukhoputni Viys'ka), Naval Forces (Viys'kovo-Mors'ki Syly, VMS), Air Forces (Povitryani Syly, PS), Air Assault Forces (Desantno-shturmovi Viyska, DShV) (2019) |
Military service age and obligation: | 20-27 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation is 12 months (2019) |
Military expenditures: | 3.5% of GDP (2017) 3.67% of GDP (2016) 3.97% of GDP (2015) 3.02% of GDP (2014) 2.39% of GDP (2013) |
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Transnational Issues | |
Disputes - International: | 1997 boundary delimitation treaty with Belarus remains unratified due to unresolved financial claims, stalling demarcation and reducing border security; delimitation of land boundary with Russia is complete and demarcation began in 2012; the dispute over the boundary between Russia and Ukraine through the Kerch Strait and Sea of Azov is suspended due to the occupation of Crimea by Russia; Ukraine and Moldova signed an agreement officially delimiting their border in 1999, but the border has not been demarcated due to Moldova's difficulties with the break-away region of Transnistria; Moldova and Ukraine operate joint customs posts to monitor transit of people and commodities through Moldova's Transnistria Region, which remains under the auspices of an Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe-mandated peacekeeping mission comprised of Moldovan, Transnistrian, Russian, and Ukrainian troops; the ICJ ruled largely in favor of Romania in its dispute submitted in 2004 over Ukrainian-administered Zmiyinyy/Serpilor (Snake) Island and Black Sea maritime boundary delimitation; Romania opposes Ukraine's reopening of a navigation canal from the Danube border through Ukraine to the Black Sea |
Refugees and internally displaced persons: | IDPs: 1.3 million (Russian-sponsored separatist violence in Crimea and eastern Ukraine) (2019) stateless persons: 35,650 (2018); note - citizens of the former USSR who were permanently resident in Ukraine were granted citizenship upon Ukraine's independence in 1991, but some missed this window of opportunity; people arriving after 1991, Crimean Tatars, ethnic Koreans, people with expired Soviet passports, and people with no documents have difficulty acquiring Ukrainian citizenship; following the fall of the Soviet Union in 1989, thousands of Crimean Tatars and their descendants deported from Ukraine under the STALIN regime returned to their homeland, some being stateless and others holding the citizenship of Uzbekistan or other former Soviet republics; a 1998 bilateral agreement between Ukraine and Uzbekistan simplified the process of renouncing Uzbek citizenship and obtaining Ukrainian citizenship |
Illicit drugs: | limited cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for CIS consumption; some synthetic drug production for export to the West; limited government eradication program; used as transshipment point for opiates and other illicit drugs from Africa, Latin America, and Turkey to Europe and Russia; Ukraine has improved anti-money-laundering controls, resulting in its removal from the Financial Action Task Force's (FATF's) Noncooperative Countries and Territories List in February 2004; Ukraine's anti-money-laundering regime continues to be monitored by FATF |
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« Previous Country | Next Country » Back to Flag Counter Overview
Source: CIA - The World Factbook


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ProTrainings is a UK company offering online CPR, First Aid, Infection Control, Manual Handling, and Instructor Training for the UK and Europe. The training curriculum offered by ProTrainings was created as a joint effort between the ITG Instructor Training Ltd in the UK and ProTrainings, LLC in the USA. Over the past nine years, these two companies have certified more than 430,000 individuals.
Our mission begins and ends with saving lives. This is done by creating training programmes that increase the amount of information remembered, are easily available, and give providers the confidence to act decisively and knowledgeably when an emergency occurs. Our courses offer this while limiting the time professionals spend away from family or work.
ProTrainings solutions also help to solve large-scale workplace problems by replacing old methods of training with new, cost effective methods of training.
All training and certification courses offered by ProTrainings meet or exceed the standards mandated by the UK Health and Safety Executive (HSE), the European Resuscitation Council (ERC), the UK Resuscitation Council, and the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). We use the latest technology in our comprehensive websites to ensure full understanding by using video based training and giving students access to this after the course.
We have a national network of instructors and a full range of 100% classroom courses including HSE approved First Aid at Work (FAW) and Emergency First Aid at Work (EFAW) and these can be found at www.ProCourses.co.uk or by emailing us.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
He Calls Mom Who Tackled My Minnesota Wild T Shirts
After an order has been placed, it is promptly sent to one of our 4 fulfillment centers where we will produce and ship your item(s) within 2-10 business days. Below are expected delivery times based on your location.
Standard Shipping Times
United States: 5 - 20 business days
Europe, Canada, Australia, New Zealand: 10 - 20 business days
Others Countries: 20-60 Days
DHL/FedEx Shipping Times
Worldwide: Estimated 7 - 10 business days
**Please note that, sometimes, if you order more than one item, we will send you in different packages.
Please allow 12 - 20 days for your order to arrive. We source products from all over the world to bring you epic offers and the lowest prices. This means sometimes you have to wait a little longer to get your order but it's always worth it! |
Returns: simply contact us for a returns number and send your item to our returns centre for fast processing. We'll get you a replacement or refund in a snap! |
You can lookup your order status in real time by entering your order information on the Track Order page. CLICK HERE
Have you read our FAQs? It might be faster than waiting for our reply.
Type: Shirts


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Material: Spandexs&Polyster
Color: Pink
Pattern: Embroidery
Neckline: Spaghetti Strap
Decoration: Appliques
Sleeve Type: Sleeveless
Gender: Women
Waist Type: Mid-Waist
Style: Sweet, Retro Style
Occasion: Casual,1950s Party
Package Content: 1 x Women Dress
5 Sizes available:
Size: There are 5 sizes (S/M/L/XL/2XL) available for the following listing. please allow 1-2cm differs due to manual measurement, thanks (All measurement in cm and please note 1cm=0.39inch)
Size Chart:
Size:(cm) | Bust | Waist | Length |
Order Issues:
How to change/modify the billing address?
No need to change the billing address, as we'll just ship the order to the shipping address that you left on our site for your order.
Therefore, it does not matter that the billing address is different from the shipping address.
Can I change/modify my shipping address/sizes?
We can help you modify your order BEFORE shipment. Once your package shipped, we will not be able to change anything.
Please kindly contact our customer service via email address: firstname.lastname@example.com
We will try our best to serve you well.
Can I cancel my order?
Yes, you can. There are two types of order cancellation:
1. We can help you cancel the order BEFORE shipment.
2. Please note that we CANNOT cancel orders which have been shipped out. Therefore, please wait for your package to arrive and you may either keep it or contact us to return for a refund. Please DO NOT refuse the delivery as the undelivered package will be destroyed by the third-party logistics. If the parcel refused by customers, we can only refund the item fee. Shipping fee CANNOT be refunded for we have paid the shipping fee for the parcel. For example, if your order amount is 50 dollars and the shipping fee is 15 dollars, we will refund you 50-15=35 dollars after we get the returned parcels.
Why I didn't get an email about my order being shipped?
After placing your order, we may need 1-3 business days to prepare. This is our processing time to make sure that your order is accurate, which isn't included in shipping time.
We will inform you with an email after shipment or if there is any delay.
If you can't find an email fifteen days after you placed the order, please contact our Customer Service Team with email firstname.lastname@example.com.
How do I choose my size?
Take your measurements and compare them with the detailed sizing chart under the product description. This will help you pick what size is best for your body type.
"One size" does not necessarily fit all sizes but means there's only one size for this product.
Shipping & Delivery:
Which countries can be delivered?
United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Germany, France, Italy, Spain
What is the available shipping time?
From Monday to Saturday (Est time)
Why was my order divided into two or more packages?
We will do partial shipping for your order in the following conditions:
1. Items are in different warehouses.
2. Different items need additional preparation time.
3. Weight limit of customs or courier.
You will receive an email notification when each parcel is shipped.
Why does it show my package has been delivered but it hasn't?
Packages might be delivered to your mailbox or signed by your neighbors. We suggest you check in your mailbox and with your neighbors first. Or you can check with the shipping company with your tracking number and your ID.
If you still cannot find your package, please contact our Customer Service Team via email email@example.com
How long does delivery normally take?
Delivery time: Total Delivery Time = Processing Time + Shipping Time.
Shipping time: Normally it will take 8-15 business days (some places will take about one months because of the long distance, such as South Africa, etc.) by Standard Shipping method and 6-10 business days by Expedited Shipping for the most places of the United States.
We will update the tracking number by email after the order shipped, and you can also find the tracking number in your account.
Delivery time may vary, especially during the peak periods. Please be more patient.
Why it shows that my tracking number is invalid?
If there is a tracking number, it means that the parcel has been shipped out.
The parcel is sent from our warehouse first. Then parcels will arrive in the shipping company's processing center by plane. Then each shipping company will pick up parcels from the airport. Once they have scanned those parcels, the website will update the tracking number. It may take 3-5 days to see any activity once it has shipped out from our end.
Please allow some time for the courier to update the latest tracking info after reaching next station.
Why was my package returned?
There are multiple possible reasons:
1. Wrong or incomplete address
2. Invalid phone number
3. Unable to deliver
Why did the attempted delivery fail?
There may be the following reasons:
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3. The parcel is delayed by the shipping company
Please check with the shipping company with your tracking number and your ID to arrange re-delivery. If you still cannot receive your package, please contact our Customer Care Team via email: email@example.com
Return & Refund:
Returns can be accepted within 15 days as below
The returns from our customers are acceptable within 15 days after you get the package. when we confirm the arrival of the package you returned, we 'll refund you the payment. Items that can be returned or refunded of receiving must follow the criteria as below:
1. Please make sure the products are unused and will not affect the secondary sales.
Faulty items damaged/broken, or soiled upon arrival.
2. Items received in the incorrect size/color, for example, ordered size M but get the incorrect size L; ordered color White but get the incorrect color, Black.
3. After returning the products, please inform us of the following information
① Order No., for example, MissFox0001
② Quantity of each item
③ The tracking number of your return parcel. No tracking number, No refund. Please understand.
④ Photo of the products you sent back
4. The shipping fee charged by the courier company so the returning shipping fee will be afforded by your side.
a. Please consult the customer service about the information we need before sending back the package.
b. Send the package back to us.
c. After returning the products, please offer our customer service the information you collect above.
d. After confirming the information, we will apply for the refund for you.
e. Our financial department will finish your refund in 8 to 15 business days after we get the returned package.
Unconditionally refund accepted for wrong items
The refund request from our customers is acceptable unconditionally if customer service confirms that MissFox send you the wrong item.
1.pls make sure the products unused before you sending back and inform us the following information:
① Order No., for example, MissFox0001
② Photo of the products you sent back
③ Quantity of each item
④ The tracking number of your return parcel. No tracking number, No refund. Please understand.
2 .MissFox will confirm the information
3. After making sure that we sent you the item, we will refund you to you.
Full Refunds
We offer the full refund on any items that are found to be faulty or damaged due to our fault. Damage because of the fault of the third party or customer's own fault cannot apply for the refund.
Returns Application Time:
Within 15 days of delivery.
Before returning items, pls contact us first, thank you!
Can I exchange for a bigger/smaller size?
We accept the return for refund or exchange within 15 days after delivery.
How do I receive my full refund?
We will offer a full refund for all returnable items, excluding the shipping fee.
Coupon codes and points will not be refunded as monetary value.
As soon as you discover a wrong/defective/stained item, please contact our Customer Care Team with:
1. The order number
2. The pictures
3. A description of the problems and some clear pictures
We'll get back to you as soon as we can.
What should I do if my refund is incorrect?
We're really sorry if we've made a mistake with your refund!
Please contact our Customer Service Team and we'll sort it out for you as soon as possible.
The following may affect the amount you have been refunded:
1. The delivery charge, which is only refunded for canceled orders before shipment.
2. Any discounts/points that were applied when you check out, which may not now be applicable.
Why can't I log into my account?
1. Please ensure that the email address or password is correct
2. Reset the password if it still can't work. Click "Log in" at the upper right corner of our website, then click "Forgot Your Password". Reset your password step by step.
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How do I change my email address?
We can't change/update our customers' email addresses as of now.
You can create a new account with a new email address.
And contact Customer Care Team to delete your account after finishing all your order(s).
Is it safe to order from you?
Yes, it is safe to order here.
We are using One of the most secure online systems to our website to protect your personal information against unauthorized use.
We also utilize secure socket layer (SSL) technology where any personal information obtained through our website is private and maintained in a secure and protected environment, and will never be released to any unaffiliated third parties.
Payment & Coupon:
Why my payment is declined?
Firstly, check the card details to make sure the information is correct. e.g. the expiry date or your billing address. (Common problems including incorrectly spelled name)
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What payment methods do you accept?
There are different ways you can choose to pay on our website. We support Credit/Debit Card, PayPal.
Why isn't my promo code working?
1. The discount is applied to the original price but not the sale price on the page. If the item is on sale or discounted more than the coupon discount, there might be not too much price difference after applying the coupon.
2. The code has already expired.
3. Your order does not reach the minimum amount.


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Source: United States Energy Information Administration
Kerosene Definition: A light petroleum distillate that is used in space heaters, cook stoves, and water heaters and is suitable for use as a light source when burned in wick-fed lamps. Kerosene has a maximum distillation temperature of 400 degrees Fahrenheit at the 10-percent recovery point, a final boiling point of 572 degrees Fahrenheit, and a minimum flash point of 100 degrees Fahrenheit. Included are No. 1-K and No. 2-K, the two grades recognized by ASTM Specification D 3699 as well as all other grades of kerosene called range or stove oil, which have properties similar to those of No. 1 fuel oil.
See also: Commodity prices
See also: Commodities market


text:
Do you have or are you impacted by attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADD/ADHD), attention or executive function issues?
The challenges of ADHD/ADD and attention issues are very real, but there is HOPE!
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder coaching in Massachusetts! That's right. We coach by phone or by Skype, so we are practically in your backyard. To learn more about the ADHD coaching resources you can get in Massachusetts, click on any one of these links:


text: 1 In those days was Hezekiah sick unto death. And Isaiah the prophet the son of Amoz came unto him, and said unto him, Thus saith the LORD, Set thine house in order: for thou shalt die, and not live. 2 Then Hezekiah turned his face toward the wall, and prayed unto the LORD, 3 And said, Remember now, O LORD, I beseech thee, how I have walked before thee in truth and with a perfect heart, and have done that which is good in thy sight. And Hezekiah wept sore. 4 Then came the word of the LORD to Isaiah, saying, 5 Go, and say to Hezekiah, Thus saith the LORD, the God of David thy father, I have heard thy prayer, I have seen thy tears: behold, I will add unto thy days fifteen years. 6 And I will deliver thee and this city out of the hand of the king of Assyria: and I will defend this city. 7 And this shall be a sign unto thee from the LORD, that the LORD will do this thing that he hath spoken; 8 Behold, I will bring again the shadow of the degrees, which is gone down in the sun dial of Ahaz, ten degrees backward. So the sun returned ten degrees, by which degrees it was gone down. 9 The writing of Hezekiah king of Judah, when he had been sick, and was recovered of his sickness: 10 I said in the cutting off of my days, I shall go to the gates of the grave: I am deprived of the residue of my years. 11 I said, I shall not see the LORD, even the LORD, in the land of the living: I shall behold man no more with the inhabitants of the world. 12 Mine age is departed, and is removed from me as a shepherd's tent: I have cut off like a weaver my life: he will cut me off with pining sickness: from day even to night wilt thou make an end of me. 13 I reckoned till morning, that, as a lion, so will he break all my bones: from day even to night wilt thou make an end of me. 14 Like a crane or a swallow, so did I chatter: I did mourn as a dove: mine eyes fail with looking upward: O LORD, I am oppressed; undertake for me. 15 What shall I say? he hath both spoken unto me, and himself hath done it: I shall go softly all my years in the bitterness of my soul. 16 O Lord, by these things men live, and in all these things is the life of my spirit: so wilt thou recover me, and make me to live. 17 Behold, for peace I had great bitterness: but thou hast in love to my soul delivered it from the pit of corruption: for thou hast cast all my sins behind thy back. 18 For the grave cannot praise thee, death can not celebrate thee: they that go down into the pit cannot hope for thy truth. 19 The living, the living, he shall praise thee, as I do this day: the father to the children shall make known thy truth. 20 The LORD was ready to save me: therefore we will sing my songs to the stringed instruments all the days of our life in the house of the LORD. 21 For Isaiah had said, Let them take a lump of figs, and lay it for a plaster upon the boil, and he shall recover. 22 Hezekiah also had said, What is the sign that I shall go up to the house of the LORD? Read more in the Book of Isaiah


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Contact Real Estate One about 5328 Golfview Road
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text:
Emerald Bezel Gemstones, Small (Niobium or Titanium Post Earrings)
~ 4 mm round Emerald gemstone cabochons
~ Your Choice:
◈ Niobium posts w/ Argentium Silver Bezel, or
◈ Titanium posts w/ Titanium Bezel.
~ Titanium ear nut earring backs.
~ Choose your preferred hypoallergenic post material:
◈ Pure Niobium posts. Completely Hypoallergenic and Nickel Free. Niobium is ultra comfortable. These Niobium posts feel like you're not wearing earrings at all! The Argentium Silver bezels rest against the front of your ear lobe. Argentium Silver is tarnish resistant and is 1.2% germanium, 6.3% copper and 92.5% silver. They will shine for you without the need for periodic polishing and will be gentle on ears that are allergic to gold, nickel, or chromium. Argentium Silver is hypoallergenic and nickel free.
◈ The Titanium bezel and Titanium post option is made from Grade 23 Titanium, made up of 90% Titanium, 6% Aluminum, and 4% Vanadium. This is the grade of Titanium commonly used surgically in the medical field for Titanium left in the body (for example joint replacements, surgical staples, bone fixation devices, and orthopedic pins, screws and cables). This Titanium is considered hypoallergenic and nickel free.
~ Both post/bezel combination options come with Commercially Pure Grade 1 Titanium earring backs which are also Hypoallergenic and Nickel Free.
For You:
~ Hypoallergenic and Nickel Free options.
~ Standard Free Shipping within the US via First Class Mail.
~ Priority/Express Shipping upgrades available at checkout.
~ International Shipping rates calculated at checkout.
~ Guaranteed not to react, or we'll take them back within 14 business days for a full refund.
Follow Us:
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Made with love for your sensitive ears. Comfort & Joy - all year long!
© Pretty Sensitive Ears. All Rights Reserved. Images and Designs.
Here we offer a guide to hypoallergenic metals for earrings for sensitive ears including Niobium, Titanium, Argentium Silver, & Surgical Steel. Discover the qualities of these jewelry metals to determine which is the best hypoallergenic solution for comfort for your sensitive ears.
Jewelry Metals We Offer
Pure Niobium. Nickel Free, Elemental. Niobium is ultra comfortable. Often people remark that they forget they are even wearing earrings while they are wearing Niobium. We began offering Niobium as a solution for those with metal allergies whose skin reacts badly to other jewelry metals back in 2009 and in all that time after selling thousands of pairs of Niobium earrings, we have only had 2 customers report back with true allergy symptoms. So it seems in practice that an allergy to Niobium is very rare.
We currently use Commercially Pure Grade 1 and 2 Titanium for ear wires, most stud earrings, and ear nut earring backs. Commercially Pure Grade 1 and 2 Titanium are just that - pure, elemental Titanium. It is therefore Nickel Free. Like Niobium, it is very comfortable to wear. It is also very rare to have a Titanium allergy.
Some Titanium post earrings are made from Grade 23 Titanium, made up of 90% Titanium, 6% Aluminum, and 4% Vanadium. This is the grade of Titanium commonly used surgically in the medical field for Titanium left in the body (for example joint replacements, surgical staples, bone fixation devices, and orthopedic pins, screws and cables). This Titanium is considered hypoallergenic and is nickel free. It is also very comfortable.
Argentium Silver
Argentium Silver (or Argentium Sterling Silver) is used in our prong set post earrings and as bezel settings in some of our post earrings styles. Argentium Silver is 92.5% silver, 6.3% copper, and 1.2% germanium. It is tarnish free so it will shine for you without the need for periodic polishing. Argentium Silver is nickel free and is very comfortable.
Surgical Steel
Our Surgical Steel (or 316L "Surgical" Stainless Steel) posts and ear wires are made from the 316L alloy of Stainless Steel. This is considered hypoallergenic but it is NOT nickel free. We offer it for those who know they can wear Surgical Steel (and have allergies to other metals not contained it it). 316L contains steel (which is iron with carbon), chromium (for corrosion and scratch resistance), 8-10.5% nickel (for increasing strength and higher and lower temperatures and reducing brittleness), 2-3% molybdenum (for more corrosion resistance), and trace elements that are approximately 0.75% silicon, 0.045% phosphorous, 0.03% sulfur, 2% manganese, and 0.1% nitrogen. Surgical Steel is dubbed "surgical" because it is used in some instruments used in surgeries because of its durability.
Our Surgical Steel ear nut earring backs are Grade SAE 304 Stainless Steel. SAE 304 contains 18-20% chromium, 8-10.5% nickel, 0.08% carbon, plus iron and trace elements, which include approximately 0.75% silicon, 0.045% phosphorous, 0.03% sulfur, 2% manganese, and 0.1% nitrogen.
How do I know what I am reacting to?
Everyone's body is unique to them. Likewise, metal allergies vary from person to person - so what is considered hypoallergenic for one person may not be for another person. For example, for someone with a nickel allergy, jewelry metals would be considered hypoallergenic as long as they do not contain nickel. For another individual with a gold allergy, the jewelry metals would need to be gold free in order to be considered hypoallergenic.
Here is a chart that we put together showing common jewelry metals and what metal elements they are made of. If you know you have had bad reactions to certain jewelry metals, you can look here at what "ingredients" you are potentially allergic or sensitive to. Keep in mind you could have reactions to more than one!
And, also keep in mind that not all jewelry is marketed / labeled accurately. See here for more on that issue: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/costume-jewelry-found-to-have-high-levels-of-toxins-and-carcinogens-tests-show/


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Welcome to Ferry & International
Want To Buy Fasteners In Bulk? We Can Help
Ferry International is one of the leading companies, engaged in manufacturing different types of fasteners. Our determination and quality-focused approach have earned us the position among the best Nut Fasteners Manufacturers in Ohio. We maintain the bulk stock, to meet your requirements without any delays.
All our offered fasteners are manufactured as per the industry standards at our in-house facility and will take care of the customer needs to the best. Our quality auditors pay attention to even the tiny detail and make sure that clients will get the flawless product at the end. We are the one you can consider to buy Thread Rod, Anchor, Stainless Steel Washer, and Screw in Ohio.
Besides, we are engaged in serving round-the-clock support because we believe it can help us build a lasting relationship with them. Being one of the trusted Pipe Clamps Exporters and Suppliers in Ohio, we promise timely and safe delivery. You can drop your enquiry or call us to discuss. We'd be glad to assist you.
Our only mission is to provide exceptional products and we improve our facilities and infrastructure with time for the same. Our entire team works on the same aim, so clients will receive exceptional products from our end.
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LYON, France – A new police tool has been launched by INTERPOL and the G8, enabling the INTERPOL community to exchange information on fraudulent identity and travel documents.
Known as Dial-Doc (Digital INTERPOL Alert Library – Document), the technology makes it easy for officials in any of INTERPOL's 190 member countries to check if a travel document is fake, through comparison with worldwide images of counterfeit documents.
Dial-Doc will play a central role in the swift provision of information to law enforcement agencies, particularly in the fields of border management and the fight against identity fraud, human trafficking, terrorism, and financial crime.
It is an integral part of INTERPOL's strategy to provide integrated solutions for border security and to offer access to an array of systems and data that help officers to prevent and combat transnational crime.
"This important reference tool for travel document fraud is the culmination of intensive and fruitful cooperation leveraging the combined expertise of INTERPOL and migration experts from the G8 countries," said Lynn Lawless, Director, Enforcement and Intelligence Programs Management, Canada Border Services Agency, and representing the G8 Roma-Lyon Migration Experts Sub-Group.
"Dial-Doc will assist in the global fight against document and identity fraud and the criminal activity it facilitates," she added.
Up until now, INTERPOL member countries have circulated their own 'alerts' relating to fraudulent travel documents. Dial Doc is the data processing platform which regulates this information and makes it accessible to all INTERPOL member countries in a user-friendly manner.
Once the country submits their 'alert' to INTERPOL, a quality control activity is performed before final validation and its publication within the INTERPOL Information System.
Fabrizio Di Carlo, Dial-Doc Project Manager, said: "The launch of Dial-Doc represents a milestone in the fight against forged documents. We now encourage as many countries as possible to share data related to fraudulent travel documents in order to fulfil the potential of this vital law enforcement tool."
Dial-Doc is a web-based application, available to authorized users via I-24/7, the Organization's secure global police communications system and its restricted-access website. Currently in English, the platform will in future be translated into INTERPOL's three other official languages (Arabic, French and Spanish).


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Haryana RERA No.- 67 of 2017 | Delhi RERA No.- DLRERA2019A0051
Dear visitor, we are currently in process of revising our website in consonance with the Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016 ("RERA"). Until website is duly revised & updated, none of images, material, photography, projections, details, descriptions & other information that are currently available and/or displayed on website, should not be deemed to be or constitute advertisements, solicitations, marketing, offer for sale, invitation to offer within purview of RERA. Content on this website is purely for informational purpose & customers are required to verify all details, including area, amenities, services, terms of sales, payments & other terms independently with the Developer & Seller.
© Copyright 2024. All Rights Reserved. This is not official website of developer and belongs to authorised channel partner of developer. This website is meant only for information purpose.


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Throughout history, Armenia has been a battlefield for many invaders and contending empires, and a bridge for many cultures and civilizations. During the past 2,700 years, Armenia has been conquered by the Persian Empire, Alexander the Great, the Roman Empire, the Byzantines, Arabs, Mongols, Tatars, Ottomans, Persians, and Russians. Armenian kingdoms, principalities, and even a short-lived empire (95-55 B.C.) managed to survive and thrive for some 1,700 years. Under various kings and princes, the Armenians developed a sophisticated culture, an original architecture, and their own alphabet.
The 1905 Russian revolution and the 1908 Young Turk revolution raised the hopes of the Armenians for reform, and an opportunity to build a homeland in historical Armenia. These hopes were dashed as the Ottoman and the Russian Empires fought each other during World War I. A dark hour of Armenian history is the Armenian genocide, which started on April 24, 1915. Some 1,750,000 Armenians were deported into Syria and Mesopotamia by the Ottoman authorities. Subject to famine, disease, and systematic massacres, most of them perished. This "ethnic cleansing" of the Armenians from their historical homeland led Raphael Lemkin, the father of the Genocide Treaty, to coin the new term "genocide" in the 1930s to describe the historical plight of the Assyrians and the Armenians as subjects of the first genocide of the 20th century. Armenia gained independence on September 23, 1991.
Today, there are several million Armenians worldwide. Significant numbers are located in Armenia and the United States of America. Major diaspora centers of the Middle East are Iran, Syria and Lebanon.
The Armenian communities in the Arab world received a large percentage of the refugees and survivors of the massacres and genocide. They increased the numbers of Armenians in Egypt, Syria, Iraq, Sudan and Ethiopia. The European mandates at the beginning of the 20th century enabled the Armenians to make advances in the economic and administrative sectors and to establish cultural and political associations. Egypt, with its strong Armenian community, was the guiding head of the Armenians in the Arab world until the mid-twentieth century. Their numbers have declined, however, as a result of heavy emigration since 1952. In 1989 the Armenian community in Egypt was estimated at 12,000. Cairo was traditionally the center of Armenian culture in Egypt, but many Armenians also lived in Alexandria.
The Armenian communities of Palestine and Jordan, which were never large, also attracted some refugees from Turkey who laid the foundations for new centers in Jerusalem, Haifa, and Amman. The short-lived and relatively secure time for Armenians in Palestine during the British Mandate soon gave way to Arab-Jewish strife. Following the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948 and the Arab-Israeli wars, many Armenians emigrated to Europe, the United States, and more peaceful centers in the Middle East. The majority of Armenians who remained are primarily involved in the religious and scholarly activities surrounding the Armenian patriarchate of Jerusalem.
Many of the Armenian survivors of the massacres and genocide settled in modem Syria, mainly in Aleppo. Syria has, with over 100,000 Armenians at present, the largest Armenian community in the Arab world. The new arrivals were aided by Armenian and American missionary and philanthropic organizations and succeeded in invigorating the earlier settlements and creating one of the most active Armenian communities in the twentieth century. In many ways the Armenian schools, churches, centers, and hospitals in Syria became the inspiration and model for the Armenian communities of Beirut, Baghdad, Jerusalem, and Amman during the second half of the twentieth century. Armenians, Assyrians, Christian Arabs, and a number of non-Sunni Muslim sects such as the Druze, 'Alawis, and Isma'ilis, were favored by and cooperated with the European powers present in the area during and after WWII.
The Armenians of Lebanon were, for a time, the most important Armenian community outside of the Soviet Union and the United States. The core of the modern community also arrived as a result of the massacres and genocide in Turkey. By 1926 there were some 75,000 Armenians in Lebanon and the Lebanese Constitution granted them and other minorities civil rights, which, in time, enabled the Armenians to elect their own members of parliament.
In 301 AD, during the rule of King Dirtad III, Armenia became the world's first Christian nation. A Christian monk, commonly know as Krikor Lusavorich or St. Gregory the Illuminator, cured the King from a disease. After this event, King Dirtad III was baptized and accepted Christianity as Armenia's official state religion. Before this, two disciples had brought Christianity to Armenia, St. Thaddeus and St. Bartholemew. Today, Armenia is still a Christian nation, comprising: Armenian Apostolic Orthodox (the overwhelming majority), other Christian (a small percentage) and Yezidi (Zoroastrian/animist, very small percentage) of the population.
The traumatizing experience of being expelled from their homeland and the historic genocide made a deep impression on the Armenians.
Pray for healing for this nation and for the ability to integrate into their respective diaspora communities.
Pray for the Armenians in the Middle East to hold on to their Christian faith and to have a personal experience with Jesus Christ.
Pray for peace; this is what Armenia needs most of all.
Pray for Christian humanitarian ministries that are much needed since the rate of unemployment is high.
Pray that God would bring revelation of Christianity as a spiritual relationship, and that Armenians would realize their nationality doesn't make them a Christian.
Scripture Prayers for the Armenian in Greece.
Profile Source: Middle East Resources |
People Name General | Armenian |
People Name in Country | Armenian |
Alternate Names | Armiane; Ermeni; Ermini; Hye; आर्मीनियन |
Population this Country | 31,000 |
Population all Countries | 5,702,000 |
Total Countries | 55 |
Indigenous | No |
Progress Scale | 4 ● |
Unreached | No |
Frontier People Group | No |
GSEC | 2 (per PeopleGroups.org) |
Pioneer Workers Needed | |
People ID | 10429 |
ROP3 Code | 100516 |
ROP25 Code | 300499 |
ROP25 Name | Armenian |
Country | Greece | ||
Region | Europe, Eastern and Eurasia | ||
Continent | Europe | ||
10/40 Window | No | ||
National Bible Society | Website | ||
Persecution Rank | Not ranked |
Country | Greece |
Region | Europe, Eastern and Eurasia |
Continent | Europe |
10/40 Window | No |
National Bible Society | Website |
Persecution Rank | Not ranked |
Primary Religion: | Christianity |
Major Religion ▲ | Percent |
Buddhism |
0.00 %
Christianity (Evangelical 8.70 %) |
94.00 %
Ethnic Religions |
0.00 %
Hinduism |
0.00 %
Islam |
0.00 %
Non-Religious |
6.00 %
Other / Small |
0.00 %
Unknown |
0.00 %
Primary Language | Armenian, Western (31,000 speakers) |
Language Code | hyw Ethnologue Listing |
Language Written | Yes ScriptSource Listing |
Total Languages | 1 |
Primary Language | Armenian, Western (31,000 speakers) |
Language Code | hyw Ethnologue Listing |
Total Languages | 1 |
People Groups | Speaking Armenian, Western |
Primary Language: Armenian, Western
Bible Translation ▲ | Status (Years) |
Bible-Portions | Yes |
Bible-New Testament | Yes |
Bible-Complete | Yes (1853-1984) |
FCBH NT (www.bible.is) | Online |
YouVersion NT (www.bible.com) | Online |
Possible Print Bibles | |
Amazon | |
World Bibles | |
Forum Bible Agencies | |
National Bible Societies | |
World Bible Finder | |
Virtual Storehouse |
Resource Type ▲ | Resource Name | Source |
Audio Recordings | Audio Bible teaching | Global Recordings Network |
Film / Video | Jesus Film: view in Armenian, Western | Jesus Film Project |
Film / Video | LUMO film of Gospels | Bible Media Group/LUMO |
Film / Video | Magdalena video | Jesus Film Project |
Film / Video | Story of Jesus for Children | Jesus Film Project |
General | Faith Comes By Hearing - Bible in text or audio or video | Faith Comes by Hearing |
General | Scripture Earth Gospel resources links | Scripture Earth |
General | YouVersion Bible versions in text and/or audio | YouVersion Bibles |
Mobile App | Android Bible app: Armenian, Western | YouVersion Bibles |
Mobile App | Download audio Bible app as APK file | Faith Comes by Hearing |
Mobile App | Download audio Bible app as APK file | Faith Comes by Hearing |
Mobile App | Download audio Bible app from Google Play Store | Faith Comes by Hearing |
Mobile App | iOS Bible app: Armenian, Western | YouVersion Bibles |
Photo Source | Anonymous |
Profile Source | Middle East Resources |
Data Sources | Data is compiled from various sources. Learn more. |


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210 W 29th , GOTHENBURG NE, 69138
Cooling | n/a |
Fireplaces | n/a |
Other Features | n/a |
Heating | n/a |
Appliances | n/a |
Roof | n/a |
Exterior | n/a |
Other Features | n/a |
Garage Type | n/a |
Garage Spaces | n/a |
This is not a commitment to lend. Not all borrowers will qualify. This is for illustrative purposes only and estimates are based on information you provided. Interest rates, mortgage insurance rates, and programs are subject to credit approval and available rates and terms will vary, sometimes drastically, based on borrower eligibility and program selected. For accurate interest rates and mortgage insurance rates please contact your mortgage consultant. For illustrative purposes FHA/VA and USDA loan amounts will include an estimate for the financed upfront MI amount.
The data relating to real estate for sale or rent on this web site comes in part from the IDX program of the Great Plains Regional MLS. The listing broker is shown on the bottom of each property's page. Some properties which appear for sale on this web site may subsequently have sold or may no longer be available. All information provided is deemed reliable but is not guaranteed and should be independently verified. IDX information is provided for consumers' personal, non-commercial use, and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties consumers may be interested in purchasing. Listing information copyright 2024, Great Plains Regional MLS.
Listing courtesy of: BHHS Ambassador Real Estate
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Table of Contents
For administrators and web developers alike, there are some important bits of information you should familiarize yourself with before starting out. This document serves as a brief introduction to some of the concepts and terminology behind the Tomcat container. As well, where to go when you need help.
In the course of reading these documents, you will run across a number of terms; some specific to Tomcat, and others defined by the Servlet and JSP specifications.
- Context - In a nutshell, a Context is a web application.
That is it. If you find any more terms we need to add to this section, please do let us know.
Directories and Files
These are some of the key tomcat directories:
- /bin - Startup, shutdown, and other scripts. The
files (for Unix systems) are functional duplicates of the*.bat
files (for Windows systems). Since the Win32 command-line lacks certain functionality, there are some additional files in here. - /conf - Configuration files and related DTDs. The most important file in here is server.xml. It is the main configuration file for the container.
- /logs - Log files are here by default.
- /webapps - This is where your webapps go.
CATALINA_HOME and CATALINA_BASE
Throughout the documentation, there are references to the two following properties:
CATALINA_HOME: Represents the root of your Tomcat
installation, for example
orC:\Program Files\apache-tomcat-9.0.10
. -
CATALINA_BASE: Represents the root of a runtime
configuration of a specific Tomcat instance. If you want to have
multiple Tomcat instances on one machine, use the
If you set the properties to different locations, the CATALINA_HOME location
contains static sources, such as .jar
files, or binary files.
The CATALINA_BASE location contains configuration files, log files, deployed
applications, and other runtime requirements.
Why Use CATALINA_BASE
By default, CATALINA_HOME and CATALINA_BASE point to the same directory. Set CATALINA_BASE manually when you require running multiple Tomcat instances on one machine. Doing so provides the following benefits:
Easier management of upgrading to a newer version of Tomcat. Because all
instances with single CATALINA_HOME location share one set of
files and binary files, you can easily upgrade the files to newer version and have the change propagated to all Tomcat instances using the same CATALIA_HOME directory. -
Avoiding duplication of the same static
files. -
The possibility to share certain settings, for example the
shell or bat script file (depending on your operating system).
Contents of CATALINA_BASE
Before you start using CATALINA_BASE, first consider and create the directory tree used by CATALINA_BASE. Note that if you do not create all the recommended directories, Tomcat creates the directories automatically. If it fails to create the necessary directory, for example due to permission issues, Tomcat will either fail to start, or may not function correctly.
Consider the following list of directories:
directory with thesetenv.sh
, andtomcat-juli.jar
files.Recommended: No.
Order of lookup: CATALINA_BASE is checked first; fallback is provided to CATALINA_HOME.
directory with further resources to be added on classpath.Recommended: Yes, if your application depends on external libraries.
Order of lookup: CATALINA_BASE is checked first; CATALINA_HOME is loaded second.
directory for instance-specific log files.Recommended: Yes.
directory for automatically loaded web applications.Recommended: Yes, if you want to deploy applications.
Order of lookup: CATALINA_BASE only.
directory that contains temporary working directories for the deployed web applications.Recommended: Yes.
directory used by the JVM for temporary files.Recommended: Yes.
We recommend you not to change the tomcat-juli.jar
However, in case you require your own logging implementation, you can
replace the tomcat-juli.jar
file in a CATALINA_BASE location
for the specific Tomcat instance.
We also recommend you copy all configuration files from the
directory into the
directory. In case a configuration file
is missing in CATALINA_BASE, there is no fallback to CATALINA_HOME.
Consequently, this may cause failure.
At minimum, CATALINA_BASE must contain:
- conf/server.xml
- conf/web.xml
directory. Otherwise, Tomcat fails
to start, or fails to function properly.
For advanced configuration information, see the RUNNING.txt file.
How to Use CATALINA_BASE
The CATALINA_BASE property is an environment variable. You can set it before you execute the Tomcat start script, for example:
- On Unix:
CATALINA_BASE=/tmp/tomcat_base1 bin/catalina.sh start
- On Windows:
CATALINA_BASE=C:\tomcat_base1 bin/catalina.bat start
Configuring Tomcat
This section will acquaint you with the basic information used during the configuration of the container.
All of the information in the configuration files is read at startup, meaning that any change to the files necessitates a restart of the container.
Where to Go for Help
While we've done our best to ensure that these documents are clearly written and easy to understand, we may have missed something. Provided below are various web sites and mailing lists in case you get stuck.
Keep in mind that some of the issues and solutions vary between the major versions of Tomcat. As you search around the web, there will be some documentation that is not relevant to Tomcat 8, but only to earlier versions.
- Current document - most documents will list potential hangups. Be sure to fully read the relevant documentation as it will save you much time and effort. There's nothing like scouring the web only to find out that the answer was right in front of you all along!
- Tomcat FAQ
- Tomcat WIKI
- Tomcat FAQ at jGuru
- Tomcat mailing list archives - numerous sites archive the Tomcat mailing lists. Since the links change over time, clicking here will search Google.
- The TOMCAT-USER mailing list, which you can subscribe to here. If you don't get a reply, then there's a good chance that your question was probably answered in the list archives or one of the FAQs. Although questions about web application development in general are sometimes asked and answered, please focus your questions on Tomcat-specific issues.
- The TOMCAT-DEV mailing list, which you can subscribe to here. This list is reserved for discussions about the development of Tomcat itself. Questions about Tomcat configuration, and the problems you run into while developing and running applications, will normally be more appropriate on the TOMCAT-USER list instead.
And, if you think something should be in the docs, by all means let us know on the TOMCAT-DEV list.


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It's an even more notable July 4th this year on Liberty Island, where the Statue of Liberty is open for the first time since Hurricane Sandy pummeled the Mid-Atlantic region last fall.
As Eyder reported in March, the National Park Service had a lot of work to do on the island after Sandy. While the statue wasn't damaged, "docks, the energy infrastructure on Ellis Island and ... the security screening system" were crippled.
Thursday, the first ferry to the island left Manhattan at 8:30 a.m. ET. As you would expect, tickets and reservations are said to be sold out for today. If you're hoping to visit in coming days or weeks, the Park Service has all the details about how to do that posted here.
You don't have to be in New York City, though, to get a live view of Lady Liberty on the 4th. There's a trio of webcams here -- including one that gives a nice wide view from across the harbor.
Also, National Geographic has posted "Rare Views of Statue of Liberty in Time for Reopening," and our colleagues at WNYC have reposted their 2011 video report on the statue's 125th anniversary.
Copyright 2013 NPR. To see more, visit www.npr.org.


text:
Esse class laboris tenetur ullamcorper. Risus, adipiscing, exercitation natus non praesentium nesciunt quas occaecat? Tellus quam habitasse consequuntur, sociis debitis! Integer suscipit molestiae aliquid. Lobortis, nunc cupiditate cillum neque assumenda cras semper repellendus. Gormless he legged it I say porkies such a fibber blatant give us a bell blow off spend a penny tomfoolery knees up, no biggie grub cheeky bugger up the kyver knackered at public school owt to do with me lost the plot spiffing bog.
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Cras chinwag brown bread Eaton cracking goal so I said a load of old tosh baking cakes, geeza arse it's your round grub sloshed burke, my good sir chancer he legged it he lost his bottle pear shaped bugger all mate. Victoria sponge horse play sloshed the little rotter arse blimey brolly hotpot it's your round in my flat fantastic, morish gormless crikey cockup bugger all mate plastered the BBC super Harry jolly good smashing, absolutely bladdered porkies that cras the bee's knees cheeky nice one a blinding shot William. Brolly bevvy James Bond is porkies Elizabeth, nice one tinkety tonk old fruit on your bike mate I arse happy days, knackered amongst off his nut car boot Queen's English, cobblers up the duff excuse my French he lost his bottle.


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SALE - Rebecca Gown STONE
Regular price $399.00 Sale price $149.00 Save $250.00FINAL SALE - NO RETURNS, REFUNDS OR EXCHANGES ON SALE ITEMS.
This off-shoulder beauty is sure to be a showstopper at any event. The sweetheart neckline paired with the slight v-back give the dress a timeless classic feel. The modest train along with the knee high split, are the perfect feature to complete the ultimate look. The bodice is structured with boning and cups to support the wearer and the back features an invisible zip.
Designer: Portia and Scarlett
Main Fabric: Triacetate Fabric (95% Polyester, 5% spandex) Stretch Power mesh lining. Length of dress is 190cm. Colour may vary due to lighting on images. Items runs true to size chart and is cut to suit our size chart. Please refer to our size chart for the best fit. Our Model is a size small and is 174cm without heels.
ALL ORDERS TAKE 2-10 BUSINESS DAYS TO PROCEESS BEFORE THEY ARE SHIPPED OUT. Processing time is different than shipping time. If you need a dress sooner, please contact us directly to ensure the dress will arrive for your specific wear date.We do our best to ship gowns out as soon as possible.
If a product is not in stock, you will be notified via e-mail or phone within 24 hours of placing your order. If a product is on pre-order, it will not be shipped until the product is available. You will be emailed by our customer service to ensure that provide you with a ship date.
If you choose to use the FREE SHIPPING discount code, regardless of what is chosen at checkout, your order will be shipped via UPS Ground which could take 2-7 business days to reach you. Note that we cannot guarantee shipment times. If you need a package sooner, please choose an express shipping option at checkout.. Although you chose Express shipping, we will not ship the gown right away - you must wait until the gown is in stock to have it shipped to you. If you need it sooner, please contact us.
We can ship to virtually any address in the world. Note that we are not responsible for customs duty fees. If you are purchasing from another country, please be sure that the shipping address MATCHES the billing address on your card, otherwise there will be a delay in shipment while we verify your purchase. Customers are responsible for all shipping charges, including customs fees for some countries. We will not pay for customs fees. Should you choose not to pay the customs fees and the dress is returned to us, the amount of the return shipping will be deducted from your refund.
We do not ship out on major holidays. Any orders placed after 12pm will be processed & shipped out the following business day.
If a package is returned back to us via "undeliverable" or you do not pay duty fees, you will be responsible to contact us regarding reshipment of the package. Please be sure that your shipping address is correct. If there is an error after you place your order and before it is shipped out, please email us at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Slight variations might occur between the sample and the finished product. These run to run dye lot variations are common to the manufacturing process, and within industry tolerances. They are not defects. Due to these variations we recommend that when identical products and colors are to used for more than one dress, that they all be ordered at the same time.
The Dressing Room (TDRFashions.com) is a proud authorized retailer for all the brands shown on our website and in our public showroom. All of our gowns are from the original designers and are 100% authentic. We do not carry or sell any copies or "dupes".
If you are purchasing directly from TDRFashions.com, you are ordering from an authentic boutique who has been in business since 2014 in San Diego, California, USA!