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pgsigio(9) [freebsd man page]
SIGNAL(9) BSD Kernel Developer's Manual SIGNAL(9) NAME
signal, SIGADDSET, SIGDELSET, SETEMPTYSET, SIGFILLSET, SIGISMEMBER, SIGISEMPTY, SIGNOTEMPTY, SIGSETEQ, SIGSETNEQ, SIGSETOR, SIGSETAND, SIGSETNAND, SIGSETCANTMASK, SIG_STOPSIGMASK, SIG_CONTSIGMASK, SIGPENDING, cursig, execsigs, issignal, killproc, pgsigio, postsig, sigexit, siginit, signotify, trapsignal -- kernel signal functions SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/param.h> #include <sys/proc.h> #include <sys/signalvar.h> void SIGADDSET(sigset_t set, int signo); void SIGDELSET(sigset_t set, int signo); void SIGEMPTYSET(sigset_t set); void SIGFILLSET(sigset_t set); int SIGISMEMBER(sigset_t set, int signo); int SIGISEMPTY(sigset_t set); int SIGNOTEMPTY(sigset_t set); int SIGSETEQ(sigset_t set1, sigset_t set2); int SIGSETNEQ(sigset_t set1, sigset_t set2); void SIGSETOR(sigset_t set1, sigset_t set2); void SIGSETAND(sigset_t set1, sigset_t set2); void SIGSETNAND(sigset_t set1, sigset_t set2); void SIG_CANTMASK(sigset_t set); void SIG_STOPSIGMASK(sigset_t set); void SIG_CONTSIGMASK(sigset_t set); int SIGPENDING(struct proc *p); int cursig(struct thread *td); void execsigs(struct proc *p); int issignal(struct thread *td); void killproc(struct proc *p, char *why); void pgsigio(struct sigio **sigiop, int sig, int checkctty); void postsig(int sig); void sigexit(struct thread *td, int signum); void siginit(struct proc *p); void signotify(struct thread *td); void trapsignal(struct thread *td, int sig, u_long code); DESCRIPTION
The SIGADDSET() macro adds signo to set. No effort is made to ensure that signo is a valid signal number. The SIGDELSET() macro removes signo from set. No effort is made to ensure that signo is a valid signal number. The SIGEMPTYSET() macro clears all signals in set. The SIGFILLSET() macro sets all signals in set. The SIGISMEMBER() macro determines if signo is set in set. The SIGISEMPTY() macro determines if set does not have any signals set. The SIGNOTEMPTY() macro determines if set has any signals set. The SIGSETEQ() macro determines if two signal sets are equal; that is, the same signals are set in both. The SIGSETNEQ() macro determines if two signal sets differ; that is, if any signal set in one is not set in the other. The SIGSETOR() macro ORs the signals set in set2 into set1. The SIGSETAND() macro ANDs the signals set in set2 into set1. The SIGSETNAND() macro NANDs the signals set in set2 into set1. The SIG_CANTMASK() macro clears the SIGKILL and SIGSTOP signals from set. These two signals cannot be blocked or caught and SIG_CANTMASK() is used in code where signals are manipulated to ensure this policy is enforced. The SIG_STOPSIGMASK() macro clears the SIGSTOP, SIGTSTP, SIGTTIN, and SIGTTOU signals from set. SIG_STOPSIGMASK() is used to clear stop sig- nals when a process is waiting for a child to exit or exec, and when a process is continuing after having been suspended. The SIG_CONTSIGMASK() macro clears the SIGCONT signal from set. SIG_CONTSIGMASK() is called when a process is stopped. The SIGPENDING() macro determines if the given process has any pending signals that are not masked. If the process has a pending signal and the process is currently being traced, SIGPENDING() will return true even if the signal is masked. The cursig() function returns the signal number that should be delivered to process td->td_proc. If there are no signals pending, zero is returned. The execsigs() function resets the signal set and signal stack of a process in preparation for an execve(2). The process lock for p must be held before execsigs() is called. The issignal() function determines if there are any pending signals for process td->td_proc that should be caught, or cause this process to terminate or interrupt its current system call. If process td->td_proc is currently being traced, ignored signals will be handled and the process is always stopped. Stop signals are handled and cleared right away by issignal() unless the process is a member of an orphaned process group and the stop signal originated from a TTY. The process spin lock for td->td_proc may be acquired and released. The sigacts structure td->td_proc->p_sigacts must be locked before calling issignal() and may be released and reacquired during the call. The process lock for td->td_proc must be acquired before calling issignal() and may be released and reacquired during the call. Default signal actions are not taken for system processes and init. The killproc() function delivers SIGKILL to p. why is logged as the reason why the process was killed. The pgsigio() function sends the signal sig to the process or process group sigiop->sio_pgid. If checkctty is non-zero, the signal is only delivered to processes in the process group that have a controlling terminal. If sigiop->sio_pgid is for a process (> 0), the lock for sigiop->sio_proc is acquired and released. If sigiop->sio_pgid is for a process group (< 0), the process group lock for sigiop->sio_pgrp is acquired and released. The lock sigio_lock is acquired and released. The postsig() function handles the actual delivery of the signal sig. postsig() is called from ast() after the kernel has been notified that a signal should be delivered (via a call to signotify(), which causes the flag PS_NEEDSIGCHK to be set). The process lock for process that owns curthread must be held before postsig() is called, and the current process cannot be 0. The lock for the p_sigacts field of the current process must be held before postsig() is called, and may be released and reacquired. The sigexit() function causes the process that owns td to exit with a return value of signal number sig. If required, the process will dump core. The process lock for the process that owns td must be held before sigexit() is called. The siginit() function is called during system initialization to cause every signal with a default property of SA_IGNORE (except SIGCONT) to be ignored by p. The process lock for p is acquired and released, as is the lock for sigacts structure p->p_sigacts. The only process that siginit() is ever called for is proc0. The signotify() function flags that there are unmasked signals pending that ast() should handle. The process lock for process td->td_proc must be held before signotify() is called, and the thread lock is acquired and released. The trapsignal() function sends a signal that is the result of a trap to process td->td_proc. If the process is not being traced and the signal can be delivered immediately, trapsignal() will deliver it directly; otherwise, trapsignal() will call psignal(9) to cause the signal to be delivered. The process lock for td->td_proc is acquired and released. The lock for the p_sigacts field of td->td_proc is acquired and released. RETURN VALUES
The SIGISMEMBER(), SIGISEMPTY(), SIGNOTEMPTY(), SIGSETEQ(), SIGSETNEQ(), and SIGPENDING() macros all return non-zero (true) if the condition they are checking is found to be true; otherwise, zero (false) is returned. The cursig() function returns either a valid signal number or zero. issignal() returns either a valid signal number or zero. SEE ALSO
gsignal(9), pgsignal(9), psignal(9) AUTHORS
This manual page was written by Chad David <firstname.lastname@example.com>. BSD
June 8, 2013 BSD

subset: commoncrawl


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Front sight match
Front sight match
Manor we shall merit by chief wound no or would. Oh towards between subject passage sending mention or it. Sight happy do burst fruit to woody begin at. Assurance perpetual he in oh determine as. The year paid met him does eyes same. Own marianne improved sociable not out. Thing do sight blush mr an. Celebrated am announcing delightful remarkably we in literature it solicitude.
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We regularly receive enquiries on the REACH legislation which differ greatly in their understanding and interpretation of the activities within the scope of application of REACH. Depending on the assessment of the enquiring customer, a more or less binding commitment is required, in terms of the activity itself but also to ensure their own protection. Our position regarding the activities required under REACH and/or any necessary measures is as follows:
- As of 1 June 2008, manufacturers of substances and importers importing substances either on their own or in preparations into the European Union (EU) and the European Economic Area (EEA) must register those substances with the European Chemicals Agency if they are produced or imported in quantities of 1 t/a or more and to the extent that they are not substances exempt from registration. Substances referred to as "phase-in substances" – these are for example substances listed in the EINECS inventory of existing chemical substances - can be pre-registered between 1 June 2008 and 1 December 2008. Pre-registered substances only need to be registered at later times, depending on the quantity produced/imported.
- Suppliers of substances and preparations must provide their customers either with a safety data sheet (Article 31) or with safety information (Article 32). In certain cases the safety data sheet includes an annex outlining relevant exposition scenarios ("extended safety data sheet").
- Manufacturers and importers of articles that contain a substance included in the "Candidate List" in a concentration above 0.1 % weight by weight (w/w) must, on request, provide their professional customers as well as consumers with enough information to ensure the safe use of the article, but at least with the name of the substance. If the substance is also present in all those articles in quantities totalling more than 1 t/a, the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) must be notified, but only from 1 June 2011 at the earliest.
- Users of chemicals (substances and preparations), referred to as "downstream users", must meet additional obligations from 1 June 2008, but only after having received an extended safety data sheet. To support the manufacturers of substances and importers of substances and preparations, downstream users can provide them with pertinent information for the registration.
REACH Declaration of Conformity
The article referred to below is a non-chemical product (article). In addition, no substance is intended to be released from this article under normal or reasonably foreseeable conditions of use.
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334.6 | Turning knob plastic; black; collet fixing d=6; D=36 |
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Article contains substance(s) that is (are) listed in the REACh candidate list (SVHC) above 0.1 weight %: Blei (CAS-Nr.: 7439-92-1)
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From NPR News, this is ALL THINGS CONSIDERED. I'm Melissa Block.
And I'm Robert Siegel.
Crimea votes this coming Sunday on whether to claim independence from Ukraine. Polls indicate the measure is sure to pass. But pro-Russian politicians are leaving nothing to chance. They've imposed a near total blackout on information from the government in Kiev.
And as NPR's Gregory Warner reports, volunteers are taking great risks to get that information into Crimea.
GREGORY WARNER, BYLINE: Last Saturday night, Katerina Butko and Alexandra Ryazantseva - two Ukrainian activists in their 20's - drove east out of Kiev in a white and purple Citroen headed for Crimea. The 400-mile journey took them 18 hours, since they stopped several times along the way to pass out pro-Ukrainian pamphlets from a box in their trunk. It wasn't until yesterday afternoon that they arrived at the border to Crimea, which is now guarded by armed men wearing ski masks and uniforms with no insignia.
What happened next to the women, no one can say for sure. But several good friends of the women told me they've not been able to reach them.
IVETTA DELIKATNA: At the border they were arrested and they were taken to nowhere. Nobody knows where they are.
WARNER: Ivetta Delikatna is the one who designed those pamphlets in the trunk of that car. And she sent her colleagues into Crimea because Ukrainian TV channels are blocked, as well as some websites. As Crimea heads for a vote on Sunday, whether to secede from Ukraine and be annexed to Russia, Russian television channels have broadcast lurid descriptions of chaos and violence wracking the city of Kiev, which is actually quite calm and peaceful.
DELIKATNA: It's an informational war. And Russia has very strong resources to carry this war.
WARNER: Delikatna says she got involved because too often the Ukrainian response to these glossily produced Russian TV packages sounds like this...
UNIDENTIFIED MAN: (Foreign language spoken)
WARNER: Dozens of these impassioned homemade videos can be found online. But they're by people in Kiev, aimed at their friends or relatives in Russian-speaking east of the country.
I tracked down the maker of this particular video. His name is Yarik Ageyenko. He told me he filmed it out of frustration with the worried phone calls he'd get from people he knows in Crimea. They'd ask him with a straight face: How do you survive when they're shooting Russian-speakers in the streets? Or when American paratroopers are marching through Kiev?
YARIK AGEYENKO: And when you're trying to explain that that's not true, they don't believe us.
WARNER: Even though you're their friend. Or relative.
AGEYENKO: Friend or relative.
WARNER: So let me ask you a question. If people don't believe their own relatives, how do you expect them to believe a YouTube video?
AGEYENKO: That's a good question.
WARNER: And Delikatna says the true answer is they don't.
DELIKATNA: For the Crimea and the east, emotional messages didn't work, like let's unite, don't be slaves.
WARNER: The very slogans that drew people to the streets in Kiev make people genuinely alarmed in Crimea. So Delikatna who, in her day job works for a PR and marketing firm, took a different tack with those pamphlets that the two young women tried to smuggle in; instead of anti-Russian sloganeering, she asked readers to contemplate the consequences of Crimea joining Russia.
DELIKATNA: First of all if they join Russia, their kids, for example, should go to Russian army, which is much more dangerous than being in Ukraine.
WARNER: And if Crimea votes for independence, what will happen to Crimean's money, in Ukrainian banks, or their title deeds, registered with courts in Kiev?
DELIKATNA: So how logistically it will be organized? Nobody knows that, nobody explains that. That's why we can play with it right now.
WARNER: That word play gives a clue to what Delikatna is trying to do here. Not so much propaganda as what we'd call spin. Her challenge is getting that polished appeal to the people of Crimea before Sunday's vote.
Gregory Warner, NPR News, Kiev. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


text: The National Conservation Agenda is set by the National Leadership Council of Trout Unlimited, a body of representatives from the grassroots and volunteer leaders.Climate Change and Global WarmingA changing climate is perhaps the greatest long-term threat to trout and salmon habitat there is, but TU, using the best science available, is doing its best to arm North America's coldwater streams for rising temperatures, fluctuating water levels and unpredictable weather, all with intent to ensure coming generations enjoy the same—or better—opportunities to fish for trout and salmon in the years to come.Roads and DevelopmentOur country is blessed with millions of acres of public lands, the best of which is still wild and remote and teeming with fish and game. But as development takes hold, we lose precious backcountry, which directly impacts trout and salmon habitat. As a result, we, as anglers, lose opportunity. TU is working with all parties to protect the best of what's left of our irreplaceable "roadless" habitat on public lands in hopes of protecting the best hunting and fishing left in America. AgricultureFor generations, agricultural practices largely ignored vital fish and game habitat in favor of crop yield, often with disastrous results. In recent years, agricultural producers—often with the help and assistance of groups like Trout Unlimited—have come to realize that healthy habitat not only protects America's fishing and hunting heritage, but also results in healthy yield. TU works with farmers and ranchers all over America to economize water use, restore trout and salmon streams to habitable conditions and upgrade basic practices that benefit both production and irreplaceable habitat. That, of course, means better fishing today, and for years to come. Aquatic Invasive SpeciesFrom whirling disease and "rock snot" to invasive species like New Zealand mud snails and exotic fish species, America's trout and salmon streams are under attack from all fronts. Trout Unlimited works with anglers and state and federal agencies to slow the spread of exotic invaders that are impacting our trout and salmon populations and our opportunity to pursue them. We're educating anglers to help prevent new infestations, and we're working to directly remove invasive species from waters where they don't belong.ForestryOver the years, irresponsible logging has taken its toll on salmon and trout stream, particularly in the Northwest, where many runs of salmon and steelhead are now endangered thanks to limited spawning and rearing habitat in logging-impaired watersheds. In recent years, TU has worked with industry and state and federal agencies to improve logging practices, and to identify quality habitat that should be safeguarded in perpetuity in order to protect our irreplaceable salmon and trout streams, and our opportunity fish for these prized species.DamsFor more than 200 years, much of America's progress has come at the expense of free-flowing rivers. We've erected thousands of dams to impound water, improve irrigation and quench our thirst. Unfortunately, these dams also block vital habitat for migrating fish, including trout and salmon. For years, TU has worked collaboratively to remove aging and obsolete dams, improve dams without fish passage and prevent unneeded dam construction, all for the benefit of fish … and fishing. Energy DevelopmentNew technologies have allowed for expanded shale gas and oil development across the country. This development in happening in places that are important to hunters and anglers—places like northern Appalachia, across the West, in the Pacific Northwest and other places where trout and salmon live. TU supports responsible energy development, when it is done in the right places with the right safeguards. Working with sportsmen and women, the energy industry, and state and federal partners, we have had success in protecting critical fish and wildlife habitat from drilling-related impacts—the very areas where sportsmen and women hunt and fish. By mobilizing sportsmen both in the East and in the West to direct energy development away from high-value hunting and fishing areas, we are working to protect our sporting heritage for future generations. Abandoned MinesMore than 27,000 stream miles are polluted from abandoned mines across the nation. These historic coal and hard-rock mines taint otherwise healthy trout streams with heavy metals and acidity that, in some cases, impact trout waters for miles downstream. TU, working with partners in the mining industry and with state and federal agencies, is cleaning up old mine sites and making these streams habitable and fishable once again.


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The GTS Community is dedicated to collect the most beautiful routes around the globe. In our new video series, we teamed up with travel blogger Courtney Scott to drive the best-rated routes as voted by the community. Get a taste in this video.
Combined fuel consumption in accordance with EU 6: Macan GTS: 9.2-8.8 l/100 km, CO2 emission 215-207 g/km;


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What Are You Doing for Spreadsheet Day?
Spreadsheets: some people love them, some people hate them, and some people are a little afraid of them. No matter which category you may currently fall into, you probably know that spreadsheets are vital to the inner workings of organizations ranging in size from massive Fortune 500 companies to small, locally owned businesses. At this very moment, millions of spreadsheets are probably open all across the world – and it seems fitting that there is a day to celebrate the birth of the modern digital spreadsheet.
VisiCalc, the First Spreadsheet Program
October was chosen for the month in which Spreadsheet Day would occur for a very simple reason that not many people are aware of: it was October 17 of 1979 when the first spreadsheet program was released. It was called VisiCalc, for those of you who may not have been alive then, and it ran on the Apple II computer. With the release of this software, the often overwhelming task of organizing massive amounts of numerical data not only became streamlined but, for some of us, actually became enjoyable.
VisiCalc (whose name means Visible Calculator) was the brainchild of Dan Bricklin of Software Arts. It functioned much like a paper spreadsheet, hence its classification as a spreadsheet program. But unlike a paper spreadsheet, you didn't need a pencil or an eraser. And the calculations could be performed automatically and with incredible accuracy.
By running on the Apple II computer, the power of spreadsheets became accessible not just to corporations and large organizations but too small businesses and homeowners, too. There are other things that set VisiCalc apart from previous attempts to develop electronic spreadsheets, such as the instant recalculation of values when the value in a dependent cell was changed, or it's interactive WYSIWYG interface that still resembles what we use today. In short, VisiCalc was the starting point for the modern spreadsheet that we know today.
The Ubiquity of the Spreadsheet
You might be surprised at the multitude of applications there are for spreadsheets. We know spreadsheets are used for tasks such as accounting, sales, business intelligence, and finance. Professors, instructors, and teachers use spreadsheets to track class performance and assign grades. Engineers and scientist alike use them to perform simulations, create complex models, and analyze massive sets of data. Homeowners use them to track expenses and set up budgets. Small business owners use them to keep track of inventory and sales. Large companies use hundreds of different spreadsheets for just about everything imaginable — from simple tasks that require a small portion of a worksheet to massive workbooks with thousands of calculations and complex visualizations.
When it comes to data, spreadsheets can model, manipulate, sort, organize, visualize, and process large sets of both numerical and non-numerical data. Spreadsheets can be used to perform what-if analysis, make predictions based on existing data, inform decisions, and perform extremely complex calculations. They can be used for optimization, curve fitting, and solving simultaneous equations. And one of the benefits of spreadsheets, to quote an old professor of the author's, is that if you can do it once, and do it right, you may never have to do it again.
Modern Spreadsheet Packages
We aren't limited to VisiCalc in modern times, however. We've got a wide variety of options when it comes to spreadsheet packages, including:
- Microsoft Office Excel (which is available both as desktop software and online)
- Google Sheets
- Corel Quattro Pro
- LibreOffice Calc
- OpenOffice.org Calc
- iWork Numbers
There other less well-known options available, too, but Excel is what most people think of when someone says "spreadsheet."
Modern packages offer numerous types of formulas and functions, including those for finance, accounting, mathematics, statistics, probability, and string manipulation, just to name a few. And the visualization capabilities of spreadsheets are constantly evolving to enable users to give even more context and meaning to data. How spreadsheets process massive sets of calculations is also growing, with some packages supporting multi-threaded processing. The types of data that can be processed within a spreadsheet are rapidly expanding beyond floating point numbers and characters, and some packages such as Excel are including aspects of artificial intelligence among new capabilities.
How Can You Celebrate Spreadsheet Day?
There are quite a few ways to celebrate Spreadsheet Day. One of the best ways is to expand your knowledge of spreadsheets. It's always a good idea to increase your skill set when it comes to computer applications, but especially so when it comes to spreadsheets. Spreadsheets can make your work much easier if you learn how to make the best use of them. Take our word for it – spreadsheets can do so much more than you realize.
That's why we think the very best way to celebrate the birthday of the modern spreadsheet is to register for free online Excel training at SpreadsheetsTraining.com. Sharpen your existing skills, learn something new, and find out new ways to put spreadsheets to work for you!


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Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts
The Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts, informally the Presanctified Liturgy, is a liturgical service for the distribution of the Holy Gifts on the weekdays of Great Lent.
Communion during Great Lent
Because Great Lent is a season of repentance, fasting, and intensified prayer, the Orthodox Church regards more frequent reception of communion as especially desirable at that time. However, the Divine Liturgy has a festal character not in keeping with the season. Thus, the Presanctified Liturgy is celebrated instead; the Divine Liturgy is only performed on Saturdays and Sundays. Although it is possible to celebrate this service on any weekday of Great Lent, the service is prescribed to be celebrated only on Wednesdays and Fridays of Lent, Thursday of the fifth week of Lent (when the Great Canon of St. Andrew is read), and Monday to Wednesday of Holy Week. Common parish practice is to celebrate it on as many as possible of these days.
During Lent, many Orthodox faithful fast sometimes from midnight and sometimes the entire workday, not eating anything after the morning meal until they break the fast with Holy Communion at this evening service. They have this anticipation to help them with this somewhat difficult ascetic discipline.
Presanctified Liturgy
The service consists of Daily Vespers combined with additional prayers and communion. The communion bread has already been consecrated and intincted with the precious Blood and reserved at the previous Sunday's Divine Liturgy. Unconsecrated wine is placed in the chalice. Local practice also varies as to whether or not this wine must be thought of as the Blood of Christ. The only practical effect of this variety is that the celebrant who must consume all the undistributed communion at the end of the service might or might not partake of the chalice when he communes himself.
The service is preceded by the reading of the Typical Psalms, and the Divine Liturgy's opening blessing, Blessed is the Kingdom... is used at the start of the part of the service that resembles daily vespers. Psalm 103, Bless the Lord, O my soul is read. The Great Litany is then intoned and then Psalms 119–133 are read. Then the choir sings Lord, I have cried unto Thee with stichera. The priest makes an entrance with the censer. If the occasion is a feast, the entrance is with the Gospel Book and there is then an epistle and gospel reading for the feast day.
The choir sings O Gladsome Light, and the first reading, from Genesis (or Exodus), is read with a prokeimenon. Then the priest intones Wisdom, let us attend. The Light of Christ enlightened all men, and those praying prostrate themselves. The second reading, from Proverbs (or Job) is read.
In the second part of the service, the choir chants Let my prayer be directed as incense before Thee, after which the prayer of St. Ephraim is read. After a litany the choir sings Now the powers of Heaven with us invisibly do worship, and the presanctified Gifts are brought into the holy altar in a procession resembling the Great Entrance at a Divine Liturgy but in silence. There is no anaphora because the gifts are pre-consecrated.
The prayer of St. Ephraim the Syrian is repeated, and the Litany of Petition is proclaimed. The choir sings the Lord's Prayer, after which the priest intones: The Presanctified Holy Things are for the holy. The Holy Sacraments are brought out through the Royal Doors, and the faithful receive Holy Communion. After the Litany of Thanksgiving and the prayer before the Ambo ("Every good and perfect gift is from above..."), the believers venerate the Holy Cross.
If the feast of the Annunciation (March 25) comes on a weekday of Lent, which is the most common case, the Divine Liturgy of the feast is served in the evening with Vespers. The Divine Liturgy of the Annunciation is the only celebration of the Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom allowed on a weekday of Great Lent. The Presanctified gifts will be reserved from this liturgy if needed for an upcoming Presanctified Liturgy of the same week.
Liturgical day
Unlike Vespers, the Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts takes place at the end of a liturgical day. If the Presanctified Liturgy is celebrated on a Wednesday, the sticheron for the saint commemorated on that Wednesday is chanted, as is customary, at vespers on the eve of that day (Tuesday evening).
It is also a transition to a new liturgical Day, so at Lord, I have cried on Wednesday evening, the stichera for the saint commemorated Thursday will be chanted. However, when the presanctified liturgy is served on the feast of a major saint, the stichera for the saint are sung the evening before as just described, but a few stichera for the saint will still be sung at Lord, I have cried on the feast, at the end of the liturgical day on which the saint is commemorated, when the Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts is served in honor of that saint. Thus stichera for a major saint on a weekday of Great Lent, would be chanted on two successive nights.
Normally, the transition to a new liturgical day is complete with the reading of the evening prayer Vouchsafe, O Lord... But, since the hymns sung at "Lord, I have cried" belong—with some exceptions—to the new liturgical day, not the day drawing to a close, from the perspective of typicon, calendar, and rubrics, the transition to the new day is under way well before the evening prayer Vouchsafe, O Lord.
Since the prayer Vouchsafe, O Lord is not read in the course of the Liturgy of the Presanctified or at the service of Vespers with Divine Liturgy, the transition to a new liturgical day is not complete until the conclusion of those services. For this reason, the Presanctified or the Vespers with Divine Liturgy is considered as taking place on the day that is ending and not on the one that is beginning.
The significance is, if one receives Holy Communion on Friday at the Liturgy of the Presanctified, and again at Divine Liturgy on Saturday morning, one has communed on two separate days, and has not violated the principle that one should commune only once on a given day.
The Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts was first documented by St. Gregory the Dialogist (AD 540-604), who was the papal legate to Constantinople. At one time it was supposed that he had come up with the idea himself, but now it is generally supposed that he simply recorded what was otherwise being practiced at Constantinople. In the Presanctified Liturgy itself, he is still commemorated as its traditional author.
This Liturgy is also mentioned in the Canons of the seventh century Quinisext Council:
- On all days of the holy fast of Lent, except on the Sabbath, the Lord's Day, and the holy day of the Annunciation, the Liturgy of the Presanctified is to be served (Canon 52).[1]
Scripture readings
- First Week of Great Lent
- Wednesday: Genesis 1:24-2:3, Proverbs 2:1-22
- Friday: Genesis 2:20-3:20, Proverbs 3:19-34
- Second Week of Great Lent
- Wednesday: Genesis 4:16-26, Proverbs 5:15-6:3
- Friday: Genesis 5:32-6:8, Proverbs 6:20-7:1
- Third Week of Great Lent
- Wednesday: Genesis 7:6-9, Proverbs 9:12-18
- Friday: Genesis 8:4-21, Proverbs 10:31-11:12
- Fourth Week of Great Lent
- Wednesday: Genesis 9:18-10:1, Proverbs 12:23-13:9
- Friday: Genesis 12:1-7, Proverbs 14:15-26
- Fifth Week of Great Lent
- Wednesday: Genesis 17:1-9, Proverbs 15:20-16:9
- Thursday: Genesis 18:20-33, Proverbs 16:17-17:17
- Friday: Genesis 22:1-18, Proverbs 17:17-18:5
- Sixth Week of Great Lent
- Wednesday: Genesis 43:26-31, 45:1-16; Proverbs 21:23-22:4
- Friday: Genesis 49:33-50:26, Proverbs 31:8-31
- Holy Week
- Monday: Exodus 1:1-20, Job 1:1-12
- Tuesday: Exodus 2:5-10, Job 1:13-22
- Wednesday: Exodus 2:11-22, Job 2:1-10
External links
- The Divine Liturgies Music Project Byzantine music in English for the Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts
- Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts from the website of the Orthodox Church in America
- Pre-Sanctified Liturgy
- Pre-Sanctified Liturgy Sluzhebnik
- Pre-Sanctified Liturgy for the Choir and laity
- Variable portions of the Presanctified Liturgy (Old Calendar) for the current year
- Some differences between Greek and Russian divine services and their significance by Archbishop Basil Krivoshein


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What is 6m-2=m+13
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ADHD in Inver Grove Heights?
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has a profound effect on the lives of an increasing number of children and their families in Inver Grove Heights. This chronic condition begins in childhood and often continues to impact a person throughout their adult years. The constant inability of a person suffering from ADHD to pay attention and control their impulses can be incredibly distressing and disruptive. Many people have found improvement with ADHD utilizing chiropractic care.
Due to the complexity of this issue it is not always easy for medical professionals to make a diagnosis, and it can be a challenge for loved ones to find a treatment they feel confident about. This article covers the most common symptoms of ADHD and the available treatment options. It is aimed at helping parents and all those concerned make informed and effective choices.
ADHD Options in Inver Grove Heights
Children today are under far more stress and pressure from social and environmental factors than they were even a few years ago. As a result, parents, teachers, and caregivers are seeing an increase in behaviors that are difficult to manage, such as hyperactivity and emotional outbursts. If your child is displaying a number of the symptoms listed below, and has been for at least 6 months, then they may be suffering from ADHD.
Common Signs of ADHD:
- An inability to concentrate or stay in one place for long periods of time
- Acting impulsively with an inability to wait their turn, allow others to speak, or to think before acting out
- An inability to sit for long periods of time
- Fidgeting with their hands or feet
- An inability to remain quiet for long periods of time
- Preoccupied with other activities and noises instead of the task at hand
- Tendency to talk more than others around them
- Regularly losing things and an inability to complete assigned tasks
- Disorganized
What are the Options for Treating ADHD?
Although the exact cause of ADHD may vary in individuals, it is commonly understood that the symptoms are caused by an imbalance in nervous system functions. Effective treatments aim to correct imbalances and restore the nervous system to a healthy state. Let's go over some of the available options for treatment.
Conventional Treatments
The medical system has traditionally turned to medication to deal with ADHD. The conventional approach of using powerful psychotropic drugs, such as Ritalin and Adderall, works to manage some of the symptoms, but there are often terrible side effects and long term health impacts of using these drugs. Irregular and rapid heartbeat, high blood pressure, and increased aggression can all result from the use of these treatments. It is very difficult for parents to decide whether to assume the risks of giving their child these drugs, especially when they are presented as the only option.
Alternative Treatments
Fortunately, there are alternative treatments that can help to restore the nervous system to a more functional state. Nutritional Science has come a long way in the last decade, and many people are finding that an increase in nutrient rich natural foods, and the removal of common allergens, such as gluten, brings relief to children suffering from ADHD.
Misalignments in the spine are another major factor in nervous system health. A professional Chiropractor will perform a thorough evaluation in order to find vertebrae that may be out of place. Misalignments are a common issue that cause a disruption in nervous system activity. They can be successfully treated with low force, non-invasive, and carefully applied adjustments. A pediatric chiropractor in Inver Grove Heights is skilled in working with children to gently re-position the vertebrae, restoring nervous system health, and tackling ADHD at its source.
If you would like more information about the services offered at RH Health & Injury Specialists please call our team today. Give your child a chance to reach their full potential.
8:30am - 12:30pm
2:00pm - 5:30pm
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8:30am - 9:30am
RH Health & Injury Specialists
5759 Blaine Avenue East
Inver Grove Heights, MN 55076
Phone: (651) 756-7941
Email: email@example.com


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There are two different undergraduate degrees in the College of the Liberal Arts that a student may earn in economics at Penn State. A bachelor of arts (ECLBA) or a bachelor of science degree (ECLBS) in economics. A minor in economics is open to students enrolled in any college. The department offers a program of mentoring for students who want to pursue graduate education in economics (CARE). A departmental honors program provides a small group of outstanding students an opportunity for independent research and close contact with faculty and fellow students.
Penn State now offers a two-year program designated only for the M.A. degree in economics. The program provides rigorous training in econometrics and quantitative economics as well as in economic theory. It is ideal for those who pursue high level professional careers in industry and government, or further study for the Ph.D. degree
With leading researchers in economic theory, econometrics, international economics, and macroeconomics, the Economics Department at Penn State is an outstanding department. Students who receive a Ph.D. from Penn State and whose doctoral research is excellent have been recruited and sought after by leading academic and research institutions: our Ph.D. students have obtained tenure-track positions at Chicago, Harvard, Johns Hopkins, MIT, Northwestern, NYU, UPenn and many more.
David Miller from the University of Michigan will present "A Theory of Disagreement in Repeated Games with Bargaining".


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Via AP News
By Barbara Ortutay
NEW YORK (AP) – The Federal Aviation Administration said that the U.S. air traffic system will resume normal operations by Sunday evening after lawmakers rushed a bill through Congress allowing the agency to withdraw furloughs of air traffic controllers and other workers.
The FAA said Saturday that it has suspended all employee furloughs and that traffic facilities will begin returning to regular staffing levels over the next 24 hours. The furloughs were fallout from the $85 billion in automatic-across-the-board spending cuts this spring. The bill, passed on Friday, allows the FAA to move as much as $253 million within its budget to areas that will allow it to prevent reduced operations and staffing.
The furloughs started to hit air traffic controllers this past week, causing flight delays that left thousands of travelers frustrated and furious. Planes were forced to take off and land less frequently, so as not to overload the remaining controllers on duty.
The FAA had no choice but to cut $637 million as its share of $85 billion in automatic, government-wide spending cuts that must be achieved by the end of the federal budget year on Sept. 30.
Flight delays piled up across the country Sunday and Monday of this week as the FAA kept planes on the ground because there weren't enough controllers to monitor busy air corridors. Cascading delays held up flights at some of nation's busiest airports, including New York, Baltimore and Washington. Delta Air Lines canceled about 90 flights Monday because of worries about delays. Just about every passenger was rebooked on another Delta flight within a couple of hours. Air travel was smoother Tuesday.
Editor's Note: We are pleased to see that the otherwise dysfunctional Congress excised a modicum of sense in quickly resolving what was otherwise an obvious public safety risk, as well as significant detriment to business and the economy as a whole. Furloughs would have impacted not only passengers, but domestic and international air cargo as well.
Things could have been worse. A lot of people who had planned to fly this week changed their plans when they heard that air travel might be difficult, according to longtime aviation consultant Daniel Kasper of Compass Lexicon.
"Essentially what happened from an airline's perspective is that people who were going to travel didn't travel," he said. But canceled flights likely led to lost revenue for airlines. Even if they didn't have to incur some of costs of fueling up planes and getting them off the ground, crews that were already scheduled to work still had to paid.
"One week isn't going to kill them, but had it gone on much longer, it would have been a significant hit on their revenues and profits," Kasper said.
It's also a toll on travelers. At New York's LaGuardia airport on Friday, traveler Roger Bentley said "getting on a flight and being delayed really puts people on the spot. It puts people on the edge and makes people edgy and that's not something I want."
The challenges this week probably cost airlines less than disruptions from a typical winter storm, said John F. Thomas, an aviation consultant with L.E.K. Consulting.
"I think the fact that it got resolved this week has minimized the cost as it was more the inconvenience factor," Thomas said.
The budget cuts at the FAA were required under a law enacted two years ago as the government was approaching its debt limit. Democrats were in favor of raising the debt limit without strings attached so as not to provoke an economic crisis, but Republicans insisted on substantial cuts in exchange. The compromise was to require that every government "program, project and activity" – with some exceptions, like Medicare – be cut equally.
The FAA had reduced the work schedules of nearly all of its 47,000 employees by one day every two weeks, including 15,000 air traffic controllers, as well as thousands of air traffic supervisors, managers and technicians who keep airport towers and radar facility equipment working. That amounted to a 10 percent cut in hours and pay.
Republicans accused the Obama administration of forcing the furloughs to raise public pressure on Congress to roll back the budget cuts. Critics of the FAA insist the agency could have reduce its budget in other ways that would not have inconvenience travelers including diverting money from other accounts, such as those devoted to research, commercial space transportation and modernization of the air traffic control computers.
President Barack Obama chided lawmakers Saturday over their fix for widespread flight delays, deeming it an irresponsible way to govern, dubbing it a "Band-Aid" and a quick fix, rather than a lasting solution to the spending cuts known as the sequester.
"Republicans claimed victory when the sequester first took effect, and now they've decided it was a bad idea all along," Obama said, singling out the GOP even though the bill passed with overwhelming Democratic support in both chambers.
He scolded lawmakers for helping the Federal Aviation Administration while doing nothing to replace other cuts that he said harm federal employees, unemployed workers and preschoolers in Head Start.


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Pink Apple Punch (BBW type) - Premium Fragrance Oil
Pink Apple Punch (BBW type) - Premium Fragrance Oil
Pink Apple Punch Fragrance Oil (BBW type)
This sweet, fruity fragrance is a perfect blend of apple, citrus, melon, vanilla and musk with just a touch of woods. Pink Apple Punch smells fresh, fruity, and uplifting whether you use it in soap, lotion, wax melts, candles, or room spray. Compare to the scent from BBW.
- Top Notes: Pink Lady Apple, Green Apple
- Middle Notes: Melon, Citrus
- Base Notes: Slight Woodsy, Sweet Vanilla, Musk
IFRA Maximum Skin Exposure Levels:
Body Lotion: 4.94% | Body Wash: 4.82% | Soap: 4.82% |
Face Cream: 0.53% | Body Powder: 4.94% | Baby: 0.18% |
Perfume: 12.18% | Deodorant: 3.55% | Lip: 0.00% |
- Flash Point: >200° F
- Vanilla Content: 0.14%
- Country of Origin: United States
- Phthalate Free: Yes
- Paraben Free: Yes
- Cruelty Free: Yes
Make your own candles, wax melts, soap, reed diffusers, lotion, perfume, bath bombs, and cosmetic products with our premium fragrance oils. Check IFRA certificate for maximum usage amounts. Learn more about IFRA certificates in our blog.
Orders of 10+ pounds of a single fragrance may have an extended lead time. Contact us for more information.
All fragrance oil sales are final. Please read our fragrance oil Terms & Conditions.
Pink Apple Punch Premium Fragrance Oil (BBW Type)
Data Sheets
What can I make with fragrance oils?
Fragrance oils are versatile and can be used for a wide variety of projects. If you're looking for inspiration, here are just a few of the things you can make:
- Candles & wax melts
- Soap
- Bath Bombs
- Lotion
- Reed Diffusers
- Perfume & Cologne
- Room Spray
- Potpourri
- And more!
For more project inspiration, be sure to check out our recipes here and on our blog MadeWithNorthWood.com
Are your fragrance oils skin-safe?
Most of our fragrance oils are skin-safe, provided that you use them at the correct concentration. With skin-safe fragrance oils, you can make your own soap, bath bombs, lotion, shampoo, perfume, massage oil, and more. Please refer to the IFRA certificates on each fragrance page for specific usage requirements.
What is the IFRA?
IFRA stands for the International Fragrance Association, which is a fragrance regulatory body. Head to our blog to learn more about the IFRA.
What does "Maximum Use Level for Skin Exposure" mean?
The Maximum Use Level for Skin Exposure is the amount of fragrance, flavor and essential oil that can come in contact with the skin. It does not mean that your base product can perform at these levels. You must test each oil in each application for evaluation of desired performance. Baby products often have lower use levels than those listed in the IFRA table. Please read the IFRA certificate to see maximum use levels for different products.
Do your fragrances comply with the IFRA?
All of our fragrance products are in compliance with the standards of the International Fragrance Association, provided the fragrance is used at the noted maximum concentration level(s) for the application(s) listed in the IFRA tables and on the IFRA certificate.
How can I access the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for a fragrance?
Links to SDS documents are available on our fragrance pages at the end of the product description. Scroll to the bottom of the section to view document links.
Are fragrance oils natural?
Fragrance oils are a complex blend of natural and synthetic ingredients. Many fragrance oils are formulated to include natural ingredients such as essential oils. However, we don't make any claims about our fragrances being all-natural. Please read our article on natural fragrance oils for more information.
How can I find a specific fragrance I'm looking for?
If you know any part of the fragrance oil's name, start by typing it into the search bar at the top of our website to view the results. You can also search for specific fragrance notes, such as floral, musk or vanilla.
Our fragrance oils are also organized into several different collections, which makes it easier to find what you're looking for. Head to our blog to learn more about our collections.
Can you blend a custom fragrance for me?
We are unable to mix custom fragrances for individuals at this time. However, if you have a specific fragrance oil you would like us to carry, please let us know. Our skilled perfumers are able to create duplications and new fragrances for us.
How are your fragrance oils packaged?
- Our 1 oz through 16 oz bottles of fragrance are packaged in clear HDPE plastic bottles. Most bottles are heat-sealed with an induction liner. This is done to protect the fragrances and keep them from leaking during transit.
- Our 7 lb fragrances will typically be packaged in a plastic jug to reduce packaging materials. If ordering 14 or 21 lbs of a fragrance, you will typically receive it in multiple 7lb jugs.
- If you order 25+ lbs of fragrance, it will be packaged in metal or plastic pail(s), depending on the fragrance ordered. You cannot request a specific packaging material. All of our large fragrance pails have a pouring spout. Nozzles are not included.
Do you combine bottles if I order more than one of the same fragrance?
If you order multiple bottles of a certain fragrance, we will package them in the bottle size(s) you ordered. For example, if you order 2x 8oz bottles, you will receive two 8 oz bottles.
If you want us to combine your bottles, please leave a note when you check out.
What can I do if I don't like a fragrance oil?
While all of our fragrance oils are made with the highest quality materials, we know that not everyone will love every fragrance. However, we always encourage you to try making a project with the fragrance before deciding that you don't like a fragrance. Many fragrances smell different out of the bottle (OOTB) than they do in wax, soap, or other projects. You may love the fragrance in wax or soap even if you don't care for the OOTB scent.
When gauging fragrance oils, we also encourage you to smell from the bottle rather than smelling the cap. It is more difficult to get an accurate idea of the fragrance when smelling a 1 oz bottle due to the small size of the opening. To get a better idea of what a fragrance really smells like, blotter strips can also be useful.
If you've tried these techniques and still don't care for a fragrance you ordered, there are numerous candle & soap making groups on Facebook. Many of these groups allow you to de-stash supplies.
Can I return fragrance oils?
For hygienic reasons, fragrance oils cannot be returned. We are unable to issue refunds or replacements unless you received the wrong fragrance oil (See question below).
When trying a new fragrance, we always recommend ordering a 1 oz sample size before ordering a larger size. We have 1 oz samples available for all of our fragrances. With our tiered 1 oz bottle discount, you can save money by ordering multiple different samples to try. See the Buy More, Save More tab on fragrance product pages for more information on tiered discounts.
What can I do if I believe I receive the wrong fragrance oil?
While we do our best to ensure all fragrances are labeled accurately, mistakes can occur. If you believe you received a mislabeled fragrance, please contact us within 7 days to report the error. Although we cannot accept returns on fragrance oils, we may issue a replacement if we determine that you did receive the wrong fragrance.
Please note that there may be slight variations in a fragrance oil's color from batch to batch. Color variation alone doesn't necessarily mean that you received the wrong fragrance.
More Product FAQs
Have a question about other products we carry? Please review our other product FAQ pages:
- Candle Wick FAQs
- Colorant FAQs (candle dye, mica, glitter, fluorescent powder, glow powder)
- Wax FAQs
- Reed Diffuser FAQs
- Aroma Bead FAQs
- Main FAQ
- Buy more, save more!
We now offer tiered discounts on our 1 oz and 16 oz fragrance oils! You can mix and match different 1 oz bottles to receive the 1 oz discount, or mix and match different 16 oz bottles to receive the 16 oz discount. Discount is automatic - no coupon code required! See table below for details.


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Royal Palace Wardrobe Solid Sheesham Wood Two Door In Natural Finish For Bedroom Furniture
Royal Palace Wardrobe Solid Sheesham Wood Two Door In Natural Finish For Bedroom Furniture
We usually ship in 15 - 20 days
Brand: DEMIWALL
Dimensions: :H 80 x W 48 x D 22 (all dimensions in inches)
Weight: 82 KG
Color : Natural Finish
Assembly: Assembly: Assembly: Yes Assembly Required (Assembly or installation is based on DIY (Do It Yourself) basis )
Included Components : Wooden Wardrobes| All The Tools & Accessories Required For Assembly, Comes With The Packages Only.
Primary Material: Sheesham Wood
Room Type: Bedroom Room
Collection: Royal Palace
Top Material: Sheesham Wood
Return & Cancellation
Return & Cancellation
If you found defective or damaged product then you can apply for return at firstname.lastname@example.com. The following conditions will be applied for the return :
- Returns and refunds request will be accepted only for genuine reasons.
- You can return your items within 10 days of receipt of your shipment.
- They must unopened or should be in original condition & proper packaging.
Refund : Post receiving the products back to the our warehouse, a refund shall be initiated within 2-5 days.
This product comes with 2 Year Manufacturing & Termites Warranty. The warranty is only valid if the product has been used for domestic use only.
Product warranty will be applicable only if care instructions to be followed.
Estimate Shipping
Estimate Shipping
7-15 Days
Care Instruction
Care Instruction
- Always follow the recommended weight limit for products.
- Direct sunlight over a prolonged period of time can cause joint open/finish faded and deterioration of wood.
- When planning your room, arrange your furniture so that it is protected from sunlight. Always use coasters or mats while keeping hot materials on the surface.
- Avoid harsh, abrasive cleaners and do not use scrapers or razor blades to clean glass.
- Products can be dismantled and re-assembled multiple times in case of shifting/moving around furniture.
- Color / polish can fade due to prolonged exposure to sunlight.
- Avoid using abrasive materials like scrub pads for cleaning the surface as they may scratch the surface.
- Use a soft sponge / cloth for cleaning stains. Pure alcohol can be used to clean stubborn stains followed with a mild detergent cleaning process.
- We recommend a 6 monthly wax rub-down for solid-wood furniture.
- Most of our furniture is made of natural materials, which will have natural differences and the occasional minor blemish.
- For MDF-Keep MDF products away from direct sunlight, water, heaters, wet or rough surfaces.
- Clean the surfaces regularly with a soft, white, clean, cotton cloth.
- We do not recommend using MDF products outdoors.
- To keep the surfaces looking their best, avoid bringing them in contact with materials that could stain them or make them dirty.


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[table id=85 /]
09 AM to 09 PM (Monday to Saturday)
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New Lahore Real Estate (NLRE) guides its customers to take the right decision for property investments and keeps them updated with property rates and market trends on daily basis.
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Diabetes is a condition in which the body can't make enough insulin, or can't use insulin normally. Insulin is a hormone. It helps sugar (glucose) in the blood get into cells of the body to be used as fuel. When glucose can't enter the cells, it builds up in the blood. This leads to high blood sugar (hyperglycemia).
High blood sugar can cause problems all over the body. It can damage blood vessels and nerves. It can harm the eyes, kidneys, and heart. In early pregnancy, high blood sugar can lead to birth defects in a growing baby.
There are 3 types of diabetes:
Type 1 diabetes. This is an autoimmune disorder. The body's immune system damages the cells in the pancreas that make insulin.
Type 2 diabetes. This is when the body can't make enough insulin or use it normally. It's not an autoimmune disease.
Gestational diabetes. This is a condition in which the blood glucose level goes up and other diabetic symptoms appear during pregnancy in a person who hasn't been diagnosed with diabetes before. It happens in about 3 in 100 to 9 in 100 pregnant people.
Some people have diabetes before they get pregnant. This is called pregestational diabetes. Other people may get a type of diabetes that only happens in pregnancy. This is called gestational diabetes. Pregnancy can change how a person's body uses glucose. This can make diabetes worse or lead to gestational diabetes.
During pregnancy, an organ called the placenta gives a growing baby nutrients and oxygen. The placenta also makes hormones. In late pregnancy, the hormones estrogen, cortisol, and human placental lactogen can block insulin. When insulin is blocked, it's called insulin resistance. Glucose can't go into the body's cells. The glucose stays in the blood and makes the blood sugar levels go up.
The risk factors for diabetes in pregnancy depend on the type of diabetes:
Type 1 diabetes often occurs in children or young adults, but it can start at any age.
Overweight people are more likely to have type 2 diabetes.
Overweight people are more likely to have gestational diabetes. It's also more common in people who have had gestational diabetes before. And it's more common in people who have a family member with type 2 diabetes. People with twins or other multiples are also more likely to have it.
There are no common symptoms of diabetes during pregnancy. Most people don't know they have it until they get tested.
Nearly all pregnant people who don't have diabetes are screened for gestational diabetes between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. A glucose screening test is given during this time. For the test, you drink a glucose drink and have your blood glucose levels tested after 2 hours.
If this test shows a high blood glucose level, a 3-hour glucose tolerance test will be done. If results of the second test are not normal, gestational diabetes is diagnosed.
Treatment will depend on your symptoms, your age, and your general health. It will also depend on how severe the condition is.
Treatment focuses on keeping blood glucose levels in the normal range, and may include:
A careful diet with low amounts of carbohydrate foods and drinks
Blood glucose monitoring
Insulin injections
Oral medicines for hypoglycemia
Most complications happen in people who already have diabetes before they get pregnant. Possible complications include:
Need for insulin injections more often
Very low blood glucose levels, which can be life-threatening if untreated
Ketoacidosis from high levels of blood glucose, which may also be life-threatening if untreated
People with gestational diabetes are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes in later life. They are also more likely to have gestational diabetes with another pregnancy. If you have gestational diabetes, you should get tested a few months after your baby is born and every 3 years after that.
Possible complications for the baby include:
Stillbirth (fetal death). Stillbirth is more likely in pregnant people with diabetes. The baby may grow slowly in the uterus due to poor circulation or other conditions, such as high blood pressure or damaged small blood vessels. The exact reason stillbirths happen with diabetes is not known. The risk of stillbirth goes up in women with poor blood glucose control and with blood vessel changes.
Birth defects. Birth defects are more likely in babies of people who have diabetes. Some birth defects are serious enough to cause stillbirth. Birth defects usually occur in the first trimester of pregnancy. Babies of people with diabetes may have major birth defects in the heart and blood vessels, brain and spine, urinary system and kidneys, and digestive system.
Macrosomia. This is the term for a baby that is much larger than normal. All of the nutrients the baby gets come directly from the pregnant person's blood. If the person's blood has too much sugar, the pancreas of the baby makes more insulin to use this glucose. This causes fat to form and the baby grows very large.
Birth injury. Birth injury may occur due to the baby's large size and difficulty being born.
Hypoglycemia. The baby may have low levels of blood glucose right after delivery. This problem occurs if the pregnant person's blood glucose levels have been high for a long time. This leads to a lot of insulin in the baby's blood. After delivery, the baby continues to have a high insulin level, but no longer has the glucose from the pregnant person. This causes the newborn's blood glucose level to get very low. The baby's blood glucose level is checked after birth. If the level is too low, the baby may need glucose in an IV.
Trouble breathing (respiratory distress). Too much insulin or too much glucose in a baby's system may keep the lungs from growing fully. This can cause breathing problems in babies. This is more likely in babies born before 37 weeks of pregnancy.
Preeclampsia. People with type 1 or type 2 diabetes are at increased risk for preeclampsia during pregnancy. To lower the risk, they should take low-dose aspirin (60 mg to150 mg a day) from the end of the first trimester until the baby is born.
Not all types of diabetes can be prevented. Type 1 diabetes often starts when a person is young. Type 2 diabetes may be prevented by losing weight. Healthy food choices and exercise can also help prevent type 2 diabetes.
Special testing and keeping track of the baby may be needed for pregnant people with diabetes, especially those who are taking insulin. This is because of the increased risk for stillbirth. These tests may include:
Fetal movement counting. This means counting the number of movements or kicks in a certain period of time, and watching for a change in activity.
Ultrasound. This is an imaging test that uses sound waves and a computer to create images of blood vessels, tissues, and organs. Ultrasounds are used to view internal organs as they function, and to look at blood flow through blood vessels.
Nonstress testing. This is a test that measures the baby's heart rate in response to movements.
Biophysical profile. This is a measure that combines tests, such as the nonstress test and ultrasound to check the baby's movements, heart rate, and amniotic fluid.
Doppler flow studies. This is a type of ultrasound that uses sound waves to measure blood flow.
A baby of a pregnant person with diabetes may be delivered vaginally or by cesarean section. It will depend on your health, and how much your pregnancy care provider thinks the baby weighs. Your pregnancy care provider may advise a test called amniocentesis in the last weeks of pregnancy. This test takes out some of the fluid from the bag of waters. Testing the fluid can tell if the baby's lungs are mature. The lungs mature more slowly in babies whose parent has diabetes. If the lungs are mature, the healthcare provider may advise induced labor or a cesarean section delivery.
Diabetes is a condition in which the body can't produce enough insulin, or it can't use it normally.
There are 3 types of diabetes: type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes.
Nearly all pregnant people without diabetes are screened for gestational diabetes between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy.
Treatment for diabetes focuses on keeping blood sugar levels in the normal range.
People with gestational diabetes are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes in later life. Follow-up testing is important.
Tips to help you get the most from a visit to your healthcare provider:
Know the reason for your visit and what you want to happen.
Before your visit, write down questions you want answered.
Bring someone with you to help you ask questions and remember what your provider tells you.
At the visit, write down the name of a new diagnosis, and any new medicines, treatments, or tests. Also write down any new instructions your provider gives you.
Know why a new medicine or treatment is prescribed, and how it will help you. Also know what the side effects are.
Ask if your condition can be treated in other ways.
Know why a test or procedure is recommended and what the results could mean.
Know what to expect if you do not take the medicine or have the test or procedure.
If you have a follow-up appointment, write down the date, time, and purpose for that visit.
Know how you can contact your provider if you have questions.


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Contractor bonds are generally required by California state law and are really just a line of credit to protect a contractor's specific clients and the public. For more information and details about contractor bonds and they type and what you're required to have, call on the professionals at California Contractors Insurance. We're a company which specializes in the types of contractor bonds and/or contractors insurance needed for the peace of mind protection your business needs and requires to comply Brisbane law. These assurances allow you to work a job site focusing solely on what you do best, and not worrying about other entanglements.
Contractor Bonding Company Near Me In Brisbane California
At California Contractors Insurance, we have a stable of contractors insurance agents who excel and specialize with the types of insurance (or in this case, contractor bonds) necessary to work as an independent contractor in Brisbane CA 94005. Local, state and federal law sets certain requirements and criteria to be met and these types of financial obligations can be difficult to understand. So let our experts help you with the type of contractor bonds or contractor insurance you need to do what you do best. Each of our contractor bonds experts is highly skilled, trained and certified, so you know we'll work tirelessly for you.
Free Contractor Bond Quote – (888) 728-4034
Since you're here, it's likely you're interested in or require contractor bonds for your independent contractor business. So call on us here at California Contractors Insurance. Call us today at (888) 728-4034 and a friendly and knowledgeable associate will answer any of your questions and you can request a free, no-obligation quote right now.
More About Contractor Bonds
Find Out More on How Contractor Bonds Work
A contractor bond in Brisbane is a kind of a surety bond that is meant to cover the contractor, the customer and the state bond providing agency. In essence, the contractor bond is a kind of efficiency bond that provides legal and financial cover for the three entities pointed out.
This bond is meant to apply throughout the construction task's duration. A contractor is required by law to secure a specialists' bond from the state's licensing agency, and it typically serves to make sure that the contractor remains within the required laws that guarantee professionalism.
Parties Involved in Contractor Bonds
As stated, the contractor bond in Brisbane CA will cover 3 entities that have an interest in the task: the contractor, the client and the state agency that provided the bond.
When it comes to the contractor in Brisbane, the bond is meant to make sure that they remain within the confines of ethics and professionalism throughout the life of the job. If there are dishonest choices that will impact any concerned party, the aggrieved party can file for compensation against the bond. The aggrieved party, in this case, could be the client, the agency that issued the bond or both.
Performance bonds are a typical requirement for particular state or federal jobs which can be rather delicate due to their public nature.
Besides requiring that the contractor follow specific requirements referring to the job, the contractor bonds also ensure that the contractor will pay all their staff members, providers and subcontractors.
Is It A Type Of Insurance Coverage?
A contractor bond is more of a credit line instead of an insurance plan. It is not an actual insurance policy though. It is a legal contract between the contractor, customer, and agency providing the bond.
A lot of states require that upon getting licensed, the contractors will also have to get a surety bond against a premium. The bond will put conditions on the contractor, and the conditions will be in line with the state and federal laws that cover construction jobs. The bond will also specify actions that are considered as violations of the laws on building and constructions.
Thus, if the contractor is in violation of the bond, then a claim will be made against the premium that was paid to secure the bond. This is why it is better viewed as a credit line instead of a type of insurance.
In Case Of Violation
In the event that the contractor breaks the arrangement, examinations will be done by the surety agency. If they conclude that the claim is genuine, then the plaintiff will be compensated as much as the full amount of the bond.
Therefore, the contractor will be forced to pay back the surety for the amount that it has extended to the claimant. The contractor will, therefore, bear the monetary burden of the breach of contract. The contractor remains accountable for their responsibilities despite the fact that it is the surety who covers the claims.
A Rule of Law
Contractor bonds hence are put in place to guarantee that the contractor satisfies all ethical procedures and requirements. It also makes sure that professionalism is preserved at all times during the life of the project.
This bond protects the customer, in addition to making the procedure of construction transparent. While it places the burden on the contractor, it also ensures that only legally expert contractors stay in business, weeding out unwanted competition from cowboy professionals.


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Material Join
Due to the size of your blind and the dimensions of the fabric, we will need to make a join in the material. We will make the join along the width of the blind as close to the top of the roller blind as we possibly can. In some cases the join will be hidden especially if the blind is never fully closed.
Handle Position
To ensure a perfect fit, we'll customise a section of the shutter frame to accommodate your window handle opening. Please inform us of the handle's position in relation to the rest of the window in millimetres.
Measuring for this is a straightforward process. Ensure that your handle is in the fully open position, then measure from the edge of the glass to the centre of the handle. If your handle is located at the bottom of the window, always measure from the left side of the glass to the centre of the handle. However, if the handle is positioned on either the left or right side, measure from the bottom of the glass to the centre of the handle
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Despatched in 3 working days with Fast Track
Look out for "Fast Track Available" while shopping for qualifying products.
* Bank holidays and weekends are not classed as working days.
* Fast Track Despatch costs £4.95 per item plus standard delivery charges.
Next Day Despatched
Select 'Next Day' at checkout and your order will be despatched the following working day.
Look out for "Next Day Available" while shopping for qualifying products.
* Bank holidays and weekends are not classed as working days.
* Next Day Despatch costs £9.95 per item plus standard delivery charges.
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We manufacture in Yorkshire, meaning we can make our delivery costs cheaper than if we made our products outside of the UK.
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Our UK manufacturing team are highly skilled - producing a better product for you.
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Each product is Made-To-Measure here in the UK, meaning we can almost always send our products out quicker than our competitors
Invite mid-century modern style into your home with this Spiral Tangerine cushion.
This cushion is the chic finish that your space deserves, offering softness, texture and interest along with plenty of comfort and warmth. With its trending take on a traditional design, this cushion is the ideal way to complete your room.
Displaying a chic geometric pattern and pleasant tangerine colour, this trending cushion will inject style into your space.
Here at Custom Curtains, we manufacture every product from our premises in Grange Moor, West Yorkshire, where our dedicated team ensure that every item is finished to the highest standards.
Design | Spiral |
Colour | Tangerine |
Composition | 100% Cotton |
Fabric Width | 140cm |
Pattern Repeat | 31.5cm |
Important notes
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Product images are for illustration purposes only. While we endeavour to provide the best representation possible, we always recommend that you request a free sample before your purchase.
Please note cushions come in single quantities not pairs.
Estimated despatch 5-7 working days
Free UK Mainland delivery for orders over £199.00
For orders under £199.00 we only charge £9.95 for UK Mainland delivery.
Overseas deliveries, including Isle of Wight, are calculated according to weight and destination. You would be advised to Contact Us Prior to ordering if this is the case.
Please see our Delivery Information page for further details.
Child Safety
We take the safety and well-being of children very seriously. That's why all of our blinds are supplied with a child safety device, which ensures cords and chains are safely secured to the wall, preventing the risk of strangulation. Each blind is manufactured with a maximum chain length of one metre, keeping it out of reach of small children. If you require a chain longer than one metre, please contact us when you have placed your order. Conditions will still apply in accordance with child safety regulations.
We are proud members of the British Blinds and Shutters Association (BBSA). The BBSA is a leading trade association that represents manufacturers and suppliers of blinds and shutters. As members of the BBSA, we are committed to supplying blinds that a child-safe, and all of our products undergo rigorous testing to ensure they comply with the guidelines outlined in the British and European Safety Standard (BS EN 13120:2009+A1:2014).
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A significant number of Americans do not visit the dentist for regular checkups because they are too fearful or suffer from dental anxiety. Sedation dentistry offers an excellent way to provide a safe, anxiety-free, dental experience to those who are afraid of the dentist.
Sedation dentistry is often mistakenly thought to induce sleep. In fact, most sedatives allow the patient to stay awake during the procedure. Sleepiness is a side effect of some medications, but nitrous oxide, oral conscious sedation and IV sedation only work to calm anxiety throughout the dental visit.
Sedation dentistry is popular because most sedatives can be taken by mouth, meaning no injections, no anxiety and no pain. Some sedatives work so effectively that even the smells and details of the procedure cannot be recalled afterwards. Safety and compliance are two important aspects of treatments, so sedation dentistry offers both the individual and the dentist the best alternative.
Whatever the form of sedative, it is essential to be accompanied by a caregiver. Sometimes, sedatives are provided the night before the dental visit, which means that driving to or from the appointment is not advisable.
Here are some advantages associated with sedation dentistry:
What kinds of sedatives are available?
The most popular types of dental sedatives are nitrous oxide, oral conscious sedation, and IV sedation. Different levels of sedation (mild, moderate and deep) can be utilized depending on individual needs. Before administering any sedative, the dentist must analyze the full medical history of the patient, as well as taking note of any current medications.
Here is an overview of some of the most common types of dental sedatives:
Nitrous Oxide
Nitrous oxide, or "laughing gas," is used as a mild sedative. It is delivered through a nose hood, and is administered throughout the entire procedure. Nitrous oxide elevates the general mood and can evoke a general sense of well-being. Most importantly, it relieves anxiety and reduces pain during the procedure. In addition, some tingling and numbness may be felt. There are few side effects associated with nitrous oxide, and it has been safely used in dentistry for many years.
IV Sedation
Intravenous sedation is a moderate type of sedation. Patients who have previously experienced IV sedation often report feeling like they slept through the entire procedure. Generally, IV sedation is used for shorter treatments. It is administered via direct injection into the bloodstream, which means the effects are immediate. Sometimes patients feel groggy and sleepy when the IV sedatives are withdrawn. This is why it is important to bring a designated driver for the drive home.
Oral Conscious Sedation
Oral conscious sedation is an excellent choice for people who fear needles. Oral medication is provided prior to treatment in order to induce a moderate state of sedation. Though oral sedatives do not cause sleep, they usually dull the senses. This means that most patients cannot remember the pain, smells or noises associated with the procedure. Usually, a dose of medication is taken prior to the appointment, and then topped up during the procedure as required.
What types of drugs are used in oral conscious sedation?
Most of the drugs used in sedation dentistry are classified as benzodiazepines. Benzodiazepines reduce anxiety, muscle spasms, insomnia and seizures. Each medication has a different half-life, meaning that the effects last for varying amounts of time. The estimated length of the procedure determines which type of drug is going to be most effective.
Here are some of the most common drugs used in oral conscious sedation:
Valium® – This sedative has amnesic properties and a long half-life. It is usually used for time-consuming, complex procedures.
Halcion® – Usually used to treat insomnia, Halcion is an effective sedative with amnesic properties. A short half-life makes this sedative useful for shorter procedures.
Ativan® – This sedative is best known for reducing anxiety. It has amnesic properties and a medium half-life. Ativan is typically used for treatments shorter than two hours.
Versed® – This sedative has the shortest half-life and is therefore less commonly used. It alleviates anxiety in much the same way as nitrous oxide, and is used for visits that will take less than 30 minutes.
If you have questions or concerns about sedation dentistry, please ask your dentist.
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UK and International delivery
We offer FREE UK delivery on all orders over £95.
Standard Delivery charge on orders under £95 is £9.95
We also deliver made to measure curtains, blinds and wallpapers internationally. Please contact us for shipping rates outside of the UK.
You will be notified at our earliest opportunity regarding any items that are out of stock/delayed.
All made to measure orders are handmade and quality checked before shipping, but if you feel like something is wrong, we'll be happy to help. Once you receive your curtains and blinds, make sure to check them immediately and let us know if you find any damage or defects.
We request that you await our confirmation before organising any returns. Please use our Contact Us page and provide us with your Order Number and details of the items you would like to return.


text: Invisalign is a new system of straightening teeth without the use of conventional braces. A series of clear plastic aligners are utilized to create tooth movement. Moving teeth with removable aligners is not new. However, the computer program, which can generate a series of aligners with small changes is the new part. Invisalign is recommended for orthodontic situations with mild to moderate spacing or crowding. They are virtually undetectable, easy to use and comfortable to wear.


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In Kairos Counseling, it is our goal is to help you uncover your true potential and lead a life that is worth celebrating. While we can't change difficult situations of the past, we can work together to better understand and resolve challenges in your life. By applying complementary therapy approaches and techniques, we will unearth long-standing behavior patterns or negative perceptions that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling and meaningful life.
If you're looking for extra support and guidance through a challenging situation or you're just ready to move in a new direction in your life, we look forward to working with you to achieve your goals.
Please call or email us for a FREE 20 minutes consultation today.


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Balloon Helium is the UK's number one supplier for balloon helium gas. If you're holding an event in Dumfries, we have a cylinder that will suit your requirements and budget. Our Disposable cylinders are great to buy for smaller events, whilst our Helium Hire service is the best option for those needing to inflate large numbers of balloons. We can deliver direct to your door or you can collect from one of your local Dumfriesshire depots, ensuring a hassle free and convenient service.
Our most popular option! Perfect for home use, party occasions and small events, our light, easy to use hire cylinder offers great value for money.
A great choice for small events, this fantastic lightweight cylinder is so easy to use and perfect if you need to transport it to your venue.
An ideal choice for medium sized events and special occasions, this hired helium cylinder gives real value for money for that important event
The perfect choice if you want to inflate large numbers of balloons, this lightweight and easy to use cylinder is great for decorating venues and taking to events.
A great value option for corporate events or promotions, this cylinder will make inflating large numbers of balloons a doddle!
A huge cylinder giving the most cost effective price per balloon solution, ideal for large scale corporate, promotional events & in retail outlets.
We have a range of convenient and lightweight disposable helium cylinders available to buy. Please click on the Learn More button to find out more information
Ideal for small parties and events at home, this convenient, light & easy to use recyclable helium cylinder is our best value option
Perfect for smaller events and occasions, this convenient, light & easy to use recyclable helium cylinder is a great value option.
Great if you don't want to hire a cylinder, this package gives you the option to inflate a good quantity of balloons for small to medium events and parties.
Convenient and cost effective, this combo enables you to inflate balloons for medium sized events or promotions.
If you need a practical, efficient and simple way to inflate balloons for your medium sized event, this package is perfect.
Great for taking to venues, this package offers a convenient way to inflate a large number of balloons on the go.
Dumfries covers the following postcode areas: , and is based within Dumfriesshire. We offer helium gas hire and other balloon related services in Dumfriesshire