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You have a lot to consider when selecting a new water heater for your home. You should choose a water heating system that will not only provide enough hot water but also that will do so energy efficiently, saving you money. This includes considering the different types of water heaters available and determining the right size and fuel source for your home.
It's a good idea to know the different types of water heaters available before you purchase one:
Conventional storage water heaters
Offer a ready reservoir (storage tank) of hot water
Demand (tankless or instantaneous) water heaters
Heat water directly without the use of a storage tank
Heat pump water heaters
Move heat from one place to another instead of generating heat directly for providing hot water
Solar water heaters
Use the sun's heat to provide hot water
Tankless coil and indirect water heaters
Use a home's space heating system to heat water
When selecting the best type and model of water heater for your home, consider the following:
Also be sure to do what you can to reduce your hot water use. You may also want to explore other strategies such as drain-water heat recovery to save money on your water heating bill.
When selecting a new water heater, it's important to consider what fuel type or energy source you will use, including its availability and cost. The fuel used by a water heating system will not only affect annual operation costs but also the water heater's size and energy efficiency.
Fuel type and its availability in your area may narrow your water heater choices. The following is a list of water heater options by fuel or energy source:
If you have more than one fuel type available in your area, it's a good idea to compare fuel costs, especially if you're building a new home. Even if you're replacing a water heater, you may find that you'll save more money in the long run if you use a different fuel or energy source. Contact your utility for current fuel costs or rates.
The type of water heater you choose will also affect your water heating costs. One type of water heater may use a fuel type more efficiently than another type of water heater. For example, an electric heat pump water heater typically is more energy efficient than an electric conventional storage water heater. Also, an electric heat pump water heater might have lower energy costs because of its higher efficiency than a gas-fired conventional storage water heater, even though local natural gas costs might be lower than the electricity rates.
Conventional storage water heaters remain the most popular type of water heating system for the home. Here you'll find basic information about how storage water heaters work; what criteria to use when selecting the right model; and some installation, maintenance, and safety tips.
A single-family storage water heater offers a ready reservoir -- from 20 to 80 gallons -- of hot water. It operates by releasing hot water from the top of the tank when you turn on the hot water tap. To replace that hot water, cold water enters the bottom of the tank, ensuring that the tank is always full.
Conventional storage water heater fuel sources include natural gas, propane, fuel oil, and electricity. Learn more about fuel types available when selecting a new water heater.
Since water is constantly heated in the tank, energy can be wasted even when a hot water tap isn't running. This is called standby heat loss. Only tankless water heaters -- such as demand-type water heaters and tankless coil water heaters -- avoid standby heat losses. Some storage water heater models have heavily insulated tank, which significantly reduce standby heat losses and lower annual operating costs. Look for models with tanks that have a thermal resistance (R-Value) of R-12 to R-25.
Gas and oil water heaters also have venting-related energy losses. Two types of water heaters -- a fan-assisted gas water heater and an atmospheric sealed-combustion water heater -- reduce these losses. Visit the Energy Basics site to learn more about how conventional storage water heaters work.
You might also want to consider some less conventional storage water heaters -- heat pump water heaters and solar water heaters. These water heaters are usually more expensive but they typically have lower annual operating costs.
The lowest-priced storage water heater may be the most expensive to operate and maintain over its lifetime. While an oversized unit may be alluring, it carries a higher purchase price and increased energy costs due to higher standby energy losses.
Before buying a new storage water heater, consider the following:
Proper installation and maintenance of your water heater can optimize its energy efficiency.
Proper installation depends on many factors. These factors include fuel type, climate, local building code requirements, and safety issues, especially concerning the combustion of gas- and oil-fired water heaters. Therefore, it's best to have a qualified plumbing and heating contractor install your storage water heater. Be sure to do the following when selecting a contractor:
If you're determined to install it yourself, first consult the water heater's manufacturer. Manufacturers usually have the necessary installation and instruction manuals. Also, contact your city or town for information about obtaining a permit, if necessary, and about local water heater building codes.
Periodic water heater maintenance can significantly extend your water heater's life and minimize loss of efficiency. Read your owner's manual for specific maintenance recommendations.
Routine maintenance for storage water heaters, depending on what type/model you have, may include:
Tankless water heaters, also known as demand-type or instantaneous water heaters, provide hot water only as it is needed. They don't produce the standby energy losses associated with storage water heaters, which can save you money. Here you'll find basic information about how they work, whether a tankless water heater might be right for your home, and what criteria to use when selecting the right model.
Tankless water heaters heat water directly without the use of a storage tank. When a hot water tap is turned on, cold water travels through a pipe into the unit. Either a gas burner or an electric element heats the water. As a result, tankless water heaters deliver a constant supply of hot water. You don't need to wait for a storage tank to fill up with enough hot water. However, a tankless water heater's output limits the flow rate.
Typically, tankless water heaters provide hot water at a rate of 2–5 gallons (7.6–15.2 liters) per minute. Gas-fired tankless water heaters produce higher flow rates than electric ones. Sometimes, however, even the largest, gas-fired model cannot supply enough hot water for simultaneous, multiple uses in large households. For example, taking a shower and running the dishwasher at the same time can stretch a tankless water heater to its limit. To overcome this problem, you can install two or more tankless water heaters, connected in parallel for simultaneous demands of hot water. You can also install separate tankless water heaters for appliances -- such as a clothes washer or dishwater -- that use a lot of hot water in your home.
Other applications for demand water heaters include the following:
For homes that use 41 gallons or less of hot water daily, demand water heaters can be 24%–34% more energy efficient than conventional storage tank water heaters. They can be 8%–14% more energy efficient for homes that use a lot of hot water -- around 86 gallons per day. You can achieve even greater energy savings of 27%–50% if you install a demand water heater at each hot water outlet. ENERGY STAR® estimates that a typical family can save $100 or more per year with an ENERGY STAR qualified tankless water heater.
The initial cost of a tankless water heater is greater than that of a conventional storage water heater, but tankless water heaters will typically last longer and have lower operating and energy costs, which could offset its higher purchase price. Most tankless water heaters have a life expectancy of more than 20 years. They also have easily replaceable parts that extend their life by many more years. In contrast, storage water heaters last 10–15 years.
Tankless water heaters can avoid the standby heat losses associated with storage water heaters. However, although gas-fired tankless water heaters tend to have higher flow rates than electric ones, they can waste energy if they have a constantly burning pilot light. This can sometimes offset the elimination of standby energy losses when compared to a storage water heater. In a gas-fired storage water heater, the pilot light heats the water in the tank so the energy isn't wasted.
The cost of operating a pilot light in a tankless water heater varies from model to model. Ask the manufacturer how much gas the pilot light uses for the model you're considering. If you purchase a model that uses a standing pilot light, you can always turn it off when it's not in use to save energy. Also consider models that have an intermittent ignition device (IID) instead of a standing pilot light. This device resembles the spark ignition device on some gas kitchen ranges and ovens.
Before buying a demand water heater, you also need to consider the following:
Proper installation and maintenance of your demand water heater can optimize its energy efficiency.
Proper installation depends on many factors. These factors include fuel type, climate, local building code requirements, and safety issues, especially concerning the combustion of gas-fired water heaters. Therefore, it's best to have a qualified plumbing and heating contractor install your demand water heater. Do the following when selecting a contractor:
If you're determined to install your water heater yourself, first consult the manufacturer. Manufacturers usually have the necessary installation and instruction manuals. Also, contact your city or town for information about obtaining a permit, if necessary, and about local water heater installation codes.
Solar water heaters—also called solar domestic hot water systems—can be a cost-effective way to generate hot water for your home. They can be used in any climate, and the fuel they use—sunshine—is free.
Solar water heating systems include storage tanks and solar collectors. There are two types of solar water heating systems: active, which have circulating pumps and controls, and passive, which don't.
Most solar water heaters require a well-insulated storage tank. Solar storage tanks have an additional outlet and inlet connected to and from the collector. In two-tank systems, the solar water heater preheats water before it enters the conventional water heater. In one-tank systems, the back-up heater is combined with the solar storage in one tank.
Three types of solar collectors are used for residential applications:
Flat-plate collector
Glazed flat-plate collectors are insulated, weatherproofed boxes that contain a dark absorber plate under one or more glass or plastic (polymer) covers. Unglazed flat-plate collectors—typically used for solar pool heating—have a dark absorber plate, made of metal or polymer, without a cover or enclosure.
Integral collector-storage systems
Also known as ICS or batch systems, they feature one or more black tanks or tubes in an insulated, glazed box. Cold water first passes through the solar collector, which preheats the water. The water then continues on to the conventional backup water heater, providing a reliable source of hot water. They should be installed only in mild-freeze climates because the outdoor pipes could freeze in severe, cold weather.
Evacuated-tube solar collectors
They feature parallel rows of transparent glass tubes. Each tube contains a glass outer tube and metal absorber tube attached to a fin. The fin's coating absorbs solar energy but inhibits radiative heat loss. These collectors are used more frequently for U.S. commercial applications.
There are two types of active solar water heating systems:
Direct circulation systems
Pumps circulate household water through the collectors and into the home. They work well in climates where it rarely freezes.
Indirect circulation systems
Pumps circulate a non-freezing, heat-transfer fluid through the collectors and a heat exchanger. This heats the water that then flows into the home. They are popular in climates prone to freezing temperatures.
Passive solar water heating systems are typically less expensive than active systems, but they're usually not as efficient. However, passive systems can be more reliable and may last longer. There are two basic types of passive systems:
Integral collector-storage passive systems
These work best in areas where temperatures rarely fall below freezing. They also work well in households with significant daytime and evening hot-water needs.
Thermosyphon systems
Water flows through the system when warm water rises as cooler water sinks. The collector must be installed below the storage tank so that warm water will rise into the tank. These systems are reliable, but contractors must pay careful attention to the roof design because of the heavy storage tank. They are usually more expensive than integral collector-storage passive systems.
Solar water heating systems almost always require a backup system for cloudy days and times of increased demand. Conventional storage water heaters usually provide backup and may already be part of the solar system package. A backup system may also be part of the solar collector, such as rooftop tanks with thermosyphon systems. Since an integral-collector storage system already stores hot water in addition to collecting solar heat, it may be packaged with a demand (tankless or instantaneous) water heater for backup.
Tankless coil and indirect water heaters use a home's space heating system to heat water. They're part of what's called integrated or combination water and space heating systems.
A tankless coil water heater uses a heating coil or heat exchanger installed in a main furnace or boiler.
Whenever a hot water faucet is turned on, the water flows through the heat exchanger. These water heaters provide hot water on demand without a tank, like a demand water heater, but because they rely on the furnace or boiler to heat the water directly, tankless coil water heaters work most efficiently during cold months when the heating system is used regularly. That's why they can be an inefficient choice for many homes, especially for those in warmer climates.
Indirect water heaters offer a more efficient choice for most homes, even though they require a storage tank. An indirect water heater uses the main furnace or boiler to heat a fluid that's circulated through a heat exchanger in the storage tank. The energy stored by the water tank allows the furnace to turn off and on less often, which saves energy. Therefore, an indirect water heater is used with a high-efficiency boiler and well-insulated tank can be the least expensive means of providing hot water.
Indirect systems can be fired by gas, oil, propane, electric, solar energy, or a combination of any of these. Tankless systems are typically electric or gas-fired. Also, these integrated or combination water heating systems not only can work with forced air systems but also with hydronic or radiant floor heating systems.
Most homeowners who have heat pumps use them to heat and cool their homes. But a heat pump also can be used to heat water -- either as stand-alone water heating system, or as combination water heating and space conditioning system.
Heat pump water heaters use electricity to move heat from one place to another instead of generating heat directly. Therefore, they can be two to three times more energy efficient than conventional electric resistance water heaters. To move the heat, heat pumps work like a refrigerator in reverse.
While a refrigerator pulls heat from inside a box and dumps it into the surrounding room, a stand-alone air-source heat pump water heater pulls heat from the surrounding air and dumps it -- at a higher temperature -- into a tank to heat water. You can purchase a stand-alone heat pump water heating system as an integrated unit with a built-in water storage tank and back-up resistance heating elements. You can also retrofit a heat pump to work with an existing conventional storage water heater.
Heat pump water heaters require installation in locations that remain in the 40º–90ºF (4.4º–32.2ºC) range year-round and provide at least 1,000 cubic feet (28.3 cubic meters) of air space around the water heater. Cool exhaust air can be exhausted to the room or outdoors. Install them in a space with excess heat, such as a furnace room. Heat pump water heaters will not operate efficiently in a cold space. They tend to cool the spaces they are in. You can also install an air-source heat pump system that combines heating, cooling, and water heating. These combination systems pull their heat indoors from the outdoor air in the winter and from the indoor air in the summer. Because they remove heat from the air, any type of air-source heat pump system works more efficiently in a warm climate.
Homeowners primarily install geothermal heat pumps -- which draw heat from the ground during the winter and from the indoor air during the summer -- for heating and cooling their homes. For water heating, you can add a desuperheater to a geothermal heat pump system. A desuperheater is a small, auxiliary heat exchanger that uses superheated gases from the heat pump's compressor to heat water. This hot water then circulates through a pipe to the home's storage water heater tank.
Desuperheaters are also available for tankless or demand-type water heaters. In the summer, the desuperheater uses the excess heat that would otherwise be expelled to the ground. Therefore, when the geothermal heat pump runs frequently during the summer, it can heat all of your water.
During the fall, winter, and spring -- when the desuperheater isn't producing as much excess heat -- you'll need to rely more on your storage or demand water heater to heat the water. Some manufacturers also offer triple-function geothermal heat pump systems, which provide heating, cooling, and hot water. They use a separate heat exchanger to meet all of a household's hot water needs.
Heat pump water heater systems typically have higher initial costs than conventional storage water heaters. However, they have lower operating costs, which can offset their higher purchase and installation prices.
Before buying a heat pump water heating system, you also need to consider the following:
If you're considering installing an integrated water heating, space heating, and cooling heat pump system in your home, also see our information about air-source heat pumps and geothermal heat pumps.
Proper installation and maintenance of your heat pump water heating system can optimize its energy efficiency.
Proper installation depends on many factors. These factors include fuel type, climate, local building code requirements, and safety issues. Therefore, it's best to have a qualified plumbing and heating contractor (or geothermal heat pump system installer/designer) install your heat pump.
Do the following when selecting a qualified professional:
Periodic water heater maintenance can significantly extend your water heater's life and minimize loss of efficiency. Read your owner's manual for specific maintenance recommendations.
U.S. Department of Energy - Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy


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The paper "Immutably Answering Why-Not Questions for Equivalent Conjunctive Queries" by Nicole Bidoit, Melanie Herschel, and Katerina Tzompanaki has been accepted at TAPP 2014.
Category: Blog
Permanent link to this article: https://team.inria.fr/oak/2014/04/17/tapp-2014-immutably-answering-why-not-questions-for-equivalent-conjunctive-queries/
Mar 19
Alexandra's profile on INRIA web site
Out of several exchanges with Alexandra, the following short interview was published: http://www.inria.fr/centre/saclay/actualites/alexandra-roati-la-recherche-en-informatique-demande-une-grande-creativite
Permanent link to this article: https://team.inria.fr/oak/2014/03/19/alexandras-profile-on-inria-web-site/
Mar 17
CityLab INRIA Lab accepted
The CityLab INRIA Project Lab has been accepted for funding by INRIA for a period of 4 years. The project is coordinated by Valérie Issarny (INRIA@Sillicon Valley & Arles-Mimove). The other INRIA project-teams involved are Clime, Dice, Fun, Myriads, OAK, SMIS, Urbanet and Willow. The project will study ICT solutions toward smart cities that promote …
Permanent link to this article: https://team.inria.fr/oak/2014/03/17/citylab-inria-project-lab-accepted/
Mar 03
OAK visits the Pilgrim team at IRISA
Alexandra, Damian and Ioana met François at Lannion to discuss our current research paper. We visited both the paper's related works and the location's related scenery. The view from our hotel was breathtaking. As we arrived at Perros-Guirec, François had pre-ordered a rainbow for us. Next, we had a great time exploring the landscape. It may have been a "tad" …
Permanent link to this article: https://team.inria.fr/oak/2014/03/03/oak-visits-the-pilgrim-team-at-irisa/
Feb 13
SIGMOD 2014 Tutorial: Cloud-based RDF data management
The tutorial "Cloud-based RDF data management", by Zoi Kaoudi and Ioana Manolescu, has been accepted for presentation at SIGMOD 2014
Permanent link to this article: https://team.inria.fr/oak/2014/02/13/sigmod-2014-tutorial-cloud-based-rdf-data-management/
Dec 12
End of 2013
Permanent link to this article: https://team.inria.fr/oak/2013/12/12/winter-is-here/
Dec 12
WWW 2014 Tutorial: Entity Resolution in the Web of Data
The tutorial "Entity Resolution in the Web of Data" by Kostas Stefanidis, Vasilis Efthymiou, Melanie Herschel and Vassilis Christophides has been accepted for presentation in WWW 2014.
Permanent link to this article: https://team.inria.fr/oak/2013/12/12/www-2014-tutorial-entity-resolution-in-the-web-of-data/
Nov 30
Altan & Eden Cautis born on Nov 28
Altan Tudor (3.4kg) and Eden Gaetan (3.6kg) were born on Nov 28 at the André Gregoire hospital in Montreuil. The mother and the little ones are doing well. Congratulations to the new family!
Permanent link to this article: https://team.inria.fr/oak/2013/11/30/altan-eden-cautis-born-on-nov-28/
Nov 16
OAK at Forum STIC 2013
OAK was present with five posters at the Forum STIC 2013: Raphael Bonaque, Bogdan Cautis, François Goasdoué and Ioana Manolescu: "Structured, Social and Semantic Search" Jesús Camacho-Rodríguez, Dario Colazzo and Ioana Manolescu: "PAXQuery: Efficient Parallel Processing of Complex XQuery" Dario Colazzo, François Goasdoué, Ioana Manolescu and Alexandra Roatis: "RDF Analytics: Lenses over Semantic Graphs" (http://hal.inria.fr/hal-00868616/en, …
Permanent link to this article: https://team.inria.fr/oak/2013/11/16/oak-at-forum-stic-2013/
Nov 16
Peter Buneman Forum in Edinburgh
Ioana attended this great workshop in honor of Peter Buneman, on October 28-29, 2013. (all photos courtesy of Limsoon Wong, thank you Limsoon!) Oct 29 was a mini-provenance workshop on its own, with many high-quality talks. Other great moments of the workshop (my personal pick, obviously very subjective): Dan Suciu's rendition of Peter's way of …
Permanent link to this article: https://team.inria.fr/oak/2013/11/16/peter-buneman-forum-in-edinburgh/

subset: commoncrawl


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We provide excellent services in your area including:
24/7 emergency glazing
Boarding-up services
Systems glazing
Roof glazing
Site glazing
Window filming
Misted double glazed units
Leadlight repairs
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Glass repairs
We at Glaziers Moorgate provide a comprehensive and affordable glazing and glass repair services in your area that improves and restores safety to domestic and commercial properties.
Our glaziers offer a 24 hour, 365 days a year glazing and boarding up and making safe service securing doors and windows to both domestic and commercial premises.
We offer 24 hour emergency boarding up service to secure your premises in and around your area, whether broken into or vandalised, commercial or a domestic property, we've got it covered.
We replace, repair and install glass units in uPVC, wooden and aluminium frames throughout Moorgate, Liverpool Street, EC2 area.
If you want a refreshingly unpressured and knowledgeable approach to repairing uPVC windows, doors and conservatories in Moorgate, Liverpool Street, EC2 call Us today.
New windows can be very expensive, so naturally when your windows become worn or damaged the most cost-effective solution is to have them repaired.
At Glaziers Moorgate we have been doing Sash Window Repairs, as well as sash window refurbishments and draught proofing in Moorgate, Liverpool Street, EC2 area for the past 15 years.
We respond quickly to all types of jobs, day and night!
We never charge for call outs, and the price we quote is the price you pay.
Get your free no-obligation quote over the phone. Call us today!
We work with your local Police units to make sure all emergency glazing work is completed.
All our tradesman are highly qualified and experienced in all methods of glazing.
All work completed by our glaziers is approved by insurers.
Here at Glaziers Moorgate, we specialise in a variety of high-quality, single, double and triple-glazed doors in the Moorgate, Liverpool Street, EC2 and the surrounding area of London. Whether it's a door for a brand new conservatory, a beautiful selection of doors for an orangery to impress your customers, or those Bi-Folds you just had to have for your kitchen renovation, we can offer best-in-class craftsmanship and advice.
All our doors are created to the highest specs and boast workmanship which is guaranteed for the minimum of 10 years. We pride ourselves on using sturdy, durable and long-lasting materials including wood, aluminium, uPVC, and also offer a range of energy-efficient, environmentally-friendly composite doors.
Serving our customer base since 2008, all of our staff are fully-trained professionals with years of experience, and will aim to complete an average of 95% of projects right on time.
Finding the right door can sometimes be tricky, but with our experienced team at your service, it'll be an enjoyable experience as opposed to a lengthy task.
You're probably thinking about how you need to consider materials, style, longevity, and perhaps one of the most important: security.
If you choose the right ones, a high-quality set of main front and rear doors can last a lifetime.
Different materials will offer different benefits, depending on what's most important to you. Wood, for one, is a very traditional option; it's stylish, elegant, solid, and easily customisable. You can choose a variety of different paint or design options to really make it complement your home, and pair them both up for maximum effect.
Other choices we've seen a lot of modern homes opt for in recent years also include fibreglass, which are usually constructed with a range of different materials. With minimal disadvantages to this type of door, most notably the ability to hold heat, making them a much more greener option, they prove very popular, but tend to come at a price to match the quality.
Wood, composite, and uPVC tend to offer the most security, but it really does depend on the lock installed, too. Whatever you choose for your front or back doors, whether that's for a house, school, retailer, or any other building, we'll always make sure the security, specifically locks in the doors, are installed to the highest standard.
Bi-Folding doors are bang on trend right now. You can't look at a new kitchen design without seeing them, and they seem to be gracing the pages of interior design magazines and websites everywhere you look.
Bi-Folding doors are a great option for many reasons. For one, they let in plenty of light, especially to a home, allowing the rooms to be bathed in warmth no matter the time of year. In the warmer months, the beauty, of course, is that you can open them right up and let fresh air circulate, as well as feeling a lot more sociable, combining the inside and outside as one.
They're also very flexible, take up little space, and add a real touch of modernity to any room.
They're also very secure, as they feature multi-point locking locations and very sturdy hinges. And finally, if you're thinking about selling up soon, they pretty much guarantee extra value on your property, thanks to being in such high demand.
A great choice for any kitchen renovation, our range of Bi-Folding doors are ready and waiting to be designed and installed to give your home a new lease of life.
French doors are one of the most traditional types of doors around, and have been for years now. They elude elegance and class, dating back to their design during the French Renaissance.
French doors can be crafted with a combination of glass and wood or other materials, making them a great option for a separating point between two rooms in the home, or between the indoors and outdoors.
Not only do French doors offer plenty of style, but they're also secure, efficient at keeping in heat during the colder months (something as you all know we rely on heavily in this country), and allow easy access.
Plus, what could be better than letting the light flood into a room through such beautifully-designed doors?
Similar to Bi-Folding doors, our range of Patio Sliding doors will offer the same benefits, but are usually better for those wanting to keep the costs down, and still get a high-quality finish.
Patio Sliding doors can also add value to your home or business, allow a lot more natural light into the home than a regular-design back door, and are very secure. Due to their ceiling-to-floor design, sunlight coming into the room will be trapped, not just for the time it's shining through, but for the hours following. This means a warmer house and reduced energy costs. Adding curtains or blinds on top will keep heat enclosed for even longer, too.
In other words, you can think of these a little like making whatever room they're installed in a bit like a greenhouse.
For those lucky enough to have garage access in a London home, having a sufficient, high-spec garage door is a must-have.
Not only are garage doors designed for upmost security, but they can also be aesthetically-pleasing and come in a variety of options. Whatever your garage requirement (not just for the home, but for businesses, and other properties), we'd be happy to assist in sourcing an accurate, fair quote for your needs.
Not only are there plenty of door variations in terms of style and design, the materials each door, or set of doors, is crafted with is also a big decision to make.
So, we've rounded up some of the best we specialise in, so you can choose what's most suited for your specific requirements.
Made of a range of different materials, as opposed to just one, our selection of composite doors can be crafted with glass-reinforced plastic, uPVC and solid timbre. The materials chosen to construct composite doors are then fused together in high-pressure conditions, in order to create a super-strong, sturdy and above all, secure door.
Due to their robustness and thickness, this is a preferred option for front and back doors with many of our customers.
uPVC are plastic doors, which are deemed very stylish and trendy for many homes and businesses. They can be tailored to whatever you need, and are usually a lot slimmer than the likes of composite doors, which is good if that's what you're looking for.
They can also be crafted in different colours and finishes, as opposed to looking like the material they're made from, which is a bonus in wanting to stand out from others and look unique. Plus, if you think about plastic's origin, it's a type which is very unlikely to become misshapen or gather mould over the years, so can offer longevity no matter where you install.
Wooden, timbre doors are one of the most traditional and secure available, and like others, they can also be tailored to a specific design. They're also great for internal and external options – modern, wooden doors in the house are proving very popular with customers right now, and keep the heat during all seasons. Despite being more prone to wear and tear, they're a rust-free option and will withstand the worst weather conditions (handy in the UK!).
Not only can wood convey a classic or modern look, depending on specific additions to the design, as well as preference, but it also has a high life expectancy to boot.
A go-to choice for many architects in new homes, aluminium doors are maintenance-free, offer fantastic insulation, and have a low chance of corrosion.
Aluminium frames are usually more cost-effective than timber, so if you're looking to save money in the long-run, this may be the choice for you.
The seals featured with our range of aluminium doors are weather-resistant and are usually a great moisture-locking option. They're not only durable, but lightweight too, which means you don't need to worry about hauling open heavy doors to get in and out of a particular build with this type.
Whatever you decide is best for you when it comes to materials, styles and designs, know that we can offer best-in-class craftsmanship and service, and won't be beaten on price.
So, if you're now ready to choose the perfect range of doors for your home or your business, simply get in touch via the phone number listed, or drop us an email and we'd be happy to help.
As one of the most renowned brands in the Moorgate, Liverpool Street, EC2 area, our customer service reps are ready and waiting to hear from you.
Services & Products We Provide:
door glass repair, glass company near me, glass pane replacement, glass repair, glass replacement, glass window repair, home glass repair, home glass replacement, home window repair, house window glass repair, mobile glass repair, replacement glass for doors, replacement window glass, replacement window panes, window fixer, window glass repair, window glass replacement, window pane replacement, window replacement glass, double glazed windows, renovating sash windows, repair sash windows, restoring sash windows, sash repair, sash window mechanism repair, sash window renovation, sash window replacement, window restoration, sash window specialist, sash window stops, secondary glazing sash windows, sliding sash windows, upvc windows, victorian sash windows, window replacement, wood window replacement, wooden double glazed windows, brush slots, broken sash cords, sash cord repairs, sash window restoration, sash window refurbishment, wood rot, sash joints, smooth running, rattles, pulleys, sash cords, glass, window weight balancing, window putty repairs, window frame repairs, door frame repairs, rot detection, rotten door frame, uneven windows, window sill repairs, stuck windows, window weight balance, dropping windows, window dust, window draughts, window noise reduction, boarding up, sash replacement glass, toughened glass, toughened safety glass installation, patterned glass, float glass, safety glass, fire resistant glass, security glass, Georgian wire, wired glass, stained glass, obscured glass, borosilicate glass, commercial glass, glass fibre, lead glass, window glass pane, alkali-barium silicate glass, aluminosilicate glass, glass ceramics, optical glass, sealing glass, technical glass, vitreous silica, pilkington glass, self cleaning glass, Low-Energy saving glass,painted glass splash backs installation, acoustic glass, decorative glass, solar control glass, air gap, argon gap, cavity width, dehydrated air, aluminium window frame, timber frame, PVC window frames, spacer bars, mil, aluminium spacer bars, warm edge spacer bars, polished edge, mirrors, mirror repair, leaded glass, IQ glass, external glazing systems, glass balustrade, glass balcony, window seal repair, seal replacement, laminated glass, laminate glass, 7mm glass, 8mm glass, 6mm glass, 5mm glass, 4mm glass, 3mm glass, 2 mm glass, 6.4mm glass, thick glass, velux windows, skylight windows, glass splash backs, boarding up, emergency glazing, emergency window repairs, emergency boarding up, 24 hour glazing, 24hrs glazing repairs, glass installation, window glass installer, tilt and turn windows, roof glass, conservatory glazing repairs, glazier, glass glazier, local glaziers, window glazier, secondary glazing, glass splashbacks, window replacement, emergency glaziers, door glass replacement, window repair, double glazing, home glass repair, emergency glass repair, glassier windows, glazing windows, roof glazing, glaziers company, glass specialist, double glazing repairs, shower glass replacement, glaziers near me, glass window repair, glass fitters, glaziers local, broken glass replacement, glass installation, window removal, find my nearest glazier, glaser glass installer, security glazing, glazed doors, glazing services, glass fitter, shopfront glazing, replacement glazing, 24 hour glazier, bathroom glass shelves installation, bespoke splashbacks installation, coloured splashbacks installation, crushed cracked ice glass repair, double glazed units replacement, double glazing installers, double glazing repairs, double glazing window handles replacement, double glazing window locks replacement, enclosures glass table tops installation, floating glass shelves installation, glass cutting service, glass fitters, glass processing, glass shelves installation, glass shower screens installation, glass splashbacks installation, glass wall shelves installation, glass worktops installation, glaizng repairs, kitchen splashbacks installation, laminated safety glass installation, obscured privacy glass installation, painted glass splashbacks installation, polished beveled edge glass mirror installation, replacement glass, safety glass installation, sandblasted glass installation, sash window repairs, secondary double glazing installation, secondary glazing installation, splashbacks installation, structural glazing, toughened safety glass installation, upvc double glazing replacement, window repairs, door installation, upvc windows installation, upvc doors installation.
(- EC1, - EC1A, - EC1M, - EC1N, - EC1P, - EC1R, - EC1V, - EC1Y, - EC2A, - EC2M, - EC2N, - EC2P, - EC2R, - EC2V, - EC2Y, - EC2, - EC3, - EC3A, - EC3M, - EC3N, - EC3P, - EC3R, - EC3V, - EC4A, - EC4M, - EC4N, - EC4P, - EC4R, - EC4V, - EC4Y, - EC4 - WC1, - WC1A, - WC1B, - WC1E, - WC1H, - WC1N, - WC1R, - WC1V, - WC1X, - WC2, - WC2A, - WC2B, - WC2E, - WC2H, - WC2N, - WC2R, - W1, - W1A, - W1B, - W1C, - W1D, - W1F, - W1G, - W1H, - W1J, - W1K, - W1S, - W1T, - W1U, - W1W, - SW1, - SW1A, - SW1E, - SW1H, - SW1P, - SW1V, - SW1W, - SW1X, - SW1Y): Shoreditch, Moorgate, Belgravia, St Paul's Cray, Bloomsbury, Soho, Clerkenwell, Gray's Inn, West End, Barbican, Holborn, Monument, Tower Hill, St. Paul's, Covent Garden, Farringdon, Hatton Garden, Finsbury, Finsbury Estate, St Luke's, Bunhill Fields, Broadgate, Liverpool Street, Guildhall, St Mary Axe, Aldgate, City of London, Leadenhall, Lloyd's of London, Fenchurch Street, Tower of London, Billingsgate, Royal Exchange, Lombard Street, Fetter Lane, St Paul's, Mansion House, Cannon Street, Blackfriars, Temple, New Oxford Street, British Museum, University College London, St Pancras, Russell Square, High Holborn, Kings Cross, Camden, Westminster, Lincoln's Inn Fields, Royal Courts of Justice, Drury Lane, Aldwych, Leicester Square, Charing Cross, Somerset House, Portland Street, Regent Street, Chinatown, Soho Square, Harley Street, Marylebone, Mayfair, Piccadilly, Royal Academy, Grosvenor Square, Hanover Square, Savile Row, Fitzrovia, Tottenham Court Road, Great Portland Street, Whitehall, Buckingham Palace, Buckingham Gate, Victoria Station, Vauxhall Bridge, Chelsea Bridge, Sloane Square, Kings Road, Eaton Square, Knightsbridge, St. James's


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Our research is changing the world - making it greener, healthier and fairer.
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We are committed to nurturing talent and encouraging new ideas, making Exeter a great place to pursue Postgraduate Research.
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Exeter Innovation is a partner for transformative innovation. We harness the world leading research and education of the University of Exeter to create real and lasting impact, by working with organisations of all types and sizes on their innovation journey.
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The University of British Columbia
Activities between the University of British Columbia and Exeter include a joint research symposium focused on Community, Culture, Creativity, and Wellbeing held at Exeter in May 2018 and a faculty-led, co-funded initiatives in Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Climate Change and Digital Humanities.
University of South Florida
University of South Florida and Exeter have entered into a 5 year student exchange between the two Universities. They launched the University of Exeter / University of South Florida Research Catalyst Fund to provide grants to support joint research initiatives between the two institutions.
Tsinghua University
The University of Exeter and Tsinghua University have launched a jointly-awarded PhD degree programme in climate and environmental sciences which supports six students to be co-supervised between Tsinghua's Department of Earth System Science and Colleges at Exeter that conduct research on earth systems and environmental sciences. Read more.
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST)
A partnership between Exeter and HKUST will enable students embarking on Engineering or Computer Science undergraduate degrees at HKUST to finish their degree at Exeter, before spending a fifth year at Exeter's Law School, completing either an LLM (Master of Laws) or a Juris Doctor (JD). Read more.
Nanyang Technological University
NTU and Exeter are working in partnership to deliver six split-site Biomedical PhD studentships. If successful, you will benefit from expert supervision from researchers in both institutions and have the opportunity to research and live in two great locations, for up to eighteen months in each.
University of Geneva
To celebrate, and further extend, the strong relationship of staff within the University of Exeter and the University of Geneva, the two universities have launched a new seed fund to support developing research links.
University of Queensland
The University of Exeter and The University of Queensland have partnered to establish the QUEX Institute, a new multi-million pound partnership designed to bolster their joint global research impact. Read more.
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Loose teeth are uncomfortable, especially when you try to eat food or chew gum. The feeling of the tooth pulling away from the gum is enough to send chills down your spine. It seems like an eternity, waiting for either the tooth to become loose enough to be extracted or strong enough to no longer be a problem.
Teeth become loose because of lost gum tissue, injury, orthodontic treatment, or pressure caused by tooth misalignment. A new technique called periodontal splinting attaches weak teeth together, turning them into a single unit that is stable and stronger than the single teeth by themselves. The procedure is most commonly performed on the front teeth. The procedure is as simple as using composite material to attach, or splint, the loose teeth to the adjoining stable teeth. Tooth splinting is a common procedure that has gained popularity due to its effectiveness.
Life is too short to live with loose teeth.
Contact our office today for a consultation.


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Established in 1999, ImageEvent has emerged as one of the most respected providers of online photo, video, and document sharing worldwide.
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Here at ImageEvent, we understand that photo and image sharing is not just about sharing digital images; it is about sharing your life. We invite you to take advantage of our excellent services, and welcome your comments and suggestions.
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Forbes published its billionaires list last week. Of the 1011 in the list, 89 are women and a very few of them are self made billionaires. Why do you think there are so few rich women as compared to men ? Do women think it is not worthwhile to amass so much money and there are better things to do in life (that I agree to) ? Is it because they get paid less than the men ? Or is it because the Forbes list is stupid ? What do you think ?
While you ponder over that, lets make some hearty, heart healthy egg muffins to cheer up a dull Monday.
I have loved Kalyn's Egg Muffins from the day I have seen them. Strangely I did not make them until early last week and then once I started I could not stop, for the next 3 days I kept making them. They are super easy and super delicious. I used only Egg White and kicked up the spiciness by several notches.
Due to health reasons, we had hugely reduced our egg intake and did not eat more than 1 or 2 a week. D did not like Egg whites enough unless he made a Frittata. So when ever we are on the low carb diet week, breakfast is a challenge or was, because now I have found these egg muffins which I make with only Egg Whites and still they turn out to be incredibly delicious.
And did I say they were super easy. I did ? Ok then go ahead and follow these steps to make them
Read more...
Original Recipe from Kalyn's Kitchen
Makes about 12 Muffins
Pour out 2 cups of Egg White in a bowl and spice it up with
Red Chilli Powder,
Black Pepper Powder,
a Little Garam Masala
and salt. Give a good stir or two to blend in the spices. I used egg whites out of a carton.
If using whole eggs, beat eggs lightly. You will need about one egg per muffin
Preheat oven to 375F
Grease the silicone cups lightly with oil or non-stick spray. Kalyn says if using regular muffin pan, use two paper liners in each slot and grease inside of the liner.
Layer the bottom of the muffin cups with shredded cheese. I used a pack of shredded Taco cheese. Top it with chopped green scallion(this is important). I have also used some carrots but you can use other veggies like red pepper or mushroom. If you like meat add some sausage. To spice it up I add chopped green chili
Sprinkle some more cheese on top so that almost 1/2 the muffin cup is full. Kalyn says 3/4th full but I went with 1/2
Pour the spiced up egg white so that the muffin cups are now almost 3/4 full and stir gently with a fork . If you have not added green chili add a drop of hot Tabasco in each cup.
Bake them for 20-30 minutes or until the muffins rise like a mushroom cloud. Put in a knife or fork to see if it comes out clean. If yes you are done.
Since I used only egg whites, my muffins went "phichik" and sunk once cooled. At least I think it was the only Egg white formula that did it, Kalyn's muffins did not sink and I think if you are using whole eggs, don't beat all that much and they will not sink. That didn't really matter, they were very very good to eat.
These muffins stay well when frozen. I have refrigerated them for 2 days but have not frozen them yet. But you can put them in Ziploc bags and freeze them too. Warm them up in the Microwave and they are as good as new


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Visit Your Preferred Used, Certified Lincoln MKZ Vehicle Dealer - All American Chevrolet of San Angelo
Order Your Vehicle
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Plus TT&L and fees. Price contains all applicable dealer incentives and non-limited factory rebates. You may qualify for additional rebates; see dealer for details.
*Manufacturers rebate subject to residency restrictions. Any customer not meeting the residency restrictions will receive a dealer discount in the same amount of the manufacturers rebate.


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Shop 2005 Dodge Dakota Tires
Big O Tires® Has the Right Tire for Your 2005 Dodge Dakota, Shop Today!
Looking for the right tires for your 2005 Dodge Dakota? Look no further than Big O! With a huge selection of passenger, SUV, crossover, light truck, trailer and winter tires, the experts at Big O stock the best variety of tire brands. Whether you're driving in the city, cross country or off-road, The Team You Trust® has an outstanding selection of summer, all-season, winter and even studded tires to help keep you in control no matter when you go.Select Your Trim


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Spend £100
Save: 5%
Spend £200
Save: 7%
Delight curtain fabric.
Composition: 37% Polyester, 44% Cotton, 19% Viscose.
A durable fabric for both curtains and upholstery.
Martindale abrasion test:18000.
Please Note: The visual appearance of fabric and colour may vary on screen between monitors due to the different screen colour settings;
The actual fabric appearances, textures, colours and quality of your fabric may not be as what you see on screen, the dyeing process between fabrics vary due to way the fabric has been woven, constructed or treated. Another factor is the type of yarn used (coarse or fine), these are key factors to consider when choosing the right fabric for your project.
We recommend you order actual fabric samples of the fabrics you are interested in. With samples you will be sure of the fabric shade, texture, quality and the fabric feel, also you will know if it is the right fabric for your application.
Important Point to remember about your colour; i.e. RED may not be the same as our RED, this is the same rule for any colour, you must request fabric samples, we do offer free samples, simply call us to order them.
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I. Terms of Use
By using this website and service (hereinafter referred as the "website", "service" or "services") you represent and warrant that you have read, acknowledge and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of as detailed herein. You further represent and agree that: (i) you have the power and authority to enter into this agreement; (ii) you are at least eighteen (18) years old; (iii) you will comply with all US law regarding the transmission of any data obtained from the Service in accordance with the terms and conditions of service, (iv) you will not use the Service for illegal purposes, and (v) you will not interfere or disrupt networks connected to the Service. IF YOU DO NOT ACCEPT THESE TERMS OF USE, DO NOT USE THIS WEBSITE AND SERVICE.
1. Changes. Please check these terms of use frequently, as we may occasionally unilaterally change the terms of use by revising the language contained on this page. The most current terms of use will always be available for you on this page. Amendments to the terms of use are effective at the time they are posted on this page, and your continued use of this website will constitute your acceptance of such amendments.
2. Right to Use. We reserve the right to modify or discontinue any component of this website or any of these terms of use. We expressly reserve the right to terminate your right to use this website.
3. User Accounts. You are responsible to safeguard your account information and agree to hold the provider of services harmless from any claims resulting from the improper use of your account information.
4. Copyright. All content included on this site, including software, graphics, and logos is the property of FPI Management, Inc. and/or our customers for whom we provide services (collectively "Service Providers") and is protected by applicable copyright laws.
5. Trademarks. Any marks indicated on this site are registered trademarks of SERVICE PROVIDERS, or their subsidiaries, in the United States . These trademarks may not be used in connection with any product or service that are not SERVICE PROVIDERS', in any manner that is likely to cause confusion among customers, or in any manner that discredits or disparages SERVICE PROVIDERS.
6. License. SERVICE PROVIDERS grant to you a limited license to access this website and not to download or modify any portion of it, except with the prior express written consent of SERVICE PROVIDERS. This license does not induce any resale or commercial use of this website or its contents. No portion of this website may be reproduced, resold, linked or otherwise exploited for any commercial purpose without the express written consent of SERVICE PROVIDERS. Any unauthorized use terminates this license.
7. Indemnification. You agree, at your own expense, to indemnify, defend and hold harmless SERVICE PROVIDERS and related parties, against any claim, suit, action or other proceeding brought against SERVICE PROVIDERS and related parties, by a third party, to the extent that such claim, suit, action or other proceeding brought against SERVICE PROVIDERS and related parties is based on or arises in connection with the Service, or any links on the Service, including, but not limited to: (i) your use or someone using your computer for use of the Service; (ii) your use or someone using your account, where applicable; (iii) a violation of the terms and conditions of service by you or anyone using your computer (or account, where applicable); (iv) a claim that any use of the Service by you or someone using your computer (or account, where applicable) infringes any intellectual property right of any third party, or any right of personality or publicity, is libelous or defamatory, or otherwise results in injury or damage to any third party; (v) any deletions, additions, insertions or alterations to, or any unauthorized use of, the Service by you or someone using your computer (or account, where applicable); (vi) any misrepresentation, including false or inaccurate Information, or breach of representation or warranty made by you contained herein; or (vii) any breach of any covenant or agreement to be performed by you under these terms and conditions of service. You agree to pay any and all costs, damages and expenses, including, but not limited to, reasonable attorneys' fees and costs awarded against or otherwise incurred by or in connection with or arising from any such claim, suit, action or proceeding attributable to any such claim.
8. Disclaimer of Warranties. This website and any content on the website are made available on an "as is" and "as available" basis. SERVICE PROVIDERS do not warrant that the website or any content or service provided in connection with the website will be timely, error-free, uninterrupted, secure, or that defects will be corrected. SERVICE PROVIDERS will not be responsible for any errors, omissions, interruptions, defects, deletions or delays in the operation or transmission of the website or any services or content, or for computer viruses associated with the operation of the website. SERVICE PROVIDERS make no warranty regarding any information made available through the website. SERVICE PROVIDERS MAKE NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THIS WEBSITE, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION THE WARRANTIES OF TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. YOU EXPRESSLY AGREE THAT YOUR USE OF THIS WEBSITE IS AT YOUR OWN RISK. No employee, representative, agent of SERVICE PROVIDERS or third party is authorized to make any warranty not expressly made herein. SERVICE PROVIDERS make no warranty as to the amount of time before your SERVICE PROVIDER'S account is credited with a payment made on this website.
9. Limitation of Liability. Neither SERVICE PROVIDERS, nor their subsidiaries, affiliates, officers, directors, employees, suppliers, successors or assigns will be liable to you or to any third party for any indirect, consequential, incidental, exemplary, special or punitive damages (including without limitation damages resulting from lost profits, lost revenue, last data, or substitute costs) arising out of or in connection with this website or the services available on or through this website, regardless of whether such parties have been made aware of the possibility of such damages. CERTAIN STATE LAWS DO NOT ALLOW FOR THE LIMITATION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR FOR THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF CERTAIN DAMAGES. IF THESE LAWS APPLY IN YOUR STATE OF RESIDENCE , SOME OR ALL OF THE DISCLAIMERS, EXCLUSIONS OR LIMITATIONS HEREIN MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU AND YOU MAY HAVE ADDITIONAL RIGHTS.
10. Miscellaneous. SERVICE PROVIDERS operate this website out of headquarters in Folsom, California . If you use this website from other locations you are responsible for compliance with all applicable local laws and regulations. If any provision of the terms and conditions of service, or the application thereof, is found invalid or unenforceable, that provision will be amended to achieve as nearly as possible the same economic effect as the original provision and the remainder of this agreement will remain in full force. These terms of use will be governed by the substantive laws of the State of California , regardless of where you reside or transact business with SERVICE PROVIDERS. Use of this website will be deemed to take place solely in California . You agree that the district court located in Folsom, California will have the exclusive jurisdiction over any and all disputes arising out of or relating to these terms of use of our use of this website and that you will submit to the jurisdiction of such court. The prevailing party in any dispute will be entitled to reasonable attorney's fees and costs.
II. Privacy Policy
We are committed to protecting your privacy at all times. We do not share your information with outside companies for the purposes of selling their products or services to you. We maintain security standards and procedures designed to protect your account and personal information and we will continue to test and update our technology to improve the protection of your information.
1. Security. We have taken steps to ensure the security of all data we collect through this service. We have taken proactive measures to protect against the loss, misuse, and alteration of the information under our control. We employ encryption technology, protecting data at each point of transfer. To ensure that your credit card and personal information is even more secure, once we receive your information, we store it on a server that is not openly accessible from the Internet. However, in the unlikely event that you are subject to fraudulent charges, remember to immediately notify our acquiring bank and credit card Associations in accordance with standard reporting rules and procedures.
2. Integrity. We utilize redundant systems (i.e., backup systems) to reduce the chance of data loss. We also use computer virus detection and eradication software on systems containing computer data. Firewalls are also employed to prevent unauthorized computer entry into systems containing your private information.
3. Personal Information. We do not release your personal, account or credit card information to any entity other than the credit card service providers involved in the processing of your payments. Apart from this, we only disclose your personal or account information in the good faith belief that we are required to do so by law, or that doing so is reasonably necessary to:
a) comply with legal process;
b) respond to any claims; or
c) protecting the rights, property or personal safety of our company, employees, customers or the public.
4. Information Collected. When you make payments on-line using our service, we need to know your billing address, e-mail address, apartment community name, account number, phone number, credit card number and credit card expiration date. This allows us to process your payment and credit your account. The processing of transactions is managed by a third-party financial institution, which receives credit card numbers and other personal identifying information only to verify the credit card numbers and process transactions.
5. Your Information. You are always entitled to have access to the information you submitted through our service. Please contact your leasing office to obtain past information regarding payments, credits, charges, etc.
Application Terms
In compliance with the FAIR HOUSING CREDIT REPORTING ACT, this is to inform you that a credit investigation involving the statements made on this application for tenancy of the apartment community is being initiated. You authorize FPI Management, Inc. to obtain credit reports, character reports and rental history as needed to verify all information put forth in the application fields online. Management reserves the right to terminate at is election if any person knowingly or willingly makes fraudulent statements on this application. It is illegal and against our policy to discriminate against any person because of race, religion, color, sex, national origin or disability.
Lessor reserves the right to reject rental application any time prior to execution and delivery of lease. In event of rejection, the rental application deposit will be refund to applicant. In the event Applicant is approved and apartment is available but Applicant elects not to rent the apartment, Owner/Agent may retain holding/security deposit as consideration in full for the Owner/Agents having held the apartment off the rental market. The parties agree that the amount of damages in that situation will be difficult to establish and that the amount of the deposit is agreed to as and for liquated damages. If Applicant withdraws application prior to excitation of lease, the rental application holding/security deposit will be forfeited unless written cancellation is received within 72 hours from the date of this online transaction. Refund of holding/security deposit will be mailed to address provided with 21 days from receipt of written cancellation. If you are in the state of Washington, deposit will be mailed within 14 days.
For Communities in the State of WA and NV, please confirm with office for total amounts of non-refundable Administrative Fees and deposits.
California Civil Code Section 1786.16(a)(3), states that a consumer shall be notified in writing regarding any report which may be construed as an "investigative consumer report" that is requested for the purpose of evaluating the consumer's ability to hire a dwelling unit.
California Civil Code Section 1786.22, states in summary that the agency listed above shall supply files and information relating to these investigations during normal business hours and on reasonable notice. Files maintained shall be made available for the consumer's visual inspection either: (1) by certified mail, pursuant to a written request, with proper identification, for copies to be sent to a specified addressee; (2) by telephone, if the consumer has made a written request, with proper identification for telephone disclosure, and the toll charge, if any, is prepaid by or charged directly to the consumer; or (3) in person, upon furnishing proper identification. "Proper identification" shall mean identification generally deemed sufficient to identify a person, including a valid drivers' license, social security account number, military identification card and credit card. Only if the consumer is unable to identify himself with the foregoing information may the agency require additional information concerning the consumer's employment, personal or family history. The agency shall provide a written explanation of any coded information contained in the files maintained on a consumer that is to be distributed whenever a file is provided to a consumer for visual inspection. The agency shall provide trained personnel to explain to the consumer any information furnished to the consumer by the agency. The consumer shall be permitted to be accompanied by one other person of his choosing, who shall also furnish reasonable identification. The agency may require the consumer to furnish a written statement granting permission to the agency to discuss the consumer's file in such a person's presence. There may be a fee associated with said disclosure.
A fee has been received from above applicant for an offer to rent. The above payment is to be used for processing the resident screening, including any investigative consumer report and/or consumer credit report.
Applicant has given authorization to run a consumer and/or credit report, including a search of any other public information to evaluate their application to live at said community, and use the information contained therein for no other purpose, as limited by federal law.
*Owner/manager does not waive the issue of whether this notice is its legal obligation, but provides such notice to protect the legal right, if any, of the consumer hereto.
Making a payment is the final step and doing so is your confirmation and agreement of terms


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Car buyers who consider safety a must-have feature can now choose from an even greater variety, according to the 2022 Insurance Institute for Highway Safety's TOP SAFETY PICK award list.
This year's list recognized 101 vehicles in all, naming 65 models TOP SAFETY PICK+ choices and another 36 TOP SAFETY PICKs.
In the annual TOP SAFETY PICK awards, the IIHS announces which new models performed best in their evaluations. The list is organized by size and type on the IIHS website.
How Are TOP SAFETY PICKs Determined?
Each year, the IIHS, a nonprofit research and education organization, conducts tests to determine how vehicles fair in two aspects of safety: crashworthiness and crash avoidance/mitigation. It also evaluates other elements of vehicle safety, such as headlight ratings.
The IIHS awarded winners in 11 size categories, from small cars to large pickups.
All award-winning models earned "good" ratings in six crashworthiness tests and offer trims with front-crash prevention systems with "advanced" or "superior" ratings. Every winner must also have at least one headlight system that earns a "good" or "acceptable" rating.
While no new award criteria were introduced this year, some features were common among the winners. Front-crash prevention systems with "advanced" or "superior" ratings in vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-pedestrian evaluations are standard on all but two TOP SAFETY PICK+ winners and 30 out of 36 TOP SAFETY PICK winners. And although standard "acceptable" headlights can qualify for the higher award, 31 models come exclusively with "good" headlights.
Headlight and front-crash prevention improvements are increasingly becoming standard across the industry. Carmakers have pledged to make vehicle-to-vehicle automatic emergency braking standard on nearly all the light-duty vehicles they produce beginning this September.
(See also: The Driver's Guide to Headlights)
IIHS has already announced two new evaluations to its awards requirements for 2023: an updated side test and a nighttime pedestrian crash prevention test.
The 2022 TOP SAFETY PICK Winners
This year's 101 overall picks and 65 TOP SAFETY PICK+ winners surpassed last year's list of 90 total winners and 49 "plus" vehicles.
Hyundai Motor Group, consisting of Hyundai, Kia and Genesis, led all manufacturers with 21 total TOP SAFETY PICKs, including 11 "plus" award winners. The Korean automaker placed vehicles in nine categories, including four models in the Small SUV class (the Hyundai Tucson was a TOP SAFETY PICK+, while the Hyundai Venue, Kia Seltos and Kia Sportage were all TOP SAFETY PICKS).
The Volkswagen Group, which comprises the Volkswagen and Audi brands, earned 11 accolades, including eight plus selections. Volvo, which led manufacturers with nine TOP SAFETY PICKs+ a year ago, placed 10 in the same category in 2022.
This year's minivan and pickup truck classes also grew to include four vehicles apiece after only two minivans and one pickup qualified in 2021.
For the full list of winners and ratings, visit iihs.org/ratings.
Insurance for New and Used Cars
Car shopping doesn't just mean kicking tires and taking test drives. It's also an ideal time to examine your auto insurance options. For both endeavors, here are a few articles from our blog that might help:
- What Determines the Price of My Auto Insurance?
- What's Cheaper: Insuring Old Cars or New Cars?
- Do I Have Insurance When I Drive My New Car Off the Lot?
- What to Know Before Trading In Your Car
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to Prevent the Transmission of Infectious Agents
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CDC Recommendations:
SIGNS: Post at entrances and in strategic places, such as elevators and cafeterias
HAND HYGIENE: Provide conveniently-located dispensers of alcohol-based hand rubs (hand sanitizers)
WEAR FACE MASKS: Offer masks to coughing patients and other symptomatic persons upon entry into the facility
USE TISSUES: Provide tissues, beginning at the point of initial encounter, including triage, reception, waiting areas, outpatient clinics and physician offices


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This is SCIENCE FRIDAY. I'm Ira Flatow.
Take a look at some of the pictures coming back from the Mars rovers. What do you see? Rocky fields, cliffs, dry ground. They look a fair amount like some of the pictures of parts of southern Utah, especially if you put on a pair of rose-colored glasses. It turns out that researchers are studying the geology of Utah to help explain some of the features that the Mars rovers and orbiters are seeing. And, at the same time, other people are using Utah as a companion to Mars in another way, as a training ground to help develop tools and techniques for humans one day living and working there on the red planet.
Joining me now here in the Grand Theatre in Salt Lake City, from the campus of the Salt Lake Community College, are my guests, Marjorie Chan, professor of geology in the Department of Geology and Geophysics at the University of Utah. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.
MARJORIE CHAN: Thank you.
FLATOW: And Charles Killian, he's the CapCom coordinator for the Mars Society's Mars Desert Research Station that's in southern Utah, near Hanksville. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.
CHARLES KILLIAN: Thank you very much.
FLATOW: Thank you. Now, Dr. Chan, what is it about Utah that makes a good match for studying Mars?
CHAN: Utah is just a fantastic place for geologists, because things are so well-exposed, and we don't have a lot of vegetation, as was mentioned previously, that's covering things up. So we can make comparisons of what the surface, the landscape looks like, even from satellite-type images. And we can get on the ground and look at it in person.
FLATOW: Mm-hmm. How closely does what you see here track to what researchers are actually sending back from the rovers and things? Do they match up, the kind of things?
CHAN: It's been really exciting, and in part because some of the newest discoveries on Mars have found sedimentary rocks, and sedimentary rocks are the ones that contain life. And this is exciting because it really evokes the question: Are we alone in the universe? And can we find potential life on another planet?
FLATOW: Mm-hmm. Let's talk, Chuck, about the Mars Society. What's there about Utah that makes it a good place for the Mars Society?
KILLIAN: Well, in about the year 2000, a survey was done to find a place where one could build a habitat in an area that was a close analogue to Mars. And it turns out, southern Utah is perfect, because there's little-to-no vegetation, and the scenery is right, which is probably because the geology is right. If I can tell just a quick antidote.
FLATOW: Sure, sure.
KILLIAN: I was out there, oh, in October and got up early and was looking out a porthole, and the sun was coming up. And it was kind of the rosy glow you get in the desert that time of the day. It looked just like a photograph from one of the rovers. It was absolutely perfect.
FLATOW: Wow. What sort of things are the field crews doing at the Mars Desert Research Station? What do they do out there?
KILLIAN: Well, typically, they do things like biology, geology. They do - they work with small rovers, occasionally. What they're out there to do is to develop - as you stated - tools and techniques to - that may be useful in - during the human exploration of Mars. They, for instance, might go out and bring back samples and analyze them in the lab there - and they have - for biologics. Same thing with geology studies, that kind of thing.
FLATOW: If you have a question in here in the audience, please, step to the mikes if you want to know something about the geology of Utah and the comparison to Mars. One of the things that was quite interesting, Dr. Chan, a few years ago, the Mars rover found some really spherical-looking objects. You're shaking your head, or you know what I'm going to call them, those blueberries, blueberries on Mars.
CHAN: Right.
FLATOW: What - did you figure out what they were?
CHAN: Well, prior to the landing of that particular rover, I had been looking at some of these marbles, these round balls, and these are sandstones that have preferential - that have cement that are making them much harder. And...
FLATOW: Natural cement?
CHAN: Natural cement made of iron oxides. And, typically, some of the minerals hematite and what we called graphite. And these are iron oxides. And this is really the history of how fluids have moved through the rock in the subsurface, and I had been studying these. And, actually, we had proposed an idea that this could explain some of the hematite that they were recognizing on Mars. And it wasn't soon after we had come up with this idea that the Mars rover opportunity started sending pictures back of the spherical balls that they called blueberries. And I was one of the few people that was looking at similar types of things here on Earth. So it was really exciting, because we could say there's been groundwater on Mars. And we've got all kinds of really cool balls here on Earth, and it really helps us better understand the processes on Mars.
FLATOW: That looks like little flying saucer that you have there.
CHAN: This one does look like a flying saucer.
FLATOW: What is that? Same thing? Same kind of formation?
CHAN: Yes. It's the same kind of cemented mineral mass that we call a concretion. But there's one layer in here in the middle that's just slightly coarser-grained. And that means that it's easier for the fluids to flow along this particular band. And so it tends to stretch out that way. So you get all kinds of neat and cool shapes.
FLATOW: Let's go right the questions. Up there in the balcony, yes, ma'am, step up.
UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN: Hi. Thank you. Such a pleasure to be here. I have a daughter who is six, who really wants to be the first person to go to Mars. And Alice is a pretty determined little girl, but my background is in art. And so I really don't know how to steer her. So what advice would you give for a child that aspires to be a scientist in this field, and specifically to be an astronaut and possibly go to Mars someday?
FLATOW: And that's a good question because the people who study the planets like yourself, they're not really - they're not space people. They are planetary scientists, like geologists. Because you know the planet is there, you don't have to discover it. So would you not say to her, well, if she's going to study the surface, maybe she ought to study geology?
CHAN: Right. Both planetary science and geology are really important to understanding Mars. And I would say if your daughter is interested, go for it because it is so much fun to be a scientist. You never know what you're going to find, and we could use some good scientists, people that are young and enthusiastic in the field.
FLATOW: Before I go to the next question, I want to ask you about something new that was just discovered a matter of weeks or months. Not the blueberries but these little flowers. They were something like glassy flowers that started showing up. Do you know what I'm talking about?
CHAN: There's all kinds of different structures that have been recognized on Mars. And some of them still are open to interpretation of what they might mean. And this is why we can use more people that are interested in using Earth analogs to better understand Mars.
FLATOW: OK. Let's go down here to the audience.
UNIDENTIFIED MAN: I know that there are a lot of precious metals in impact sites on the Earth, like platinum that we use in a lot of industrial applications. I was wondering what do you think the potential is for finding resources like that on Mars that might make it actually maybe economically feasible to even mine some aspects of the Martian rocks and minerals.
CHAN: Yes. There has been quite a bit of interest in even trying to mine different asteroids for different materials. A lot of what's exposed on the surface of Mars seems to be similar to some of things that we find here on Earth. There seem to be a lot of materials like the salts, some sedimentary rock. And perhaps the asteroids are the ones that might have the greater metal potential.
FLATOW: Mm-hmm. Let me ask you this question, Charles. Do your crews mimic as much wearing suits and things as they would on Mars?
KILLIAN: Absolutely. We call that being in sim or in simulation. When they leave the Hab, they wear a Mars suit, if you will, and they lock in and lock out. We have air locks in the Hab, and they have to spend a certain amount of time waiting to go out and then come back in. They try to do all of their work in sim. And of course this increases the difficulty of what they're probably trying to accomplish by an order of magnitude anyway because they've got heavy gloves on and so forth.
But again, since their - one of their objectives is to develop tools and techniques that one might be able to use on Mars, this is a valuable part of the experience.
FLATOW: Mm-hmm. OK. Let's go up to the balcony up there. Yes.
UNIDENTIFIED MAN: Yes. A colleague of mine, Jut Wynne, discovered a new species of troglobitic millipede over at the NAU. And I was just wondering what the possibilities of discovering other troglobitic life forms on Mars are.
FLATOW: What is he talking about?
UNIDENTIFIED MAN: Well, troglobitic are cave-dwelling organisms.
FLATOW: We don't allow jargon on this program. Now we have a jargon. That was - that's a good question.
CHAN: We have all kinds of life forms here on Earth that we call extremophiles, ones that are able to withstand what we would normally think are very extreme conditions for life. And it does seem like there's possibilities that life on Mars would be the kind that could withstand some of these extreme types of conditions.
FLATOW: Yeah. Let's go down here. Yes, sir.
UNIDENTIFIED MAN: So my uncle is a soil scientist. And somebody he knew would send a sample of some - a sample from Mars, and the guy in the letter that he sent my uncle said the word soil. And my uncle, since he's a soil scientist, got mad and sent him back that it's dirt. So what's the terminology that should be used?
FLATOW: Dirt or soil?
CHAN: Yeah, what's the dirt on soil? Well...
FLATOW: I'm writing that down.
CHAN: Soil is some of the breakdown of materials under the some of the surface types of conditions. And so technically we tend to use the term soil. I don't know of anybody that's really gotten any samples from Mars except for some of the meteorites that might have come from Mars.
UNIDENTIFIED MAN: Yeah, I think that was it.
FLATOW: Yeah, because we find pieces of Mars around all the time here, don't we? I mean they come here naturally.
CHAN: They're rare, but they are present, yes.
FLATOW: They are present. Well, thank you for that question. Let's go over here. Yes, sir.
UNIDENTIFIED MAN: Thank you. My question is for Mr. Killian. I'm curious a little bit more about the what Mars Society is doing. Are you practicing - it sounds like you're certainly practicing what you would do on Mars. Are you - are the people there staying confined in a shelter, for example? Are you growing food within it, and for some extended period of time trying to simulate what it would be like to be on Mars?
KILLIAN: Absolutely. A typical crew rotation is about two weeks. And during that time there is what we call the Hab or the Habitat, and it consists of two levels. It's - the lower level is labs and engineering spaces. Top side is living quarters and so on. This is where they spend actually probably 80 percent of their time. There is also what we call a green hab. And this year the crews have been growing some vegetables to supplement their rations that they get when they come on site.
We try to simulate as much as possible what it would be like in terms of the human interactions and the physical interactions that are required to do the kind of human exploration that the Mars Society would very much like to see happen in the not too distant future. As a result, one of the things I didn't mention is that there have been a number of studies along human factors lines, how do people get along, and so forth to do the science on Mars.
FLATOW: Mm-hmm. Let me go the audience. This young - yeah.
UNIDENTIFIED MAN: So I was wondering your opinion on when we go and find information on Mars, if we should send rovers or if we should strictly go there and use our ideas to find information.
FLATOW: Robots or people?
KILLIAN: Well, if I might, because I'm kind of passionate about this.
FLATOW: Yeah, I bet you are.
KILLIAN: The rovers are fine. I think they're great for reconnaissance. But I believe that at the end of the day it's human beings that need to go there and look around and live and work. I ultimately believe that for the human race to expand its horizons is extraordinarily important.
FLATOW: That's it. That's - you're listening to SCIENCE FRIDAY on NPR. I'm Ira Flatow here in Salt Lake City. Let's go up to the balcony one more time.
UNIDENTIFIED MAN: What - have you send any drills(ph) or spacecraft like I've seen in documentaries? Do they go up to the ice caps in Mars?
CHAN: That's a good question. There was a probe that was sent to one of the polar regions and it turned out that there was ice damage to some of the machinery. And so there are more difficulties sending it to some of the cold areas, and many of the rovers have concentrated on some of the areas that are more in the equatorial area.
FLATOW: Why would you send it to the poles? What's to be learned in sending it to the poles?
CHAN: You might find things out about life that can live under extreme environments there. It's just some of the really different features that form there. There are some things that they called spiders that they think are these CO2 geysers that erupt. And there are just different things to see. It's a planet that's full of possibilities and things we still don't understand.
FLATOW: Do you agree with Chuck that we have to send people to Mars?
CHAN: That's interesting because I'm just teaching a class called Mars for Earthlings. And probably at the beginning of the class I thought, you know, robotic rovers are good enough. But now as I have kind of looked more about some of the advancements, we can now cut down the time possibly from eight months to get man to Mars to some of these new fusion processes that could possibly get man to Mars in maybe 30 days or in a month. And if that can happen, it seems like these are all kinds of new possibilities for really exploring the red planet in person.
FLATOW: What about the scientist - there are some scientists who say that a trip to Mars is going to be one way?
FLATOW: You've heard that.
CHAN: I think it is one way.
FLATOW: You do? And - but yet the people are still lining up to go, that one way trip.
CHAN: Yeah. They say that 40,000 people are - signed up on Mars One to try to go on that one-way trip to Mars.
FLATOW: Chuck, are these people a little...
KILLIAN: No, they're not.
KILLIAN: Sign me up.
FLATOW: Sign him up. OK.
KILLIAN: If you look at throughout the history of the modern world, it's replete with individuals who have made that one way trip. I mean, Utah was settled by folks that made a one-way trip. I don't think there will ever be any issue with finding people that are willing to do that. Good solid folks that will get the job done.
FLATOW: Mm-hmm. I think we have time for one more question in the audience. Yes.
UNIDENTIFIED MAN: Curiosity, if nothing else, is a huge triumph for robotics and brought it to the public knowledge in a major way. First of all, was Utah, in any way, a testing ground for space exploration, mechatronics(ph), and if so, what challenges we're going to overcome - the difference is obviously atmospheric, geologic gravitation and things like this for robotics on Earth versus robotics on Mars.
KILLIAN: I don't know about Curiosity specifically. But I know that robotics have been tested extensively down at MDRS in Hanksville(ph). There are many of the same kinds of issues down there that would affect a rover on Mars, specifically that betonite clay they've got down there, it turns to this fine dust that just screws up machinery big time. And so that's one thing they have to worry about. And just how do you power a rover and how do you communicate it with, those kinds of things.
FLATOW: Well, we've run out of time for this segment. I want to thank you both for taking time to be with us today.
KILLIAN: You're welcome.
FLATOW: Good luck to you. Good luck to the Mars folks. Marjorie Chan, professor of geology, Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah; Charles Killian, he is the CapCom coordinator for the Mars Society's Mars Desert Research Station. Thanks again for joining us today. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.