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We offer a Free quote and UK design service, get in touch today.
Airbrick protection in Ashfield IP14 6 is recommended if your house is in an area where flooding problems are seen a lot. Reaction services are accessible for people who have previously been affected by flooding in their establishment. We would additionally suggest installing one of our flood defence methods as a way to reduce the chance of this causing problems in the future.
Flooding can lead to a lot of damage; our team are industry experts in flooding defences and will carry out numerous systems that can help safeguard your property or business office. There are numerous flooding defences which you can pick for your house. Some of the most widely used flood defence methods are things like barriers, special windows, sand bags, flooding alarms and even more. For more info on the alarms we can install please click here http://www.flood-defences.org.uk/services/flood-alarms/suffolk/ashfield/ Having a number of different options available means that you are able to pick one that will be ideal for you. We are able to reduce the chance of a lot of water getting into your property by installing the airbrick protection techniques. Our processes are performed to the top standards, because we have specialists with experience carrying out the process.
If you fill out the enquiry form on our website, we'll get back to you as soon as we can. We'll provide suitable information for you based on the information you provided in the enquiry from.
An air brick or air vent as it is also known as is a brick which has holes in. This allows better ventilation and can prevent moisture building up on a property.
We always look to be the greatest airbrick flood defence providers in the United Kingdom and so we make certain that each of our services are performed to the best standard. We only ever work with professional equipment and top quality products to ensure the quality of the work. Cheaper companies are available - but you really need to remember that it is likely because they're not making use of high quality products. These types of contractors will not provide you with good quality installations like with our team. We have got a lot of expert know-how inside the industry and lots of experience, so you can relax and be certain the airbrick installations will be done properly.
Air brick covers are used to prevent any water getting into the building through the brick. If you know flooding is going to happen, it is suggested to install the covers.
There is no fixed cost for flood prevention airbrick covers. There are various flood-defence systems that will have individual price ranges. We'll try our very best to stay within your spending allowances if you have a particular spending plan. The most effective flooding defence strategies will usually be more pricey. Our team provide beneficial installations around, that is why we might not be cheap. This is because our company offers high quality services to prevent water running into your house or workplace as well as effective reactive support.
Making sure the airbrick flood defence systems in Ashfield IP14 6 work for your home is important to us, which is the reason we work with our customers to guarantee the best products are fitted. We'll finish the installation speedily and we'll be sure to cause little disturbance. We also have a number of aftercare choices available if you have already been subject to flooding. For more information regarding our aftercare services like repairs click here http://www.flood-defences.org.uk/repair/suffolk/ashfield/ Making sure you have the most suitable airbrick protection method is essential to us, this is why we will talk you through the many choices available. As we have plenty of practical experience, we are sure to offer the most effective flood-defence products.
Sewage defence is an additional service that we can carry out. Sewage is not a pleasant thing to deal with in case of flooding. If you'd like more information about the unique flooding prevention services we'll complete, make sure to get in touch by using the enquiry box located on this page.
Even though the majority of people will install air brick covers when they know flooding could happen. If water gets into a property, the water can be drained from the holes in the bricks.
We will also give guidance concerning how to avoid water entering your building. We always ensure that all of our clients aren't at risk if there is a flood. To achieve this, we provide the top advice regarding flooding prevention. For more information on our advice please visit this page http://www.flood-defences.org.uk/flood-advice/suffolk/ashfield/ We will help you determine what flooding defences system to install relating to your particular situation. We offer flood-surveys if required, so please do not hesitate to speak with us. Since more than 5m people within the United Kingdom may be affected by floods, it is recommended to find out your flooding risk. Getting prevention methods set up ahead of time will be able to reduce any complications which might occur because of floods.
For more information about airbrick protection in Ashfield IP14 6 and how it could benefit your home, just contact us today. This can be done through the application form on our website and when we receive the enquiry, we will respond to you as quickly as we can.


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An unexpected fall or twist can result in an injury of the foot or ankle, such as a sprain or strain. Immediate first aid can help prevent complications, reduce pain and improve recovery.
Rest, ice, compression and elevation--commonly referred to as R.I.C.E.--is the first and best treatment for minor injuries. The following tips can aid in the early treatment of common foot and ankle injuries to help reduce swelling and control the inflammatory process during the initial phase of injury.
Rest: Whether you have a strain or a sprain, rest from any physical activity is essential to protecting your injured ligaments, tendons or muscles from further damage while your body starts the repair process. Avoid putting weight on the injured foot or ankle as much as possible. In some cases, complete immobilization may be required.
Ice: Gently ice your foot or ankle with ice wrapped in a towel in a 20-minute-on, 40-minute-off cycle for the first few days post-injury. Ice is excellent at reducing inflammation and pain.
Compression: Applying some type of compressive wrap or bandage to an injured area can greatly reduce the amount of initial swelling.
Elevation: Prop your foot up while lying down or sitting so that it is higher than or equal to the level of the heart.
After a few days of R.I.C.E., many acute injuries will begin to heal. If pain or swelling does not subside after a few days, or if you are unsure of the severity of your injury, make an appointment with your podiatrist. A skilled podiatrist can properly diagnose your injury and recommend the best course of treatment.

subset: commoncrawl


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Portland, representing the great Pacific North West! Awesome design for an awesome city.
Unsure what size to get? We have created two consistently scaled images to show you what different sized displays look like when filled with medals.
In Stock means that this item is usually kept in stock. Order processing typically takes 1 to 4 business days.
Once the order is processed, domestic shipping takes between 2 and 8 business days to arrive at your door. Most domestic orders are shipped via FedEx.
Cut To Order means we don't make it until you order it. Order processing typically takes 3 to 8 business days.
Once your order is processed, domestic shipping can take between 2 and 8 business days to arrive at your door. Most domestic orders are shipped via FedEx.
Ordering a "3 hanger bar" display will triple these figures, and will come with clear plastic ribbon clips to shorten or stagger the lengths of the ribbons.
Visit our contact page to get in touch, we would love to hear from you.
Design and order a display to your exact liking using our custom medal hanger display builder.
All of our displays are proudly forged right here in Washington State.


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Theory of knowledge
- PD Topic area: DP
- Language: English
- Level: Cat 2
Ibicus Virtual MYP, DP, CP, and Leadership workshops in February, 2024
These workshops are organized by Ibicus in cooperation with the IB.
All workshops will be delivered virtually via a web conferencing or online learning platform.
Time zone: GMT
Consult the IB workshops and services catalogue for workshop descriptions and guidance on which workshop category to choose.


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text: We're FHA Approved Our company is on the FHA Roster of approved residential appraisers. We're qualified and approved to do appraisals for FHA insured loans. We're trained and understand the rules and procedures in FHA's guidance and policy documents. If you're in need of an appraisal for an FHA loan, please contact us and we'll be able to help you right away. An FHA loan is insured by the Federal Housing Administration, a federal agency within the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). The FHA does not loan money to borrowers, rather, it provides lenders protection through mortgage insurance (MIP) in case the borrower defaults on his or her loan obligations. Available to all buyers, FHA loan programs are designed to help creditworthy low-income and moderate-income families who do not meet requirements for conventional loans. Remember, the FHA is different from the VA appraiser panel in that the lender can choose the appraiser. FHA loan programs are particularly beneficial to those buyers with less available cash. The rates on FHA loans are generally market rates, while down payment requirements are lower than for conventional loans. |


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Customer satisfaction can only be achieved by the right quality that we serve.
We have customers everywhere and so we make our products available to them there.
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Meta Therm Furnace Private Limited started its operation back in the year 1985 and over the years, the company has enlarged its production and reputation in the domain and becomes one of the best Industrial Furnace Manufacturers in Worcester. After every while, we learn from the difficulties and improve our resources and capabilities to meet the ever-changing needs of the customers. Our products are manufactured at our in-house facility by applying the best approach, resources, and manpower.
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Yamaha 1967 Motorcycle OEM Parts
Yamaha 1967 Motorcycle Original Equipment Manufacturer Parts at Outboard Parts Nation. Please select a model.
Notes on Availability of Outboard Motor parts:
- Being able to add Outboard Motor parts and Outboard Motor accessories to your shopping cart is not an indication of the Outboard Motor parts being in stock. We sell millions of Outboard Motor parts at wholesale prices and can't possibly keep them all in stock. What we don't stock is ordered direct from Yamaha or Honda and shipped to you.
- Although we regularly receive updates about unavailable parts with older Outboard Motors, occasionally, outboard motor parts may be able to be added to your shopping cart that are discontinued and no longer in production. We will notify you if this is the case.


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This site is definitely NOT CANON or official in any way. Nobody from within the Star Trek organization has authorized it in any way, or provided me with any information to develop it, or has anything at all to do with it. Although much here is taken directly from canon and official sources, much else is nothing more than speculation based on my own particular interpretation of the Star Trek universe. For details of how to distinguish between canon, official and speculative information, see the 'Ethos' section.
A word on the images used here : at last count this site contained, in all, about four thousand five hundred images. Many of these are supporting graphics - buttons, titles, etc. Of the two thousand or so 'useful' images, the vast majority are scans I have made myself from various episodes. A few are pictures I have downloaded from Binaries groups over the last few years. Since I didn't know I was going to have a web site of my own when I downloaded them, I have never kept any kind of record of who scanned them and posted them. My ultimate aim is to replace all of these images with my own scans, a process which is now largely complete. If anybody recognises an image on this site as one they have provided, they can email me and I will credit them or remove the image.
Much of the information contained within this site is taken from the following sources :
The Original Series |
The Next Generation |
Deep Space Nine |
Voyager |
Enterprise |
Discovery |
Picard |
Strange New Worlds |
The Animated Series |
Lower Decks |
Prodigy |
The Motion Picture |
The Wrath of Khan |
The Search for Spock |
The Voyage Home |
The Final Frontier |
The Undiscovered Country |
Generations |
First Contact |
Insurrection |
Nemesis |
Star Trek XI |
Star Trek Into Darkness |
Star Trek Beyond |
Miscelaneous |
Films |
All of the above are copyrighted by Paramount Pictures. No copyright infringement is intended and this material is for personal use only.
Further information has been taken from the following sources :
Star Trek The Next Generation Technical Manual, written by Rick Sternbach and Michael Okuda, Copyright 1991 by Paramount Pictures. |
Star Trek Deep Space Nine Technical Manual, written by Herman Zimmerman, Rick Sternbach and Doug Drexler, Copyright 1998 by Paramount Pictures. |
Star Trek Encyclopedia, second edition, written by Michael Okuda and Denise Okuda, Copyright 1997 by Paramount Pictures. |
Star Trek Chronology, second edition, written by Michael Okuda, Copyright 1996 by Paramount Pictures. |
Star Trek - Starfleet Technical Manual, written by Franz Joseph, Copyright 1975 by Franz Joseph Designs |
No copyright infringement is intended and this material is for personal use only.
Other sources are less frequently used, and have been credited at the point of use.
Original information contained within this site is © Graham & Ian Kennedy. It may be used as outlined in the FAQ.
© Graham & Ian Kennedy | Page views : 206,938 | Last updated : 31 Dec 2013 |


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62 PROTON Persona Cars for sale in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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35 years on, Proton continues in designing, manufacturing, distribution and sales of rebadged passenger cars with collaboration of international auto manufacturers such as Mitsubishi Motors, Suzuki and PSA Peugeot Citroen based models like the Arena, Ertiga, Iswara, Juara, Perdana, Putra, Saga, Satria, Tiara and Wira. The company also manufactures in-house models such as the Exora, Gen 2, Persona, Satria Neo and Savvy. Until today, these models are very well sort after by local used car buyers for not only of their affordable prices, but also due the abundance of spare parts available and their serviceability by many mechanics nationwide.
Proton continues to provide Malaysians affordable personal mobility with their
latest models on offer today much like the Inspira, Iriz, Persona, Perdana, Prevé,
Suprima and the all-new third generation Saga saloon.
62 PROTON Persona Cars for sale in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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2018 Nov 26 - Dec 14
GNIRS was removed from the telescope to work on filter wheel #2 which had been showing increasing instances of not going into position reliably. The filter wheel datum switches were replaced on both filter mechanisms, a temporary light baffle was removed from wheel #1, and dust was removed from the filters using CO2 snow.
2018 Jun 20-25
Re-seated the detector controller boards, replaced the sequencer board, and replaced a voltage regulator. The read noise levels are now back to normal.
2018 Jun 5
The detector controller is producing higher than normal read noise; investigation is underway.
2017 Aug
The GNIRS cold heads were refurbished, the filter wheel bearings were replaced, the filter wheel baffle was replaced and isolated (it was rubbing and eroding onto some filters), and the filters were cleaned.
6 Nov 2014
Following the August/September 2014 warmup and abbreviated engineering work (the new short red camera lens was not installed, and thus the short red camera remains unavailable until further notice), GNIRS was experienced cooling problems.Following replacement of cold heads it was cooled successfully and was reinstalled on the telescope for scientific use on 14 October. The ice absorption at 3.0-3.2 microns has been reduced to 10% or less, and the instrument is usable in that wavelength range (but currently with only the long red camera). Installation of the Pk50 blocker in the Y filter holder has eliminated the long wavelength leak and the Y filter is now available for imaging science.
25 Apr 2013
The replacement of the cracked lens in the short red camera and installation of a blocking filter for the leak in the Y-MK filter are postponed until July/August 2014. For the rest of 2013A, GNIRS will be off the telescope the last three weeks of July, during which we will replace the cold heads and GNIRS will be warmed while pumped to remove any ice contamination. We expect to have GNIRS back on the telescope and available for science in early August. Technical assessments of 13B GNIRS proposals that use the short red camera are taking into account with the possibility of using the long red camera instead.
08 Feb 2013
GNIRS will be offered in all modes for the 2013B call for proposals. Ahead of that semester we intend to replace the cracked lens in the short red camera (see the August 2012 updates on this page), and also block a leak in the new Y-MK filter.
21 Dec 2012
IRAF configuration files are now available for all supported GNIRS modes. See the Nov 15 status update for more information and instructions for using the files. These files are also part of the recent v1.12 beta release of the package.
bad pixel mask
12 Dec 2012
Continued GNIRS checkouts have been hindered by an extended period of poor weather on Mauna Kea. Nonetheless, almost all modes have now been released for science use. The exceptions are imaging with the new Y, J and K Mauna Kea filters and observations with the laser guide star. Weather permitting, GNIRS+LGS will be checked out during the next laser run, scheduled to start on Dec 18.
15 November 2012
As part of the recent GNIRS work, some FITS header keywords were modified to reflect the fact that a new camera lens was installed and the array rotation changed slightly. The released version of the Gemini IRAF package is not compatible with the new headers, so users reducing GNIRS data taken since November 2012 will need to download the following configuration files:
Using the files is quite straighforward; they replace the versions supplied with the package and are given as command-line parameters to various reduction tasks. Users following the reduction example on this page would use slightly modified calls to nsprepare, nsflat and nswavelength, as follows:
nsprepare @all.lis shiftx=INDEF shifty=INDEF obstype=FLAT fl_correct- arraytable="path/to/array.fits" configtable="path/to/config.fits"
nsflat firstname.lastname@example.com flatfile="QHflat.fits" fl_corner+ process="fit" order=5 lthresh=10. thr_flo=0.35 thr_fup=4.0 aptable="path/to/apertures.fits" fl_inter+
nswavelength arc_comb coordlist="gnirs$data/lowresargon.dat" fl_median+ threshold=300. nlost=10 fwidth=5. nsappwavedb="path/to/nsappwave.fits" aptable="path/to/apertures.fits" fl_inter+
At this point, the modified files are only available for the XD mode that was released for queue observations last week. Further updates for other modes will be provided shortly. These changes will be included in the next Gemini IRAF package release, scheduled around the end of the year with support for the new instruments at Gemini South.
09 November 2012
GNIRS was reinstalled on the telescope on November 07 and nighttime checkouts have started. The sensitivity of the instrument in the popular short camera cross-dispersed (XD) mode is comparable to previous performance and ITC predictions, and the number of radiation events with the new lens is dramatically decreased. The instrument has been released for queue observations in the XD mode and further checks of the remaining modes are planned for the coming week. The web pages will be updated with more information about GNIRS' performance as we analyse the data.
16 October 2012
GNIRS has now been checked out in the lab and will be shipped to Mauna Kea in the morning. Once there, it will undergo its first cooldown since before this round of engineering work. All mechanisms will be tested and recalibrated ahead of the instrument being mounted on the telescope, scheduled for November 07. Although we will then have a fair amount of on-telescope commissioning work to do, we plan to test and release modes in stages, so that GNIRS is available for science use as soon as possible.
20 August 2012
The reassembly of GNIRS is due to start in the next few days, to be followed by an extensive series of tests in the lab. A replacement short red camera lens will be obtained (the vendors we contacted were not optimistic about stoning out the crack), but the procurement will take ~12 weeks. Delaying the reassembly that much would make GNIRS effectively unavailable for the planned 2012B queue observations, so the lens will not be replaced at this time and the short red camera will be unavailable in 2012B and 2013A. The PIs of the three affected 2012B queue programs will be contacted to explore the possibility of using the long red camera for their science instead. (See this page for a comparison of GNIRS' cameras and capabilities.)
02 August 2012
GNIRS is now in pieces in the instrument lab at the Hilo Base Facility. Many mechanisms, switches, cables etc. have been inspected, adjusted and fixed, and the new filters have been installed in the filter wheels. As the camera barrel was being dismantled for the lens replacement a few days ago, the engineers noticed a small crack in the edge of one of the lenses in the short red camera (used for work in the thermal IR). We are currently exploring the options (stoning out the crack, using the lens as is, procuring a new lens, or putting in a dummy lens until GNIRS can be opened again). A decision will be made once we have a good idea of the risks of these options and the schedule implications and effect on science use with the instrument.
08 June 2012
GNIRS has now been dismounted and will soon be transported to Hilo for a period of upgrade and maintenance work. We expect to see GNIRS on the telescope again towards the end of 2012.
25 May 2012
Having been removed from the telescope to allow a laser AO run, and more cold head work, GNIRS is now back on and being used for queue observations again. We will dismount the instrument on June 07 to start preparations for the replacement of the lenses with radioactive coatings, installation of new filters, and other maintenance work. As stated in the 2012B call for proposals, we anticipate that GNIRS will be available again in December.
13 April 2012
GNIRS was remounted on the telescope last night and is now being used for science with the peripheral wavefront sensor. Unusual vibrations continue to affect image quality with Altair, and work continues to understand the problem.
02 April 2012
Still working on the cooling system. We hope to be back on the sky around April 12th, but this depends on receiving parts from the mainland in time. After that, GNIRS and NIRI may alternate on the telescope as vibrations from GNIRS' cold heads affected AO performance last time GNIRS was mounted. This depends on the performance observed once GNIRS is back, though.
08 March 2012
The recent GNIRS cooling system issues are now known to have been caused by a shipment of contaminated helium. A warmup will start tomorrow in order to avoid potential damage to the cold heads. We expect that GNIRS will be out of use for two weeks, most of which is the time required to warm and cool the instrument. Due to a prolonged spell of poor weather on Mauna Kea, very little GNIRS spectroscopy has been obtained since the previous round of engineering work.
02 March 2012
GNIRS is cold again and being used for science observations. While the cooling performance and temperature are now close to normal, some fairly small instabilities remain. If further work on the instrument and cooling system turn out to be necessary, it will be announced here.
13 February 2012
GNIRS is currently being warmed up for work on the cold heads, whose performance started to deteriorate this weekend. As it takes several days to warm and cool GNIRS, we expect that the instrument will be unavailable for about 2 weeks. Details of Gemini-N instrument configurations and availability are updated daily and can be found on this web page.
1 February 2012
GNIRS has been used routinely for queue and classical observations at Gemini North for over a year now. The OT library and many of the web pages have been updated based on the experiences of the GNIRS support team and GNIRS users in the community over that time. The latest version of the Gemini IRAF package also contains a number of bug fixes and improvements. User feedback continues to be welcome. Recently, the Gemini Science and Technology Advisory Committee recommended that GNIRS be opened for maintenance and improvements during the second half of 2012. More details about that work will be made available as the planning progresses.
2 February 2011
The automatic wavelength calibration task (nsappwave) in the new version of the GNIRS DR package fails to work on some data. An updated version of the nsprepare task, which will fix this problem, will be released shortly. Users are encouraged to contact us via the helpdesk for assistance in the meantime.
13 January 2011
The data reduction software needed by GNIRS North PIs is now available to download. Science data reduction with the software has been evaluated for a limited subset of GNIRS' many observing modes, and this should be considered a preliminary, "beta" version of the package. User feedback on the software and its documentation is encouraged.
22 December 2010
System Verification programs are being observed during normal queue observing, as are some 2010B NIRI spectroscopy programs that have been converted to GNIRS. However, poor weather during the second half of December in Hawaii has severely restricted observations. Unfortunately the unsettled weather is currently expected to continue for at least another week. GNIRS will remain on the telescope January 11; it will be back in mid-February. In general GNIRS is behaving as expected; however there has been a significant increase in the rate of occurrence and magnitude of spurious "electronic patterns" appearing on the output data. A python script that effectively removes most or all of the pattern has been developed. Information on this and other current GNIRS problems and issues is available.
19 November 2010
PIs of System Verification proposals were notified about the status of their proposals on November 13. The proposals that have been accepted for SV are listed here.
10 November 2010
The decisions on SV proposals have been delayed until the end of this week (Nov 12). Water ice absorption is indeed no longer present in the spectroscopic optical path in GNIRS. Thus we believe that the entire L band (2.8-4.2µm) will be available for science.
1 November 2010
A total of 43 proposals requesting nearly 300 hours of System Verification time were received. The oversubscription factor is at least 2.5 (given that the weather during the SV time probably will not be good all of the time). We intend to inform PIs of the decisions regarding their proposals on November 10. Meanwhile, in the lab at the summit, GNIRS has been flushed with N2 gas multiple times and also has been warmed while being pumped - all in an attempt to remove H2O, which likes to adhere to surfaces. Vacuum pumping now results in a much lower pressure in the instrument than prior to previous coolings in Hawaii. Thus we are optimistic that there will be much less 3 water-ice absorption in the optical path than previously. Cooling of the instrument begins this week and we expect to know the answer in the following week.
4 October 2010
Gemini is now accepting proposals for GNIRS System Verification. Twelve nights are nominally available, nominally eight near the end of Semester 2010B and four near the beginning of Semester 2011A. The deadline for proposal submission is October 25 at midnight, Hawaii time. Guidelines are given in the call for proposals.
23 September 2010
The current phase of GNIRS commissioning has been completed and GNIRS is being removed from the telescope today. Problems with the cooling system prevented GNIRS from reaching its optimum operating temperature during the September commissioning period; however the instrument was cold enough that all commissioning tasks not involving further sensitivity tests were done. The most important findings from the September on-telescope tests are: (1) GNIRS+LGSAO is viable and straightforward, and should produce the same data quality as GNIRS+NGSAO; (2) when using AO the 10 l/mm grating appears to be the cause of the additional degradation of spectroscopic image quality over and above that seen in GNIRS' imaging mode (see the 30 August update below); the degradation is not present or is only marginally present with the other two gratings.
During the next two months Gemini engineers will replace the problematic cooling heads on GNIRS and, once warm, the dewar will be pumped on for a long period of time in an attempt to remove remnant water vapor that condensed on cold optics and prevented observations at 2.8-3.2µm in August and September. It has been decided that all "invasive" engineering (e.g., rotating the detector, exchanging some of the camera lenses that have radioactive AR coatings with newly acquired non-radioactive replacements) will be deferred to mid-2011. The principal tasks for the science team in the next two months are to continue to characterize and understand the commissioning data, provide information to the Data Processing and Development group to allow the GNIRS data reduction package to be implemented, update the OT Library so that it is ready for PhaseII file creation in December, and advertise, prepare for, and begin carrying out the System Verification (SV) process. SV observations will likely take place between early December 2010 and late March 2011.
30 August 2010
Further analysis of commissioning data has shown the best achieved spectral FWHM to be approx. 0.15" (adaptive optics), 0.45" (JHK natural seeing) and 0.35" (LM natural seeing) in excellent seeing. This is not as good as expected given the weather conditions (IQ20) and the performance of the GNIRS optics as measured using arc lamp spectra through the internal pinhole mask. We have identified several lines of investigation, which will be pursued when the instrument is cold again. The IQ in acquisition images has been somewhat better than in the spectroscopic modes (typically ~0.12" with AO and ~0.35 - 0.4" with the short cameras in very good seeing), so slit losses are not expected to be excessive. At this time we encourage prospective users to be conservative when writing their proposals, and not assume IQ better than stated above.
27 August 2010
On the night of 23 August the GNIRS decker drive became stuck; attempts on August 24 to move it were unsuccessful. On 25 August the engineers began warming up the instrument. The plan is to make a rapid repair of the drive and re-cool the instrument so that commissioning can continue before GNIRS is removed from the telescope on September 21 for more extensive engineering work in October and November.
The decker failure occurred prior to testing GNIRS with laser guide star adaptive optics (LGSAO) and prior to our understanding and perhaps achieving the best possible performance with NGSAO. Consequently, if AO is offered in 2011A it may limited to NGSAO and the promised performance, in particular image quality, may be conservative.
22 August 2010
The second period of on-telescope nighttime commissioning began on 16 August and is proceeding well. The GNIRS Science Team is well on its way to commissioning almost all observing modes that do not use the OIWFS, including all gratings and cameras, NGSAO (natural guide star adaptive optics), and (hopefully later this week) LGSAO (laser guide star adaptive optics). Assuming that things continue to go well, GNIRS will be offered in Semester 2011A in many observing modes. In addition, should things continue to go well GNIRS will be offered to the PI's of NIRI 2010B spectroscopy programs in Bands 1, 2, and 3. GNIRS will not be used for poor weather programs in 2010B.
GNIRS problem areas identified to date are as follows.
- The decker drive continues to get stuck occasionally. Should this situation worsen it will be necessary to warm up the instrument.
- The internal mirror used for acquisition does not go into position reproducibly. Until this is fixed it will result in longer acquisition times for placing targets in slits.
- Flexure and long-term guiding accuracy, as well as the ability to perform accurate blind offsets (e.g., to very faint targets) have yet to be fully evaluated and fully tested.
- Because of problems and long time delays in procuring camera lenses with durable non-radioactive coatings, GNIRS is currently outfitted with its original lenses which have radioactive coatings. These lenses, and in particular the ones in the short focal length cameras, produce considerable numbers of spikes on the detector array, covering typically 3x3 pixels.
- Water-ice has condensed on one or more optical elements in the instrument and is absorbing all incoming light in the wavelength range 2.80-3.25 microns. It renders the short wavelength portion of the L band unusable.
- The detector is tilted by approximately 1 degree, which results in lines of constant wavelength being tilted on the array by the same amount.
It is currently expected that GNIRS will be warmed up in mid September and that at least some of these problems will be addressed, before it is cooled down and put back on the telescope in late November.
The GNIRS ITC (integration time calculator) is undergoing modifications and, although usable, is not fully tested. See the caveat at the top of the ITC webpage. We expect that the ITC will be fully tested and accurate for use on September 1.
28 July 2010
The first phase of on-telescope commissioning of GNIRS took place during July 16-22. All indications are that the instrument performed approximately as expected in its non-AO mode. Sensitivity measurements based on observations of stars,with integration times ranging from a few minutes to about 30 minutes, indicate that the instrument is very close to meeting the predictions of the ITC. More rigorous tests of sensitivity will be made during the second commissioning run, which likely will begin on or about August 9. The performance in AO (NGS) mode also will be tested thoroughly then (only preliminary tests with AO have been made so far, with no show-stoppers found). The only major concern with the mechanisms is with the decker drive, which got stuck occasionally during the first commissioning phase. If it and all other mechanisms continue to work, we expect that the August commissioning will demonstrate that the instrument is performing satisfactorily at all wavelengths and resolutions, with and without AO. If so, the instrument will be offered in the normal manner for queue science in Semester 2011A, with System Verification science observations also solicited following the August commissioning and probably scheduled in the middle of Semester 2010B.
8 July 2010
GNIRS has been transported to Mauna Kea and currently is sitting on the Gemini North observing floor. The instrument passed its acceptance tests in early June, but administrative issues, mostly related to obtaining insurance, resulted in a delay in transporting it to the summit.
It is currently expected that cooling will begin tomorrow or on the weekend, and that on-telescope commissioning will commence on July 16. A ~2 week down-time for unrelated engineering work on Gemini North will begin on or about July 21; commissioning will pause then. The first stage of commissioning, prior to the shutdown, will concentrate on the basics of getting everything working and testing acquisition, nodding, spatial and spectral image quality, and obtaining an initial estimate of sensitivity. Commissioning will resume on or about August 5. The goal remains to obtain sufficient information about the (hopefully excellent) performance of GNIRS by late August to offer it in Semester 2011A in many of what we expect will be the most popular observing modes (including NGS AO).
27 May 2010
The third cold cycle of GNIRS is nearly completed. The thermal short and vacuum leak were repaired and the detector temperature is stable at 28.0 K, believed to be at or close to the optimum operating temperature. In most respects GNIRS is operating very well. Although there remains much to do to understand and optimize performance and to integrate the instrument with the telescope, there appear to be be no show stoppers to making GNIRS available to the community soon. GNIRS is scheduled to begin formal acceptance testing next week. The plan thereafter is to warm up the instrument, prepare for shipping, transport it to the telescope, reassemble it, cool down, and to complete the acceptance tests and begin on-telescope commissioning during a two week period beginning on about July 6. A second commissioning period is likely to take place in late August or September. The intention remains to advertise the instrument in September for Semester 2011A in a limited number of observing modes and to undertake System Verification science observations late in Semester 2010B. Because of the difficulty and long delay (hopefully now nearing an end) in procuring reliable replacement lenses with non-radioactive coatings, GNIRS will be operated at least for the next few months and probably into 2011A with old spare lenses that have radioactive coatings; these are likely to cause considerable number of spikes in data that are obtained using the short focal length cameras.
23 April 2010
The second cold test of GNIRS in Hilo took place during the first two weeks of April. The most notable new accomplishments were the demonstration that the OIWFS detector and the science detector are now confocal and the completion of flexure tests for both detectors. Those data are currently being analyzed. The cold tests were limited due to (1) a thermal short in GNIRS which resulted in an elevated (by ~20K) science detector temperature and (2) a vacuum leak. As far as we can determine the science detector and all four cameras are performing as expected but much more rigorous tests will be needed during the ensuing cold test cycle, now scheduled to start in early May. Because of the need for this third cold-cycle in Hilo, the on-telescope commissioning has been moved back and will start no earlier than June 23.
19 March 2010
Reassembly of GNIRS is under way; it was delayed by problems with other Gemini instrument that required considerable effort by engineering staff. It is currently expected that the second period of cold tests, lasting ~3 weeks, will begin around April 1. If all goes well the instrument will be mounted on the telescope on 3 June and 80 hours of on-sky commissioning will take place during 3-23 June.
16 February 2010
Optical realignment of the OIWFS optics is proceeding. The position of the detector is being moved in x and y to put it better on axis and in z so that it and the science detector can be remotely adjusted to be confocal, which was not possible during the first cold test. In addition the thermal coupling of of the OIWFS detector is being improved. The current engineering schedule has the second cold test in Hilo starting approximately the second week of March. The science team currently is planning the testing that it will carry out while the instrument is cold.
1 February 2010
In November-December 2009, GNIRS underwent its first cold tests in the Gemini laboratory at Hilo. Three of the four cameras, all of the gratings and cross-dispersed prisms, and all filters were functional. An engineering grade array was used. The performance of the instrument was generally good. In particular the image quality and spectral resolution are improved over the instrument's previous performance. Flexure of the optics associated only with spectroscopy is at a satisfactorily low level; unfortunately it was impossible to determine whether the additional flexure that was observed is associated with the mounting of the external light source or the GNIRS fore-optics. Initial tests of the OIWFS were promising but showed that further optical alignment is required. Some of the cameras contained old optics with radioactive AR coatings, which we anticipate will be replaced by non-radioactive versions in the future. Procurement of these new optics continues to be a concern.
The next cold test is scheduled for March in Hilo. It is planned that the science grade array will be installed, that working versions of all four cameras will be installed, and that improvements to the OIWFS will be completed. Numerous small engineering tasks will also have been completed by then.
Currently, GNIRS is scheduled for the first stage of re-commissioning on the Gemini North Telescope in June 2010. Although GNIRS will not be offered for normal queue and classical observing in 2010B, it is expected to be offered for Science Verification observations during the latter part of the 2010B. To that end a special call for proposals would be issued early in 2010B. Potential applicants for SV science should continue to monitor this space.
Previous News Items
11 June 2009
The completion of the repair of GNIRS has been further set back, mainly by ongoing problems with the stability of anti-reflection coatings on some of the replacement optics. System Verification is now planned for Semester 2010A. Potential applicants for SV science should continue to monitor this space.
A science grade detector for GNIRS has been identified and is being purchased.
16 February 2009
The completion of the repairs to GNIRS has been modestly set back largely by recent degradations of a few critical optical components and delays in the delivery of a few repaired and replacement optics. As of 2009 February it is expected that following lab tests of GNIRS in mid-Semester 2009A, on-telescope re-commissioning of GNIRS on Gemini North will begin in the final 1-2 months of Semester 2009A. Assuming this proceeds well, there will be a call early in Semester 2009B for GNIRS System Verification proposals; it is expected that approximately two weeks of Gemini North time in 2009B will be devoted to successful proposals.
Status of GNIRS as of June 2008.
The following news items contain information about the overheating incident which has led to GNIRS being temporarily removed from use:
15 May 2007
Further details on recovery plan
14 May 2007
Recovering from the GNIRS overheating incident
12 Dec 2005
Upgrade Results, New Instrument Scientist and Other News
During 3rd quarter 2005, GNIRS underwent major servicing, including replacement of the thorium-coated lenses on the short camera that produced radiation events on the detector, installation of a broader and more sensitive cross-dispersed filter and two additional narrowband filters for acquisition.
7 Dec 2004
NGO Phase II and Status Update for 2005A
2 Jan 2004
Announcement of System Verification Opportunities for first GNIRS modes sent to National Offices.
12 Dec 2003
GNIRS mounted on side port 5 on Gemini-South telescope and sees first twilight [image]
3 Nov 2003
GNIRS is unpacked on Cerro Pachon [image]
24 Oct 2003
GNIRS leaves NOAO Tucson after successful completion of pre-ship Acceptance testing [image]


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Pick a tape, measure the circumference of your head from the front hairline, behind your ear, to the nape of your neck, to your other ear and then back to the front hairline. Write down your measurement then consult the table and find your size.
Q8:How can I purchase right wig if I am new to wigs?
We have new buyer guild, you can open the link to follow the steps to buy what you want. How To Buy A Wig?
Wigs Related Questions
Q1:Can I dye, style or cut the hair?
The human hair can be dyed, colored, styled or cut. The synthetic hair can be styled or cut. But, we advise you choose the right wigs you want. Dying, coloring or too much will ruin the hair and shorten the life span of the wig. If you still
want to do so, go to the salon, and hair dresser can get the results you want.
Q2:Can I use the curling iron on wigs?
Human hair wigs can use the curling iron. Heat friendly (or heat resistant) synthetic wigs can be styled with heated styling tools. At imwigs, we have heat friendly wigs collection, you can check more.
Q3:Is the hair Shedding?
All hair gets shedding it's just the difference of more or less, even our own hair sheds, right? You can use the wig comb and care well to keep great.
Q4:The difference of basic cap, lace cap and monofilment cap construction.
At imwigs.com, three cap constructions are offered.You can read more to know more differences. Basic cap , lace cap and monofilment cap construction.
Q5:Color Difference
It is normal because of different monitors. We will try our best to show the realistic conditions of the products in different lights.You can look at our real shots.
Q6:Can I wear the wig in kitchen?
Yes,you can.However, never open the oven while wearing a synthetic wig! The sudden burst of heat will ruin your wigs,especially when the hot steam from a boiling pot of water can also cause irreparable damage. So swap your wig for a stylish scarf or a comfy cap.
Q7:About combing
a.Use a smooth-edged wide-toothed comb
b.Avoid brushing the hair when it's wet always
c.When detangling your hair ,start with the bottom of the extension and work your way up to reduce pulling at the hair.
Q8:I love the look of your curly. Are they easy to style?
Simply give your beauty wig a shake then finger style or use a pick comb to gently lift and separate tight curls and ringlets. Never brush as it could damage the hair fibers. Add a touch of styling gel to the ends for even more definition and shine.
Q9: What is the difference between human hair and synthetic hair?
You can click the link to read more Human Hair Wigs Vs. Synthetic Wigs
Q10:What kind of wigs suitable for cancer patients?
The human hair and soft cap designs and hairpieces are great choices for cancer patients. We set up a collection for hair loss or cancer patients. Visit hair loss collection now!
Q11:How long is my wig lifespan?
About 6 months. It can keep longer if cared well.
About Our Site
Q1:Are you in USA?
Yes,we have USA office. And we have two warehouses, USA and China. But we mainly do marking through network, so there is no store.
Q2:Why are most of your wigs more reasonable than other sites?
First, our founder bulids factories in China and ,where we design, manufacture and sell since 2015. Picking carefully high-quality material from Japan, Korea etc. whatever they are, synthetic, caps or human hair. We also is a supplier for most other sites. Our founder said hope every women can get beauty and confidence at reasonable price.
Q3:Can I find you on social media?
Yes! We would love for you to 'Like Us' or 'Follow Us' on Instagram, Facebook, YouTube, Tiktok and Pinterest. We offer popaular and useful videos and special promotions and updates through these social media outlets.
Care Instructions
Q1:How to care a synthetic wig?
You can click this link to know more How To Care A Synthetic Wig
Q2:How to wear a wig?
(1).Hold your wig at the nape (where the label is) with both hands.
(2).With your head tilted forward slightly, position the wig above your eyebrows and slip the wig on to your head, starting from front to back in a forwards-backwards motion.
(3).Now, push the front of the wig toward the back, until it's placed slightly under your natural hairline.
(4).Using the ear tabs found on both sides of the wig, centre the wig by placing the tabs in front of the ears, but be sure not to cover them!
(5).Adjust the wig according to the kind of part you want to achieve – some wigs have pre-made partings that you can't change, so you will have to play around with it until you get to your desired style.
(6).Secure your wig using wig tape, a wig gripper, a headband, wig clips, or bobby pins to prevent your wig from slipping.
(7).Once you feel comfortable with your wig's position, you can tidy the look by tucking in stray hairs and voila! If the wig feels tight or too loose, use the adjustable tabs at the back of the wig to fit the wig to your head.
Q3:How to wash a wig?
(1).Wash and condition the hair regularly.(once a week or once two weeks)
(2)Detangle hair gently before washing. Do not rub or twist the hair.
(3)Add mild shampoo to cool water and swish hair till clean. Rinse thoroughly.
(4)Blot out excess water with towel and allow the hair to dry naturally. Do not expose to sun.
(5)Comb curly hair gently with your fingers. Do not brush.
(6)Brush straighter hair in downward motion straight with the ends. Work your way up to the roots.
(7)Certain items should not be brushed.EG braids, DOME, etc. Consult your hair stylist if in doubt.
(8)Hair may tangles if general care directions are not followed properly.
Q4:How to store a wig?
If you want your wigs keep well without tangling or shedding, there are some tips to help you. First, you must wash the wig that is everyday wear these days, and avoid the hair spray or something else ruin it, meanwhile, it is necessary to have something, such as(wig stand, wig holder, wig bag, wig hanger). Finally, pick your wig into your closet or similar places.
Q5:How to style a wig?
Your fingertips and a spray of cold water are essential styling tools. Use only brush and combs that are designed for wigs.To completely restyle your wig, we recommend taking your wig to a professional stylist or wig salon.
Q6:How to cut your Wig?
As well designed as our wigs and hair pieces are, but it can be cut and shaped by a professional hair stylist to customize the look with your face shape. Often, a little trim on the bangs and a little thinning here or there can make all the difference.
Discounts and Codes
Q1:Do you offer discounts?
Yes, we often offer promotional discounts, usually in the form of coupon codes. Promotional discounts will be displayed on our website, emailed to email@example.com,messages etc. If you want to know more discounts and sale, you can contact us by chat with us,email or phone.
Q2:Where do I enter the "Promotion Code" when I am checking out on the website?
When you enter into the cart or checkout page at the bottom of it, under the order summary,the bottom portion (yellow rectangle) is where you should enter the promo code and then click "apply."
Q3:Can I use multiple discount codes at once?
No, you can only use one and use the largest code.
Q4:Why do I not see the discount or promotion deducted from my order when I am ready to check out?
When you enter the discount code, the system will automatically calculate and display the discounted price and the amount of savings. If not, pls contact us freely by email or phone.
Q5:What should I do if I forget to use the discount code?
Sorry, the discount code must be used before checkout. After checkout, we will receive the order information and start stocking up.
Shipping and Delivery
Q1:How long does it take to ship an order?
We will deal with all of our orders one by one. Most of wigs are in stock, we will ship your order in 24 hours.
But, it is inevitable that some products are out of stock.According to different products, there are different processing times.You can see more details as followings:
Standard (basic cap)Order: It will take 7-10 days.
Lace Front Wigs Order: It will take 10-15 days.
Monofilament Wigs Order: It will take 18-25 days.
Full Lace Wigs Order: It will take 20-30 working days.
Q2:Do you provide free shipping worldwide?
Yes, at I'm wigs,we offer free shipping on order over $50. In U.S.A , Canada and most of Europe countries. Besides, pay for $19.99 shipping fee to any countries all over the world.
Q3:What should I do if I want to receive my order quickly?
You can choose Fedex,DHL logistics company and write down a note , we will fast the process.
Q4:How long is the delivery time?
We offer 2 options to delivery your parcel.
①Free Shipping(Over50$)
(10—15 Working Days)
②FedEx Standard Shipping(5—7 Working Days)Fee:15.99$
DHL Standard Shipping
(3—5 Working Days) Fee:19.99$
Q5: What holidays are observed and will this affect shipping of my package?
The logistics companies does not work on holidays and weekends, and only delivers parcels on working days.
We devote ourselvies to offering great products and best customer service. Hope you get more beauty an confidence from imwigs.com. More questions, contact us freely, we will give you a reply in 24 hours.
Contact Us:
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Tel: +1 323 900 0507
Wig's Care
A good wig can bring you more. If you give it better care, it can not only extend its life, but also maintain its beauty.
We have carefully prepared care knowledge for different hair types and fibers. You can open the corresponding link to read or watch the video to learn more.
How To Care A Synthetic Wig
How to Care A Human Hair Wig
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What is Mold?
Mold is a common fungus that is found everywhere, but when mold spores have access to a warm and damp environment, mold can multiply and spread quickly in your home. Any home or business can quickly become infested with mold with the introduction of a water source, like a roof or plumbing leak. Mold can spread throughout a property in as little as 48-72 hours, and can produce allergens and irritants that have the potential to cause other health effects. This mold can potentially damage the structure and walls of your home weakening the homes integrity.
Black mold (or "toxic black mold") is an unofficial term often used to refer to molds that produce mycotoxins. There is no actual black mold species, but the term often references Stachybotrys chartarum, which has a greenish-black color. This type of mold damage can be hazardous to your health and may weaken the structure of your home. We recommend getting a Marshfield, MA mold inspection to determine the extent of damage and testing to determine the type of mold. We provide professional mold removal services for your home or business in Marshfield, Massachusetts
Mold Removal vs Mold Remediation in Marshfield, MA
Many people may not realize that mold growth can be very dangerous to your home and your health. If you have been experiencing an increase in allergies, headaches or sinus issues, you could have a potential mold infestation in your home. When faced with an outbreak of mold in your home or business, you should always consult a mold remediation specialist like Action 1 Restoration that provides 24/7 emergency mold removal services in Marshfield, MA. The main difference between mold removal and mold remediation is that removal is just one of the steps in a larger complex process of mold cleanup and prevention. Our partner teams of licensed and insured technicians are able to help you get rid of mold once and for all using an industry standard process that is effective. Call our team today to discuss our advanced mold removal Marshfield solutions and services. Our goal is to prevent additional damage by having a fast response time and our trained specialists make sure the process is done properly the first time.
What Determines the Cost of Mold Mitigation?
There are several factors that will determine the cost of the mold remediation project, but it is hard to give you an estimate over the phone. Our local team needs to be able to assess how large the infestation is and the rooms affected in order to determine the amount of mold damage involved. Our team does provide free mold remediation estimates, but you will also need a mold inspection and testing done. Here are some of the items that determine the cost in regards to mold removal in Marshfield, MA:
- Cause of the Mold - Mold usually is a symptom of water damage or a pipe leak. Does the area need water removal or water damage restoration and repairs?
- Size of the area affected - The amount of mold and the rooms affected. The larger amount of mold in different rooms, behind the walls, in the attic or ventilation system will require additional work, materials and cleaning.
- Repair and remodeling - The materials needed to repair and remodel after the mold has been cleaned up. This step needs to be performed to return your home back to its original condition.
Mold can affect any room, but rooms that are more susceptible to infestation are typically: bathrooms, kitchens, basements, attics and walls. These areas will typically have plumbing pipes behind the walls or appliances that use water. These pipes and appliances could have a major or minor slow leak over time that provides mold the moisture it needs to grow and multiply.
How Our 6 Step Quality Restoration Process Works
What Is the Mold Abatement Process?
Mold mitigation and abatement will vary depending on your situation and will be determined by the extent of the infestation. We use a 6 step process in Marshfield, MA as demonstrated above, but the following remediation process is a little more in depth step-by-step guide of the abatement process. Our highly recommended certified professionals utilize different chemical brands and equipment to aid in mold removal, but the scope of the work and steps taken should be similar for removal, disinfection and prevention. We want to make sure we deliver the best possible results for mold remediation that is safe and effective.
- Initial Mold Assessment & Testing - Determine the affected areas, size of the infestation, type of mold and develop the best mold removal plan
- Containment Barriers - Seal off the areas where mold is present to prevent the spread into other areas and rooms.
- Air Filtration & HEPA Vacuum - Using high-efficiency HEPA air filtration to clean the air and stop active airborne spores. HEPA vacuums are used to remove mold spores from the surfaces in the contaminated areas.
- Demolition & Removal - Remove and dispose of items that are not salvageable
- Mold Removal - Remove mold and mold roots
- Scrub, Clean & Disinfection - All mold on surfaces and walls needs to be scrubbed, cleaned and disinfected
- Re-HEPA Vacuum & Prevention - The affected areas needs to be re-vacuumed using HEPA certified vacuums to ensure any remaining mold spores or roots
- Restoration, Repair and Cleanup - Repair and remodel of the home to restore your home back to its pre-loss condition, additional testing to make sure the indoor air quality is safe
Once the remediation process is completed and the source of water repaired, we highly recommend following a good plan to keep your homes moisture levels within acceptable conditions will help ensure you do not experience a mold re-occurrence in the future.
Major Insurance Companies Our Local Locations Work With
Frequently Asked Questions
What if I rent my home in Marshfield?
If you are renting your home, apartment or condo, you need to get in touch with the homeowner and have them call us. Legally without the homeowners or commercial building owners consent, we can not enter the premises and provide any work in your home or office. Once the property owner reaches out to our local team, we can start the damage restoration process immediately to restore the property.
Does homeowners insurance cover mold?
Depending on your insurance company, the cause of the mold problem and your insurance policy will determine if insurance covers mold remediation. We try to work with your insurance company to get the damage covered, but your insurance provider will be able to instruct you on if it is covered or not. Our technicians will take before and after pictures of the site to help submit the claim to your insurance company.
Do you have offices near me?
Yes, we have local staff and contractors near you in Marshfield.
Action 1 Restoration provides emergency services 24 hours a day, 7 days a week for residential and commercial properties. If you are experiencing any type of mold disaster, our highly trained team can help you with some of the best solutions. Please get in touch with our mold removal pros today.
Mold Inspections & Testing in Marshfield
A thorough inspection of your home and the mold growth in it will tell you whether or not you need to get Action 1 Restoration's Phoenix mold remediation to take a look. If you suspect you have a mold problem, it is a good idea to take the time to get a mold inspection done and then if mold is found to have mold testing done. After your Phoenix home has sustained a significant amount of water damage that has been cleaned up, it is a good idea to have your home inspected for any potential mold damage threats.
Additional Resources and Articles:


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WotY Nominations
Long-term readers will know that we have (at least) two Words of the Year here at SbaCL, and nominations are open for both categories as of now:
1. Best AmE-to-BrE importThe word doesn't have to have been imported into the other dialect in 2012, but it should have come into its own in some way in the (popular culture of the) other dialect this year. I retain the editor's privilege of giving other random awards on a whim.
2. Best BrE-to-AmE import
Please nominate your favo(u)rites and give arguments for their WotY-worthiness in the comments to this post. It might be helpful to see my reasoning on why past words were WotY worthy and other nominations weren't. Click on the WotY tag in order to visit times gone by.
Vote early and often! I plan to announce the winners in the week before Christmas.
Untranslatables II
Last year, as a birthday treat to myself, I declared October to be Untranslatables Month, which meant that I tweeted an expression that was unique to one dialect or another, in that its meaning was not captured by an expression in the other dialect. This year, I did it again, but made the job easier on myself by deciding not to tweet on weekends. Here's a summary of the 'untranslatables' I tweeted. In some cases, you can follow links to places where I (or someone) have discussed them in more detail.
- BrE lie-in (noun). The act of staying in bed later in the morning than usual. Sleeping not required, but lazing is. Example: 'The family was away, so I had a lie-in on Saturday as an early birthday treat.' (AmE & BrE both have sleeping in for when one sleeps late.)
- AmE cater-corner, kitty-corner, catty-corner (regional variations), adj & adv, meaning 'diagonally opposite to'. Example: 'I live kitty-corner to the bordello'.
- BrE builder's tea. Very strong (hot, of course), basic (i.e. not a special cultivar/flavo[u]r) tea with milk and lots of sugar. The 'lots of sugar' part is in most definitions for it, but some of my correspondents don't consider 'sweet' to be a necessary feature.
- AmE Nielsen rating. The television rating system that determines advertising rates, used figuratively as a measure of popularity. Example: 'When you give babies a choice of what to listen to, a kind of baby Nielsen rating, they choose to listen to mothers talking to infants' (from The Scientist in the Crib).
- BrE It's not cricket. 'It shouldn't happen because it's not fair/proper'. Occasionally heard in AmE too.
- AmE poster child. Figuratively, an emblematic case of something, esp. a cause. Originally a child on posters promoting a charity. This one has come into BrE--as untranslatables often do (because they're useful). In the US, it's especially associated w/the (US) Muscular Dystrophy Association, which is also responsible for the US's longest-running charity telethon. It's interesting how different diseases are 'big' in terms of fundraising in different countries...
- BrE overegged describes something that is ruined by too much effort to improve it. From the expression to overegg the pudding.
- AmE hump day. Wednesday, but with the recognition that it's a milestone on the way to the weekend. Though it's heard a bit on the radio in the UK, I'm not sure it'd work well in BrE because of interference from BrE get the hump (='get annoyed, grumpy'). (The sexual meaning of hump is present in both dialects.)
- BrE bumf = a collective term for loose printed material/paperwork (forms, pamphlets, letters) that's deemed to be unnecessary. It comes from old slang for 'toilet paper': bumfodder. Example: 'The hallway is littered with election bumf that's come through the door.'
- AmE earthy-crunchy (noun or adj), Having 'hippie', 'tree-hugging' tendencies. Synonym = granola.
- BrE white van man. I mentioned it on the blog here, but there's more about it here. Though I've read of white van man making it to the US, white vans are much more common and much more associated with skilled manual trade in UK. Some American correspondents had assumed it meant serial killer or child molester, which is not usually the intended meaning in BrE.
- AmE antsy. 1. fidgety and impatient, 2. nervous, apprehensive. Has been imported to UK somewhat, but mostly in sense 1.
- AmE visit with. To chat with someone, especially if you're having a good catch-up.
- BrE for England. To a great extent. Example: 'He can talk for England'. There's no for America in this sense, but in South Africa, for Africa is used in the same way. And perhaps elsewhere. So, 'untranslatable' to AmE.
- AmE soccer mom or hockey mom (regional). A (middle-class) mother who spends much time ferrying kids to practice.
- BrE sorted (adj & interjection): Most basically, it means something like it's all sorted out. 'My blog post? It's sorted!' But its meaning has extended so that can mean, of a person, basically 'having one's shit together'. Example: 'With all my new year('s) resolutions, I'm certain I'll be fit and sorted by April'. Collins also has it as meaning 'possessing the desired recreational drugs'. Deserves a blog post of its own.
- AmE freshman/sophomore/junior/senior. Names of the people in the 1st/2nd/3rd/4th years of secondary (high) school and undergraduate degrees. Fresher is used somewhat for university 1st years in UK, but generally the university years do not have (universally applied) special names in the UK.
- BrE gubbins. To quote the Collins English Dictionary: 1. an object of little or no value2. a small device or gadget3. odds and ends; litter or rubbish4. a silly person
- AmE to tailgate. To have a party where food/drink served frm a vehicle's tailgate. Mentioned in this old post. (Both dialects have the meaning 'to drive too closely behind a car'.)
- BrE for my sins = 'as if it were a punishment'. Often used to mark a 'humblebrag'. Example (from the British National Corpus): 'I happen for my sins to have been shadow Chancellor since the last election in 1987.'
- AmE the (academic) honor code. Ethical guidelines that students must follow. Of course, UK univeristies have ethical guidelines for students, but there's not really a term that covers them all, like honor code does. Also, US honor codes typically require that students turn in other students whom they know to be cheating. This does not seem to be as frequently found in UK academic conduct rules.
- BrE locum. Someone who stands in for someone else in a professional context, particularly doctor or clergy member. This is a shortened form of locum tenens, which one does see a bit in AmE medical jargon these days (but not just locum, and not in general use).
Don't forget to leave your WotY nominations in the comments!


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Title: Carl Sandburg papers (Connemara Accession), 1898-1967
Primary Creator: Sandburg, Carl (1878-1967)
Extent: 598.5 Linear Feet
Subjects: Sandburg, Carl, 1878-1967
Languages: English
The "Connemara Transfer" of the Carl Sandburg papers (1898-1962) includes typescripts and corrected galley proofs of Sandburg's works and correspondence (1916-62) with literary and public figures, scholars and admirers about writing, American folk songs, Abraham Lincoln, journalism and lecture tours. The collection also contains a Spanish-American War diary (1898), lectures (1908- 09), recordings and transcriptions of Sandburg's radio broadcasts and lectures and magazine articles and newspaper clippings by and about him. The papers also include Lombard College publications (1898-1902), material concerning the Chicago Daily News (1917-32) and a supporting book collection of approximately 5,000 volumes.
The collection was originally arranged numerically 1 through 468. Sections of the first 152 boxes were rearranged into a material type arrangement through the Save American History Project. For a topic-based finding aid, please go to the following link.
Internationally renowned poet and biographer Carl August Sandburg was born Jan. 6, 1878, the second of seven children to Swedish immigrants August and Clara Anderson Sandburg in Galesburg, Illinois.
After finishing eighth grade, he worked as a milkman, ice harvester, bricklayer, wheat thresher, shoe shiner, soldier, and fireman over a decade. He also traveled as a hobo. His experiences working and traveling greatly influenced his writing and political views.
Sandburg attended Lombard College starting in 1898, and joined its Poor Writers' Club, founded by professor Phillip Green Wright, who encouraged young Sandburg and printed Sandburg's first book of verse, In Reckless Ecstasy in 1904, as well as two additional volumes in 1907 (Incidentals) and 1908 (The Plaint of a Rose).
Sandburg met Lilian Ana "Paula" Steichen at the Wisconsin Social Democratic party headquarters, where he worked as an organizer, and married her in 1908. After marriage, he returned to Illinois and took up journalism.
His poetry was published in 1914 in Poetry Magazine, and he went on to publish more poetry, along with Rootabaga Stories, a book of fanciful children's tales, in 1922. That book prompted Sandburg's publisher to suggest a biography of Lincoln for children. Instead, Sandburg's ensuing three years of research led to a two-volume biography for adults, Abraham Lincoln: The Prairie Years, his first financial success. He next wrote four additional volumes, Abraham Lincoln: The War Years, for which he won the Pulitzer Prize in 1940. Sandburg continued as a prolific writer, publishing more poetry, a novel, Remembrance Rock, a second volume of folk songs, and an autobiography, Always the Young Strangers. His Complete Poems won him a second Pulitzer Prize in 1951. Considered by many as the "Poet of the People," President Lyndon B. Johnson called him "The Voice of America."
Sandburg died July 22, 1967 at his North Carolina home. He was survived by three daughters, Margaret (b. 3 Jun 1911), Janet (b. 27 Jun 1916), and Helga (b. Nov 1918), and preceded in death by Madeline (b. and d. Nov 1913.)
Repository: Rare Book & Manuscript Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Access Restrictions: The collection is open for research.
Use Restrictions:
This collection is the physical property of the Rare Book & Manuscript Library. Intellectual property rights, including copyright, may reside with the materials' creator(s) or their heirs.
The Rare Book & Manuscript Library's reproduction and publication policies are available here. The library welcomes requests for reproductions made from works in our collections, though restrictions may apply to certain materials. Please contact the library with any questions.
Processing Information: https://wiki.cites.uiuc.edu/wiki/display/librare/Home
Other Note: Click here to search the Rare Book & Manuscript Library's Carl Sandburg databases.