text:
Bright Outlook Occupation:
21-1099.00 - Community and Social Service Specialists, All Other
Bright Outlook occupations are expected to grow rapidly in the next several years, will have large numbers of job openings, or are new and emerging occupations.
Every Bright Outlook occupation matches at least one of the following criteria:
- Projected to grow faster than average (employment increase of 10% or more) over the period 2022-2032
- Projected to have 100,000 or more job openings over the period 2022-2032
- New & Emerging occupation
Growth and job openings source: Bureau of Labor Statistics 2022-2032 employment projections. Projected growth represents the estimated change in total employment over the projections period (2022-2032). Projected job openings represent openings due to growth and replacement.
This occupation, Community and Social Service Specialists, All Other, is expected to grow rapidly.


text:
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subset: commoncrawl


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Universal War by Olga Rozanova - Canvas Art Print
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Tassel Worth Hassle Gold Glitter RN Grad Photo Backdrop
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Housing Swansea MA
Housing Data Profile
Basic Needs Assessment
Data Download
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Housing Data Profile
View 258 statistics on demographics, housing cost, supply, and more in a single table.
Compare Swansea to its neighbors, similar cities & towns, the region, and the state.
Export the data profile to CSV.
View data profile
Basic Needs Assessment
Read interpretive text explaining housing trends in Swansea.
View interactive visualizations of six key housing indicators for Swansea.
Provides most of the required data elements for the housing needs assessment section of a housing production plan.
Export the report to Word for inclusion in your Housing Production Plan.
Read needs assessment
Data Download
Download all currently available data points for all cities & towns in the state.
Dig deeper and perform your own analyses.
Includes metadata.
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Happy National Bundt Day!
Happy National Bundt Day!
Happy National Bundt Day!
Happy National Bundt Day!
Happy National Bundt Day!
Thank you sooo much for all your encouragement, twitter notes, logo by JustJenn and most of all, for baking along with me on my quest to spread Bundt love to the world! :)
If you made a Bundt for National Bundt Day, leave me a comment or send an email...I'm going to try to do a round up. It is so exciting to see Bundts popping up around the world!
Can you do me a favor? It is Katrina of Baking and Boys! birthday today! So lucky to have a birthday on National Bundt Day! Pretty please....go over to her blog and wish her a happy birthday!! Thanks!
Here is a recap of the I Like Big Bundts cakes! Click on the title for a link to the post and recipe.
Day 2: Chocolate-Cinnamon Bundt Cake with Mocha Icing
Day 3: Pumpkin-Apple Spiced Bundt
Day 4: Cinnamon Ripple Sweet Potato Bundt
Day 5: Chocolate Zucchini Bundt
Day 6: Cardamom Vanilla Bundt
Day 7: Monkey Bread in a Bundt
Day 8: Pumpkin Chocolate Chip Bundt
Day 9: Coconut Bundt
Day 10: Sweet Potato Bundt
Day 11: Mom's Apple Cake Bundt
Day 12: Meyer Lemon Bundt
Day 13: Candy Corn Jello Bundt
Day 14: Spiced Cranberry Bundt
Day 15: Blueberry-Buttermilk Bundt
Day 16: Nutella Bundt
Day 17: Carrot Walnut Bundt
Day 18: Pear Ginger Bundt
Day 19: Persimmon Bundt
Day 20: Banana Chocolate Marble Bundt
Day 21: Martha Stewart Chocolate Bundt
Day 22: Whipped Cream Bundt
Day 23: Peanut Butter and Chocolate Bundt
Day 24: Brown Sugar and Chocolate Chip Pound Bundt with Maple-Espresso Glaze
Day 25: My Big Fat Greek Yogurt Lemon Bundt
Day 26: Orange Cranberry Bundt
Day 27: Peanut Butter and Jelly Swirl Bundt
Day 28: Matcha Mochi Bundts with Sweetened Red Bean Filling
Day 30: Cinnamon Chocolate Bundt
And for even more bundts click here for a listing of Bundt cakes I've made in the past.
Happy Bundt Day to you!
- mary the food librarian


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text:
4.3. Calling Functions
PostgreSQL allows functions that have named parameters to be called using either positional or named notation. Named notation is especially useful for functions that have a large number of parameters, since it makes the associations between parameters and actual arguments more explicit and reliable. In positional notation, a function call is written with its argument values in the same order as they are defined in the function declaration. In named notation, the arguments are matched to the function parameters by name and can be written in any order. For each notation, also consider the effect of function argument types, documented in Section 10.3 .
In either notation, parameters that have default values given in the function declaration need not be written in the call at all. But this is particularly useful in named notation, since any combination of parameters can be omitted; while in positional notation parameters can only be omitted from right to left.
PostgreSQL also supports mixed notation, which combines positional and named notation. In this case, positional parameters are written first and named parameters appear after them.
The following examples will illustrate the usage of all three notations, using the following function definition:
CREATE FUNCTION concat_lower_or_upper(a text, b text, uppercase boolean DEFAULT false) RETURNS text AS $$ SELECT CASE WHEN $3 THEN UPPER($1 || ' ' || $2) ELSE LOWER($1 || ' ' || $2) END; $$ LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE STRICT;
has two mandatory
. Additionally
there is one optional parameter
which defaults
. The
inputs will be concatenated, and forced to either
upper or lower case depending on the
parameter. The remaining details of this function
definition are not important here (see
Chapter 37
more information).
4.3.1. Using Positional Notation
Positional notation is the traditional mechanism for passing arguments to functions in PostgreSQL . An example is:
SELECT concat_lower_or_upper('Hello', 'World', true); concat_lower_or_upper ----------------------- HELLO WORLD (1 row)
All arguments are specified in order. The result is upper case since
is specified as
Another example is:
SELECT concat_lower_or_upper('Hello', 'World'); concat_lower_or_upper ----------------------- hello world (1 row)
Here, the
parameter is omitted, so it
receives its default value of
, resulting in
lower case output. In positional notation, arguments can be omitted
from right to left so long as they have defaults.
4.3.2. Using Named Notation
In named notation, each argument's name is specified using
to separate it from the argument expression.
For example:
SELECT concat_lower_or_upper(a => 'Hello', b => 'World'); concat_lower_or_upper ----------------------- hello world (1 row)
Again, the argument
was omitted
so it is set to
implicitly. One advantage of
using named notation is that the arguments may be specified in any
order, for example:
SELECT concat_lower_or_upper(a => 'Hello', b => 'World', uppercase => true); concat_lower_or_upper ----------------------- HELLO WORLD (1 row) SELECT concat_lower_or_upper(a => 'Hello', uppercase => true, b => 'World'); concat_lower_or_upper ----------------------- HELLO WORLD (1 row)
An older syntax based on ":=" is supported for backward compatibility:
SELECT concat_lower_or_upper(a := 'Hello', uppercase := true, b := 'World'); concat_lower_or_upper ----------------------- HELLO WORLD (1 row)
4.3.3. Using Mixed Notation
The mixed notation combines positional and named notation. However, as already mentioned, named arguments cannot precede positional arguments. For example:
SELECT concat_lower_or_upper('Hello', 'World', uppercase => true); concat_lower_or_upper ----------------------- HELLO WORLD (1 row)
In the above query, the arguments
are specified positionally, while
is specified by name. In this example,
that adds little except documentation. With a more complex function
having numerous parameters that have default values, named or mixed
notation can save a great deal of writing and reduce chances for error.
Named and mixed call notations currently cannot be used when calling an aggregate function (but they do work when an aggregate function is used as a window function).


text:
Cleveland, AP—The woman's voice was frantic and breathless, and she was choking back tears. "Help me. I'm Amanda Berry," she told a 911 dispatcher. "I've been kidnapped and I've been missing for 10 years and I'm, I'm here, I'm free now."
Those words led police to a house near downtown Cleveland where Berry and two other women who vanished about a decade ago were found Monday, elating family members and friends who had longed to see them again.
Authorities later arrested three brothers, ages 50 to 54. One of them, Ariel Castro, owned the home.
Police Chief Michael McGrath said he thinks Berry, Gina DeJesus and Michelle Knight were held in the house since they were in their teens or early 20s.
A 6-year-old also was found in the home, and Cleveland police Deputy Chief Ed Tomba said Tuesday that the girl is believed to be Berry's daughter. He declined to say who the father was or where the child was born.
The women appeared to be in good health and were taken to a hospital to be evaluated and reunited with relatives. A photo released by Berry's family showed her smiling with an arm around her sister.
All three were released from Metro Health Medical Center on Tuesday morning. Cleveland police Commander Keith Sulzer said the three women were taken to an undisclosed location in the Cleveland suburbs.
A sign outside the home of DeJesus' parents read "Welcome Home Gina."
Her aunt Sandra Ruiz told reporters that she was able to see all three. She asked that the family be given space.
"Those girls, those women are so strong," she said. "What we've done in 10 years is nothing compared to what those women have done in 10 years to survive."
Authorities declined to say whether the women were restrained or if any of them had been sexually assaulted. Police said they were trying to be delicate in their questioning of the women, given the trauma they endured.
Neighbor Juan Perez told NBC's "Today" show that he rarely saw Castro or anyone else at the house.
"I thought the home was vacant. I thought he probably had another property and he would just come and check and see if everything is OK." Perez said. "I didn't even know anybody lived there."
The women's escape and rescue began with a frenzied cry for help.
A neighbor, Charles Ramsey, told WEWS-TV he heard screaming Monday and saw Berry, whom he didn't recognize, at a door that would open only enough to fit a hand through. He said she was trying desperately to get outside and pleaded for help to reach police.
"I heard screaming," he said. "I'm eating my McDonald's. I come outside. I see this girl going nuts trying to get out of a house."
Neighbor Anna Tejeda was sitting on her porch with friends when they heard someone across the street kicking a door and yelling.
Tejeda, 50, said one of her friends went over and told Berry how to kick the screen out of the bottom of the door, which allowed her to get out.
Speaking Spanish, which was translated by one of her friends, Tejeda said Berry was nervous and crying. She was dressed in pajamas and old sandals.
At first Tejeda said she didn't want to believe who the young woman was. "You're not Amanda Berry," she insisted. "Amanda Berry is dead."
But when Berry told her she'd been kidnapped and held captive, Tejeda said she gave her the telephone to call police, who arrived within minutes and then took the other women from the house.
On a recorded 911 call Monday, Berry declared: "I'm Amanda Berry. I've been on the news for the last 10 years."
She said she had been taken by someone and begged for police officers to come to the home on Cleveland's west side before the man returned.
"I've been kidnapped, and I've been missing for 10 years," she told the dispatcher. "And I'm here. I'm free now."
Police said Knight disappeared in 2002 at age 20 and is 32 now. Berry disappeared at age 16 on April 21, 2003, when she called her sister to say she was getting a ride home from her job at a Burger King. About a year later, DeJesus vanished at age 14 on her way home from school.
Berry is now 27, according to the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children. Authorities didn't provide a current age for DeJesus. They were found just a few miles from where they had vanished.
Police identified the three suspects as Ariel Castro, 52; Pedro Castro, 54; and Onil Castro, 50.
Attempts to reach Ariel Castro in jail were unsuccessful Monday. There was no public phone listing for the home, which was being searched by dozens of police officers and sheriff's deputies.
Officials said Tuesday they had no records of anyone calling about criminal activity at the house where three kidnapped women were kept for years before being found. They also had no records of code violations or fire department calls.
Police did go to the house twice in the past 15 years, officials said.
In 2000, before the women vanished, Ariel Castro reported a fight in the street, but no arrests were made, Public Safety Director Martin Flask said. In 2004, officers went to the home after child welfare officials alerted them that Ariel Castro, a school bus driver, apparently left a child unattended on a bus, Flask said. No one answered the door at Castro's house, and police later determined there was no criminal intent, he said.
The women's loved ones said they hadn't given up hope of seeing them again.
A childhood friend of DeJesus, Kayla Rogers, said she couldn't wait to hug her.
"I've been praying, never forgot about her, ever," Rogers told The Plain Dealer newspaper.
Berry's cousin Tasheena Mitchell told the newspaper she couldn't wait to have Berry in her arms.
"I'm going to hold her, and I'm going to squeeze her and I probably won't let her go," she said.
Berry's mother, Louwana Miller, who had been hospitalized for months with pancreatitis and other ailments, died in March 2006. She had spent the previous three years looking for her daughter, whose disappearance took a toll as her health steadily deteriorated, family and friends said.


text:
Schantz Russell Family Library.
- Book Collection
Part of Schantz Russell family fonds.
Included are 19th-century Canadian imprints, books on horticulture, early school textbooks, scarce local imprints, such as the 1886/89 County of Waterloo Gazetteer and Directory and the Assessment Roll of 1897 of the Town of Berlin, and a selection of Victorian literature. There are extensive runs of early 20th-century periodicals, such as The Youth's Companion, St. Nicholas, The Ladies' Home Journal, and the Canadian Forestry Journal. The Schantz/Russell Family library offers a unique insight into the reading habits and the interests and activities of a Canadian family in Berlin, Ontario during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Tobias Schantz (1842-1925) worked as an itinerant book salesman at the end of the 19th century, and more than 40 examples of books known as "salesman's dummies" are present in the collection. These books were made up by the publishers as samples for their salesmen to show to potential customers. Each one displays the most noteworthy features of the book offered for sale, including the table of contents, the illustrations, selections from the text, and examples of the variety of elaborate binding styles available. Blank pages at the end of each sample book were used by the itinerant salesman to record his orders and, in this collection, some of the dummies contain up to as many as 8 pages of hand-written lists of local subscribers to the books that Tobias marketed in his trips around the region.


text:
Please be advised that the income and results shown are extraordinary and are not intended to serve as guarantees. In fact, as stipulated by law, we can not and do not make any guarantees about your ability to get results or earn any money with our ideas, information, tools, or strategies. We don't know you and, besides, your results in life are up to you. Agreed? We just want to help you by giving great content, direction, and strategies that worked well for us and our students and that we believe can move you forward. All of our terms, privacy policies, and disclaimers for this program and website can be accessed via the link above. We feel transparency is important and we hold ourselves (and you) to a high standard of integrity. Thanks for stopping by. We hope this training and content brings you a lot of value.
Copyright 2022 - Disclaimer


text:
Digital radiography (digital x-ray) is the latest technology used to take dental x-rays. This technique uses an electronic sensor (instead of x-ray film) that captures and stores the digital image on a computer. This image can be instantly viewed and enlarged helping the dentist and dental hygienist detect problems easier. Digital x-rays reduce radiation 80-90% compared to the already low exposure of traditional dental x-rays.
Dental x-rays are essential, preventative, diagnostic tools that provide valuable information not visible during a regular dental exam. Dentists and dental hygienists use this information to safely and accurately detect hidden dental abnormalities and complete an accurate treatment plan. Without x-rays, problem areas may go undetected.
Dental x-rays may reveal:
Detecting and treating dental problems at an early stage may save you time, money, unnecessary discomfort, and your teeth!
Are dental x-rays safe?
We are all exposed to natural radiation in our environment. Digital x-rays produce a significantly lower level of radiation compared to traditional dental x-rays. Not only are digital x-rays better for the health and safety of the patient, they are faster and more comfortable to take, which reduces your time in the dental office. Also, since the digital image is captured electronically, there is no need to develop the x-rays, thus eliminating the disposal of harmful waste and chemicals into the environment.
Even though digital x-rays produce a low level of radiation and are considered very safe, dentists still take necessary precautions to limit the patient's exposure to radiation. These precautions include only taking those x-rays that are necessary, and using lead apron shields to protect the body.
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text:
- In General
- Section Designation and Editing
- Source Credits
- Notes Generally
- Editorial Notes
- Statutory Notes
- Executive Documents and Court Rules
- Appendices
- Tables, Popular Names, and General Index
- Code Versions
- Currency and Updating
- Classification of Laws
- Positive Law Codification
- Frequently Asked Questions and Glossary
I. In General [top]
The United States Code ("Code") contains the general and permanent laws of the United States, arranged into 54 broad titles according to subject matter. The organization of the Code was originally established by Congress in 1926 with the enactment of the act of June 30, 1926, chapter 712. Since then, 27 of the titles, referred to as positive law titles, have been restated and enacted into law by Congress as titles of the Code. The remaining titles, referred to as non-positive law titles, are made up of sections from many acts of Congress that were either included in the original Code or subsequently added by the editors of the Code, i.e., the Office of the Law Revision Counsel, and its predecessors in the House of Representatives. Positive law titles are identified by an asterisk on the Search & Browse page. For an explanation of the meaning of positive law, see the Positive Law Codification page.
Each title of the Code is subdivided into a combination of smaller units such as subtitles, chapters, subchapters, parts, subparts, and sections, not necessarily in that order. Sections are often subdivided into a combination of smaller units such as subsections, paragraphs, subparagraphs, clauses, subclauses, and items. In the case of a positive law title, the units are determined by Congress in the laws that enact and later amend the title. In the case of a non-positive law title, the organization of the title since 1926 has been determined by the editors of the Code and has generally followed the organization of the underlying acts [1] as much as possible. For example, chapter 7 of title 42 sets out the titles, parts, and sections of the Social Security Act as corresponding subchapters, parts, and sections of the chapter.
In addition to the sections themselves, the Code includes statutory provisions set out as statutory notes, the Constitution, several sets of Federal court rules, and certain Presidential documents, such as Executive orders, determinations, notices, and proclamations, that implement or relate to statutory provisions in the Code. The Code does not include treaties, agency regulations, State or District of Columbia laws, or most acts that are temporary or special, such as those that appropriate money for specific years or that apply to only a limited number of people or a specific place. For an explanation of the process of determining which new acts are included in the Code, see the About Classification page.
The Code also contains editorially created source credits, notes, and tables that provide information about the source of Code sections, their arrangement, the references they contain, and their history.
The law contained in the Code is the product of over 200 years of legislating. Drafting styles have changed over the years, and the resulting differences in laws are reflected in the Code. Similarly, Code editorial styles and policies have evolved over the 80-plus years since the Code was first adopted. As a result, not all acts have been handled in a consistent manner in the Code over time. This guide explains the editorial styles and policies currently used to produce the Code, but the reader should be aware that some things may have been done differently in the past. However, despite the evolution of style over the years, the accuracy of the information presented in the Code has always been, and will always remain, a top priority.
II. Section Designation and Editing [top]
The basic unit of every Code title is the section, and the way in which Code sections are composed can differ depending on whether the section is in a positive or non-positive law title. In a positive law title, all the sections have been enacted as sections of the title and appear in the Code in the same order, with the same section numbers, and with the exact same text as in the enacting and amending acts. In other words, a positive law title is set out in the Code just as enacted by Congress.
In a non-positive law title, the text of a Code section is based on the text of a section of an act as enacted by Congress, but certain editorial changes are made to integrate the section into the Code.
A. Four common types of changes
Four common types of changes are discussed below:
Section designation. The first type of change involves changing the section number, known as the designation. Almost every provision of an act that is classified as a section of the Code is assigned a designation that differs from its act section number. For example, section 401 of the Social Security Act (act of August 14, 1935, chapter 531) is classified to section 601 of title 42. Most Code sections are based on an entire act section, but a few sections, such as section 2191b of title 22 and section 3642 of title 16, are based on less than an entire act section, and a few of the oldest Code sections, such as section 111 of title 16, are based on provisions from more than one act section. The source credit for each non-positive law section tells the reader what section or other unit of an act the Code section is based on, and, for some sections, a Codification note provides further information about the origin of the section.
Headings. The second type of change involves adding or modifying section and subsection headings. If a Code section is based on an act section that has headings, the Code will usually retain the original headings. However, in some cases, such as where there are no headings in the original act or where the section text is amended in such a way as to make the act headings inaccurate, the Code editors will provide or modify headings for the Code section.
Bracketed citations. The third type of change involves inserting bracketed citation information in the text following a cross reference. For example, in section 1440(c) of title 20, the bracketed citation "[42 U.S.C. 1396 et seq.]" was editorially inserted following a reference to title XIX of the Social Security Act. A reader can assume that almost every citation in the Code that is enclosed in square brackets ("[…]") was added by the Code editors and was not in the original act. When statutory text contains a Code citation in parentheses, however, that citation is almost always as it appeared in the underlying act.
Translations. The fourth type of change involves changing the actual text of the original act and is known as a "translation". Most translations involve changing a cross reference in an act into a reference to the corresponding provision in the Code or changing a reference to the date of enactment of a certain provision into that actual date. Using the example from above, what appears in act text as a reference to "section 401 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 601)" will be translated to "section 601 of title 42" when put into the Code. Similarly, if a provision has a reference to a certain task required to be completed "no later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this act" and the act was enacted on October 28, 2009, that reference will be translated to "no later than 1 year after October 28, 2009". Other common translations include deletion of the words "United States Code" following a reference to a positive law title and substitution of references such as "this chapter" for "this Act", "this subchapter" for "this title", and the like, where appropriate. Often there will be References in Text notes under a section that provide further editorial explanation of the cross references found in the section text.
B. Other changes
In the past, it was the Code style to add words such as "of this subsection", "of this section", and "of this chapter" following references to a paragraph, subsection, or subchapter. This practice was not only discontinued several years ago, but there has also been ongoing work to delete these editorial additions throughout all non-positive law titles. However, the words "of this title" continue to be editorially added in the course of translating references to other sections in the same title.
Statutory notes contain features of both positive and non-positive law titles. As in positive law sections, the text of statutory notes is quoted exactly as it appears in the original act, without translations. However, as in non-positive law sections, brackets are inserted when needed to indicate editorial material, such as cross reference citations, dates of enactment, or classification information in Short Title and Effective Date notes.
The translations and editorial changes made to sections of non-positive law titles are purely technical and do not change the meaning of the law. No other changes are made to the text, except pursuant to a specific amendment or global-type amendment, such as a change of name or transfer of functions that is explained in a note under the section. Errors in spelling, grammar, and punctuation in the original act are not editorially corrected in the Code. In both positive and non-positive law titles, if a statutory provision is enacted with misspelled words or duplicate or missing punctuation, it is put into the Code exactly as it was enacted, with a footnote inserted as needed to indicate the probable error. Minor inconsistencies in the format of the text, such as the font, spacing, or margins appearing in the enacted law, are occasionally adjusted to match the style of the Code without comment.
III. Source Credits [top]
Source credits ("credits") appear after the text of a Code section and consist of citations to each act that enacted, amended, or otherwise affected the section. With very few exceptions, source credits refer to public laws or other acts of Congress. The citation for each enacting and amending act includes the public law or chapter number [2] , division, title, and section numbers (if any), the date of enactment, and the Statutes at Large volume and page number. For example, section 1301 of title 25 is based on section 201 of title II of Public Law ("Pub. L.") 90-284 which was enacted on April 11, 1968, and appears at page 77 of volume 82 of the Statutes at Large. The section has also been amended by subsections (b) and (c) of section 8077 of Public Law 101-511. The credit for section 1301 reads:
(Pub. L. 90-284, title II, §201, Apr. 11, 1968, 82 Stat. 77; Pub. L. 101-511, title VIII, §8077(b), (c), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1892.)
A. Non-positive law titles
Base law. In non-positive law titles, the first act in the source credit is almost always the "base law". The base law is the act on which the Code section is based and of which it remains a part. In the above example of section 1301 of title 25, the base law is Public Law 90-284 because section 1301 is based on section 201 of Public Law 90-284. The base law is a feature only in non-positive law titles because in positive law titles, the sections were enacted by Congress as part of the Code title itself.
A small number of Code sections are based on sections of the Revised Statutes (which was enacted in 1874 and published with corrections in a second edition in 1878). In those cases, the credit includes a Revised Statutes section number. For example, section 1983 of title 42 is based on section 1979 of the Revised Statutes ("R.S.") and has been amended by section 1 of Public Law 96-170 and section 309(c) of Public Law 104-317. The credit for section 1983 reads:
(R.S. §1979; Pub. L. 96-170, §1, Dec. 29, 1979, 93 Stat. 1284; Pub. L. 104-317, title III, §309(c), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3853.)
"As added" sections. In most cases, a Code section in a non-positive law title is based on an act section that was part of its base law when the base law was first enacted. However, it is often the case that a Code section is based on an act section that was added to its base law by a later act. When this happens, the first citation in the source credit contains the public law or chapter number of the base law, division and title (if present), and section number of the new section within that act, followed by "as added" and a citation to the act that added the section. For example, section 653a of title 42 is based on section 453A of the Social Security Act (act of August 14, 1935, chapter 531). However, the Social Security Act did not contain a section 453A when it was first enacted. Section 453A was added to title IV of the Social Security Act by Public Law 104-193 and later amended by Public Law 105-33. The source credit for section 653a reads:
(Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, title IV, §453A, as added Pub. L. 104-193, title III, §313(b), Aug. 22, 1996, 110 Stat. 2209; amended Pub. L. 105-33, title V, §5533, Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 627.)
The only information given about the base law is the identifying information for the act (Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531) and the title and section number of the new section. Because the new section was not part of the base law when that law was first enacted and published, there is no Statutes at Large information provided.
Renumbered sections. Occasionally, an act section is renumbered by another act. When this happens, the source credit contains both the current section number, which always appears as the main section number in the base law, and any intermediate section numbers (if the section has been renumbered more than once). The section number following "formerly" in the base law is the original act section number when the section was first enacted. For example, section 5183 of title 42 is currently section 416 of Public Law 93-288. However, it was first enacted as section 413 of that act, and Public Law 100-707 renumbered it as section 416:
(Pub. L. 93-288, title IV, §416, formerly §413, May 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 157; renumbered §416 and amended Pub. L. 100-707, title I, §106(i), Nov. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 4705.)
Note that the renumbering of an act section does not always trigger the renumbering of the Code section. In fact, in the interest of Code consistency, the Code editors often retain the current Code section number even though the underlying act section number has changed.
Special situations. Though uncommon, there are Code sections in non-positive law titles that are based on less than an entire act section, on two or more different acts, or on provisions that are undesignated in the original act. Sections like these can be identified by the section designation information in the citation for the base law and, in some cases, by the information provided in a Codification note.
B. Positive law titles
Source credits in positive law titles are similar to those in non-positive law titles, except that there is no base law. Instead, sections in a positive law title are part of the title itself and neither come from nor are part of any other law. The first citation in the credit is to the act that enacted the section. If the section was included in the title when the title was enacted as positive law, the act enacting the title simply appears as the first citation in the source credit with nothing before it [3] . For example, title 31 was enacted as a positive law title by Public Law 97-258. Section 304 of title 31 was included in title 31 at the time the title was enacted and therefore has Public Law 97-258 as its first citation. The section was further amended by Public Law 102-390. The source credit for section 304 reads:
(Pub. L. 97-258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 877; Pub. L. 102-390, title II, Sec. 225(a), (b)(1), (2), Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1629.)
Added sections. If the section of the positive law title was not included in the title when it was enacted as positive law but was added to the title by a later act, the source credit will begin with the word "Added" followed by a citation to the act that amended the title to add the section. For example, section 1558 of title 31 was not originally part of the title when the title was enacted as positive law but was added to the title by Public Law 101-189. The section was further amended by Public Law 104-106. The credit for section 1558 reads:
(Added Pub. L. 101-189, div. A, title VIII, §813(a), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1494; amended Pub. L. 104-106, div. E, title LV, §5502(a), (b), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 698, 699.)
Renumbered sections. When a section of a positive law title is renumbered, the original section number is included at the end of the first citation in the source credit and the citation to the act that did the renumbering indicates the renumbered section number. For example, section 140 of title 10 was originally added as section 137 of title 10 by Public Law 87-651. The section was renumbered as section 139 by Public Law 99-433 and renumbered again as section 140 by Public Law 103-160. The credit reads:
(Added Pub. L. 87-651, title II, §202, Sept. 7, 1962, 76 Stat. 519, §137; amended Pub. L. 88-426, title III, §305(9), Aug. 14, 1964, 78 Stat. 423; renumbered §139 and amended Pub. L. 99-433, title I, §§101(a)(7), 110(d)(11), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 995, 1003; renumbered §140, Pub. L. 103-160, div. A, title IX, §901(a)(1), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1726.)
Unlike a non-positive law title, the renumbering of a section in a positive law title is by definition a renumbering of the section in the Code.
C. Source credit in context
Each act listed in the source credit affected the section in some way. Typically, the act directly amended the section, and information about the amendments made by each act can be found in editorial amendment notes under the section. Sometimes the changes are more subtle, and other editorial notes, such as Change of Name or Transfer of Functions, explain those changes made by certain laws listed in the credit.
Some acts in the credit amend a prior act that amended the section, rather than amend the section itself. Such an act is listed in the credit in the same manner as one that amended the section directly. Amendment notes or other editorial notes clarify whether an act amended the section or amended a prior amendatory act.
IV. Notes Generally[top]
One of the most misunderstood aspects of the Code is the notes appearing under sections. Generally speaking, a note refers to anything that follows the text and source credit of a Code section. There are a few broad categories of notes, such as editorial and statutory—explained in more detail below—as well as those issued from the executive branch or directed toward rules of Federal courts.
For the convenience of the Code user in evaluating the material, notes have been grouped into categories under the following headings, determined by the authority and purpose of the material contained in each one. These categories are explained in more detail in sections V, VI, and VII.
- Editorial Notes
- Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
- Executive Documents
- Court Rules
Certain notes are not subject to such categorization, highlighting their unique function in the Code. These notes fall between the source credit and the first note category heading.
Future Amendment notes appear in italic type and provide information about acts that amend the section effective in the future, such as on a specific future effective date, or contingent on some occurrence that has not yet happened. These notes have headings such as "Amendment of Section" and "Termination of Amendment" and usually appear immediately following the source credit. Occasionally, this note can also provide an alert to the user that the section text as it appears may not reflect the current reality because non-amendatory adjustments, such as agency regulations, have affected its validity.
Historical and Revision notes appear only in positive law titles and specify the laws that formed the basis of sections that were included in the title when the title was first enacted into positive law. The first act in the source credits for such a section is the act that enacted the title into positive law. The Historical and Revision notes provide information about those earlier acts and how they were reorganized into the section as it was enacted as part of the new positive law title. For most titles, the Historical and Revision notes are the reviser's notes that were contained in the congressional committee report accompanying the codification bill that enacted the title.
Be aware that because notes have been broadly categorized by the source of authority, certain familiar note headings may appear in different categories under different Code sections, or even under the same section. For example, a Transfer of Functions note (and its subsidiaries) describing a change directed by statute would be placed in the "Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries" category, while the same type of note originating in an executive Reorganization Plan would appear among "Executive Documents" notes. Certain notes, notably Transfer of Functions and Change of Name, may include a variety of authorities and are therefore more elusive of precise categorization.
V. Editorial Notes [top]
Most sections in the Code are followed by editorial notes. These notes are prepared by the Code editors to assist users of the Code. They provide information about the section's source, derivation, history, references, translations, effectiveness and applicability, codification, defined terms, prospective amendments, and related matters.
The following is an explanation of some of the types of editorial notes that may appear under a section:
References in Text notes provide information about certain references contained in the text of the section. These references typically include popular names of acts such as the "Social Security Act" and names of Code units, such as "this chapter". A References in Text note for the name of a Code unit is usually included to alert the reader that the named Code unit may not be a precise translation of the corresponding act unit appearing in the original statutory text. For example, under section 101 of title 6, there is a References in Text note that alerts the reader that "this chapter" in the Code section text is a translation of "this Act" in the original act, which is the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (Public Law 107-296). The note explains that the Homeland Security Act of 2002 is classified "principally" to chapter 1 of title 6, which means that while most of the act is classified to chapter 1, some provisions are classified elsewhere, perhaps because they amended laws in other parts of the Code or are set out as statutory notes [4]. The reader is then advised to consult "Tables", meaning Code Table III and the Classification Tables, for the complete classification of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to the Code.
Occasionally, a reference in section text is accompanied by the footnote "See References in Text note below". The footnote serves to point out an erroneous or misleading reference not discernible from the reference itself.
Codification notes provide several kinds of information about a section, such as its relationship to other sections in the same chapter, its derivation, updating, or problems in the underlying acts. Some codification notes alert the reader that the section is not part of the act that comprises the chapter or other unit in which the section appears. For example, as described in the above section on References in Text notes, chapter 1 of title 6 is based on the Homeland Security Act of 2002, and the References in Text note in section 101 of title 6 explains that whenever "this chapter" appears in that section, the original statutory text reads "this Act". Section 453a of title 6 was editorially placed in chapter 1 as well, but it is not part of the Homeland Security Act of 2002. Because section 453a is not part of the Homeland Security Act of 2002, which is what "this Act" refers to in the original text, it is likewise not considered to be part of chapter 1 for purposes of the reference to "this chapter" contained in section 101, even though section 453a is physically located within that chapter. To alert the reader to this situation, a Codification note appears under section 453a saying that the section "was enacted as part of the Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2004, and not as part of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 which comprises" chapter 1. This note is important because it tells the user to exclude section 453a from any reference to that chapter.
Prior Provisions notes indicate other sections that have had the same section number as the current section and what has since happened to them. Prior provisions notes are supplied for both prior Code sections and prior act sections that had the same section number as the current Code or act section.
Amendment notes provide explanations of how amendments have affected the section. Amendment notes are grouped by year in reverse chronological order. Within each year, the notes are arranged in order by unit of the section affected, such as subsection or paragraph. If more than one amendment affects the same unit during the year, the amendments are listed in reverse act order. Generally, an amendment note identifies the amending public law and section numbers. However, no section number is given when it can be uniquely identified from the act information already given in the source credit. If the amendment note describes an amendment as temporary, that means that the amendment was or will be undone on the date specified for its termination in the applicable effective date provision.
VI. Statutory Notes [top]
Statutory notes are provisions of law that are set out as notes under a Code section rather than as a Code section. A statutory note can consist of as much as an entire act (such as Public Law 108-347 set out under 22 U.S.C. 5811) or as little as a clause (such as section 1013(a)(4)(B)(iii) of Public Law 100-647 set out under 26 U.S.C. 144). Whether a provision in an act (other than an amendment to a positive law title) appears in the Code as a section or as a statutory note is an editorial decision based on a number of factors. See the About Classification page for more information.
A. Appearance
A statutory note typically begins with a source credit citing to the public laws that enacted and amended it, which is similar in content and form to the source credit for a Code section. When the credit is followed by quoted statutory text, the text is quoted verbatim without translations, although editorial brackets are inserted when needed to assist the user in finding cross references or other information. Every note or series of related notes grouped together have a note heading that is usually, but not always, taken from the heading appearing in the statutory text. Notes are updated for amendments just as Code sections are, but amendment notes are not written. Other types of editorial notes often found following Code sections, such as Codification and References in Text notes, are also not written for statutory notes. However, a bracketed note sometimes appears after the text of a statutory note and provides important additional information about the note.
B. Types of notes
There are several categories of statutory notes. The most common are Change of Name, Effective Date, Short Title, Regulations, Construction, and miscellaneous notes. Miscellaneous notes include things like congressional findings, study and reporting requirements, and other provisions related to the subject matter of the Code section under which they appear. Notes of the same category are grouped together. Within each group, the notes are usually arranged in reverse chronological order by law, but multiple notes from the same law are put in ascending law order.
C. Subsidiary notes
In general, every independent (i.e., non-amendatory) provision in a law is classified to only one place in the Code. However, sometimes such a provision may be equally relevant to several items in the law that end up getting classified to a number of different sections in the Code, such as an effective date that applies to all the amendments in that law. When this occurs, the quoted statutory text is classified to and set out in full under one of the affected sections, and the other sections contain subsidiary notes that alert the user to the existence of the provision and indicate where the full text can be found. Although the wording is editorially created, the primary function of subsidiary notes is to point to the location of the statutory text, which should always be considered prevailing. The following are a few examples of the more common subsidiary notes that can be found.
Change of Name subsidiary notes indicate that there is a statutory change of name provision elsewhere in the Code that changes a name or term used in the section other than by direct amendment, such as when an act changes the name of a governmental entity and generally deems all references to the old name to be references to the new name.
Effective Date subsidiary notes indicate that there is a statutory effective date provision elsewhere in the Code that provides an effective date for the section or a particular amendment to the section. To the extent that the effective date of a provision is different from its date of enactment, subsidiary effective date notes are generally included under every section to which the statutory effective date provision applies. However, there are exceptions. For example, a subsidiary note is usually not provided when the effective date provision applies to the enactment or amendment of a statutory note or to the amendment of analysis material (i.e., tables of contents) in positive law titles.
Transfer of Functions subsidiary notes indicate that there is a provision elsewhere in the Code that transfers duties originally assigned to be performed by one official or entity to a different official or entity.
Definitions subsidiary notes indicate that there is a statutory provision elsewhere in the Code that defines a term used in the section. Definitions subsidiary notes do not appear for terms occurring in section text that are defined within the same unit of the Code, such as a chapter or subchapter, and do not exist for some definition provisions that are more than 20 years old.
D. Bracketed classification information
In a Short Title or Effective Date note, cross references to an act or unit of an act are often followed by bracketed information indicating where the act or unit is classified to the Code. This classification information is accurate as of the date of enactment of the short title or effective date provision but is not updated to reflect any later changes in classification.
E. Paraphrased and table notes
There are some statutory notes in the Code that have a source credit followed by a paraphrase or brief description of a statutory provision instead of quoted text. These notes, some of which are contained in tables, are similar to other statutory notes in that they are based on statutory provisions, have full source credits, and are updated as appropriate for any amendments. Because of the statutory basis of these notes, as well as the appearance of the source credit citing to the public laws enacting and amending them, they have been categorized as statutory notes even though the full quoted text is not set out.
F. Validity of statutory notes
A provision of a Federal statute is the law whether the provision appears in the Code as section text or as a statutory note, and even when it does not appear in the Code at all. The fact that a provision is set out as a note is merely the result of an editorial decision and has no effect on its meaning or validity. Similarly, the appearance of a provision as a note should not be interpreted as a commentary on its relevance or importance, as many statutory notes provide crucial information about the Code sections they follow.
VII. Executive Documents and Court Rules[top]
A. Executive Documents
Executive documents refer primarily to a class of documents issued by the President, including Executive Orders, Proclamations, Memoranda, Determinations, and Notices. When such a document is general and permanent in nature and relates to a Code section or statutory note, it can often be found set out or paraphrased under that section or note. The category of executive documents can also include references to Reorganization Plans, which relate to the restructuring of various executive agencies, departments, or offices.
B. Court Rules
Although uncommon, there are notes referring to one of the sets of Federal court rules included in the Code, namely the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure, Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure, Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, and Federal Rules of Evidence, which have been adopted pursuant to the Rules Enabling Act (28 U.S.C. 2071 et seq.)
VIII. Appendices [top]
There are four appendices in the Code. The appendices to titles 11, 18, and 28 mostly contain Federal court rules, with a couple of additional freestanding laws in the appendix to title 18. The appendix to title 5 contains freestanding laws that relate to the subject matter of title 5 but were not incorporated into that title by Congress. Sections in the appendices to titles 5 and 18 retain their act section numbers, and translations are not made. The fact that an act is included in an appendix does not affect its meaning or validity.
IX. Tables, Popular Names, and General Index [top]
A. Classification Tables
The Classification Tables show where recently enacted laws will appear in the Code and which sections of the Code have been amended by those laws.
B. Tables I to VI
Table I—Revised Titles. Table I indicates where provisions of certain former titles have been incorporated when those titles were enacted as positive law since the original adoption of the Code in 1926.
Table II—Revised Statutes 1878. Table II indicates where sections of the Revised Statutes of the United States of 1878, the first codification of acts of Congress, have been classified to the Code.
Table III—Statutes at Large. Table III lists provisions of public laws that have been classified to the Code at any time, starting from the First Congress in 1789.
Table IV—Executive Orders. Table IV indicates where provisions from Executive Orders appear in the Code.
Table V—Proclamations. Table V indicates where provisions from Presidential Proclamations appear in the Code.
Table VI—Reorganization Plans. Table VI lists reorganization plans that have been classified to the Code at any time.
C. Popular Names Table
The Popular Names Table lists acts of Congress in alphabetical order by popular or statutory name.
D. General Index
In the print version of the Code, the General Index provides an alphabetical listing of subjects and the Code title and section where each subject is addressed. The General Index does not appear in the online version of the Code.
X. Code Versions [top]
For information about the various online and printed versions of the Code, see the About the Code page.
XI. Currency and Updating [top]
For information about the currency of the Code data on this website, see the Currency and Updating page.
XII. Classification of Laws [top]
For an explanation of how laws are classified to the Code, see the About Classification page.
XIII. Positive Law Codification [top]
For information about positive law codification and current projects to enact new titles of the Code into positive law, see the Positive Law Codification page.
XIV. Frequently Asked Questions and Glossary [top]
For frequently asked questions about the Code and a glossary of terms used in the Code and on this website, see the FAQ page.
[1] "Act" is used throughout this guide to refer to a bill or joint resolution that has passed both the U.S. House of Representatives and Senate and has been signed into law by the President, or passed over the President's veto, thus becoming a law.
[2] Laws enacted during and after 1957 are cited by public law number. Laws enacted before 1957 are cited by the date of enactment of the law and the Statutes at Large chapter number assigned to it.
[3] When a positive law title is enacted in stages by several codification acts, this style of credit is used for each of those acts.
[4] In contrast, when an act is classified as a whole to a chapter in the Code, it is said to be classified "generally" to that chapter. No References in Text note appears for the translation of "this Act" to "this chapter" because no further explanation about the translation is needed.


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Some of you puzzlers are better with the word puzzles. Some are better with the visual puzzles. Here's one with both!
Unscramble the image of Eric Gagne below in 35 moves or fewer. Then, well, solve the puzzle:
When you're in a close fought fight,
In for the save comes a brave knight,
Track his footsteps to the light,
Then take one last step to the right.
Hint #1 (1:06pm PT): It's about the journey, not the destination.
Hint #2 (5:15pm PT): The step referenced in the 4th line of the poem is different than the steps referenced in the 3rd line.
Puzzle Rules: The answer to the puzzle is a current or former Dodger (Eric Gagne is not the answer). Comment freely in the thread, but if you have the solution, please don't give it away to everyone in the comments section. Instead, do the following:
- Email us with the first and last name of the Dodger player who is the answer, along with your reasoning (answers arrived at via luck or the wrong reasoning, even if correct, count for participation credit only). And please include your screen name somewhere in the email; and
- Post a comment simply saying you have emailed your solution attempt. I may not be able to reply to your original email promptly, so please be patient and check back on the comment thread for the latest news; I may confirm correct answers there.
You have until midnight PT tonight to submit your answer. Solution will be posted tomorrow. Good luck!
*New to SoSG's PCS Puzzle Series? Here's how it works. Join the fun, all are welcome!


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Estate Management Checklist
Do you have a will?
A will enables you to specify who you want to inherit your property and other assets. A will also enable you to name a guardian for your minor children.
Do you have healthcare documents in place?
Healthcare documents spell out your wishes for health care if you become unable to make medical decisions for yourself. They also authorize a person to make decisions on your behalf if that should prove necessary. These documents may include a living will, a power of attorney agreement, and a durable power of attorney agreement for healthcare.
Do you have financial documents in place?
Certain financial documents can outline your financial wishes. If you become unable to make decisions for yourself, these financial documents can be structured to empower a person to make decisions on your behalf. These documents may include joint ownership, durable power of attorney, and living trusts.
Have you filed beneficiary forms?
In some cases, naming a beneficiary for bank accounts and retirement plans makes these accounts "payable on death" to your beneficiaries. In other cases, you will need to fill out a "Payable on Death" form.
Do you have the right amount and type of life insurance?
When was the last time you assessed your life insurance coverage? Have you compared the life insurance benefit with your financial obligations? Keep in mind that several factors will affect the cost and availability of life insurance, including age, health, and the type and amount of insurance purchased. Life insurance policies have expenses, including mortality and other charges. If a policy is surrendered prematurely, the policyholder may also pay surrender charges and have income tax implications. You should consider determining whether you are insurable before implementing a strategy involving life insurance. Any guarantees associated with a policy are dependent on the ability of the issuing insurance company to continue making claim payments.
Have you taken steps to manage your federal estate tax?
If you and your spouse have more than $27.22 million in assets (for 2024), you may want to consider taking steps to manage federal estate taxes, which will be due at the second spouse's death.1
Have you taken steps to protect your business?
Do you have a succession plan? If you own a business with others, you may also want to consider a buyout agreement.
Have you created a letter of instruction?
A letter of instruction is a non-legal document that outlines your wishes. A strong, well-written letter may save your heirs time, effort, and expense as they administer your estate.
Will your heirs be able to locate your critical documents?
Your heirs may need access to the specific documents you have created to manage your estate. These documents may include:
- Your will
- Trust documents
- Life insurance policies
- Deeds to any real estate, and certificates for stocks, bonds, annuities
- Information on your financial accounts and safe deposit boxes
- Information on your retirement plans
- Information on any debts you have: credit cards, mortgages, and loans.
Note: Power of attorney laws can vary from state to state. An estate strategy that includes trusts may involve a complex web of tax rules and regulations. Consider working with a knowledgeable estate management professional before implementing such strategies.
1. IRS.gov, 2024
The content is developed from sources believed to be providing accurate information. The information in this material is not intended as tax or legal advice. It may not be used for the purpose of avoiding any federal tax penalties. Please consult legal or tax professionals for specific information regarding your individual situation. This material was developed and produced by FMG Suite to provide information on a topic that may be of interest. FMG Suite is not affiliated with the named broker-dealer, state- or SEC-registered investment advisory firm. The opinions expressed and material provided are for general information, and should not be considered a solicitation for the purchase or sale of any security. Copyright FMG Suite.


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The Albany High School app by SchoolInfoApp enables parents, students, teachers and administrators to quickly access the resources, tools, news and information to stay connected and informed!
The Albany High School app by SchoolInfoApp features:
- Important school and class news and announcements
- Interactive resources including event calendars, maps, staff directory and more
- Student tools including My ID, My Assignments, Hall Pass and Tip Line
- Language translation to more than 30 languages
- Quick access to online and social media resources
About SchoolInfoApp:
We build great apps for great schools and school districts and have published apps serving thousands of schools and districts around the globe. All we do is develop and manage mobile apps for schools and school districts, so our focus is 100% on doing that incredibly well. The result is apps that are highly rated with features that students, parents, teachers and administrators find to be time-saving, simple and useful.
Features listed may or may not be included depending on your school or district's policies and preferences.
版本更新内容:Bug fixes and performance improvements.


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This Car Color Insurance Myth Is Getting Busted Once and for All
Your car's color can be a practical choice, an expression of your individuality, or even a chromatic extension of your personal brand. But can it be an indicator of your driving behavior?
- Nearly 40% of respondents in a car-color survey reported primarily driving a silver or black car
- Black and silver were statistically rarer color choices for vans and trucks, respectively
- Black vehicles were 1.8 times more likely to be classified as "luxury"
- Less than half of silver vehicles came from American brands
- Demystifying the car-color insurance myth once and for all, the survey found no correlation between car color and driver behavior
For a while now, the age-old insurance myth that "drivers of red cars have to pay higher premiums" has been busted by industry pros and novitiate content writers alike. Citing officials from the Insurance Information Institute, CNBC has reported in the past that there's no causal or correlative relationship between car color and insurance premiums. As the myth persists, though, the number of surveys and think pieces trying to invalidate it increases. But do any of these naysayers have the data to back up this debunking?
The data scientists at Insurify can put this rumor to rest once and for all. They recently conducted a survey of insurance shoppers asking them about the color of the primary car on their policy, and analyzed their driving records to quell the rumors once and for all. To boot, they also found some fascinating insights regarding car color and other features of car ownership.
Here's what they found.
The data scientists at Insurify, a car insurance quotes comparison website, collected data from their database of over 1.5 million car insurance applications, which ask questions about driving history, vehicle type, and other personal data from the past seven years. Some shoppers were also surveyed at random about the color of the primary car covered in their policy. From the response data, Insurify's data team was able to determine the significant differences in reported driver behavior (and other data) between respondents.
Car Color Craziness: Do Drivers Diverge?
1. Color me neutral.
Here were the official results of the survey:
- Silver: 19.9%
- Black: 19.4%
- White: 17.9%
- Other: 17.1%
- Blue: 11.6%
- Red: 10.2%
- Green: 3.9%
For once, silver takes the gold, with nearly one fifth of respondents having reported primarily driving a silver car. Neutral, achromatic tones seemed to dominate here.
Looking at the data more closely, it becomes clear that silver cars were chosen by consumers at a statistically significant rate. For motor vehicles classified as cars (not vans or trucks), silver was 1.1 times more likely to be reported as a primary car color than any other color on the list. It may seem like a thin margin, but the numbers really do reaffirm silver's supremacy.
2. Monochrome monoliths.
Car color might also correlate with vehicle body type when it comes to heavy-duty makes. For instance, a mere 1.7% of black vehicles could be classified as vans. (The mental image is a bit disturbing, so perhaps this stat checks out.) Vehicles of any color other than black were 2.9 times more likely to be classified as a van than black vehicles. Of note is that green vehicles, in particular, were 4 times more likely to be a van than black ones. It begs the question: could the VW Type 2 panel van be making a green-colored comeback?
As for pickups, although red is a less popular car color overall, 15.4% of red-vehicle drivers were also truckers. This means that red vehicles were likely to be classified as trucks at a rate 1.7 times higher than all other colors. And while silver remained the popular choice for smaller vehicles, only 6.3% of all "silver" respondents reported owning a truck.
3. Lap of luxury.
For those who can afford them, so-called luxury vehicles offer cutting-edge technological add-ons, superior horsepower, sleek aesthetics, and often the comfiest seats. But besides their swanky interiors, these ravishing rides might also possess certain paint jobs at significantly higher rates.
Perhaps unsurprisingly, luxury cars were more often found in neutral tones, such as black (13.7% of all reported vehicles of this color) and silver (8.6%). In fact, black vehicles were 1.8 times more likely to be considered "luxury" than their silver or colored counterparts. And while we'd never consider red cars to be anything but the epitome of class, they did underperform here—they're roughly 2 times less likely to be a luxury vehicle than any other color represented in the survey.
4. Bringin' it home.
Call America what you want, but you can't deny its cars are colorful. When it came to domestic vehicle ownership, 62.1% of red vehicles were American makes. That means red vehicles were 1.2 times more likely to be from domestic brands than vehicles of all other colors. The majority of white, blue, and black cars also came from stateside brands, while only 47.6% of silver cars were American-born. When it comes to foreign vehicle production, it seems that silver has that international edge.
For a bit of patriotic whimsy, let's explore how the colors of Old Glory fared for this category of car:
Red: 62.1% domestic
White: 56.3% domestic
Blue: 53.1% domestic
Sounds about right.
5. Colorblind?
Let's add one more drop to the myth-busting bucket: no, car color won't affect your insurance rates.
Perhaps that's because our data supports the fact that car color and driving behaviors do not correlate at statistically significant rates. What about for speeding tickets? Surely drivers of red cars are singled out more than their more nondescript blue or black counterparts! Nope, no correlation. DUIs? Nada. Accidents? Zilch.
As it happens, however, one statistically significant stat that bucked this overall trend (or lack thereof) did prove interesting: drivers of red vehicles were 2.1 times more likely to have received a speeding ticket in the last seven years than drivers of green vehicles.
But for lack of any real evidence behind the red-car insurance myth, let's just chalk it up to paranoid hot-rod drivers convinced that traffic cops have it out for them. It's the only explanation.
[Photos: Shutterfly and Getty Images]


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Join Organization
service hours
This program has been designed to be a win-win opportunity for both Sponsors as well as Organizations.
As a Sponsor, you will be able to explore the various organizations that are part of VolunteerMark, connect with them and support a worthy cause. Your sponsorship will enable the organizations to use one of the most premium features of our volunteer management tool, which would immensely help them make a difference in their communities. This will also help your brand gain significant visibility and increase your business relations.


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Regular price $45.00 Save $-45.00YAMAZAKI TOSCA STORAGE BOX
These stylish storage boxes are made of polypropylene with a wooden handle and are perfect for storing kids toys, cleaning products, bathroom accessories and more.
MATERIALS Polypropylene/Wood
DIMENSIONS 37 x 21 x 24 cm
The Banyan Tree requires a street address for all deliveries, unfortunately we do not deliver to PO boxes. Deliveries are ONLY door to door and not brought into the premise unless stated otherwise.
Please note that rubbish removal, assembly, placement or unpacking of goods are not included in your shipping quote unless stated otherwise.
- Contactless Click & Collect available in our Camberwell Showroom (Victoria) for ALL items, free.
- Free Delivery for specific collections only, such as Ethnicraft.
- Flat Rates: We offer the following flat shipping rates:
- $15 for all homewares and smaller items,
- $70 for all framed prints, canvases, mirrors and larger pieces
For sale items, we will contact you directly and provide a quote at competitive prices, however this only applies to metro areas within Australia. We want to ensure your goods arrive safely and with the least chance of damage, so in most cases we will use specialised furniture couriers which may come at a higher price.
If for any reason you cannot be present to accept delivery or if you wish for goods to be left in a safe place unattended, you must clearly make note of this when placing your order. Note: Authority to leave goods unattended will void all transit insurance claims. The Banyan Tree is not liable for theft, damages or loss resulting from your goods being left unattended.
*In the occurrence of a faulty item please report it to us within 48 hours of receiving the item.
Pick up from our Camberwell Showroom is always an option, and it's free! Customer pickups on large pieces are done so at the bearer's responsibility and damage claims will not be accepted.
Lead times can vary depending on the item, from as little as 1 week or as long as 16 weeks depending on manufacturing and shipping times. An order confirmation will be sent to your email immediately after you place your order, and you will be further advised within 2-5 business days on an estimated time of arrival for your item(s).
We will strive to deliver your items within the specified timeframe, however please note that lead times are an estimate only and they may change due to circumstances beyond our control.
- Product images are for illustration purposes only and may differ from the actual product.
- You should expect colour, grain and other natural imperfections and variations on natural timber pieces, which is what gives them a unique charm. These will not be considered damaged pieces.
- It is not possible to request a certain colour as all pieces come in their own individual colour and finish. No two pieces will ever be the same.
- With solid timber pieces, we can never guarantee 100% that split/cracks will not occur.
We hope you love your Banyan Tree purchase, however, we understand if you change your mind when it arrives or if the piece doesn't quite fit as you hoped!
If you are unhappy with the product you have purchased (exclusions apply) you may return the item(s) and are entitled to a full refund, minus shipping, handling charges, and insurance costs, from and to The Banyan Tree, within 14 days.
Please note: a restocking fee of 30% will be applicable on change of mind returns for bulky items. This amount will cover the reasonable costs of ordering stock in for you, as ordered items unfortunately cannot be returned to the manufacturer.
Returned items must be in their original packaging and condition, with all hardware, fixtures and accessories, and must not be used or altered in any way.
Unfortunately, there is no refund, exchange, or cancellation available on custom, made to order and special order items.
All return requests must be raised within 14 days of the date you received your order, please check the exclusions list to see if your item is eligible, and then see the below articles for the returns process for change of mind, or faulty/damaged returns.
Return postage will be at the buyers expense unless stated otherwise.
In the occurrence of a faulty item please report it to us within 48 hours of receiving your order. We will always endeavour to offer a replacement however in the rare occasion that we are unable to supply a replacement, a store credit (in some cases a refund) will be issued.
Sale items (if applicable): Unfortunately sale items cannot be returned, exchanged or refunded.


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Pink Tourmaline Stack Band
Pink Tourmaline Stack Band
- 14K Yellow Gold
- 0.29 Total Pink Tourmaline Carat Weight
- Stone Count: 19 Round Pink Tourmaline Stones
- Halfway Band
Shipping & Processing
Shipping & Processing
We process every order within 3 business days. When your order is ready, we will send you an email with tracking information. Throughout the delivery process, all shipments from San Antonio Jewelry are insured under San Antonio Jewelry until signature upon delivery. Our packages do not indicate they are of high value; we carefully package each item to ensure safe transportation.
Excluding holidays and weekends, we offer the following shipping options:
- USPS Priority Delivery: 1 to 3 days
- UPS Ground Delivery: 3 to 5 days
- UPS Next Day Delivery
Free local delivery is available for orders $500+, within 30 miles of the San Antonio Jewelry flagship store. Free in-store pick-up is also available. Please note your preference at checkout.
Additional shipping fees may apply for multiple, unsuccessful delivery attempts.
At this time, we do not ship internationally.
For additional information and shipping costs, visit our Shipping Policy.
Returns & Exchanges
Returns & Exchanges
Exchange Window
If within 14 days from the delivery or instore pickup date you change your mind, we are happy to offer a store credit to be used on a future order, or you may opt to do an even exchange for the same item in a different size or color. We do not accept any exchanges after the listed exchange window. All exchanges must be approved.
Exchange Exclusions
Bridal, made to order and custom pieces, personalized pieces, jewelry cleaner, and sale items are FINAL SALE with no exceptions. Items that are considered final sale will be clearly marked.
Orders sent back to us without approval are subject to additional fees and the order may be returned at the customer's expense.
Exchange for Different Size or Color
In stock items will be held until we have received your item back and have approved your exchange. Please note that lead times will not begin until we process your exchange.
If the exchange item does not adhere to our guidelines listed, we reserve the right to deny an exchange and ship the item back at the customer's expense.
Exchange Conditions
SAJ reserves the right not to accept an item if any of the below conditions are not met, and the item will be sent back at the customer's expense:
- Your item must be sent with original SAJ packaging, unaltered, and in brand new, unworn, salable condition. All of our SAJ pieces come with custom packaging and an order form, which both must be unaltered in any way.
In-Store Credit
We offer in-store credit for approved exchanges.
Exchange Shipping
Once an approved exchange is initiated and the label is created, the return package must be scanned by the shipping carrier within 7 days. We require items to be returned to us via our preferred shipping service so that they are insured and protected. If an order is sent to us using an alternate shipping service, we will not accept liability and cannot be held responsible for lost packages, as a result.
We request that your exchange be sent back to us secured in the original packaging it arrived in. Please do not use any other boxes as this will increase the shipping cost. Should SAJ incur additional fees due to alternate packaging, this will be collected from the customer.
Once we have received your exchange, we will process it within 1-2 business days. Upon approval, we will email you the details of your store credit, ship out in stock exchange items, or begin production on your new item.
If you purchased jewelry in-store and thereafter noticed a manufacturing defect, please return the item in-store for an inspection with your original receipt. If for any reason you are unable to return to the store, please call or text us at (210)-493-7789, or send an email to email@example.com.
Purchase Policy
Please click here to view our purchase policy.
Add to Your Wishlist
Add to Your Wishlist
Add to your wishlist and share with someone special!
Have a question?
Have a question?
Call or text us! (210)493-7789


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K-Edge Road Braze-on Chain Catcher
The K-EDGE Road Chain Catcher is THE Original Chain Catcher used by professional cyclists and pro teams around the world, in all types of racing including prestigious Olympic Games, World Championships, and Grand Tours, such as the Tour de France, Paris-Roubaix, and Giro d 'Italia.
The K-EDGE chain catcher is a simple add-on component machined to precision which improves the overall function of your drive train and protects your valuable frame from dropped chains.
- Material: 6061-T6 CNC machined Aluminum
- Fitment: All braze-on mounted front derailleurs*
- Hardware: Includes all mounting hardware for Shimano, SRAM, and Campagnolo front derailleurs
* Not compatible with Campy EPS
* May not work with all third party braze-on adapter clamps
- Made in Boise, Idaho, USA,
- Lifetime Guarantee against material or manufacture defects. Damages due to abuse or crashing excluded.
Part Numbers
Option | UPC | MPN | Store SKU |
Blue | 852508002013 | K13-001-BLU | |
Gold | 852508002020 | K13-001-GLD | |
Gunmetal | 852508002044 | K13-001-GUN | |
Red | 852508002037 | K13-001-RED | |
Black | 852508002006 | K13-001-BLK | 210000016247 |


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Insurance Associates, Inc. of the Midwest provides livestock insurance to farmers and ranchers in Monticello, Oxford Junction, Cascade, Anamosa, Hopkinton, Lost Nation, and surrounding areas.
As the owner and operator of an independent farm or ranch, you've made a number of investments into your agribusiness – equipment, machinery, and crops. Livestock is also a big investment for farmers and ranchers alike, and like any financial asset, you'll want to ensure a high-level of security and protection – so your animals will stay covered.
At Insurance Associates, Inc. of the Midwest, we know that the health and safety of your animals directly affects the health and profitability of your farm. Livestock insurance can protect you and your farm against the financial losses that could occur if your animals are harmed or killed as a result of a covered accident such as a fire, blizzard, or other natural disaster – even when your animals in transit.
Livestock insurance policies will vary from person to person, farm to farm, and animal to animal. The insurance value of each animal is usually its purchase price, but other factors such as performance level or value of your animal's offspring can increase that value. A specialist at Insurance Associates, Inc. of the Midwest can help you determine the right amount of coverage at a price that meets your needs.


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The nation's economy "expanded at a measured pace" in recent weeks, the Federal Reserve Board reports in its latest anecdotal look at how things are going across the U.S.
The central bank's Beige Book review of conditions in its 12 bank districts finds that:
"Cleveland, Richmond, Atlanta, Chicago, Kansas City, Dallas, and San Francisco grew at a modest pace, while St. Louis and Minneapolis indicated a somewhat stronger increase in activity. In contrast, Boston reported a slower rate of growth.
"Weaker conditions in New York were attributed to widespread disruptions at the end of October and into November caused by Hurricane Sandy. Philadelphia reported general weakness that was exacerbated by the hurricane. However, in the Boston and Richmond Districts, the storm's effects were mostly limited. Contacts in a number of Districts expressed concern and uncertainty about the federal budget, especially the fiscal cliff."
All told, the report seems to add to the evidence that the economy continues to slowly move along — not fast enough to bring unemployment down significantly, but just strong enough to keep unemployment from rising.
The Beige Book (named for the color of its cover) is prepared eight times a year for meetings of Fed policymakers. It is based on interviews with employers and others around the country.
On the key issue of consumer spending, the Fed says it:
"Increased at a moderate pace in most Districts in recent weeks, with mixed reports from Dallas. In New York, sales were ahead of plan prior to Hurricane Sandy, and merchants expect to recoup sales lost during the storm as residents replace destroyed or damaged property.
"Philadelphia contacts reported slower growth since the last report. Apparel sales picked up in Boston, and Richmond indicated that home and garden stores reported stronger sales ahead of Hurricane Sandy.
"Durable goods sales varied across Districts. For example, Boston and Chicago noted an improvement in furniture, while sales in that category declined in Cleveland. Chicago reported flattening in electronics sales, whereas San Francisco contacts reported significant sales gains for consumer technology products."
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.