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text:
Logistics ISO 22301 – Business Continuity Management – Awareness Training
This training has been designed to help you keep business activities moving forwards in the event of any disruption.
A Business Continuity Management System (BCMS) shows you how to manage training activities, exercises and reviews so that key business processes are defined and protected against threat in the case of serious incident.
Establishing an effective and comprehensive BCSM, based on the principles of ISO 22301, is essential for producing a Business Impact Analysis (BIA) that aids identification of critical activities, co-dependence areas and resources needed to support key products and services. The BCMS offers you insight into the impact of failure in any of these areas and allows you to plan strategic and tactical steps to prepare for the worst-case scenario.
By the end of this training participants will be able to:
- Explain the purpose of a Business Continuity Management System (BCMS)
- Understand the processes involved in establishing, implementing, operating and monitoring, reviewing and improving an BCMS as defined in ISO 22301
- Describe the purpose, content and interrelationship of ISO 22301
- Understand the purpose and requirements of ISO 22301 as a tool for the continual improvement of a BCMS
The training is an introduction for anyone involved in the development, implementation and management of a BCSM based on ISO 22301. If you plan to complete other training, such as Internal Auditor and the Lead Auditor Training, you will receive during this course the knowledge and understanding of ISO 22301 upon which to build auditing skills.
This training comprises lecture and workshop exercises.
Successful completion of this and the Internal BCMS Auditor Training fulfill part of the training requirements for certification as an Internal Auditor with the International Register of Certified Auditors (IRCA).
Contact SGS today to learn how ISO 22301 Awareness Training can keep your business on track in the event of disruption.

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text:
Technics M245X
The main features of the Technics RS-M245X are: 2 heads, digital linear tape counter with 4 digits, automatic tape type selection and capable of handling normal, chrome and metal tapes with automatic equalization selection, belt driven single-capstan transport.
Typical front loading cassette deck with the cassette compartiment located on the left side of the deck. Tape eject is operated mechanically and the cassette needs to be placed with the side to be played facing forward in the cassette well.
Level meters used on the RS-M245X are generic digital peak reading meters with multi-color indication to provide visual saturation level of tape and peak hold for easy adjustment of optimum recording level. Full-logic transport controls used on the RS-M245X let it respond to the slightest finger contact for fast and effortless transport function selection. Cue and review can be used to easily and quickly locate the beginning of a passage.
Dolby C-type used in the RS-M245X provides 20 dB of noise reduction above about 1,000 Hz, fully doubling the amount given by B-type. Dbx Type II found in the RS-M245X is a simplified version of the Type I noise reduction system. The dbx Type II system was designed to be used with systems with limited bandwidth such as cassette based recorders and also uses a simple 2:1:2 compander to reduce noise.
To make live recordings this deck has 2 microphone inputs to connect microphones with a jack connector. For undisturbed listening a jack connector for a pair of stereo headphones is supplied. Connection to other audio components for plaback can be achieved by a RCA cable and recording from a source by a RCA cable. All main transport commands can be issued remotely with a wired remote control.
Copying product information from this page and use it in your auction or on your website is allowed only if you submit a picture of the Technics RS-M245X to us. This picture has to be made by yourself, showing the deck with its entire front and containing no watermarks or logos. In case we discover that you copied Technics RS-M245X content without sharing images in return then you give us the right to use the content on the page where you used our Technics RS-M245X information.


text:
Saying he is choosing "one of my closest friends and one of my closest advisers" for the job, President Obama on Friday said that longtime aide Denis McDonough will be his next chief of staff.
During a midday event at the White House that was remarkable for the expansive comments the president made about his friend's character, his dedication and the respect he gets from those who work in the administration, Obama said McDonough has "the kind of heart that I want in the White House."
"Despite the unbelievable pressures" McDonough has faced as a top national security adviser, the president said, he is "the first to think about a colleague or to write a handwritten note. ... That's the spirit that I want in this White House."
The announcement was followed by lengthy applause from the White House staff. As we reported earlier, the move of McDonough into that post is one of a few personnel announcements Obama is making.
Update at 12:15 p.m. ET. Announcement Is Made:
The president just made it official, saying he is "pleased to announce my next chief of staff ... a great friend to me and to everybody who works at the White House, Mr. Denis McDonough."
As we reported earlier, the move of McDonough into that post is one of a few personnel announcements Obama is making.
Our original post:
President Obama is moving longtime aide Denis McDonough into the chief of staff post that has opened up with the nomination of Jacob "Jack" Lew to be Treasury secretary, White House officials tell NPR and other news organizations. The formal announcement is scheduled for just after noon ET.
McDonough, as The New York Times writes, is currently a deputy national security adviser. His shift will be among several personnel announcements the president will make.
Among the other names that will come up is one that's familiar in law enforcement circles: Lisa Monaco.
Monaco, 44, is in line to become deputy national security adviser for Homeland Security and Counterterrorism. The post is contingent on the Senate confirmation of John Brennan as director of the Central Intelligence Agency.
Monaco is currently the leader of the Justice Department's National Security Division, where she oversees major counterterrorism and espionage cases and monitors threats to the nation's cyber infrastructure.
"For the last four years, Lisa has been one of my most trusted advisers on national security matters and I am thrilled by this announcement," Attorney General Eric H. Holder Jr. says in a statement about his aide's move to the White House. "Lisa has no rival when it comes to her dedication to this nation, her experience in national security issues and her excellent judgment. I know she will continue to serve this nation and this president with the same integrity and great skill she has demonstrated while at the Department of Justice."
Monaco started her career as a federal prosecutor in Washington, D.C., and eventually moved to the FBI, where she served as a top lawyer for director Robert S. Mueller III. Longtime friend Andrew Weissmann worked closely with Monaco on the Justice Department's Enron Task Force a decade ago, when they built criminal cases against executives at the disgraced Houston energy firm.
Weissmann, now general counsel of the FBI, says Monaco has what it takes to operate at the highest levels of the national security establishment. "Lisa is wise beyond her years," Weissmann said, "and notably, keeps her cool under fire. Those qualities will continue to serve her and our country well."
Monaco has earned a measure of bipartisan support. She has worked at Justice through three different presidential administrations: Bill Clinton, George W. Bush and Barack Obama.
Ken Wainstein, a White House homeland security adviser for President Bush, calls her a "devoted public servant." Wainstein himself made the transition from a job overseeing national security at Justice into the White House. And he says Monaco is ready for the move.
"The job requires a deep understanding of the interagency bureaucracy ... a strong background in the x's and o's of national security operations, and strong leadership ability — and I think she brings all that in abundance," Wainstein said.
Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


text:
The Book of Memories™ is the most advanced permanent online memorial available for those wishing to pay tribute the memory of a loved one, friend or co-worker and we are pleased to make it available to the families and communities we serve.
The lighting of a Memorial Candle provides a gesture of sympathy and support to the immediate family during their time of need; but also illustrates, for future generations, how their loved one brightened the lives of those they knew and loved.
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text: There are a few steps that patients need to take prior to anesthesia. First, you should not eat or drink anything at least 8 hours prior to surgery and refrain from smoking 12 hours prior to surgery. You will need someone to accompany you to the surgery and drive you home after. On the day of surgery, do not wear any jewelry, contact lenses, or dentures. If you regularly take medications, discuss those with the doctor to ensure that they are approved prior to surgery. Other than these simple considerations, there is nothing else you need to do to prepare for surgery.


text:
Wednesday, April 1, 2009
In Honor of the Rick Roll
Wednesday, April 1, 2009
Carl found it here; it was made by The Bleeding Heart Bakery, and is one of the nicest Rickroll cakes I've seen. I think the decorator really captured the hair height and patented "Rick Astley Dancing Elbows" quite well, don't you?
And while I'm posting April Fool's related news, I've gotta give a birthday shout-out to my big brother, Ben. Yes, my brother was born on April Fool's. And if you think I didn't get some serious teasing-mileage out of that growing up, you are quite mistaken. [wicked grin] Happy birthday, Ben!
*After today, though, all bets are off.
63 comments | Post a Comment
Even if I don't get Rick-rolled today, (and I'm gullible enough that it just might happen) I'm going to have that song stuck in my head for the rest of the day.
Thanks, Jen. Thanks alot. ;) - April 1, 2009 at 2:45 PM
- Boozy Tooth said...
I have actually been Rick Rolled. That crazy Perez Hilton! But I don't mind. I'm old enough to remember Rick Astley when "Never Gonna Give You UP" was a new hit. Heck, it's on my iPod.
So, yeah, I'd pay for that cake. What the heck. - April 1, 2009 at 2:50 PM
- Half Assed Kitchen said...
I want the elbow piece!!!
Angie (from over at www.HalfAssedKitchen.com) - April 1, 2009 at 2:52 PM
- Laura Dotson-Thomson said...
That's just sad.... The cake I mean, not the people being tricked into clicking the link :D
- April 1, 2009 at 2:54 PM
- Nicole said...
Best thing I've seen all day.
- April 1, 2009 at 3:04 PM
- Kara said...
I was Rick Roll'd by Google today... burn.
- April 1, 2009 at 3:09 PM
- Karen said...
My brother was born on April 1st too!! And he's the baby of the family. You're right, serious teasing material.
- April 1, 2009 at 3:18 PM
- StuffCooksWant said...
Ha Ha....I already fell for a Rickroll today. You think I'd learn. The cake is lovely. The hair is spot-on. I would totally eat this cake.
- April 1, 2009 at 3:18 PM
- Baking and Mistaking said...
Never gonna give you up
Never gonna let you down
Never gonna run around and DESSERT you. - April 1, 2009 at 3:23 PM
- ChiaLynn said...
The only thing that would make it better is if the cake were styrofoam. My father's an April Fool - and he swears he can spot a styrofoam cake at 100 paces.
- April 1, 2009 at 3:27 PM
- Val said...
My cousin's birthday is April 1st. My family tells the story of my uncle calling everyone saying "It's a boy!" and everyone saying "Yeah right, ha ha April Fool's" and hanging up on him!
- April 1, 2009 at 3:33 PM
- Giusi. said...
bahaha that's awesome. i'm so rick rolling everyone today ;D
- April 1, 2009 at 3:45 PM
- Bluepaintred said...
wow. rickroll is SO over! the cake is neat but....rick roll...sigh.
Hey,. how do you submit a cake for this blog? I found an AWESOME..ok wait. maybe awesome isn't the word to be used here...anyway... check it out : http://twurl.nl/53ob0m
(dunno if that will make itself into a link or not, I'm not all HIP and Up on that HTML stuffs!) - April 1, 2009 at 3:46 PM
- Pink said...
I like how if he was human-sized, his right arm from shoulder to elbow would be about 4" long. :P
- April 1, 2009 at 3:47 PM
Hey kind of looks like if Rick Astley and Beavis had a love child!
Never gonna give you up (breakin the law, breakin the law)... - April 1, 2009 at 3:49 PM
- Scraplin said...
I have to say I have never been Rick rolled, so all of this was new to me..LOL Great blog, as usual!
- April 1, 2009 at 3:51 PM
- Anita said...
I want that cake ... but I want Rick on an Apple OSX computer, not a Windoze.
- April 1, 2009 at 4:11 PM
- Etiquette Bitch said...
okay, how is it that i loved Rick Astley in high school, and i've never seen this supposed rick-roll internet thingy? i know i'm way out of touch, but this proves it. i also don't twitter. yikes!
- April 1, 2009 at 4:13 PM
I'm surprised the 'here' link wasn't a rick roll.
I love being rick rolled. - April 1, 2009 at 4:13 PM
- Alison said...
Just for credit to the baker, it's a Bleeding Heart Bakery creation! (I just happened to find their flickr the other day and saw that while looking through it all!)
http://www.flickr.com/photos/thebleedingheartbakery/2947659621/ - April 1, 2009 at 4:23 PM
- Marji said...
Thank you Cakewrecks. I'm a middle-aged mom who doesn't get out much and you are my go to link for pop culture references. How did I go this long without knowing about the Rickroll. I lived through the Astley era, had the smooth dances moves, could complete a pretty fair hair flip ala Rick's bitchin' hot dancers, but was living in ignorance until today. You make me laugh. I am indebted. I'm hungry for cake.
- April 1, 2009 at 4:28 PM
This is my fav rickroll cake:
The cake is a lie... because it's a rickroll :) - April 1, 2009 at 4:28 PM
"Never Gonna Give You Up" is my ringtone! You should see the smiles and laughs I get every time I get a call out in public. My daughter calls me when we are out just to see everyone's reactions.
- April 1, 2009 at 4:29 PM
- Tonya said...
It's MY birthday today too! Yay for all us "fools"!
I love this cake, so funny! - April 1, 2009 at 4:29 PM
- Melissa (& Billy) said...
LOL, I should ask for one of these for my friend Dan-it's his birthday today! =) Gets points for execution, that's for sure.
I've never been the victim of a Rickroll myself, but I wouldn't be opposed to it. I was a RA fan back in the day. =D Brings back memories of high school! - April 1, 2009 at 4:32 PM
- Pink said...
Shame on you, Marji! I lived through the Rick Astley era too. I love the 80s! But I would never in my wildest dreams call myself middle age! I'm only 37. :P
- April 1, 2009 at 4:53 PM
- Wolverine Girl said...
I've been Rick Rolled once, but I love the song so it was all good hehehe. And I agree with Paige - it really does look like Rick Astley and Beavis's love child.
- April 1, 2009 at 5:58 PM
Rick-rolling comments
in the "rick-roll cake" blog post -
so original. - April 1, 2009 at 6:05 PM
Rick Roll'd...lol.
I was so bummed today. I spotted a Wreck...and I DIDN'T HAVE MY CELL PHONE WITH ME TO GET A PIC!!!. Just damn. - April 1, 2009 at 6:13 PM
I Rick-rolled all of my wedding reception guests. They have almost all told me that it was their favorite part of the event! hahahaha
You have no idea how rad it was to have everyone singing along then! - April 1, 2009 at 6:29 PM
- angelscairns said...
I must be living under a rock because I have never heard of Rick Astley OR the term "rickrolled". I had to Google it.
I think I'll go back under my rock now and put on a Stevie Ray Vaughan CD, which is what I was listening to in 1987. - April 1, 2009 at 6:30 PM
- Exit, pursued by a Bear said...
erm.... did the record stick?
"never gonna give/never gonna give"
Was there not room for "you up"? - April 1, 2009 at 6:56 PM
- Liv said...
lol that's awesome!!
You know - I've never been Rick-rolled...one of my friends did - so I asked him to send me the link! :)
Yeah...I love how they captured Rick's hair on that cake...very 80s :)
My parents had their first date on April Fools Day...who knew the joke was on them - they've been married almost 30 years!! :P
Thanks for the Rick cake, Jen!! :)
--Liv-- - April 1, 2009 at 7:13 PM
- Malibu Niki said...
That is the most awesome thing I have ever seen. I'd love to have been there to see everyone's faces when they took the cake out. Rolled!
- April 1, 2009 at 7:17 PM
- elesa said...
All I gotta say is that Rick Astley is a snappy dancer!
- April 1, 2009 at 7:22 PM
- Cats said...
Haha! The only way to make a Rickroll cake even better would be to place the facade of a normal cake over it. You take that off, and BAM! You got cakerolled!
- April 1, 2009 at 7:35 PM
GD it. I was not expecting Rick at all.
Emily - April 1, 2009 at 7:48 PM
Is it just me, or does ol' Rick look kind of like Conan O'Brian?
- April 1, 2009 at 8:10 PM
- sendingtheclowns said...
Yeah!!! April Fool babies are THE smartest!
Our son is 15 today, and he already knows EVERYTHING he'll EVER have to know (just ask him)!
!!Happy Birthday to Big Ben and ALL4/1 babies!!
(And what the heck does any of this have to do with Mr. Rick One-Hit Wonder?)
I remember seeing that video on MTV and muting it after the first 10,000 times...and needing a prescription sleep aid at night for weeks.
So anyway, that cake is dated 10/12/08 (? 05?)--whatever--which means that *apparently* whoever got it couldn't ever give it up.
Or eat it. Or bear to blow out the candles. And it still looks so fresh! >^-~^< - April 1, 2009 at 8:17 PM
Hi I found your site whilst looking for help in icing a cake on the web. I haven't laughed so much in ages, I have been crying with laughter, a combination of the cakes and your incredibly funny commentary. Thank you, thank you, thank you. I will be visiting your blog again soon, and telling all my friends to visit too. Amanda W. in the UK.
- April 1, 2009 at 8:20 PM
- Kristie said...
Today is my birthday, too! I have been Rick-rolled, but also love the song... :)
- April 1, 2009 at 8:29 PM
brack obama rolled!
XD - April 1, 2009 at 8:48 PM
- StephiTwoHands said...
My birthday isn't on April Fools Day but I still want a Rickroll cake...
- April 1, 2009 at 10:09 PM
I'm sorry, but Jen and Ben??? haha :)
- April 1, 2009 at 10:38 PM
As an april fools' baby, I think the joke is on everyone else! I never forget what day it is, so I never fall for jokes/pranks/etc. :D It's funny to watch people try, tho!
-Erica- - April 1, 2009 at 11:05 PM
Bluepaintred, I was hoping you were going to Rickroll us. At least you didn't Goatse.cx us. :D
Word verification: scing
Seems like a good description of Bluepaintred's link. :D - April 2, 2009 at 12:09 AM
- Philippa said...
My little brother was born on April Fool's Day. His name is Ben too!
- April 2, 2009 at 12:20 AM
- sendingtheclowns said...
ang said...
"... I think I'll go back under my rock now and put on a Stevie Ray Vaughan CD, which is what I was listening to in 1987."
You have excellent taste...
Mind if I join you under that rock?
Stevie Ray Vaughan's stuff is some of my favorite music to listen to NOW.
=^--^= - April 2, 2009 at 12:35 AM
A couple of my friends were born on April Fools Day...always a fun day
The cake...I think I'm one of those people who will never tired of a good RickRoll...a good one that is
And this is one - April 2, 2009 at 1:35 AM
The cake was "one of the best Rick Roll Cakes" you've seen?
Um...exactly how many of those things are out there? - April 2, 2009 at 2:20 AM
- Jules said...
Great post.;D
Happy Fools day.;D - April 2, 2009 at 2:27 AM
- jackie31337 said...
Somewhere on the internet, there must be a picture of a jelly-roll cake with "Rick" written on it. If not, I think I'll have to make one.
- April 2, 2009 at 4:08 AM
- Nonoy said...
That cake looks so yummy..;D
Nice post.I'd love to be here on your blog.;D - April 2, 2009 at 4:34 AM
I found one: http://meppu.vuodatus.net/blog/732934 from Finland. The wedding theme was finnish lakes...
- April 2, 2009 at 4:50 AM
- Renan Lopes said...
check out this cake! http://twitpic.com/2osu2
- April 2, 2009 at 8:12 AM
Love your blog, I read it every day. Tell your brother I sympathize. My birthday is April fools day too, and I have had more than my share of jokes.
- April 2, 2009 at 9:09 AM
- Paula said...
Funny-my little brother's birthday is April 1st. The teasing of "you being born was a joke" is fun. :)
- April 2, 2009 at 9:19 AM
- purplewowies said...
You know what never gets old? The literal RickRoll. It has some language, but it's awesome.
That cake is OK, but I would never order it. - April 2, 2009 at 11:30 AM
OK, so those of you who didn't know what a Rickroll was, did you watch the Macy's Thanksgiving parade?! Cartoon Network had RA on their float and Rickrolled the whole viewership! My kids thought it was hysterical, as is this cake!! I SO need to get one of those for my 13yo's next birthday.
- April 2, 2009 at 1:53 PM
- B^2 said...
Yesterday was my birthday too! So please share my own birthday wishes with your brother.
April Fool's birthdays are awesome, and those of us lucky enough to born on the day know those of you who made fun/make fun are just jealous. ;) - April 2, 2009 at 1:56 PM
- Sara said...
I Rick-rolled my own wedding reception back in October when the bridal party, groom and I entered the hall. 'Twas a good time I'll never regret
- April 2, 2009 at 5:20 PM
Something tells me I'd be well advised not to click any of the links in this post...
Word verification--Ressect: to dissect a second time. - April 2, 2009 at 11:55 PM
- Oscelot said...
I'm amazed nobody has sent you this yet. http://www.instructables.com/id/PortalRickroll-Cake/?ALLSTEPS
- April 3, 2009 at 8:09 AM
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This is a blog post derived from Tim Ferriss's email newsletter that I receive from him, and it's basically his words which succinctly summarizes Tools Of Titans.
I am an avid follower of Tim, ever since his first book called 4-Hour Workweek, and I followed him and listened to his podcasts and blog. He is not the kind of "numbers and sales driven guy", but truly a person that is curious and frequent experimenter, and I highly endorse all his books (I've enjoyed them all), including this one: Buy Tools of Titans here.
From the man himself, Tim Ferriss:
This blog post will share the first chapter in my new book, Tools of Titans. It's been nearly five years since my last book.
But before we get to that, a short story…
Three weeks before my book deadline, I was burning the midnight oil on rural Long Island. I'd set up a treadmill desk and purchased endless supplies of yerba mate tea, powdered MCT oil, and other assorted goodies to keep me sharp at 3am.
Joining me in the insanity was Kamal Ravikant, a close friend. He'd just finished his first novel and volunteered to help proofread chapters with fresh eyes. During our first day together, we rotated between reading, editing, and sauna breaks.
Kamal was uncharacteristically quiet, which made me nervous.
Had I screwed up the structure? Were the profiles hard to read? He kept his eyes on the screen, and I kept my insecurities to myself. We continued into dusk and, soon, it was dark outside. Eventually, we popped a bottle of wine in the living room to relax for 30 minutes before diving back in. It was at this point that I couldn't help myself – I asked Kamal how his proofing was going. He paused, smiled, and looked at me:
"You know, Tim, I've given The 4-Hour Workweek and The 4-Hour Body to specific friends. One might want to start a business, another might want to lose a few pounds. But my God… This book applies to everyone."
I smiled and he took a swig of wine:
"I mean, look," he pointed at his phone, "I've been taking notes on new things to do and try, starting tomorrow. I've ordered 11 things on Amazon Prime so I can start using them as soon as I get home. There is so much gold here. The truth is that I feel like I've already improved. I'd buy it for anyone, even my mom."
Flash forward to today — I couldn't be happier with how Tools of Titans has turned out.
Just three notes before the sample chapter:
– Even if you've heard every podcast episode, there is a ton of new content in this book. New recommendations and details from past guests, new "guests" you haven't heard, new content from me, and much more.
– I rarely make direct "asks," but I will here. If you've benefited from any of my work in the past, including the blog (700+ free posts) or podcast (~200 free episodes), please grab Tools of Titans for yourself and consider it for your family, friends, or employees. It's one hell of a holiday gift. I can promise you that. It delivers.
– I am NOT planning on doing an audiobook version anytime soon. More to come on this, as I have some crazy ideas, but suffice to say: don't wait for audio. Please grab the print and/or ebook version, and don't miss the illustrations.
Now, please enjoy this little sample to whet your appetite…
"Out on the edge you see all kinds of things you can't see from the center. Big, undreamed-of things—the people on the edge see them first."
— Kurt Vonnegut
"Routine, in an intelligent man, is a sign of ambition."
— W.H. Auden
I'm a compulsive note-taker.
To wit, I have recorded nearly every workout since age 18 or so. Roughly 8 feet of shelf space in my home is occupied by spine upon spine of notebook upon notebook. That, mind you, is one subject. It extends to dozens. Some people would call this OCD, and many would consider it a manic wild goose chase. I view it simply: It is the collection of my life's recipes.
My goal is to learn things once and use them forever.
For instance, let's say I stumble upon a picture of myself from June 5, 2007, and I think, "I really wish I looked like that again." No problem. I'll crack open a dusty volume from 2007, review the 8 weeks of training and food logs preceding June 5, repeat them, and—voilà—end up looking nearly the same as my younger self (minus the hair). It's not always that easy, but it often is.
This book, like my others, is a compendium of recipes for high performance that I gathered for my own use. There's one big difference, though—I never planned on publishing this one.
As I write this, I'm sitting in a café in Paris overlooking the Luxembourg Garden, just off of Rue Saint-Jacques. Rue Saint-Jacques is likely the oldest road in Paris, and it has a rich literary history. Victor Hugo lived a few blocks from where I'm sitting. Gertrude Stein drank coffee and F. Scott Fitzgerald socialized within a stone's throw. Hemingway wandered up and down the sidewalks, his books percolating in his mind, wine no doubt percolating in his blood.
I came to France to take a break from everything. No social media, no email, no social commitments, no set plans . . . except for one project. The month had been set aside to review all of the lessons I'd learned from nearly 200 world-class performers I'd interviewed on The Tim Ferriss Show, which has more than 90,000,000 downloads. The guests included chess prodigies, movie stars, four-star generals, pro athletes, and hedge fund managers. It was a motley crew.
More than a handful of them had since become collaborators in business and creative projects, spanning from investments to indie film. As a result, I'd absorbed a lot of their wisdom outside of our recordings, whether over workouts, wine-infused jam sessions, text message exchanges, dinners, or late-night phone calls. In every case, I'd gotten to know them well beyond the superficial headlines in the media.
My life had already improved in every area as a result of the lessons I could remember. But that was the tip of the iceberg. The majority of the gems were still lodged in thousands of pages of transcripts and hand-scribbled notes. More than anything, I longed for the chance to distill everything into a playbook.
So, I'd set aside an entire month for review (and, if I'm being honest, pain au chocolat), to put together the ultimate CliffsNotes for myself. It would be the notebook to end all notebooks. Something that could help me in minutes but be read for a lifetime.
That was the lofty goal, at least, and I wasn't sure what the result would be.
Within weeks of starting, the experience exceeded all expectations. No matter the situation I found myself in, something in this book was able to help. Now, when I'm feeling stuck, trapped, desperate, angry, conflicted, or simply unclear, the first thing I do is flip through these pages with a strong cup of coffee in hand. So far, the needed medicine has popped out within 20 minutes of revisiting these friends, who will now become your friends. Need a reassuring pat on the back? There's someone for that. An unapologetic slap in the face? Plenty of people for that, too. Someone to explain why your fears are unfounded… or why your excuses are bullshit? Done.
There are a lot of powerful quotes, but this book is much more than a compilation of quotes. It is a toolkit for changing your life.
There are many books full of interviews. This is different because I don't view myself as an interviewer. I view myself as an experimenter. If I can't test something or replicate results in the messy reality of everyday life, I'm not interested. Everything in these pages has been vetted, explored, and applied to my own life in some fashion. I've used dozens of these tactics and philosophies in high-stakes negotiations, high-risk environments, or large business dealings. The lessons have made me millions of dollars and saved me years of wasted effort and frustration. They work when you need them most.
Some applications are obvious at first glance, while others are subtle and will provoke a "Holy shit, now I get it!" realization weeks later, while you're daydreaming in the shower or about to fall asleep.
Many of the one-liners teach volumes. Some summarize excellence in an entire field in one sentence. As Josh Waitzkin (page 577), chess prodigy and the inspiration behind Searching for Bobby Fischer, might put it, these bite-sized learnings are a way to "learn the macro from the micro." The process of piecing them together was revelatory. If I thought I saw "the Matrix" before, I was mistaken, or I was only seeing 10% of it. Still, even that 10%—"islands" of notes on individual mentors—had already changed my life and helped me 10x my results. But after revisiting more than a hundred minds as part of the same fabric, things got very interesting very quickly. For the movie nerds among you, it was like the end of The Sixth Sense or The Usual Suspects: "The red door knob! The fucking Kobayashi coffee cup! How did I not notice that?! It was right in front of me the whole time!"
To help you see the same, I've done my best to weave patterns together throughout the book, noting where guests have complementary habits, beliefs, and recommendations.
The completed jigsaw puzzle is much greater than the sum of its parts.
"Judge a man by his questions rather than his answers."
— Pierre-Marc-Gaston de Lévis
These world-class performers don't have superpowers.
The rules they've crafted for themselves allow the bending of reality to such an extent that it may seem that way, but they've learned how to do this, and so can you. These "rules" are often uncommon habits and bigger questions.
In a surprising number of cases, the power is in the absurd. The more absurd, the more "impossible" the question, the more profound the answers. Take, for instance, a question that serial billionaire Peter Thiel likes to ask himself and others:
"If you have a 10-year plan of how to get [somewhere], you should ask: Why can't you do this in 6 months?"
For purposes of illustration here, I might reword that to:
"What might you do to accomplish your 10-year goals in the next 6 months, if you had a gun against your head?"
Now, let's pause. Do I expect you to take 10 seconds to ponder this and then magically accomplish 10 years' worth of dreams in the next few months? No, I don't. But I do expect that the question will productively break your mind, like a butterfly shattering a chrysalis to emerge with new capabilities. The "normal" systems you have in place, the social rules you've forced upon yourself, the standard frameworks—they don't work when answering a question like this. You are forced to shed artificial constraints, like shedding a skin, to realize that you had the ability to renegotiate your reality all along. It just takes practice.
My suggestion is that you spend real time with the questions you find most ridiculous in this book. Thirty minutes of stream-of-consciousness journaling (page 224) could change your life.
On top of that, while the world is a gold mine, you need to go digging in other people's heads to unearth riches. Questions are your pickaxes and competitive advantage. This book will give you an arsenal to choose from.
When organizing all of the material for myself, I didn't want an onerous 37-step program.
I wanted low-hanging fruit with immediate returns. Think of the bite-sized rules within these pages as PEDs—performance-enhancing details. They can be added to any training regimen (read here: different careers, personal preferences, unique responsibilities, etc.) to pour gasoline on the fire of progress.
Fortunately, 10x results don't always require 10x effort. Big changes can come in small packages. To dramatically change your life, you don't need to run a 100-mile race, get a PhD, or completely reinvent yourself. It's the small things, done consistently, that are the big things (e.g., "red teaming" once per quarter, Tara Brach's guided meditations, strategic fasting or exogenous ketones, etc.).
"Tool" is defined broadly in this book. It includes routines, books, common self-talk, supplements, favorite questions, and much more.
In this book, you'll naturally look for common habits and recommendations, and you should. Here are a few patterns, some odder than others:
- More than 80% of the interviewees have some form of daily mindfulness or meditation practice
- A surprising number of males (not females) over 45 never eat breakfast, or eat only the scantiest of fare (e.g., Laird Hamilton, page 92; General Stanley McChrystal, page 435)
- Many use the ChiliPad device for cooling at bedtime
- Rave reviews of the books Sapiens, Poor Charlie's Almanack, Influence, and Man's Search for Meaning, among others
- The habit of listening to single songs on repeat for focus (page 507)
- Nearly everyone has done some form of "spec" work (completing projects on their own time and dime, then submitting them to prospective buyers)
- The belief that "failure is not durable" (see Robert Rodriguez, page 628) or variants thereof
- Almost every guest has been able to take obvious "weaknesses" and turn them into huge competitive advantages (see Arnold Schwarzenegger, page 176)
Of course, I will help you connect these dots, but that's less than half of the value of this book. Some of the most encouraging workarounds are found in the outliers. I want you to look for the black sheep who fit your unique idiosyncrasies. Keep an eye out for the non-traditional paths, like Shay Carl's journey from manual laborer to YouTube star to co-founder of a startup sold for nearly $1 billion (page 441). The variation is the consistency. As a software engineer might say, "That's not a bug. It's a feature!"
Borrow liberally, combine uniquely, and create your own bespoke blueprint.
I want you to skip anything that doesn't grab you. This book should be fun to read, and it's a buffet to choose from. Don't suffer through anything. If you hate shrimp, don't eat the goddamn shrimp. Treat it as a choose-your-own-adventure guide, as that's how I've written it. My goal is for each reader to like 50%, love 25%, and never forget 10%. Here's why: For the millions who've heard the podcast, and the dozens who proofread this book, the 50/25/10 highlights are completely different for every person. It's blown my mind.
I've even had multiple guests in this book—people who are the best at what they do—proofread the same profile, answering my question of "Which 10% would you absolutely keep, and which 10% would you absolutely cut?" Oftentimes, the 10% "must keep" of one person was the exact "must cut" of someone else! This is not one-size-fits-all. I expect you to discard plenty. Read what you enjoy.
All that said, take a brief mental note of anything you skip. Perhaps put a little dot in the corner of the page or highlight the headline.
Could it be that skipping and glossing over precisely these topics or questions has created blind spots, bottlenecks, and unresolved issues in your life? That was certainly true for me.
If you decide to flip past something, note it, return to it later at some point, and ask yourself, "Why did I skip this?" Did it offend you? Seem beneath you? Seem too difficult? And did you arrive at that by thinking it through, or is it a reflection of biases inherited from your parents, family, friends, and others? Very often, "our" beliefs are not our own.
This type of practice is how you create yourself, instead of seeking to discover yourself. There is value in the latter, but it's mostly past-tense: It's a rearview mirror. Looking out the windshield is how you get where you want to go.
I was recently standing in Place Louis Aragon, a shaded outdoor nook on the River Seine, having a picnic with writing students from the Paris American Academy. One woman pulled me aside and asked what I hoped to convey in this book, at the core. Seconds later, we were pulled back into the fray, as the attendees were taking turns talking about the circuitous paths that brought them there that day. Nearly everyone had a story of wanting to come to Paris for years—in some cases, 30 to 40 years—but assuming it was impossible.
Listening to their stories, I pulled out a scrap of paper and jotted down my answer to her question. In this book, at its core, I want to convey the following:
Success, however you define it, is achievable if you collect the right field-tested beliefs and habits. Someone else has done your version of "success" before, and often, many have done something similar. "But," you might ask, "what about a first, like colonizing Mars?" There are still recipes. Look at empire building of other types, look at the biggest decisions in the life of Robert Moses (read The Power Broker), or simply find someone who stepped up to do great things that were deemed impossible at the time (e.g., Walt Disney). There is shared DNA you can borrow.
The superheroes you have in your mind (idols, icons, titans, billionaires, etc.) are nearly all walking flaws who've maximized 1 or 2 strengths. Humans are imperfect creatures. You don't "succeed" because you have no weaknesses; you succeed because you find your unique strengths and focus on developing habits around them.
To make this crystal-clear, I've deliberately included two sections in this book (pages 197 and 616) that will make you think: "Wow, Tim Ferriss is a mess. How the hell does he ever get anything done?" Everyone is fighting a battle you know nothing about. The heroes in this book are no different. Everyone struggles. Take solace in that.
This book is comprised of three sections: Healthy, Wealthy, and Wise. Of course, there is tremendous overlap across the sections, as the pieces are interdependent. In fact, you could think of the three as a tripod upon which life is balanced. One needs all three to have any sustainable success or happiness. "Wealthy," in the context of this book, also means much more than money. It extends to abundance in time, relationships, and more.
My original intention with The 4-Hour Workweek (4HWW), The 4-Hour Body (4HB), and The 4-Hour Chef (4HC) was to create a trilogy themed after Ben Franklin's famous quote: "Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise."
People constantly ask me, "What would you put in The 4-Hour Workweek if you were to write it again? How would you update it?" Ditto for 4HB and 4HC. Tools of Titans contains most of the answers for all three.
Where guests have related recommendations or philosophies, I've noted them in parentheses. For instance, if Jane Doe tells a story about the value of testing higher prices, I might add "(see Chase Jarvis, page 170)," since he explains in depth how and why he chose to "go premium" with his pricing as a photographer from day one.
I've included ample doses of the ridiculous. First of all, if we're serious all the time, we'll wear out before we get the truly serious stuff done. Second, if this book were all stern looks and no winks, all productivity and no grab-assing, you'd remember very little. I agree with Tony Robbins (page 210) that information without emotion isn't retained.
In all sections, there are multiple non-profile pieces by guests and yours truly. These are typically intended to expand upon key principles and tools mentioned by multiple people.
Siddhartha by Hermann Hesse is recommended by many guests in this book. There is one takeaway that Naval Ravikant (page 546) has reinforced with me several times on our long walks. The protagonist, Siddhartha, a monk who looks like a beggar, has come to the city and falls in love with a famous courtesan named Kamala. He attempts to court her, and she asks, "What do you have?" A well-known merchant similarly asks, "What can you give that you have learned?" His answer is the same in both cases, so I've included the latter story here. Siddhartha ultimately acquires all that he wants. Bolding is mine:
Merchant: ". . . If you are without possessions, how can you give?"
Siddhartha: "Everyone gives what he has. The soldier gives strength, the merchant goods, the teacher instruction, the farmer rice, the fisherman fish."
Merchant: "Very well, and what can you give? What have you learned that you can give?"
Siddhartha: "I can think, I can wait, I can fast."
Merchant: "Is that all?"
Siddhartha: "I think that is all."
Merchant: "And of what use are they? For example, fasting, what good is that?"
Siddhartha: "It is of great value, sir. If a man has nothing to eat, fasting is the most intelligent thing he can do. If, for instance, Siddhartha had not learned to fast, he would have had to seek some kind of work today, either with you, or elsewhere, for hunger would have driven him. But, as it is, Siddhartha can wait calmly. He is not impatient, he is not in need, he can ward off hunger for a long time and laugh at it. "
I think of Siddhartha's answers often and in the following terms:
"I can think" → Having good rules for decision-making, and having good questions you can ask yourself and others.
"I can wait" → Being able to plan long-term, play the long game, and not misallocate your resources.
"I can fast" → Being able to withstand difficulties and disaster. Training yourself to be uncommonly resilient and have a high pain tolerance.
This book will help you to develop all three.
I created Tools of Titans because it's the book that I've wanted my entire life. I hope you enjoy reading it as much as I enjoyed writing it.
Pura vida,
Tim Ferriss
Paris, France
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Hang around here for some time, you'd see that I don't well with hype or bullshit. I can smell that typically a mile away, and I hate that shit too.
I've been working on myself and on NigelChua.com for years, since 2006, and only in late 2019, I started to focus on intuitive and loving leadership, entreprenership and personal development.
Here are some areas that I work on a consistent, ongoing basis.
See the Tools & Resources I use to improve my life, businesses, health, build passive income and more.
The core topics I cover in NigelChua.com is:
- Eternal life and salvation: Jesus Christ is the Way, the Truth & the Life
- Fix your health: get healthier, live longer, run faster, more energy, fuck more
- Passive Income Lifestyle: Become financially secure by building assets that provides multiple streams of passive income that's more than your living expenses
- Personal Loving Relationships: Attract, build and grow relationships you love
- Philanthropy: giving to the poor and needy
- Philosophy: Conscious, purposeful and positive living
- Productivity: How to become more efficient and productive in important things. Mastering them causes you take less them whilst increasing productivity.
- Insure yourself and your loved ones (Health insurance is important)
- Add-on Adventures: Become rich and wealthy
- Add-on Adventures: Build businesses that add positive value to your society and life
- Success Principles
Take action TODAY: One year from today, you'll be one year older. What would you have done by then?


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Eyelid and Orbit Anatomy
Our eyes are probably the most important vital structures we have in our body. They discovered on the surface by a thin layer of skin and soft tissue called the eyelids. The eyelids serve multiple purposes including protecting the eyeball from injury, controlling the amount of light that enters the eye and also constantly lubricating the eyeball with tears secreted by the lacrimal gland during blinking. All these functions together help maintain the structural integrity of the eyeball and protect them from external influences.
From an anatomical point of view, the eyelid consists primarily of skin, underlying soft tissue also called a subcutaneous tissue and a thin layer of muscle called the orbicularis oculi. Under this muscle are other issues that divide the area into different planes. These are called septum and include the fibrous orbital septum and tarsi. In adds to to this, in order for the eyelids to open are lid retractors that help assist blinking. Finally, there also exists a small amount of fat tissue as well. The eyeball is covered by a thin layer of tissue called the conjunctiva.
Anatomy of the eyelid
The description above only offers a superficial overview of the anatomy of the eyelid. If one were to look at the eyelid in a more detailed manner, a sagittal section taken across the eyelid will offer a clear view of the various structures that form it. Of course, it must be borne in mind that the structures that are visualised depend on the plane at which the sections are taken.
As mentioned above, the tissues can be divided into planes by structures called the septum. The orbital septum differentiates the orbital tissue from the lid. Behind the septum are a number of different other structures, a knowledge of which is essential if surgery is to be performed. In particular, it is essential to identify the anterior and posterior lamellae. In essence, the anterior lamella consists of the skin and the orbicularis oculi muscle while the posterior lamella consists of the conjunctiva and the tarsus.
Let's take a look at the structures of the eyelid in a bit more detail.
The eyelids
The upper eyelid starts at the eye and extends up words joined the skin of the forehead. It is distinguished from the forehead skin by the presence of eyebrows. Similarly, the lower eyelid starts at the eye and extends to join the skin of the cheek. Upon close inspection, it is evident that the Lord eyelid is a lot looser than the upper eyelid, particularly because the tissue within the cheek that blends with the lower eyelid is a lot denser.
At the top of the upper eyelid is a fold in the skin called a skin crease or the superior palpebral sulcus. It lies around 8 to 11 mm above the margin of the upper eyelid and consists of fibres of the levator aponeurosis. Similarly, there also exists another skin fold in the lower eyelid called the inferior palpebral sulcus. However, this skin fold is often more prominent in children and can become less prominent as one gets older. Anatomically, the inferior skin crease is seen around 3 to 5 mm below the outer aspect of the lid margin.
The inner aspect of the eyelid is called the inner canthal region. At this region runs a fold of skin called the nasojugal fold. From an anatomical point of view, this fold lies between the orbicularis oculi and the levator labii superioris. To put it in simpler terms, the nasojugal fold is that area of the inner aspect of the eye where tears roll down and can accumulate. It is also called the tear trough. Similar to the nasojugal fold is another fold of skin that is evident in the outer aspect of the eyeball. This is called the malar fold and runs from the outer aspect towards the nasojugal fold.
When the eyes are open, the space between the upper and lower eyelids is typically described as 'fusiform'. This space is also called the palpebral fissure. Typically the palpebral fissure measures between 28 to 30 mm wide and around 9 to 10 mm in height. If one were to examine the palpebral fissure in a bit more detail, it would be evident that the highest point of the fissure lies at that point on the upper eyelid that corresponds to a point at the inner aspect of the pupil. Younger individuals have the upper eyelid slightly higher than older individuals in whom it lies at about 1.5 mm below the margin of the eyeball called the limbus. Similarly, the lower eyelid lies at the border of the lower limbus.
There are two points at which the upper and lower eyelids meet. The one on the inner aspect is called the medial canthus while that at the outer aspect is called the lateral canthus. Both of these have a unique angle at which the upper and lower eyelids meet. When examined along a horizontal plane, the medial canthal angle is located around 2 mm lower than the lateral canthal angle in Caucasians; it is 3 mm lower in Asians. The nose lies around 15 mm on the inside of the medial canthus.
In a nutshell, the palpebral fissure consists of the medial and lateral canthus, the lacrimal papillae (part of the tear glands, also called lacrimal glands) and a small opening of the lacrimal glands through the lower eyelid at the medial canthus called the punctum lacrimale.
Skin and subcutaneous tissue
The eyelid is primarily made of skin. It is the thinnest skin in the body and is less than 1 mm thick. Within the skin are a number of glands called sebaceous glands that secrete an oily substance called sebum. These glands are in larger numbers at the nasal aspect of the eyelid. If one were to trace back the skin of the upper and lower eyelid, it would be clearly evident that once it joins the forehead or the cheek, the texture of the skin changes and becomes a lot thicker. Furthermore, the texture of skin is also different at the various folds described above. Below the skin is a layer of thin connective tissue called a subcutaneous tissue (sub = under, cutaneous = skin).
Underneath the skin, along with the subcutaneous tissue is a thin layer of fat. However, the amount of fat is negligible when compared to other parts of the body. Typically, subcutaneous tissue is absent at points where the skin is attached directly to underlying ligaments such as the medial and lateral palpable ligaments. The skin and subcutaneous tissue can be subject to certain clinical conditions such as dermatochalasis and blepharochalasis.
Orbicularis oculi muscle
The orbicularis oculi muscle plays an important part in the function of the eyelids and also in facial expressions. When it contracts and relaxes, the skin over the muscle tends to move as well. The orbicularis oculi muscle is attached to the skin through fibres tissues that form what is called the superficial musculoaponeurotic system.
Broadly divided, the orbicularis oculi muscle consists of two main parts. The orbital part plays a role when the eyelids need to be tightly shut. It is further divided into pretarsal and preseptal segments. The other part is called the palpebral portion that plays a role in winking and blinking. The muscle is supplied by the facial nerve then divides into different branches to supply these different muscles. Anatomically, the facial nerve travels under the muscle groups and supplies it from under it surface.
The orbital part of the orbicularis oculi muscle has a close relationship with other muscles responsible for facial expression. It originates from the inner margin of the orbit, further attaching to the upper and inner aspect of the orbital bone, the maxillary process that arises from the frontal bone, the lower and inner aspect of the orbital bone and the frontal aspect of the maxillary bone. The path taken by the muscle is typically described as 'horseshoe shaped'. The muscle fibres mingle with the surrounding facial muscles such as the corrugator supercilii and the frontalis muscle. As they travel around, they also interdigitate with the anterior temporalis fascia.
The preseptal portion of the orbicularis oculi muscle consists of a superficial and deep muscle head. The fibres of this portion that lie within the upper and lower eyelid join and the outer aspect to form a structure called the lateral palpebral raphe. The pretarsal portion also has similar origins and its fibres run under the lateral palpebral raphe, inserting into a bony structure at the outer aspect of the orbital bone called the lateral orbital tubercle through the lateral canthal tendon.
Submuscular areolar tissue
This is a loose connective tissue that lies beneath the orbicularis oculi muscle. It can form an anatomical plane that divide the eyelid into a front (anterior) and back (posterior) portion. The fibres of the levator aponeurosis then passed through this plane in the upper eyelid. A small portion of these fibres contribute towards the development of the upper eyelid crease. Similarly, in the lower eyelid, the fibres of the orbitomalar ligament passed through this plane.
If this anatomical plane were to be tracked towards the eyebrow area, the retro-orbicularis oculi fat will be traversed. If the plane were to be tracked towards the cheek, the sub-orbicularis oculi fat would be traversed.
Tarsi and Orbital septum
Tarsal plates
In order for the eyelids to maintain their shape and integrity, within them is dense fibrous tissue called tarsal plates. Each of these tarsi is around 1mm thick and 29 mm in length. There are 2 main types of tarsi – the superior tarsus and inferior tarsus. The superior tarsus is crescentic in shape and measures around 10mm vertically in its central aspect. It narrows outs as it traverses towards the nose and outer aspect of the eyelid. Its lower area is what forms the back of the eyelid that lies next to the conjunctiva of the eyeball. Similarly, the inferior tarsus lies in the lower eyelid, measures 3.5 – 5mm in height at its centre, and also lies in contact with the conjunctiva. Each of the tarsi are attached to the margin of the orbits through the medial and lateral palpebral ligament.
Within the tarsal plates are 25 tiny glands called mebomian glands. These glands are as tall as the tarsus, and they open at a point just in front of the lid margin where the conjunctiva meets the skin (mucocutaneous junction). If one were to look closely, they lie behind a grey line on the margin of the eyelid.
Medial palpebral ligament
Also called the medial canthal tendon (MCT), the medial palpebral ligament is a band of fibrous tissue that holds the inner aspect of the tarsal plates in place. It is closely related to the orbicularis oculi muscle and the tear ducts. The MCT is composed of an anterior limb which is formed by a small part of the superficial aspect of the orbicularis muscle that lies behind the tarsus. It traverses along a horizontal plane but is also attached to the frontal bone through a superior extension. The deeper part of the orbicularis muscle inserts into the back aspect of the lacrimal crest and the lacrimal sac fascia. The fascia of the lacrimal sac is therefore closely related to the various aspects of the MCT.
Lateral palpebral ligament
Also called the lateral canthal tendon (LCT), the lateral palpebral ligament is also a band of fibrous tissue that originates from the tarsus, traverses outwards under the orbital septum and eventually inserts into the lateral orbital tubercle (this lies around 1.5mm behind the lateral orbital rim). The LCT is around 10.5mm long and 6.5 mm wide, and at its midpoint attaches around 10mm below the frontozygomatic suture. The orbital septum and the LCT are separated by a pocket of fat called the Eisler pocket. In adds to, the LCT is attached to the outer part of the orbital rim through a superficial plane of fascia. This has been also called the superficial lateral canthal tendon and helps to keep the lateral canthus stable.
When traced above and below, the LCT attaches to the lateral horn of the levator aponeurosis above while the lower aspect forms an arc where it attaches. During outer movement of the eye (abduction), the lateral canthal angle moves around 2mm as well, and this occurs due to the fibres that attach from the back of the lateral check ligament of the lateral rectus muscle.
A structure called the lateral tarsal strap has been described by Flowers. This is believed to be different to the LCT, and connects the tarsal plate of the lower lid to the lower, outer aspect of the orbital rim. Anatomically, it is a broad and rather sturdy structure. It lies just 3mm below and 1 mm behind the LCT, and 4-5 mm behind the anterior orbital rim. If excised, it allows for elevation of the lateral canthus.
Orbital septum
A septum often refers to a band of tissue that separates a structure. The orbital septum is a connective tissue band that attaches to the border of the orbital bone at the periosteum (outer aspect of a bone). Within its central structure, the septum joins the lid retractors at the lid margins. If one were to look at the septum a lot more closely, it contains a number of layers (lamina) that are in close relationship with the anterior connective tissue framework. From a functional point of view, the septum has mobility similar to the eyelids.
We have already discussed how the septum attaches to the lid margin. If one were to trace the septum in an outward direction (laterally), it is evident that it is attached to the margin of the orbit, around 1.5mm in front of the attachment of the LCT. The orbital septum is separated from the LCT by the previously discussed Eisler's pocket of fat. While traversing laterally, the septum runs along the rim of the orbit at the arcus marginalis. When traversing above and towards the nose, the septum runs across the supraorbital groove, in front of the trochlea and along the posterior aspect of the lacrimal crest. From an anatomical point of view, this position results in the septum lying in front of the medial check ligament and behind the lacrimal sac and Horner muscle.
When tracing the attachment of the septum, it passes the lacrimal sac fascia, eventually reaching the anterior lacrimal crest at a point corresponding to the lacrimal tubercle. It then passes below this crest and along the lower rim of the orbit, ultimately leaving the rim at a point beyond the zygomaticomaxillary suture. This results in creation of a small space (recess) due to its separation from the zygomatic bone - this is called the premarginal recess of Eisler, and is filled with fat. Eventually, the septum reaches the lateral orbital margin at a point that lies just below the Whitnall ligament.
Another extension of the septum exists from the point where the orbital septum joins the levator aponeurosis. Described by Reid et al, this extension travels over the tarsal plate and ultimately reaches the ciliary margin. The function of this septum is to aid the levator aponeurosis, and should be borne in mind when operating on the eye.
Orbicularis retaining ligament
Also called the orbital retaining septum or orbitomalar ligament, this ligament attaches the orbicularis oculi muscle to the lower rim of the orbit. It is weak in its central aspect, and a lot stronger in the lower-outer aspect. When traced laterally, it is contiguous with tissue that is formed by fusion of the outer part of the orbicularis oculi and the deeper periosteum and temporalis fascia. This fusion is called the orbital thickening. This orbital thickening covers the frontal process of the zygomatic bone.
As one gets older, the orbicularis retaining ligament tends to get thinned out and stretched, with these changes more prominent in the central aspect. When excised along with the orbital thickening, it results in full release of the superficial fascia that lines the orbital rim.
Upper lid retractors
The upper lid retractors are a group of muscles whose main function is the keep the upper eyelid elevated. The muscle that forms a part of this is called the levator palpebrae superioris (LPS). This muscle originates from the bottom aspect of the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone located within the skull. It consists of 2 heads - the levator muscle and the superior rectus muscle. They are joined together by fibrous tissue. From its origin, the LPS traverses horizontally forward for about 40mm, ending in an aponeurosis that is around 10mm posterior to the orbital septum. It then takes a more vertical course toward the Whitnall ligament (superior transverse ligament).
The Whitnall ligament is similar to the previously described orbital fascia and lies in close proximity to the aponeurotic and muscular junction of the LPS. It extends around the upper margin of the orbit in a plane that lies between the lacrimal gland fascia and the trochlea. The LPS varies in thickness, and is relatively thin in areas between the upper orbital rim and the Whitnall ligament.
When traced inwards and outwards, the LPS aponeurosis forms 'horns' called medial and lateral horns. The lateral horn runs through the lacrimal gland, dividing it into 2 lobes - the palpebral lobe and the orbital lobe. Having done this, it goes on to attach to the lateral retinaculum located at the lateral orbital tubercle. On the other hand, the medial horn has a more direct course and is fixed to the posterior lacrimal crest.
The aponeurosis eventually reaches the border of the superior tarsal plate having fused initially with the orbital septum. At the bottom end of this fusion, a small part of the aponeurosis attaches to the lower aspect of the anterior part of the tarsal plate. One part of this fusion extends forwards to insert into the pretarsal orbicularis oculi muscle and skin, resulting in the formation of the skin crease in the upper eyelid.
Fat Pads
There are a number of different fat pads that are present within and around the eyelid. One layer of fat called the pre-aponeurotic fat is found right behind the orbital septum and in front of the levator aponeurosis. Also within the upper eyelid are two more areas that contain fat pads that are centrally and medially (towards the nose) located. The medial fat pad is pale yellow in colour and lies in front of the levator aponeurosis.
On the other hand, the central pad of fat is broader and yellow in colour. As it travels outwards, it wraps around the inner aspect of the lacrimal gland. The lacrimal gland can be clearly seen and differentiated from this fat by its pink colour and lobulated structure. The lacrimal gland is positioned just posterior to the orbital margin but may possibly prolapse slightly making it more prominent when the eye is examined.
While the above described the fat pads within the upper eyelid, the lower eyelid fat pads are slightly different in structure. The inferior oblique muscle separates the central fat pad from the dinner medial fat pad. There is a small amount of fat that lies in front of the inferior oblique muscle as well. The inferior oblique muscle originates from a small indentation in the lower border of the orbital floor, moving behind the orbital margin and at the upper aspect of the nasal lacrimal canal. It passes underneath the inferior rectus muscle and through the Tenon capsule, ultimately inserting at the point close to the macula of the eye. This rather winding course of the inferior oblique muscle makes it vulnerable to injury during this section of the fat pads around the eyelid and eye.
Blood supply
The eyelids are supplied by branches of the internal and external carotid arteries. The ophthalmic artery branches off the internal carotid artery and supplies different parts of the eyelid. At the inner part of the upper eyelid, the ophthalmic artery splits into two and traverses outwards the supply both the upper and the lower eyelid. The branch that supplies the lower eyelid is in fact a branch that arises from the superior marginal vessel (that supplies the upper eyelid). The superior and inferior marginal vessels that arise from the ophthalmic artery together form the marginal arcade.
The marginal arcade arteries are located at the front of the tarsus, 4 mm from the upper eyelid and 2 mm from the lower eyelid margin each. The superior marginal arcade gives rise to a peripheral arcade that runs in front of the Muller muscle, giving it a superficial plane and making it prone to injury during eyelid surgery. The peripheral arcade in the lower eyelid is often rudimentary.
Another branch of the internal carotid artery is the lacrimal artery that passes through the orbital septum along each eyelid and ultimately joins the marginal arcade.
While the above described the branches of the internal carotid artery, the external carotid artery supplies the eyelids as branches of the facial artery, infraorbital artery and the superficial temporal artery. Each of these pride branches that anastomosis with other arteries on the face. For example, the branch of the superficial temporal artery that supplies the eyelids joins with the zygomatic branch and transverse facial branch.
Lymphatic drainage
The lymphatic drainage of the eyelid is rather extensive. The majority of the upper eyelid and the outer half of the lower eyelid drain into the pre-auricular lymph nodes, while a small part of the middle of the upper eyelid and the inner half of the lower eyelid drains into the submandibular lymph nodes.


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Pastel Roses and Heart Pattern
Bow Ties are hand-made and should not subjected to harsh pulling or other rough handling. Bow Ties are for outer wear only and should not be ingested. In case of ingestion notify proper health authority as soon as possible if you suspect life threatening issues. Purchaser releases Bow Tie Atticus from any legal action and does not hold Bow Tie Atticus responsible should a bow tie become ingested. Non-toxic hot melt adhesives used and defined as not hazardous by code 29 CFR1910.1200/Conforms to ASTM D-4236-88. Bow Ties can be gently cleaned with damp cloth.


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From the kitchen of One Perfect Bite...I know, I know. The color is impossible. I've tried to tone it down but to no avail. It remains greener than the glorious hues that blanket the floor and hillsides of the valley in which we live. I obviously wouldn't post this, if it had no merit. So, let me say upfront, that these crostini are different, delicious and decidedly easy to prepare. If you are still looking for nibbles with which to start your holiday meal you might want to give them a try. The recipe was developed by Giada De Laurentis who obviously must love peas. She has used them to create a pesto that can be used as a spread or pasta sauce. I made a few changes to her recipe, but they are really minor and involved the addition of extra garlic and a squirt of fresh lemon juice. I also thought the size of the crostini was too large for a nibble, so I used a baguette and cut it into 12 rather than the 8 pieces that were recommended. The pesto should be made several hours before you plan to serve it. Its flavors improve with age and I think you'll be surprised at how well they meld. While this may not be to the liking of all, it is a really nice spring starter that I think you'll enjoy. Here's the recipe.
Crostini with Pea Pesto...from the kitchen of One Perfect Bite courtesy of Giada De Laurentis
1 garlic clove
1/2 cup grated Parmesan
1 teaspoon kosher salt, plus extra for seasoning
1/4 teaspoon freshly ground black pepper, plus extra for seasoning
1/3 cup olive oil
8 (1/2-inch thick) slices whole-grain baguette or ciabatta bread, preferably day-old, * see Cook's Note
1/3 cup olive oil
8 cherry tomatoes, halved or 1 small tomato, diced
1) To make pesto: Pulse peas, garlic, Parmesan, 1 teaspoon of salt and 1/4 teaspoon of pepper together in a food processor. With machine running, slowly add olive oil until well combined, about 1 to 2 minutes. Season with additional salt and pepper, if needed. Transfer to a small bowl and set aside.
2) To make crostini: Preheat a stovetop griddle or grill pan on medium-high heat. Brush both sides of sliced bread with olive oil and grill until golden, about 1 to 2 minutes. Transfer bread to a clean surface and spread 1 to 2 tablespoons of prepared pesto on each slice. Top with tomato halves and serve. Yield: 8 crostini.
One Year Ago Today: Fresh Cod and Potato Cakes with Tarragon Sauce
Two Years Ago Today: Spring Vegetable Ragout


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Who doesn't love sunglasses? A pair of stylish shades not only makes us more fashionable but also provides vital protection for our eyes!
Where did the idea of sunglasses begin, though? Let's learn a little bit more about the history of sunglasses and how they came to be what they are today. Although, their past may be a bit more "shady" than you imagined!
Early Makeshift Sunglasses Protected Against Glare
The earliest sunglasses we know of date back around 2,000 years ago when the Inuit people created a type of eyewear from walrus ivory to protect against snow blindness. These shades were more of a cover for the eye with small slits carved into them so as to see but still block out the sun's glare.
Later, the Roman emperor, Nero, watched gladiator fights through gemstones, such as emeralds. These also had the purpose of blocking out glare. An emperor can't be expected to squint while watching fights to the death, can he?
The Chinese didn't want to cover their eyes from the sun, however. They simply wanted to hide their emotions! Around the 12th century, Chinese judges wore quartz over their eyes so as to appear expressionless when they heard cases.
Tinted Shades Had Other Uses In Later Centuries
In the 1700s, an English optician named James Ayscough developed blue and green tinted lenses thinking they could correct some vision impairments. Protecting the eyes from the sun wasn't his aim when developing them.
Around the 1800s, however, these tinted glasses were commonly prescribed for people with syphilis, as one of the disease's symptoms is sensitivity to light. Interestingly enough, these glasses actually looked similar to John Lennon's iconic round, tinted shades!
Hollywood Stars Put Sunglasses On The Map
The first mass-produced sunglasses made to protect eyes from the sun's rays were made by Sam Foster in 1929. Sunglasses became popular with actors and actresses of the time because of the bright lights of movie sets and flashes of cameras. Of course, the general population soon took notice and sunglasses became all the rage!
Sunglasses weren't just meant to add to your wardrobe, however. In 1937, United States Air Force pilots adopted the classic Aviator sunglasses to protect their eyes from the bright sun and allow them to see while flying. One of the unique features of Aviator sunglasses is their drooping frame. This was meant to provide protection for the pilots even when they had to glance downward toward the plane's instrument panels! Pretty cool, huh?
Come Explore Our Collection Of Sunglasses
We love sunglasses! They protect our eyes from harmful UV rays and always keep us in style. Not to mention they have a fascinating past! At our practice we carry only the most reliable, high-quality brands so you can have shades that last for years to come.Come check out our collection today!


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Extra Large Plain Combo Jumping Castle
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We offer a delivery & pick up service for our customer's convenience. We deliver right across Sydney & beyond. All items can be delivered however certain items can be collected. Items such as jumping castles, slushy machines, soft serve machines cannot be picked up from us and only available for delivery.
All items have a delivery charge, to get an actual delivery cost to your location please add the item to the cart and proceed to the checkout.
Deliveries must be to ground floor with access of at least 820mm wide access point for our standard items, some items do require larger access points.
Some deliveries that go beyond 9pm may have a surcharge, reach out to us and we'll see what we can do to make your event planning a breeze.


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Source ECBECB: European Central Bank. on 2024-07-25, => history
World currencies conversion rates on Thursday, July 25, 2024 21:54:04.
The conversion rates are supplied by ECB (European Central Bank) renewed daily, they are only for reference during one day. Please see also the history of evolution, conversion rate of this currency, or the variation chart of EUR => USD. The cross table of world foreign currencies gives a global view, and the list of the World Currencies is also to be consulted.
This version is too slow, here is the alternative version.


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Starting Dec. 12, the Vatican says, Pope Benedict XVI will be on Twitter to answer questions about faith.
His Holiness will be posting as @Pontifex.
"The handle is a good one. It means 'pope' and it also means 'bridge builder'," Greg Burke, senior media adviser to the Vatican, tells Reuters.
Can he say a lot in 140 characters or less?
Well, the Vatican does have each of the Ten Commandments coming in under that length here:
"1. I am the LORD your God: you shall not have strange Gods before me.
"2. You shall not take the name of the LORD your God in vain.
"3. Remember to keep holy the LORD'S Day.
"4. Honor your father and your mother.
"5. You shall not kill.
"6. You shall not commit adultery.
"7. You shall not steal.
"8. You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.
"9. You shall not covet your neighbor's wife.
"10. You shall not covet your neighbor's goods."
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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Fan clutch - how long can I run without fan clutch engaging on 2RZE
Discussion in '4 Cylinder' started by netsomnia, Sep 4, 2014.


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Background check with optional surveillance
It's a big decision. Middlesbrough Detectives can supply the information you need to make an informed choice and go ahead with intelligence, clarity and confidence.
Committing yourself to somebody through marriage is an exciting step in life. You're not only committing yourself to that individual emotionally, but financially too. With UK marriage laws rapidly changing to reflect those of our American cousins, pre-nuptial assessments will soon be an integral part of the process of a pre-nuptial agreement.
When considering a pre-nuptial agreement, first ask yourself the question: "Do I really know this person?" Middlesbrough Detectives pre-nuptial assessment and in-depth investigation services will ensure that you know the whole truth about your future spouse.
If your partner drives and you are unsure when the infidelity is taking place, Middlesbrough Detectives always recommend vehicle tracking. This allows us to build up a pattern of the subject's movements without having to do hours of surveillance, which can become costly.
Middlesbrough Detectives recommend a minimum of 2 weeks of vehicle tracking so you can compare the first week against the second to see if there is a pattern of movement or visits to an unknown address.
Once we have a pattern of movement, you can discuss with your Case Manager the best time to do surveillance to get photographic evidence, should you need it.
If your partner doesn't drive the best option available is surveillance. In the first instance, Middlesbrough Detectives always recommend at least 5 hours surveillance. This will allow us to monitor your partners movements and give us a good indication as to whether further investigation would be necessary. You can then discuss with your Case Manager if additional surveillance would be beneficial to you.
If you are unsure when the surveillance should take place we recommend that you speak with one of our Case Managers to discuss the most cost-effective way forward.
Middlesbrough Detectives offer surveillance and vehicle tracking packages to cover all eventualities. To book either service today or to find out more information, call 01642 386 216.
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Power of the Elements 1.16.5-1.15.2 is a unique weapon mod. This adds a lot of new blocks and ores to your minecraft that can be used to create elemental swords. It also adds items that you can combine with weapons and magic abilities.
The mod adds a lot of mobs that also have their own abilities and battle tactics. Diversify the boring vanilla weapons and make the battles more exciting. You will have access to more than 40 types of weapons and this can be enhanced using magic elements.
How to install Power of the Elements
- Download and install Forge
- Make sure that you have the "Java" application installed.
- Download the "Zip" archive from our website.
- Inside this is a "Jar" mod. It can also contain old and new builds.
- Select the latest version of the "Jar" file that matches the game version.
- Please note that some releases may contain bugs, incompatibilities with other modifications, and in some cases may cause conflicts within Forge or Fabric. You can try installing the previous build to fix this.
- Move the "Jar" file to the "Mods" folder.
- This folder is located at the following path:
Mac OS X:
/Users/Your Profile Name/Library/Application Support/minecraft/
Quick way to get there: Click on the desktop and then press the combination of "Command+Shift+G" keys at the same time.
Type ~/Library and press the "Enter" key.
Open the Application Support folder and then MinecraftWindows 11, 10, 8, 7:
C:\Users\Your Profile Name\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\
Quick way to get there: Press the "Windows" key and the "R" key at the same time.
Type %appdata% and press "Enter" key or click OK. - The "Mods" folder is created automatically when you install Forge or Fabric, but you can always create it manually.
- Open the launcher and select the desired modloader.
- Launch the game and enjoy the new gameplay.
- Ready!
Created by: gigaherz


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Our 2020 vision is to nurture a new cycle of growth, thereby we will be undergoing a temporary hibernation as we focus on this process. Please do continue to enjoy and explore our teachings and tools to further your learning journey until we return. Sign up for our newsletter to stay connected with us!


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Crucial 240-pin DIMMs are used in DDR3 memory for desktop computers. DDR3 is the latest generation of memory with an improved architecture that allows it to transmit data more quickly.
A dual inline memory module (DIMM) consists of a number of memory components (usually black) that are attached to a printed circuit board (usually green). The gold pins on the bottom of the DIMM provide a connection between the module and a socket on a larger printed circuit board. The pins on the front and back of a DIMM are not connected to each other.
Each 240-pin DIMM provides a 64-bit data path (72-bit for ECC or registered or Fully Buffered modules). (The Ballistix™ and Ballistix Tracer™ high-performance memory do not come in 72-bit or registered modules.) Standard DDR3 240-pin DIMMs are currently available in PC3-8500 (DDR3 1066MHz) and PC3-10600 (DDR3 1333MHz) speeds. Additional speeds will be added as the technology becomes available.
To use DDR3 memory, your system motherboard must have 240-pin DIMM slots and a DDR3-enabled chipset. This is because a DDR3 SDRAM DIMM will not fit into a standard DDR2 DIMM socket or a DDR DIMM socket.
Form Factor : UDIMM
Module Size : 8GB
Kit Qty : 1
Speed : 1600 MT/S
Tracer : False
Voltage : 1.5V
DIMM Type : Unbuffered
Warranty : Limited Lifetime
Bullet Features : Increases system performance
Specs : DDR3 PC3-12800
1024Meg x 64
The number of black components on a 240-pin DIMM can vary, but it always has 120 pins on the front and 120 pins on the back, for a total of 240. 240-pin DIMMs are approximately 5.25 inches long and 1.18 inches high, though the heights can vary. While 240-pin DDR3 DIMMS, 240-pin DDR2 DIMMs, 184-pin DDR DIMMs, and 168-pin DIMMs are approximately the same size, 240-pin DIMMs and 184-pin DIMMs have only one notch within the row of pins


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- Next story We read of the courageous march south to battle the Confederate Army by the all:black 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry. Unlike their white counterparts, they understood from the beginning that they would be offered no quarter if captured alive :Burgess Owens
- Previous story We've made two products; one is a 155 mm 52:calibre gun with self:propelling and towing capability. This is a field gun : the mainstay of the Indian army like the Bofors guns. Our gun is similar but of a longer range. That was 39 calibre; this is 52. The calibre denotes the length of the barrel and the range :Baba Kalyani
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