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Red Sox - 130 002 000 - 6 9 1Ryan Kalish hit his first major league home run, a two-run line drive to right-center in the sixth. It came right after New York had cut Boston's lead to 4-3.
Yankees - 200 010 000 - 3 9 1
Buchholz (7.1-9-3-0-4, 97) had only two perfect innings, but after Mark Teixeira hit a hanger out of the yard to right-center on his ninth pitch of the night, HH allowed only two other Yankees to get past second base. Terry Francona had an early hook, going to Daniel Bard after Buchholz gave up a one-out double in the eighth. Bard got the two outs, and while Derek Jeter battled Jonathan Papelbon for a 12-pitch walk with two outs in the ninth, Bot retired Nick Swisher on a fly ball to left to end the game.
David Ortiz homered to deep center in the first. Jacoby Ellsbury drew a bases-loaded walk in the second, an inning in which Vazquez threw 39 pitches, walking three batters (one intentionally) and crowding Francisco Cervelli on an infield pop-up that clanked off the catcher's mitt for an error.
Ellsbury also made a diving catch on a sinking line drive in the eighth (Bard's first batter). He dove forward, towards the infield, and ended up belly-flopping semi-awkwardly on the grass. There was a quick shot during a replay of Ellsbury holding his left side for a few seconds.
The Blue Jays beat the Rays 2-1, so Boston gained a game in both the East (now 5 GB) and the WC (4.5 GB).
Pre-Game: Hideki Okajima to the DL with an injured calf; Felix Doubront is up from Pawtucket.Clay Buchholz / Javier Vazquez
Ellsbury, CF
Scutaro, SS
Ortiz, DH
Martinez, C
Beltre, 3B
Drew, RF
Lowell, 1B
Kalish, LF
Lowrie, 2B
W L PCT GB RS RA DIFThe Red Sox begin a four-game series at Stade Fasciste. Buchholz leads the AL with a 170 ERA+ and has allowed only 2 earned runs and 7 hits in his last two starts (15 innings). Buchholz has the best road ERA (2.36) of any AL starter, as well as the best nighttime ERA (1.94).
Yankees 67 40 .626 --- 576 442 +134
Rays 67 41 .620 0.5 543 413 +130
Red Sox 62 47 .569 6.0 561 496 + 65
Some stuff from New York:George A. King III, Post:
While Yankee fans are jazzed about burying the Red Sox in The Bronx, that could be getting far out in front. ...That should probably be an "0-3 deficit".
Who can forget six years ago this coming October, when the Red Sox recovered from a 3-0 deficit in the ALCS against the Yankees? Sure, the names have changed for each team -- but ...
If the Yankees win three of four, they put more distance between themselves and the Red Sox. Split and nothing but time comes off the calendar. Lose three, or worse, get swept, and the math changes quickly in the Red Sox's favor.
Kevin Kernan, Post:
Now that Alex Rodriguez has his 600th home run, it's time he and the Yankees take on another big job:John Harper, Daily News:
Bagging the Red Sox. ...
[T]he Yankees have an opportunity this weekend. They can push the Red Sox out of the race. If they let them get back in it, anything is possible. ...
A lost weekend for the struggling Sawx would put them in a precarious position heading into the final eight weeks of the season. ... The last thing the Yankees need come October is to run into their old pals from Boston. ...
Boston, no matter what, is just too dangerous a team to mess with come October.
[A]fter learning Thursday that Kevin Youkilis will have thumb surgery and is out for the season, the Red Sox appear ready to be put away for the season.Mike Lupica, Daily News:
But do these Yankees have that killer instinct?
Therein lies the intrigue to this four-game series. Joe Girardi's ballclub is 27 games over .500, once again in first place, mostly because it has beaten up on the dregs of the American League, going 23-8 against the Orioles, Indians, Royals and Mariners ... [T]he Yankees are only 14-14 vs. the Rays, Red Sox and Blue Jays this season ...
The Sox have shown enough grit, in the face of an injury plague similar to the one that ruined the Mets in 2009, to make you think the Yankees could be making a mistake by giving them any sort of opening. ...
It is not often the Yankees get the chance to leave the Sox for dead in early August. They really should take advantage of it.
The Red Sox aren't going to catch the Yankees or the Rays for the wild card. ...Mike: If Boston is not catching anyone, as you just stated as a stone cold fact, why does it matter what happens this weekend? ... What? Your columns are merely extemporaneous bullshit that have no meaning, logic or coherence*? I see.
[The Yankees] have to take three of four or maybe all four off the wounded Red Sox this weekend, knock them right out of the conversation ...
* - E.g., "The Yankees are some team. They are some deep team ...".
Since July 3, when the Red Sox were 0.5 GB the Yankees, they have gone 13-15.
There are 53 games left in the regular season. Injuries or no injuries, it's time to stop treading water. As David Ortiz said on Wednesday:
We are running out of time. This is the time when you need to win so you don't have to be rushing out in September. You've got to win. Got to.


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How Are Mutual Funds Taxed?
Many people have heard the Benjamin Franklin quote, "In this world nothing is certain but death and taxes." Mutual fund taxes can be onerous. However, if you understand the complexities of mutual fund taxes and are prepared when tax season comes around, you may be able to lessen the blow.
Dividends and Capital Gains
The first thing to remember is that you generally must report any mutual fund distributions as income. Even if you reinvest your profits, the federal government still views this as personal income. Your mutual fund will send you a Form 1099-DIV describing what earnings to report on your income tax return. There are two main ways that mutual funds are taxed: dividends and capital gains.
Dividends represent the net earnings of the fund. Qualified dividends, with some exceptions, are dividends received from domestic and foreign corporations after 2002. Foreign dividends must be securities that are traded on U.S. exchanges or have IRS approval.
Capital gains are profits from investor trading or distributions given to shareholders after revenue is taken in from the fund manager's sales of securities. Provisions in the tax law allow you to pay lower capital gains taxes on the sale of assets held more than one year. These are referred to as "long term" capital gains.
Long-term capital gains (assets held for more than one year) and qualified dividends (dividends that meet the requirements to be taxed as capital gains), are taxed at either the 0%, 15%, or 20% rate (or breakpoint).
Short-term gains — those resulting from the sale of assets held for one year or less — are taxed at your ordinary income tax rate.
Higher-income taxpayers should be aware that they may be subject to an additional 3.8% Medicare unearned income tax on net investment income (unearned income includes dividends) if their adjusted gross income exceeds $200,000 (single filers) or $250,000 (married joint filers).
This means that if you've been buying shares in a stock or mutual fund over the years and are considering selling part of your holdings, your tax liability could be significantly impacted by the timing of your sale.
Tax-Exempt Funds
One way to potentially reduce the amount of mutual fund taxes you could pay is by utilizing a tax-exempt bond fund. Distributions from these types of funds are attributable to interest from state and local municipal bonds, so they are exempt from federal income tax (not necessarily state tax). If a bond was issued by a municipality outside the state in which you reside, the interest could be subject to state and local income taxes. Some municipal bond interest could be subject to the federal alternative minimum tax.
Investing in tax-exempt bond funds potentially could lessen the blow of taxes, but it's important to remember that they may offer lower yields than comparable taxable funds. If you are in a high tax bracket, the tax benefits may make it advantageous for you to invest in lower-yielding tax-exempt funds. Bond funds are subject to the same inflation, interest-rate, and credit risks associated with their underlying bonds. As interest rates rise, bond prices typically fall, which can adversely affect a bond fund's performance. If you sell a tax-exempt bond fund at a profit, you could incur capital gains taxes.
Mutual fund taxes can be cumbersome, but there may be ways to help you potentially pay as little as possible. Remember that there are tax-advantaged accounts that you possibly could utilize, such as IRAs or 401(k)s, to defer taxes until you withdraw funds in retirement. You may want to consider tax-deferred accounts for high-income funds that come with lofty tax rates. Regardless of how you handle your mutual funds, be sure to consult with a tax professional.
The return and principal value of mutual fund shares fluctuate with changes in market conditions. Shares, when redeemed, may be worth more or less than their original cost.
Mutual funds are sold by prospectus. Please consider the investment objectives, risks, charges, and expenses carefully before investing. The prospectus, which contains this and other information about the investment company, can be obtained from your financial professional. Be sure to read the prospectus carefully before deciding whether to invest.
The information in this newsletter is not intended as tax, legal, investment, or retirement advice or recommendations, and it may not be relied on for the purpose of avoiding any federal tax penalties. You are encouraged to seek guidance from an independent tax or legal professional. The content is derived from sources believed to be accurate. Neither the information presented nor any opinion expressed constitutes a solicitation for the purchase or sale of any security. This material was written and prepared by Broadridge Advisor Solutions. © 2024 Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Flood risk analysis study at the German Bight Coast
This article gives a detailed flood risk analysis of the German Bight Coast. This analysis has been performed within the European FLOODsite research project. The study comprises a full probabilistic analysis of the flood defences protecting the hinterland close to the village of St. Peter-Ording on the Eiderstedt peninsula and a micro-scale vulnerability analysis. The results of calculating the flooding probability are used to derive flooding/breaching scenarios, which up to now have been based on experience and expert knowledge. To assess the flood risk and to define specific risk zones, the estimation of the expected damages and its spatial distribution is crucial in addition to the hazard analysis. This done in the multi-criteria vulnerability assessment.
The reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change provide strong evidence that an ongoing global climate change will cause increased storminess and sea level rise in coastal zones. There is little doubt that the North Sea will also be affected by an accelerating rise of the sea-level, an increase in extreme weather events and a greater tidal range. In order to be prepared for future conditions, prevention measures have to be improved and methodologies to assess and manage upcoming risks have to be further developed. As there are still deficits in assessing the full range of flood impacts, new approaches have been developed for hazard analysis, vulnerability assessment, and flood risk management. In order to apply some of these new methodologies, a pilot site application was conducted for the community of St. Peter-Ording at the German North Sea Coast combining failure probabilities of the coastal defence system with micro-scale socio-economic vulnerability analysis.
Study area
Along the German Bight Coast vast low-lying areas are threatened by recurring storm floods and are thus at risk of being flooded. Storm surges with a water level much higher than mean high tide (Mhwl) are a major factor inducing flood risks in coastal areas in Germany. The water level in the North Sea depends primarily on tides and the direction, intensity and duration of winds. The German North Sea Coast is at risk by winds mainly coming from the west and northwest.
St. Peter-Ording is one of the largest communities at the German Bight Coast with 7,278 inhabitants, whereof 4,022 are permanent residents; the others have a temporary home or summer residence. The local economy relies heavily on tourism with over 100,000 guests each year. Furthermore, the municipality has an important regional and national function as health centre with various hospitals and other health facilities. The community is located very exposed on the west coast of Eiderstedt peninsula (cp. Figure 1). The coastal landscape of this investigation area is dominated by dunes, which at least in the north of the town are high enough to serve as a natural coastal protection structure. The size of the study area is approximately 6000 ha of which about 4000 ha are considered to be flood-prone due to the respective elevation distribution. Hence, a flooding of the municipality could spread far into the hinterland of Schleswig-Holstein. Strong storm surges, which may occur several times a year, pose a serious threat to the community. Severe storm surges have occurred in 1962 and 1976, where the former caused heavy damages in the German North Sea Region while during the latter the highest storm surge water levels ever were recorded with a water level up to 4.8 m above mean sea level. In reaction to the 1962 flood, the protective measures were increased along the North Sea coast and the dikes were significantly heightened in St. Peter-Ording, resulting in only minor damages in 1976. Three other storm surges in 1962, 1981, and 1999 did pass the 4.0 m mark and a general increase of storm surge frequency and severity over the last decades can be recorded.
The community is protected against storm floods by a complex coastal defence system (cp. Figure 1). It is divided into a foreland, dune structures (>2.5 km length, between ~10 and 18 m high), a major dike line and a second dike line. The major dike line is 12.5 km long and about 8.0 m high, although not constant over its length. Furthermore, there is a 2 km long so called overtopping dike. This type of dike is designed to withstand wave overtopping and wave overflow. It is therefore considerably lower than standard dikes and is protected by a very solid asphalt cover layer. Risk management, including coastal defence, has to be steadily adjusted to be prepared for future climate conditions.
Concept of flood risk analysis
For coastal defence planning and risk management the knowledge and the spatial distribution of risk are compulsory. Hence, the aim of this investigation is developing new methodologies to better estimate flood risk on a micro-scale level where risk is defined as (Gouldby and Samuels 2005[1]):
- risk = probability x consequence
This definition includes the probability of flooding of the flood prone area and all kinds of consequences of flooding depending on the vulnerability of the flood prone area. However, the resilience of the coastal system or any management activities is not included. A micro-scale vulnerability analysis together with a full probabilistic approach in determining the flooding of the hinterland is the most efficient way to quantify the magnitude of the flood risk and hence form a sound basis for any risk management activities performed in the area. Hence, the key elements of the analysis are a probabilistic hazard analysis, the determination of flooding scenarios based on the hazard analysis and a micro-scale vulnerability analysis. The vulnerability analysis follows an integrated approach and comprises economic, social, and ecological vulnerability criteria. It is divided into a damage potential analysis for St. Peter-Ording carried out with a standardised methodology and damage estimation for different flooding scenarios (cp. Figure 2).
Finally, the methodology includes a GIS-based approach merging the various levels of the economic, social, and ecological vulnerability with scenario-based probabilities of flooding on a micro-scale level. This was then planned to be used to map different zones of flood risks in the area.
Hazard analysis
This section describes the approach to derive the overall probability of failure for all flood defences in the area. This comprises the development of an algorithm according to which the defence line can be split into different sections, that can be treated independently, and the calculation of the failure probability for each section of the flood defence line.
The methodology applied here is following the source-pathway-receptor model as described in Kundzewicz and Samuels (1997)[2]. Risk sources at the German Bight are resulting from storm surges in the North Sea associated with high water levels and storm waves at the flood defences. Typically, storm surges last not longer than 12 to 24 hours but may increase the water level considerably (up to 3.5 m in the North Sea). The interaction of normal tides (tidal range of 1-2 m is typical in the southern North Sea region), storm surges, and waves is crucial for the determination of the water level at the coast. In addition, the foreshore topography plays a major role when determining the waves at the flood defence structure. In the case of the German Bight, limited water depths over a high foreland will cause the waves to break and will therefore limit the maximum wave heights which reach the flood defence structures. However, the probabilistic hazard analysis only considers single probability distributions for each of the governing variables such as water level, wave height and wave period. No joint or conditional probability density functions were considered. As for risk pathways in the German Bight Coast pilot site, flood defences comprise more than 12 km of dikes (grass and asphalt dike) and a dune area of about 2.5 km length. However, the probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) has focussed on the dikes as the key flood defence structure since the dune belt is extraordinary high and wide and is regarded significantly safer than the dike protection. Laser scan data have been used to determine the exact height of the flood defence line in more detail and to define different 'homogeneous' sections of the flood defences. Criteria for distinction of homogeneous dike sections were the type of flood defence, its height (being very different and ranging from 6.22 mNN to 8.43 mNN for the sea dikes), its orientation, the key sea state parameters like water level and wave height and wave period, respectively, and geotechnical parameters. Thirteen sections have been identified using these criteria. Each of these sections is assumed to be identical over its entire length and hence will result in the same probability of failure (cp. Figure 3).
The result of this analysis is an annual probability of flooding of the hinterland for each dike section that has been selected. These flooding probabilities were typically found to range from a probability of 10-4 to 10-6, which means a return period of flooding in the range of 10,000 or 1,000,000 years. These results were found reasonably low and comparable to earlier studies of similar flood defences, although those have been based on different fault trees and failure modes. The overall flooding probability using a fault tree approach for all sections results in Pf = 4 × 10-3.
Flood scenarios and inundation simulation
The results of calculating the flooding probability were used to derive flooding/breaching scenarios, which up to now have been based on experience and expert knowledge. The section with the highest probability of failure for breaching of the dike was taken as the section where a breach location was assumed. The detailed location of the breach was defined after visual inspection of the relevant section and consultation with the local authorities. Additional analysis of other sections of the flood defence line has shown that the lowest part of the dikes is overtopped for relatively low storm surge water levels. Hence, a first flooding scenario was assumed, which includes a water level of 5.30 mNN (design water level for this area), a breach location in the south of the area as described above and initiated by wave overtopping, and wave overtopping at a low asphalt dike near the village of Ording. This scenario was also used as the standard flooding scenario for estimating the consequences. The probability of this flooding scenario is Pflooding = 9.6 × 10-8, which is much lower than the results obtained by the hazard analysis. Preliminary versions of breach models developed under FLOODsite were used to calculate the expected breach dimensions (final breach width and depth). These parameters were used as input boundary conditions for the flood inundation model. The numerical non-linear shallow water (NLSW) model SOBEK (see Deltares Open Source Software) was used to perform the flood inundation simulation. SOBEK models the details of the flooding process and hence provide inundation depths, velocities, and duration of flooding for any location of interest in the flood prone area. Ditches and channels were simulated using the 1D flow module of SOBEK and were found to be relevant for distributing the flood wave into the area. Boundary conditions were the time series of the storm surge water level on the one hand and the mean overtopping rates over the lowest part of the defence line on the other hand.
Vulnerability analysis
To assess the flood risk and to define specific risk zones, the estimation of the expected damages and its spatial distribution is crucial in addition to the hazard analysis. The total flood damage of a specific [flood] event depends on the vulnerability of the socio-economic and the ecological system. Hence, a detailed vulnerability analysis was conducted for St. Peter-Ording focussing on two major deficits of former vulnerability assessment studies (see text box).
Multi-criteria vulnerability assessment for St. Peter-Ording
According to a multi-criteria risk assessment the spatial distribution of the three main dimensions of flood risk - economic, social, and ecological risk - were investigated at the pilot site in order to identify specific risk zones. At first, the selection of the vulnerability criteria is important as the choice of indicators influences the results. As the focus of this vulnerability analysis is on simplifying the assessment methodology, the choice of the vulnerability criteria was done according to five selection criteria. They should be complete, covering all dimensions of vulnerability, available at a reasonable cost-benefit ratio, comparable in different periods and places, measurable, i.e. statistically sound, and minimal in order to be easily applied.
To assess the overall vulnerability the following vulnerability criteria were assessed in St. Peter-Ording:
- Economic vulnerability criteria (Buildings, private inventory, stock value, gross value added)
- Social vulnerability criteria (population at risk (& risk to life), vulnerable people, social hotspots)
- Ecological vulnerability criteria (number of sensitive coastal biotopes (dunes, forest, wetlands, grassland))
Economic vulnerability
Economic vulnerability relies primarily on the description and quantification of the economic risk potentials. The economic vulnerability in this investigation is assessed by a damage potential analysis, estimating the sum of existing monetary values, which could suffer damages in case of a flood event on an object level, and a damage estimation with relative depth damage curves to calculate the damage of the values depending on inundation depth. On the basis of different flooding scenarios and the calculated damage potential, an economic vulnerability could be subsequently assessed by means of an estimation of the possible damages based upon depth-damage-functions.
Social vulnerability
To determine the social risk, the social vulnerability criteria people at risk (& risk to life), vulnerable people, and social hotspots were assessed. Community statistics were used to obtain these data on a micro-scale level. The spatial distribution of people at risk was taken from statistics, including seasonal differences due to tourism. People with a special vulnerability include invalid persons, people older than 70 years and children younger than 8 years as they are assumed to be more vulnerable than others in case of a flood disaster. Social hotspots in St. Peter Ording are schools, kindergartens, a nursing home, a youth recreation home and clinics. These places are assumed to be more affected in case of a flooding than others.
Ecological vulnerability
Ecological vulnerability describes the susceptibility of ecological values, protected areas, or biotopes towards adverse impacts. Coastal biotopes like dunes or wetlands have not only a high ecological value but also a buffer and protection function. At the same time, they are highly sensible to disturbances or changes by e.g. inundation, saltwater intrusion, or wave impact which may lead to a loss of their function.
In this study, ecological vulnerability criteria were assessed rather simply by mapping the size and extension of coastal biotopes at the pilot site. Land use categories and biotopes were mapped, classified in beach area (e.g. moor, salt marshes, dunes, cliffs, outlets, tidal flats), natural habitats (e.g. reed belts, bog forest), semi-natural habitats (e.g. coniferous forest, mixed forest), grassland and acres, recreational areas, traffic areas and settlement areas. However, in this simple approach only the size of these biotopes was considered but not their susceptibility.From the selected classes, grassland covers the largest areas followed by forest, dunes, and wetlands. However, the size alone does not describe the degree of ecological vulnerability, as smaller areas like the dune belt are ecosystems that are more sensible. Hence, a weighting of the different coastal biotopes had to be done in a next step.
Results of the vulnerability analysis
The flooding scenarios together with the related probabilities provided the basis for combining the hazard and the vulnerability analyses. Different scenarios were calculated taking into consideration the various locations where breaching or severe overtopping may occur. These scenarios were linked to the damage potential in the risk zone to estimate the specific damage. From the inundation depth and the duration, the expected damage could be calculated (cp. Figure 4).
Risk estimation and mapping
In order to define risk zones it is necessary to quantify the flood risk as exactly as possible by weighting the different vulnerability criteria. This was done by a multi-criteria risk assessment using a comparable risk rating system including economic, social, and ecological damage categories. A GIS based map output allows a ranking of risk zones. Therefore, the area map of St. Peter-Ording is divided into a raster with a size of 300 x 300 m and all rating is based on a raster cell. The Multi-Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) approach (Meyer et al., 2007[6]) was used as an evaluation scheme with which all criteria can be aggregated to a single scalar factor. Two weighting approaches have been tested, a simple ranking and a swing weight approach. The latter was more convincing; it is based on a decision of the importance of each criterion in relation to the others. The considered vulnerability criteria are all criteria from the vulnerability analysis above (buildings, private inventory, stock value, gross value added, people at risk, vulnerable people, hotspots, dunes, forest, wetlands, grassland). Each criterion is given a value from 0 to 10, depending on its value in a raster cell. Then, using the swing weight approach, a weighting and normalization within each category is carried out. Thus each category again can have a value from 0 to 10. Depending on the stakeholders' interest, the different categories can now be weighted differently. In Figure 5, each category is weighted as one third as an example.
Finally, the approach results in comparable risk maps for different scenarios of flooding in St. Peter-Ording. The integration of economic, social, and ecological vulnerability criteria showed that there has been a shift in risk zones, compared to the mere economic risk assessment as for example areas with ecologically vulnerable dunes became a risk zone although no economic assets are in that region.
A detailed flood risk analysis at the German Bight Coast has been performed within the European FLOODsite research project. The study comprises a full probabilistic analysis of the flood defences protecting the hinterland close to the village of St. Peter-Ording on the Eiderstedt peninsula and a micro-scale vulnerability analysis, including economic, ecological, and social aspects of the vulnerability. With respect to the hazard analysis, the results have shown that even though some input parameters were not directly available and had to be estimated the results were believed to be very reliable (Pf in the range of Pf = 10-4 to 10-6). Sensitivity analyses have been performed accounting for the uncertainties of the input parameters. The results of the vulnerability analysis have shown that the integration of economic, social, and ecological vulnerability criteria is feasible as it gives a more complete picture of the overall susceptibility of a coastal site towards flood risk. Compared to studies focusing only at economic vulnerability the risk zones shifted in St. Peter-Ording as they include also risk zones dominated by ecological values. The vulnerability criteria and the simplified assessment method chosen in this investigation are assumed to be easily transferable to other coastal areas. However, the method has to be tested in other coastal sites to validate the transferability.
- ↑ Gouldby, B. & Samuels, P. (2005): Language of risk - project definitions. Floodsite project report T32-04-01.
- ↑ Kundzewicz, Z.; Samuels, P.G. (1997): Real-time Flood Forecasting and Warning. Conclusions from Workshop and Expert Meeting. Proceedings of Second RIBAMOD Expert Meeting, no. EUR-18853-EN, Published by DG XII, European Commission, Office for Official Publications of the Europ. Communities, Padova, Italy, 277 p.
- ↑ Sterr, H. (2008): Assessment of Vulnerability and Adaptation to Sea-Level Rise for the Coastal Zone of Germany. In: Journal of Coastal Research 24 (2): 380-393.
- ↑ Hamann, M. & Klug, H. (1998): Wertermittlung für die potentiell sturmflutgefährdeten Gebiete an den Küsten Schleswig-Holsteins. Gutachten im Auftrag des Ministeriums für ländliche Räume, Landwirtschaft, Ernährung und Tourismus des Landes Schleswig-Holstein. Unpublished Final Report.
- ↑ Reese, S. & Markau, H. (2002): Risk Handling and Natural Hazards: New Strategies in Coastal Defence – A Case Study from Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. In: Ewing, L. & Wallendorf, L. (eds.): Solutions to Coastal Disasters 2002, San Diego, pp 498-510.
- ↑ Meyer. V.; Haase, D.; Scheuer, S. (2007): GIS-based Multicriteria Analysis as Decision Support in Flood Risk Management. Floodsite project report 10-07-06, 55 p. Floodsite
Related articles
Internal Links
- Decision Support Systems for coastal risk assessment and management
- Vulnerability and risk
- Socio-economic evaluation
- Risk and coastal zone policy: example from the Netherlands
- Shoreline management
External Links
- IPCC General website
Please note that others may also have edited the contents of this article.


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These Lenses Fit
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Our instructional video is all the more helpful with an Austrailian accent
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With our Lens Kit program, you can keep your shades looking fresh longer. On top of that, you can feel good about creating less waste in the world by saving your perfectly good frames and an extra trip by the postal truck.
More questions about the Lens Kits?
Our FAQs have all the information you need; whether you need help finding the lens kit that will fit your frames or have questions about stock, it's all there.


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The Elan Lever is part of the Emtek Brass Designer Series- Select Function: Passage, Privacy, or Dummy Pair.- Select Finish: See Finish Swabs below. (Pictured in Lifetime Brass w/ Regular Rosette).- Select Handing: Left Hand (LH) or Right Hand (RH). Click Here for Handing Diagram.- Select Rosette: Regular, Rope, Lancaster, Ribbon & Reed, #8, Oval, Rectangular, Quincy, Wilshire, Modern, Disk, Square, Neos, or Modern Rectangular. Click Here to View Brass Rosette Styles & Click Here to View Modern Rosette Styles.- CF-Mechanism: Standard (Visible Screws) or CF-Mechanism (Concealed Screws).- Delivery: All Emtek products are made-to-order, please allow 8-10 working days' lead time.- Expedited Delivery: See below for Emtek Expedited Delivery information.
Delivery: The Emtek C8161EN-US26-RH Classic Design Series Elan Grade 2 Lever Set is in stock, please allow 3-7 business days' lead time.
Emtek C8161EN-US26-RH Classic Design Series Elan Grade 2 Lever Set
Elan Lever by Emtek Brass Designer Series
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text: The Board of Trustees is the governing body of the State University of New York. It consists of 18 members, 15 of whom are appointed by the Governor, by and with consent of the New York State Senate. In addition, the president of the Student Assembly serves as student trustee and the presidents of the University Faculty Senate and Faculty Council of Community Colleges serve as ex-officio trustees.


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When they're introducing a new movie, actors often take a moment to pay tribute to the people who helped make it happen — like, you know, their dentists. At least that's what Charlize Theron did at the premiere of her new spy thriller, Atomic Blonde.
"I just want to take a quick moment to thank my dentists," she told a Los Angeles audience as they waited for the film to roll. "I don't even know if they're here, but I just want to say thank you."
Why did the starring actress/producer give a shout-out to her dental team? It seems she trained and fought so hard in the action sequences that she actually cracked two teeth!
"I had severe tooth pain, which I never had in my entire life," Theron told an interviewer from Variety. At first, she thought it was a cavity — but later, she found out it was more serious: One tooth needed a root canal, and the other had to be extracted and replaced with a dental implant — but first, a bone grafting procedure was needed. "I had to put a donor bone in [the jaw] to heal," she noted, "and then I had another surgery to put a metal screw in there."
Although it might sound like the kind of treatment only an action hero would need, bone grafting is now a routine part of many dental implant procedures. The reason is that without a sufficient volume of good-quality bone, implant placement is difficult or impossible. That's because the screw-like implant must be firmly joined with the jawbone, so it can support the replacement tooth.
Fortunately, dentists have a way to help your body build new bone: A relatively small amount of bone material can be placed in the missing tooth's socket in a procedure called bone grafting. This may come from your own body or, more likely, it may be processed bone material from a laboratory. The donor material can be from a human, animal or synthetic source, but because of stringent processing techniques, the material is safe for human use. Once it is put in place your body takes over, using the grafted material as a scaffold on which to build new bone cells. If jawbone volume is insufficient for implants, it can often be restored to a viable point in a few months.
Better yet, when grafting material is placed in the tooth socket immediately after extraction, it can keep most of the bone loss from occurring in the first place, enabling an implant to be placed as soon as possible — even before the end of a movie's shooting schedule.
Will Atomic Blonde prove to be an action-movie classic? Only time will tell. But one thing's for sure: When Charlize Theron walks down the red carpet, she won't have to worry about a gap in her smile.If you have questions about bone grafting or dental implants, please contact our office or schedule a consultation. You can read more in the Dear Doctor magazine articles "Dental Implant Surgery" and "Immediate Dental Implant."


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Preparedness in Iceland the war years.
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iOS Local Files: Easier import with the Files app
It is now easier to import Local Files into the Spotify iOS app through the Files app on your iOS device. A computer and WiFi network are not required to use this new import method. This means that you can now import Local Files into the Spotify iOS ...
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text: The Dothraki and Valyrian forums has been receiving an unprecedented level of spam as of late. I am doing my best to stay on top of it (in my experience, these go away in time). If you catch a suspicious post that I missed, mark it as spam, or PM me about it - Hrakkar


text:
Invent a holiday that goes in-between, of course! So...
And after THAT, we'll have Thankmas:
...during which we'll all desperately try to avoid actually using the term "Thankmas" for fear of offending someone, and poo tornadoes will emblazon every hearth. Aww. Don't you just love
Kate F., & Nikki B., I think "winter, underlined" is going to be my holiday greeting of choice this year. Care to start a trend with me?
- Related Wreckage: The cake that has "winter" underlined on it.
*For some reason I initially had "turkey" capitalized. When I proof-read it later, I wondered why (not to mention how) a zombie pilgrim would try to force-feed someone a Mediterranean country. Which made me snort. Loudly. I even considered leaving it. But we all know what would happen then, right? EPCOT. Yeeeah.


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Icon Not-Made-By-Hands |
One of the earliest Icons witnessed to by Church Tradition, is the Icon of the Savior Not-Made-By-Hands. According to Tradition, during the time of the earthly ministry of the Savior, Abgar ruled in the Syrian city of Edessa. He was afflicted with leprosy over his whole body. At this time report of the great miracles performed by the Lord extended throughout Syria (Matt. 4:24) and as far as Arabia. Although not having seen the Lord, Abgar believed in Him as the Son of God and wrote a letter requesting Him to come and heal him. With this letter he sent to Palestine his court-painter Ananias, entrusting him to paint an image of the Divine Teacher. Ananias went to Jerusalem and saw the Lord surrounded by people. He was not able logo to Him because of the great throng of people listening to His preaching; so he stood on a huge rock and attempted to produce a painting of the image of the Lord Jesus Christ, unable, however, to succeed. The Savior Himself called him by name and gave for Abgar a beautiful letter in which,' having glorified the faith of the ruler, He promised to send His disciple in order to heal him from the leprosy and instruct him in salvation. After this, the Lord called for water and a towel. He wiped His face, rubbing with the towel, and on it was impressed His Divine Image. The towel and the letter the Savior sent with Ananias to Edessa. With thanksgiving Abgar received the sacred object and received healing, but a small portion, only a trace, remained of the terrible disease on his face until the arrival of the promised Disciple of the Lord. The Apostle of the 70, Thaddeus, came to them and preached the Gospel, baptizing the believing Abgar and all living in Edessa. Having written on the Image Not-Made-By-Hands the words, Christ-God, everyone trusting in Thee will not be put to shame, Abgar adorned it and placed it in a niche over the city gates. For many years the inhabitants preserved a pious custom of venerating the Image Not-Made-By-Hands whenever passing through the gates. But a great-grandson of Abgar, ruling Edessa, fell into idolatry and resolved to take the Image away from the city walls. In a vision, the Lord ordered the Bishop of Edessa to conceal His Image. The Bishop, coming at night with his clergy, lit before the Image a lampada and then blocked up the niche with clay tablets and bricks. Many years passed by and the inhabitants forgot about the Holy Object. But then, when in 545 the Persian King Chroses I besieged Edessa, the position of the city seemed hopeless. But the Most-Holy Sovereign Lady manifested Herself to Bishop Evlavios and commanded him to get from the enclosed niche the Image with which to save the city from the adversaries. Dismantling the niche, the Bishop found the Holy Image; before it burned the lampada and on the clay tablets, with which the niche had been enclosed, was a similar image. After preceding with the Cross and the Image Not-Made-By-Hands around the walls of the city, the Persian army miraculously departed. In 630, Edessa was seized by the Arabs; but they did not impede veneration of the Image Not-Made-By-Hands, glory of which extended out into all the East. In 944 the Emperor Constantine Porphyrogenitus (912-59) requested that the Image be redeemed from the Emir the ruler of the city of Edessa and brought to the Capital of the Orthodox. With great honor the Image of the Savior Not-Made-By-Hands and the letter which He wrote to Abgar, were brought by the clergy to Constantinople. On Aug. 16 the Image of the Savior was placed in the Pharos Church of the Most-Holy Theotokos. Concerning the subsequent fate of the Image Not-Made-By-Hands, there exists several traditions. According to one, it was carried away by Crusaders during the time of their dominion over Constantinople (1204-61), but the ship on which the Holy Objects had been taken, sank in the Sea of Marmora. According to another, the Image Not-Made-By-Hands was taken about 1362 to Genoa, where it was presented to and preserved in a monastery dedicated to the Apostle Bartholomew. In the time of the iconoclastic heresy, the defenders of icon-veneration, shedding their blood for the Holy Icons, sang the Troparion to the Image Not-Made-By-Hands. The Image (the Holy Face) was put up as an emblem of the Russian armies, defending them from the enemy; and in the Russian Orthodox Church there is a pious custom that before entering a church, the faithful read together the prayers and the Troparion to the Image Not-Made-By-Hands. The Feast of this Icon is celebrated on Aug. 16, during the Afterfeast period of the Feast of the Dormition, and is popularly called the Third Feast-of-the-Savior in August. |
Excerpt taken from "These Truths We Hold - The Holy Orthodox Church: Her Life and Teachings". Compiled and Edited by A Monk of St. Tikhon's Monastery. Copyright 1986 by the St. Tikhon's Seminary Press, South Canaan, Pennsylvania 18459. To order a copy of "These Truths We Hold" visit the St. Tikhon's Orthodox Seminary Bookstore. |


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"New Views of the U.S. Atlantic Margin Mapped for UNCLOS Applications", EOS Transactions, American Geophysical Union , vol. 86. San Francisco, CA, USA, pp. 0-2, 2005. Gardner_05_AGU_US_Atlantic_Margin_Mapped_for_UNCLOS_applications.pdf (72.17 KB)
, "U.S. Law of the Sea Cruise to Map the Foot of the Slope and 2500-m Isobath of the Northeast U.S. Atlantic Continental Margin: Legs 4 and 5. Cruise Report", University of New Hampshire (UNH), Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping (CCOM)/Joint Hydrographic Center (JHC), 2005. Cartwright_05_cruise_report_PF05-1.pdf (1.59 MB)


text: of an unknown man painted about 1609-1610. Above all he enjoyed representing scenes from Antique Mythology. Indeed he would not have belonged to the educated class of his time had he not possessed as thorough a knowledge Fig. 31. of the histories of Roman and Greek gods and heroes as he had of the Gospels. Two different representations of the Liberation of Andromeda, apparently painted about the same period (1610-1615), rank among his happiest mythological creations. One of these is in the Hermitage at St. Petersburg; in which against the dark background of a precipice the hero is seen advancing. Upon his waving locks Victory places a crown of bay, whilst around the figures of the rescued maiden, Victory, the winged horse and the fearful Gorgon's head hover a number of laughing cupids. In the foreground we may observe a portion of the dead monster, represented somewhat indistinctly in order not to interfere with the joyous impression of the rest of the composition (Fig. 22). More beautiful still is the other picture in the Berlin Museum. It is true that the figure of Andromeda is here perhaps less attractive; but on the other hand, the cupids, especially those laying around the white horse Fig. 32. FAUN AND DIANA (THE GIFTS OF AUTUMN). In the Picture Gallery at Dresden. After a photograph from the original by Braun, Clément & Co., Dornach, Paris and New-York. (To page 47.) are more fascinating. In the spacious landscape overhung by a shadowy atmosphere the deep blue sea spreads beyond the rocks: where, between two cliffs, the monster convulsively expires. The wide perspective, the fine horse, the shining armour of the hero, the graceful figure of the girl, and the delicious infant heads, together form an admirable poem, quite unique in harmony of colour (Fig. 23). Fig. 33. THE BETRAYAL OF SAMSON. In the Pinakothek at Munich. After a photograph from the original by Franz Hanfstängl, Munich. (To page 47) Rubens always possessed great talent in the representation of the winsome grace of cherubs and putti. In 1611 his wife Isabella Brant presented him with a daughter: and it was perhaps this happy event that specially led him to sketch so often the figures of children. Among collection of drawings at the Albertina, is a sheet covered with hastily-drawn, but none the less charming, Cupids in a great variety of attitudes (Fig. 24). They' are probably sketches for the charming picture painted at this period: Mary with the Infant Christ surrounded by playful Cherubs (Fig. 25); originally no doubt an altar-piece, but now in the Gallery of the Louvre. He also designed a number of fascinating putti entwined in a garland of fruit: Fig. 34. MELEAGER AND ATALANTA. In the Pinakothek at Munich. After a photograph from the original by Franz Hanfstängl, Munich. (To page 47.) Fig. 35. LADY AND CHILD (probably Isabella Brant with her son Albrecht). After a photograph from the original by Braun, Clément & Co., Dornach, Paris and New-York. a work now in the Pinakothek at Munich (Fig. 26). The magnificent garland of fruit which they bear was probably executed by Jan Breughel, one of his most loyal friends. A similar idea is to be found in a delightful sketch in the Hermitage Collection, known as the Statue of Ceres. Here exquisite baby-figures crowd around a niche containing a figure of the goddess and adorn it with garlands of fruit (Fig. 27). It is possible, that this fine sketch was originally intended as a design for a titlepage, such as in 1603 Rubens commenced making for the books published by his friend, Balthasar Moretus. There were at that time a great many skilful engravers, who reproduced the designs of Rubens' both in painting and drawing: and very many of these were also multiplied by etchings. The art of engraving, which in other countries had become debased to a very low level, made rapid progress in |


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Image: DawgBone.net
The Atlanta Business Chronicle reports that the Atlanta Sports Council and the Georgia Bulldogs are in discussions about possibly moving the World's Largest Outdoor Cocktail Party to the Georgia Dome at least once every four years.
(UPDATE: The AJC talked to Damon Evans. He says that there are no discussions to move the game. The rest of this post is the original note on the subject)
I'm pretty sure that the current contract expires in 2010, but all parties involved like to have the contract renewed before Year 3 of the 4 year deal starts. In other words....now.
Here's why I'm against this:
- We don't lose because of the location - The City of Jacksonville didn't cause Terrence Edwards to drop a game tying catching in 2002. It didn't cause Quincy Carter to throw the INT before the half in 2000. It didn't call timeout in the rain in '93. It didn't fumble the kickoff to start the second half in 2006. It didn't bust Shockley's knee before the game in 2005. We lose when we go down there because we don't play well. We could play the Gators on the moon, and we will lose if we wet the bed at first sight of an Orange helmet with script letters.
- Access to Tickets in Atlanta - The current cut-off for tickets is over 10,000 Hartman points. Some of the demand for tickets is suppressed because it's logistically and financially cumbersome to get to Jacksonville from the Atlanta area -- where the vast majority of our fans live. There would be dramatically more demand for tickets to a game in Atlanta. The listed ticket prices, the secondary market and the Hartman cut-off for the tickets would explode due to increased demand.
- The Dome is Smaller -- Capacity at Jacksonville Municipal Stadium is 84,000 for UGA vs. UF. The record crowd at the Georgia Dome is 75,000. That's roughly 11 percent fewer seats. Cutting 4,500 tickets out of the UGA allotment would be a real problem.
- The Dome has ZERO personality -- Part of the appeal of the game in Jacksonville is the party. 75,000 people can't tailgate in Atlanta the way we do in Jacksonville.
- Access to Florida Talent -- I'd like Mark Richt to explain how Alabama and Clemson playing games in Atlanta is good for their recruiting in Georgia and bad for UGA. While UGA playing games in Florida isn't a good thing for us.
- We're chicken shit if we leave -- This would be the first step in running us out of Jacksonville.
I assume most of this is posturing for a better deal from the City of Jacksonville. I'm all for that especially in light of what other neutral site games are paying their participants. But a long term move away from this most excellent tradition makes no sense to me.
Recruit better players. Win the game. Stop making excuses.
See Also:
-- Another reason to stay in Jax - GTP
-- Orson's take on this - EDSBS


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Jacob Netsvetov
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Our righteous Father Jacob Netsvetov, Enlightener of Alaska, was a native of the Aleutian Islands who became a priest of the Orthodox Church and continued the missionary work of St. Innocent among his and other Alaskan people. His feast day is celebrated on the day of his repose, July 26.
Early life
Father Jacob was born in 1802 on Atka Island, part of the Aleutian Island chain in Alaska. His father, Yegor Vasil'evich Netsvetov, was Russian from Tobolsk, Russia, and his mother, Maria Alekscevna, was an Aleut from Atka Island. Jacob was the eldest of four children who survived infancy. The others were Osip (Joesph), Elena, and Antony. Although not well off, Yegor and Maria did all they could to provide for their children and prepare them to live their lives. Osip and Antony were able to study at the St. Petersburg Naval Academy and then were able to become a naval officer and ship builder, respectively. Elena married a respected clerk with the Russian-American Company. Jacob chose a life with the Church and enrolled in the Irkutsk Theological Seminary.
Missionary work
On October 1, 1825, Jacob was tonsured a sub-deacon. He married Anna Simeonovna, a Russian woman perhaps of a Creole background as was he, and then in 1826 he graduated from the seminary with certificates in history and theology. With graduation he was ordained a deacon on October 31, 1826 and assigned to the Holy Trinity-St. Peter Church in Irkutsk. Two years later, Archbishop Michael ordained Jacob to the holy priesthood on March 4, 1828. Archbishop Michael had earlier ordained John Veniaminov (St. Innocent) to the priesthood. With his elevation to the priesthood, Father Jacob began to yearn to return to his native Alaska to preach the Word of God.
Upon departing, Archbishop Michael gave Father Jacob two antimensia, one for use in the new church that Father Jacob planned to built on Atka, and the other for use in Father Jacob's missionary travels. After a molieben, Father Jacob and his party set off for Alaska on May 1, 1828. The travelers included Father Jacob, Anna his wife, and his father Yegor who had been tonsured reader for the new Atka Church. This journey, which was always hard, took over year to complete, which was completed on June 15, 1829.
Father Jacob's new parish was a challenge. The Atka "parish" covered most of the islands and land surrounding the Bering Sea: Amchitka, Attu, Copper, Bering, and Kurile Islands. But, he was to meet the challenge as clothed in his priestly garments, he actively pursued his sacred ministry. To his parishioners, his love for God and them was evident in everything he did as he made his appearances while enduring the harsh weather, illness, hunger, and exhaustion. For him life was Christ. Being bi-lingual and bi-cultural, Father Jacob was uniquely able to care for the souls of his community.
Since St. Nicholas Church was not yet available, Father Jacob built a large tent in which to hold his services, and after the church was completed he took the tent with him on his missionary travels. By the end of 1829, six months after arriving at Atka Father Jacob had recorded 16 baptisms, 442 chrismations, 53 marriages, and eight funerals.
With the completion of the church on Atka, Father Jacob turned to education of the children, teaching them to read and write both Russian and Unangan Aleut. Initially the Russian-American Company helped support the school, but in 1841 the school was re-organized as a parish school. Many of his students would prove to be distinguished Aleut leaders. While living in the north areas was difficult, Father Jacob was active in the intellectual life as well; in addition to his own subsistence needs, he was active in collecting and preparing fish and marine animal specimens for the museums in Moscow and St. Petersburg. He corresponded with St Innocent on linguistics and translation matters. He worked on an adequate Unangan-Aleut alphabet and translations of of the Holy Scriptures and other church publications. In addition to praises from St. Innocent he began to receive awards for his services. In time he was elevated to Archpriest and received the Order of St. Anna.
Father Jacob's life was not without its personal sufferings. 1836 and 1837 were to bring successively the death of his beloved wife Anna in March 1836, the destruction by fire of his home in July 1836, and the death of his father, Yegor, in 1837. After considering the message of these misfortunes, he petitioned his bishop to return to Irkutsk so that he could enter a monastic life. A year later he request was granted contingent on the arrival of his replacement. But none came. Soon Bishop Innocent arrived and invited Father Jacob to accompany him on a trip to Kamchatka. During the voyage Bishop Innocent seemed to have accomplished three things with Father Jacob: with the healing salve of the Holy Spirit provided words of comfort, dissuaded Father Jacob from entering a monastery, and revealed to the saintly priest the Savior's true plan for his life that was for him to preach Christ to those deep in the Alaskan interior.
On December 30, 1844, St. Innocent appointed him head of the new Kvikhpak Mission to bring the light of Christ to the people along the Yukon River. With two young Creole assistants, Innokentii Shayashnikov and Konstantin Lukin, and his nephew Vasili Netsvetov, Father Jacob established his headquarters in the Yup'ik Eskimo village of Ikogmiute. From there, now known as Russian Mission, he traveled to the settlements for hundreds of miles along the Yukon and Kuskokwim Rivers, visiting the inhabitants of settlements along the way. For the next twenty years he learned new languages, met new people and cultures, invented another alphabet, and built more churches and communities. At the invitation of the native leaders he traveled as far as the Innoko River baptizing hundreds from many, and often formerly hostile, tribes. He continued even as his health deteriorated.
Yet the devil's presence came to stir up spurious and slanderous charges against him in 1863. To clear the air his Bishop Peter called him to Sitka where he was cleared of all the charges. As his health worsened he remained in Sitka serving at the Tlingit chapel until his death on July 26, 1864. He was 60 years old.
During his last missionary travels in the Kuskokwim/Yukon delta region he is remembered for baptizing 1,320 people and for distinguishing himself as the evangelizer of the Yup'k Eskimo and Athabascan peoples.
Troparion (Tone 4)
- O righteous Father Jacob,
- Adornment of Atka and the Yukon Delta;
- You offered yourself as a living sacrifice
- To bring light to a searching people.
- Offspring of Russian America,
- Flower of brotherly unity,
- Healer of sickness and terror of demons:
- O Holy Father Jacob,
- Pray to Christ God that our souls may be saved.
Kontakion (Tone 3)
- O Holy Father Jacob,
- Teacher of the knowledge of God,
- You revealed your love for your people,
- Taking up your cross and following Christ,
- Enduring hardships like the Apostle Paul.
- Pray on our behalf to Christ our God
- To grant us great mercy.
- Holy Synod of Bishops OCA, The Life of Saint Jacob Netsvetov, Oyster Bay Cove, New York, March 1994.
See also
External links
- St. Jacob Netsvetov the Enlightener of the Peoples of Alaska on the OCA website
- The Life of Saint Jacob Netsvetov
- Alaskan Orthodox texts (Aleut, Yup'ik) by St. Jacob Netsvetov
- Icon and Story of St. Jacob Netsvetov
- Prayer for Peace St. Jacob used evangelism to make peace.
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Berkhof, Netherlands, 1988
Scope and Contents
The photographs in the William Luke Photograph Collection are, as a general rule, arranged by the country in which the bus is located, the manufacturer of the bus, the decade in which the photograph was taken, and a four-digit number assigned to each photograph. However, photographs in the Collection of buses from Austria and Switzerland are arranged by the country in which the bus is located, whether the bus is a postbus or not, the manufacturer of the bus, the decade in which the photograph was taken, and a four-digit number assigned to each photograph. The Collection is housed in 12 boxes, and measures 12.25 linear feet. Finding aid authored by Ronald Carrier, Michaela Kizershot, James Quirke, Henry Lothschutz, Zachary Stein and Callie Weers.
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- From the Collection: Luke, William A. (Person)
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Printed text on verso in Dutch; annotations on verso in English.
Conditions Governing Access
Restricted. To inquire about access to this collection, please contact the Transportation Library at email@example.com or (847) 491-5273.
1 Photographic Prints : color ; 13 x 18 cm
Library Details
Part of the Northwestern University Transportation Library Repository
Main Library, 5th Floor, North Tower
1970 Campus Drive
Evanston IL 60208-2300 US


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Maintenance Suggestion
Maintenance Suggestion
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cotton material
Due to hygroscopicity and morphology, the garments made of this kind of fiber provide natural comfort, touch and pleasure, and are suitable for direct contact with skin. This kind of clothing can be washed and treated by routine methods, as long as the symbols and instructions on labels are used.
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It is a very durable and widely used synthetic fiber with low moisture absorption and static electricity accumulation. Easy to care, no shrinkage, no wrinkle and quick drying during washing. If this happens, it can be eliminated by cutting fibers.
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