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The practice complies with the Data Protection Act. All information about patients is confidential: from the most sensitive diagnosis, to the fact of having visited the surgery or being registered at the Practice. All patients can expect that their personal information will not be disclosed without their permission except in the most exceptional of circumstances, when somebody is at grave risk of serious harm.
All members of the primary health care team (from reception to doctors) in the course of their duties will have access to your medical records. They all adhere to the highest standards of maintaining confidentiality.
As our reception area is a little public, if you wish to discuss something of a confidential nature please mention it to one of the receptionists who will make arrangements for you to have the necessary privacy.
Under 16s
The duty of confidentiality owed to a person under 16 is as great as the duty owed to any other person. Young people aged under 16 years can choose to see health professionals, without informing their parents or carers. If a GP considers that the young person is competent to make decisions about their health, then the GP can give advice, prescribe and treat the young person without seeking further consent.
However, in terms of good practice, health professionals will encourage young people to discuss issues with a parent or carer. As with older people, sometimes the law requires us to report information to appropriate authorities in order to protect young people or members of the public.
Useful Websites:


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An antique burlwood tsampa container with lid
An antique burlwood tsampa container with lid
An antique burlwood tsampa container with lid measuring 8"dia and 7"in height.
Shipping is calculated at checkout.
The shipping quotes provided are autogenerated for packing and shipping of items without any insurance. If you would like your items to be shipped with insurance. Please contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com and we will update the listing with updated shipping quotes with insurance.
Refund policy
Due to the nature of our antique vintage items, with everything being previously loved, there are NO REFUNDS, NO RETURNS, along with the time and cost involved to list each item, we are not able to exchange items as many are one of a kind.
Cancellations & Making Order Changes
Once you have confirmed your order we are unable to make changes or cancel your order in our system. Please make sure your order is placed with all the items, discount codes, and proper shipping methods needed before you confirm your order.
Returns Policy
Only, if there is a mistake on our part and item is grossly misrepresented, will we give you a refund. Your refund will be credited to the original form of payment used to make the purchase with. Should you decide to return any item(s) you purchased from Tibetan Keepsakes online, please notify us within two days of receipt to check if the item is eligible.
Buyer is responsible for return shipping. A 10% restocking fee will apply.
You have 5 days from the delivery date of your order to have your return postmarked by the carrier on your return label.
Packages postmarked after 5 days, items received in worn/damaged condition will not be accepted. These returns will be sent back to the customer at their own expense.
Damaged Returns
We will not accept a return if the item appears to be worn, or is damaged with stains, make-up, deodorant markings, snags, missing beading, cigarette smoke, perfume, animal or human hair, etc. These returns will be sent back at the customers' expense or will be charged a cleaning fee at our discretion. If a damaged or wrong item is received you must contact our customer service within 48 hours of receiving your order to receive a return authorization label. If a damaged or wrong item is returned back without prior notification the return may be returned at the customers' expense or all possible restocking fees will be applied at our discretion.
Refused Packages & Return To Sender
If a package is refused or the incorrect address is supplied at checkout the customer will be held responsible to pay all shipping costs for the order and back to Tibetan Keepsakes. The shipping costs will be deducted from the refund amount. Additionally, refused packages and undeliverable packages can take several weeks or longer to be received back to our facilities, the transit time is completely in the hands of the shipping carrier. Tibetan Keepsakes will not process any refunds until the items are returned back to our facility.
Consigned Items
All items marked consignment- are consigned items. The description of the item will have a detailed condition description and photographs showing condition of the item. All consigned items are final sale items and will have no returns, refunds, exchanges or store credits. Please check carefully before making a purchase.

subset: commoncrawl


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Retirement ads are everywhere these days. The Villages lures retirees to come live, love and golf in Florida. USAA offers financial counsel to retiring military personnel. Hollywood stars such as Pat Boone and Tommy Lee Jones dole out all kinds of retirement advice in 30-second sermonettes on television and the Internet.
"Thousands of seniors have turned to One Reverse Mortgage to take control of their retirement," intones Henry "The Fonz" Winkler in one earnest spot.
Old actors don't retire; they just make retirement ads.
But the more talk there is of retirement — on TV, in pop-up ads, in news stories — the more you begin to wonder: What is retirement anymore anyway?
Backyard Hammocks
Time was, the official portrait of a retired American included a steady, dependable pension; leisurely mornings puttering about the house in soft slippers — maybe replacing the chain on the toilet tank ball or knitting a doorknob cozy; slow-driving from drug store to grocery to TV repair shop — back when TVs could be repaired. Afternoons were for penning letters to faraway friends and checking on the backyard hammock hooks.
Oh sure, there was plenty to do — foursomes of bridge and long weekend fishing trips. Perhaps for the more privileged — a beach house, a houseboat, that long-delayed trip to Mexico City.
No mas.
"I think the word 'retired' needs to be retired," says financial writer Kerry Hannon in her 2012 book,
"Baby boomers are either continuing to work much longer or approaching work not as an afterthought, but as a pillar of their retirement plans," Hannon says, "as oxymoronic as that sounds."
Many older people are continuing to work — some out of choice, some out of necessity. "Unlike many of our parents," says Hannon, "most of us don't have pensions to fall back on to fund not-working for a decade or more."
She notes a few statistics: Between 2010 and 2020, people ages 55 and older are projected to be the fastest-growing segment of the U.S. labor force, according to the 2012–2013 Occupational Outlook Handbook,a jobs forecast by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. And, according to recent findings by the Employee Benefit Research Institute, more and more workers say they are planning to delay retirement.
"Today's 60-year-old might reasonably plan to work at least part-time for another 15 years," Hannon says. "That changes the entire definition of retirement today and what it really means. For many retirees, working in retirement is quickly becoming a new stage in career progression."
Doesn't the phrase "working in retirement" render the very notion of retirement — and the word — obsolete?
Persistence Living
As a word, retirement "has already undergone substantial change in its lifetime," says Katherine Martin, head of U.S. dictionaries at Oxford University Press. "Its earliest known use in English — 1536 — referred to withdrawal or retreat in a military context. By the early 17th century, it had taken on a new meaning, referring to the state of living apart from society in seclusion. Then, by the middle of the 18th century, the use that is now most familiar had become common, referring to the action of leaving office, employment or service permanently, now especially due to age."
As many Americans are discovering, however: Nothing is permanent. "The entire concept of you-work-and-then-retire is over for most people," says Hannon. "Retirement is a process. People gradually fade out of the workforce. About 60 percent of the career workers take on a job after exiting their main career. They ease their way into what we used to consider retirement."
As older people stay in and return to the workforce, we are seeing social dominoes fall. Employers are having to make new decisions — should they hire younger or older folks? Families are seeing the ripple effects as job-seeking young people move in with job-keeping parents. And many older people, Hannon says, really do want to keep working for reasons of mental engagement and social interaction. "The money makes it even better," she says, "even if it's not a lot."
So if we retire the words "retire" and "retirement" what should we call that phase of life when people leave office, employment or service permanently — especially due to age? Should we have "longevity funds" instead of "retirement funds"? Should we say she's "re-engaging" instead of "retiring"? And what will we call those living areas that are so popular for American seniors — "endurance communities" perhaps?
Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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Dentistry is all about smiles, and having a confident, healthy, beautiful smile is important even for patients wearing dentures. Our practice provides personalized denture services that meet the needs and comfort levels of our patients. All of our patients are unique and we create one-of-a-kind dentures that feel good and look natural.
What are dentures?
Dentures are natural-looking replacement teeth that are removable. There are two types of dentures: full and partial.
- Full dentures are given to patients when all of the natural teeth have been removed. Conventional full dentures are placed after the gum tissue has healed, which can take several months. Immediate full dentures are placed immediately after the teeth have been removed and may require frequent adjustments during the first couple of months of use.
- Partial dentures are attached to a metal frame that is connected to your natural teeth and are used to fill in where permanent teeth have been removed. Partial dentures are considered a removable alternative to bridges.
How do I know if dentures are the right choice for me?
Dentures are not for everyone. If you're interested in learning more about dentures and want to know if they are the right choice for you, please schedule an appointment. Our team will be happy to answer any questions you might have, and can determine the best course of treatment for your ongoing dental health.
Caring for your dentures
Dentures, just like natural teeth, require daily maintenance to stay clean and keep bacteria from growing inside of your mouth. Keep your dentures clean and your smile healthy:
- When handling your dentures, stand over a clean, folded towel or a sink full of water. This way, if you accidentally drop your dentures, they are less likely to break.
- Your dentures are not immune from plaque and tartar build-up, so it's important that you brush your dentures every day. To brush your dentures, use a soft-bristled brush and gently brush the surfaces of the dentures, being careful not to break or bend the plastic. Between brushings, it's important to rinse your dentures after each meal.
- Use a gentle cleanser to clean your dentures. Many toothpastes, household cleaners, and mouthwashes can be too hard on your dentures, so it is recommended that you use a mild hand or dish soap to get your dentures clean. Be sure to check for the American Dental Association (ADA) seal of approval to choose products that are safe for your dentures, or ask your dentist about which products may be best for you.
- When you are not wearing your dentures, they need to be kept moist. Dentures that are not kept in a denture cleaning solution or in water can dry out, lose their shape, or even crack and break. Certain styles of dentures require certain soaking solutions, so be sure to ask your dentist which solution is best for you.
- Even if you have a full set of dentures, it's important to keep your gums and tongue clean. Be sure to use a soft-bristled brush to gently clean your gums and tongue every day.
If by chance your dentures do break, please contact our practice and schedule an appointment as soon as possible. Broken dentures that don't fit properly can cause irritation to your gums and mouth. Also, remember to continue scheduling regular dental checkups every six months to make sure that your smile stays healthy for many years to come.


text: To extend the life of your tent floor, we recommend using a Big Agnes footprint or ground cloth. The Big Agnes footprint also enables you to pitch a lightweight, Fast Fly shelter while leaving the tent body behind. The Fast Fly configuration requires the footprint, tent fly, poles, and stakes.


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Though there were "a few notable improvements" in places such as Indiana, where beneficial rains fell, the deep drought that has dug in across much of the nation's midsection continued in the past week, according to the statisticians at the National Drought Mitigation Center.
Their maps from the past three weeks tell the story.
Overall, an estimated 77.28 percent of the contiguous U.S. was suffering from through conditions ranging from "abnormally dry" to "exceptional drought." That was little changed from the previous week.
As estimated 6.31 percent of the lower 48 states' land mass was in that "exceptional drought" category. That was also little changed.
Looking ahead, the drought center says, over the next week "there is an enhanced probability of precipitation in the Northern Plains and in the extreme South throughout the entire period, as well as in the Southwest and the south Atlantic Coast early in the period, and around the Great Lakes later in the period."
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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By clicking one of the following links a connection to an external service is going to be established.
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Choose region
With its gently rolling hills and waterways its historic sights and idyllic vineyards, the Danube region offers myriad excursion options and a broad selection of activities for athletes and hikers.
The tables of the Danube Region in Lower Austria are richly laid with enticing culinary delights ranging from world-class wines and Wachau apricots to fresh Danube fish and Marchfeld asparagus plus seasonal delicacies from field and forest.
The Danube region offers so many possibilities for enjoyment, celebration and adventure. Check out the inviting lineup of culinary events, art exhibitions, music festivals and sporting events.
Would you like to stay in star-rated lodgings, in a Best-of-Wachau lodging or at a winery? Here you will find the best accommodations for an inspiring stay along the Danube in Lower Austria.
Are you coming in your own car or traveling by public transportation? We have great tips on how to travel conveniently to and within the Danube district in Lower Austria. Our team is happy to assist you if you have any questions!
We will store your contact details (name, address, e-mail and telephone number) and your travel details (arrival/departure date, number of persons, number of children and age of children) for the purpose and duration of processing your non-binding enquiry with us and will pass on this information to the relevant host/provider in order to prepare a quotation. Apart from this, we will not pass on your data to any third parties. Further information on your rights as data subject and to us as data controller can be found in our data privacy policy.


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While no one likes thinking about their own mortality, writing a will is an important part of planning for your family's future. (So is finding the right life insurance.)
When creating a will, you start by deciding who will receive your assets when you're gone. But this is just the first step. Once your plan is on paper, someone still has to make sure your final wishes are met and your family is cared for.
That someone is your executor – the person designated to perform all the legal tasks related to your last will and testament. It's a big job. So before you write down a name, seriously consider the responsibilities to determine who might be a good fit.
What Does an Executor Do?
Your executor doesn't have to be a professional. All it takes is a patient, mature person who can handle the responsibility.
The duties of an executor include:
- Offering your will for probate
- Taking inventory and managing your assets
- Using your estate's funds to pay bills, including taxes, funeral fees, and burial costs
- Notifying banks, creditors, and government agencies of the death
- Distributing assets to beneficiaries
- Preparing and filing final income tax returns
- Paying off any debts
How to Choose the Right Person to Be Your Executor
Because of the significant responsibilities placed on your executor, not everyone will be right for the job. Here are some tips on how to choose an executor for your will:
- Choose someone you trust. Pick someone who is emotionally and financially wise. It helps if you know your executor will be humble enough to ask for help if things get complicated, too.
- Name a successor. Ideally, your executor will outlive you. But in the event that doesn't happen, it's always wise to name a successor – just in case.
- Avoid any feuds. When it comes to dividing your estate, tensions can run high. Choose a neutral party that will cause the least amount of conflict. Consider a group who works well together, or someone outside of the family to minimize disputes.
- Choose someone qualified. Make sure your first choice is a legal one. In most cases, non-U.S. citizens, felons, and minors can't act as executors. If your executor is young – such as a son or daughter – you can request that he or she only acts as executor after reaching a certain age.
- Find a third party, if needed. Consider using a bank, trust company, or other professional to manage your estate. Third parties can ease the burden for loved ones, and the cost can be covered from your estate.
- Change if necessary. As your life and relationships change, you may want to consider changing your executor, too. Periodically review your will to ensure your executor is still someone you trust to serve your estate.
- Get their approval. Always talk to your executor about the role beforehand. Go over your will so they're prepared for the work ahead. This will make it less overwhelming for them when the time comes.
Protect Your Family's Future
Part of securing your legacy is protecting the lifestyle you've worked so hard to build for your family. Ask your local ERIE agent about affordable and flexible life insurance options from Erie Family Life that can help take care of your loved ones for years to come. Learn more about the different types of life insurance we offer.
Ready for a personalized quote? Contact your local ERIE agent to learn more about how you can protect your family's future.
A better insurance experience starts with ERIE.
Haven't heard of us? Erie Insurance started with humble beginnings in 1925 with a mission to emphasize customer service above all else. Though we've grown to reach the Fortune 500 list, we still haven't lost the human touch.
Contact B&M Insurance Group today to experience the ERIE difference for yourself.


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Here at Tavares Health & Wellness Center, we have many different services to fit your specific needs. Whether you are experiencing back pain, feeling out of alignment, or just want to get healthier, we can help.
To help all of our patients, we offer the following services:
Corrective Exercises
Corrective exercises can help make any pain that you are experiencing go away and stay away. These exercises will strengthen and correct the irregularities of your body which may be causing your pain. Most of these exercises are able to be performed in the comfort of your own home. In addition to skeletal misalignment, muscles or connective tissues that are out of place can also cause pain.
Wellness Care
There are so many things you can do to become healthier. Many people think that becoming healthier means salads for every meal and exercising daily. We recommend that you start slow. What is one thing that you are doing every day that you could switch out for something healthier? Could you stop drinking that can of soda for dinner and instead grab a water bottle? Becoming healthier is all about making small changes.
Chiropractic Adjustments
A chiropractic adjustment can make you feel so much better. Your body does not want to be out of alignment, and that's exactly what an adjustment can help address. It is also known as chiropractic manipulation, manual manipulation, or spinal manipulation. The adjustment refers to the manipulation of the vertebrae that have abnormal movements and are not functioning properly. A chiropractic adjustment will assist in fixing these issues.
Physical Therapy
Physical therapy rehabilitation uses mechanical force and movement to improve mobility, function, and even quality of life through examination, diagnosis, prognosis, and physical intervention. Our physical therapists are trained and licensed to examine, evaluate, diagnose, and treat impairment, functional limitations, and disabilities in patients.
Back Pain
Chronic back pain is one of the biggest problems Americans face today. Back pain actually affects eight out of ten people at some point in their lives. Even though back pain is common, it is not all the same. Many different conditions can cause back pain and cause different areas of the back to hurt. These include sprained ligaments, strained muscles, trigger points, arthritis, ruptured disks, inflamed joins, sport injuries, and many more.
Auto Accidents
An auto accident can cause many different issues. Often an accident can throw your neck, your spine, or even your entire body out of alignment. Our trained professionals are able to work with you to find the exact cause of each of your issues and help you through exercises as well as regular chiropractic care so that you begin to feel like yourself again.
These are just some of the services that we provide here at Tavares Health & Wellness Center. We love assisting others and helping them feel better again. No matter what your pain or injury is, we will work with you to ensure that you are pain free and feeling great.
If you have any questions about the services that we provide our patients, contact us today at (352) 343-9275.


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Research areas are used to describe EPSRC's portfolio of excellent long term research and high quality postgraduate training. Grants are classified using one or more research areas. All the grants listed below have some relevance to this research area. The value of the investment is the total awarded by EPSRC and does not reflect the proportion assigned to this research area. We always try to ensure that grants on the web contains the most recent information but it is possible that some might be slightly out of date.
Total Number of Grants: 51 Total Value of Grants: £82,494,785
The grant value may include the cost of access to facilities (these funds are not awarded to the grant holding organisation).


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Stromatolite Fossil
Stromatolite Fossil
A stone of transformation assisting healing at an emotional level.
Stromatolite is a good meditation aid assisting with past-life recall. Stromatolite teaches the purpose of life on Earth and our part in it. (reference 1)
Fossilized stromatolites provide records of ancient life on Earth. (reference 2)
They have been used throughout the centuries as a talisman for protection and long life. (reference 3)
Capable of calming down the emotional upheavals of its carrier (reference 4)
Collected at: Morocco
Roughly: 2"
made w/ Love & Revolution
How to use
How to use
You buy it, we ship it as soon as we can. (typically the following business day - we are closed on Mondays) Always within 7 days.
We use USPS only and are able to ship to the landmass currently known as the United States and Internationally via USPS International.
Not all products can ship outside of the US. For example, no bone or animal products can ship outside of the US.
For questions, email firstname.lastname@example.com
We are not medical professionals. We are tie-dye wearing herbalists. Only a physician can diagnose, treat, and prescribe for illness or disease.
Wild Soul River, LLC (and employees) neither diagnoses nor treats disease. Nor do we prescribe remedies. The human body has the innate power to heal itself. The role of the herbalist in this healing process is to consider the client as a whole person and to consult in collaboration with the client.
Wild Soul River, LLC encourages and advises you to seek professional medical advice regarding any illness or disease they are suffering from. Any concerns about your health and supplementation with herbs or diet should be done in consultation with your physician and a holistic health care provider. It is your responsibility to discuss with your physician possible interactions of herbal supplements and medications. Wild Soul River, LLC does not guarantee a specific outcome or result, individual results may vary. Wild Soul River, LLC is not liable for any possible adverse reactions and side effects of the herbal supplements you decide to take. You must accept ownership and responsibility for your own health; including negative consequences and positive outcomes.
All customers purchasing products from wildsoulriver.com and Wild Soul River, LLC agree to accept full responsibility for any results experienced from using them.
Return policy
Return policy
Wild Soul River upholds the highest standard of quality for each of our products. The quality of all our merchandise will meet or exceed expectations. Every effort is made to ensure your merchandise is shipped in perfect condition.
As a VERY SMALL business, we are unable to accept returns at this time.
We are not responsible for packages lost by USPS or shipping issues once the package has left the United States. We will not refund items that do not arrive due to a local shipping issue. The buyer is responsible for contacting their postal service to track down missing packages that have left the United States.
(updated 12/13/23)


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Thank you for hosting with Vodien Singapore Web Hosting.
To change this page, please refer to our knowledge base @ How to replace the Under Construction page of my website?
Access to your control panel @ https://vansonic.com/cpanel/
Quick start guide list (Video Tutorials):
Click here to view the whole list of tutorials.
Have a question? Let Vodien's SuperSupport give you the solution. Click here to submit your query. Need an immediate response? Call us at +65 6288 6264 (24/7 Phone Support)
About Vodien - The Top Singapore Web Hosting Provider
Offering The Best Web Hosting Experience. Vodien is a leading web hosting service provider in Asia, and offers shared web hosting, VPS hosting, and dedicated server plans. Established since 2002 in Singapore, Vodien specialises in providing quality and value-added web hosting services to small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).


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Description: | Protective Cover |
P C Industries supplies both Genuine and OEM Replacement parts for Detroit Diesel engines.
We utilize the same numbering system as Detroit Diesel.
OEM is the abbreviation for Original Equipment Manufacturer. Our OEM replacement parts carry a two year warranty and remanufactured parts carry a one year warranty.
All of our used parts have been qualified by certified technicians.


text:
A new teaser for The Dark KIngdom suggests that not only are are there other worlds than ones featured in The Dark Tower, they are very familiar ones.
The Dark Tower opens on August 4th.
On August 4, all roads lead to the tower.
Follow Us on Social:
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheDarkTower/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/darktowermovie
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/darktowermovie
There are other worlds than these. Stephen King's The Dark Tower, the ambitious and expansive story from one of the world's most celebrated authors, makes its launch to the big screen. The last Gunslinger, Roland Deschain (Idris Elba), has been locked in an eternal battle with Walter O'Dim, also known as the Man in Black (Matthew McConaughey), determined to prevent him from toppling the Dark Tower, which holds the universe together. With the fate of the worlds at stake, good and evil will collide in the ultimate battle as only Roland can defend the Tower from the Man in Black.


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Plymouth Real Estate
Situated between Ann Arbor and Detroit, Plymouth is a charming and diverse city with a thriving arts and entertainment culture.
The city of Plymouth is located in Wayne County, East of Ann Arbor and West of Detroit. It is home to over 9,000 residents and has a thriving and diverse community. The city offers access to 12 parks and a NHL size Ice Arena. Plymouth also has great arts and entertainment activities year round.
The city has colonial architecture and a central commons area. Plymouth is home to two houses designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, both of which are located on Beck Road in Plymouth Township.


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Rainbow Portal Face Mask
$ 15.00
Add an extra layer of protection with a personalized touch. These reusable cloth face masks made of 100% Polyester provide a physical barrier around the face. They, however, are not medical-grade, thus, not meant for medical use. Great for everyday use for overall protection.
.: 100% Polyester
.: Elastic earloops
.: Two layers of cloth
.: One size


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I'm a middle school teacher of French, Spanish, ESL and reading intervention. I'm also a mom to two young children.
I've always been a tea lover. When I lived in France during college, I really loved the tisanes. Over the past couple of years, I've branched off into loose teas. I'm not very knowledgeable about teas, but I'm really loving the learning process!


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How to Prevent Catalytic Converter Theft
We've all heard stories of car break-ins where thieves target a purse, stereo system or other valuables left inside the vehicle. But recently, a new type of automotive crime is on the rise: catalytic converter theft.
According to the National Insurance Crime Bureau, there were 1,298 catalytic converter thefts reported in 2018. By the end of 2020, that number had climbed to 14,433 – a more than 1,000% increase! And unfortunately, this alarming trend shows no signs of slowing down.
But what exactly is a catalytic converter? And how can you prevent your vehicle from becoming a target? Keep reading to find out.
What is a catalytic converter?
A catalytic converter is a key component of your car's exhaust system. Its job is to help reduce harmful emissions by cutting down on the amount of pollutants that exit the tailpipe.
How does a catalytic converter work?
Internal combustion engines generate power by burning fuel, like gasoline or diesel. When this fuel is burned, it produces exhaust gasses.
(See also: What's The Difference Between Regular and Premium Gas?)
The majority of this exhaust gas contains nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water vapor – emissions which are mostly harmless. However, because your car is unable to burn 100% of the fuel that enters the engine, it also produces some harmful pollutants: namely carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxide. When these types of emissions enter the atmosphere, they can produce smog and acid rain.
We'll spare you the full chemistry lesson, but a catalytic converter uses a "catalyst" to "convert" those harmful emissions into the less-harmful byproducts of nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water vapor.
To accomplish this, the converter uses a ceramic honeycomb-type structure to heat the exhaust gas. The ceramic is coated with several types of precious metals (platinum, rhodium and palladium), which serve as the catalyst. When your car's exhaust gas interacts with these metals, they create chemical reactions that reduce the amount of harmful pollutants exiting the tailpipe.
Why do people steal catalytic converters?
There are two reasons why catalytic converters are being targeted for theft.
- Scrap metal for cash: The precious metals used as catalysts are valuable… and prices are on the rise. In fact, in March 2021, rhodium prices peaked at nearly $30,000 an ounce! While the price of these metals frequently fluctuate, a typical catalytic converter can contain anywhere from $200 to more than $1,000 worth of scrap metal.
- Resale for parts: Stolen catalytic converters can be sold to individuals or less-than-honest repair shops looking to save money over buying a new replacement part.
So between metals recycling and black market auto part sales, there's money to be made from stealing catalytic converters.
How do I know if my catalytic converter has been stolen?
You can't tell if your catalytic converter has been stolen by simply looking at your car. But you'll know as soon as you start the engine.
To steal a catalytic converter, a thief will need to crawl under your vehicle, cut both sides of the converter and remove it from the exhaust system. That means your car will essentially be running without a muffler, making the engine extremely loud.
What should I do if my catalytic converter has been stolen?
If your catalytic converter has been stolen, it's a good idea to call the local authorities and file a police report. Then, you should arrange to get your vehicle towed to a nearby repair shop.
Can I drive my vehicle if my catalytic converter has been stolen?
Since your catalytic converter is only part of the exhaust system, your car can technically run without it. However, that doesn't mean it's a good idea to just drive off.
When the catalytic converter has been cut out, exhaust gasses will be released underneath your vehicle instead of behind it. Not only will this make your vehicle be loud, but you also run the risk of those harmful exhaust gasses entering the cabin.
And here's one more thing to consider. If a thief has just been sawing away at the underside of your car, there's a possibility other important components could have been damaged, too.
How much does it cost to replace a catalytic converter?
According to CARFAX, the average cost for a new catalytic converter ranges between $1,800 to $2,000. But for luxury vehicles and sports cars, it could cost even more.
Do I have to replace my catalytic converter?
Given the high replacement cost, you may be wondering if you need to replace the catalytic converter. Unfortunately for your wallet, the answer is yes.
Because your catalytic converter is designed to remove harmful pollutants, it's actually federally illegal to remove it from your exhaust system. Additionally, a missing "cat" can trigger a check engine light, impact the performance of your vehicle and result in some foul exhaust smells.
Does car insurance cover catalytic converter theft?
If your catalytic converter has been stolen, you may not have to foot the bill alone. That's because the optional comprehensive coverage on your auto insurance policy can pay for damages that occur outside of a car accident, such as vandalism, fire or theft. At Whitbeck Insurance, this coverage includes catalytic converter theft.
That means if you choose to file an insurance claim, all you'll have to pay is your deductible (the amount of money you pay toward repairing your car before insurance kicks in). If your catalytic converter is stolen, your local insurance agent can help you review your coverage and talk you through your options before you file a claim.
See also: How to Choose a Deductible
Are some cars at higher risk for catalytic converter theft?
Catalytic converter theft is an opportunistic crime by nature. The easier it is for the thief to get away, the more likely they are to target your vehicle. This often puts high-riding vehicles like trucks and SUVs at greater risk because they don't have to be jacked up for the catalytic converter to be removed.
How can I prevent catalytic converter theft?
With the recent rise in catalytic converter thefts, some companies have started to make protective cages that can be installed over your exhaust system. Since this is mostly a crime of convenience, a cage will make your car less of an easy target.
Beyond that, your best chance at protecting against catalytic converter theft is to follow the same precautions that protect your car against vandalism – like installing an alarm or parking in a safe, well-lit area.
Protect what matters
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Important notice! Pokemon Shiny Unown Exclamation is a fictional character of humans.There is only single Creator of everything and anythingAll Pokemon are made up by humans based on real animals or existing objects.The stroies of Pokemon are all fictional and in most cases illogical or nonsense.Games are for only fun time and do never put any spiritual/religional or deity meaning into them!Never pass your necessary jobs and duties due to gameplaying!Moreover, there is no such thing as random evolution. However, there can be evolution programmed by Almighty Creator Allah.
Unown (Japanese: アンノーン Unknown) is a Psychic-type Pokémon introduced in Generation II.
While it is not known to evolve into or from any other Pokémon, as of Generation III, Unown has 28 derivative shapes, chronicled in the Unown Mode in Generation II and the Unown Report in HeartGold and SoulSilver. There are 26 Latin alphabet characters, plus ? (question mark) and ! (exclamation mark) introduced in Generation III. In Generation II, its shape is determined by its individual values; in Generation III, it is determined by its personality value; from Generation IV onward, it is determined by a separate form identifier.
Unown is a flat, thin Pokémon shaped like an eye with appendages that make it resemble a letter or a punctuation mark. It is entirely black, except for its white sclerae. All twenty-six alphabetic forms of Unown have fully open eyes while the two punctuation Unown have half-closed eyes. Though each of its forms has a counterpart in the Latin alphabet, Unown is said to resemble ancient writing and hieroglyphs. It is a mystery whether Unown predates or postdates written language, and therefore which one is based on the other.
The Pokédex and Professor Oak's research disagree on whether Unown communicates using electromagnetic waves or telepathy. Either way, it can be detected by the Pokégear radio, which interprets it as the melody of the Azure Flute. It is said that an "odd power" emerges when more than one Unown come together. In the anime, it is capable of reading the thoughts of other life forms. Great numbers of Unown are capable of distorting the reality to suit the dreams and wishes of whoever is in control of the Unown. However, they can only do this when more Unown are present, so it could be a shared effort rather than an ability unique to each Unown.
Unown is an extremely rare Pokémon that lives in its own region and rarely ventures outside. When it moves to the Pokémon world, Unown tends to stick to walls like engravings of ancient texts or orbit other Unown.
Unown played a large role in Spell of the Unown: Entei, composing the illusions that drive the plot.
Notes about Unown can be seen on Professor Oak's computer at the beginning of the movie. The information (as presented in the Japanese version) has been cleaned up and transcribed here:
In Address Unown!, an Unown G fell out of the Unown region. After it was healed by the group, it helped defend them against Team Rocket, and its mind merged with that of Ash's Larvitar so that the group could help it address its inner pain.
Markings of Unown were observed on a tablet in Top-Down Training. The tablet reads:
In the English dub, Dawn reads it as "When every life meets another life, something will be born".
In Journey to the Unown!, Saturn had his Bronzor use Confuse Ray on multiple Unown, causing trouble for Ash and his friends. The tablet from Top-Down Training also appeared in this episode. The Unown reappeared in a flashback in Enter Galactic!.
In PK21, an Unown F fell out of the Unown region following an unspecified incident, and Pikachu and his friends had to help it return to the Unown region so it could reunite with the other Unown.
In The Mastermind of Mirage Pokémon, a Mirage Unown G was composed by the Mirage Master.
In The Rise of Darkrai, multiple Unown fled from Dialga and Palkia in the Unown region. Others appeared during the opening sequence.
Pokémon Mystery Dungeon: Explorers of Sky - Beyond Time & Darkness featured a stone tablet written in Unown.
Unown first appeared in Into the Unown at the Ruins of Alph. During a battle with Team Rocket, Gold has his Sunbo use Flash, accidentally awakening the Unown from their slumber. Angered, the Unown retaliated on the Team Rocket Elite Trio, defeating them. Bugsy later returns to study the Ruins further in Hurray for Heracross, where he captures an Unown G and gave to one of his colleagues. Later as he searches for Suicune he finds two chambers with Unown markings. Using his device to translate them, they read the following.
Three Unown appeared in a flashback in Raising Raichu, being the N, G, and U forms.
In Some Things Are Better Left Unown, Sird gains the control of a small army of Unown after awakening them in the Tanoby Ruins. She initially uses them as a distraction against Lorelei, allowing her to defeat the Elite Four member. Sird later uses them to impede the progress of Red, Blue and Green as they head to the Trainer Tower. Also, two Unown of the ! and ? forms followed Giovanni to Birth Island to relay his successful capture of Deoxys back to the Team Rocket Warehouse.
In Knowledge of the Unown I, a D and P Unown befriended Diamond, Pearl and Platinum in Solaceon Town. The two enlisted the help of the Pokédex holders to free their friends from a chamber in the Solaceon Ruins. Later, they helped battle Team Galactic at Veilstone City.
Multiple Unown appeared in Halting Honchkrow and Chancing Upon Chingling.
In All About Arceus IV, a massive group of Unown were spawned at the Sinjoh Ruins when Arceus called Dialga, Palkia, and Giratina.
Multiple Unown appeared in GDZ58.
An Unown appeared in GDZ59.
Multiple Unown appeared in all of the species' forms in Rampage at the Ruins of Alph!!.
The English Pokédex data for Unown cards in the Neo Destiny expansion say that it is believed that the variety of types of Unown is a result of evolutionary adaptation, but this is not present in the original Japanese text.
When one Unown is released from a Poké Ball, it will fly off the screen. It then returns with a large swarm, similar to what Beedrill did in the original Super Smash Bros. The only difference is that Beedrill only attacks from left or right while Unown can come from any direction. Any opponent caught in this barrage is damaged and juggled.
There are also a number of Unown Poké Floats featured in the Poké Floats stage. In the second half of the stage's cycle, numerous Unown fly across the screen. Towards the end of the cycle, staying on the stage relies on hopping between the Unown.
These Psychic-type symbol Pokémon resemble ancient hieroglyphics found on rocks, a resemblance that's said to be more than superficial. Quite a few different shapes of Unown have been confirmed, and it's believed that each type has unique abilities. These enigmatic Pokémon can be found in the Ruins of Alph.
Unown does not return as a Poké Ball Pokémon, though it is a Spirit, appearing in its F form.
In Pokémon GO, Unown can be obtained by completing 1/4 of the Special Research, Level 50 Challenge.
Unown's appearances are corruptions of the modern Latin alphabet, as well as the exclamation mark (!) and the question mark (?), while the G form of Unown is based on a double-story lowercase G. The shapes of the Unown are used like graphic symbols in the Pokémon world, although in Hoenn and the Sevii Islands, their place is taken by Braille. Unown being weak alone and strong together may be inspired by the idea that a single letter can not convey much information, but many letters forming a sentence can communicate a hypothetically infinite number of interpretations and ideas.
Unown is a corruption of unknown.
Unknown is literally unknown.


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Mar 12, 2015
Food In Ghana
Food in Ghana
Climate and ecological conditions, for example, determine what food crops and livestock are practical to grow locally. Dietary patterns are also influenced by cultural and religious norms, and by a region's history of contact with foreign foodstuffs and cultures through trade, migration, and colonization. In the second half of the 20th century, Ghanaian food systems have been particularly transformed by urbanization and related changes in women's work and by foreign donations of food aid.
Now more than ever, diets vary across class, with the wealthy typically eating not only a greater quantity and variety of foods than the poor but also different foods. This essay discusses some of these variations in Ghanaian food systems, as well as broad patterns and historical trends.
In Ghana, as in most of the world, most people structure their diets around a relatively small number of starchy or carbohydrate-rich foods. Grains such as millet, sorghum, rice, and maize (corn) and tubers such as yams and cassava (manioc), for example, form the central ingredient of the most common meals in Africa and provide the bulk of the daily caloric intake. These staple starches are traditionally accompanied by protein-rich legumes, such as peas, beans, or peanuts, and by smaller quantities of foods that add both flavor and nutrition, such as vegetables, oils, spices, and meat or fish. These latter foods are often referred to as relishes, condiments, or sauces. Anthropologist and food historian Sidney Mintz calls them "fringe" foods, to emphasize the centrality of the "core" starches. This "core-fringe-legume" pattern of food consumption predominates in Ghana, except in the grassland north, where milk and meat play more central roles.
Ghana's oldest staple starch crops vary across ecological zones. The major cereal grains—millet, sorghum, and maize—are all common in semi-arid regions. Millet and sorghum, both indigenous to Africa, predominate in the drier regions of northern Ghana. Millet can grow in areas where rainfall averages 275 to 400 mm (11 to 20 in) annually, while sorghum requires between 800 and 1000 mm (30 to 40 in) of rain annually. Maize, a New World crop first introduced by the Portuguese beginning in the late 15th century, is now one of the most widely cultivated food crops in Ghana. It can grow in a variety of conditions and be used in many ways, but it is less drought-resistant than either sorghum or millet.
Tubers such as cassava, yams, and sweet potatoes, and tree crops such as bananas and plantains (some tree crops are indigenous to Africa and some arrived centuries ago from Asia or the New World) are typically grown in the humid forest eco-zones of south and central Ghana. Cassava production in particular has increased in the 20th century, because while in the field it requires little tending, and it can keep for months underground before harvest. But cassava is low in protein, and in raw form some varieties are toxic.
Most rice in Ghana is grown under either lowland (also known as paddy) or upland conditions. Upland rice depends on rainfall, not irrigation, and thus grows only in wetter regions. In the rain forest zone of Western Region (in the Wassa and Aowin areas), upland rice is grown. Many rural development projects (e.g., the Dahwenya Project) in Ghana since the 1960s have centered on rice production, in part because in comparison to other crops, demand for rice has increased enormously in Ghanaian cities.
Compared to the highly varied and often quite elaborate preparations typical of fringe foods, the preparations of core starches are fairly simple. One very common dish made of millet, maize, or sorghum is a stiff porridge known by various names in different regions of Ghana. Once the grains have been ground into flour—a task women once did by hand but increasingly do in mills—they are mixed with cold water until a thin paste forms. Next the cook mixes in boiling water and stirs continuously until it thickens, then adds more flour until the consistency is so thick that the spoon stands straight up in the pot.
Tubers and starchy tree crops are most commonly boiled, roasted, or fried. Cassava and yams, like boiled plantains, are frequently pounded into a thick, heavy paste called fufu (or futu), a popular albeit labor-intensive Ghanaian dish. Like porridge dishes, fufu is often eaten communally and by hand and is always accompanied by a soup or stew. Dried, grated cassava, known as gari, is a popular convenience food in Ghana, because it keeps well and can be easily reconstituted with boiling water.
Although fringe foods typically account for a smaller proportion of caloric intake than the core starches, they are by no means a peripheral part of the diet. Whether served as sauces, soups, spreads, or fillings, dishes made of vegetables, spices, and sometimes animal protein and fat add color, nutrition, and variety to the daily bowls of porridge or rice. These dishes vary both seasonally and regionally, depending in part on the ingredients available locally. For example, in Ghana, palm oil stew is a more common complement.
Many ingredients found in traditional Ghanaian fringe dishes reflect foreign influences. The tomato, for example, was brought from the New World by the Portuguese in the 16th century and is now cultivated and consumed throughout much of Ghana. In coastal Ghana, tomato-based fante fante sauce is served on rice and fish.
European influence on Ghanaian food habits prior to colonialism was generally limited to the introduction of new crops, such as maize and tomatoes. Colonization led to significant changes both in what foods Ghanaians produced and what foods they had available to purchase. It is important to note that dietary patterns were transformed not only by the introduction of new crops and imported goods, but also by changes in households' use of land, labor, and income. For example, the introduction of cocoa has transformed the dietary patterns of the rain forest zones of coastal Ghana.
Colonial era taxes, for example, often forced peasant households to shift at least some of their land away from food crops over to export crops, such as cotton, coffee, and cocoa, which were typically overseen by male household heads. Taxation and compulsory labor service also forced rural men and sometimes women to leave their farms for work on plantations, in mines, and on road and railway projects. In many areas women had to assume greater responsibility for food production, and often on more limited land. In one common adaptation to these constraints, women switched from labor-intensive crops such as yams to ones requiring less weeding and other upkeep, such as cassava. In general, as rural households devoted more of their resources to income-earning endeavors, they also began to purchase a larger proportion of their food supplies.
Compared to the efforts the colonial administration made to develop export crop production in Ghana, most of the time the colonial administration paid relatively little attention to staple-food crop production. During the First and Second World Wars, however, some colonies made cultivation of certain crops compulsory in order to assure food supplies for the military bases. In Ghana at Komenda during the Second World War, for example, peasants were forced to grow maize, sweet potatoes and peanuts to supply to the air force station that was established there. This former air force station now houses the Komenda Teacher Training College.
Bread (Paano)
Imported foods intended for European settlers also made their way into the Ghanaian diet, as did "European" foods manufactured in Africa. Initially only a small minority of Ghanaians, mostly the educated urban elite, partook of foreign and costly foods such as bread, pasta, margarine, and soft drinks. In some circles the ability to buy and serve European cuisine became a marker of status, like Western-style clothing. Certain foods, however, eventually became a part of the working-class diet. Bread from wheat has not only become a working-class diet, the name for it, paano in Ghana is derived from Portuguese. Men who migrated to urban areas in search of wage labor were among the earliest regular consumers of goods like bread and tea, partly because they were convenient. Wheat bread served with margarine or butter and tea (coffee and hot chocolate are also referred to as "tea") or served with fried egg is popular in the streets in the evenings in urban centres. Migrant labourers also helped introduce these foods to rural regions by bringing them back to their families.
Today, regional variations in some popular European foodstuffs reflect the influence of the colonial powers' own cuisines. Demand for Western-style processed foods is now partially met by domestic production. Bread from wheat in Ghana is typically made in small or medium-size urban bakeries, while commodities such as instant coffee and margarine are produced in factories owned by multinational corporations such as Nestles and Unilever. Although these foods are no longer consumed only by an elite few, during times of economic hardship they are too expensive for the vast majority of the population, urban or rural.
Since independence, food donated or sold on concessionary terms by foreign countries—also known as food aid—has transformed both dietary and agricultural production patterns in Ghana. Various regimes of government in post-independence Ghana have willingly accepted food aid because it compensated for their own production shortfalls and ensured that cheap food supplies were available for politically important urban populations. It is estimated that 40 percent of Ghana's food import is in the form of food aid.
Food aid to Ghana has had four economic impacts: 1) it has served a leverage for donor countries to shape Ghana government's economic policies; 2) it provided the economy with additional imported resources; 3) it provided additional budgetary resources for development; and 4) conversely, it has created various disincentives as (a) it tends to drive down domestic prices of locally produced food, (b) it replaces food that would have been produced by Ghanaian farmers, (c) it creates import dependency as consumers develop a taste preference for imported commodities and switch away from locally produced food as is happening with poultry imports, and (d) it encourages the neglect of the development of domestic agriculture.
Donated and imported rice, for example, has been shown to have some effect on domestic production. It has been found that a 10 percent increase in donated/imported rice supply reduced domestic production by 7.5 percent (USAID report). Despite food aid, Ghana suffers from food insecurity.
For donor countries such as the United States and those of the European Union, food aid has become a means for disposing of their own agricultural surpluses as well as for establishing African markets for their exports. The United States' Food for Peace Program, for example, has been used to grant African and other Third World countries low interest loans for the purchase of major U.S. agricultural commodities, such as wheat and soybean oil. The U.S. Congress approved the program in 1954 with the explicit aim of building new overseas markets. It succeeded: countries like Nigeria continued to purchase U.S. wheat even when the aid program was reduced, partly out of the concern to maintain political stability in the cities, where most wheat and other aid foods are consumed. Food aid from the European Union has also helped establish African markets for European goods, such as dried milk products.
Although food aid programs were once justified on humanitarian grounds, they have been widely criticized for undermining markets for Africa's domestically produced foodstuffs and for fostering an over-dependence on imported foods. The dangers of such dependency became apparent in many African countries in the 1980s, when austerity measures imposed under World Bank structural adjustment programs drove up prices for import-based foods such as wheat, bread, and milk. The announcement of price rises set off "bread riots" in many African cities. Interestingly, during this period in Ghana, particularly between 1982 and 1984, attempts were made to use local substitutes. This effort, however, was not sustained.
Finally, Ghanaian food habits have changed along with the patterns and pressures of daily life, especially in the cities. As more and more people—especially women—commute across large cities to work and attend school, midday meals at home have become less practical. Instead, students, marketplace traders, and industrial and office workers rely on so-called street foods for one or more meals daily. Sold from "chop bars," kiosks, head trays, and carts in cities throughout Ghana, street-food fare is eclectic: offerings range from the traditional rice-and-sauce dishes popular among the cities' various Ghanaian ethnic communities to Ghanaian "fast foods" like fried or roasted plantains to Middle Eastern-style kebabs and European-style sandwiches and pastries. For many, street foods are not only more convenient but also more economical than home-prepared meals. Some traditional Ghanaian dishes require extensive preparation, so when the price of the ingredients and the cooking fuel is factored into the time spent shopping and cooking, it is often cheaper to buy these dishes from street vendors, who prepare them in large quantities.
The variety of snacks and meals sold on the streets of Ghanaian cities reflects an enduring theme in Ghanaian cuisines: despite the many changes prompted by colonialism, urbanization, aid, and trade, traditional dishes based on locally produced ingredients are still valued. Indeed, because such dishes are now sold in multiethnic cities and eaten by migrants and travelers, they have become familiar far beyond the regions where they were originally developed. Waakye and koose from the north can be found throughout Ghana, for example. Restaurants founded by Ghanaian immigrants in Europe, Asia, Australia, and the Americas have also popularized these cuisines abroad.


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1When Rachel saw that she had not borne children to Jacob, she became envious of her sister. She said to Jacob, "Give me children or I shall die!"a 2Jacob became angry with Rachel and said, "Can I take the place of God, who has denied you the fruit of the womb?"b 3She replied, "Here is my maidservant Bilhah. Have intercourse with her, and let her give birth on my knees,* so that I too may have children through her."c 4So she gave him her maidservant Bilhah as wife,* and Jacob had intercourse with her. 5When Bilhah conceived and bore a son for Jacob, 6Rachel said, "God has vindicated me; indeed he has heeded my plea and given me a son." Therefore she named him Dan.* 7Rachel's maidservant Bilhah conceived again and bore a second son for Jacob, 8and Rachel said, "I have wrestled strenuously with my sister, and I have prevailed." So she named him Naphtali.*
9When Leah saw that she had ceased to bear children, she took her maidservant Zilpah and gave her to Jacob as wife. 10So Leah's maidservant Zilpah bore a son for Jacob. 11Leah then said, "What good luck!" So she named him Gad.* 12Then Leah's maidservant Zilpah bore a second son to Jacob; 13and Leah said, "What good fortune, because women will call me fortunate!" So she named him Asher.*
14One day, during the wheat harvest, Reuben went out and came upon some mandrakes* in the field which he brought home to his mother Leah. Rachel said to Leah, "Please give me some of your son's mandrakes." 15Leah replied, "Was it not enough for you to take away my husband, that you must now take my son's mandrakes too?" Rachel answered, "In that case Jacob may lie with you tonight in exchange for your son's mandrakes." 16That evening, when Jacob came in from the field, Leah went out to meet him. She said, "You must have intercourse with me, because I have hired you with my son's mandrakes." So that night he lay with her, 17and God listened to Leah; she conceived and bore a fifth son to Jacob. 18Leah then said, "God has given me my wages for giving my maidservant to my husband"; so she named him Issachar.* 19Leah conceived again and bore a sixth son to Jacob; 20and Leah said, "God has brought me a precious gift. This time my husband will honor me, because I have borne him six sons"; so she named him Zebulun.* 21Afterwards she gave birth to a daughter, and she named her Dinah.
22Then God remembered Rachel. God listened to her and made her fruitful. 23She conceived and bore a son, and she said, "God has removed my disgrace."d 24She named him Joseph,* saying, "May the LORD add another son for me!"
Jacob Outwits Laban.* 25After Rachel gave birth to Joseph, Jacob said to Laban: "Allow me to go to my own region and land. 26Give me my wives and my children for whom I served you and let me go, for you know the service that I rendered you." 27Laban answered him: "If you will please! I have learned through divination that the LORD has blessed me because of you." 28He continued, "State the wages I owe you, and I will pay them." 29Jacob replied: "You know what work I did for you and how well your livestock fared under my care; 30the little you had before I came has grown into an abundance, since the LORD has blessed you in my company. Now, when can I do something for my own household as well?" 31Laban asked, "What should I give you?" Jacob answered: "You do not have to give me anything. If you do this thing for me, I will again pasture and tend your sheep. 32Let me go through your whole flock today and remove from it every dark animal among the lambs and every spotted or speckled one among the goats.* These will be my wages. 33In the future, whenever you check on my wages, my honesty will testify for me: any animal that is not speckled or spotted among the goats, or dark among the lambs, got into my possession by theft!" 34Laban said, "Very well. Let it be as you say."
35That same day Laban removed the streaked and spotted he-goats and all the speckled and spotted she-goats, all those with some white on them, as well as every dark lamb, and he put them in the care of his sons.* 36Then he put a three days' journey between himself and Jacob, while Jacob was pasturing the rest of Laban's flock.
37Jacob, however, got some fresh shoots of poplar, almond and plane* trees, and he peeled white stripes in them by laying bare the white core of the shoots. 38The shoots that he had peeled he then set upright in the watering troughs where the animals came to drink, so that they would be in front of them. When the animals were in heat as they came to drink, 39the goats mated by the shoots, and so they gave birth to streaked, speckled and spotted young. 40The sheep, on the other hand, Jacob kept apart, and he made these animals face the streaked or completely dark animals of Laban. Thus he produced flocks of his own, which he did not put with Laban's flock. 41Whenever the hardier animals were in heat, Jacob would set the shoots in the troughs in full view of these animals, so that they mated by the shoots; 42but with the weaker animals he would not put the shoots there. So the feeble animals would go to Laban, but the hardy ones to Jacob. 43So the man grew exceedingly prosperous, and he owned large flocks, male and female servants, camels, and donkeys.
* [30:3] On my knees: in the ancient Near East, a father would take a newborn child in his lap to signify that he acknowledged it as his own; Rachel uses the ceremony in order to adopt the child and establish her legal rights to it.
* [30:4] As wife: in 35:22 Bilhah is called a "concubine" (Heb. pilegesh). In v. 9, Zilpah is called "wife," and in 37:2 both women are called wives. The basic difference between a wife and a concubine was that no bride price was paid for the latter. The interchange of terminology shows that there was some blurring in social status between the wife and the concubine.
* [30:6] Dan: explained by the term dannanni, "he has vindicated me."
* [30:8] Naphtali: explained by the Hebrew term naftulim, lit., "contest" or "struggle."
* [30:11] Gad: explained by the Hebrew term begad, lit., "in luck," i.e., "what good luck!"
* [30:13] Asher: explained by the term be'oshri, lit., "in my good fortune," i.e., "what good fortune," and by the term ye'ashsheruni, "they call me fortunate."
* [30:14] Mandrakes: an herb whose root was thought to promote conception. The Hebrew word for mandrakes, duda'im, has erotic connotations, since it sounds like the words daddayim ("breasts") and dodim ("sexual pleasure").
* [30:18] Issachar: explained by the terms, sekari, "my reward," and in v. 16, sakor sekartika, "I have hired you."
* [30:20] Zebulun: explained by the terms, zebadani…zebed tob, "he has brought me a precious gift," and yizbeleni, "he will honor me."
* [30:24] Joseph: explained by the words yosep, "may he add," and in v. 23, 'asap, "he has removed."
* [30:25–43] Jacob's deception of Laban. Jacob has been living in Laban's household as an indentured worker paying off the bride price. Having paid off all his obligations, he wants to settle his accounts with Laban. His many children attest to the fulfillment of the Lord's promise of numerous progeny; the birth of Joseph to his beloved Rachel signals the fulfillment in a special way. To enter into the Lord's second promise, the land, he must now return to Canaan.
* [30:32] Dark…lambs…spotted or speckled…goats: in the Near East the normal color of sheep is light gray, whereas that of goats is dark brown or black. A minority of sheep in that part of the world have dark patches, and a minority of goats, white markings. Laban is quick to agree to the offer, for Jacob would have received only a few animals. But Jacob gets the better of him, using two different means: (1) he separates out the weaker animals and then provides visual impressions to the stronger animals at mating time (a folkloric belief); (2) in 31:8–12, he transmits the preferred characteristics through controlled propagation. It should be noted that Jacob has been told what to do in a dream (31:10) and that God is behind the increase in his flocks.
* [30:35] By giving the abnormally colored animals to his sons, Laban not only deprived Jacob of his first small wages, but he also schemed to prevent the future breeding of such animals in the flock entrusted to Jacob.
* [30:37] Plane: also called the Oriental Plane, a deciduous tree found in riverine forests and marshes.
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text:
Please change download link to https://www.haskell.org/downloads which has all the available options instead of the HP specific one.
Please move to past events:
- SF Bay Area Haskell User Group: Iteratees, July 13, 2011 @ 7pm, San Francisco, CA
- HacPDX: Portland Hackathon, July 22-24, 2011, Portland, OR
- Cambridge Hackathon, August 12-14, 2011, Cambridge, UK
Usability: Developer Tools
One of the things a beginner wants to find out quickly is: What tools are available for the developer? The front page does have a link to [Applications_and_libraries/Program_development], which has exactly the kind of info I was looking for. Unfortunately, I overlooked it the first few times because I was scanning for words like "tools" or "editors" or "IDEs". Maybe it would be a good idea to simply rename the article to "Developer Tools". I think that's a better description of the content, and it would make it easier for beginners to find the info.
--Amy de B 21:17, 19 December 2009 (UTC)
New book on the market,especially for Romania and Moldova
A new book (by Dan Popa from Bacau State Univ.) called "Practice of monads interpreters" - title translated by the editor - (orig. Practica Interpretarii monadice) is on the market. It is offered by the MatrixRom Pub. House http://www.matrixrom.ro . Suport: Paper Price: 20 lei (less then 7 euros, grab it !!). Language: romanian (yet.)
The Ro/Page of the book is here: http://www.haskell.org/haskellwiki/Practica_interpretarii_monadice
Other books by MatrixRom are here: http://www.matrixrom.ro/english/publishing/domains/computer_science.php?id=901#901
May I add it on the Headline section or somewhere else on the front page, this week ? Or should I make an English page for this (long) text ?
Thanx Dan
Question Concerning Who's using Haskell?
Haskell is used at Bacau State University (www.ub.ro) by Lect. Drd. Dan Popa as a tool for DSL (ak. domain small languges) building. Also, DSLs like Rodin are used as tools for teaching "Fundamentals of Programming Languages".
Should I add this note on the main page ? Can anybody check it (ex. spelling) and post it. Thx
Dan Popa
If no remarks will be made during this week I will consider such news as acceptable and accepted the first page of www.haskell.org . With no votes against them.
Thax again
Search Box doesn't find short words
Just leaving a note here to say that the Search box and button at the top of the page now works properly except for words of three characters or less. These are not indexed and will give no results. (See Haskell-Cafe post by Mads Lindstrøm for possible administrator technical solution and related threads.) --Rk
EduSoft.ro URL
THE EduSoft URL is: www.edusoft.ro NOT edusoft.com. You can see it in the Ro/Haskell page ! See the details. Thank you for other (wellcome) corrections.
- Calm down, I've fixed it. Naturally I googled it and assumed the parent company was the one to link to. --Gwern 23:04, 13 December 2007 (UTC)
Well done.
Logo and design
This is currently just made to look like http://haskell.org/. I expect we will want to change it later. —Ashley Y 21:58, 9 January 2006 (EST)
IMO the logo and design looks very amateurish. Are there no Haskell programmers with some experience in graphic design? Or maybe someone who knows someone? --SebastianSylvan 13:06, 11 January 2006 (EST)
- The logo seems to be well established as the "Haskell" logo. —Ashley Y 14:42, 11 January 2006 (EST)
- That doesn't change anything. In fact, it makes it worse! Appearances matter, if someone who doesn't know Haskell comes here, sees an amateurish web and logo design, they may not consider Haskell a "real" language, but rather an amateurish effort not suited for real work. In fact I'd prefer an approach similar to e.g. the ruby web site (no logo at all, rather than an amateurish logo). --SebastianSylvan 03:49, 12 January 2006 (EST)
- I should clarify that the "Haskell" headline logo is what irks me the most. The lambda-logo thing isn't as bad, although it suffers from many of the same problems ("every-effect-in-photoshop-syndrome"). I'd like it more if it was just a two color logo (and not necessarily green and purple) without all those highlights and bevels.--SebastianSylvan 04:11, 12 January 2006 (EST)
- You could raise the issue on the mailing list. The round logo at least is used on other haskell sites. —Ashley Y 21:24, 31 January 2006 (UTC)
Is there some way to suppress the wiki page title? - at the moment the page says 'Haskell' in small letters right above a huge logo also saying 'Haskell'. It looks pretty stupid. -- MikeDodds 15:01, 20 February 2006 (UTC)
The round logo at the left (which I agree is pretty garish) still takes a line by itself, leaving lots of dead white space for only a centered page title to follow it. I suggest leaving the logo at the top left, then moving the page title to the top-right. This will fix the aforementioned silliness with the home page title as well as clear up a little vertical real estate. -- Chuck Adams 17:24, 22 February 2006 (UTC)
- There is a way, but we'd need somebody with admin rights on the wiki to edit the relevant skin file: http://article.gmane.org/gmane.org.wikimedia.mediawiki/1521
- -- kowey 13:45, 17 February 2007 (UTC)
I'm going to change this page to better reflect the existing content of the wiki, rather than the content of haskell.org. —Ashley Y 05:43, 14 January 2006 (UTC)
We should probably clean up some of the clutter. I'd like to transfer everything more or less as is and the let the site go to the wiki before coming back to clean up. I'm planning to leave the old web pages for things like the history of Haskell alone at the moment. --John Peterson 17:36, 24 January 2006 (UTC)
Maybe the "learning" section should be improved? As it is none of the links under it are extremely useful. Maybe they could be concatenated and split up into "tutorials" for mere mortals, and papers which probably aren't as useful to the newbie? Also, an idea is to redesign to have the news section up in front and visible. The more important items in HWN etc. could be put here (significant new libraries etc). After all, most people are very web-centric these days so using the Haskell.org site as a general announcement page is probably a good idea if it doesn't get too cluttered.
In fact, I already have a 'significant news' page generated from the HWN archives, here. If this headlines of this kind of content is what we'd like to appear in a news bar on the page somewhere, just make a place, and I'll update it as the HWN is published each week. -- Don Stewart
- Please do! I think significant news (about new libraries, for instance) should be on the front page. If for no other reason than letting casual browsers know that the community is active. Just add titles (with dates) on each news entry on the existing news page. --SebastianSylvan 15:33, 13 March 2006 (UTC)
Plan : whitespace issues
I've made the "Haskell : A purely functional language" smaller now, so its more inline with with python.org, and perl.org logos. My model is python.org, I think our img header should be only a bit bigger than that.
The problem still remains that there is too much empty whitespace at the top of the page, before the real content. Ideally I'd like:
- 1. a smaller circular logo, about 80% of the current size
- 2. align the circle and text logos.
- 3. remove the "Haskell" wiki title from the page
So we just need to work out how to do steps 2 and 3.
Opinions? -- User:DonStewart Wed Apr 12 16:23:47 EST 2006
There doesn't seem to be an easy way to remove the title on a particular page. I asked about it on the Mediawiki irc channel, and I found this thread on the Mediawiki-l mailing list. -- JohnHamilton 19:07, 14 April 2006 (UTC)
Search with Hoogle box?
Lots of websites have a search with google box, maybe a search with hoogle box on the front page (small and discrete) would be appropriate? --Neil Mitchell 13:42, 20 February 2006 (UTC)
- That might be a good idea - the only thing that you'd have to be careful about is that it needs to be clear that Hoogle isn't a web search engine. You could easily confuse people, especially given the name - MikeDodds 17:43, 27 February 2006 (UTC)
Well-formedness / validity
Not sure where to put this...
Currently every Haskell-wiki page is invalid XHTML 1.0 Transitional and in fact not even well-formed XML (as I mention on my Wikipedia user page, which I'll update if this is fixed!). Most browsers don't mind because it's served as text/html, which it needs to stay for Internet Explorer... Anyway. Whoever controls the header at the top of the haskell-wiki pages:
- Assuming the (X)HTML in the header can be modified...
- The <form> in the header (the search box) is a block-level element. However it occurs inside a
 element that contains
- Haskell | Wiki community | Recent changes
- Random page | Upload file | Special pages
- (search box)
- This is not even very much like a paragraph. Turning that
...
 into a
...
 would fix this.
- The Haskell logo in the top left corner is implemented with . Firstly, this is not well-formed! It should end like . Secondly, it needs an alt="something" attribute. Since this logo also functions as a link, the alt text should be non-empty. I suggest alt="λ" (replacing the logo with a lambda character, which is utf-8 as per the character encoding, or perhaps the equivalent alt="λ")
Testing these changes in my own copy, in Internet Explorer 6, Firefox 2 and Konqueror 3.5.5, I observed no ill effects (and a nice lambda effect when the image was unavailable in firefox, konqueror and some text-only browser). And the W3C HTML validator was happy and the CSS validator (which relies on the XML correctness) worked.
Incidentally, http://haskell.org/ghc/ is valid, http://haskell.org/hugs/ isn't, http://haskell.org/gtk2hs/ mostly is... but, never mind that ;) (i.e. I won't pursue those)
Hoping this is an easy fix -Isaac Dupree 19:12, 19 February 2007 (UTC)
- Now HaskellWiki is well-formed and valid - Isaac Dupree 14:02, 6 August 2007 (UTC)
- I can't guarantee that, it's quite possible that some page's wiki content will translate to bad XHTML. —Ashley Y 01:06, 7 August 2007 (UTC)
Spinning Haskell Logo
What do you think about this modified logo ? Feel free to use it, even on the main page if you like.


text:
Summer is swinging at the Carlyle community, where the attractions included the Lunch Bunch Concerts at the Park this month.
Located close to the John Carlyle Square Park, this townhouse provides its own taste of summer, with its rooftop terrace overlooking the courtyard. A multipaned glass door connects the terrace to the adjoining fourth-floor bedroom.
The second-story living room displays another impressive view. Next to the fireplace a wall of multipaned Palladian windows overlooks mature trees. Chair rail enhances the adjoining dining area, while the kitchen features GE Profile appliances and Corian counters, including a work island. Hardwood floors continue throughout this level.
On the third floor, the master suite features three more large windows overlooking the rear courtyard. It also provides a walk-in closet and luxury bath, featuring a large soaking tub, a separate shower and dual vanity sinks. A full hallway bath stands beside the second bedroom.
At street level, the front door faces the stairway leading to the powder room and the three upper floors above it. The rear two-car garage opens onto the carpeted family room, where three more large multipaned windows bring the summer inside.


text:
Just why Norman's novel proved so successful is an interesting question, complicated by the fact that the Gor series enjoys a great deal of notoriety nowadays for themes implicit in its early novels that only come to the fore later on. Tarnsman of Gor could, I think, be reasonably described as a sword-and-planet tale in the Burroughsian mold, but shot through with a decidedly un-Burroughshian philosophy. It tells the story of an Englishman named Tarl Cabot, who works as a history teacher in New Hampshire before he is whisked away to a planet occupying the same orbit as our Earth but on the other side of the Sun. Norman tells this story in the first-person, a stylistic debt he clearly owes to Burroughs, even if, as I said, the rest of the novel isn't particularly Burroughsian in its themes or tone.
Upon his arrival on Gor, Cabot learns that the immortal Priest-Kings have taken men and women from Earth at various times throughout history and set them on this other world, for reasons that are inscrutable. For the most part, the Priest-Kings take no interest in the affairs of humans, allowing them to behave as they wish.
"There is at least one area, however," ... "in which the Priest-Kings do take a most active interest in this world, and that is the area of technology. They limit, selectively, the technology available to us, the Men Below the Mountains. For example, incredibly enough, weapon technology is controlled to the point where the most powerful devices of war are the crossbow and lance. Further, there is no mechanised transportation or communication equipment or detection devices such as the radar and sonar equipment so much in evidence in the military establishments of your world."In this way, Norman creates a world in which Earth men must fight as did their pre-modern ancestors, but without all the messy and difficult aspects of living in those times. It is, to be blunt, the kind of world many gamers like for their RPG settings, preserving the "cool" aspects of the past while jettisoning those things that might make it unpleasant. Perhaps it's for this reason that you'll find lots of references to Gor in fantasy and science fiction fandom during the late '60s and early '70s, including in the roleplaying hobby. Dave Arneson's Blackmoor, for example, incorporated some elements from Tarnsman of Gor and other early novels in the series, but the impression I get is that these elements were, like those from Tolkien and many other sources, very superficial and not at all indicative of having adopted the philosophy of Gor's author.
"On the other hand," he said, "you will learn that in lighting, shelter, agricultural techniques, and medicine, for example, the Mortals, or Men Below the Mountains, are relatively advanced."
Which brings us to the elephant in the room when it comes to Tarnsman of Gor -- its philosophy. I never read a single word of John Norman until I was an adult, but, when I was a kid, I distinctly remember there being hushed tones and knowing glances whenever the word "Gor" came up in gaming circles. This baffled me, all the moreso after I'd read issue #61 of Dragon which included a write-up of Tarl Cabot as part of the "Giants in the Earth" series. Writer Glenn Rahman (of Divine Right fame) judged Cabot's alignment as Lawful Evil, a decision that occasioned at least one letter to the magazine questioning his decision and much bafflement from me, as, back then, I naively thought that evil characters didn't make good protagonists. Why did Rahman think Tarl Cabot was evil and, if he was right, why were gamers so taken with this character?
When I finally did get around to reading the first few Gor novels, including Tarnsman, it soon became apparent. Gor might crudely be called a "Nietzschean" world where slavery is not only a common and "natural" practice but treated as beneficial for both slave and master. This aspect of Gor is not strongly evident in the early novels, though it's definitely there implicitly, and, given the large role in plays in later novels, it has come to be the aspect nearly everyone mentions when discussing these books. "Gor" has become a byword for deviant sex and misogyny and it was on this basis that it was treated as something "secret" among the older guys I knew involved in the hobby.
In Tarnsman of Gor, though, this stuff is very much in the background. Instead, we're mostly treated to the story of Cabot's transformation from a boring college professor to a boring swordsman and rider of giant birds. And that, for me, is the biggest bafflement I have about the Gor novels: they're pretty dull. Cabot isn't a very interesting character; he comes across mostly as a mouthpiece for Norman's views on politics and morality and is disappointingly cerebral. He's no John Carter, who, for all his Virginian stolidness, is at least compelling to read about. The same cannot be said of Cabot, who's about as boring a fantasy character as any, despite the occasionally intriguing world he inhabits.
I can only chalk up the popularity of the early Gor books like Tarnsman of Gor to the fact that, at the time they were published, there was a hunger for fantasy -- any fantasy -- and so mediocre volumes like these were eagerly snapped up. You might think that prurience played a large role in their success and that may be the case, but I do wonder about that. As I said, the first few books don't dwell on these aspects and those that do are, like Cabot, rather dull and uninteresting, being far more focused on philosophizing than titillation. For my money, Howard and Leiber provide a greater erotic charge than Norman, but then both those authors created memorable characters and stories whose primary purpose is to entertain rather than inculcate the reader in their own worldview.


text:
Gregory the Dialogist
Our father among the saints Gregory I, also known as Gregory the Great, was the Pope of Rome from September 3, 590, until his death on March 12, 604. He is noted for his writings. Also, the Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts has been attributed to him.
St. Gregory's family had large land holdings in Italy, which St. Gregory sold to help the poor following his father's death. After turning his home into a monastery named for St. Andrew, Pope Pelagius II appointed him as an ambassador to Constantinople; however, Gregory disliked the worldly atmosphere of the court and never learned Greek.
After his consecration as Bishop of Rome on September 3, 590, he negotiated a peace with the Lombards, who besieged Rome, and he dispatched St. Augustine of Canterbury to evangelize Britain.
He is known in the East as Gregory the Dialogist for his four-volume Dialogues, in which he wrote of the lives and miracles of the saints of Italy and of the afterlife. It is the primary source of the lives of St. Benedict of Nursia and his sister Scholastica. His other writings include the Moralia on Job, a commentary on the Book of Job; his Homilies on Ezekiel; the Pastoral Rule, which served as the prime manual for priests in the West for many years; and a great number of other sermons.
He added the commemoration of the Apostle Andrew to the embolism on the Lord's Prayer in the ancient Roman Mass; as a result, the Roman Mass is often called the Mass of St. Gregory, especially among a number of Orthodox. He was a patron of ancient Western chant, often called "Gregorian chant" for his patronage. In the East, the Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts celebrated during Lent commemorates St. Gregory as its author, although it is unclear what role he played in its development.
St. Gregory reposed on March 12, 604.
"He, therefore, who sets himself to act evilly and yet wishes others to be silent, is a witness against himself, for he wishes himself to be loved more than the truth, which he does not wish to be defended against himself. There is, of course, no man who so lives as not sometimes to sin, but he wishes truth to be loved more than himself, who wills to be spared by no one against the truth. Wherefore, Peter willingly accepted the rebuke of Paul; David willingly hearkened to the reproof of a subject. For good rulers who pay no regard to self-love, take as a homage to their humility the free and sincere words of subjects. But in this regard the office of ruling must be tempered with such great art of moderation, that the minds of subjects, when demonstrating themselves capable of taking right views in some matters, are given freedom of expression, but freedom that does not issue into pride, otherwise, when liberty of speech is granted too generously, the humility of their own lives will be lost." -- Pastoral Care
"Every day you provide your bodies with good to keep them from failing. In the same way your good works should be the daily nourishment of your hearts. Your bodies are fed with food and your spirits with good works. You aren't to deny your soul, which is going to live forever, what you grant to your body, which is going to die."
"For to despise the present age, not to love transitory things, unreservedly to stretch out the mind in humility to God and our neighbor, to preserve patience against offered insults and, with patience guarded, to repel the pain of malice from the heart, to give one's property to the poor, not to covet that of others, to esteem the friend in God, on God's account to love even those who are hostile, to mourn at the affliction of a neighbor, not to exult in the death of one who is an enemy, this is the new creature whom the Master of the nations seeks with watchful eye amid the other disciples, saying: 'If, then, any be in Christ a new creature, the old things are passed away. Behold all things are made new' (2 Cor. 5:17)."
"We truly love God and keep His commandments if we restrain ourselves from our pleasures. For he who still abandons himself to unlawful desires certainly does not love God, since he contradicts Him in his own intentions.... Therefore, he loves God truly, whose mind is not conquered by consent to evil delight. For the more one takes pleasure in lower things, the more he is separated from heavenly love."
"I say it without the least hesitation, whoever calls himself the universal bishop, or desires this title, is, by his pride, the precursor of Antichrist, because he thus attempts to raise himself above the others. The error into which he falls springs from pride equal to that of Antichrist; for as that Wicked One wished to be regarded as exalted above other men, like a god, so likewise whoever would be called sole bishop exalteth himself above others....You know it, my brother; hath not the venerable Council of Chalcedon conferred the honorary title of 'universal' upon the bishops of this Apostolic See [Rome], whereof I am, by God's will, the servant? And yet none of us hath permitted this title to be given to him; none hath assumed this bold title, lest by assuming a special distinction in the dignity of the episcopate, we should seem to refuse it to all the brethren."
Liturgical Hymns
- Receiving divine grace from God on high, O glorious Gregory,
- And strengthened with its power,
- You willed to walk in the path of the Gospel, O most blessed one.
- Therefore you have received from Christ the reward of your labors!
- Entreat him that he may save our souls!
Kontakion (Tone 3)
- You showed yourself to be an imitator of Christ, the chief Shepherd,
- O Father Gregory,
- Guiding the orders of monks to the fold of heaven.
- From there you taught the flock of Christ His commandments!
- Now you rejoice and dance with them in the mansions of heaven!
External links
- Who Was St. Gregory the Great?
- St. Gregory Dialogus, the Pope of Rome
- The Catholic Encyclopedia
- Wikipedia
- Icon of St. Gregory Dialogos
- Evening Worship in the Orthodox Church Includes a section on the Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts, pp. 155-162
Gregory the Dialogist | ||
Preceded by: Pelagius II |
Pope of Rome 590–604 |
Succeeded by: Sabinianus |
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text:
Report on Chirpoi (Russia) — 15 June-21 June 2016
Smithsonian Institution / US Geological Survey
Weekly Volcanic Activity Report, 15 June-21 June 2016
Managing Editor: Sally Sennert.
Please cite this report as:
Global Volcanism Program, 2016. Report on Chirpoi (Russia) (Sennert, S, ed.). Weekly Volcanic Activity Report, 15 June-21 June 2016. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
46.532°N, 150.871°E; summit elev. 742 m
All times are local (unless otherwise noted)
SVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Snow, a volcano of Chirpoi, was detected in satellite images on 19 June. The Aviation Color Code remained at Yellow.
Geological Summary. Chirpoi, a small island lying between the larger islands of Simushir and Urup, contains a half dozen volcanic edifices constructed within an 8-9 km wide, partially submerged caldera. The southern rim of the caldera is exposed on nearby Brat Chirpoev Island. The symmetrical Cherny volcano, which forms the central cone of the island, erupted twice during the 18th and 19th centuries. The youngest volcano, Snow, originated between 1770 and 1810. It is composed almost entirely of lava flows, many of which have reached the sea on the southern coast. No recorded eruptions are known from Brat Chirpoev, but its youthful morphology suggests recent Strombolian activity.