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Church of Alexandria (Coptic)
The Coptic Orthodox Church is the portion of the Church of Alexandria which broke from the Byzantine churches in the wake of the Fourth Ecumenical Council in Chalcedon in 451. Sharing a common heritage before with the Chalcedonian Church of Alexandria, it traces its origins to the Apostle Mark. The church is one of the Oriental Orthodox churches. Its leader is the Coptic Pope of Alexandria, currently Pope Theodore II. The Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria cares for about 18 million Coptic Orthodox Christians in Egypt and abroad, besides being the Mother Church of both the Ethiopian and Eritrean Orthodox Tewahido Churches. More than 95% of the Christians of Egypt are Coptic Orthodox, but other "Patriarchates/Patriarchs of Alexandria" also exist (Coptic Catholic, Greek/Latin Catholic and Greek Orthodox - see 'Coptic Christianity Today' below), as well as small Protestant and Anglican denominations.
Autocephalous Churches |
Armenia | Alexandria | Ethiopia | Antioch | India | Eritrea |
Autonomous Churches |
Armenia: Cilicia | Jerusalem | Constantinople Antioch: Jacobite Indian |
The Coptic Church regards itself as having never believed in monophysitism the way it was portrayed in the Council of Chalcedon, but rather as having always believed in miaphysitism (a doctrine that Oriental Orthodox Churches regard as correct and orthodox). In that council, monophysitism meant believing in one nature of Jesus Christ. Copts believe that the Lord is perfect in his divinity, and he is perfect in his humanity, but his divinity and His humanity were united in one nature called "the nature of the incarnate Word," which was articulated by St. Cyril of Alexandria. Copts thus believe in two natures "human" and "divine" that are united in one "without mingling, without confusion, and without alteration" (from the declaration of faith at the end of the Coptic divine liturgy). These two natures "did not separate for a moment or the twinkling of an eye" (also from the declaration of faith at the end of the Coptic divine liturgy).
Egypt is often identified as the place of refuge that the Holy Family sought in its flight from Judea: "When he arose, he took the young Child and His mother by night and departed for Egypt, and was there until the death of Herod, that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the Lord through the prophet, saying, Out of Egypt I called My Son (Matthew 2:12-23). The Egyptian Church, which is now more than nineteen centuries old, was the subject of many prophecies in the Old Testament. Isaiah the prophet, in Chapter 19, Verse 19 says "In that day there will be an altar to the LORD in the midst of the land of Egypt, and a pillar to the LORD at its border."
The first Christians in Egypt were mainly Alexandrian Jews such as Theophilus, whom the Apostle Luke addresses in the introductory chapter of his gospel. When the church was founded by Mark during the reign of the Roman emperor Nero, a great multitude of native Egyptians (as opposed to Greeks or Jews) embraced the Christian faith. Christianity spread throughout Egypt within half a century of Mark's arrival in Alexandria as is clear from the New Testament writings found in Bahnasa, in Middle Egypt, which date around the year 200 AD, and a fragment of the Gospel of John, written in Coptic, which was found in Upper Egypt and can be dated to the first half of the second century. In the second century Christianity began to spread to the rural areas, and scriptures were translated into the local language, namely Coptic.
The Catechetical School of Alexandria
The Catechetical School of Alexandria is the oldest catechetical school in the world. Founded around 190 by the scholar Pantanaeus, the school of Alexandria became an important institution of religious learning, where students were taught by scholars such as Athenagoras, Clement, Didymus, and the great Origen, who was considered the father of theology and who was also active in the field of commentary and comparative Biblical studies. Origen wrote over 6,000 commentaries of the Bible in addition to his famous Hexapla. Many scholars such as St. Jerome visited the school of Alexandria to exchange ideas and to communicate directly with its scholars. The scope of this school was not limited to theological subjects; science, mathematics and humanities were also taught there. The question and answer method of commentary began there, and 15 centuries before Braille, wood-carving techniques were in use there by blind scholars to read and write.
The Theological college of the catechetical school of Alexandria was re-established in 1893. The new school currently has campuses in Alexandria, Cairo, New Jersey, and Los Angeles, where Coptic priests-to-be and other qualified men and women are taught among other subjects Christian theology, history, Coptic language and art—including chanting, music, iconography, and tapestry.
Monasticism and missionary work
In the third century, during the persecution of Decius, some Christians fled to the desert, and remained there to pray after the persecutions abated. This was the beginning of the monastic movement, which was reorganized by the saints Anthony the Great and Pachomius in the 4th century. By the end of the century, there were hundreds of monasteries, and thousands of cells and caves scattered throughout the Egyptian hills. A number of these monasteries are still flourishing and have new vocations till this day.
Egyptian monasticism attracted the attention of Christians in other parts of the world, who visited Egypt, many bringing monastic ideas home with them, and spreading monasticism through the Christian world. St. Basil the Great, organizer of the monastic movement in Asia Minor visited Egypt around AD 357 and his rule is followed by the eastern churches; St. Jerome, en route to Jerusalem, stopped in Egypt and left details of his experiences in his letters; St. Benedict of Nursia founded monasteries in the 6th century on the model of Pachomius, but in a stricter form.
Council of Chalcedon
Note: This article or section represents an Oriental Orthodox (Non-Chalcedonian) perspective, which may differ from an Eastern Orthodox (Chalcedonian) understanding. |
By the time the Council of Chalcedon was called, politics had already started to intermingle with Church affairs. When the Emperor Marcianus interfered with matters of faith in the Church, the response of Dioscorus of Alexandria (the Pope of Alexandria who was later to be exiled) to this interference was clear: "You have nothing to do with the Church." It was at Chalcedon that the emperor would take his revenge for the Pope's frankness.
The Council of Chalcedon abandoned Cyrillian terminology and declared that Christ was one hypostasis in two natures. However, in the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed, "Christ was conceived of the Holy Spirit and of the Virgin Mary," thus the foundation according to non-Chalcedonians is made clear. In terms of Christology the Oriental understanding is that Christ is "One Nature--the Logos Incarnate," of the full humanity and full divinity. The Byzantine understanding is that Christ is in two natures, full humanity and full divinity. (Just as all of us are of our mother and father and not in our mother and father, so too is the nature of Christ. If Christ is in full humanity and in full divinity, then He is separate in two persons as the Nestorians teach. Imagine your nature in your mother and your father; you are then two different people. If however your nature is of your mother and your father, then you are one person [1].) This is the linguistic difference which separated the Orientals from the Byzantines.
The Council's finding were rejected by many of the Christians on the fringes of the Byzantine Empire: Egyptians, Syrians, Armenians, and others. From that point onward, Alexandria would have two patriarchs: the "Melkite" or Imperial Patriarch, now officially known by the Egyptian State as the Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Alexandria and all Africa [2], and the non-Chalcedonian national Egyptian one, now known as the Coptic Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria and Apostolic See of St. Mark. Almost the entire Egyptian population rejected the terms of the Council of Chalcedon and remained faithful to the national Egyptian Church (now known as the Coptic Church). Those who supported the Chalcedonian definition remained in communion with the other leading churches of the Roman Empire. The non-Chalcedonian party became what is today called the Oriental Orthodox Church.
The Coptic Church regards herself as having been misunderstood at the Council of Chalcedon. Some Copts believe that perhaps the Council understood the Church correctly, but wanted to exile the Church, to isolate her and to abolish the Egyptian, independent Pope, who maintained that Church and State should remain separate. The Coptic Church regarded that the ousting of Pope Dioscorus of Alexandria in the council of Chalcedon was in part due to the rivalry between the Bishops of Alexandria and Rome. The Tome of Pope Leo of Rome was considered influenced by Nestorian philosophy. It is important to note that Pope Dioscorus of Alexandria was never labeled as heretic by the council's canons. Copts also believe that the Pope of Alexandria was forcibly prevented from attending the third congregation of the council in which he was ousted, which apparently was a result of the conspiracy tailored by the Roman delegates. For further info, please refer to this key paper on the subject by Professor Fr. John S. Romanides, a prominent Greek Orthodox scholar.
Before the current positive era of Eastern and Oriental Orthodox dialogues, Chalcedonians sometimes used to call the non-Chalcedonians "monophysites", though the Coptic Church denies that she teaches monophysitism, which she has always regarded as a heresy. They have sometimes called the Chalcedonian group "dyophysites". A term that comes closer to Coptic doctrine is "miaphysite" [3], which refers to a conjoined nature for Christ, both human and divine, united indivisibly in the Incarnate Logos. The Coptic Church believes that Christ is perfect in His divinity, and He is perfect in His humanity, but His divinity and His humanity were united in one nature called "the nature of the incarnate word", which was reiterated by Saint Cyril of Alexandria. Copts, thus, believe in two natures "human" and "divine" that are united in one hypostasis without mingling, without confusion, and without alteration. These two natures did not separate for a moment or the twinkling of an eye (Coptic Liturgy of Saint Basil of Caesarea).
Copts suffered under the rule of the Byzantine Eastern Roman Empire. The Melkite Patriarchs, appointed by the emperors as both spiritual leaders and civil governors, massacred the Egyptian population whom they considered heretics. Many Egyptians were tortured and martyred to accept the terms of Chalcedon, but Egyptians remained loyal to the faith of their fathers and to the Cyrillian view of Christology. One of the most renowned Egyptian saints of that period is Saint Samuel the Confessor.
The Arab conquest of Egypt
The Arab conquest of Egypt took place in AD 641. Although the Imperial forces resisted the Arab army under Amr ibn al-As, the majority of the civilian population, having suffered persecution for the differing Christian beliefs, were less hostile; in some cases they welcomed their new masters. Considered "People of the Book", Christians were allowed to practice their religion, under the restrictions of the Islamic Shari'a law. This protection stemmed in part from a Hadith of Muhammad (whose Egyptian wife had been the only one to bear a male child) that advised "When you conquer Egypt, be kind to the Copts for they are your proteges and kith and kin" and in part from a need to have capable administrators.
Despite the political upheaval, Egypt remained a predominently Christian land, although gradual conversions to Islam over the centuries had the effect of changing Egypt from a predominantly Christian to a predominantly Muslim country by the end of the 12th century. This process was sped along by persecutions during and following the reign of the mad Fatimid caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah (reigned AD 996-1021) and the Crusades, and also by the acceptance of Arabic as a liturgical language by the Pope of Alexandria, Gabriel ibn-Turaik.
From the 19th century to the 1952 revolution
The position of the Copts began to improve early in the 19th century under the stability and tolerance of Muhammad Ali's dynasty. The Coptic community ceased to be regarded by the state as an administrative unit and, by 1855, the main mark of Copts' inferiority, the Jizya tax, was lifted. Shortly thereafter, Christians started to serve in the Egyptian army. The 1919 revolution in Egypt, the first grassroots display of Egyptian identity in centuries, stands as a witness to the homogeneity of Egypt's modern society with both its Muslim and Christian components. However, recently (2005-2006) Christians have unfortunately been persecuted in various parts of Egypt.
Coptic Christianity today
The current Coptic Orthodox Patriarch of Alexandria is Pope Tawadros II. There is a small Coptic Catholic Church (Eastern Rite Catholic) established in the 19th century and headed by a Patriarch of Alexandria in communion with the Pope of Rome. The Melkite Greek Catholic Church has little presence in Egypt, but is headed by a Patriarch of Alexandria, Antioch and Jerusalem.
By some accounts there are about 60 million Coptic Orthodox Christians in the world: they are found primarily in Egypt (roughly 15 million), Ethiopia (roughly 38 million [4]), and Eritrea (roughly 2 million), but there are significant numbers in North America, Europe, Australia, Sudan and Israel, and in diaspora throughout the world making approximately another 3 to 4 million. However, as applied to the Tewahedo Church of Ethiopia, which in 1959 was granted her first own Patriarch by Coptic Pope Cyril VI of Alexandria, the word Coptic can be considered a misnomer because it means Egyptian. The Eritrean Orthodox Church similarly became independent of the Tewahedo Church during the 1990s. These three churches remain in full communion with each other and with the other Oriental Orthodox churches.
Since the 1980s theologians from the the Oriental Orthodox and Chalcedonian Orthodox churches have been meeting in a bid to resolve the theological differences, and have concluded that many of the differences are caused by the two groups using different terminology to describe the same thing (see Agreed Official Statements on Christology with the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches). In the summer of 2001, the Coptic Orthodox and Greek Orthodox Patriarchates of Alexandria agreed to mutually recognize baptisms performed in each other's churches, making rebaptisms unnecessary, and to recognize the sacrament of marriage as celebrated by the other. Previously, if a Coptic and Greek wanted to marry, the marriage had to be performed twice, once in each church, for it to be recognized by both. Now it can be done in only one church and be recognized by both.
In the Coptic Church only men may be ordained, and they must be married before they are ordained, if they wish to be married. In this respect they follow the same practices as does the Eastern Orthodox Church.
Traditionally, the Coptic language [5] was used in church services, and the scriptures were written in the Coptic alphabet [6]. However, due to the Arabisation of Egypt, service in churches started to witness increased use of Arabic, while preaching is done entirely in Arabic. Native languages are used, in conjunction with Coptic, during services outside of Egypt.
The Coptic Orthodox Church has her own, unique purely religious/liturgical music and chants [7], [8], [9], [10] (some are also used by Coptic Catholics).
Following their own church calendar (Coptic Calendar), Coptic Christians celebrate Christmas on the 7th of January which, since 2002, is an official national holiday in Egypt. The Coptic calendar is the calendar of martyrs. Coptic years are counted from 284 AD, the year Diocletian became Roman Emperor, whose reign was marked by tortures and mass executions of Christians, especially in Egypt. Hence, the Coptic year is identified by the abbreviation AM (for Anno Martyrum or "Year of the Martyrs").
The Coptic Orthodox Church also has her own distinguished Coptic art [11], [12]; iconography [13], [14], [15]; and architecture [16], [17].
Some Coptic saints
Note: Some of these are not saints on the Chalcedonian calendar.
- Abanoub
- Abdel Messih El-Makari
- Abraam Bishop of Fayoum الأنبا إبرآم أسقف الفيوم
- Andrews (Ibrahim) the Samuelite
- Anthony the Great القديس الأنبا أنطونيوس أب الرهبان
- Athanasius the Apostolic البابا أثناسيوس الرسولي
- Bishoy
- Bishoy Kamel
- Cyril of Alexandria القديس البابا كيرلس السكندري عامود الدين
- Cyril VI (Atta) of Alexandria قداسة البابا كيرلس السادس
- Demiana الشهيدة دميانة
- Didymus the Blind القديس ديديموس الضرير
- Dioscorus I البابا ديسقوروس
- Macarius the Great
- Mary of Egypt القديسة مريم المصرية
- Maurice القديس موريس قائد الكتيبة الطيبية
- Mikhail Ibrahim
- Mina الشهيد مارمينا العجايبي
- Moses the Black القديس موسى الأسود
- Mina (Rizk) AvaMina
- Pakhom القديس باخوم أب الشركة
- Parsoma (Barsoum El-Erian) الأنبا برسوم العريان
- Paul the Anchorite
- Philopatyr Mercurius
- Samuel the Confessor
- Shenoute the Archimandrite
- Simon the Shoemaker
- Takla Haymanot القديس الأنبا تكلا هيمانوت الحبشي القس
- Tigy
- Verena القديسة فيرينا
See also
- List of Coptic Popes
- Category:Coptic interpretations of the Fourth Ecumenical Council
- Heritage of the Coptic Orthodox Church
- Portions of this article taken from Wikipedia:Coptic Christianity
External links
- Official Website of the Coptic Pope
- Video - Christianity in Egypt and the History of Coptic Monasticism:
- Christianity in Egypt;
- Three Kinds of Monasticism;
- The Monastery of El-Moharrak: Vol.1, Vol.2, Vol.3;
- The History of Monasticism (St. Anthony): Vol.1, Vol.2;
- St. Bishoy's Monastery;
- St. Makarious' Monastery;
- St. Mina's Monastery
- An Overview of the Coptic Christians of Egypt by Lara Iskander and Jimmy Dunn
- coptichymns.net The hub of the Coptic Media Network
- copticheritage.org The Official Website of the Heritage of the Coptic Orthodox Church
- Links to ALL Coptic sites
- Holy Virgin Mary Apparitions over the domes of Her Coptic Orthodox Church in Zeitun, Cairo, Egypt, 1968 - seen by millions
- The late Pope Kyrillos VI (Cyril the Sixth), 116th Pope of Alexandria and See of St. Mark (Coptic Orthodox Patriarch, 1959-1971)
- St. Mina (Menas) Coptic Orthodox Monastery in Mariut, near Alexandria, Egypt
- Encyclopedia Coptica: The Christian Coptic Orthodox Church Of Egypt
- HH Pope Shenouda III: Biography and Writings
- Coptic Church History at www.St-Takla.org
- More Information on the Coptic Church, its Beliefs, Practices, and Liturgical Life
- CoptNet - The Christian Coptic Orthodox Church Of Egypt
- Réseau des Coptes en France
- Ancient Hymns of the Coptic Orthodox Church
- Coptic Hymns
- The MA Program in Coptic Studies at Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- France-copte.net Coptic Website in France, Autor Mikhail David
- Official Website of Coptic Orthodox Diocese in the Midlands & Affiliated Regions U.K.
- Two Thousand Years of Coptic Christianity by Dr. Otto F. A. Meinardus (368 pages - Cairo: AUC Press, 2002)
- Traditional Egyptian Christianity: A History of the Coptic Orthodox Church by Rev. Fr. Prof. Theodore H. Partrick (226 pages - Fisher Park Press, 1996)
- Story of the Church of Egypt - by Edith L Butcher (1897)
- Selected Bibliography about Coptic Christianity


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Pre-Planning Options
Many people plan for life events such as weddings and vacations well in advance, but many people do not plan for something that is certain to happen, their funeral. While most people do not want to think about their own mortality, the time to pre-plan your funeral is now. The primary advantages of pre-arranging your funeral is to relieve the burden on your loved ones in an already emotional time, and to ensure your funeral is carried out according to your wishes, eliminating the task of second-guessing what you would have wanted. Taking the time now to arrange your funeral is one less thing your loved ones will need to worry about once you've passed. Pre-planning and pre-paying your funeral is one of the most thoughtful gifts you can give to your family.
Pre-Payment Options
Pre-paying your funeral reduces stress and financial burden on your loved ones after your passing. We can co-ordinate a payment plans that suits your needs, from a single payment plan to monthly bank account withdrawals. By pre-paying your funeral you eliminate your family second guessing on if they have spent too much or too little on your funeral. Pre-payment also protects you and your family from inflation, and the growth is non-taxable. Depending on your region, if your funeral costs less than the amount you have put aside, those funds will be refunded back to your beneficiaries. For more information on what is applicable in your region, simply speak to your funeral director. Each year thousands of people decide to pre-plan and pre-pay their funeral, these plans are designed to be flexible and can accommodate the many changes that often occur in people's lives.
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Benefits of Pre-Planning
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- It's easy. Anyone can do it, and you can change your mind at any time.


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Replacement Battery FMVNP256
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Title: Letting Love In
Series: Damaged Heart #2
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Photographer: RplusMphoto
Cover Designer: Cover Me Darling
Emma believes it's only a matter of time before Justin realizes she will never be good enough for him. To save her heart from breaking, she runs from the one person who opened a door she thought was forever closed.
Justin is determined to do whatever it takes to make Emma his. But fate is a spiteful bitch, and a secret he's tried to keep in the past has resurfaced, threatening to destroy everything they've started building together. Can Justin earn Emma's love despite it, or will this revelation prove to be too much for them to overcome?
Ryan lost Emma once and he is determined to win her back. Seven years later, a chance encounter brings Ryan and Emma face to face again, and the truth behind what tore them apart all those years ago is brought to light. Will the discovery of those past actions be enough to alter their future choices? Will Emma open her heart to loving him again?
Emma has been dealt a terrible hand when it comes to both life and love, and now her heart is torn in two. She realizes she'll have to make a choice; one that will decide her destiny. Will she choose the boy who stole her heart so many years ago, or the man who finally opened her heart, letting love in?
***This is the conclusion to Emma's story***
Katharina LeBoeuf grew up in New Orleans water skiing on the bayous and getting her fill of Cajun food. She graduated from LSU School of Nursing and currently works as a Registered Nurse.
She loves sitting in her hammock and reading a good book. On the rare occasion there's not a book in her hand, she's watching her favorite shows like Friends, Seinfeld, The Walking Dead, and Criminal Minds on Netflix. She loves cheering on her boys during their baseball games and attending plays her daughter performs in. Oh yeah, and she loves writing!
Katharina lives in Orlando with her high school sweetheart, three children, a smelly cat named Chester (it's not his fault) and a dog named Rhett.


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About Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation
The Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation is a force of healing and hope for individuals, families and communities affected by addiction to alcohol and other drugs. As the nation's leading nonprofit provider of comprehensive inpatient and outpatient addiction and mental health care for adults and youth, the Foundation has treatment centers and telehealth services nationwide as well as a network of collaborators throughout health care. Through charitable support and a commitment to innovation, the Foundation is able to continually enhance care, research, programs and services, and help more people.
With a legacy that began in 1949 and includes the 1982 founding of the Betty Ford Center, the Foundation today is committed to diversity, equity and inclusion in its services and throughout the organization, which also encompasses a graduate school of addiction studies, a publishing division, an addiction research center, recovery advocacy and thought leadership, professional and medical education programs, school-based prevention resources and a specialized program for children who grow up in families with addiction.
- Inpatient Treatment
- Outpatient Treatment
- Telehealth
- Detox


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Use your voice
Members have a unique opportunity at the IUCN Congress to influence the global conservation agenda through the motions. To do this, they must ensure to get accreditation so they can vote and speak at the Members' Assembly, together with observers with speaking rights.
"IUCN's Members are all independent agencies, well able to set their own agenda. But by working together toward a common global agenda, the Membership, Secretariat and Commissions can have a far greater impact than by working alone."
These opening words on setting the global conservation agenda from the Impact of IUCN Resolutions paper sum up perfectly that power lies in unity.
Seldom is this more evident than at the World Conservation Congress, when all parts of IUCN join up in the same place every four years. Together, they influence the course of conservation action for the next four years to come.
To realize this ambition, the Union puts forward draft decisions (known as motions) on some of the world's most pressing environmental matters. IUCN Members then take joint decisions during the Congress, by vote, to select which motions will become resolutions or recommendations influencing global action for sustainable development.
Motions: democracy in action
"The IUCN motions process is democracy at its best. Everybody gets a voice and the forum is open for transparent discussions on conservation and the future we want," says Constanza Martinez, Head of the Motions team at the IUCN Congress.
In preparation of the 2012 Congress held from 6 to 15 September in Korea, 175 motions have been published on 8 July, 60 days before the opening ceremony, after a thorough review process. This represents a 30% increase in comparison to the number of motions presented in 2008.
To smooth the process during the Members' Assembly when the voting takes place, a motions blog is available to create a platform of discussions prior to the Congress. This allows Members to raise issues and debate on important points – an opportunity that can't be guaranteed during the event due to limited time.
Accreditation: your rights, your duty
The Members' Assembly is the part of the World Conservation Congress where Members and observers with speaking rights can exercise their rights and have an effect on the way we deal with conservation issues. As such, it is IUCN's highest decision-making body and works as a global environmental parliament.
As with any civic voting, participation to such high-level decision-making requires to have your credentials in good check. Thus anyone who has the right to vote or speak during the Members' Assembly must imperatively get accreditation before the Congress's kick-off.
To facilitate this process, an online accreditation system has been put in place to easily download the required form and send it back as a scanned digital format directly through the system.
A great advantage of this online facility is that Members can decide to change the Head of Delegation during the course of the Congress via this system. It also allows those who are unable to attend the Congress to give proxy to another Member organization or institution. All this, provided they have submitted their statement of credentials, of course.


text: Cover bags or boxes of seedlings in the field or in transport to reduce heat buildup and stress. Proven successful for over 20 years, using the SilvaCool III* Heat Shield at your planting site or covering seedlings in transit is another inexpensive way to protect your trees from heat stress. With the mylar surface down and white vinyl up to reflect solar exposure, heat buildup or "hot spots" underneath the tarp are dissipated. Likewise, but in reverse, any cool air that is present or that remains from cold storage is retained longer.


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What is a serpentine belt?
The engine in your car has many roles to fill. It has to do more than move. It also has to generate electricity, assist with power steering, cool off the passengers, and keep itself cool. The serpentine belt - sometimes referred to as the fan belt, alternator belt, or accessory drive belt - is used to spin, or "drive," several components attached to the engine. It drives the alternator that powers the electrical system and recharges the battery. It also drives the power steering pump, the air conditioning compressor, and the water pump. (The water pump circulates coolant through the cooling system). In the past, multiple drive belts were used to turn pulleys attached to these components. Today, most vehicles employ just a single belt - the serpentine belt - to do the job.
How does the serpentine belt work?
As the engine's crankshaft pulley turns it drives the serpentine belt. In turn, the belt drives the pulleys for the other systems including the air conditioning, alternator, water pump, cooling fan, and power steering.
What are the symptoms related to a bad serpentine belt?
Over time serpentine belts stretch, crack, and the ribs that ride on the accessory pulleys being to wear smooth. A squealing noise that increases with engine speed or as engine driven accessories are turned on may be noted. The noise is caused by the belt slipping on the pulleys, insufficiently driving them. Ineffective air conditioning, a battery warning light, or intermittent power steering assist can result from this.»MORE: Symptoms of a bad serpentine belt
Can I drive with a serpentine belt problem?
A slipping belt means one or all of the accessories are not being driven properly. Loss of air conditioning, electrical power, power steering, or water pump and fan drive are possible depending on the severity of the wear. If left for too long the belt can shred or come off of the pulleys. The belt should be inspected as soon as is convenient to protect against becoming stranded.
How often do serpentine belts need to be replaced?
Replacement intervals vary by vehicle and driving conditions. We typically see this part replaced approximately every 100,000 miles.
How are serpentine belt issues diagnosed?
The technician will visually inspect the serpentine belt for wear or fluid contamination. The belts have grooves that locate them laterally on the accessory pulleys. These will be checked for cracking or chunking. On vehicles equipped with automatic belt tensioners there is usually a gauge on the tensioner that indicates how much the belt has stretched, this will also be checked.
How is a serpentine belt replaced?
The technician will loosen the tensioner to allow slack in the belt. After removing the old belt, the technician will route the new one over the accessories, then release the tensioner so that it puts tension on the belt. The vehicle will then be started to check that the belt has been properly routed.
RepairPal Recommendations for serpentine belt issues
High-quality serpentine belts are less likely to squeak and/or prematurely fail. The vehicle may have multiple tensioners and idler pulleys that the belts ride on. This would be a good time to inspect them for bearing wear and replace as needed. It is also important to inspect the accessory pulleys, especially in the case where a relatively new belt was shredded or thrown off. Worn or stuck pulleys can damage a new belt in short order.
What to look out for when dealing with serpentine belt issues
Belts can be referred to as serpentine belts, accessory belts, drive belts, fan belts, alternator belts, water pump belts, or V-Belts depending on vehicle application. It is important to order the correct one for your specific vehicle. Belts can also differ by optional equipment, such as air conditioning. Such cases will provide a range in belt size. When driving through large puddles, it is possible for water to splash up into the engine bay and get onto the belts and pulleys. This will not damage them, but a squealing noise may be noted, along with the alternator or battery light illuminating due to the alternator belt slipping. Additionally, leaking coolant or oil can cause belt issues. Coolant will act as a lubricant and cause the belts to slip, while leaking oil will also damage the belt's rubber.
Can I replace the serpentine belt myself?
The vast majority of serpentine belts only require simple tools to replace. However, the procedures vary wildly from car to car. Before ordering parts or attempting this repair yourself, look online for guides on how to replace the belts in your specific vehicle. Vehicles with transversely mounted engines are often more difficult to service due to lack of space between the engine and frame. Special tools to release and lock the belt tensioner may be required to perform this procedure.


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Comes with standard single vision lenses, a scratch-resistant treatment, case and cloth.
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Sounders star Clint Dempsey isn't having a great time in London, where he's on a two-month loan to fading Fulham FC. But he seemed to be enjoying himself on ESPN's "Highly Questionable" talk show where he unveiled his skills as a rapper. If you want to skip the lame questions, his music-free demo is about 4:30 into the video.
Dempsey's team, for whom he starred from 2007 to 2012, has lost six in a row, is last in Barclay's Premier League with 20 points and is in danger of relegation. Friday Fulham fired its coach, Rene Meulensteen, after 74 days and hired Felix Magath to be its third head coach this season.
Dempsey hasn't played the past two games and has yet to score since his arrival in early January. He's scoreless in the six losses and didn't suit up for the past two. His final game during the loan period is Saturday. His last appearance was for 120 minutes in a 1-0 FA Cup loss to third-tier Sheffield United Feb. 4.
"Obviously Fulham is in a very difficult situation and the team has been struggling," Sounders coach Sigi Schmid told reporters recently. "Me and Clint have been in communication with each other. He feels he is definitely getting there fitness-wise, and he wants to be sharp when he comes back here. But when you're in a relegation battle, it's very emotionally taxing."
The Fulham loan was supposedly a run-up to the MLS season, which for Dempsey is a run-up to the World Cup in Brazil. But the lack of productivity so far suggests that the run-ups are steeper than most imagined for Dempsey to regain form. But no one is suggesting he has a backup career in rap.


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The Co-op Connections Card, Touchstone Energy's free membership card, offers cooperative members more than 24,000 local and national deals on products and services. There are over 37 million cards and key fobs in use in communities across the country. This card helps you save on:
- Automotive
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- Healthy Savings Benefits like Dental and Vision
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- And so much more.
The cards include discounts on prescription drugs at over 60,000 locations as well. Consumers have already saved more than $60 million on prescriptions alone!


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Urban Realty
Printed on a 1/4" inch Chromalux Board.
Glossy Finish. UV protected.
Scratch and Fade resistant.
Mounted with 1/2" inch float mount backer.
Shipping Info
• Estimated Arrival 2 - 4 Weeks
• This item is a final sale and not eligible for return
• Availability Ships to U.S. only


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Would you like to receive our most current information and offers by e-mail? Enter your e-mail address here to sign up.
The SleepRight dental guards are the only occlusal splints approved by the British Dental Health Foundation. Find out more.
If you would like us to provide your surgery with our information leaflets, please complete the on-line request form.
Do you need more information for your article or you want to organise an interview? Contact our media desk.
Introducing the world's leading oral appliance for bruxism, snoring and sleep apnoea. Read more.


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Please note this is a PDF pattern only. No fabric, floss, or other materials are included in the listing. Finished product measure 5.3 X 4.1 inches when using 14 count Aida fabric. If you use a different fabric count the size will change, so plan accordingly.
You will get a PDF document of the cross stitch pattern above. You'll need a PDF viewer to view it. If you don't have one installed, you can get Adobe Reader for FREE at http://www.adobe.com/products/reader.html
Patterns are for personal use only. Please do not list for online sale. Distribution of the pattern either electronically or in hard copy form is prohibited.
Due to their nature as electronic files, PDF patterns cannot be returned. If you have questions about the pattern, don't hesitate to let me know!
Finished stitch or kit is available through custom order requests.
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I became a doctor to help people.
When I was a medical student, I held the naive and idealistic belief that if I just did good work, the business side of things would somehow take care of itself.
How wrong I was.
Now I'm an internist taking care of all comers age 18 and up. Some days I find myself facing patients and feeling more like a harried airline clerk than a real doctor.
I carry a laptop in and out of each exam room, fretting about entering all sorts of data to document the work I do. It feels as though I'm trying to find seats on an oversold airplane — and someone's going to leave the office unhappy toward the end of the day as all the computer work leads to overtime.
Doctors are on a hamster wheel these days. We're compelled to run faster just to stay in place.
It's about to get worse. Obamacare means millions more people will want our services, with not enough primary care doctors to meet demand.
Government incentives that are pushing us toward computer-based records mean that doctors like me now spend as much time documenting our visits with patients as we do examining them.
As the hassles have gotten worse, I've seen many colleagues jump ship. Most have sold practices to larger enterprises like hospitals, leaving the risks of business management to the buyers.
I've thought of bailing myself and entering the so-called direct practice model. I wouldn't take insurance then, and patients would have to pay me directly via monthly subscription
Working at Starbucks would be better.
But there might be another way. Dr. Christine Sinsky, an internist in Dubuque, Iowa, is looking for one. She has made it her mission to find ways to mitigate the drudgery of modern doctoring so that we can find joy in our work.
With funding from the American Board of Internal Medicine Foundation, she and four colleagues (including her physician husband) travelled the U.S. in search of practices that provide top-notch, effective primary care, while making the work satisfying for the doctors and other health professionals.
Sinsky and her team found 23 examples of innovative practices from coast to coast, and reported on them in both an academic journal and an in-depth white paper. The ultimate goal is a joyful transformation of medical practice. An epigraph in the journal article capture the challenge. A highly accomplished physician named Dr. Ben Crocker was so burned out in in 2007 that he lamented, "Working at Starbucks would be better."
Now, his practice at Massachusetts General Hospital employs health coaches to work with patients on making the lifestyle changes that doctors recommend but can't adequately teach or monitor. Virtual visits — by phone, email or video link — have replaced some in-person visits. Perhaps most incredibly, the practice offers staff downtime each week to come up with innovations.
Sign me up!
Certainly, the well-being of fellow doctors and the efficiency of our practices is of great import to us doctors. But what about patients? Do the ideas in the joyful practice templates translate?
"When you receive care from someone who enjoys their work, it's much better care," Sinsky tells me. "At a fundamental level, what patients want and what doctors want are very similar."
Sinsky offers examples of tedious tasks that take doctors away from providing undivided attention. No. 1 among them is data entry. Does your doctor type while you talk?
A category Sinsky calls "inbox management" — all the phone calls, emails, forms to sign and prescription refills — can take up to two-thirds of a physician's day.
"All of this inbox work can and should be handled by nonphysician personnel, freeing us up," she says. "So many mandatory tasks are crowding out the work of real doctoring. We're not living up to our best intentions for patients. Primary care can be the best of specialties."
Here's hoping the ideas on her list are the fast-spreading type.
Schumann is an internist and educator at the University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine in Tulsa, Okla. Follow him on Twitter: @glasshospital
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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Blog Listing
- @Number71
- Beauty In Ruins
- Best Fantasy Books HQ
- Bitten By Books
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- Bookworm Blues
- Charlotte's Library
- Civilian Reader
- Critical Mass
- Curated Fantasy Books
- Dark Wolf's Fantasy Reviews
- Everything is Nice
- Falcata Times
- Fantasy & SciFi Lovin' News & Reviews
- Fantasy Cafe
- Fantasy Literature
- Gold Not Glittering
- GoodKindles
- Grimdark Magazine
- Hellnotes
- io9
- Jabberwock
- Jeff VanderMeer
- King of the Nerds
- Layers of Thought
- Lynn's Book Blog
- Neth Space
- Novel Notions
- Omnivoracious
- Only The Best Science Fiction & Fantasy
- Pat's Fantasy Hotlist
- Pyr-O-Mania
- Realms Of My Mind
- Rob's Blog O' Stuff
- Rockstarlit Bookasylum
- SciFiChick.com
- Smorgasbord Fantasia
- Speculative Book Review
- Stainless Steel Droppings
- Tez Says
- The Antick Musings of G.B.H. Hornswoggler, Gent.
- The B&N Sci-Fi & Fantasy Blog
- The Bibliosanctum
- The Book Smugglers
- The Fantasy Hive
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- The Nocturnal Library
- The OF Blog
- The Qwillery
- The Speculative Scotsman
- The Vinciolo Journal
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- Thoughts Stained With Ink
- Tip the Wink
- Tor.com
- Val's Random Comments
- Voyager Books
- Walker of Worlds
- Whatever
- Whispers & Wonder
Blog Archive
- Throne of The Crescent Moon by Saladin Ahmed (Revi...
- Thoughts on Alain Robbe-Grillet's "Recollections o...
- "Blue Remembered Earth" by Alastair Reynolds (Revi...
- Dominion by C.S. Friedman (Reviewed by Mihir Wanchoo)
- "Stories from The Quiet War" by Paul McAuley (Revi...
- James Rollins News and Author Interview (By Mihir ...
- Shadow Ops: Control Point by Myke Cole (Reviewed b...
- 2011 BSFA Shortlist with Comments (by Liviu Suciu)
- "In the Mouth of the Whale" by Paul McAuley (Revie...
- Strata by Bradley P. Beaulieu and Stephen Gaskell ...
- Two More 2012 Upcoming Titles, Karen Thompson Walk...
- Blue Fall by B.B. Griffith (Reviewed by Mihir Wanc...
- Dead Eye: Pennies for the Ferryman & Dead Eye: The...
- "In the Lion's Mouth" by Michael Flynn (Reviewed b...
- On Some Recent Reviews (by Liviu Suciu)
- Thoughts on Two Series Ending Novels: "The Daemon ...
- "The Fiend and the Forge: Book Three of The Tapest...
- Prequel and Sequel Novella News (By Mihir Wanchoo)
- Mihir's Top Reads of 2011
- Imperium by Nicholas Olivo w/ Bonus review of Kram...
- BLOG TOUR: "Pantheons" by E.J. Dabel
- News about the Demon Cycle saga by Peter V. Brett ...
- A Quick Take on 3 Recent Orbit Books, Lilith Saint...
- Spotlight on January Books
- Happy New Year 2012!
Thoughts on Alain Robbe-Grillet's "Recollections of the Golden Triangle" and "Repetition" (by Liviu Suciu)
For this reason his novels while tending to assume the structure of thrillers and mysteries, are in effect quite close to speculative fiction and in a few cases I would argue that they are sff-nal by any reasonable definition.
While I have almost all of his novels that have been translated into English and a few like Regicide that are French only and I fully read some four as of now, I also read quite a lot from a few others and I plan to read carefully all his oeuvre as time goes. Here I will present the two most impressive (imho) of Alain Robbe-Grillet's novels I've finished so far.
"A provocative novel by the most influential living French writer, Recollections of the Golden Triangle is a tour de force: a literary thriller constructed of wildly diverse elements--fantasy and dream, erotic invention, and the stuff of popular fiction and movies taken to its farthest limits.
A secret door that is opened slightly by an electronic device, a beautiful hanged factory girl, a pale young aristocrat whose blood apparently nourishes his vampiric lover, the evil Dr. Morgan who conducts his experiments in "tertiary dream behavior," the beautiful and sinister women from the world of horror films, and the investigating police, who are not all what they seem to be, are just some of the ingredients of this intriguing new novel by the French master of the intellectual thriller, whose novels and films have effectively changed the way we can look at the "real" world today.
Recollections of the Golden Triangle challenges the reader to find his own meaning in its descriptions, clues, and contradictions, and to play detective by assembling the pieces of the fictional puzzle"
Recollections of the Golden Triangle is a haunting and visual book that just throws at you unforgettable imagery and quite a lot of scenes from the novel stuck with me for a long time. If you want a mind bender which is short but offers more than novels three times its size, this one is highly recommended. Try opening it and see if it mesmerizes you - the Amazon listing linked above too has a few pages excerpt and I grabbed a picture of the first two paragraphs of the book from there.
Repetition is on its face a classical Cold War thriller as the blurb above indicates, but in reality the action is so over the top and the imagery so haunting and outlandish that the book is as close to sff as it gets, while standing withing accepted historical facts. This is a superb novel but one that is not for everyone with its hallucinatory prose, uncertain and shifting identities and themes of incest, forbidden love, s&m, Lolita... all taking places in the ruins of Germany in 1949.
Everyone encountered is not quite whom he or she seems but the main characters - our "hero" HR aka Henri Robin aka many other names - his seeming double (identity and role to be revealed later), his "handler", the older German officer that is a target of assassination and the mysterious mother and daughter pair of the American zone in Berlin whose past and relationships with the main characters above is also slowly revealed give this novel its power in addition to the superb prose.
Highly recommended and another novel that needs to be read at least twice since early happenings change or deepen their sense after later revelations so the second reading will be quite different than the first. Also in a contrast with Recollections of the Golden Triangle and showing the author's literary range, this novel starts slower and then accelerates in the second part to end in a pretty decisive, no controversy about what's what, finale.
Order "Blue Remembered Earth" HERE
Read Three Chapters from Blue Remembered Earth HERE
Read FBC Review of "House of Suns" HERE
Read FBC Review of "Terminal World" HERE
INTRODUCTION: As my number one sf writer of the 00's, any novel or story by Alastair Reynolds is a must and based on the exciting blurb below, "Blue Remembered Earth" has been one of my highly anticipated novels of 2012. As I commented in this review of the recent Solaris SF anthology that featured a superb story by Mr. Reynolds, I really missed reading the usually "annual" novel from the author in 2011 as Terminal World has been published in early 2010 and Blue Remembered Earth showed me once again why...
"One hundred and fifty years from now, in a world where Africa is the dominant technological and economic power, and where crime, war, disease and poverty have been banished to history, Geoffrey Akinya wants only one thing: to be left in peace, so that he can continue his studies into the elephants of the Amboseli basin. But Geoffrey's family, the vast Akinya business empire, has other plans. After the death of Eunice, Geoffrey's grandmother, erstwhile space explorer and entrepreneur, something awkward has come to light on the Moon, and Geoffrey is tasked - well, blackmailed, really - to go up there and make sure the family's name stays suitably unblemished. But little does Geoffrey realise - or anyone else in the family, for that matter - what he's about to unravel. Eunice's ashes have already have been scattered in sight of Kilimanjaro. But the secrets she died with are about to come back out into the open, and they could change everything. Or shatter this near-utopia into shards .."
OVERVIEW/ANALYSIS: "Blue Remembered Earth" is arguably the author's least "technical" novel insofar as its world's society and technology are extrapolated from today's cutting edge stuff without anything really "exotic" and Mr. Reynolds talks a little about this in the Acknowledgements page of the novel.
However I found the book an excellent showcase for the author's major strengths, sprinkled with what I consider to be his occasional weaknesses and proving again why he is still the number one writer of "hard" sf today.
The world building is top notch, Africa as a major power comes off naturally and pitch perfect, the Aquatics, the Moon colonies, the Martians, the Mech, the AI phobia of the society and the dispute between the bio-first and the tech-first powers/corporations read also naturally and the novel's universe is both "alive" and a place where I can easily imagine myself living. As speculation about a mid 2100's Earth and nearby solar system, "Blue Remembered Earth" is simply unrivaled in recent sf and if only for that and the novel is a top 25 of mine.
There are some underwater scenes that are just unbelievable even if a little too short, but those few pages are also almost worth the novel by themselves, not to speak of the Moon stuff and the Martian one; lots of humor and the Pyhthagorean adventure - read the book to find out about it - just cracked me up laughing. Just read this paragraph where Geoffrey Akinya visits the Earth Aquatic states:
"He had no sooner formulated that idea than they were, startlingly, outside – crossing between one part of Tiamaat and another, with only the tube's glass between them and the crush of the surrounding water. They were crossing through a forest of night-lit towers, turreted and flanged and cupolaed, submarine skyscrapers pushing up from black depths, garlanded with myriad coloured lights. The buildings were cross-linked and buttressed by huge windowed arches, many stories high, and the whole city-district, as far as he could see, lay entwined in a bird's-nest tangle of water-filled tubes. He could, in fact, make out one or two tiny moving forms, far above and far below – swimmers carrying their own illumination, so that they became glowing corpuscles in some godlike arterial system."
"Blue Remembered Earth" is also a compulsive read that you do not want to put down and here is one place where Alastair Reynolds of 2012 shows his maturity as a writer, comparing with the amazing but fractured in style Revelation Space of 2000. The novel follows the two rebellious siblings, Geoffrey and Sunday Akinya, one who starts as an Elephant scientist on Earth and the other as an artist in the Moon "free zone" - where the complete Mech surveillance is banned by law - and when the narrative splits into two threads, the transitions are smooth and each storyline is compelling on its own.
The weaknesses noted in earlier novels - most notably the lack of major differentiation between Geoffrey and Sunday despite their different genders, the use of important secondary characters like Sunday's boyfriend Jitendra and Geoffrey's ex Jumai as props rather than real "live persons" and the mostly cartoonish villains Lucas and Hector Akinya, our heroes' cousins - appear too, but a few powerful secondary characters like old family retainer Memphis, "opposition" leader Arethusa, the (sfnal) "spirit" of deceased matriarch Eunice and others I leave you to discover, mitigate this and show again the growth of the author in literary skills.
The other niggle I had about "Blue Remembered Earth" was its thriller/quest structure that developed after maybe a third of the novel and which gave a feeling of "too long in parts" with some action sequences that could have been shortened for a stronger impact, while the "content" part - eg more about the Mech and the Gearheads or the Moon free zone for example, more backstory, more path evolution of the world - could have been lengthened for a higher ratio of content/action as befits a core-sf "sense of wonder" novel versus a "run of the mill" action thriller.
The book has a great ending which makes it a quasi-standalone, though of course I want to know what happens next in the Poseidon's Children series which "Blue Remembered Earth" (top 25 novel of mine) debuts so magnificently. If you want to understand why sf at its best is still the most interesting form of literature today, "Blue Remembered Earth" and the recently reviewed In the Mouth of the Whale are the places to go.
Official Paul J. McAuley Blog
Order Stories from the Quiet War HERE
Read FBC Review of "The Quiet War"
Read FBC Review of "Gardens of the Sun"
Read FBC Review of "In the Mouth of the Whale"
INTRODUCTION: I read this collection after the wonderful In the Mouth of the Whale - my top 2012 book so far and while it's very early, I am quite sure the novel will remain a top 10 as the year goes by - as I did not want to leave the superb universe of the author.
For some of the stories here, it was the 4th or 5th time I read them, some third, some second time and only Karyl's War which is newly published (hint: contains an Arab Spring reference) was for the first time; notable Quiet War milieu stories missing are Dead Men Walking and The Gardens of Saturn which are also awesome and there are 2 or 3 others excellent ones missing also (The Passenger, Assassination of Faustino Malarte...). Still for a very low price, these 5 stories offer a very good reading experience and I highly recommend them.
OVERVIEW/ANALYSIS: Stories from the Quiet War opens with a new introduction by the author explaining a bit the genesis of the milieu and of the novels, while also making the transition from the Solar System of their action, to the future and away of In the Mouth of the Whale.
Making History is the first QW story I have read in the awesome PS anthology "Futures" of 2000 and it hooked me on the milieu; this was my 4th or 5th read of this story and the first person narration of an aging history professor who is commissioned by the winning powers to write a biography of the most hated (or most heroic) leader of the Outers, the immediate post war desolation where the winners make the rules and the vanquished endure and a beautiful girl and a love stricken police commander/chief torturer were as fresh as on the first read.
Incomers is a more recent story and is set after the war in a habitat less touched by it, though its reverberations and suspicions still go on; good stuff too but less memorable than most of the rest.
Second Skin - one of several stories about the spies and saboteurs, the Earth Powers had sent in the first wave of the war before the conquest and while Dead Men Walking is the best such, this one is excellent too.
Reef - Outers science and tech on display and sense of wonder and speculations about the future; this story fits best with In the Mouth of the Whale and is another excellent one
Karyl's War - the odyssey of an Outer outsider who wants only to be left in peace to live his nomadic life, but as those memorable words say: "You may not be interested in war, but war is interested in you". More great world building and action as well as a cautionary tale for all seasons so to speak. When history is in the making, the individual becomes a statistic...
Overall - if you have not read the author's wonderful series that starts with The Quiet War, try these stories and see if they hook you as Making History did it 11 or so years ago for me...
Via SFSignal from which I grabbed the image above and then from Torque Control here are the 2011 shortlist nominees for the British SF Association best novel award. After a few comments, I will include the nominees in the other three categories below.
- Cyber Circus by Kim Lakin-Smith (Newcon Press) - Amazon link
- Embassytown by China Mieville (Macmillan) - FBC Rv
- The Islanders by Christopher Priest (Gollancz) - FBC Rv
- By Light Alone by Adam Roberts (Gollancz) - FBC Rv
- Osama by Lavie Tidhar (PS Publishing) -author site
COMMENTS: While smaller that its US analog Nebula, and not on the scale of the best sff award today - the British Arthur Clarke one - the BSFA awards are (imho) much more interesting and "respectable" than the often butt of jokes Nebula ones and I always take a look at them. This year the shortlist contains three major sf novels that have all made my top 25 list of 2011.
You can find more information and comments in the reviews linked above.
In addition, there is the provocative "Osama" from Lavie Tidhar (the author of the superb "Bookman Files" series from which the third installment The Great Game will be published soon and I plan to review it in early February, while the first two books have been reviewed HERE and HERE). I have a review copy of Osama and I will definitely take a look in the near future too.
Then for the last nominee, Cyber Circus by Kim Lakin-Smith, a book and author I have not heard of before - one of the beauties of these lists is bringing such to attention - but as it is available inexpensively as an ebook at the link above, I have just bought it and will take a look as the blurb is intriguing and the sample reads well.
Of the three major novels above, I would go with By Light Alone as my clear top choice and I give it 33% odds to win, though I would say the big favorite remains Embassytown. The Islanders is an extraordinary book in its way, but I would say it is the "most acquired taste" of the three.
As promised here are the rest of the nominees in the other 3 categories.
Best Short Fiction
The Silver Wind by Nina Allan (Interzone 233, TTA Press)
The Copenhagen Interpretation by Paul Cornell (Asimov's, July)
Afterbirth by Kameron Hurley (Kameron Hurley's own website)
Covehithe by China Mieville (The Guardian)
Of Dawn by Al Robertson (Interzone 235, TTA Press)
Best Non-Fiction
Out of This World: Science Fiction but not as we Know it by Mike Ashley (British Library)
The SF Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition ed. John Clute, Peter Nicholls and David Langford (website)
Review of Arslan by M J Engh, Abigail Nussbaum (Asking the Wrong Questions blog)
SF Mistressworks, ed. Ian Sales (website)
Pornokitsch, ed. Jared Shurin and Anne Perry (website)
The Unsilent Library: Essays on the Russell T. Davies Era of the New Doctor Who (Foundation Studies in Science Fiction), ed. Graham Sleight, Tony Keen and Simon Bradshaw (Science Fiction Foundation)
Best Art
Cover of Ian Whates's The Noise Revealed by Dominic Harman (Solaris)
Cover and illustrations of Patrick Ness's A Monster Calls by Jim Kay (Walker)
Cover of Lavie Tidhar's Osama by Pedro Marques (PS Publishing)
Cover of Liz Williams's A Glass of Shadow by Anne Sudworth (Newcon Press)
Official Paul J. McAuley Blog
Order "In the Mouth of the Whale" HERE
Read 12 Chapters from In the Mouth of the Whale
Read FBC Review of "The Quiet War"
Read FBC Review of "Gardens of the Sun"
Order Stories from the Quiet War HERE
INTRODUCTION: As I have read and hugely enjoyed almost all sff Paul McAuley has written to date as well as a few of his near future thrillers, In the Mouth of the Whale has been one of my most awaited novels of 2012. While events in the duology The Quiet War/Gardens Sun impinge a little, this novel takes place far away in time and space and it's a standalone which can be read independently.
One thing of caution: as the main points of the two above novels are retold here, In the Mouth of the Whale contains huge spoilers for the preceding duology, though to be honest the characters and world building are such a big part of the enjoyment of the author's novels, that storyline spoilers are ultimately not that important.
And of course I highly recommend you to try The Quiet War and the stories from its universe, part of which the author has recently released inexpensively HERE.
The author describes the novel much better than I can on his website and I will reproduce his "overview" below, while the first 12 chapters can be read at the link above. As Paul McAuley says (and on reading the book I feel this overview presents the book pitch perfect):
"After you die, what do you do for the rest of your life?
The posthuman Quick settled the system of the star Fomalhaut long ago, and created garden worldlets and thistledown cities in its vast dust ring. An empire that after centuries of peace fell to a second wave of settlers, the fierce and largely unmodified True People. And now the True are at war with interlopers from another interstellar colony, the Ghosts, for possession of Fomalhaut's gas giant planet, Cthuga.
In the damaged and perilous Amazonian rainforest, the precocious Child is being groomed for her predestined role. But control of her story is fraying, and although she is determined to find her own path into the future, others have different plans.
In the war-torn worldlets of Fomalhaut, a librarian, Isak and his assistant, the Horse, are harrowing hells, punishment for a failure they can never live down, when they are given a new mission. The Library of Worlds has been compromised by a deep, mysterious conspiracy; as Isak and the Horse attempt to unravel it, they're drawn into the final battle for Cthuga.
And aboard a vast scientific project floating in Cthuga's atmosphere, a Quick slave, Ori, is snared in the plans of an eccentric genius. As the Ghosts mount their final assault on Cthuga, she discovers that she hold the key that determines the outcome of the war.
Three lives. Three stories that slowly draw together. And at their intersection is the mystery at the heart of Cthuga. Something dangerous and powerful. Something that may not only shape the future of humanity, but may also give control over the shape of its past."
The transitions are handled very well as they make you want to read what comes next in that particular thread, but also what comes next in the upcoming thread and the book maintains this balance to the end. The style transitions well too, from the more serene and slower moving chapters where the unknown entity narrates, to the immediate saga of Isak, the Horse and later Prem, where Isak comes as the typical "naive do gooder but very likable" hero of sf, so you cheer for him, to the action packed, darker story of Ori and the Quicks.
Overall the first three quarters of the novel were the kind I really wanted to just go on and never finish, while also reminding me why sf is still the most interesting literature when done superbly like here; sense of wonder, great characters, and for once the (as genre sff goes of course) stylistic daring I mentioned above. The last quarter was all action and things converged well with a great ending.
A combination of real - space shoot outs, strange habitats with everything from primitive life forms, dangerous animals to post modern grifters - and virtual action - harrowing hells, immersive drone combat -memorable characters and world building involving human/posthuman clades, slavery and superb references ("wreckers", "the True"...) weave into a rich tapestry that contains hard sf - biology and physics with a sprinkle of math - sociology and politics as well as a deep sense of history and what evolution means, while the speculations about future technologies and future possibilities for humanity are very convincing.
I also want to emphasize the "realistic feeling" that the author's exquisite world building induced, without info-dumps or too much jargon. I will direct you to chapter eight, so #3 in Isak's narration for a great example of this, while I will quote a few paragraphs here:
"A steady spout of water poured from a notch in the fountain's bowl, feeding a stream that ran off along a channel cut in the lawn, rippling clear as glass over a bed of white and gold quartz pebbles. We followed it through a rank of cypresses and emerged at the edge of a short steep slope of loose rock and clumps of dry grass. The parkland I had glimpsed from the flitter stretched away beyond, a mosaic of dusty browns and reds enlivened here and there by vivid green stands of trees. The sky had taken on the dusky rose of sunset, and clumps of stones glowed like heated iron in the low and level light. Rounded hills rising on either side hid the margins of the platform: the parkland seemed to stretch away for ever, like the landscapes of sagas set on old Earth.
Lathi Singleton dismissed my praise of the illusion, saying that it was simple stagecraft. 'My interest is in the biome itself. The plants and animals, and the patterns and balances they make. This one is modelled on Africa. You have heard of Africa?'
'It's where we first became what we are, Majistra.'
'I once kept a species of early hominin in this biome. Australopithecus afarensis. The reconstructed genome is contained in the seedship library; it was easy to merge it with Quick templates. And of course we hunted the usual Quick variants as well. But those happy days are long gone,' Lathi Singleton said, and walked off down the slope, stepping quickly and lightly beside the stream, which dropped down the slope in a ladder of little rills and waterfalls and pools, its course lined with red and black mosses and delicate ferns as perfect as jewels.
It grew warmer as we descended, and by the time I caught up with Lathi Singleton, at the bottom of the slope, I was out of breath and sweating. The stream emptied into a wide pool of muddy water whose margins had been trampled by many kinds of feet. Scaly logs lay half in and half out of the water on the far side. When one yawned, its mouth two hinged spars longer than a man's arm and fringed with sharp teeth, I realised that they were a species of animal.
'They won't hurt you because they can't see you,' Lathi Singleton said. It was the first time I had seen her smile. 'None of the fauna can see or smell anyone unless I want them too. Come along. I've arranged a little picnic. We'll eat, and I'll tell you what I need you to do, and why.'"


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Vent Pipe - Double W, Galvanized, 46DVA-60
Vent Pipe - Double W, Galvanized, 46DVA-60
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Yesterday I had two uninterrupted hours to myself, bang in the middle of the day, a rare opportunity on a week day. I could have taken a much needed shower, cooked something more elaborate than serving up masoor dal, baked tilapia and aloo-gajar yet again or at least cooked something, anything. But did I do that ? No.
Instead I googled for "detox diet ayurveda 3 days". Don't ask me why. Maybe I overdid the Biryani that we got on Sunday and the body was sending toxic signals.At least I didn't ask for "detox diet in a packet". Ok hold on, let me google this. Guess what there IS a detox diet in a packet, what fun, packaged, processed and with all the chemicals.
But the ayurveda detox thingy is not easy. They don't do things fast, to do it the right way, you need 60 whole days, S-I-X-T-Y, who has that ? But they have a point, the body is like your child, no point hurrying it, it is best to go with the flow, to let things balance out gradually.
"A complete ayurvedic cleansing program includes 15 days of preparation and 45 days of actual cleansing. Ayurvedic healers recommend paying special attention to your diet during these two phases to avoid overtaxing your digestion and to enable purification to occur easily and completely. Maharishi Ayurveda does not recommend fasting or entirely liquid diets such as juices, because that may cause your digestive agni to become imbalanced."
Why Do You Need to Detox ?
According to Ayurveda, there are three different types of toxins that can impact the physiology: ama -- the waste product of incomplete digestion, amavisha -- the reactive form of ama i.e ama + other doshas and garvisha -- external toxins from the environment, exposure to chemicals etc..
Ayurveda recommends a program of internal cleansing at every change of seasons to clear the channels of the body of toxins that may have built up over the previous season. Detox is particularly recommended at the time when winter is phasing into spring.
The Detox Routine according to Ayurveda
The following is a general guideline of what to eat and to avoid during this phase.
To know more in details about the kind of fruits and vegetables that you can eat depending on your body type, check this Food Guidelines
Along with the diet you also need to follow a routine of sleep, exercise and massaging. And then there is the eating habit you need to follow, of never skipping a meal and eating slowly, chewing each morsel.
Basically "the Ayurveda Detox Diet is what your Mom has been telling you since you were six and you never listened until Google told you to".
But seriously what I like about the detox plan is the use of spices in cooking the vegetables.
"Ginger, turmeric, coriander, fennel and fenugreek help open up the channels of the body and support the flushing of toxins via the skin, urinary tract, colon and liver"
These were the main spices (along with Nigella seeds and mustard seeds) that were used in the everyday Bengali Food that my Ma made. She did not use garlic or onions much and neither does everyday home cooked Bangla meals call for that. Everyday Bengali food is light, subtly spiced, not much garlic, onion, red chili or cream and tends to retain the texture and taste of the vegetables. Ahh, if we could just add some fish to that detox diet, I could have sealed the deal
Main Reference: Ayurvedic Detox Diet -- Maharishi Ayurveda
Though I don't have the determination or resources to go on a sixty day detox diet right now and I need to use up the 20% discount coupons at the local restaurants, I decided to do my body some good by making and sipping the Detoxifying Tea throughout the day.
This is a very light and extremely easy to make tea. A big cup of this and small sips throughout the day will help you feel good about yourself and you will also get all the water. Just drinking this tea alone will do nothing to detox I am sure but here's to a better beginning.
Read more...
Detox Tea
Original Recipe
Bring to boil two quarts of water in the morning.
Add 1/4 t. whole cumin,
1/2 t. whole coriander,
1/2 t. whole fennel to the water and let steep for ten minutes with the lid on. I also added some fresh grated ginger and 3-4 Tulsi(Holy Basil) leaves.
Strain out the spices and pour the water into a thermos.
Sip throughout the day.
Disclaimer: I am not a Doctor. Biology was not even amongst my main 4 subjects in High School


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When my husband and I decided to buy our home, there were many features we fell in love with: The brick fireplace…the wooded yard…the built-ins.
But the one thing we couldn't get past was the bathroom countertops. Straight out of a 1982 home design magazine, the bathroom included countertops with 4-inch tiled squares. So far so good, right?
Did I mention the tiles were pink framed with brown wicker baskets festively filled with spring flowers?
If that wasn't bad enough, in what I can only guess was an attempt to naturalize the flowers, at one point one of the prior owners spray painted the counters white. Yes, you read that correctly: spray painted. The result was half white, half brown baskets of spring flowers adorning the bathroom counters.
It was not a hard decision that our bathroom was the first home improvement project we were tackling. For countertop materials there are a variety of options, but I knew immediately I wanted granite.
Choosing a Countertop Material
I always liked natural stone. I enjoy that no two countertops are alike. Those flecks of varying colors infused into the stone are just one of the things that drew me to granite – or, as I say, "Every ubatuba is different!" (Inside granite joke.)
I was told (and it was great advice) to go to the store and hand-pick my slab. Since colors vary, it is important to look at more than a sample piece. I had an idea of the color I wanted for my bathroom, but once I saw actual slabs in the sunlight, the amount of color variations was amazing. And paint colors in your kitchen or bath can pull out certain color veining that's embedded in the stone.
Benefits Of Granite
Aside from aesthetics there are several practical reasons to choose granite. Granite doesn't melt or blister when exposed to heat. But even though pots in the kitchen and curling irons in the bathrooms can be placed on the granite, I was told that due to the sealers, it is recommended to still use a trivet, hot plate, or towel before placing a hot item on a counter.
Granite scores a seven on the Mohs 10-point scale for hardness. Comparatively, a diamond is a 10, so granite is very difficult to scratch.
How Much Does Granite Cost?
Granite is more expensive than other countertop options. The Natural Stone Institute reports that the average price for a typical granite kitchen countertop is $3,000 to $4,000. Price is impacted by color, thickness of the slab, size of countertop, and shape, which takes into account cabinet bump outs, islands, and corners. You can also pick the type of edge you want, called the bullnose. Different styles cost more.
If you like how granite looks, but not what it costs, don't rule it out yet. There are a few ways to bring down the cost. A typical granite countertop slab is 3 centimeters thick, but it also comes in a lower cost 2-centimeter version. Granite can also be bought as tiles rather than a full slab to lower the price tag.
Related: 8 Easy and Affordable Ways to Upgrade Your Kitchen
Depending on where you live, you may have multiple options for suppliers. It's good practice to get a few quotes to compare. If you have a small project, some stores sell slab leftovers. Often greatly discounted, remnant pieces are a good option for small bathrooms or bar areas.
How To Install & Care For Granite Countertops
Installation can be tricky. The weight of granite makes this a multi-person job. Granite needs to be installed to the exact measurements of your cabinets. Since the countertop can't be measured until cabinets are installed, it can add time to the completion of a project.
After installation, granite should be sealed to help provide additional protection against staining and bacterial growth. Regular use gradually wears away at the sealant, which can leave your counters susceptible to stubborn stains. Granite should periodically be resealed every 2 to 4 years to help protect the finish.
It's important to clean and buff granite regularly to keep its glossy shine. You can also use soap and water for everyday clean ups. Steer clear of abrasive cleaners, acidic substances, or scratchy pads, all of which can wear away at the seal.
For additional protection, avoid placing oils, acidic foods, wet containers, or meats directly onto the granite.
How To Get The Right Insurance Coverage For Your Granite
You picked out every detail – like those granite countertops – to make your house feel like a home. At ERIE, we think your homeowners insurance should have that just-right feeling, too.
Better still, every ERIE policy comes with a friendly face right in your neighborhood. Contact your local Erie Insurance agent to get the conversation started.
A better insurance experience starts with ERIE.
Haven't heard of us? Erie Insurance started with humble beginnings in 1925 with a mission to emphasize customer service above all else. Though we've grown to reach the Fortune 500 list, we still haven't lost the human touch.
Contact Trent Insurance Agency today to experience the ERIE difference for yourself.


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With the inscription of nearly 1000 properties on the World Heritage List, including over 200 historic cities, the need to integrate a concern for sustainable development within the practice of the 1972 Convention has emerged strongly over the past decade. The aim of this expert meeting - as requested by the World Heritage Committee - is to contribute to the formulation of policies and procedures on how to mainstream sustainable development into the processes of the World Heritage Convention. This should be seen in the context of the larger initiative led by UNESCO to promote the role of culture for development, stemming from Resolution 65/166 of the UN General Assembly, entitled "Culture and Development", and contributing to the discussions leading to the UN Conference on Sustainable Development, also known as Rio + 20, that will take place in June 2012 in Rio de Janeiro.
The Ouro Preto Meeting is organized jointly by the World Heritage Centre and IPHAN, the Brazilian Agency in charge of cultural heritage conservation, and supported financially by the Brazilian authorities. It will be attended by experts from all regions of the world, as well as by representatives of the Advisory Bodies to the World Heritage Convention and NGOs involved in heritage conservation.