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It is common for schools and nurseries to have an artificial grass playground surface in Aldgate PE9 3 installed for use with many different activities.
We are able to lay this type of playground flooring in a choice of specifications to suit whatever you need. These could be designed for sport or simply for recreational use as a diverse play area.
The costs can vary depending on what type of surface you want so please contact our team to discuss your budget and receive a quote for this work.
All you need to do is fill in the contact form provided and we will respond right away.
Lots of local schools closest to you have started looking to install manufactured turf for their playground and surrounding areas. This is becoming more common because the school play area turf is a lot easier to maintain than natural grass.
This makes it perfect for school play areas. To find out more options for school playground surfaces, click here http://www.playareasafetysurfaces.co.uk/purpose/playground/rutland/aldgate/
The rainy weather conditions in the UK can make real grass damp and muddy, leaving them unsuitable for use. Synthetic turf doesn't get muddy and dangerous during wet weather.
This is because it is a porous floor which enables water to flow through it. For a synthetic play area surface this is important because the area shall be used regularly by children.
If you would like to find out how to install fake grass near me, please follow the steps below:
Prep works are always carried out by our installers prior to the installation an artificial carpet. This kind of work can include digging up the current surface and then setting up the base.
Synthetic surfacing has improved a lot in the past few years and many advancements have been produced. The artificial play surface is designed to replicate natural grass qualities, but with low maintenance requirements.
Another improvement to our synthetic grass specifications for areas is that this surfacing is now UV dependable so it retains its colour during exposure to sunlight.
Our natural looking, man-made turf comes in many different depths and colours. 15mm, 20mm, 24mm, 30mm as well as 40mm would be the depths of artificial grass, along with various tones of green.
Numerous specifications are offered to fit distinct needs and sporting requirements. If you have any specific sports or activities that you'd like the nearby facility to be utilised for, we will advise you on the best kind of carpet to suit these.
Different specifications shall be used depending upon the purpose of the turf. Obviously the spec of playground grass will not be the same as the specification for a sports facility.
For details on MUGA grass specs, please click here http://www.playareasafetysurfaces.co.uk/purpose/muga/rutland/aldgate/ MUGA facilities can be installed using a number of surface types, so it is a good idea to check out the different options available.
As local professional artificial turf contractors closest to you are required to fit the artificial turf playground surface to an expert finish. Our team of expert installers have completed many high quality projects for numerous clients including primary schools, secondary schools and nurseries.
We offer premium products and services in Aldgate PE9 3 to ensure you get the best possible result. It is recommended to carry out a range of background checks and look at customer referrals before choosing the company in order to be certain the entire process operates well without issues.
When it comes to leisure grass costs for play areas in Aldgate and surrounding areas, there are a number of factors which need to be considered. Things like the total area size, chosen turf specification and the location of the project all have an effect on the overall price.
Our team aim to offer the very best prices for synthetic grass for playgrounds. For more details on our company please click here http://www.playareasafetysurfaces.co.uk/rutland/aldgate/
We would be happy to talk to you about your budget and the type of surfacing you're looking for so we can offer an affordable quote.
we offer the best prices for artificial grass
GET IN TOUCH NOWIf you are looking to have synthetic turf for a sports pitch which requires specific playing qualities, this shall be priced differently to standard leisure grass for a recreational area or garden.
This would be because we supply different specifications of carpet to ensure that the surface is suitable for its purpose and will be long lasting.
Depending upon the design and specification you choose, these surfaces can be used all year round for many sports including football, rugby and hockey. They are also suitable for general outdoor play and can be incorporated into existing areas with equipment already installed.
Please get in touch with our expert team today, to discuss the costs of installing an artificial grass playground surface in Aldgate PE9 3 at your school and we'll gladly send you some further product details along with a great valuable quote for your project.


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Delivered by Holger Staude
June 2, 2009
Princeton University Class of 2009
Thank you, President Tilghman, for giving me the opportunity to speak to my classmates today. Transitions can be unpredictable. It can be difficult to leave behind the places and the people we know and daunting to think about what's coming next. So I can't help asking myself if today -- Commencement -- is a happy day.
Leaving FitzRandolph Gate is fundamentally an expedition into uncharted territory. And no, this one won't be like Outdoor Action, although graduation may feel to us like the beginning of a trip into the wilderness. Two years ago, a friend and I departed for a six-week hike across the uninhabited tundra of Iceland. We had prepared the hike for several months, developing maps, researching satellite images and entering waypoints into our handheld GPS units. And yet, many questions remained as we boarded the plane headed to Iceland's capital, Reykjavik. What if magnetic fields distorted the compass along the way? What if clouds and fog impaired the GPS units? What if geothermal activity had changed the location of rivers and streams?
Just like my friend and I prepared for Iceland, we have all, during the past four years, prepared for life beyond FitzRandolph Gate. Today, we may know how to calculate the duration of a five-year inflation protected treasury security; we may master the tactics we learned in that Woodrow Wilson School seminar on negotiation theory or the molecular simulation methods we studied for that unpassable chemical engineering final. And yet, with all that knowledge, a horde of challenges will inevitably beset the paths each of us commences now. Indeed, it will be difficult to leave what is so familiar to us today and put all that scholarship to the test tomorrow. So I have to ask again: Should today be a happy day?
Perhaps it shouldn't. After all, there are many things that we are going to miss about Princeton. All-nighters with friends at your side, waiting in line behind someone printing out 500 pages at a cluster the moment before your paper is due, delighting in the wondrous culinary offerings of our beloved Wawa, and certainly enjoying the fine, limitless and, most importantly, complimentary beverages at your favorite eating club on the Straβe [Street]. But for everything we leave behind, there is much that we take with us as we walk through FitzRandolph Gate.
The first, and perhaps the most important, is our ability and our willingness to ask questions. What we don't ask, we'll never know. Good answers are preceded by good questions, and sometimes conceiving the right questions is harder than arriving at the right answers. After four years at Princeton, we all know how to find a five-paragraph textbook answer to almost any question, just as my friend and I both knew how to read the compass for our trek across Iceland. However, in Iceland, knowing how to read the compass wasn't enough to find our way since the magnetic north -- the direction in which the compass points -- isn't necessarily equal to the true north -- the direction toward the geographic North Pole. The angle between the magnetic north and the geographic north varied as our journey through Iceland continued. As a result, my friend and I found it necessary to recalibrate the compass every day.
Just as finding true north requires constant calibration of the compass, finding "true happiness" may require periodic "calibration" of our inner compass to guide our interpretation of knowledge and our actions. Being inquisitive and capable of positing the right questions will take us a long way. If nothing else, our four years at Princeton have given us the courage to approach the world as a big question -- not only in our professional roles as academics, doctors, lawyers and -- God forbid -- investment bankers, but also in our private lives, as thoughtful individuals and citizens.
Let us not be afraid of asking the same question twice. Consider Albert Einstein's response to a student who pointed out that the questions on a final exam were exactly the same questions as those on last year's exam. "That's true," Einstein responded, "the questions are the same, but the answers this year are different."
The second thing I believe we should all take away from Princeton is a healthy dose of skepticism -- not cynicism or distrust, but a wary eye toward the assumptions underlying our everyday interactions and the status quo. Asking the right questions is only part of the job; we also have to make sure that the answers we receive are adequate. Let me provide an example. Until recently, the status quo in economics was to model people as rational economic agents who maximize their lifetime happiness subject to a set of resource constraints. Not too long ago, psychologists including Princeton professor Daniel Kahneman had the audacity to suggest that economic agents may not be rational after all. People may be prone to make mistakes in a manner that is systematic and predictable and yet is not accounted for in standard economic frameworks. This skepticism toward the "rational economic agent" has created the field of behavioral economics and has earned Kahneman (a psychologist by training) the Nobel Prize in economics. Behavioral research has led to a richer and more realistic understanding of the way in which we make decisions. For example, introducing a person's tendency to follow the herd into a model of security prices may help us understand the occurrence of stock market bubbles (obviously, we haven't yet figured out how to prevent them, but rest assured that we're working on it).
I believe that asking the right questions and being somewhat careful about the answers we receive will help us whether we're trying to make a case in the boardroom or at a nightclub. Our graduation today initiates a stream of social, intellectual and hopefully monetary dividends. While you may lose your job, your car, your house and everything you own, your ability to ask the questions and subject the answers to a healthy dose of skepticism is yours to keep for life.
My family's experience has, more than anything, impressed upon me that the acquisition of knowledge is a preserving pursuit. In 1980, my mother and father crossed the barrier of concrete and ideas that had been erected between East Germany and West Germany. They did so illegally, escaping from a restrictive life hindered by the ubiquitous infiltrations of the East German police state. They lived a life without freedom of political, intellectual and artistic expression. When my parents departed from their hometown in East Germany, they left everything behind: their family, their career, their home and their possessions. The one thing that they were able to hold on to was the training they had received at university. They carried that education in their minds as they travelled to the West on a circuitous journey that brought them to Frankfurt by way of the Congo River. It was academics that ultimately enabled them to find work as high-school teachers, and to find their own true north in western Germany.
So while there are many things we leave behind at Princeton, the things we get to take away should make today a happy day. But you might disagree. Indeed, if you're French you may say that "partir c'est mourir un peu" (to leave is like dying a little). That said, your farewell from this university need not be permanent. In fact, one of the great supporters of international students at Princeton, Shelby M.C. Davis, likes to say that life is lived in thirds: learn, earn and return. I agree with Mr. Davis, but I hope that the thirds of our life are not mutually exclusive. In fact, I believe that learning is a lifelong pursuit -- an endeavor that will guide us as we earn, in all respects, and give back to our broader society and to Old Nassau. And while it may take some time for most of us to return to the University financially (we are in a recession, after all), I know that all of us will return physically, as classmates and as friends. Congratulations to the great class of 2009.
Your true north is waiting.

subset: commoncrawl


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Do. 29.08.2019, 07:10 Uhr MESZ
Rasterkarte 72.4 W, 26.3 N (Zoomstufe 1 / Auflösung 5km)
Wird geladen
Satellitendaten: NOAA/GOES-16
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The Parkinson Pottery, or, more correctly, Richard Parkinson Ltd, was run by Richard and Susan Parkinson from 1952 to 1963 at Brabourne Lees near Ashford in Kent.
The company specialized in slip-cast figures and animals, and also domestic wares. Susan, who studied at the Royal College of Art, fashioned the models which usually featured black decoration on a white body.
After the closure of the company the moulds were bought by George Gray for Cinque Ports Pottery, but only certain items from the domestic range were re-used; it is believed that most of the moulds for the figures and animals were destroyed.
Further Reading: |
Susan Parkinson and the Richard Parkinson Pottery by Carol Cashmore and Tim Smith-Vincent |
The Potteries of Rye, 1793 onwards by Carol Cashmore |


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The Freshwater Crayfish of the Sydney Region
Robert McCormack is the Research and Aquaculture Director for Australian Aquatic Biological P/L. He is a Research Associate with the Carnegie Museum in Pittsburgh, USA, is Secretary of the Aqua Association Incorporated https://www.aqua.asn.au/ and the team leader of the privately funded Australian Crayfish Project, which conducts biological studies of every creek and stream in Australia, collecting and identifying crustaceans. Robert has a passion for freshwater crayfish traveling across Australia to find and photograph them.


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Vehicle Fitment
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Stormproof™ Black Custom Car Cover (CVC2SP95TV2001) by Coverking®. Without Side View Mirror Pockets. Stormproof Custom Car Cover is a unique, industry leading, multi-purpose cover that is both light weight and extremely durable. Manufactured to the exact specifications of your vehicle, this cover provides the best all around protection against extreme weather. Perfect for those living in the northwest region, this car cover also provides substantial protection against UV rays, snow, rain and other pollutants. On top of that, this fabric requires no coatings that wear off - it's characteristics are built-in. This cover can be used both indoors and outdoors.
Provides Substantial Protection
Highly water resistant and breathable fabric. Perfect for those living in the northwest region, this car cover also provides substantial protection against UV rays, snow, rain and other pollutants.
Extremely Durable
Car Cover is a unique, industry leading, multi-purpose cover that is both light weight and extremely durable.
Uncoated Fabric
This fabric is uncoated and untreated so that it will never fade even after years of intense exposure to the sun.
Custom Fit
Precise CAD design to ensure perfect fitment on specific make, model and year vehicle.
4-Year Warranty
Backed with 4-Year Warranty, the product will be replaced or repaired if it fails under normal use.
Made in the USA
Coverking builds the Stormproof™ custom car covers in the United States.
Materials. Taking into consideration the decades of experience, Coverking designs its own fabrics, because the car cover quality depends greatly on the properties of the fabric used. The world's leading textile mills handle the custom fabric manufacturing for Coverking, based on the research of Coverking's team of engineers, that specify the exact material composition and construction needed for each type of a car cover produced. All fabrics for outdoor car covers are breathable to avoid the "greenhouse" effect if any water will get under the cover. Coverking was the first to bring colored materials and two-tone designs, supplying the materials that withstand the effects of the sun and don't fade.
Pattern Fit and Design. Coverking does not save on material types used, spending approximately 30 yards of fabric on average car cover they produce. Other companies often use "chopped up" patterns to save around 20% of materials to the prejudice of style, resulting in "patchwork" look. Not to mention the fact that extra patches equal extra leakage risks. Coverking is proud to deliver all-custom look and experience and will never treat these values for a couple yards of fabric to save.
Production Technology. High quality of Coverking Custom Car Covers starts with CAD/CAM systems performing precise design and cutting to ensure that the ready product has least seams possible for true custom look. All seams are sewn overlapped, with double needle and heavy, wax-coated thread to ensure durable, leak-resistant seams that will serve you the longest lifetime possible. Double seams ensure durability, in case if the main seam will fail. Indoor Custom Car Covers feature "blind seam" technology that is ideal for indoor, show-car conditions. Neoprene elastic tensioners are sewn in the front and rear of every Coverking Custom Car Cover. Optional security kit features protected grommets, sewn in the sides and covered to be invisible when cover is on the car.
The Coverking® company was founded in 1986 in Southern California by an Industrial and Electrical Engineer, that previously worked in Aerospace Defense industry. Utilizing the latest CAD/CAM systems borrowed from Aerospace industry, the company managed to shorten the manufacturing process from nearly a month to nearly a single day. Since its launch, the company made a huge leap and has purchased several automotive companies later, some of which dated back to 1974. The company started with Dash Covers products and extended its products line with Custom Floor Mats, Custom Car Covers, Custom Seat Covers and Custom Sunshields. Growing production volumes did not change the company's main focus – creating high quality products that will serve their best to the customers and their vehicles.


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Although federal data show that fewer Medicare beneficiaries are dying in hospitals that doesn't mean they're getting a lot less medical care in their final days, new research suggests.
Even as deaths in acute-care hospitals declined between 2000 and 2009, the use of intensive care units in the final 30 days of life increased, as did short-term hospice use. The rate of changes to care for these patients, such as transfers within the last three days of life, also increased.
To gerontologist Joan Teno, the study's lead author, the increased use of hospice is encouraging but she worries about when seniors are referred to hospice care.
"While there is greater access to hospice services, there's also more ICU, more repeat hospitalizations, and more late transitions in the last three days of life," Teno said during an interview. "The good news is that we are referring to hospice. The bad news is we're referring to hospice in the last hours of life."
The findings appear in the latest issue of JAMA, the Journal of the American Medical Association.
Researchers from the Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University and elsewhere analyzed of Medicare claims data from a random sample of more than 800,000 seniors 66 years and older, who died in 2000, 2005 and 2009.
While a 2010 report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention had looked at where patients died, researchers in this study examined beneficiaries' medical claims during the last 180 days of life.
Hospice use at the time of death increased from nearly 22 percent in 2000 to 42 percent in 2009, the authors reported. But short stays of three days or less went from 22 to 28 percent. About 4 in 10 of those short stays came after time in a hospital ICU.
The increase in the number of short hospice stays following hospitalizations, suggest that aggressive care at the end of life is growing, Teno says. "We really need to improve our referral patterns to make sure that people are receiving the appropriate and timely access to palliative care services at the end of the life," she said.
Jon Radulovic, the vice president of communications of the nonprofit National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization, says the study adds to concerns about end-of-life care. "With the number of patients (in hospice) who die under seven days or less, it's questionable whether the patient and family caregivers are able to fully benefit from the unique services that hospice offers," he said.
With some provisions of the federal health law set to take effect in 2014, Teno sees an opportunity to hold institutions more accountable.
"The opportunity under health care reform is to really pay for quality and not pay for another day in the ICU," she said. "Our fee-for-service system has probably resulted in overutilization of care and really, what we want to do is get the right care at the right time, for the right person, at the right location. And we want to respect the patient's right to choose."
Copyright 2023 Kaiser Health News. To see more, visit Kaiser Health News.


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In Vitro Fertilization for Infertility
Treatment Overview
During in vitro fertilization (IVF), eggs and sperm are brought together in a laboratory glass dish to allow the sperm to fertilize an egg. With IVF, you can use any combination of your own eggs and sperm and donor eggs and sperm.
After IVF, one or more fertilized eggs are placed in the uterus.
Ovulation and egg retrieval. To prepare for an assisted reproductive procedure using your own eggs, you will require hormone treatment to control your egg production (ovulation). This is done to prevent unpredictable ovulation, which would make it necessary to cancel that in vitro attempt. This is typically done using one of two similar types of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRH agonist or GnRH antagonist). The following are two examples of how ovulation can be controlled:
- You first receive about 10 days of nasal or injected GnRH agonist that "shuts down" your pituitary. Next, you get daily ovary-stimulating hormone injections and are closely monitored for 2 weeks before egg retrieval. At home, you or your partner injects you with gonadotropin or follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) to make your ovaries produce multiple eggs (superovulation).
- You start treatment with FSH injections and then add the GnRH antagonist injection after about 5 days, which stops the production of luteinizing hormone (LH) within an hour or two.
After the first week, your doctor checks your blood estrogen levels and uses ultrasound to see whether eggs are maturing in the follicles. During the second week, your dosage may change based on test results. And you are monitored frequently with transvaginal ultrasound and blood tests. If follicles fully develop, you are given a human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection to stimulate the follicles to mature. The mature eggs are collected 34 to 36 hours later by needle aspiration guided by ultrasound. You will usually have pain medicine and sedation for this procedure.
Sperm collection. Sperm are collected by means of masturbation or by taking sperm from a testicle through a small incision. This procedure is done when a blockage prevents sperm from being ejaculated or when there is a problem with sperm development. Sperm may have been collected and frozen at an earlier time. Then the sperm are thawed on the day the eggs are collected.
Fertilization and embryo transfer. The eggs and sperm are placed in a glass dish and incubated with careful temperature, atmospheric, and infection control for 48 to 120 hours. About 2 to 5 days after fertilization, the best fertilized eggs are selected. One to three are placed in the uterus using a thin flexible tube (catheter) that is inserted through the cervix. Those remaining may be frozen (cryopreserved) for future attempts.
Pregnancy and birth. Any embryos that implant in the uterus may then result in pregnancy and birth of one or more infants.
What To Expect
Overall, in vitro fertilization (IVF)-related injections, monitoring, and procedures are emotionally and physically demanding of the female partner. Superovulation with hormones requires regular blood tests, daily injections (some of which are quite painful), frequent monitoring by your doctor, and harvesting of eggs.
These procedures are done on an outpatient basis and require only a short recovery time. You may have cramping during the procedure. You may be advised to avoid strenuous activities for the remainder of the day or to be on bed rest for a few days, depending on your condition and your doctor's recommendation.
Why It Is Done
In vitro fertilization may be a treatment option if:
- A woman's fallopian tubes are missing or blocked.
- A woman has severe endometriosis.
- A man has low sperm counts.
- Artificial or intrauterine insemination has not been successful.
- Unexplained infertility has continued for a long time. How long a couple chooses to wait is influenced by the female partner's age and other personal factors.
- A couple wants to test for inherited disorders before embryos are transferred.
IVF can be done even if a:
- Woman has had a tubal ligation reversal surgery that was not successful.
- Woman does not have fallopian tubes.
- Woman's fallopian tubes are blocked and can't be repaired.
IVF can be done using donor eggs for women who cannot produce their own eggs due to advanced age or other causes.
How Well It Works
The number of women who have babies after in vitro fertilization varies, depending on many different things. Almost all assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedures are done using IVF.
Age. Birth rates resulting from a single cycle of IVF using women's own eggs are about 30% to 40% for women age 34 and younger, then rates decrease steadily after age 35. footnote 1The aging of the egg supply has a powerful effect on the chances that an assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedure will result in pregnancy and a healthy baby.
Cause of infertility. Infertility can be caused by problems with the woman's or the man's reproductive system. Some of these causes can include problems with the fallopian tubes, with ovulation, or with the sperm.
Pregnancy history. A woman who has already had a live birth is more likely to have a successful ART procedure than a woman who hasn't given birth before. This "previous birth advantage" gradually narrows as women age from their early 30s to their 40s.
Own eggs versus donor eggs. Birth rates are affected by whether ART procedures use a woman's own eggs or donor eggs. Many women over age 40 choose to use donor eggs, which greatly improves their chances of giving birth to healthy babies. For each cycle of in vitro fertilization:footnote 1
- Using her own eggs, a woman's chances of having a live birth decline from over 40% in her late 20s, to 30% at about age 38, and to 10% by about age 43.
- Live birth rates are about the same among younger and older women using donor eggs. Women in their late 20s through mid-40s average about a 55% birth rate using fresh (not frozen) embryos.
Frozen embryos versus fresh embryos. Donor-frozen IVF embryos from a previous IVF cycle that are thawed and transferred to the uterus are less likely to result in a live birth than are donor-fresh (newly fertilized) IVF embryos.footnote 1 But frozen embryos are less expensive and less invasive for a woman, because superovulation and egg retrieval aren't needed.
In vitro fertilization (IVF) increases the risks of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and multiple pregnancy.
- Superovulation with hormone treatment can cause severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Your doctor can minimize the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome by closely monitoring your ovaries and hormone levels during treatment.
- The risk of conceiving a multiple pregnancy is directly related to the number of embryos transferred to a woman's uterus. Multiple pregnancies are high-risk for both the mother and the fetuses.
There may be a higher risk of birth defects for babies conceived by certain assisted reproductive techniques, such as IVF. Talk with your doctor about these possible risks.
Embryo transfer success versus the risk of multiple pregnancy
For a woman over age 35 to maximize her chances of conceiving with her own eggs and carrying a healthy pregnancy, she may choose to have more embryos transferred than a younger woman would. But this increases her risk of multiple pregnancy.
Because of the risks to the babies of multiple pregnancy, experts recommend limiting the number of embryos transferred. Your doctor will recommend a certain number of embryos to be transferred based on your age and specific situation.
Women over 40 have a high rate of embryo loss when using their own eggs. As an alternative, older women can choose to use more viable donor eggs. When a woman uses donor eggs, experts recommend using the donor's age to help figure out how many embryos to transfer.footnote 2
What To Think About
Smoking has a damaging effect on fertility and pregnancy. Smoking reduces the chance that IVF will work. Smoking can also affect the health of the fetus.
In vitro fertilization provides diagnostic information about fertilization and embryo development (which is not the case with a GIFT or ZIFT procedure).
Using ultrasound to help collect eggs from the woman's ovaries is less expensive, less risky, and less invasive than egg collection by laparoscopy.
In the United States, a cycle of in vitro fertilization costs approximately $10,000 to $15,000.
If you and your doctor are concerned about passing on a genetic disorder to your child, preimplantation genetic diagnosis might be available. Some genetic disorders can be identified with specialized testing before an embryo is transferred, increasing the chances of conceiving a healthy child.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, American Society for Reproductive Medicine, and Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (2010). 2010 Assisted Reproductive Technology National Summary Report. Available online: http://www.cdc.gov/art/ART2010/PDFs/ART_2010_National_Summary_Report.pdf.
- Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine and Practice Committee of the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (2013). Criteria for number of embryos to transfer: A committee opinion. Fertility and Sterility, 99(1): 44–46.
Current as of: May 29, 2019
Author: Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:Kathleen Romito, MD – Family Medicine & Adam Husney, MD – Family Medicine & Femi Olatunbosun, MB, FRCSC, FACOG – Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Endocrinology
Current as of: May 29, 2019
Author: Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:Kathleen Romito, MD – Family Medicine & Adam Husney, MD – Family Medicine & Femi Olatunbosun, MB, FRCSC, FACOG – Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Endocrinology
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Arranging a Mortgage
Arranging financing for your home can often be a confusing process, with many options to choose from. That's why it's important to talk to the experts. In this section CIR Realty brings you detailed information on home financing from TD Canada Trust. You'll find expert advice and the tools you need to make arranging a mortgage an easy and comfortable experience.
Making the Mortgage Decision
Arranging financing for your home can often be a confusing process, with many options to choose from. That's why it's important to talk to the experts. In this section CIR Realty brings you detailed information on home financing from TD Canada Trust. You'll find expert advice and the tools you need to make arranging a mortgage an easy and comfortable experience.
For a list of Mortgage Rates: Click Here http://www.tdcanadatrust.com/mortgages/numbers.jsp
To Apply for a mortgage with TD Canada Trust Click Here: https://www.tdcanadatrust.com/forms/ccapp_frame.jsp?product=MTGPRE
TD Canada Trust Mobile Mortgage Specialists
To speak directly with a mortgage expert, TD Canada Trust offers the convenience of Mobile Mortgage Specialists who will meet with you whenever and wherever it's convenient for you – days, evenings or weekends. They'll review a full range of home financing options with you, and help you select the best mortgage solution to meet your needs.
Locate a Mobile Mortgage Specialist [http://www.tdcanadatrust.com/products-services/banking/mortgages/specialist-index.jsp] in your area.
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Find Out What You Can Afford http://www.tdcanadatrust.com/mortgages/canafford.jsp
Not sure how much of a mortgage you may qualify for? Use our handy calculator to figure out how much you can really afford so that you can shop for your new home with confidence.
Financing and Pre-approval http://www.tdcanadatrust.com/mortgages/finance.jsp
Get pre approved for a mortgage before you shop to ease your financial uncertainties.
Making the Mortgage Decision
You've found the perfect home. Before you buy, it's important to make sure that you have a mortgage payment plan that works for you:
Choosing the Right Mortgage http://www.tdcanadatrust.com/mortgages/select.jsp
Choose the mortgage with the features that meet your needs and lifestyle.
Mortgage Lineup http://www.tdcanadatrust.com/mortgages/lineup.jsp
Review the selection of home financing options offered by TD Canada Trust to help you find the right mortgage option to meet your unique needs.
My Mortgage Selector http://calc.tdcanadatrust.com/MAT/Input
Not sure which mortgage is best for you? Your answers to a few simple questions will result in a mortgage recommendation that you can print and discuss in depth with a TD Canada Trust Mobile Mobile Mortgage Specialist in your neighbourhood.
Understanding the Right Mortgage Payment Plan for You
A Larger Down Payment Means Greater Savings http://www.tdcanadatrust.com/mortgages/downpayment.jsp
The size of a down payment can vary and generally ranges from 5% to 20% of the purchase price. When structuring your mortgage, keep this is mind to help save you money.
Mortgage Payment Calculator http://www.tdcanadatrust.com/mortgages/afford.html
Use this tool to calculate your potential mortgage payments and work out the mortgage payment plan that is right for you.
Finalizing Your Real Estate Purchase
Ensure that the home buying process comes to a successful close by taking advantage of these resources:
Completing the Paperwork http://www.tdcanadatrust.com/mortgages/arrange.jsp
Arriving prepared with all the documentation you need to secure your mortgage will make the process quick and easy!
Closing Costs http://www.tdcanadatrust.com/mortgages/closing.jsp
When buying a home there are legal and administrative fees and disbursements. Knowing what to expect can help you prepare a more accurate budget and lead to a more comfortable home-buying experience.
Protecting Yourself and Your New Investment http://www.tdcanadatrust.com/mortgages/mort_ins.jsp
Build convenient, affordable insurance coverage right into your mortgage.


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Congratulations Brain Trimpe!
Brain accomplished Outstanding Leadership
College Movers & Junk Hauling
Details of the Recognition
Waste and Recycling Workers Week would like to say "Thank you!" for the excellent leadership you've given for the men and women in the waste industry. Through your support we are able to reach new heights.


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polaris.gseis.ucla.edu/pagre/how-to-help.html [ucla.edu]
How to help someone use a computer.
Phil Agre
polaris.gseis.ucla.edu/pagre/ [ucla.edu]
Computer people are fine human beings, but they do a lot of harm in the ways they "help" other people with their computer problems. Now that we're trying to get everyone online, I thought it might be helpful to write down everything I've been taught about helping people use computers.
First you have to tell yourself some things:
Nobody is born knowing this stuff.
You've forgotten what it's like to be a beginner.
If it's not obvious to them, it's not obvious.
A computer is a means to an end. The person you're helping probably cares mostly about the end. This is reasonable.
Their knowledge of the computer is grounded in what they can do and see -- "when I do this, it does that". They need to develop a deeper understanding, but this can only happen slowly -- and not through abstract theory but through the real, concrete situations they encounter in their work.
Beginners face a language problem: they can't ask questions because they don't know what the words mean, they can't know what the words mean until they can successfully use the system, and they can't successfully use the system because they can't ask questions.
You are the voice of authority. Your words can wound.
Computers often present their users with textual messages, but the users often don't read them.
By the time they ask you for help, they've probably tried several things. As a result, their computer might be in a strange state. This is natural.
They might be afraid that you're going to blame them for the problem.
The best way to learn is through apprenticeship -- that is, by doing some real task together with someone who has a different set of skills.
Your primary goal is not to solve their problem. Your primary goal is to help them become one notch more capable of solving their problem on their own. So it's okay if they take notes.
Most user interfaces are terrible. When people make mistakes it's usually the fault of the interface. You've forgotten how many ways you've learned to adapt to bad interfaces.
Knowledge lives in communities, not individuals. A computer user who's part of a community of computer users will have an easier time than one who isn't.
Having convinced yourself of these things, you are more likely to follow some important rules:
Don't take the keyboard. Let them do all the typing, even if it's slower that way, and even if you have to point them to every key they need to type. That's the only way they're going to learn from the interaction.
Find out what they're really trying to do. Is there another way to go about it?
Maybe they can't tell you what they've done or what happened. In this case you can ask them what they are trying to do and say, "Show me how you do that".
Attend to the symbolism of the interaction. Try to squat down so your eyes are just below the level of theirs. When they're looking at the computer, look at the computer. When they're looking at you, look back at them.
When they do something wrong, don't say "no" or "that's wrong". They'll often respond by doing something else that's wrong. Instead, just tell them what to do and why.
Try not to ask yes-or-no questions. Nobody wants to look foolish, so their answer is likely to be a guess. "Did you attach to the file server?" will get you less information than "What did you do after you turned the computer on?".
Explain your thinking. Don't make it mysterious. If something is true, show them how they can see it's true. When you don't know, say "I don't know". When you're guessing, say "let's try ... because ...". Resist the temptation to appear all-knowing. Help them learn to think the problem through.
Be aware of how abstract your language is. "Get into the editor" is abstract and "press this key" is concrete. Don't say anything unless you intend for them to understand it. Keep adjusting your language downward towards concrete units until they start to get it, then slowly adjust back up towards greater abstraction so long as they're following you. When formulating a take-home lesson ("when it does this and that, you should try such-and-such"), check once again that you're using language of the right degree of abstraction for this user right now.
Tell them to really read the messages, such as errors, that the computer generates.
Whenever they start to blame themselves, respond by blaming the computer. Then keep on blaming the computer, no matter how many times it takes, in a calm, authoritative tone of voice. If you need to show off, show off your ability to criticize bad design. When they get nailed by a false assumption about the computer's behavior, tell them their assumption was reasonable. Tell *yourself* that it was reasonable.
Take a long-term view. Who do users in this community get help from? If you focus on building that person's skills, the skills will diffuse to everyone else.
Never do something for someone that they are capable of doing for themselves.
Don't say "it's in the manual". (You knew that.)
(This article is adapted from The Network Observer. Copyright 1996 by Phil Agre.)
""Be who you are and say what you feel, because those who mind don't matter, and those who matter don't mind."" by Dr. Seuss.


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There are certain times in my life when I feel like I need to break free. Free from the usual. Beak away from what I do everyday. Don't get me wrong – I love my life – especially where I am today. I have everything I could desire and am happy – right down to the core. I am a Gemini you see, and every now and then my terrible twin comes out of the hiding and asks "What if …?"
And leaves me wondering. Sometimes I get so contemplative about that what if that I get lost in a make believe world and it can take days for me to come out.
This weekend when I was in Frankfurt watching A-HA in concert and enjoying every moment of it, I came away wistful and contemplating that "What if" seriously. See I saw A-HA for the first time at 15. I was the typical teenage fan, screaming and swooning over Morten Harket. Today I am 37 and after over 20 years I came away thinking "you've come a long way true but what if I took another path in life. Where would I be?"
As my girlfriends and I waited with glasses of champagne in our hands, for Mags, Morten and Pal to come on stage I looked out into the hall and realized there weren't any screaming teenagers there but those teenagers had grown up and were all sitting here. Some had streaks of gray in there once dark hair, others fine lines under there once gleaming eyes. Which path did they take? Are they all that they wanted to be?
Finally when Morten, Mags and Pal came out and began the concert with "The Sun Always Shines on TV" I remembered the exact moment the first time I heard the song so many years ago and could not help but smile. Morten's crystal clear and husky voice still gave me those goosebumps – but this time the goosebumps were intermingled with years of experience and memories. I think I experienced this concert so much more intensively - with all my senses.
I am a bit of a wild one – always have been. I've learned how to tame it as I've gotten older but it's very much a prominent streak in my character. Those who are my friends love me for it while those who are not hate me for it. It's gotten me into trouble a few times but mostly it's made me break loose from the conventional. While I do watch my decorum, I do not hesitate to do the unexpected. We live only once and if shouting "Morten I love!" at the age of 37 and getting the whole hall to cheer and clap was what I thought was cool I did it. After all in return he did say "Thanks, love you too!"
I spent most of Sunday thinking of my past and asking myself "So, would you do it all over again?"
I'd probably change a few things – do a few things I never got a chance to do and not do other things I did - but would want the same results. I'd want to be exactly here where I am today. With Tom and Soeren. And with Morten and the songs from A-HA escorting me through it all.
This focaccia is perfect for the daydreamers in us. Yeasty dough dimpled with sweet mirabelle plums and laced with a lemon and poppy seed butter – a heavenly combination.
Dimpled Mirabelle Plum Focaccia with Lemon Poppy Seed Butter
Printable version of recipe here.
For the dough
400g + more flour
25g fresh yeast
200ml milk, luke warm
60g sugar
2 eggs
50g butter
pinch of salt
For the focaccia topping
500g mirabelle plums, washed, pitted and cut in half
10g poppy seeds, dry roasted
50g sugar
100g butter
zest and juice from one lemon
icing sugar (optional)Method
For the dough
- Prepare the dough by dissolving the yeast in the milk, then add flour, sugar, eggs, butter and a pinch of salt and knead with the kneading hooks of your machine. The dough should be smooth and silky. Cover with a damp cloth and allow to rise in a warm dry place - approx. 40 minutes.
- Preheat the oven to 200 degrees C. and prepare a baking tray by lining it with some baking paper.
- Once the dough has risen using floured fingers spread the dough out to the edges of the baking tray. Cover and allow to rest for another 20 minutes.
- Using your thumb dimple the dough side by side making cavities for the mirabelle plums and the lemon poppy seed butter.
For the focaccia topping
- Whisk together sugar and butter with an electric whisk until the mixture is smooth, creamy and pale in color. Add the roasted poppy seeds, lemon zest and juice and incorporate into the creamy mixture.
- Fill the buttercream in a pastry bag with a plain tip.
- Place a mirabelle plum half in the first dimple then squirt some of the buttercream into the next dimple. Do this switching alternatively from plum to buttercream until all the dimples are filled.
- Bake in the oven, second rack from bottom, for approx. 20 to 25 minutes. The top of the focaccia should be lovely and golden.
- Allow to cool then if using the icing sugar dust with the sugar.
This was truly exquisite. The pure aroma of the yeast focaccia intermingled with the fruity mirabelle and lemon poppy seed was just bliss. But the bite into the soft and chewy sweet focaccia was just heaven. Soeren was in love with it - it was his hit & run cake. What I mean by that is while he's out playing with the kids he'll quickly come in hit on a piece and run off with it. Tom too actually cut up a huge slice and hid it away from Soeren it was fairly hilarious watching them.
This focaccia is a simple lazy Sunday afternoon kind of treat. Enjoyed with tea or coffee and the hot tunes from A-HA it honestly satisfies to the core.
Monthly Mingle Reminder
I would like to invite you all to a fantastic party this mingle. Come and join me for a grand Brunch.
Make your favorite brunch recipes and bring send your creations to me by November 16th.
See you there!
European Food Blogger Connect Update
Circle November 28th in your calendars. That's when the first European Food Bloggers Connect is taking place in London. We're all excited at the fantastic response so far. Foodies from all over the world will be flying in to join this great event. What's more a few brilliant presentations by a selection of talented bloggers are planned for this event. Yes and I am going to have the honor of speaking on the topic of basic food photography and food styling. I'll need all the support I can get so hope you'll all be there. Check out the updated Food Blogger Connect flyer for more information on speakers and presentations.
You might like these from WFLH:
Apricot Olive Oil Tea Cakes | Fig Plum Sheet Cake | Fruit Cake |
Daily Tiffin Reading Tip:
Vegetarian Pyramid Series - Seitan written by Dhivya
All photographs and written content on What's For Lunch, Honey? © 2006-2009 Meeta Khurana unless otherwise indicated. | All rights reserved | Please Ask First


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HP 600GB 10000RPM SAS 6G 2.5-inch DP Enterprise Hard Drive. HDD size: 2.5", HDD capacity: 600 GB, HDD speed: 10000 RPM
Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) provides a superior storage solution. With some storage requirements escalating and others becoming more complex, factors such as flexibility, performance, increased reliability, greater density, security, scalability and accessibility are more critical than ever. Today's organizations consist of different kinds of environments. Enterprise data centers must be online almost 24X7, fulfill requests from numerous users simultaneously, and allow for constant growth and expansion while in operation. Other customer environments require high capacity storage and high data availability for low I/O environments. HP's portfolio of SAS drives meets all these demands.


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Car Insurance FAQs #4
The appraiser who took care of my claim said I would be responsible for paying the deductible. What is a deductible?
A deductible is the portion of a claim you agreed to pay when you purchased your insurance policy. The deductible could be applied each time you have a claim on your auto policy.
How do I decide the amount of my deductible?


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Free UK Delivery on Orders over £50
Tel: 01538 266718 | Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
£7.33 (Inc VAT) each
Flat and spiral hose 3/4'' BSP adaptor.
Quality Delivery
Satisfactory delivery is a crucial part of the service offered by Countrystore, and we aim to provide an efficient, professional and punctual delivery schedule for all our customers.
*UK Mainland Delivery Charges
Countrystore offers FREE standard delivery on orders exceeding £50.00 (inc. VAT)** to mainland England, Wales and Southern Scotland. Orders under £50.00 (inc. VAT) are subject to a delivery charge of £3.95 (inc. VAT)
**Delivery Surcharges
All orders to be delivered to the following Northern Scotland postcodes will incur an additional delivery surcharge of £7.99 (inc. VAT)
These charges are added to your order automatically if your order falls under these categories.
*UK Mainland Delivery ONLY
Please give us a call on 01538 266718 to discuss postage costs outside mainland UK.
Please Note:
If you choose to purchase a product for forward delivery to an address outside our delivery area; should the item require any kind of repair or replacement, we will only collect the product from the UK delivery address.
If you are paying via American Express we can only deliver to the card holder's address. We will contact you in the event of an order being placed to a different address to advise of these terms.
Delivery Schedule
Items in stock are normally despatched within 24 hours on a 3-5 working day carrier service. Our customer service department will contact you if we foresee any delays beyond this, with the option to cancel or change your order. You will be notified by e-mail when your order is despatched, this e-mail will include your order consignment number and carrier contact details. Please note we cannot be held responsible for any orders delayed in the carrier service as this is simply beyond our control. All orders need to be signed for and cannot be left without a signature.
Please note that if you order several items together and one is out of stock this will delay the whole order from a next day delivery to the longest lead time on the order. We do not part ship.
Important Notice
If parcels are damaged or items are missing you should either refuse the delivery completely or sign for the parcels as being 'DAMAGED' If the number of parcels do not match or correspond to the consignment note, this must be stated as 'SHORT DELIVERY' It is your responsibility to ensure that the actions above are followed BEFORE SIGNING. Mistakes cannot be rectified once the number of packages has been signed for. All carriers' related damages and discrepancies must be reported to us within 2 working days. We will not be responsible for any carrier-related damage or loss reported outside of this 2-day period.


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This page is for planning Carver 2.0.
Please, do not delete text (ideas) here. Use something like this:
<s>bad idea</s>
:: good idea
This will look like:
bad idea
good idea
There is a proof-of-concept open-source solution available: Multimedia File Carver which focuses currently on the recovery of fragmented multimedia files (movies) or fragmented JPEG files (experimental). The following features have already been implemented:
- Multi-Platform support (Linux and Windows)
- Graphical User Interface (PySide)
- Backend in C (performance critical); GUI in Python
- Support for Multi-Processing during the classification phase
- Support for Multi-Processing during the reassembly phase (ffmpeg)
- Support for The Sleuth Kit (TSK) to identify unallocated blocks
Joachim library based validators could require other licenses
Make the other libraries plug-able. If you them, you use them. Simsong
Shouldn't this just match what the underlying afflib & sleuthkit cover? RB
Yes, but you need to test and validate on each. Question: Do we want toCARBON 2008 (UTC)
Joachim I think we would do wise to design with windows support from the start this will improve the platform independence from the start
Agreed; I would even settle at first for being able to run against Cygwin. Note that I don't even own or use a copy of Windows, but the vast majority of forensic investigators do. RB 14:01, 31 October 2008 (UTC)
Rob J Meijer Leaning heavily on the autotools might be the way to go. I do however feel that support requirements for windows would not be essential. Being able to run from a virtual machine with the main storage mounted over cifs should however be tested and if possible tuned extensively.
Joachim You'll need more than autotools to do native Windows support i.e. file access, UTF-16 support, wrap someCARBON basic system functions or have them available otherwise
Rob J Meijer That´s exactly my point, windows support as in being able to build and run on windows natively is much more trouble than its worth. Better make for a lean and mean autotools based build with little dependencies and no or little recursion, and better spent effort on a lean POLA design on POSIX based systems than on supporting building and running on non POSIX systems.
Name tooling
- Joachim A name for the tooling I propose coldcut
How about 'butcher'? ;) RB 14:20, 31 October 2008 (UTC)
Joachim cleaver ( scalpel on steroids ;-) )
- I would like to propose Gouge or Chisel :-) Rob J Meijer
Joachim Could we do a MoSCoW evaluation of these.
- AFF and EWF file images supported from scratch. (Joachim I would like to have raw/split raw and device access as well)
If we base our image i/o on afflib, we get all three with one interface. RB Instead of letting the tools use afflib, better to write an afflib module for carvfs, and update the libewf module. The tool could than be oblivious of the file format. Rob J Meijer
Simsong 06:29, 3 November 2008 (UTC) The problem with using carvfs is that this adds another dependency. Do you really want to require that people install carvfs in order to run the carver? What about having the thing ported to Windows?
Rob J Meijer I would support adding one build dependency (libcarvpath) and removing two (libewf/libaff) by moving them to a layer more suited for them (carvfs) that would possibly allow some form of file handle (as cap) based POLA design. I am a proponent of making small things that do one and do one thing right, and to stack those to do what you need. In my view that would lead ideally to the following (simplified) chain:
- recursive computer forensics framework
- The-(pola-based)-carving-tool
- The-carving-lib working on open fd's.
- libcarvpath
- carvfs (Over cifs/nfs-v4 on platforms that don't support Fuse).
- libewf
- libaff
- AppArmor (on supporting platforms)
- suid (on supporting platforms)
- iptables/ipfw (on supporting platforms)
As fow windows support, I would imagine making carvfs run over smb would come a long way, that is for as far as windows support is all that relevant.
There are two advantages to using libcarvpath and carvfs instead of libaff/libewf t this layer:
- storage requirements for doing carving. Beyond what sleuthkit or alternatives provide I have seen many situations where carving was not done due to storage limitations.
- File handles are like object capabilities. You can often do pretty simple POLA based implementations using file handles and something like AppArmor. POLA could IMHO be a strong weapon against the more nasty forms of anti forensics.
Next to this, I would consider making different tools for different stages instead of one semi recursive one, and looking at how to integrate these tools into existing frameworks (ocfa/pyflag).
Keep things simple but rigid and try to easily integrate things into existing frameworks as effectively as possible I would suggest.
Please note, I am not ptoposing the lib/tool should be useless without libcarvpath, only that usage without carvfs should limit the
supported image formats to raw images, and that libewf/libaff should be abstracted at the Fuse level or below and not at the tool level.
Joachim do you have an idea what the performance impact of this approach would be? It might be wise to do a proof of concept for this approach first.
Rob J Meijer It would I think depend greatly on behavior of the carving lib/tool. Small 512 byte reads are relatively very expensive, 128kb reads have negligible impact. There are some numbers from ntfs-3g that might be relevant. More relevant than performance might be library footprint. For example, using OCFA, we often would want to keep e few hundred images that total to tens of TB of projected storage size fuse mounted. If libewf/libaff have a big combined memory footprint in such cases, this can be a major issue for this approach.
Joachim this layer should support multi threaded decompression of compressed image types, this speeds up IO
- Joachim volume/partition aware layer (what about carving unpartioned space)
- File system aware layer. This could be or make use of tsk-cp.
- By default, files are not carved. (clarify: only identified? RB; I guess that it operates like Selective file dumper .FUF. Alternatively, the tool could use libcarvpath and output carvpaths or create a directory with symlinks to carvpaths that point into a carvfs mountpoint Rob J Meijer.
- Plug-in architecture for identification/validation.
- Joachim support for multiple types
of validators
- dedicated validator
- validator based on file library (i.e. we could specify/implement a file structure API for these)
- configuration based validator (Can handle config files,like Revit07, to enter different file formats used by the carver.)
Joachim Moderator: Could we limit the requirements for prototype version 1 of the tool to get a working version up and running ASAP? And keep discussing future options?
I think the following set will be large enough to handle: Input facilities
- IO support (AFF, device, EWF, RAW and split RAW)
Abstraction of input format and multi threaded decompression (spin-off code out of afflib?)
- Volume/Partitions support
at least for DOS based layout and GPT (spin-off code out of TSK/Photorec?)
- File system support
VFAT/NTFS (spin-off code out of TSK/Photorec?)
Carving facilities
- File format support using plug-able validator model (use dedicated validators Photorec/Scarve and/or wrap revit07 file format as validator?)
- Content support using plug-able validator model (to handle text/mbox base64)
- File system carving support (to handle file system fragments, could be linked to file system support layer?)
- Basic fragment handling
Output facilities
- audit/analysis/debug log
- extraction of result files
Supported File Formats
Ship with validators for
Joachim I think we should distinguish between file format validators and content validators
- Grapical Images
- JPEG (the 3 different types with JFIF/EXIF support)
Joachim How different is JPEG 2000?
Office documents
- Microsoft Office 97 - 2003 OLE Compound File format based with Word Document (doc) and Excel Spreadsheet (xls) file format support
- Open Office and Microsoft Office 2007 ZIP archive based file formats
Extension validation? AFAIK, MS Office 2007 Word Document (docx) format uses plain ZIP (or not?), and carved files will (or not?) have .zip extension instead of DOCX. Is there any way to fix this (may be using the file list in zip)? .FUF
Joachim Addition: Office 2007 also has a binary file format which is also a ZIP-ed data Excel Spreadsheet (xlsb)
- Archive files
- ZIP archive file format
- 7z
- tar, gzip, bzip2
- E-mail files
- Personal Folder File (PAB, PST, OST)
- MBOX (text based format, base64 content support)
- Audio/Video files
- QuickTime
- Printer spool files
- EMF (if I remember correctly)
- Internet history files
- index.dat
- firefox (sqllite 3)
- Other files
- thumbs.db which also is an OLE Compound File based format
- pagefile?
Carving Strategies
Joachim Note to moderator could this section be merged with the carving algorithm section?
- Simple fragment recovery carving using gap carving.
- Joachim have hook in for more advanced fragment recovery?
- Recovering of individual ZIP sections and JPEG icons that are not sector aligned.
- Joachim I would propose a generic fragment detection and recovery
- Autonomous operation (some mode of operation should be completely non-interactive, requiring no human intervention to complete RB)
- Joachim as much as possible, but allow to be overwritten by user
- Joachim When the tool output files the filenames should contain the offset in the input data (in hexadecimal?)
Mark Stam: I really like the fact carved files are named after the physical or logical sector in which the file is found (photorec)
Joachim This naming schema might cause duplicate name problem for extracting embedded files and extracting files from non sector aligned file systems.
- Joachim Should the tool allow to export embedded files?
- Joachim Should the tool allow to export fragments separately?
- Mark Stam: I personally use photorec often for carving files in the whole volume (not only unallocated clusters), so I can store information about all potential interesting files in MySQL
Joachim interesting, Bas Kloet and me have been discussing to use information about allocated files in the recovery process, i.e. recovered fragments could be part of allocated files. Do we want to be able to extract them? Or could we rebuild the file from the fragments and the allocated files.
- Mark Stam: It would also be nice if the files can be hashed immediately (MD5) so looking for them in other tools (for example Encase) is a snap
Performance Requirements
- Tested on 500GB-sized images. Should be able to carve a 500GB image in roughly 50% longer than it takes to read the image.
- Perhaps allocate a percentage budget per-validator (i.e. each validator adds N% to the carving time) RB
- Joachim have multiple carving phases for precision/speed trade off?
- Parallelizable
- Joachim tunable for different architectures
- Configuration:
- Capability to parse some existing carvers' configuration files, either on-the-fly or as a one-way converter.
- Disengage internal configuration structure from configuration files, create parsers that present the expected structure
- Joachim The validator should deal with the file structure the carving algorithm should not know anything about the file structure (as in revit07 design)
- Either extend Scalpel/Foremost syntaxes for extended features or use a tertiary syntax (Joachim I would prefer a derivative of the revit07 configuration syntax which already has encountered some problems of dealing with defining file structure in a configuration file)
- Can output audit.txt file.
- Joachim Can output database with offset analysis values i.e. for visualization tooling
- Joachim Can output debug log for debugging the algorithm/validation
- Easy integration into ascription software.
Joachim I'm no native speaker what do you mean with "ascription software"?
I think this was another non-native requesting easy scriptability. RB 14:20, 31 October 2008 (UTC)
Joachim that makes sense ;-)
Incorrect. Ascription software is software that determines who the owner of a file is. Simsong 06:36, 3 November 2008 (UTC)
- Use as much TSK if possible. Don't carry your own FS implementation the way photorec does.
Joachim using TSK as much as possible would not allow to add your own file system support (i.e. mobile phones, memory structures, cap files) I would propose wrapping TSK and using it as much as possible but allow to integrate own FS implementations.
Rob J Meijer I'm currently working on wrapping TSK filesystem as several loadable modules for OCFA. In OCFA a loadable (tree-graph) module implements the OCFA tree-graph API that basically states 'everything is a tree-graph node'. Possibly you could look at the OCFA treegraph API and module loading interface as an example, or we could work together on changing the API and module loading interface in such a way that it doesn't break OCFA and is usefull for the stand alone carver, but allowing both to use exactly the same tree-graph loadable modules.
- Extracting/carving data from Thumbs.db? I've used foremost for it with some success. Vinetto has some critical bugs :( .FUF
- Extracting/carving executable binaries, dlls etc. Volatility, JE.
Recursive Carving
Joachim do we want to support (let's call it) 'recursive in file carving' (for now) this is different from embedded files because there is a file system structure in the file and not just another file structure
- Is it just me, or do a lot of the above (and below) ideas somewhat skirt around the fact that many of us want recursive carving? Can we bend back to that instead of discussing object particulars? I think this can be distilled down to three requirements:
- Simple recursion: once an object is identified, have the ability to re-carve it for internal structures
- Directed recursion: the carver should be able to be directed at arbitrary blobs and told to carve it as a specified type. This allows programmatically more simple methods of dealing with unidentifiably compressed or encrypted data. Or filesystem fragments.
- Export: the ability to export an object (recognized or not) for later or external "recursion". Should go without saying for a carver, but...
--RB 18:45, 2 November 2008 (UTC)
Simsong 06:30, 3 November 2008 (UTC) pyflag already does recursive carving. Are we just going to reimplement pyflag as a single executable?
Joachim that could be useful ;-)
Library Dependencies
Rob J Meijer :
- Use libcarvpath whenever possible and by default to avoid high storage requirements.
Joachim For easy deployment I would not opt for making an integral part of the tool solely dependant on a single external library or the library must be integrated in the package
Rob J Meijer Integrating libraries (libtsk,libaff.libewf,libcarvpath etc) is bad practice, autotools are your friend IMO.
Joachim I'm not talking about integrating (shared) libraries. I'm talking about that an integral part of a tool should be part of it's package. Why can't the tool package contain shared or static libraries for local use? A far worse thing to do is to have a large set of dependencies and making the tool difficult to install for most users. The tool package should contain the most necessary code. afflib/libewf support could be detected by the autotools a neat separation of functionality.
From a packager's standpoint, Joachim's other libraries do a really good job of this, carrying around what they need but using a system-global version if available. RB
- libtsk
- libaff ? : possibly the discussion in the requirements section should move to his section.
- libewf ? : possibly the discussion in the requirements section should move to his section.
- posix ? : Can we depend especially on the availability of UNIX domain sockets and the possibility to use msg_accrights for passing opn file handles as ocaps?
Filesystem Detection
- Dont stop with filesystem detection after the first match. Often if a partition is reused with a new FS and is not all that full yet, much of the old FS can still be valid. I have seen this with ext2/fat. The fact that you have identified a valid FS on a partition doesn't mean there isn't an(almost) valid second FS that would yield additional files. Identifying doubly allocated space might in some cases also be relevant.
Joachim What your saying is that dealing with file system fragments should be part of the carving algorithm
- Allow use where filesystem based carving is done by other tool, and the tool is used as second stage on (sets of) unallocated block (pseudo) files and/or non FS partition (pseudo) files.
Joachim I would not opt for this. The tool would be dependent on other tools and their data format, which makes the tool difficult to maintain. I would opt to integrate the functionality of having multiple recovery phases (stages) and allow the tooling to run the phases after one and other or separately.
Rob J Meijer More generically, I feel a way should exist to communicate the 'left overs' a previous (non open, for example LE-only) tool left.
Joachim I guess if the tool is designed to handle multiple phases it should store its data somewhere. So it should be possible to convert results of such non open tooling to the format required. However I would opt to design the recovery functionality of these non-open tools into open tools. And not to limit ourselves making translators due to the design of these non-open tools.
- Ability to be used as a library instead of a tool. Ability to access metadata true library, and thus the ability to set metadata from the carving modules. This would be extremely usefull for integrating the project into a computer forensics framework .
Joachim I guess most of the code could be integrated into libraries, but I would not opt integrating tool functionality into a library
- Mark Stam: I think it would be very handy to have a CSV, TSV, XML or other delimited output (log)file with information about carved files. This output file can then be stored in a database or Excel sheet (report function)
Anti forensics and system integrity concerns
- It might be very interesting to look at the possibilities of using a multi process style of module support and combine it with a least authority design. On platforms that support AppArmor (or similar) and uid based firewall rules, this could make for the first true POLA (principle of least authority) based forensic tool ever. POLA based forensics tools should make for a strong integrity guard against many anti forensics. Alternatively we could look at integrating a capability secure language (E?) for implementation of at least validation modules. I don't expect this idea to make it, but mentioning it I hope might spark off less strong alternatives that at least partially address the integrity + anti-forensics problem. If we can in some way introduce POLA to a wider forensics public, other tools might also pick up on it what would be great.
Joachim Could you give an example of how you see this in action?
Rob J Meijer I see two layers where using POLA could be applied. The best one would require one of the folowing as prerequisites:
- The libaff/libewf layer is moved to a fuse implementation (for example carvfs).
- Libewf/Libaff are updated to accept opened filhandles instead of demanding to open their own files.
If one of these is fulfilled, than the tool running as some user can just have the simple task of opening the image files, starting up the 'real' tool and handing over the appropriate file handles. If the real tool runs with a restrictive AppArmor profile, and is started suid to a tool specific user that also has its own iptables uid based filter, than the real tool will run with least authority.
A second alternative, if neither of the first prerequisite could not be bet, would be to run the modules as confined processes and have a non confined process run as proxy for the first.
A third probably far fetched alternative would be to embed an object capability language in the tool and make the module interface thus that modules are to be written in this ocap language.
A 4th alternative might include minorfs or plash, but I havn't geven those sufficient thinking hours yet.
Format syntax specification
- Carving data structures. For example, extract all TCP headers from image by defining TCP header structure and some fields (e.g. source port > 1024, dest port = 80). This will extract all data matching the pattern and write a file with other fields. Another example is carving INFO2 structures and URL activity records from index.dat .FUF
- This has the opportunity to be extended to the concept of "point at blob FOO and interpret it as BAR"
.FUF added: The main idea is to allow users to define structures, for example (in pascal-like form):
Field1: Byte = 123;
SomeTextLength: DWORD;
SomeText: string[SomeTextLength];
Field4: Char = 'r';
This will produce something like this:
Field1 = 123
SomeTextLength = 5
SomeText = 'abcd1'
Field4 = 'r'
(In text or raw forms.)
Opinion: Simple pattern identification like that may not suffice, I think Simson's original intent was not only to identify but to allow for validation routines (plugins, as the original wording was). As such, the format syntax would need to implement a large chunk of some programming language in order to be sufficiently flexible. RB
Joachim In my option your example is too limited. Making the revit configuration I learned you'll need a near programming language to specify some file formats. A simple descriptive language is too limiting. I would also go for 2 bytes with endianess instead of using terminology like WORD and small integer, it's much more clear. The configuration also needs to deal with aspects like cardinality, required and optional structures.
This is simply data structures carving, see ideas above. Somebody (I cannot track so many changes per day) separated the original text. There is no need to count and join different structures. .FUF
Joachim This was probably me is the text back in it's original form?
I started it by moving your Revit07 comment to the validator/plugin section since I was still at that point thinking operational configuration for that section, not parser configurations. RB
Joachim I renamed the title to format syntax, clarity is important ;-)
Please take a look at the revit07 format syntax specification (configuration). It's not there yet but goes a far way. Some things currently missing:
- bitwise alignment
- handling encapsulated streams (MPEG/capture files)
- handling content based formats (MBOX)
Caving algorithm
- should we allow for multiple carving phases (runs/stages)?
I opt yes (separation of concern)
- should we allow for multiple carving algorithms?
I opt yes, this allows testing of different approaches
- Should the algorithm try to do as much in 1 run over the input data? To reduce IO?
I opt that the tool should allow for multiple and single run over the input data to minimize the IO or the CPU as bottleneck
- Interaction between algorithm and validators
- does the algorithm passes data blocks to the validators?
- does a validator need to maintain a state?
- does a validator need to revert a state?
- How do we deal with embedded files and content validation? Do the validators call another validator?
- do we use the assumption that a data block can be used by a single file (with the exception of embedded/encapsulated files)?
- Revit07 allows for multiple concurrent result files states to deal with fragmentation. One has the attribute of being active (the preferred) and the other passive. Do we want/need something similar? The algorithm adds block of input data (offsets) to these result files states.
- if so what info would these result files states require (type, list of input data blocks)
- how do we deal with file system remainders?
- Can we abstract them and compare them against available file system information?
- Do we carve file systems in files?
I opt that at least the validator uses this information
Caving scenarios
- normal file (file structure, loose text based structure (more a content structure?))
- fragmented file (the file entirely exist)
- a file fragment (the file does not entirely exist)
- intertwined file
- encapsulated file (MPEG/network capture)
- embedded file (JPEG thumbnail)
- obfuscation ('encrypted' PFF) this also entails encryption and/or compression
- file system in file
File System Awareness
Background: Why be File System Aware?
Advantages of being FS aware:
- You can pick up sector allocation sizes
Joachim do you mean file system block sizes?
- Some file systems may store things off sector boundaries. (ReiserFS with tail packing)
- Increasingly file systems have compression (NTFS compression)
Joachim Carving NTFS-compressed (lznt1) files: https://github.com/libyal/documentation/blob/main/Carving%20for%20NTFS%20compressed%20files.pdf
- Carve just the sectors that are not in allocated files.
Joachim sparse (file system) blocks e.g. NTFS cluster blocks
Tasks that would be required
As noted above, TSK should be utilized as much as possible, particularly the filesystem-aware portion. If we want to identify filesystems outside of its supported set, it would be more worth our time to work on implementing them there than in the carver itself. RB
I guess this tool operates like Selective file dumper and can recover files in both ways (or not?). Recovering files by using carving can recover files in situations where sleuthkit does nothing (e.g. file on NTFS was deleted using ntfs-3g, or filesystem was destroyed or just unknown). And we should build the list of filesystems supported by carver, not by TSK. .FUF
This tool is still in the early planning stages (requirements discovery), hence few operational details (like precise modes of operation) have been fleshed out - those will and should come later. The justification for strictly using TSK for the filesystem-sensitive approach is simple: TSK has good filesystem APIs, and it would be foolish to create yet another standalone, incompatible implementation of filesystem(foo) when time would be better spent improving those in TSK, aiding other methods of analysis as well. This is the same reason individuals that have implemented several other carvers are participating: de-duplication of effort. RB
Joachim A design problem might be that TSK currently is a single library operating on multiple layers (storage media IO, volume/partition analysis and file system analysis). I'm not aware how easily the parts can be used separately. But I estimate that for the carver we want to use these 3 layers differently than TSK currently does.
Joachim I would like to have the carver (recovery tool) also do recovery using file allocation data or remainders of file allocation data.
Joachim I would go as far to ask you all to look beyond the carver as a tool and look from the perspective of the carver as part of the forensic investigation process. In my eyes certain information needed/acquired by the carver could be also very useful investigative information i.e. what part of a hard disk contains empty sectors.
Supportive tooling
- validator (definitions) tester (detest in revit07)
- tool to make configuration based definitions
- post carving validation
- the carver needs to provide support for fuse mount of carved files (carvfs)
- automated testing
- test data
Validator Construction
- Write validators in C/C++
- Joachim you mean dedicated validators
- Have a scripting language for writing them (python? Perl?) our own?
- Joachim use easy to embed programming languages i.e. Phyton or Lua
- Use existing programs (libjpeg?) as plug-in validators?
- Joachim define a file structure api for this
Existing Code that we have
Joachim Please add any missing links
- DFRWS2006/2007 carving challenge results
- DFRWS2008 paper on carving
- DFRWS2006/2007 carving challenge results
- photorec (http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/PhotoRec)
- revit06 and revit07 (https://github.com/libyal/reviveit)
- s3/scarve
Possible file structure validator libraries
- divers existing file support libraries
- libole2 (inhouse experimental code of OLE2 support)
- libnk2
- libpff
Input support
Volume/Partition support
- disktype (http://disktype.sourceforge.net/)
- testdisk (http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/TestDisk)
File system support
- photorec FS code
- implementations of FS in Linux/BSD
- The tree-graph loadable module support, module loader and loadable modules of the Open Computer Forensics Architecture.
Content support
Zero storage support
- libcarvpath
- carvfs
- tsk-cp
- carvfsmodewf
- joe-e (java) ( https://code.google.com/archive/p/joe-e )
- Emily (ocaml) ( http://erights.org/download/emily/ )
- the E language ( http://www.erights.org/ )
- AppArmor
- iptables/ipfw
- minorfs ( https://www.the-essays.com/ )
Implementation Timeline
- gather the available resources/ideas/wishes/needs etc. (I guess we're in this phase)
- start discussing a high level design (in terms of algorithm,
facilities, information needed)
- input formats facility
- partition/volume facility
- file system facility
- file format facility
- content facility
- how to deal with fragment detection (do the validators allow for fragment detection?)
- how to deal with recombination of fragments
- do we want multiple carving phases in light of speed/precision tradeoffs
- start detailing parts of the design
- Discuss options for a grammar driven validator?
- Hard-coded plug-ins?
- Which existing code can we use?
- start building/assembling parts of the tooling for a prototype
- Implement simple file carving with validation.
- Implement gap carving
- Initial Release
- Implement the threaded carving that .FUF is describing above.
Joachim Shouldn't multi threaded carving (MTC) not be part of the 1st version? The MT approach makes for different design decisions
It is virtually impossible to turn a non-MT application into an MT application .Simsong 06:37, 3 November 2008 (UTC)


text:
Chapter 28
The wicked flee when no man pursues—Whoever walks uprightly will be saved—A faithful man will abound with blessings.
1 The wicked flee when no man pursueth: but the righteous are bold as a lion.
2 For the transgression of a land many are the princes thereof: but by a man of understanding and knowledge the state thereof shall be prolonged.
3 A poor man that oppresseth the poor is like a sweeping rain which leaveth no food.
4 They that forsake the law praise the wicked: but such as keep the law contend with them.
5 Evil men understand not judgment: but they that seek the Lord understand all things.
6 Better is the poor that walketh in his uprightness, than he that is perverse in his ways, though he be rich.
7 Whoso keepeth the law is a wise son: but he that is a companion of riotous men shameth his father.
8 He that by usury and unjust gain increaseth his substance, he shall gather it for him that will pity the poor.
9 He that turneth away his ear from hearing the law, even his prayer shall be abomination.
10 Whoso causeth the righteous to go astray in an evil way, he shall fall himself into his own pit: but the upright shall have good things in possession.
11 The rich man is wise in his own conceit; but the poor that hath understanding searcheth him out.
12 When righteous men do rejoice, there is great glory: but when the wicked rise, a man is hidden.
13 He that covereth his sins shall not prosper: but whoso confesseth and forsaketh them shall have mercy.
14 Happy is the man that feareth alway: but he that hardeneth his heart shall fall into mischief.
15 As a roaring lion, and a ranging bear; so is a wicked ruler over the poor people.
16 The prince that wanteth understanding is also a great oppressor: but he that hateth covetousness shall prolong his days.
17 A man that doeth violence to the blood of any person shall flee to the pit; let no man stay him.
18 Whoso walketh uprightly shall be saved: but he that is perverse in his ways shall fall at once.
19 He that tilleth his land shall have plenty of bread: but he that followeth after vain persons shall have poverty enough.
20 A faithful man shall abound with blessings: but he that maketh haste to be rich shall not be innocent.
21 To have respect of persons is not good: for for a piece of bread that man will transgress.
22 He that hasteth to be rich hath an evil eye, and considereth not that poverty shall come upon him.
23 He that rebuketh a man afterwards shall find more favour than he that flattereth with the tongue.
24 Whoso robbeth his father or his mother, and saith, It is no transgression; the same is the companion of a destroyer.
25 He that is of a proud heart stirreth up strife: but he that putteth his trust in the Lord shall be made fat.
26 He that trusteth in his own heart is a fool: but whoso walketh wisely, he shall be delivered.
27 He that giveth unto the poor shall not lack: but he that hideth his eyes shall have many a curse.
28 When the wicked rise, men hide themselves: but when they perish, the righteous increase.


text:
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