text: NAME SOAP::Lite - Perl's Web Services Toolkit DESCRIPTION SOAP::Lite is a collection of Perl modules which provides a simple and lightweight interface to the Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) both on client and server side. PERL VERSION WARNING As of version SOAP::Lite version 1.0, no perl versions before 5.8 will be supported. SOAP::Lite 0.71 will be the last version of SOAP::Lite running on perl 5.005 Future versions of SOAP::Lite will require at least perl 5.6.0 If you have not had the time to upgrade your perl, you should consider this now. OVERVIEW OF CLASSES AND PACKAGES lib/SOAP/Lite.pm SOAP::Lite - Main class provides all logic SOAP::Transport - Transport backend SOAP::Data - Data objects SOAP::Header - Header Data Objects SOAP::Serializer - Serializes data structures to SOAP messages SOAP::Deserializer - Deserializes SOAP messages into SOAP::SOM objects SOAP::SOM - SOAP Message objects SOAP::Constants - Provides access to common constants and defaults SOAP::Trace - Tracing facilities SOAP::Schema - Provides access and stub(s) for schema(s) SOAP::Schema::WSDL - WSDL implementation for SOAP::Schema SOAP::Server - Handles requests on server side SOAP::Server::Object - Handles objects-by-reference SOAP::Fault - Provides support for Faults on server side SOAP::Utils - A set of private and public utility subroutines lib/SOAP/Packager.pm SOAP::Packager - Provides an abstract class for implementing custom packagers. SOAP::Packager::MIME - Provides MIME support to SOAP::Lite SOAP::Packager::DIME - Provides DIME support to SOAP::Lite lib/SOAP/Transport/HTTP.pm SOAP::Transport::HTTP::Client - Client interface to HTTP transport SOAP::Transport::HTTP::Server - Server interface to HTTP transport SOAP::Transport::HTTP::CGI - CGI implementation of server interface SOAP::Transport::HTTP::Daemon - Daemon implementation of server interface SOAP::Transport::HTTP::Apache - mod_perl implementation of server interface lib/SOAP/Transport/POP3.pm SOAP::Transport::POP3::Server - Server interface to POP3 protocol lib/SOAP/Transport/MAILTO.pm SOAP::Transport::MAILTO::Client - Client interface to SMTP/sendmail lib/SOAP/Transport/LOCAL.pm SOAP::Transport::LOCAL::Client - Client interface to local transport lib/SOAP/Transport/TCP.pm SOAP::Transport::TCP::Server - Server interface to TCP protocol SOAP::Transport::TCP::Client - Client interface to TCP protocol lib/SOAP/Transport/IO.pm SOAP::Transport::IO::Server - Server interface to IO transport METHODS All accessor methods return the current value when called with no arguments, while returning the object reference itself when called with a new value. This allows the set-attribute calls to be chained together. new(optional key/value pairs) $client = SOAP::Lite->new(proxy => $endpoint) Constructor. Many of the accessor methods defined here may be initialized at creation by providing their name as a key, followed by the desired value. The example provides the value for the proxy element of the client. transport(optional transport object) $transp = $client->transport( ); Gets or sets the transport object used for sending/receiving SOAP messages. See SOAP::Transport for details. serializer(optional serializer object) $serial = $client->serializer( ) Gets or sets the serializer object used for creating XML messages. See SOAP::Serializer for details. packager(optional packager object) $packager = $client->packager( ) Provides access to the "SOAP::Packager" object that the client uses to manage the use of attachments. The default packager is a MIME packager, but unless you specify parts to send, no MIME formatting will be done. See also: SOAP::Packager. proxy(endpoint, optional extra arguments) $client->proxy('http://soap.xml.info/ endPoint'); The proxy is the server or endpoint to which the client is going to connect. This method allows the setting of the endpoint, along with any extra information that the transport object may need when communicating the request. This method is actually an alias to the proxy method of SOAP::Transport. It is the same as typing: $client->transport( )->proxy(...arguments); Extra parameters can be passed to proxy() - see below. compress_threshold See COMPRESSION in HTTP::Transport. All initialization options from the underlying transport layer The options for HTTP(S) are the same as for LWP::UserAgent's new() method. A common option is to create a instance of HTTP::Cookies and pass it as cookie_jar option: my $cookie_jar = HTTP::Cookies->new() $client->proxy('http://www.example.org/webservice', cookie_jar => $cookie_jar, ); For example, if you wish to set the HTTP timeout for a SOAP::Lite client to 5 seconds, use the following code: my $soap = SOAP::Lite ->uri($uri) ->proxy($proxyUrl, timeout => 5 ); See LWP::UserAgent. endpoint(optional new endpoint address) $client->endpoint('http://soap.xml.info/ newPoint') It may be preferable to set a new endpoint without the additional work of examining the new address for protocol information and checking to ensure the support code is loaded and available. This method allows the caller to change the endpoint that the client is currently set to connect to, without reloading the relevant transport code. Note that the proxy method must have been called before this method is used. service(service URL) $client->service('http://svc.perl.org/Svc.wsdl'); "SOAP::Lite" offers some support for creating method stubs from service descriptions. At present, only WSDL support is in place. This method loads the specified WSDL schema and uses it as the basis for generating stubs. outputxml(boolean) $client->outputxml('true'); When set to a true value, the raw XML is returned by the call to a remote method. The default is to return the a SOAP::SOM object (false). autotype(boolean) $client->autotype(0); This method is a shortcut for: $client->serializer->autotype(boolean); By default, the serializer tries to automatically deduce types for the data being sent in a message. Setting a false value with this method disables the behavior. readable(boolean) $client->readable(1); This method is a shortcut for: $client->serializer->readable(boolean); When this is used to set a true value for this property, the generated XML sent to the endpoint has extra characters (spaces and new lines) added in to make the XML itself more readable to human eyes (presumably for debugging). The default is to not send any additional characters. default_ns($uri) Sets the default namespace for the request to the specified uri. This overrides any previous namespace declaration that may have been set using a previous call to "ns()" or "default_ns()". Setting the default namespace causes elements to be serialized without a namespace prefix, like this: Some .NET web services have been reported to require this XML namespace idiom. ns($uri,$prefix=undef) Sets the namespace uri and optionally the namespace prefix for the request to the specified values. This overrides any previous namespace declaration that may have been set using a previous call to "ns()" or "default_ns()". If a prefix is not specified, one will be generated for you automatically. Setting the namespace causes elements to be serialized with a declared namespace prefix, like this: use_prefix(boolean) Deprecated. Use the "ns()" and "default_ns" methods described above. Shortcut for "serializer->use_prefix()". This lets you turn on/off the use of a namespace prefix for the children of the /Envelope/Body element. Default is 'true'. When use_prefix is set to 'true', serialized XML will look like this: When use_prefix is set to 'false', serialized XML will look like this: Some .NET web services have been reported to require this XML namespace idiom. soapversion(optional value) $client->soapversion('1.2'); If no parameter is given, returns the current version of SOAP that is being used by the client object to encode requests. If a parameter is given, the method attempts to set that as the version of SOAP being used. The value should be either 1.1 or 1.2. envprefix(QName) $client->envprefix('env'); This method is a shortcut for: $client->serializer->envprefix(QName); Gets or sets the namespace prefix for the SOAP namespace. The default is SOAP. The prefix itself has no meaning, but applications may wish to chose one explicitly to denote different versions of SOAP or the like. encprefix(QName) $client->encprefix('enc'); This method is a shortcut for: $client->serializer->encprefix(QName); Gets or sets the namespace prefix for the encoding rules namespace. The default value is SOAP-ENC. While it may seem to be an unnecessary operation to set a value that isn't relevant to the message, such as the namespace labels for the envelope and encoding URNs, the ability to set these labels explicitly can prove to be a great aid in distinguishing and debugging messages on the server side of operations. encoding(encoding URN) $client->encoding($soap_12_encoding_URN); This method is a shortcut for: $client->serializer->encoding(args); Where the earlier method dealt with the label used for the attributes related to the SOAP encoding scheme, this method actually sets the URN to be specified as the encoding scheme for the message. The default is to specify the encoding for SOAP 1.1, so this is handy for applications that need to encode according to SOAP 1.2 rules. typelookup $client->typelookup; This method is a shortcut for: $client->serializer->typelookup; Gives the application access to the type-lookup table from the serializer object. See the section on SOAP::Serializer. uri(service specifier) Deprecated - the "uri" subroutine is deprecated in order to provide a more intuitive naming scheme for subroutines that set namespaces. In the future, you will be required to use either the "ns()" or "default_ns()" subroutines instead of "uri()". $client->uri($service_uri); This method is a shortcut for: $client->serializer->uri(service); The URI associated with this accessor on a client object is the service-specifier for the request, often encoded for HTTP-based requests as the SOAPAction header. While the names may seem confusing, this method doesn't specify the endpoint itself. In most circumstances, the "uri" refers to the namespace used for the request. Often times, the value may look like a valid URL. Despite this, it doesn't have to point to an existing resource (and often doesn't). This method sets and retrieves this value from the object. Note that no transport code is triggered by this because it has no direct effect on the transport of the object. multirefinplace(boolean) $client->multirefinplace(1); This method is a shortcut for: $client->serializer->multirefinplace(boolean); Controls how the serializer handles values that have multiple references to them. Recall from previous SOAP chapters that a value may be tagged with an identifier, then referred to in several places. When this is the case for a value, the serializer defaults to putting the data element towards the top of the message, right after the opening tag of the method-specification. It is serialized as a standalone entity with an ID that is then referenced at the relevant places later on. If this method is used to set a true value, the behavior is different. When the multirefinplace attribute is true, the data is serialized at the first place that references it, rather than as a separate element higher up in the body. This is more compact but may be harder to read or trace in a debugging environment. parts( ARRAY ) Used to specify an array of MIME::Entity's to be attached to the transmitted SOAP message. Attachments that are returned in a response can be accessed by "SOAP::SOM::parts()". self $ref = SOAP::Lite->self; Returns an object reference to the default global object the "SOAP::Lite" package maintains. This is the object that processes many of the arguments when provided on the use line. The following method isn't an accessor style of method but neither does it fit with the group that immediately follows it: call(arguments) $client->call($method => @arguments); As has been illustrated in previous chapters, the "SOAP::Lite" client objects can manage remote calls with auto-dispatching using some of Perl's more elaborate features. call is used when the application wants a greater degree of control over the details of the call itself. The method may be built up from a SOAP::Data object, so as to allow full control over the namespace associated with the tag, as well as other attributes like encoding. This is also important for calling methods that contain characters not allowable in Perl function names, such as A.B.C. The next four methods used in the "SOAP::Lite" class are geared towards handling the types of events than can occur during the message lifecycle. Each of these sets up a callback for the event in question: on_action(callback) $client->on_action(sub { qq("$_[0]") }); Triggered when the transport object sets up the SOAPAction header for an HTTP-based call. The default is to set the header to the string, uri#method, in which URI is the value set by the uri method described earlier, and method is the name of the method being called. When called, the routine referenced (or the closure, if specified as in the example) is given two arguments, uri and method, in that order. .NET web services usually expect "/" as separator for "uri" and "method". To change SOAP::Lite's behaviour to use uri/method as SOAPAction header, use the following code: $client->on_action( sub { join '/', @_ } ); =item on_fault(callback) $client->on_fault(sub { popup_dialog($_[1]) }); Triggered when a method call results in a fault response from the server. When it is called, the argument list is first the client object itself, followed by the object that encapsulates the fault. In the example, the fault object is passed (without the client object) to a hypothetical GUI function that presents an error dialog with the text of fault extracted from the object (which is covered shortly under the SOAP::SOM methods). on_nonserialized(callback) $client->on_nonserialized(sub { die "$_[0]?!?" }); Occasionally, the serializer may be given data it can't turn into SOAP-savvy XML; for example, if a program bug results in a code reference or something similar being passed in as a parameter to method call. When that happens, this callback is activated, with one argument. That argument is the data item that could not be understood. It will be the only argument. If the routine returns, the return value is pasted into the message as the serialization. Generally, an error is in order, and this callback allows for control over signaling that error. on_debug(callback) $client->on_debug(sub { print @_ }); Deprecated. Use the global +debug and +trace facilities described in SOAP::Trace Note that this method will not work as expected: Instead of affecting the debugging behaviour of the object called on, it will globally affect the debugging behaviour for all objects of that class. WRITING A SOAP CLIENT This chapter guides you to writing a SOAP client by example. The SOAP service to be accessed is a simple variation of the well-known hello world program. It accepts two parameters, a name and a given name, and returns "Hello $given_name $name". We will use "Martin Kutter" as the name for the call, so all variants will print the following message on success: Hello Martin Kutter! SOAP message styles There are three common (and one less common) variants of SOAP messages. These address the message style (positional parameters vs. specified message documents) and encoding (as-is vs. typed). The different message styles are: * rpc/encoded Typed, positional parameters. Widely used in scripting languages. The type of the arguments is included in the message. Arrays and the like may be encoded using SOAP encoding rules (or others). * rpc/literal As-is, positional parameters. The type of arguments is defined by some pre-exchanged interface definition. * document/encoded Specified message with typed elements. Rarely used. * document/literal Specified message with as-is elements. The message specification and element types are defined by some pre-exchanged interface definition. As of 2008, document/literal has become the predominant SOAP message variant. rpc/literal and rpc/encoded are still in use, mainly with scripting languages, while document/encoded is hardly used at all. You will see clients for the rpc/encoded and document/literal SOAP variants in this section. Example implementations RPC/ENCODED Rpc/encoded is most popular with scripting languages like perl, php and python without the use of a WSDL. Usual method descriptions look like this: Method: sayHello(string, string) Parameters: name: string givenName: string Such a description usually means that you can call a method named "sayHello" with two positional parameters, "name" and "givenName", which both are strings. The message corresponding to this description looks somewhat like this: Kutter Martin Any XML tag names may be used instead of the "s-gensym01" stuff - parameters are positional, the tag names have no meaning. A client producing such a call is implemented like this: use SOAP::Lite; my $soap = SOAP::Lite->new( proxy => 'http://localhost:81/soap-wsdl-test/helloworld.pl'); $soap->default_ns('urn:HelloWorld'); my $som = $soap->call('sayHello', 'Kutter', 'Martin'); die $som->faultstring if ($som->fault); print $som->result, "\n"; You can of course use a one-liner, too... Sometimes, rpc/encoded interfaces are described with WSDL definitions. A WSDL accepting "named" parameters with rpc/encoded looks like this: The message corresponding to this schema looks like this: Kutter Martin A web service client using this schema looks like this: use SOAP::Lite; my $soap = SOAP::Lite->service("file:say_hello_rpcenc.wsdl"); eval { my $result = $soap->sayHello('Kutter', 'Martin'); }; if ($@) { die $@; } print $som->result(); You may of course also use the following one-liner: perl -MSOAP::Lite -e 'print SOAP::Lite->service("file:say_hello_rpcenc.wsdl")\ ->sayHello('Kutter', 'Martin'), "\n";' A web service client (without a service description) looks like this. use SOAP::Lite; my $soap = SOAP::Lite->new( proxy => 'http://localhost:81/soap-wsdl-test/helloworld.pl'); $soap->default_ns('urn:HelloWorld'); my $som = $soap->call('sayHello', SOAP::Data->name('name')->value('Kutter'), SOAP::Data->name('givenName')->value('Martin') ); die $som->faultstring if ($som->fault); print $som->result, "\n"; RPC/LITERAL SOAP web services using the document/literal message encoding are usually described by some Web Service Definition. Our web service has the following WSDL description: The XML message (inside the SOAP Envelope) look like this: Kutter Martin Hello Martin Kutter! This is the SOAP::Lite implementation for the web service client: use SOAP::Lite +trace; my $soap = SOAP::Lite->new( proxy => 'http://localhost:80/helloworld.pl'); $soap->on_action( sub { "urn:HelloWorld#sayHello" }); $soap->autotype(0)->readable(1); $soap->default_ns('urn:HelloWorld'); my $som = $soap->call('sayHello', SOAP::Data->name('parameters')->value( \SOAP::Data->value([ SOAP::Data->name('name')->value( 'Kutter' ), SOAP::Data->name('givenName')->value('Martin'), ])) ); die $som->fault->{ faultstring } if ($som->fault); print $som->result, "\n"; DOCUMENT/LITERAL SOAP web services using the document/literal message encoding are usually described by some Web Service Definition. Our web service has the following WSDL description: The XML message (inside the SOAP Envelope) look like this: Kutter Martin Hello Martin Kutter! You can call this web service with the following client code: use SOAP::Lite; my $soap = SOAP::Lite->new( proxy => 'http://localhost:80/helloworld.pl'); $soap->on_action( sub { "urn:HelloWorld#sayHello" }); $soap->autotype(0); $soap->default_ns('urn:HelloWorld'); my $som = $soap->call("sayHello", SOAP::Data->name('name')->value( 'Kutter' ), SOAP::Data->name('givenName')->value('Martin'), ); die $som->fault->{ faultstring } if ($som->fault); print $som->result, "\n"; Differences between the implementations You may have noticed that there's little difference between the rpc/encoded, rpc/literal and the document/literal example's implementation. In fact, from SOAP::Lite's point of view, the only differences between rpc/literal and document/literal that parameters are always named. In our example, the rpc/encoded variant already used named parameters (by using two messages), so there's no difference at all. You may have noticed the somewhat strange idiom for passing a list of named paraneters in the rpc/literal example: my $som = $soap->call('sayHello', SOAP::Data->name('parameters')->value( \SOAP::Data->value([ SOAP::Data->name('name')->value( 'Kutter' ), SOAP::Data->name('givenName')->value('Martin'), ])) ); While SOAP::Data provides full control over the XML generated, passing hash-like structures require additional coding. WRITING A SOAP SERVER See SOAP::Server, or SOAP::Transport. FEATURES ATTACHMENTS "SOAP::Lite" features support for the SOAP with Attachments specification. Currently, SOAP::Lite only supports MIME based attachments. DIME based attachments are yet to be fully functional. EXAMPLES Client sending an attachment "SOAP::Lite" clients can specify attachments to be sent along with a request by using the "SOAP::Lite::parts()" method, which takes as an argument an ARRAY of "MIME::Entity"'s. use SOAP::Lite; use MIME::Entity; my $ent = build MIME::Entity Type => "image/gif", Encoding => "base64", Path => "somefile.gif", Filename => "saveme.gif", Disposition => "attachment"; my $som = SOAP::Lite ->uri($SOME_NAMESPACE) ->parts([ $ent ]) ->proxy($SOME_HOST) ->some_method(SOAP::Data->name("foo" => "bar")); Client retrieving an attachment A client accessing attachments that were returned in a response by using the "SOAP::SOM::parts()" accessor. use SOAP::Lite; use MIME::Entity; my $soap = SOAP::Lite ->uri($NS) ->proxy($HOST); my $som = $soap->foo(); foreach my $part (${$som->parts}) { print $part->stringify; } Server receiving an attachment Servers, like clients, use the SOAP::SOM module to access attachments transmitted to it. package Attachment; use SOAP::Lite; use MIME::Entity; use strict; use vars qw(@ISA); @ISA = qw(SOAP::Server::Parameters); sub someMethod { my $self = shift; my $envelope = pop; foreach my $part (@{$envelope->parts}) { print "AttachmentService: attachment found! (".ref($part).")\n"; } # do something } Server responding with an attachment Servers wishing to return an attachment to the calling client need only return "MIME::Entity" objects along with SOAP::Data elements, or any other data intended for the response. package Attachment; use SOAP::Lite; use MIME::Entity; use strict; use vars qw(@ISA); @ISA = qw(SOAP::Server::Parameters); sub someMethod { my $self = shift; my $envelope = pop; my $ent = build MIME::Entity 'Id' => "<1234>", 'Type' => "text/xml", 'Path' => "some.xml", 'Filename' => "some.xml", 'Disposition' => "attachment"; return SOAP::Data->name("foo" => "blah blah blah"),$ent; } DEFAULT SETTINGS Though this feature looks similar to autodispatch they have (almost) nothing in common. This capability allows you specify default settings so that all objects created after that will be initialized with the proper default settings. If you wish to provide common "proxy()" or "uri()" settings for all "SOAP::Lite" objects in your application you may do: use SOAP::Lite proxy => 'http://localhost/cgi-bin/soap.cgi', uri => 'http://my.own.com/My/Examples'; my $soap1 = new SOAP::Lite; # will get the same proxy()/uri() as above print $soap1->getStateName(1)->result; my $soap2 = SOAP::Lite->new; # same thing as above print $soap2->getStateName(2)->result; # or you may override any settings you want my $soap3 = SOAP::Lite->proxy('http://localhost/'); print $soap3->getStateName(1)->result; Any "SOAP::Lite" properties can be propagated this way. Changes in object copies will not affect global settings and you may still change global settings with "SOAP::Lite->self" call which returns reference to global object. Provided parameter will update this object and you can even set it to "undef": SOAP::Lite->self(undef); The "use SOAP::Lite" syntax also lets you specify default event handlers for your code. If you have different SOAP objects and want to share the same "on_action()" (or "on_fault()" for that matter) handler. You can specify "on_action()" during initialization for every object, but you may also do: use SOAP::Lite on_action => sub {sprintf '%s#%s', @_}; and this handler will be the default handler for all your SOAP objects. You can override it if you specify a handler for a particular object. See t/*.t for example of on_fault() handler. Be warned, that since "use ..." is executed at compile time all "use" statements will be executed before script execution that can make unexpected results. Consider code: use SOAP::Lite proxy => 'http://localhost/'; print SOAP::Lite->getStateName(1)->result; use SOAP::Lite proxy => 'http://localhost/cgi-bin/soap.cgi'; print SOAP::Lite->getStateName(1)->result; Both SOAP calls will go to 'http://localhost/cgi-bin/soap.cgi'. If you want to execute "use" at run-time, put it in "eval": eval "use SOAP::Lite proxy => 'http://localhost/cgi-bin/soap.cgi'; 1" or die; Or alternatively, SOAP::Lite->self->proxy('http://localhost/cgi-bin/soap.cgi'); SETTING MAXIMUM MESSAGE SIZE One feature of "SOAP::Lite" is the ability to control the maximum size of a message a SOAP::Lite server will be allowed to process. To control this feature simply define $SOAP::Constants::MAX_CONTENT_SIZE in your code like so: use SOAP::Transport::HTTP; use MIME::Entity; $SOAP::Constants::MAX_CONTENT_SIZE = 10000; SOAP::Transport::HTTP::CGI ->dispatch_to('TemperatureService') ->handle; IN/OUT, OUT PARAMETERS AND AUTOBINDING "SOAP::Lite" gives you access to all parameters (both in/out and out) and also does some additional work for you. Lets consider following example: name1 name2 name3 In that case: $result = $r->result; # gives you 'name1' $paramout1 = $r->paramsout; # gives you 'name2', because of scalar context $paramout1 = ($r->paramsout)[0]; # gives you 'name2' also $paramout2 = ($r->paramsout)[1]; # gives you 'name3' or @paramsout = $r->paramsout; # gives you ARRAY of out parameters $paramout1 = $paramsout[0]; # gives you 'res2', same as ($r->paramsout)[0] $paramout2 = $paramsout[1]; # gives you 'res3', same as ($r->paramsout)[1] Generally, if server returns "return (1,2,3)" you will get 1 as the result and 2 and 3 as out parameters. If the server returns "return [1,2,3]" you will get an ARRAY reference from "result()" and "undef" from "paramsout()". Results can be arbitrary complex: they can be an array references, they can be objects, they can be anything and still be returned by "result()" . If only one parameter is returned, "paramsout()" will return "undef". Furthermore, if you have in your output parameters a parameter with the same signature (name+type) as in the input parameters this parameter will be mapped into your input automatically. For example: Server Code: sub mymethod { shift; # object/class reference my $param1 = shift; my $param2 = SOAP::Data->name('myparam' => shift() * 2); return $param1, $param2; } Client Code: $a = 10; $b = SOAP::Data->name('myparam' => 12); $result = $soap->mymethod($a, $b); After that, "$result == 10 and $b->value == 24"! Magic? Sort of. Autobinding gives it to you. That will work with objects also with one difference: you do not need to worry about the name and the type of object parameter. Consider the "PingPong" example (examples/My/PingPong.pm and examples/pingpong.pl): Server Code: package My::PingPong; sub new { my $self = shift; my $class = ref($self) || $self; bless {_num=>shift} => $class; } sub next { my $self = shift; $self->{_num}++; } Client Code: use SOAP::Lite +autodispatch => uri => 'urn:', proxy => 'http://localhost/'; my $p = My::PingPong->new(10); # $p->{_num} is 10 now, real object returned print $p->next, "\n"; # $p->{_num} is 11 now!, object autobinded STATIC AND DYNAMIC SERVICE DEPLOYMENT Let us scrutinize the deployment process. When designing your SOAP server you can consider two kind of deployment: static and dynamic. For both, static and dynamic, you should specify "MODULE", "MODULE::method", "method" or "PATH/" when creating "use"ing the SOAP::Lite module. The difference between static and dynamic deployment is that in case of 'dynamic', any module which is not present will be loaded on demand. See the "SECURITY" section for detailed description. When statically deploying a SOAP Server, you need to know all modules handling SOAP requests before. Dynamic deployment allows extending your SOAP Server's interface by just installing another module into the dispatch_to path (see below). STATIC DEPLOYMENT EXAMPLE use SOAP::Transport::HTTP; use My::Examples; # module is preloaded SOAP::Transport::HTTP::CGI # deployed module should be present here or client will get # 'access denied' -> dispatch_to('My::Examples') -> handle; For static deployment you should specify the MODULE name directly. You should also use static binding when you have several different classes in one file and want to make them available for SOAP calls. DYNAMIC DEPLOYMENT EXAMPLE use SOAP::Transport::HTTP; # name is unknown, module will be loaded on demand SOAP::Transport::HTTP::CGI # deployed module should be present here or client will get 'access denied' -> dispatch_to('/Your/Path/To/Deployed/Modules', 'My::Examples') -> handle; For dynamic deployment you can specify the name either directly (in that case it will be "require"d without any restriction) or indirectly, with a PATH. In that case, the ONLY path that will be available will be the PATH given to the dispatch_to() method). For information how to handle this situation see "SECURITY" section. SUMMARY dispatch_to( # dynamic dispatch that allows access to ALL modules in specified directory PATH/TO/MODULES # 1. specifies directory # -- AND -- # 2. gives access to ALL modules in this directory without limits # static dispatch that allows access to ALL methods in particular MODULE MODULE # 1. gives access to particular module (all available methods) # PREREQUISITES: # module should be loaded manually (for example with 'use ...') # -- OR -- # you can still specify it in PATH/TO/MODULES # static dispatch that allows access to particular method ONLY MODULE::method # same as MODULE, but gives access to ONLY particular method, # so there is not much sense to use both MODULE and MODULE::method # for the same MODULE ); In addition to this "SOAP::Lite" also supports an experimental syntax that allows you to bind a specific URL or SOAPAction to a CLASS/MODULE or object. For example: dispatch_with({ URI => MODULE, # 'http://www.soaplite.com/' => 'My::Class', SOAPAction => MODULE, # 'http://www.soaplite.com/method' => 'Another::Class', URI => object, # 'http://www.soaplite.com/obj' => My::Class->new, }) "URI" is checked before "SOAPAction". You may use both the "dispatch_to()" and "dispatch_with()" methods in the same server, but note that "dispatch_with()" has a higher order of precedence. "dispatch_to()" will be checked only after "URI" and "SOAPAction" has been checked. See also: EXAMPLE APACHE::REGISTRY USAGE, "SECURITY" COMPRESSION "SOAP::Lite" provides you option to enable transparent compression over the wire. Compression can be enabled by specifying a threshold value (in the form of kilobytes) for compression on both the client and server sides: *Note: Compression currently only works for HTTP based servers and clients.* Client Code print SOAP::Lite ->uri('http://localhost/My/Parameters') ->proxy('http://localhost/', options => {compress_threshold => 10000}) ->echo(1 x 10000) ->result; Server Code my $server = SOAP::Transport::HTTP::CGI ->dispatch_to('My::Parameters') ->options({compress_threshold => 10000}) ->handle; For more information see COMPRESSION in HTTP::Transport. SECURITY For security reasons, the existing path for Perl modules (@INC) will be disabled once you have chosen dynamic deployment and specified your own "PATH/". If you wish to access other modules in your included package you have several options: 1 Switch to static linking: use MODULE; $server->dispatch_to('MODULE'); Which can also be useful when you want to import something specific from the deployed modules: use MODULE qw(import_list); 2 Change "use" to "require". The path is only unavailable during the initialization phase. It is available once more during execution. Therefore, if you utilize "require" somewhere in your package, it will work. 3 Wrap "use" in an "eval" block: eval 'use MODULE qw(import_list)'; die if $@; 4 Set your include path in your package and then specify "use". Don't forget to put @INC in a "BEGIN{}" block or it won't work. For example, BEGIN { @INC = qw(my_directory); use MODULE } INTEROPERABILITY Microsoft .NET client with SOAP::Lite Server In order to use a .NET client with a SOAP::Lite server, be sure you use fully qualified names for your return values. For example: return SOAP::Data->name('myname') ->type('string') ->uri($MY_NAMESPACE) ->value($output); In addition see comment about default encoding in .NET Web Services below. SOAP::Lite client with a .NET server If experiencing problems when using a SOAP::Lite client to call a .NET Web service, it is recommended you check, or adhere to all of the following recommendations: Declare a proper soapAction in your call For example, use "on_action( sub { 'http://www.myuri.com/WebService.aspx#someMethod'; } )". Disable charset definition in Content-type header Some users have said that Microsoft .NET prefers the value of the Content-type header to be a mimetype exclusively, but SOAP::Lite specifies a character set in addition to the mimetype. This results in an error similar to: Server found request content type to be 'text/xml; charset=utf-8', but expected 'text/xml' To turn off this behavior specify use the following code: use SOAP::Lite; $SOAP::Constants::DO_NOT_USE_CHARSET = 1; # The rest of your code Use fully qualified name for method parameters For example, the following code is preferred: SOAP::Data->name(Query => 'biztalk') ->uri('http://tempuri.org/') As opposed to: SOAP::Data->name('Query' => 'biztalk') Place method in default namespace For example, the following code is preferred: my $method = SOAP::Data->name('add') ->attr({xmlns => 'http://tempuri.org/'}); my @rc = $soap->call($method => @parms)->result; As opposed to: my @rc = $soap->call(add => @parms)->result; # -- OR -- my @rc = $soap->add(@parms)->result; Disable use of explicit namespace prefixes Some user's have reported that .NET will simply not parse messages that use namespace prefixes on anything but SOAP elements themselves. For example, the following XML would not be parsed: SOAP::Lite allows users to disable the use of explicit namespaces through the "use_prefix()" method. For example, the following code: $som = SOAP::Lite->uri('urn:MyURI') ->proxy($HOST) ->use_prefix(0) ->myMethod(); Will result in the following XML, which is more palatable by .NET: Modify your .NET server, if possible Stefan Pharies : SOAP::Lite uses the SOAP encoding (section 5 of the soap 1.1 spec), and the default for .NET Web Services is to use a literal encoding. So elements in the request are unqualified, but your service expects them to be qualified. .Net Web Services has a way for you to change the expected message format, which should allow you to get your interop working. At the top of your class in the asmx, add this attribute (for Beta 1): [SoapService(Style=SoapServiceStyle.RPC)] Another source said it might be this attribute (for Beta 2): [SoapRpcService] Full Web Service text may look like: <%@ WebService Language="C#" Class="Test" %> using System; using System.Web.Services; using System.Xml.Serialization; [SoapService(Style=SoapServiceStyle.RPC)] public class Test : WebService { [WebMethod] public int add(int a, int b) { return a + b; } } Another example from Kirill Gavrylyuk : "You can insert [SoapRpcService()] attribute either on your class or on operation level". <%@ WebService Language=CS class="DataType.StringTest"%> namespace DataType { using System; using System.Web.Services; using System.Web.Services.Protocols; using System.Web.Services.Description; [SoapRpcService()] public class StringTest: WebService { [WebMethod] [SoapRpcMethod()] public string RetString(string x) { return(x); } } } Example from Yann Christensen : using System; using System.Web.Services; using System.Web.Services.Protocols; namespace Currency { [WebService(Namespace="http://www.yourdomain.com/example")] [SoapRpcService] public class Exchange { [WebMethod] public double getRate(String country, String country2) { return 122.69; } } } Special thanks goes to the following people for providing the above description and details on .NET interoperability issues: Petr Janata , Stefan Pharies , Brian Jepson , and others TROUBLESHOOTING SOAP::Lite serializes "18373" as an integer, but I want it to be a string! SOAP::Lite guesses datatypes from the content provided, using a set of common-sense rules. These rules are not 100% reliable, though they fit for most data. You may force the type by passing a SOAP::Data object with a type specified: my $proxy = SOAP::Lite->proxy('http://www.example.org/soapservice'); my $som = $proxy->myMethod( SOAP::Data->name('foo')->value(12345)->type('string') ); You may also change the precedence of the type-guessing rules. Note that this means fiddling with SOAP::Lite's internals - this may not work as expected in future versions. The example above forces everything to be encoded as string (this is because the string test is normally last and allways returns true): my @list = qw(-1 45 foo bar 3838); my $proxy = SOAP::Lite->uri($uri)->proxy($proxyUrl); my $lookup = $proxy->serializer->typelookup; $lookup->{string}->[0] = 0; $proxy->serializer->typelookup($lookup); $proxy->myMethod(\@list); See SOAP::Serializer for more details. "+autodispatch" doesn't work in Perl 5.8 There is a bug in Perl 5.8's "UNIVERSAL::AUTOLOAD" functionality that prevents the "+autodispatch" functionality from working properly. The workaround is to use "dispatch_from" instead. Where you might normally do something like this: use Some::Module; use SOAP::Lite +autodispatch => uri => 'urn:Foo' proxy => 'http://...'; You would do something like this: use SOAP::Lite dispatch_from(Some::Module) => uri => 'urn:Foo' proxy => 'http://...'; Problems using SOAP::Lite's COM Interface Can't call method "server" on undefined value You probably did not register Lite.dll using "regsvr32 Lite.dll" Failed to load PerlCtrl Runtime It is likely that you have install Perl in two different locations and the location of ActiveState's Perl is not the first instance of Perl specified in your PATH. To rectify, rename the directory in which the non-ActiveState Perl is installed, or be sure the path to ActiveState's Perl is specified prior to any other instance of Perl in your PATH. Dynamic libraries are not found If you are using the Apache web server, and you are seeing something like the following in your webserver log file: Can't load '/usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/.../XML/Parser/Expat/Expat.so' for module XML::Parser::Expat: dynamic linker: /usr/local/bin/perl: libexpat.so.0 is NEEDED, but object does not exist at /usr/local/lib/perl5/.../DynaLoader.pm line 200. Then try placing the following into your httpd.conf file and see if it fixes your problem. PassEnv LD_LIBRARY_PATH SOAP client reports "500 unexpected EOF before status line seen See "Apache is crashing with segfaults" Apache is crashing with segfaults Using "SOAP::Lite" (or XML::Parser::Expat) in combination with mod_perl causes random segmentation faults in httpd processes. To fix, try configuring Apache with the following: RULE_EXPAT=no If you are using Apache 1.3.20 and later, try configuring Apache with the following option: ./configure --disable-rule=EXPAT See http://archive.covalent.net/modperl/2000/04/0185.xml for more details and lot of thanks to Robert Barta for explaining this weird behavior. If this doesn't address the problem, you may wish to try "-Uusemymalloc", or a similar option in order to instruct Perl to use the system's own "malloc". Thanks to Tim Bunce . CGI scripts do not work under Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS) CGI scripts may not work under IIS unless scripts use the ".pl" extension, opposed to ".cgi". Java SAX parser unable to parse message composed by SOAP::Lite In some cases SOAP messages created by "SOAP::Lite" may not be parsed properly by a SAX2/Java XML parser. This is due to a known bug in "org.xml.sax.helpers.ParserAdapter". This bug manifests itself when an attribute in an XML element occurs prior to the XML namespace declaration on which it depends. However, according to the XML specification, the order of these attributes is not significant. http://www.megginson.com/SAX/index.html Thanks to Steve Alpert (email@example.com) for pointing on it. PERFORMANCE Processing of XML encoded fragments "SOAP::Lite" is based on XML::Parser which is basically wrapper around James Clark's expat parser. Expat's behavior for parsing XML encoded string can affect processing messages that have lot of encoded entities, like XML fragments, encoded as strings. Providing low-level details, parser will call char() callback for every portion of processed stream, but individually for every processed entity or newline. It can lead to lot of calls and additional memory manager expenses even for small messages. By contrast, XML messages which are encoded as base64Binary, don't have this problem and difference in processing time can be significant. For XML encoded string that has about 20 lines and 30 tags, number of call could be about 100 instead of one for the same string encoded as base64Binary. Since it is parser's feature there is NO fix for this behavior (let me know if you find one), especially because you need to parse message you already got (and you cannot control content of this message), however, if your are in charge for both ends of processing you can switch encoding to base64 on sender's side. It will definitely work with SOAP::Lite and it may work with other toolkits/implementations also, but obviously I cannot guarantee that. If you want to encode specific string as base64, just do "SOAP::Data->type(base64 => $string)" either on client or on server side. If you want change behavior for specific instance of SOAP::Lite, you may subclass "SOAP::Serializer", override "as_string()" method that is responsible for string encoding (take a look into "as_base64Binary()") and specify new serializer class for your SOAP::Lite object with: my $soap = new SOAP::Lite serializer => My::Serializer->new, ..... other parameters or on server side: my $server = new SOAP::Transport::HTTP::Daemon # or any other server serializer => My::Serializer->new, ..... other parameters If you want to change this behavior for all instances of SOAP::Lite, just substitute "as_string()" method with "as_base64Binary()" somewhere in your code after "use SOAP::Lite" and before actual processing/sending: *SOAP::Serializer::as_string = \&SOAP::XMLSchema2001::Serializer::as_base64Binary; Be warned that last two methods will affect all strings and convert them into base64 encoded. It doesn't make any difference for SOAP::Lite, but it may make a difference for other toolkits. BUGS AND LIMITATIONS * No support for multidimensional, partially transmitted and sparse arrays (however arrays of arrays are supported, as well as any other data structures, and you can add your own implementation with SOAP::Data). * Limited support for WSDL schema. * XML::Parser::Lite relies on Unicode support in Perl and doesn't do entity decoding. * Limited support for mustUnderstand and Actor attributes. PLATFORM SPECIFICS MacOS Information about XML::Parser for MacPerl could be found here: http://bumppo.net/lists/macperl-modules/1999/07/msg00047.html Compiled XML::Parser for MacOS could be found here: http://www.perl.com/CPAN-local/authors/id/A/AS/ASANDSTRM/XML-Parser- 2.27-bin-1-MacOS.tgz RELATED MODULES Transport Modules SOAP::Lite allows one to add support for additional transport protocols, or server handlers, via separate modules implementing the SOAP::Transport::* interface. The following modules are available from CPAN: * SOAP-Transport-HTTP-Nginx SOAP::Transport::HTTP::Nginx provides a transport module for nginx () AVAILABILITY You can download the latest version SOAP::Lite for Unix or SOAP::Lite for Win32 from the following sources: * CPAN: http://search.cpan.org/search?dist=SOAP-Lite You are welcome to send e-mail to the maintainers of SOAP::Lite with your comments, suggestions, bug reports and complaints. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Special thanks to Randy J. Ray, author of *Programming Web Services with Perl*, who has contributed greatly to the documentation effort of SOAP::Lite. Special thanks to O'Reilly publishing which has graciously allowed SOAP::Lite to republish and redistribute the SOAP::Lite reference manual found in Appendix B of *Programming Web Services with Perl*. And special gratitude to all the developers who have contributed patches, ideas, time, energy, and help in a million different forms to the development of this software. HACKING Latest development takes place on GitHub.com. Come on by and fork it. firstname.lastname@example.com:redhotpenguin/soaplite.git Also see the HACKING file. Actively recruiting maintainers for this module. Come and get it on! REPORTING BUGS Please use rt.cpan.org or github to report bugs. Pull requests are preferred. COPYRIGHT Copyright (C) 2000-2007 Paul Kulchenko. All rights reserved. Copyright (C) 2007-2008 Martin Kutter Copyright (C) 2013 Fred Moyer LICENSE This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. This text and all associated documentation for this library is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.0 license. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/2.0/ AUTHORS Paul Kulchenko (firstname.lastname@example.com) Randy J. Ray (email@example.com) Byrne Reese (firstname.lastname@example.com) Martin Kutter (email@example.com) Fred Moyer (firstname.lastname@example.com)


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Additional information
Weight | 1.7 kg |
Brand |
$208.68 Original price was: $208.68.$186.42Current price is: $186.42.
Release in: Jul 2023
In Stock
Due to the migration of our site, the login password of all previously registered customer accounts have been reset to "passw0rd", with a zero "0" instead of an "o".
We strongly recommend the change of password after logging in for security purposes.
We apologize for the inconvenience!
If you don't see what you want on our site, we are here to cheer you up!
AnimeNPC helps search for the missing item in your collection!
Simply Contact Us with the information of your target item, we will then get back to you within half a day!
We provide different shipping options that come with tracking number for customers around the world!
No matter where you are, we offer customized invoice value: by simply setting the invoice value to be declared during checkout, you could save on extra taxes.
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If you don't see what you want on our site, just let us know! AnimeNPC helps search for the missing item in your collection!

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Open Government Material
The District is committed to a transparent, open form of government. District agency websites are required to make certain records available online to the public, if those records exist. In cases where these records exist but are not yet available online, agencies are working to provide them as soon as possible. If you have any questions, please contact the FOIA Officer.
Public Employee Salary Information (DCHR) : (Please note that this is the complete listing of District employees. Agency designation is located in column two.)
- Statement of Policy
- District-wide and Annual Agency FOIA Reports (OS)
- DGS Performance Plan
FOIA Information
If you cannot find the information you are looking for here or elsewhere on DC.gov you can submit a FOIA request online via the DC government Public FOIA Portal. Requests may also be submitted by mail, fax, or email. However, please note that FOIA requests submitted online will be easier to track and process.
To understand the process before making a request, please see foia.dc.gov.
FOIA Officer
The FOIA Officer is the principal contact point within DGS for advice and policy guidance on matters pertaining to the administration of the FOIA. All requests are handled professionally and expeditiously. The Department of General Services FOIA Officer's information is listed below.
Department of General Services
3924 Minnesota Ave NE, Washington, DC 20019
Email: [email protected]


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Low Libido in New Castle, NH
A decrease in sex drive is a condition that is unique in the fact that there is no definitive way to monitor it. Doctors have no gauge for what a "normal" sex drive should be, so it is defined differently with each and every patient whether they're a man or a woman.
Only you can define what your natural desire for sexual relations should be, and as a result, only you can decide when it's time to seek the help of a qualified professional.
If you've noticed a decrease in your libido, it could be due to a number of factors. The solution may be simple, as in the case where the culprit is a side effect from a medication you were prescribed. It could be the result of the physical and mental anguish that comes with dealing with an unrelated chronic pain, or it may be hormonal .
Low Libido in Women
It may be difficult for a woman to determine what is causing her loss of libido, because it is difficult to monitor when a loss actually occurs. Simply not wanting sex as often as your partner doesn't necessarily mean you're sex drive is lacking, although if you're desire is less than you think it should be, it may be time to contact someone for help.
Whether the cause is physical, psychological, or hormonal, an experienced doctor can develop a treatment plan that restores your vigor to a level that meets your expectations.
Some physical and psychological causes for a diminished libido include:
- Pain during sex
- A preexisting condition such as arthritis, cancer, diabetes, or high blood pressure
- Side effects from medication
- Fatigue
- Anxiety
- Depression
- Stress
- Issues with your self-esteem
A diminished sex drive can also be caused by a drop in hormone levels. This can be due to natural phases of life such as menopause or breast feeding, or an unexpected hormonal imbalances . In the case of an imbalance, bioidentical hormone replacement therapy (BHRT) may be considered as a treatment option.
Low Libido in Men
Some people think that men should have no problem with their sex drive, and because of this, many men suffering from a diminished libido may keep the problem to themselves. The reality is that many men are suffering from the condition but may be too embarrassed to ask for help. The first step in treatment is to admit there is a problem. While there is no standard measurement for a healthy male sex drive, you have the power to determine when it isn't what you think it should be.
There are a number of treatable factors that can lower your sex drive. Some of these include:
- Side effects from medications such as antidepressants or drugs for high blood pressure
- Poor sleep habits
- Stress
- Erectile dysfunction
- Fatigue
- Drug or alcohol abuse
- Low testosterone
Contact Us
If you feel that you may be suffering from a loss of sex drive, your doctor may recommend that you keep a log of your experiences as well as any questions you may have. This information is vital in helping determine a unique path to helping you improve your condition.
Treatment plans may be a combination of lifestyle coaching, medical examinations and hormone therapy (BHRT).
Vibrant Health Naturopathic Medical Center
3 Riverside DriveGreenland, NH 03840
(207) 536-9661
8:30 am - 5:00 pm
9:00 am - 5:00 pm
10:30 am - 5:00 pm
9:00 am - 5:00 pm
10:00 am - 4:00 pm


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7 teal and aqua Spanish sea glass pieces, measuring from ¾ to ⅞ inch. Listing image shows them beautifully frosted alongside a US Dime for size reference.
See photos in gallery for more details.
All the sea glass that we sell is picked by us on Andalucia's Mediterranean beaches in southern Spain, so we know that it is 100% genuine. We do not resell other people's sea glass as there is so much out there that is fake or tampered with.
All our listings are photographed individually (we don't use generic photos) so what you see is what you get. All our listings are jewellery quality to flawless, if it isn't it stays on the beach!
Shipping costs are $8 (registered post) to anywhere in the world. If you buy more than one listing, each subsequent item is an additional $4 (eg: buy three lots = 1 @ $8 plus 2 @ $4 each – Total=$16). If the shipping charges exceed the actual shipping costs by an excessive amount we will issue a credit voucher for your next purchase.
Payment is by PayPal either from your PayPal account or by Visa or Mastercard debit and credit cards.
Find more stunning Spanish sea glass here: www.costaseaglass.com/shop/
Visit us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/CostaSeaGlass; and on Instagram at www.instagram.com/costaseaglass/


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What are High Index Lenses?
A high index lens is a lens that has a higher "index" of refraction. This means it has a greater ability to bend light rays to provide clear vision for people with stronger prescription glasses. But that's the technical terminology. What do high index lenses mean for eyeglass wearers?
Thinner, lighter, and more visually appealing, that's what! High index lenses are manufactured to be thinner at the edges of the lens and lighter in weight overall.
High index lenses are a good option for people who have strong prescriptions for myopia—commonly called "nearsightedness" due to a difficulty in focusing on far objects. A high-index lens can bend light rays more, while using less material in lenses created for both nearsighted and farsighted people (hyperopia).
No more soda bottle glasses
In times past, strong prescriptions meant thicker, heavier lenses, giving some a "glass bottle" appearance. But now, with high index glasses available in thinner, lightweight plastic (as well as slightly heavier glass), lens wearers with stronger prescriptions can get more attractive, yet equally effective, lens products. Because high-index lenses bend light more, anti-reflective (AR) treatment is often recommended as an add-on for optimum clarity of vision.
For better comfort, better vision and improved cosmetic appeal, people with strong prescriptions can't beat high-index lenses.
Special thanks to the EyeGlass Guide, for informational material that aided in the creation of this website. Visit the EyeGlass Guide today!


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Do you have a Peru 10 Soles Banknote? Here's how to exchange it with us.
- Tell us how many 10 Soles Banknotes you want to exchange
- Click on the 'Add to Cart' button.
- This will add the exchange value to your online wallet.
Repeat these steps for all banknotes, coins, stamps, and gift cards you want to exchange. Complete the checkout process and get paid within a week or less.


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Privacy Policy
Your Practice Online and K. Dean Olsen, M.D., Orthopedic Surgeon, Burnsville, Shakopee, Bloomington, MN are interested in the privacy and safety of our visitors. Our Website contains forms through which users may request information or provide feedback to us. In some cases, telephone numbers or return addresses are required so that we can provide you with the requested information. We may also track where you go or what you read in our Website so that we can provide you with effective follow up information, but only if you have given us explicit permission to do so by filling out a form that asks you if we may do so.
Google Analytics - Cookies
This website uses Google Analytics, a web analytics service provided by Google, Inc. ("Google"). Google Analytics uses "cookies", which are text files placed on your computer, to help the website analyze how users use the site. The information generated by the cookie about your use of the website (including your IP address) will be transmitted to and stored by Google on its servers. Google will use this information for the purpose of evaluating your use of the website, compiling reports on website activity for website operators, and providing other services relating to website activity and internet usage. Google may also transfer this information to third parties where required to do so by law, or where such third parties process the information on Google's behalf. Google will not associate your IP address with any other data held by Google. You may refuse the use of cookies by selecting the appropriate settings on your browser, however please note that if you do this you may not be able to use the full functionality of this website. By using this website, you consent to the processing of data about you by Google in the manner and for the purposes set out above.
If you have any questions about our privacy policy or our use of information gathered through our Website, please contact our Webmaster [javascript protected email address]


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desertcart is the best online shopping platform in KUWAIT where you can choose to buy from the largest selection of Mac Contour Palettes from renowned brands. desertcart delivers the most unique and largest selection of products from across the world especially from the US, UK and India at affordable prices and the fastest delivery time.
desertcart helps you to shop online and delivers Mac Contour Palettes to your doorstep. The best-selling Mac Contour Palettes on desertcart are:
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desertcart is a 100% legit website to buy Mac Contour Palettes of authentic brands. Our dedicated team specialize in quality control of each product and deliver them to the customers at their doorsteps.


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Kamus Online
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Terakhir dicari:
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Snow pigeon
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Steam gun
Online Dictionary: translate word or phrase from Indonesian to English or vice versa, and also from english to english on-line.
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Steam gun
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Found 1 items, similar to Steam gun.
English → English
Definition: Steam gun
(st[=e]m), n. [OE. stem, steem, vapor, flame, AS. ste['a]m vapor, smoke, odor; akin to D. stoom steam, perhaps originally, a pillar, or something rising like a pillar; cf. Gr. sty`ein to erect, sty^los a pillar, and E. stand.] 1. The elastic, a["e]riform fluid into which water is converted when heated to the boiling point; water in the state of vapor. [1913 Webster] 2. The mist formed by condensed vapor; visible vapor; -- so called in popular usage. [1913 Webster] 3. Any exhalation.
"A steam of rich, distilled perfumes."
--Milton. [1913 Webster]
Dry steam
, steam which does not contain water held in suspension mechanically; -- sometimes applied to superheated steam.
Exhaust steam
. See under
High steam
, or
High-pressure steam
, steam of which the pressure greatly exceeds that of the atmosphere.
Low steam
, or
Low-pressure steam
, steam of which the pressure is less than, equal to, or not greatly above, that of the atmosphere.
Saturated steam
, steam at the temperature of the boiling point which corresponds to its pressure; -- sometimes also applied to
wet steam
Superheated steam
, steam heated to a temperature higher than the boiling point corresponding to its pressure. It can not exist in contact with water, nor contain water, and resembles a perfect gas; -- called also
surcharged steam
anhydrous steam
, and
steam gas
Wet steam
, steam which contains water held in suspension mechanically; -- called also
misty steam
. [1913 Webster] Note: Steam is often used adjectively, and in combination, to denote, produced by heat, or operated by power, derived from steam, in distinction from other sources of power; as in steam boiler or steam-boiler, steam dredger or steam-dredger, steam engine or steam-engine, steam heat, steam plow or steam-plow, etc. [1913 Webster]
Steam blower
. (a) A blower for producing a draught consisting of a jet or jets of steam in a chimney or under a fire. (b) A fan blower driven directly by a steam engine.
Steam boiler
, a boiler for producing steam. See
, 3, and Note. In the illustration, the shell a of the boiler is partly in section, showing the tubes, or flues, which the hot gases, from the fire beneath the boiler, enter, after traversing the outside of the shell, and through which the gases are led to the smoke pipe d, which delivers them to the chimney; b is the manhole; c the dome; e the steam pipe; f the feed and blow-off pipe; g the safety valve; hthe water gauge.
Steam car
, a car driven by steam power, or drawn by a locomotive.
Steam carriage
, a carriage upon wheels moved on common roads by steam.
Steam casing
. See
Steam jacket
, under
Steam chest
, the box or chamber from which steam is distributed to the cylinder of a steam engine, steam pump, etc., and which usually contains one or more valves; -- called also
valve chest
, and
valve box
. See Illust. of
Slide valve
, under
Steam chimney
, an annular chamber around the chimney of a boiler furnace, for drying steam.
Steam coil
, a coil of pipe, or a collection of connected pipes, for containing steam; -- used for heating, drying, etc.
Steam colors
(Calico Printing), colors in which the chemical reaction fixing the coloring matter in the fiber is produced by steam.
Steam cylinder
, the cylinder of a steam engine, which contains the piston. See Illust. of
Slide valve
, under
Steam dome
(Steam Boilers), a chamber upon the top of the boiler, from which steam is conducted to the engine. See Illust. of Steam boiler, above.
Steam fire engine
, a fire engine consisting of a steam boiler and engine, and pump which is driven by the engine, combined and mounted on wheels. It is usually drawn by horses, but is sometimes made self-propelling.
Steam fitter
, a fitter of steam pipes.
Steam fitting
, the act or the occupation of a steam fitter; also, a pipe fitting for steam pipes.
Steam gas
. See
Superheated steam
, above.
Steam gauge
, an instrument for indicating the pressure of the steam in a boiler. The
mercurial steam gauge
is a bent tube partially filled with mercury, one end of which is connected with the boiler while the other is open to the air, so that the steam by its pressure raises the mercury in the long limb of the tube to a height proportioned to that pressure. A more common form, especially for high pressures, consists of a spring pressed upon by the steam, and connected with the pointer of a dial. The spring may be a flattened, bent tube, closed at one end, which the entering steam tends to straighten, or it may be a diaphragm of elastic metal, or a mass of confined air, etc.
Steam gun
, a machine or contrivance from which projectiles may be thrown by the elastic force of steam.
Steam hammer
, a hammer for forging, which is worked directly by steam; especially, a hammer which is guided vertically and operated by a vertical steam cylinder located directly over an anvil. In the variety known as Nasmyth's, the cylinder is fixed, and the hammer is attached to the piston rod. In that known as Condie's, the piston is fixed, and the hammer attached to the lower end of the cylinder.
Steam heater
. (a) A radiator heated by steam. (b) An apparatus consisting of a steam boiler, radiator, piping, and fixures for warming a house by steam.
Steam jacket
. See under
Steam packet
, a packet or vessel propelled by steam, and running periodically between certain ports.
Steam pipe
, any pipe for conveying steam; specifically, a pipe through which steam is supplied to an engine.
Steam plow
Steam plough
, a plow, or gang of plows, moved by a steam engine.
Steam port
, an opening for steam to pass through, as from the steam chest into the cylinder.
Steam power
, the force or energy of steam applied to produce results; power derived from a steam engine.
Steam propeller
. See
Steam pump
, a small pumping engine operated by steam. It is usually direct-acting.
Steam room
(Steam Boilers), the space in the boiler above the water level, and in the dome, which contains steam.
Steam table
, a table on which are dishes heated by steam for keeping food warm in the carving room of a hotel, restaurant, etc.
Steam trap
, a self-acting device by means of which water that accumulates in a pipe or vessel containing steam will be discharged without permitting steam to escape.
Steam tug
, a steam vessel used in towing or propelling ships.
Steam vessel
, a vessel propelled by steam; a steamboat or steamship; a steamer.
Steam whistle
, an apparatus attached to a steam boiler, as of a locomotive, through which steam is rapidly discharged, producing a loud whistle which serves as a warning or a signal. The steam issues from a narrow annular orifice around the upper edge of the lower cup or hemisphere, striking the thin edge of the bell above it, and producing sound in the manner of an organ pipe or a common whistle. [1913 Webster]
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Internal Oak Pesaro with Clear Glass Fire Door
Internal Oak Pesaro with Clear Glass Fire Door
Shipping & Returns
Shipping & Returns
We deliver within 3 - 7 working days of your order being placed. You will be contact by the delivery company before your order is due to arrive, to arrange for a 2 hour window for your order to be delivered to you in. All deliveries are made between 8am and 6pm, Monday to Friday unless otherwise agreed.
Purchase with peace of mind! You can return your order at anypoint within 30 days of receiving your order. If you decide that you want to return your order, please contact us.
Product Details
Product Description
Brand: XL Joinery
Door Style: Pesaro
Door Type: Internal Doors
Finish: Unfinished
Door Fire Rating: TRUE
Glazing Style: Clear
Colour: Oak
Lipping Framing Long Edge:
Lipping Long Edge:
Lipping Short Edge:
Price Match Guarantee
Seen our products elsewhere for less? Get in touch today to hear about our Price Match Guarantee!
Terms & Conditions apply.
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You can shop securely with Deal4Doors. Your personal information is secured with an industry standard 256-bit SSL encryption.
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text:
AC Repair in Wauconda, IL
Nothing is as bad as coming back to your house during the extreme weather conditions only to realize that the AC unit is not working. This, in fact, makes the house really uncomfortable. Because of this reason, you need to consider getting in touch with Wauconda AC repair service providers. Wauconda AC repair professionals have been in the industry for a long while, and it is through their impeccable services that Clever Cost Guides has managed to help so many people live comfortably.
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What type of project is this?
AVG Costs For AC Repair
AC Repair Wauconda, IL Average Costs
When the AC unit breaks down, you will find being in the house unbearable. These are challenges that most homeowners know too well, and it is for the same reason that you should get in touch with air conditioning repair specialists in Wauconda. Air conditioning professionals in Wauconda will make sure that they carry out proper diagnostics on your AC unit, and from there Clever Cost Guides's specialists can assist you accordingly.
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Looking at national averages and data can help a homeowner get a general idea of the cost of ac repair in Wauconda, but it will not get them an exact number. Wauconda ac repair costs will be affected due to labor rates, material costs, and any permits or licenses required. With that in mind figuring out a local average cost for ac repair in Wauconda is highly recommended before starting such a project.
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- Average Wauconda hourly labor costs.
- Average miscellaneous costs for other materials and equipment rental in Wauconda.
- Unrecognized costs like surface preparation and cleanup fees.
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- Illinois sales taxes for materials and related equipment.
- Required permits and building fees enforced by Wauconda law.
- General contractor, if used, fees for this project. These fees usually add another $52.80-$66.00 to Wauconda ac repair estimates.
It may be beneficial and strategic to compare the costs from cities surrounding the Wauconda area as well. Homeowners usually compare Wauconda ac repair with AC Repair around Barrington, IL, Cary AC Repair and AC Repair near Fox River Grove in order to determine a better price range.
What type of project is this?


text:
Rank - #868
Events Played - 1
Podiums - 0
CDGNC Place - 531
Please enter the player's PDGA number. If you are unsure if they have one, search here- https://www.pdga.com/players. IF THIS FIELD IS BLANK, A PDGA NUMBER WILL BE CREATED FOR THIS PLAYER.
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For help determining which division you qualify for, review the PDGA's guidelines here: https://www.pdga.com/medical/gender-protected-divisions-eligibility
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What is strongest aspect of your game? (Putting, Approach Shots, etc.)
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Max Distance
Bio - tell us about yourself.
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text:
Buying your first home as a First Time Buyer in or around Burnley – A quick guide to get you onto the property ladder
Conveyancing is the legal process involving the transfer of property ownership titles from one person to another.
Conveyancing consists of managing the legal and administration of your chosen property.
Burnley First Time Buyer Conveyancing Quotes
It's a daunting experience for some when looking to buy your first home. Some people say it can be one of the most stressful times of your life, so as a first time buyer in Burnley, it's important to know what to expect when buying a property, but to also have some of the best residential conveyancing lawyers working with you. Our first time buyer conveyancing quotes service, allows you to compare prices, locations and the quality of a potential coneyancing legal firm to handle your purchase in Burnley in 3 simple steps.
All of our professional legal panel of first time buyer property lawyers, are fully regulated by either the Solicitors Regulation Authority (SRA) or The Council for Licensed Conveyancers (CLC).
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The process starts when you have made an offer on a property in Burnley. The process ends when you complete and the property is registered on HM Land Registry.
Make an informed choice - Choose the right solicitor for you when moving in Burnley
The Conveyancing Network conveyancing panel provides you with an opportunity to make an informed choice on which solicitor will act for you near to Burnley. Importantly you can see a fully transparent quote and can arrange a call back to cover any questions you may have.
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Typical Conveyancing Costs for a First Time Buyer in Burnley
Conveyancing Costs and fees from solicitors and conveyancers can vary, which is why you obtain a quote so that you can budget and that you know where you stand financially. Use the conveyancing calculator quote service to determine the best value deal for you.
Get a First Time Buyer Conveyancing Quote from a Property Solicitor
Thanks and remember our aim is to offer as much support as we can in providing you with the help that you need to move on time and within budget.
The First Time Buyer Conveyancing Solicitor Quotation
Enjoy the easy to use Conveyancing quote search facility where you can enter the postcode of your chosen property or simply leave blank if you are finding out the legal costs for a solicitor in or near Burnley before you have found your ideal property.
Stamp Duty (SDLT) for First Time Buyers in Burnley
From 23rd September 2022, as a first time buyer in Burnley purchasing a property in England, Wales or Northern Ireland, you will be subject to reduced or 0% stamp duty. The new first time buyer stamp duty rates apply to any first time buyer purchase in England, Wales or Northern Ireland up to the purchase value of £625,000. Thew new rates are calculated as follows:
- Up to £425,000 Purchase = 0%
- £425,001 - £625,000 = 5% (on that portion of the purchase price)
If you are a first time buyer and you purchase a property in Burnley for more than £625,000, then you will be subject to the standard SDLT rates. The first-time buyer relief is only available on Purchase's LESS THAN £500,000.
All or conveyancing quotes for first time buyers in Burnley, correctly detail any SDLT liabilities for a purchase transaction. If in doubt, you can use our Stamp Duty Calculator.


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PennySaverUSA Online Classifieds
For 50 years, the Original PennySaver has been connecting buyers and sellers and bringing the best local values to our readers through our original printed classifieds. We're the largest direct mail shopping publication in the U.S., reaching over 11.2 million Americans every week with quality neighborhood discounts and coupons. Now PennysaverUSA's online classifieds make it easy to find exactly what you need in your neighborhood from pets for sale, new and used cars for sale, houses and apartments for rent, job listings, the nearest garage sales, and even free stuff! We're passionate about our mission to connect buyers and sellers and bring the best local values to our readers wherever they are. In this era of overblown rhetoric and make-a-quick-buck operations, our online classifieds allow us to facilitate that connection, keeping us committed to the same principles the Original PennySaver committed to fifty years ago.


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text:
$10.80 $12.00
2011 Mountain Bike Patent, Bicycle Frame with Articulating Linkage Mounting Arrangement, invented by Jason Chamberlain. The patent was issued by the United States Patent and Trademark Office on February 22, 2011.
All patent artwork and illustrative drawings have been specially designed to create a one-of-a-kind piece of art that can be nicely displayed as a unique addition to your décor.
** Watermarks will NOT appear on your print. **
1. All images shown are purposefully lower resolution for faster upload speed and to prevent others from duplicating my work. The print you receive will be printed in high resolution on archival, non-glare, matte paper.
2. Frame is not included.
3. Other COLORS and SIZES are available. Just send me a message thru Etsy.
4. Colors on your monitor may vary slightly from actual product
5. Giclée print process utilizing 10 color pigment ink that creates a museum quality print guaranteed to last 200 years.
6. All orders ship in a clear, acid free protective sleeve and a rigid envelope or tube to ensure safe delivery to your home or office.
©Blue Moon Patent Print, all rights reserved. By purchasing this artwork, you do not acquire its copyrights and any form of duplication or distribution for resale purposes is strictly prohibited.
1-3 business days
I'll do my best to meet these shipping estimates, but can't guarantee them. Actual delivery time will depend on the shipping method you choose.
Buyers are responsible for any customs and import taxes that may apply. I'm not responsible for delays due to customs.
Mar 21, 2023
product arrived as promised and is a good quality print.
Feb 18, 2023
Oct 21, 2021
Was an amazing Birthday Gift for a person in my life who loves mountain biking. Timely shipping, great quality. ✨
Apr 26, 2021