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Its MORNING EDITION from NPR News. I'm Steve Inskeep.
And I'm Linda Wertheimer. We'll get a look this week at how many people have signed up for health insurance on the new government exchanges. According to the Wall Street Journal, fewer than 50,000 people have obtained coverage so far through the federal website. That's well below the government's original forecasts.
The Obama Administration says there's still plenty of time for people to get coverage, but officials acknowledge that technical problems with the website have slowed the sign-up process. As NPR's Scott Horsley reports, the complex challenge facing website designers is partly the result of trade-offs made in crafting the Affordable Care Act.
SCOTT HORSLEY, BYLINE: To understand the challenge that software writers are now grappling with as they try to get the insurance website working properly, you have to go back to 2009, when the newly-elected President Obama was traveling the country and getting a lot of questions like this one from Linda Allison in Albuquerque.
HORSLEY: Obama admitted a single payer system, with the government providing health insurance for everyone, does have a certain appeal.
HORSLEY: The private insurance system already covers about 200 million people in America, most of them through their employer. And while that system could be inefficient and frustrating, and left tens of millions of people with no coverage at all, the president was reluctant to blow it up.
HORSLEY: Instead, Obama struck a political compromise that left the private insurance market intact, with a new requirement that insurers could not deny coverage to anyone. The government then offered subsidies to help lower-income families buy private insurance. And it tried to expand Medicaid for those who still couldn't afford it.
That's the patchwork system that the new health insurance exchange is designed to showcase. Health policy expert Harold Pollack of the University of Chicago says while it's no excuse for the website's performance failures, building such an exchange, on top of the sprawling private insurance market, was always a big challenge.
HAROLD POLLACK: We end up with a very klugey system. But the reason why it's klugey is because it's set up to minimize disruption and to allow for a series of really very delicate compromises that had to be made along the way.
HORSLEY: The website also has to verify income to see if applicants qualify for that federal subsidy, and that means tapping into the IRS database. Elaine Kamarch, who helped create the National Performance Review in the Clinton White House, says that requires a lot more security than your typical e-commerce site.
ELAINE KAMARCH: If somebody sees what books you're reading on Amazon, it's really not the end of the world. If somebody sees your income tax data for the last ten years, that's a big problem.
HORSLEY: In crafting the health care law, the administration was especially eager not to disrupt the employer-provided health plans that most Americans rely on. Here's something else the president said during that Albuquerque town hall meeting in 2009.
HORSLEY: It's clear in that case the president was talking only about insurance that workers get through their employer, not the more volatile individual market where many policies are now being canceled. As time went on, though, that distinction disappeared from the president's talking points.
Many policy experts would like to see the U.S. shift away from its reliance on employer-provided insurance. But the University of Chicago's Pollack says Obamacare was designed to be a gradual revolution.
POLLACK: Our political system demands minimally invasive reforms. And when you have something as huge and as complicated as the American health care system, wow, that's really hard to do.
HORSLEY: If over time, the insurance exchanges prove successful, they could provide an alternative to health coverage through the workplace. For now, though, that's still a big if. Steve Horsley, NPR news, the White House. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.

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Earwax (cerumen) is a yellowish waxy substance produced by healthy ears. Earwax protects the ear from bacteria, water and foreign particles. It also assists in the cleaning and lubrication of the ear canal. Usually, excess wax is removed from the ear canal naturally. If a buildup does occur, the earwax will become hard and block the ear.
Causes of Earwax Blockage
A blockage of earwax is usually caused by an overproduction of earwax or insufficient cleaning. Surprisingly, the most common cause of a blockage is incorrect at-home earwax removal. Often, instead of cleaning out the earwax it is just pushed deeper inside the ear. Earphone and ear plug usage can also cause wax buildup, as the earphones can prevent earwax from naturally coming out of the ear canal.
Symptoms of Earwax Blockage
Earaches, a feeling of fullness in the ear, hearing loss and ringing in the ear (tinnitus) are all common signs of earwax blockage. If the earwax is not removed an infection can develop. This would include severe pain in the ear that does not subside and a fever. If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, you should talk to your doctor, as these may also be signs of a more serious condition.
How does an ENT treat an earwax block?
In order to diagnose a buildup of earwax, your doctor will need to look in your ear with a special magnifying instrument called an otoscope. Once your ear condition is diagnosed, your doctor can remove the wax buildup a few ways: with a small curved instrument called a curet, through suction or by flushing out the wax using a water pick or warm water. If this continues to be a problem, wax-removal medications may be recommended.
At home Earwax blockage treatments
As long as your ear is healthy and does not have tube or a hole in it, at-home treatments can be helpful to manage earwax buildup. An eyedropper can be used to apply a few drops of baby oil, mineral oil or hydrogen peroxide into the ear canal; this is done to soften the wax.
Once soft, after an hour or a few days, the wax is ready to be removed. A rubber-bulb syringe can be used to gently squirt warm water into the ear canal. Once the water has drained out of the ear, the ear should be dried with a towel. This procedure can be repeated several times until the wax has been removed.
Contact ENT of Georgia North for more information or to schedule an appointment.


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We offer free shipping in the U.S. for all online orders over $40. This Holland Bar Stool Company item will ship in approximately 7-10 business days via FedEx, and will arrive approximately 2-4 days after is has shipped. Shipping Details & Conditions.
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go to load2cardnow.com to clip coupons!
- Load2Card is a coupon management program that allows wellness+ members to save, manage, and redeem Rite Aid and manufacturer coupons available throughout the internet via their wellness+ card.
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Photo courtesy of NewsUSA
There are some filters you may not realize should be changed, like the lint filter.
(NewsUSA) — Home cleaning is a catch-all phrase for the general de-clutter and organizational projects that abound when messiness trumps neatness. But in addition to clearing out the garage, don't forget to change those oft-neglected filters that can harm your health if left unclean.
"Humidifier filters, for example, are designed to wick the water and make it easier to evaporate in the air to increase humidity. But, if not changed they can become oversaturated and susceptible to mold, mildew, and bacteria growth that can make you sick," says Alex Hertzog, a water specialist with Filters Fast who is certified by the Water Quality Association.
Most of us eventually remember to change the obvious filters, like those on our stove vents or the PUR filter on our tap. But what about changing filters you don't even know you have?
According to the experts, there are seven filters you probably don't know you should be changing.
1. Microwave filter. The filter traps grease and odors from the air, thus protecting the appliance and also preventing odors from recirculating and affecting the taste and smell of your food. The microwave filter should be replaced every 6-12 months.
2. Showerhead filter. The filter reduces harmful chemicals that can dry out your hair and skin, leading to other negative effects on the body. It should be replaced every 3-6 months.
3. Humidifier. Most people know humidifiers have a filter that should be changed, but what they don't realize is that many humidifiers actually have up to three filters. It's important to change all three filters.
4. Coffee maker filter. A filter is used in most coffee makers, and it should be replaced approximately every 60 brews.
"They're designed to remove the disinfection chemicals from tap water. If the filters aren't changed, they cause more exposure to ingesting chlorine," says Hertzog.
5. Furnace filter. To reduce allergens like pollen, dust, pet dander, mold spores and dust mites from leaking into the air, it should be changed every 3-6 months.
6. Dryer lint filter screen. The lint filter screen should be replaced as needed, if it has build-up or tears in the screen. Changing the filter can prevent fire hazards, extend the life of your dryer and reduce energy bills.
7. Refrigerator filter. The filter on a fridge keeps ice fresh and cleans the water dispensed from the refrigerator.
Get more filter-related advice at www.filtersfast.com.


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Fluoride is the most effective agent available to help prevent tooth decay. It is a mineral that is naturally present in varying amounts in almost all foods and water supplies. The benefits of fluoride have been well known for over 50 years and are supported by many health and professional organizations.
Fluoride works in two ways:
Topical fluoride strengthens the teeth once they have erupted by seeping into the outer surface of the tooth enamel, making the teeth more resistant to decay. We gain topical fluoride by using fluoride containing dental products such as toothpaste, mouth rinses, and gels. Dentists and dental hygienists generally recommend that children have a professional application of fluoride twice a year during dental check-ups.
Systemic fluoride strengthens the teeth that have erupted as well as those that are developing under the gums. We gain systemic fluoride from most foods and our community water supplies. It is also available as a supplement in drop or gel form and can be prescribed by your dentist or physician. Generally, fluoride drops are recommended for infants, and tablets are best suited for children up through the teen years. It is very important to monitor the amounts of fluoride a child ingests. If too much fluoride is consumed while the teeth are developing, a condition called fluorosis (white spots on the teeth) may result.
Although most people receive fluoride from food and water, sometimes it is not enough to help prevent decay. Your dentist or dental hygienist may recommend the use of home and/or professional fluoride treatments for the following reasons:
Remember, fluoride alone will not prevent tooth decay! It is important to brush at least twice a day, floss regularly, eat balanced meals, reduce sugary snacks, and visit your dentist on a regular basis.
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This article forms part of the series Orthodox Spirituality | |
Holy Mysteries | |
Baptism - Chrismation Confession - Eucharist Marriage - Ordination Holy Unction | |
Three Stages | |
Catharsis/Purification Theoria/Illumination Theosis/Divinization | |
Hesychasm | |
Nepsis - Metanoia Hesychia - Phronema Mysticism - Nous | |
Asceticism | |
Chastity - Obedience Stability - Fasting Poverty - Monasticism | |
Virtues | |
Humility - Generosity Chastity - Meekness Temperance - Contentment Diligence | |
Prayer | |
Worship - Veneration Prayer Rule - Jesus Prayer Relics - Sign of the Cross | |
Church Fathers | |
Apostolic Fathers Desert Fathers Cappadocians The Philokalia The Ladder of Divine Ascent | |
Edit this box |
The Eucharist is the center of life in the Orthodox Church because the Church is primarily a eucharistic community. The Eucharist is the completion of all of the Church's other sacraments and the source and the goal of all of the Church's doctrines and institutions.
The majority of scholars of the Last Supper do not believe that it was a Passover meal, a position consistent with the account given by the Gospel of Saint John. A minority believe that it was a seder or Passover meal, a position consistent with the Synoptic gospels. However, as Enrico Mazza has argued, the minority view "remains a theological interpretation. The historical fact is that the Last Supper was not a Passover celebration and, consequently, that its liturgy was not that of the Jewish Passover" (The Celebration of the Eucharist: The Origin of the Rite and the Development of Its Interpretation [Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 1999] pp. 25-26).
The Orthodox Church uses leavened bread for, according to the Gospel of Saint John, Last Supper and Passion, took place during the evening, night and day time of Passover Day, therefore leavened bread was eaten in Last Supper. According to the synoptic Gospels, last Supper, Lord's trial and crucifixion took place during next day, the first Day of Unleavened Bread feast, but according to Lev 23:7, any work on that Day was forbidden. Clearly, the synoptic Gospels are in error on the day of Last Supper and Passion.
For the remission of sins and unto life everlasting
Before the reception of Holy Communion the following prayer is generally recited by all. It is each person's act of personal commitment to Christ, their promise of faith in Him and the Sacred Mysteries of His Church.
- I believe, O Lord, and I confess that Thou art truly the Christ, the Son of the Living God, who camest into the world to save sinners, of whom I am the first (see 1 Tim 1:15).
- I believe also that this is truly Thine own most pure Body, and that this is truly Thine own most precious Blood. Therefore I pray Thee: Have mercy upon me and forgive me my transgressions, committed in word and deed, whether consciously or unconsciously.
- And make me worthy to partake without condemnation of Thy most pure Mysteries, for the remission of sins and unto life everlasting.
- Of Thy Mystical Supper, O Son of God, accept me today as a communicant. For I will not speak of Thy Mystery to Thine enemies, neither like Judas will I give Thee a kiss; but like the thief will I confess Thee: "Remember me, O Lord, in Thy Kingdom."
- May the communion of Thy Holy Mysteries be neither to my judgment, nor to my condemnation, 0 Lord, but to the healing of soul and body.
The faithful receive Holy Communion on a spoon. They are given both the consecrated bread (NIKA) and the sanctified wine. The communion of the faithful is always from the gifts offered and sanctified at the given Divine Liturgy. All who are prepared members of the Church through the sacraments of baptism and chrismation, including small children and infants, may partake of Holy Communion.
Eucharist as a sacrifice
The Orthodox Church believes the Eucharist to be a sacrifice. As is heard in the Liturgy, "Thine of Thine own we offer to Thee, in all and for all."
- At the Eucharist, the sacrifice offered is Christ himself, and it is Christ himself who in the Church performs the act of offering: He is both priest and victim.
- We offer to Thee. The Eucharist is offered to God the Trinity — not just to the Father but also to the Holy Spirit and to Christ Himself. So, what is the sacrifice of the Eucharist? By whom is it offered? and to whom is it offered? In each case the answer is Christ.
- We offer for all: according to Orthodox theology, the Eucharist is a propitiatory sacrifice, offered on behalf of both the living and the dead.
The Church teaches that the sacrifice is not a mere figure or symbol but a true sacrifice. It is not the bread that is sacrificed, but the very Body of Christ. And, the Lamb of God was sacrificed only once, for all time. The sacrifice at the Eucharist consists, not in the real and bloody immolation of the Lamb, but in the transformation of the bread into the sacrificed Lamb.
All the events of Christ's sacrifice, the Incarnation, the Last Supper, the Crucifixion, the Resurrection, and the Ascension are not repeated in the Eucharist, but they are made present.
Real, symbolic, or mystical
The Eucharist is both symbolic and mystical. Also, the Eucharist in the Orthodox Church is understood to be the genuine Body and Blood of Christ, precisely because bread and wine are the mysteries and symbols of God's true and genuine presence and his manifestation to us in Christ.
The mystery of the Holy Eucharist defies analysis and explanation in purely rational and logical terms. For the Eucharist, as Christ himself, is a mystery of the Kingdom of Heaven which, as Jesus has told us, is "not of this world." The Eucharist, because it belongs to God's Kingdom, is truly free from the earth-born "logic" of fallen humanity.
From John of Damascus: "If you enquire how this happens, it is enough for you to learn that it is through the Holy Spirit ... we know nothing more than this, that the word of God is true, active, and omnipotent, but in its manner of operation unsearchable".
Reserved Sacrament
The Eucharist is normally reserved in a tabernacle on the altar table, although there is no strict rule as to the place of reservation. There are no services of public devotion before the reserved sacrament, nor is there any equivalent to the Roman Catholic functions of Exposition and Benediction. The priest blesses the people with the sacrament during the course of the Liturgy, but never outside it.
The faithful at the liturgy are never given communion from the reserved gifts; they are kept exclusively for those unable to be attend liturgy for good reasons, usually sickness or infirmity. Holy Communion is always from the gifts, the bread and wine, actually offered at the eucharistic liturgy which is currently being celebrated. Only the Liturgy of Presanctified Gifts uses gifts sanctified at the previous Divine Liturgy.
The reserved gifts are normally prepared at the Vesperal Liturgy of Holy Thursday or when the need arises. A detailed description of this can be found in the addendum of the clergy service book. For an illustrated description online see [1].
This article forms part of the series on the Divine Liturgy | |
Liturgy of the Preparation | |
Proskomedia Liturgical objects Vestments | |
Liturgy of the Word | |
Great Litany Antiphons Little Entrance Troparion Thrice-Holy Hymn Epistle Gospel Homily Litany of Fervent Supplication Litany for the Departed Litany of the Catechumens | |
Liturgy of the Eucharist | |
Cherubic Hymn Great Entrance Litany of the Completion Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed Anaphora Epiclesis Megalynarion Lord's Prayer Communion Dismissal Antidoron | |
Edit this box |
Eucharistic Liturgies
In the Orthodox Church four Eucharistic Liturgies are commonly used.
Liturgy of St. James
The Liturgy of St. James is served only in certain places, usually on the feast day of St. James the "Brother of the Lord" (October 23), first Bishop of Jerusalem. It is the oldest and longest of the liturgies. It varies greatly from the other liturgies celebrated by the Church today in that it is celebrated outside the sanctuary at an altar that faces the congregation.
The rubrics require that this liturgy is celebrated by a bishop and twelve priests. In the absence of a bishop, thirteen priests may celebrate the service. The faithful receive Holy Communion as the clergy do, receiving the Body in their mouth and then drinking from the chalice.
Divine Liturgy of St. Basil the Great
The Divine Liturgy of St. Basil the Great is used on the Sundays of Great Lent, Holy Thursday, the Eves of Pascha, Christmas, and Theophany, and the Feast of St.Basil the Great (January 1). St. Basil shortened and standardized all the variations of liturgies that developed from the time of St. James until the acceptance of Christianity by the Roman Empire.
Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom
The most common is the Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom, the liturgy used on all Sundays except those which fall during Great Lent and all holy days on which a Eucharistic liturgy is served except for the eves of Pascha, Christmas and Theophany, Holy Thursday, and the feast day of St. Basil the Great.
Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts
- Main article: Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts
The Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts is a vesperal service during which elements that were previously consecrated are distributed to the faithful. The Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts is appointed for use on Wednesdays and Fridays during Great Lent (and certain feast days when they fall on a weekday during Great Lent) because the full celebration of the Eucharistic liturgy is generally prohibited on the weekdays of Great Lent. This service is often attributed to St. Gregory the Great, Bishop of Rome in the sixth century.
Other Divine Liturgies
There are several Divine liturgies that are used in some Orthodox churches frequently and in others rarely.
Divine Liturgy of St. Mark
The service is the original, traditional liturgy of the Church of Alexandria, used by the great hierarchs of Christ Athanasios, Cyril, Makarios, Dionysios and others. Manuscript texts of this liturgy date back to the fourth century, but more ancient fragments exist. Although the order of the service has developed over the course of many centuries, we are assured that the author of this liturgy is indeed the Apostle Mark. The most recent text (dating to 1585 during the time of the Greek Patriarch of Alexandria Meletios Pigas) was approved and published by St. Nektarios of Aegina. This liturgy is served once a year in the Greek and Russian Churches.
Divine Liturgy of St. Tikhon
- Main article: Liturgy of St. Tikhon of Moscow
Used by the Western-rite Orthodox of the Antiochian church.
Divine Liturgy of Peter the Apostle
This liturgy is also known as the Sarum Rite; it is used by the Antiochian and ROCOR Western-rite churches.
Divine Liturgy according to St. Germanus of Paris
The Divine Liturgy according to St Germanus of Paris is a restoration of the Gallican liturgy as celebrated in Paris in the sixth century. It is authorized for use by some parishes of the Church of Romania in France.
See also
Published works
- Laverdiere, Eugene. The Eucharist in the New Testament and in the Early Church. (ISBN 0814661521)
- Zizioulas, John D. Eucharist, Bishop, Church: The Unity of the Church in the Divine Eucharist and the Bishop During the First Three Centuries. (ISBN 1885652518)
External links
- Orthodoxy and Transubstantiation
- The Holy Eucharist by Rev. Thomas Fitzgerald from the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America website
- The Orthodox Faith Fr. Thomas Hopko, Dean Emeritus of St. Vladimir's Seminary, Crestwood, NY.
- Theology and Eucharist by Protopresbyter Alexander Schmemann
- Broken but Never Divided: Some Thoughts on "closed" Communion
- Leavened versus Unleavened Bread
- Preparation of the reserved mysteries for the sick


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At J & J Car Sales, we understand that buying a new car can be very stressful and can also be a costly mistake making the wrong choice, we will gladly help you find the car you want in the colour you want and even help you to find the lowest finance rates too.
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text:
LONDON (AP) — Self-styled Druids, new-agers and thousands of revelers have watched the sun rise above the
ancient stone circle at Stonehenge to mark the summer solstice — the longest day of the year in the
northern hemisphere.
English Heritage, which manages the monument, says some 36,000 sun-watchers gathered on the Salisbury
Plain about 80 miles (130 kilometers) southwest of London on Saturday. Police say the event was peaceful
with only 25 arrests, mainly for drug offenses.
Couples kissed, dancers circled with hoops and revelers took part in a mass yoga practice as part of the
free-form celebrations.
Stonehenge was built in three phases between 3000 B.C. and 1600 B.C. and its purpose is remains under
study. An icon of Britain, it remains one of its most popular tourist attractions.


text:
ETCSLtranslation : t.4.07.2 |
1-12. Lady of all the divine powers, resplendent light, righteous woman clothed in radiance, beloved of An and Urac! Mistress of heaven, with the great diadem, who loves the good headdress befitting the office of en priestess, who has seized all seven of its divine powers! My lady, you are the guardian of the great divine powers! You have taken up the divine powers, you have hung the divine powers from your hand. You have gathered up the divine powers, you have clasped the divine powers to your breast. Like a dragon you have deposited venom on the foreign lands. When like Ickur you roar at the earth, no vegetation can stand up to you. As a flood descending upon (?) those foreign lands, powerful one of heaven and earth, you are their Inana. 13-19. Raining blazing fire down upon the Land, endowed with divine powers by An, lady who rides upon a beast, whose words are spoken at the holy command of An! The great rites are yours: who can fathom them? Destroyer of the foreign lands, you confer strength on the storm. Beloved of Enlil, you have made awesome terror weigh upon the Land. You stand at the service of An's commands. 20-33. At your battle-cry, my lady, the foreign lands bow low. When humanity comes before you in awed silence at the terrifying radiance and tempest, you grasp the most terrible of all the divine powers. Because of you, the threshold of tears is opened, and people walk along the path of the house of great lamentations. In the van of battle, all is struck down before you. With your strength, my lady, teeth can crush flint. You charge forward like a charging storm. You roar with the roaring storm, you continually thunder with Ickur. You spread exhaustion with the stormwinds, while your own feet remain tireless. With the lamenting balaj drum a lament is struck up. 34-41. My lady, the great Anuna gods fly from you to the ruin mounds like scudding bats. They dare not stand before your terrible gaze. They dare not confront your terrible countenance. Who can cool your raging heart? Your malevolent anger is too great to cool. Lady, can your mood be soothed? Lady, can your heart be gladdened? Eldest daughter of Suen, your rage cannot be cooled! 42-59. Lady supreme over the foreign lands, who can take anything from your province? {Once you have extended your province over the hills} {(2 mss. have instead:) If you frown at the mountains}, vegetation there is ruined. Their {great gateways} {(1 ms. has instead:) palaces} are set afire. Blood is poured into their rivers because of you, and their people {must drink it} {(2 mss. have instead:) could not drink}. They must lead their troops captive before you, all together. They must scatter their élite regiments for you, all together. They must stand their able-bodied young men at your service, all together. Tempests have filled the dancing-places of their cities. They drive their young men before you as prisoners. Your holy command has been spoken over the city which has not declared "The foreign lands are yours!", wherever they have not declared "It is your own father's!"; and it is brought back under your feet. Responsible care is removed from its sheepfolds. Its woman no longer speaks affectionately with her husband; at dead of night she no longer takes counsel with him, and she no longer reveals to him the pure thoughts of her heart. Impetuous wild cow, great daughter of Suen, lady greater than An, who can take anything from your province? 60-65. Great queen of queens, issue of a holy womb for righteous divine powers, greater than your own mother, wise and sage, lady of all the foreign lands, life-force of the teeming people: I will recite your holy song! True goddess fit for divine powers, your splendid utterances are magnificent. Deep-hearted, good woman with a radiant heart, I will enumerate {your divine powers} {(2 mss. have instead:) good divine powers} {(1 ms. has instead:) holy divine powers} for you! 66-73. I, En-hedu-ana the en priestess, entered my holy jipar in your service. I carried the ritual basket, and intoned the song of joy. But {funeral offerings were} {(1 ms. has instead:) my ritual meal was} brought, as if I had never lived there. I approached the light, but the light was scorching hot to me. I approached that shade, but I was covered with a storm. My honeyed mouth became scum. My ability to soothe moods vanished. 74-80. Suen, tell An about Lugal-Ane and my fate! May An undo it for me! As soon as you tell An about it, An will release me. The woman will take the destiny away from Lugal-Ane; foreign lands and flood lie at her feet. The woman too is exalted, and can make cities tremble. Step forward, so that she will cool her heart for me. 81-90. I, En-hedu-ana, will recite a prayer to you. To you, holy Inana, I shall give free vent to my tears like sweet beer! I shall say to her {"Your decision!"} {(some mss. have instead:) "Greetings!"} Do not be anxious about Acimbabbar. In connection with the purification rites of holy An, Lugal-Ane has altered everything of his, and has stripped An of the E-ana. He has not stood in awe of the greatest deity. He has turned that temple, whose attractions were inexhaustible, whose beauty was endless, into a destroyed temple. While he entered before me as if he was a partner, really he approached out of envy. 91-108. My good divine wild cow, drive out the man, capture the man! In the place of divine encouragement, what is my standing now? May An extradite the land which is a malevolent rebel against your Nanna! May An smash that city! May Enlil curse it! May its plaintive child not be placated by his mother! Lady, with the laments begun, may your ship of lamentation be abandoned in hostile territory. Must I die because of my holy songs? My Nanna has {paid no heed to me} {(1 ms. has instead:) has not decided my case}. He has destroyed me utterly in renegade territory. Acimbabbar has certainly not pronounced a verdict on me. What is it to me if he has pronounced it? What is it to me if he has not pronounced it? He stood there in triumph and drove me out of the temple. He made me fly like a swallow from the window; I have exhausted my life-strength. He made me walk through the thorn bushes of the mountains. He stripped me of the rightful {crown} {(1 ms. has instead:) garment} of the en priestess. He gave me a knife and dagger, saying to me "These are appropriate ornaments for you." 109-121. Most precious lady, beloved by An, your holy heart is great; may it be assuaged on my behalf! Beloved spouse of Ucumgal-ana, you are the great lady of the horizon and zenith of the heavens. The Anuna have submitted to you. From birth you were the junior queen: how supreme you are now over the Anuna, the great gods! The Anuna kiss the ground with their lips before you. But my own trial is not yet concluded, although a hostile verdict encloses me as if it were my own verdict. I did not reach out my hands to {the} {(1 ms. has instead:) my} flowered bed. I did not reveal the pronouncements of Ningal to anybody. My lady beloved of An, may your heart be calmed towards me, the brilliant en priestess of Nanna! 122-138. It must be known! It must be known! Nanna has not yet spoken out! He has said, "He is yours!" Be it known that you are lofty as the heavens! Be it known that you are broad as the earth! Be it known that you destroy the rebel lands! Be it known that you roar at the foreign lands! Be it known that you crush heads! Be it known that you devour corpses like a dog! Be it known that your gaze is terrible! Be it known that you lift your terrible gaze! Be it known that you have flashing eyes! Be it known that you are unshakeable and unyielding! Be it known that you always stand triumphant! That Nanna has not yet spoken out, and that he has said "He is yours!" has made you greater, my lady; you have become the greatest! My lady beloved by An, I shall tell of all your {rages} {(1 ms. has instead:) daises}! I have heaped up the coals in the censer, and prepared the purification rites. The E-ecdam-kug shrine awaits you. Might your heart not be appeased towards me? 139-143. Since it was full, too full for me, great exalted lady, I have recited this song for you. May a singer repeat to you at noon that which was recited to you at dead of night: "Because of your captive spouse, because of your captive child, your rage is increased, your heart unassuaged." 144-154. The powerful lady, respected in the gathering of rulers, has accepted her offerings from her. Inana's holy heart has been assuaged. The light was sweet for her, delight extended over her, she was full of fairest beauty. Like the light of the rising moon, she exuded delight. Nanna came out to gaze at her properly, and her mother Ningal blessed her. The door posts greeted her. Everyone's speech to the mistress is exalted. Praise be to the destroyer of foreign lands, endowed with divine powers by An, to my lady enveloped in beauty, to Inana! |
© Copyright 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 The ETCSL project, Faculty of Oriental Studies, University of Oxford |


text:
Dr. Hector Avalos Comments on his Debate with Dr. William Lane Craig
I greatly hate to disappoint you, but your post contains mainly unsubstantiated claims, and some egregious errors in basic research.
A basic tenet of good research is that you at least check the primary sources. What you have done is to regurgitate comments by Dr. Craig about my previous debate with Dr. Rubel Shelly in 1998, and then assumed that they are correct.
If I am wrong, then could you tell me whether you actually checked the Rubel Shelly debate before you wrote your post?
It is true that I asked Dr. Shelly, in that 1998 debate, to identify some manuscripts of the NT. I did so because HE HAD USED THEM AS PART OF HIS EVIDENCE for the reliability of the NT text. More specifically, he had made the claim that we now had "complete" manuscripts of the NT, and he gave p66 and p75 as examples. He stated:
"Within the last few years, the Bodmer Library of Geneva published an entire copy of the Gospel of John (p66) that dates from about A.D. 200...The entire text of the Gospels of Luke and John, dating from between A.D. 175 and 225, have been published by the Bodmer Library (p75)." (Source: Rubel Shelly, Prepare To Answer [1990], p. 139)
Thus, I expected that he, as a good scholar, would have at least checked to see if his claim was accurate. So I displayed a picture of these manuscripts on the screen before the audience, and asked him if he knew what they were. He did not.
I asked him if they looked complete, even if he did not know what they were. He said that they did not appear complete. Indeed, P75 is not complete, and is quite fragmentary at some points.
Thus, I had most effectively refuted his claim for the audience. Now, could you explain why this would constitute "misconduct" rather than good old-fashioned debating skills?
Indeed, Shelly fared so badly in that debate and his credentials as a biblical scholar were so thoroughly damaged that Craig was brought to Iowa State in 2004 to "bring me down," as they say. But, as you can see, I am still here and thriving.
Second, Dr. Craig completely misrepresented the availability of the manuscripts. Copies and photos of these manuscripts are a standard part of almost any handbook on NT textual criticism and in some Bible encyclopedias. That also means you are truly a very badly misinformed amateur if you don't know this.
Some of the copies I displayed came from Jack Finegan's, Encountering New Testament Manuscripts: A Working Introduction to Textual Criticism (Grand Rapids, MI: W. B. Eerdmans, 1974), p. 105.
So, it is not true that you have to go to some vault to see them. Photos are good enough to see whether the manuscripts are complete or not.
I must say that I also found your evaluation of the debate to be meaningless because you are in no position to evaluate some of arguments that were made in that debate. For example, you refer readers to "Part 2-Dr. Craig whips Hector." That can only be said by someone that does not know biblical studies or Aramaic very well.
Dr. Craig began quite strongly, but ended quite weakly. His closing statement was used to concede, at least twice, that he had made repeated mistakes in his Aramaic as represented in his book, Assessing the New Testament Evidence for the Historicity of the Resurrection of Jesus...).
Dr. Craig tried to minimize these as "quibbles," but that minimization is of no use for those who have read how much at least one of his arguments depends on Aramaic.
If you read his Reasonable Faith (p. 275), you will see that he tries to date Mark to the time of the disciples by using the supposed Galilean Aramaic phrase in Mark 16:2 ("on the first day of the week"). He then uses Mark's supposed direct tie to the disciples' time to support his FACT 1 (Jesus was buried) and FACT 2 (empty tomb).
What he does not tell readers, and what he was trying to get away with at the debate, is that he was passing off non-Galilean and late, or even Medieval, Aramaic texts as first century Galilean Aramaic.
I would hope you see that this is neither good scholarship nor very honest scholarship---not to mention the fact that it makes one of his supporting evidences for his FACT 1 and FACT 2 completely bogus.
He had another misrepresentation in regard to Josephus. Note what he said:
"We learn from Josephus that James was eventually martyred for his faith in Jesus Christ during a lapse in the civil government in the mid 60s." Source: Paul Copan and Ronald K. Tacelli, eds. Jesus' Resurrection: Fact or Figment? (Downer's Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press 2000) p. 190.
Compare this with what Josephus actually says, according to a standard edition of Josephus.
"Ananus thought he had a favorable opportunity...And so he convened the judges of the Sanhedrin and brought before them a man named James, the brother of Jesus who was called the Christ, and certain others. He accused them of having transgressed the law and delivered them up to be stoned." Source: Josephus, Jewish Antiquities XX.200-201. Edition and Translation of L. H. Feldman (Loeb Classical Library: Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1965), pp. 106-109.
So where is the part about James being "martyred for his faith in Jesus Christ?" Of course, it is not there. Josephus says that James was the brother of Jesus, not that James died for his brother Jesus.
Craig injects his idea of what Josephus should have said. And then he uses this invented tradition to buttress his FACT 4 (the origin of the disciples' belief). Similar misrepresentations or outright errors permeate his support of every single one of his 4 FACTS.
Indeed, this sort of shoddy scholarship is really one reason why Dr. Craig is not regarded as much of a scholar outside of his narrow circle of apologists. His function is more to comfort believers than to convert those non-believers who actually know the primary sources well.
I also do not think that Dr. Craig capitalized on his supposed expertise in philosophy. His supposed refutation of "naturalism" seemed to be quite inconsistent once I pointed out that he is quite a naturalist when it comes to the religious claims of other religions, and even to the claim of resurrections in Matthew 27:52-53.
Maybe you can explain to me why he won't call the resurrections in Matthew 27:52-53 "a fact," but calls the resurrection claim in Mark 16:6 a "fact." He certainly did not or could not explain the differences.
So I suppose you will have to be more specific as to where in the audio tape "Dr. Craig whipped Hector" or what specific argument you regard as a refutation of my epistemology or a refutation of the claim that theological propositions cannot be verified.
In fact, if Dr. Craig is the best that the Christian apologetic side could muster, then February 5, 2004 was not good day for apologetics. It showed yet another apologist who was not only quite ineffective against an atheist biblical scholar, but also one who had to virtually admit that his knowledge of primary sources and languages is not really up to standard.
As I said, I am still here and thriving even more after that debate.
Please note also that Dr. Craig might have told an outright falsehood when he said (closing remarks) that his Aramaic mistakes were due to "printer's errors" (Yes, please listen to that audio carefully).
But, his book (Assessing the New Testament Evidence for the Historicity of the Resurrection of Jesus...) was prepared as camera-ready copy, which is not subject to printer's errors if that means mistakes generated when a publisher retyped or reset Dr. Craig's manuscript.
Camera-ready means that a publisher simply photocopies what Dr. Craig provides. Nonetheless, I checked with his publisher who sent the following e-mail response on Feb. 10, 2004:
"Manuscripts presented to The Edwin Mellen Press are required to be 'camera-ready'. Absolutely NO changes are made in the manuscript from the original presented to our office by the author/editor. We print directly from the original hard copy. There is NO possibility of 'printer's errors' within the text. Any errors are the responsibility of the author/editor."
Mistakes are one thing. Everybody, including myself makes them. Telling lies or untruths about your mistakes is another thing, especially if it means that the Christian apologist is supposed to be more ethical and committed to truth than the atheist scholar.
So it looks as if Dr. Craig will have to explain what he meant by "printer's errors" or admit that he was not truthful.
That in itself will speak volumes about his credibility, especially with amateurs like yourself who do not have the scholarly equipment to verify much of anything he is saying anyway.
So, yes, check out Part 2 of that Craig-Avalos debate, and get back to me on the issues I posed above. Specifically, please answer the following questions if you would be so kind:
1. Did you listen to the Shelly debate, or were you just parroting what Dr. Craig said about the Shelly debate at the time you wrote your post?
2. What specifically constitutes misconduct in my refutation of Dr. Shelly's knowledge of manuscripts HE CITED AS EVIDENCE?
3. Have you read Dr. Shelly's book, Prepare to Answer...?
4. How would you describe the honesty and integrity of a person, who repeats things others say without checking the primary sources?
5. Do you think it is proper for a scholar to represent late or even Medieval Aramaic as first century Galilean Aramaic?
6. Do you know Aramaic?
7. Could you determine why Dr. Craig says that he had printer's errors in his book when his publisher indicates printer's errors are not possible when simply photocopying what Dr. Craig gives them?
8. Could you tell me why Dr. Craig does not believe in the historicity of the resurrections reported in Matthew 27:52-53?
9. Do you believe in the historicity of the resurrections reported in Matthew 27:52-53? Why or why not?


text:
If your calendar has the ability to subscribe to an Internet calendar, supply it with the following URL to subscribe to R. G. Herb Condensed Matter Seminar events:
To instead subscribe to all UW Physics events:
To subscribe to a different set of events, go to Events at Physics, click the event series on the left, and then click the link to subscribe.
Directions for iCal users
In iCal, go to File, New Calendar Subscription. Paste the above URL into the Calendar URL
Directions for Office 365 users on the web
Open your calendar in Office
365 on the web. Click on Add calendar in the menu near the
top. Click on Subscribe from Web. Paste the calendar's URL into
Link to the calendar
Directions for Google Calendar users
In Google Calendar, next to "Other calendars" on the left, click the down arrow. Select Add by URL. Enter the calendar's URL in the field provided. Click Add Calendar. The calendar will appear on the left side under "Other calendars."


text:
The primary purpose of life insurance is to provide financial security for families and businesses. But did you know that it also offers a number of tax advantages?
An income tax-free death benefit Generally, your beneficiaries won't have to pay income tax on the death benefits they receive from your life insurance policy.
But there is one caveat: If the policy transferred from one owner to another, it can trigger the transfer-for-value rule, which could negate the policy's tax-exempt status. This usually happens when a policy is transferred between stockholders to fund a buy-sell agreement. There are five exceptions to the transfer-for-value rule, though, that allow you to retain the tax-free death benefit:
Transfer to the insured on the policy
Transfer to the partner of the insured (but not to a co-stockholder)
Transfer to a partnership in which the insured is a partner
Transfer to a corporation in which the insured is a stockholder or officer
Transfer in which the recipient's basis is determined by the transferor's basis
Although life insurance is generally income tax free, it is not necessarily estate tax free. The taxable value of life insurance in your estate is based on the death benefit. If you transfer life insurance to an irrevocable trust or to another person, it will not be included in your taxable estate once three years have elapsed since the transfer. That transfer of life insurance may trigger gift taxes, however.
Tax-deferred growth of policy cash values As interest and dividends are added to the cash value of your life insurance policy, the amounts are generally not subject to taxes until you surrender the policy.
Some types of life insurance, such as whole life policies, pay dividends to the policy-owner. These are not dividends in the usual investment sense; instead, they are considered a return of a portion of your annual premium.
Dividends from whole life insurance can be used to reduce premiums or to buy additional insurance, neither of which triggers taxes.
Dividends taken as cash are not taxable unless the amount of the dividend exceeds the premiums paid.
Dividends reinvested to "accumulate at interest," on the other hand, are an exception to the tax-deferred growth rule, and the interest earned on these dividends is taxable each year.
Unlike whole life insurance, universal life policies do not produce dividends. Instead, interest is applied to the cash values without an immediate income tax impact.
In addition, you can change the type of life insurance product, or your insurance carrier, without triggering a taxable gain. A Section 1035 exchange permits the policy-owner to transfer the cash value of an existing policy to a newly issued policy. You can also transfer life insurance cash values to an annuity tax free.
Tax-advantaged withdrawals from policy cash values Another benefit of life insurance is that it allows you to withdraw your tax basis from your policy before recognizing any gain. This is often called FIFO tax treatment, or "first in, first out." A gain is defined as the amount by which the cash value exceeds the premiums paid into the policy. Premiums for some riders do not qualify as basis, and dividends received in cash generally reduce your basis.
Policy loans. You can also access your cash values through policy loans, which offer several potential advantages:
You do not have to qualify financially for a policy loan.
You can elect to defer interest and principal repayments.
If you die before repaying the loan, it is repaid from your death benefit.
Although policy loans are an attractive benefit, you should not take one without careful planning. If there are outstanding loans at the death of the insured, cash values and death benefits will be reduced. When you take a policy loan, you are borrowing from the insurance company's general fund and putting up your policy's cash value as collateral. If you elect to defer your loan interest, it will be added to the next year's loan principal. If unwatched, your loan may exceed the policy's maximum collateral limit. At that time, if you choose not to make a repayment, the insurance company will recover the amount due from your cash values, potentially resulting in termination of your life insurance. At the lapse of your policy, all taxes on the deferred policy gain are due.
If you plan to use your policy cash values to supplement your retirement, be sure you understand the loan management options your policy offers. To help manage policy lapses caused by loans, some companies offer a feature known as "overloan protection."
Making the most of life insurance tax benefits Of course, there are limits to the amount you can invest in life insurance policies. To discourage abuse of life insurance as a tax shelter, Congress has enacted certain premium limits. The premium limits differ with each type of policy, the amount of the death benefit, and the policy features. An insurance professional can discuss these limits with you and help ensure that you reap the maximum tax benefits from your life insurance policy.
This material has been provided for general informational purposes only and does not constitute either tax or legal advice. Although we go to great lengths to make sure our information is accurate and useful, we recommend you consult a tax preparer, professional tax advisor, or lawyer.
© 2016 Commonwealth Financial Network®


text:
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text:
If writing is an art, then, blogging is one way of using words to come up with an art. This is because people who are into blogging are the ones who are artistic on their own sense, carefully choosing words that would best describe their feelings, sentiments, wishes, desires, and everything.
Basically, blogs were first introduced as weblogs that refer to a "server's log file." It was created when web logging hit the virtual market. Since its inception in the mid-1990s, web logging gradually saturated the virtual community making the Internet a viable source of greater information.
However, with web logging, you still need a web site and domain names, but with blogging, you do not need anything just an account with blog providers. In most cases, these kinds of blogs are free of charge.
With the onset of blogging in the industry, personal journaling had been a common ground for people who wish to be known all over the world. However, not literally famous as this is not a case on being popular or well-known personality.
Generally, blogs are created for personal use. Like a journal, people can write their daily adventures, sentiments, and whatever ideas they want to express online.
Nevertheless, with the advent of the online businesses, blogs had gradually taken the limelight in providing businesses a chance to boost their productivity online. This is where the business blogs have taken the limelight.
Business blogs are, basically, created to advertise the services or products of a certain web site or online business in order to increase online sales.
Moreover, business blogs are also one way of promoting the company so that the other readers will know that a certain company exists online. With blogs, entrepreneurs are able to establish a name in the virtual market through articles that can be very useful in the reader's life.
From there, you can make money out of blogs by simply syndicating it to your business' web site. This can be done through the RSS technology.
So, if you are thinking to create a blog, whether for business or for pleasure, you need to know some tips that could help you get through and make your blog one of the interesting blogs online.
Here's how:
1. Consider your audience
Even if your blog is generally personal, still, it would be better to consider the minds of your readers. You have to think of something that would interest them.
After all, most of the reasons of people who write blogs are not at all confined to their own personal motives. Most of them would love to be "heard" (or read) and would love to be known, in some way or another, even for just a minute. Hence, it is very important to come with a write up that everybody can understand, not necessarily that these people can relate to it but they can understand it.
2. Pictures speaks a thousand words
To make your blogging worth the browsing effort of your readers, it would be extremely nice if you will put some pictures in it. It does not necessarily mean you have to place a picture of yourself. Any photographs will do as long as it does not pose danger or insult to anyone who will be reading your blog.
3. Make constructive and beneficial blogs
Even if you are free to write anything you wan to say to the world, still, it would be better to create some write-ups that would be beneficial to your readers.
After all, its information technology that you have there so better be inclined to provide information rather than sheer quirky entertainment.
4. Avoid making multifaceted and complicated blogs
In order to have an interesting blogs, try not to use some highly technical and highfalutin words. After all, it is not a science discourse or a debate that you are making, so better stick to simple facts and short blogs.
Bear in mind that most people who use the Internet usually do more scanning than scrutinizing each site word for word. Therefore, it would be better to come with blogs that will not bore your readers just because you have these lengthy articles.
5. Make it interactive
As much as possible and if your capacity will allow it, make your blog interactive. Yu can do this by placing some video or audio clips in your blog.
You can even place an area for comments or for some feedbacks. In this way, you can get some impressions or reactions of other people. Who knows, you might even gain some friends just by making them feel at home in your blog site.
Indeed, blogs are not created just for the mere fun of it. It also has its own purpose in the world of the Internet.
Therefore, for people who wish to harness their craft, as far as writing is concerned, blogs are the best way to do it.
As they say, blogging is the contemporary term of creative and commercial writing.


text:
Hubzilla is more than a simple web application. It is a complex communications system which more closely resembles an email server than a web server. For reliability and performance, messages are delivered in the background and are queued for later delivery when sites are down. This kind of functionality requires a bit more of the host system than the typical blog. Not every PHP/MySQL hosting provider will be able to support Hubzilla. Many will but please review the requirements and confirm these with your hosting provider prior to installation.
We've tried very hard to ensure that Hubzilla will run on commodity hosting platforms such as those used to host Wordpress blogs and Drupal websites. It will run on most any Linux VPS system. Windows LAMP platforms such as XAMPP and WAMP are not officially supported at this time however we welcome patches if you manage to get it working.
Where to find more help
If you encounter problems or have issues not addressed in this documentation, please let us know via the Github issue tracker. Please be as clear as you can about your operating environment and provide as much detail as possible about any error messages you may see, so that we can prevent it from happening in the future. Due to the large variety of operating systems and PHP platforms in existence we may have only limited ability to debug your PHP installation or acquire any missing modules, but we will do our best to solve any general code issues.
Before you begin
Choose a domain name or subdomain name for your server
Hubzilla can only be installed into the root of a domain or sub-domain, and can not be installed using alternate TCP ports.
Decide if you will use SSL and obtain an SSL certificate before software installation
You SHOULD use SSL. If you use SSL, you MUST use a "browser-valid" certificate. You MUST NOT use self-signed certificates!
Please test your certificate prior to installation. A web tool for testing your certificate is available at "http://www.digicert.com/help/". When visiting your site for the first time, please use the SSL ("https://") URL if SSL is available. This will avoid problems later. The installation routine will not allow you to use a non browser-valid certificate.
This restriction is incorporated because public posts from you may contain references to images on your own hub. Other members viewing their stream on other hubs will get warnings if your certificate is not trusted by their web browser. This will confuse many people because this is a decentralised network and they will get the warning about your hub while viewing their own hub and may think their own hub has an issue. These warnings are very technical and scary to some folks, many of whom will not know how to proceed except to follow the browser advice. This is disruptive to the community. That said, we recognise the issues surrounding the current certificate infrastructure and agree there are many problems, but that doesn't change the requirement.
Free "browser-valid" certificates are available from providers such as StartSSL and LetsEncrypt.
If you do NOT use SSL, there may be a delay of up to a minute for the initial install script - while we check the SSL port to see if anything responds there. When communicating with new sites, Hubzilla always attempts connection on the SSL port first, before falling back to a less secure connection. If you do not use SSL, your webserver MUST NOT listen on port 443 at all.
If you use LetsEncrypt to provide certificates and create a file under .well-known/acme-challenge so that LetsEncrypt can verify your domain ownership, please remove or rename the .well-known directory as soon as the certificate is generated. Hubzilla will provide its own handler for ".well-known" services when it is installed, and an existing directory in this location may prevent some of these services from working correctly. This should not be a problem with Apache, but may be an issue with nginx or other web server platforms.
There are several ways to deploy a new hub.
- Manual installation on an existing server
- Automated installation on an existing server using a shell script
- Automated deployment using an OpenShift virtual private server (VPS)
Apache with mod-rewrite enabled and "AllowOverride All" so you can use a local .htaccess file. Some folks have successfully used nginx and lighttpd. Example config scripts are available for these platforms in doc/install. Apache and nginx have the most support.
PHP 8.1 or later. Note that on some shared hosting environments, the command line version of PHP might differ from the webserver version
PHP command line access with register_argc_argv set to true in the php.ini file, and with no hosting provider restrictions on the use of exec() and proc_open().
curl, gd (with at least jpeg and png support), pdo-mysql (or pdo-postgres), mbstring, zip, and openssl extensions. The imagick extension is not required, but recommended.
xml extension is required if you want webdav to work.
some form of email server or email gateway such that PHP mail() works.
A supported database server. The supported databases are:
- Mysql version 8.0.22 or later
- MariaDB version 10.4 or later
- PostgreSQL version 12 or later
ability to schedule jobs with cron.
Installation into a top-level domain or sub-domain (without a directory/path component in the URL) is REQUIRED.
Manual Installation
Unpack the Hubzilla files into the root of your web server document area
If you copy the directory tree to your webserver, make sure that you include the hidden files like .htaccess.
If you are able to do so, we recommend using git to clone the source repository rather than to use a packaged tar or zip file. This makes the software much easier to update. The Linux command to clone the repository into a directory "mywebsite" would be:
git clone https://framagit.org/hubzilla/core.git mywebsite
and then you can pick up the latest changes at any time with:
git pull
make sure folders store/[data]/smarty3
and store
exist and are
writable by the webserver:
mkdir -p "store/[data]/smarty3"
chmod -R 777 store
This permission (777) is very dangerous and if you have sufficient
privilege and knowledge you should make these directories writeable
only by the webserver and, if different, the user that will run the
cron job (see below). In many shared hosting environments this may be
difficult without opening a trouble ticket with your provider. The
above permissions will allow the software to work, but are not
The following directories also need to be writable by the webserver in order for certain web-based administrative tools to function:
Official addons
Navigate to your website. Then you should clone the addon repository (separately). We'll give this repository a nickname of 'hzaddons'. You can pull in other hubzilla addon repositories by giving them different nicknames:
cd mywebsite
util/add_addon_repo https://framagit.org/hubzilla/addons.git hzaddons
For keeping the addon tree updated, you should be on your top level website directory and issue an update command for that repository::
cd mywebsite
util/update_addon_repo hzaddons
Create searchable representations of the online documentation. You may do this any time that the documentation is updated :
cd mywebsite
Automated installation via the .homeinstall shell script
There is a shell script in (.homeinstall/hubzilla-setup.sh
) that will install Hubzilla and its dependencies on a fresh installation of Debian 9 stable (Stetch). It should work on similar Linux systems but your results may vary.
The installation script was originally designed for a small hardware server behind your home router. However, it has been tested on several systems running Debian 9:
Home-PC (Debian-9.2-amd64) and Rapberry-Pi 3 (Rasbian = Debian 9.3)
- Internet connection and router at home
- Mini-PC / Raspi connected to your router
- USB drive for backups
- Fresh installation of Debian on your mini-pc
- Router with open ports 80 and 443 for your Debian
Overview of installation steps
apt-get install git
mkdir -p /var/www/html
cd /var/www/html
git clone https://framagit.org/hubzilla/core.git .
nano .homeinstall/hubzilla-config.txt
cd .homeinstall/
service apache2 reload
- Open your domain with a browser and step throught the initial configuration of Hubzilla.
Recommended Addons
We recommend the following addons be installed on all public sites:
nsfw - hide inappropriate posts/comments
superblock - block content from offensive channels
Federation Addons
Several web communities have begun to converge using common protocols. The protocols involved are somewhat limited in their abilities. The GNU-Social protocol for instance offers no privacy modes, and the Diaspora protocol is somewhat restrictive in what kinds of communications are allowed. All comments must be signed in a very unique manner by the original author. The ActivityPub protocol is also being considered and may be supported at a future date. No other existing protocol supports nomadic location as used by this project. This presents some support challenges as some features work with some networks and don't work with others. Nevertheless the federation protocols allow connections to be made to a much larger community of people worldwide. They are provided as addons.
diaspora - The Diaspora Protocol used by Diaspora and Friendica. You should enable 'Diaspora Statistics' (statistics) first to enable all the available features.
gnusoc - The GNU-Social Protocol, used by GNU-Social, Mastodon and several other communities. This addon requires you first install the 'pubsubhubbub' service (also an addon).
Each member of your site must choose whether or not to allow these protocols individually as they may conflict with several desirable core features and abilities of this software (such as channel migration and cloning). They do this from their 'Settings -> Feature/Addon Settings' page. The administrator may also set the following:
util/config system.diaspora_allowed 1
util/config system.gnusoc_allowed 1
and enable these protocols automatically for all newly created channels.
Service Classes
Service classes allow you to set limits on system resources by limiting what individual
accounts can do, including file storage and top-level post limits. Define custom service
classes according to your needs in the .htconfig.php
file. For example, create
a standard and premium class using the following lines:
// Service classes
App::$config['system']['default_service_class']='standard'; // this is the default service class that is attached to every new account
// configuration for standard service class
App::$config['service_class']['standard'] =
array('photo_upload_limit'=>2097152, // total photo storage limit per channel (here 2MB)
'total_identities' =>1, // number of channels an account can create
'total_items' =>0, // number of top level posts a channel can create. Applies only to top level posts of the channel user, other posts and comments are unaffected
'total_pages' =>100, // number of pages a channel can create
'total_channels' =>100, // number of channels the user can add, other users can still add this channel, even if the limit is reached
'attach_upload_limit' =>2097152, // total attachment storage limit per channel (here 2MB)
'chatters_inroom' =>20);
// configuration for premium service class
App::$config['service_class']['premium'] =
array('photo_upload_limit'=>20000000000, // total photo storage limit per channel (here 20GB)
'total_identities' =>20, // number of channels an account can create
'total_items' =>20000, // number of top level posts a channel can create. Applies only to top level posts of the channel user, other posts and comments are unaffected
'total_pages' =>400, // number of pages a channel can create
'total_channels' =>2000, // number of channels the user can add, other users can still add this channel, even if the limit is reached
'attach_upload_limit' =>20000000000, // total attachment storage limit per channel (here 20GB)
'chatters_inroom' =>100);
To apply a service class to an existing account, use the command line utility from the web root:
list service classes
util/config system default_service_class firstclass
set the default service class to 'firstclass'
util/service_class firstclass
list the services that are part of 'firstclass' service class
util/service_class firstclass photo_upload_limit 10000000
set firstclass total photo disk usage to 10 million bytes
util/service_class --account=5 firstclass
set account id 5 to service class 'firstclass' (with confirmation)
util/service_class --channel=blogchan firstclass
set the account that owns channel 'blogchan' to service class 'firstclass' (with confirmation)
Service class limit options
- photo_upload_limit - maximum total bytes for photos
- total_items - maximum total toplevel posts
- total_pages - maximum comanche pages
- total_identities - maximum number of channels owned by account
- total_channels - maximum number of connections
- total_feeds - maximum number of rss feed connections
- attach_upload_limit - maximum file upload storage (bytes)
- minimum_feedcheck_minutes - lowest setting allowed for polling rss feeds
- chatrooms - maximum chatrooms
- chatters_inroom - maximum chatters per room
- access_tokens - maximum number of Guest Access Tokens per channel
Theme management
Repo management example
Navigate to your hub web root
root@hub:/root# cd /var/www
Add the theme repo and give it a name
root@hub:/var/www# util/add_theme_repo https://github.com/DeadSuperHero/redmatrix-themes.git DeadSuperHero
Update the repo by using
root@hub:/var/www# util/update_theme_repo DeadSuperHero
Channel Directory
There is a "tag cloud" of keywords that can appear on the channel directory page. If you wish to hide these keywords, which are drawn from the directory server, you can use the config tool:
util/config system disable_directory_keywords 1
If your hub is in the standalone mode because you do not wish to connect to the global grid, you may instead ensure the the directory_server system option is empty:
util/config system directory_server ""
Site Administration
Administration of the website is commonly done through the admin webpage located at /admin on your website. In order to access this page you must have administration rights to the server. Administration rights are granted to the first account to register on your site, provided the email address of that account exactly matches the email address you provided as the administrator's email address during setup.
There are several ways that this can fail and leave the system without an administrator account, for instance if the first account that was created provided a different email address than the administrator email address that was supplied during setup.
For security reasons there is no web page or interface on the system which will give you administrator access. If you need to correct a situation where a system has no administrator account it must be done by editing the account table in the database. There is no other way. To do this, you will need to locate the entry in the account table which belongs to the desired administrator, and set 'account_roles' for that entry to 4096. You will then be able to access the admin page from your system's profile menu or directly via /admin .
A hub can have multiple admins and there is no limit to how administrators you can have. Repeat the above process for every account you wish to provide with administration rights.
Log files
The system logfile is an extremely useful resource for tracking down
things that go wrong. This can be enabled in the admin/log
configuration page. A loglevel setting of LOGGER_DEBUG
is preferred
for stable production sites. Most things that go wrong with
communications or storage are listed here. A setting of LOGGER_DATA
provides much more detail, but may fill your disk. In either
case we recommend the use of logrotate on your operating system to
cycle logs and discard older entries.
At the bottom of your .htconfig.php file are several lines (commented out) which enable PHP error logging. This reports issues with code syntax and executing the code and is the first place you should look for issues which result in a "white screen" or blank page. This is typically the result of code/syntax problems. Database errors are reported to the system logfile, but we've found it useful to have a file in your top-level directory called dbfail.out which only collects database related issues. If the file exists and is writable, database errors will be logged to it as well as to the system logfile.
In the case of "500" errors, the issues may often be logged in your webserver logs, often /var/log/apache2/error.log or something similar. Consult your operating system documentation.
There are three different log facilities.
The first is the database failure log. This is only used if you
create a file called specifically dbfail.out
in the root folder of
your website and make it write-able by the web server. If we have
any database failed queries, they are all reported here. They
generally indicate typos in our queries, but also occur if the
database server disconnects or tables get corrupted. On rare
occasions we'll see race conditions in here where two processes
tried to create an xchan or cache entry with the same ID. Any other
errors (especially persistent errors) should be investigated.
The second is the PHP error log. This is created by the language processor and only reports issues in the language environment. Again these can be syntax errors or programming errors, but these generally are fatal and result in a "white screen of death"; e.g. PHP terminates. You should probably look at this file if something goes wrong that doesn't result in a white screen of death, but it isn't uncommon for this file to be empty for days on end.
There are some lines at the bottom of the supplied .htconfig.php
file; which if uncommented will enable a PHP error log (extremely
useful for finding the source of white screen failures). This isn't
done by default due to potential issues with logfile ownership and
write permissions and the fact that there is no logfile rotation by
The third is the "application log". This is used by Hubzilla to report what is going on in the program and usually reports any difficulties or unexpected data we received. It also occasionally reports "heartbeat" status messages to indicate that we reached a certain point in a script. This is the most important log file to us, as we create it ourself for the sole purpose of reporting the status of background tasks and anything that seems weird or out of place. It may not be fatal, but maybe just unexpected. If you're performing a task and there's a problem, let us know what is in this file when the problem occurred. (Please don't send me 100M dumps you'll only piss me off). Just a few relevant lines so I can rule out a few hundred thousand lines of code and concentrate on where the problem starts showing up.
These are your site logs, not mine. We report serious issues at any
log level. I highly recommend DEBUG
log level for most sites - which
provides a bit of additional info and doesn't create huge
logfiles. When there's a problem which defies all attempts to track,
you might wish to use DATA
log level for a short period of time to
capture all the detail of what structures we were dealing with at the
time. This log level will use a lot of space so is recommended only
for brief periods or for developer test sites.
I recommend configuring logrotate for both the php log and the application log. I usually have a look at dbfail.out every week or two, fix any issues reported and then starting over with a fresh file. Likewise with the PHP logfile. I refer to it once in a while to see if there's something that needs fixing.
If something goes wrong, and it's not a fatal error, I look at the application logfile. Often I will
tail -f logfile.out
While repeating an operation that has problems. Often I'll insert extra logging statements in the code if there isn't any hint what's going wrong. Even something as simple as "got here" or printing out the value of a variable that might be suspect. You can do this too - in fact I encourage you to do so. Once you've found what you need to find, you can
git checkout file.php
To immediately clear out all the extra logging stuff you added. Use the information from this log and any detail you can provide from your investigation of the problem to file your bug report - unless your analysis points to the source of the problem. In that case, just fix it.
Rotating log files
- Enable the logrot addon in the official hubzilla-addons repo
- Create a directory in your web root called
with webserver write permissions - Go to the logrot admin settings and enter this folder name as well as the max size and number of retained log files.
Reporting issues
When reporting issues, please try to provide as much detail as may be necessary for developers to reproduce the issue and provide the complete text of all error messages.
We encourage you to try to the best of your abilities to use these logs combined with the source code in your possession to troubleshoot issues and find their cause. The community is often able to help, but only you have access to your site logfiles and it is considered a security risk to share them.
If a code issue has been uncovered, please report it on the project bugtracker (https://framagit.org/hubzilla/core/issues). Again provide as much detail as possible to avoid us going back and forth asking questions about your configuration or how to duplicate the problem, so that we can get right to the problem and figure out what to do about it. You are also welcome to offer your own solutions and submit patches. In fact we encourage this as we are all volunteers and have little spare time available. The more people that help, the easier the workload for everybody. It's OK if your solution isn't perfect. Every little bit helps and perhaps we can improve on it.


text:
Genesis Heat Set Oil Paints 6g/ml pot 6g/ml Flesh 06
- Genesis Heat Set Oil Paints 6g/ml pot 6g/ml Flesh 06
- £3.25
Genesis Heat set paints
6ml/6g pot
For painting reborn babies
(Please note these pots are 5ml size and designed to be filled to the threads. They are actually filled to the brim to give you as much paint as possible).
These paints are perfect for painting on vinyl and once heat set will not rub off or fade.
They are perfect when mixed with odourless thinners for painting 'wash like' layers to build up translucent skin tones. Odourless thinners are available in my other listings but can only be posted within the UK.
This jar will last a long time as a little goes a long way. I still haven't used up some of my original 5/6ml jars after reborning many babies!
This colour can be safely mixed with other shades of Genesis heat set paints or Genesis mediums but cannot be mixed with other types of paint.
General colours are graded with the numbers 01 to 08. (01 is the strongest, purest pigment with 08 being the most dilute, paler colours). 01 shades are most expensive with 08 being the least expensive. It can be economical to buy the purest shades and mix your own variations with white.
If you have any questions please do contact me and I will be happy to help!


text:
Kenna Models 1/43 Scale KM19 - Standard Vanguard Van - R. 1/43 Scale White Metal Model by KENNA MODELS. The MODEL is in NEAR MINT condition - previously displayed.
The BOX is in EXCELLENT condition - slightly worn. Limited Edition 1 Of 100. SEE PICTURES FOR BEST DESCRIPTION & GRADING CONDITIONS. MINT - The item is in perfect condition.
NEAR MINT - Almost perfect, any imperfections will be extremely minor. EXCELLENT - The item will have had very careful use, with only small imperfections. GOOD - The item will have had more use, showing obvious imperfections.
FAIR - The item will have heavy signs of wear, showing major imperfections. SPARES or REPAIR - The item will be in a poor condition. We have continued to expand and develop as the retail market and technology has evolved and we are in no doubt we will need to continue with that trend so we hope we have been able to showcase our service and provide you, our customer, with everything you have required.Our aim is to ensure no matter what the model, we will provide an excellent service experience. All that is left to say is Thank You for taking the time to read our page and using our company to assist with your collection and gift needs - every order placed is gratefully received and as important to us as the next.
Kind Regards The RM Toys Team. This item is in the category "Toys & Games\Diecast & Vehicles\Cars, Trucks & Vans\Contemporary Manufacture". The seller is "rmtoysltd" and is located in this country: GB. This item can be shipped worldwide.


text:
We currently cannot display these lyrics for copyright reasons.
We may receive a license to display these lyrics in the future, but at the moment there is no other information available. Thank you in advance for understanding that even if these lyrics are requested, it will be treated as an invalid request. PetitLyrics Copyright Management Team |
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text:
The use of acupuncture is growing in popularity among veterinarians and the practitioners say they are impressed with the results. Only a few decades ago, the use of acupuncture in veterinary medicine was virtually unheard of. In recent years, the use of acupuncture in veterinary medicine has been steadily growing, and success stories like Sampson are driving further interest in veterinary acupuncture. At a recent Western Veterinary Conference (the largest continuing educational conference for veterinarians in the world), an acupuncture wet lab was filled to capacity with veterinarians interested in learning more about this "alternative" therapy.
As interest and application of acupuncture grows in veterinary medicine, practitioners are using the modality for much more than pain control. In fact, acupuncture can be used to help treat allergies, seizures, reproductive problems, and liver and kidney disease.
Acupuncture involves the insertion of small gauge needles to various points on the body in order to cause physiological responses in the body. It can be especially useful in relieving pain. Acupuncture is used in China as a part of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine (TCVM).
The practice of TCVM is an entire medical system which also includes food therapy, herbal prescription medications, massage therapy (known as "tui-na") and addressing emotional, behavioral, and home environmental issues.
Acupuncture works by stimulating nerve endings near acupuncture points. These nerve fibers then conduct impulses to the brain and spinal cord, causing changes in the body that speed healing. Animal owners are showing a growing interest in this field in an effort to find the best care for their pets, especially when conventional medicine and surgery options may not have been successful.
As with any medical treatment, successful veterinary acupuncture depends upon the training, knowledge and skill of the practitioner. Pet owners interested in acupuncture should ask their primary veterinarian for a referral to a well-qualified colleague. Both doctors should have the best interest of the pet as a priority.