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Apples — right off the tree, baked in a pie, pressed into cider or mashed into sauce — are a basic element of American culture. October is the month to celebrate them, thanks, in part, to Johnny Appleseed.
You've probably heard of the legendary character who traveled the Midwest planting trees, but he's not a myth. Johnny Appleseed's real name was John Chapman, and he was born in Massachusetts in either 1774 or 1775.
He was first noticed by history in 1801 when he arrived on horseback at the farm of John Stedden in Licking Creek, Ohio. Stedden thought Chapman was rather eccentric, but he listened to the man's plans to head west and plant apple seeds along the way for future settlers.
Five years later, another Ohio settler encountered Johnny Appleseed. Chapman had lashed two canoes together, filled one with apple seeds and was paddling along the Ohio River. He was barefoot, dressed in rags, and wore a tin pot on his head as a hat. Chapman was doing what he had told Stedden he would, traversing the country, pushing farther west each year. Wherever he found a suitable spot, he planted apple seeds and educated farmers about nurseries and orchards.
Chapman was a vegetarian and, by all accounts, a caring and compassionate — if somewhat odd — man. For more than 40 years, he traipsed the fields and forests from Pennsylvania to Illinois, spreading the word about apples until his death in 1845. A memorial grave site in Fort Wayne, Ind., has a stone marker bearing the motto, "He lived for others."
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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Have you created a website with a Xara product that you'd like to share? [moderated]
Use this control to limit the display of threads to those newer than the specified time frame.
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Order threads in...
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subset: commoncrawl


text: If you're looking for the best restaurant in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern it is not as easy as you might think, especially if you don't have a clue where to start. There is usually a fairly large selection of restaurants and it would be quite difficult to test all of them yourself. Different cities and countries have different culinary enjoyments and restaurants in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern are no exception. To get on top of things we've collected comprehensive information for you to have a incorruptible and fair quality check. Not only will you find broad descriptions about restaurants in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern but also about other countries, metropolises, and cities worldwide. Amongst other things there is the possibility to have the best restaurants of a particular city or country displayed. If you are looking for restaurants in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern you just enter it inside the search field or you select the suitable one out off an overview. The results or rankings will show which restaurant is worth a visit.


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About This Site Daily Musings News News Archive Site Resources Concept Art Halo Bulletins Interviews Movies Music Miscellaneous Mailbag HBO PAL Game Fun The Halo Story Tips and Tricks Fan Creations Wallpaper Misc. Art Fan Fiction Comics Logos Banners Press Coverage Halo Reviews Halo 2 Previews Press Scans Community HBO Forum Clan HBO Forum ARG Forum Links Admin Submissions Uploads Contact
A number of Bungie employees and related persons have been interviewed over the years about Halo - here, then, is a compiled list of those interviews. In cases where the interview is no longer available at the original site, we've endeavored to make it available here.
We are NOT Bungie, Inc.! Bungie Inc. are bungie.net! Halo © Bungie Inc., 1999-2012, Microsoft 2012-2024 Intellectual © halo.bungie.org, 1999-2024


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Born Vincent Shrotenbach in Vienna in 1890, he initially received training on violin, but subsequently switched to trumpet when he heard its majestic sound. Although Vincent also displayed a strong aptitude for science and graduated with an engineering degree, he gave up a promising career to pursue his first love and an uncertain future as a musician. Performing under the stage name, Vincent Bach, he established musical success as he toured throughout Europe.
World War I forced Vincent's move to New York City where he arrived with only $5.00 in his pocket. A letter to the famous conductor Karl Muck procured Vincent an audition and a resulting position with the Boston Symphony. By the following season, he was first trumpet in the Metropolitan Opera House. While on tour in Pittsburgh, Vincent's mouthpiece was ruined by a repairman. Vincent had great difficulty in finding a suitable replacement. While on furloughs, he spent time in the basement of the Selmer Music store remodeling old mouthpieces.
In 1918, with the investment of $300 for a foot-operated lathe, Vincent went into the business of making mouthpieces. The business grew rapidly and in 1924, the first Bach trumpets were produced. Musicians frequently referred to a Bach trumpet as a real 'Stradivarius', thus inspiring the name Bach Stradivarius. Bach later added trombones to his line around 1928.
At the age of 71, Vincent sold his company. Although he received twelve other offers, including some that were higher, Vincent chose to sell to the Selmer Company. In 1964, the tooling and machinery for Bach instruments was moved from Mount Vernon to their current home in Elkhart, Indiana. Today, these instruments continue to embody the highest standards of craftsmanship and adhere to Vincent's original designs and blueprints.


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The STA Blog - Tag: Record highs
The views and opinions expressed on the STA's blog do not necessarily represent those of the Society of Technical Analysts (the "STA"), or of any officer, director or member of the STA. The STA makes no representations as to the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of any information on the blog or found by following any link on blog, and none of the STA, STA Administrative Services or any current or past executive board members are liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses, injuries, or damages arising from its display or use. None of the information on the STA's blog constitutes investment advice.


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The emission and exhaust system starts at the engine of your car, truck, or SUV and runs through exhaust pipes connected to your engine cylinders, to the oxygen sensors and the catalytic converter, and then to the muffler and to the tailpipe.
This is the basic flow:
- Exhaust pipes collect exhaust gases
- Oxygen sensors analyze the gases and send the information to the vehicle's computer
- The catalytic converter refines the gases into less harmful gases and water vapor
- The muffler directs the gases through a series of baffles that reduce noise and help the engine run smoother
Because the emission and exhaust system is mounted to the bottom of your vehicle, it is subject to some abuse from potholes, rough roads, and the like. Exhaust gases contain carbon monoxide and other substances which can be dangerous if they are flowing into the passenger compartment. It is a good idea to have your emission and exhaust system checked about once a year to ensure it is functioning safely and quietly. This examination is included in AAMCO's 36-point ProtectCheck®. If you are experiencing any of the symptoms of exhaust system problems for example, noises like a steady roar, rattling, hissing, metallic vibrations or colored smoke from the tailpipe, have your vehicle checked as soon as possible.
AAMCO Everett, WA Emission & Exhaust System Services include the following components:
- Catalytic converter
- Oxygen sensor
- EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) Valves and Sensors
- Muffler
- Exhaust pipes
- Exhaust manifold
- Resonator
- Tail pipes
- Brackets, clamps, and hardware
12 Reviews
AAMCO Everett, WA
2801 Rucker Avenue, Everett, WA 98201View Map
Monday - Friday | 08:00 AM - 05:00 PM
Saturday | Closed


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Here you can find all the businesses and traders related to kitchens which you can find in our business directory. where you can find a high range of kitchen and bathroom furniture: counters, cupboards and many other items.
In all styles: Rustic, classic, modern etc. With all the best materials at maximum quality and best prices. Noble woods like: pine, oak, ash, cherry wood. Exclusive designs done by computer
Also, you can find all types of accessories, for sinks, shelves, cupboards with blinds, cupboards with diagonal doors, handrails, niches, metals bars for high cupboards, wicker baskets, buckets, interior draws, tables, seats etc
Manufacturers and wholesalers of kitchen furniture and bathroom
Nowadays there are no Kitchens in the Ulea's business directory.
Note: If you wish to advertise on Ulea´s Business Directory, , send us an e-mail at firstname.lastname@example.com
Use the following forum to deal with themes related to Kitchens in Ulea; kitchen, bathroom, exposure, furniture, household appliances, home, style, modern class, rustic, forms, noble woods, pine, oak, ash, cheery wood, PVC, completion, design, exclusive, worktop, counter, accessories, hinges, shelves, handrails, drawers, manufacture, wholesales, etc.
Please read the rules of use carefully before taking part.
There are no messages in this forum | |


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University regulations
Your most important rights and obligations as a student are laid down in the Student charter. How this statute is implemented is detailed in various faculty and educational regulations, for example your study programme's Education and Examination Regulations (OER in Dutch).
In addition to the Student Charter and the OER, the University Regulations also contain regulations such as Regulations for student registration, tuition fees and examination fees, Regulations on binding study advice, Regulations for the use of University buildings, grounds and other facilities, Privacy Regulations, Complaints Regulations etc.
To access these, and many other university regulations, visit our regulations webpage.


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Two people I love are having a birthday this week and as much as I wanted to make something special for each of them, work decided to get in the way big time. Not complaining, just saying, and that's why I am so late updating this week. Thus, I find myself asking them to share this Raspberry Rose Vanilla Cream Cake. I know they won't mind because they already share so much. One is my wonderful mother and the other one is my (now) three year-old beautiful niece. Joyeux Anniversaire les filles!
It bugs me to say that I don't see enough of my niece but a trip to France has not been quite feasible in the past couple of years. I do get to hear a lot about her and her personality through my mom's reports and pictures my brother sends me. Her sister is just like me and she seems to be more like her dad. Oy! If they keep the ressemblance going, teenage years are going to suck for him big time because we were anything but pleasant to each other!!
While I did make a batch of saffron macarons for my mother, (which we devoured for her, eheheh!) I wanted to find something they could both enjoy, albeit virtually. Not sure little C. is ready for saffron yet, although given how talented a cook my brother is, I would not be surprised!
My mother makes me think of apricots and lavender and she is as soft and delicious as a raspberry mousse tarts (Yes, my mom is delicious). My baby niece on the other hand makes me think of cream and vanilla. Soft as a rose too. A Raspberry Rose and Vanilla Bavarian Cream Cake!
The cake is composed of almond dacquoise slightly enhanced with a bit of rose water and layered with layers of jelled raspberry puree and vanilla bean scented bavarian cream. I added a simple lemon glaze on top to bring forth all the flavors. While it may look complicated and time consuming it is not, I assure you. I made the dacquoise and the raspberry layers one evening and the bavarian cream and assembly the next day. The only difficult part would be to resist the bavarian cream before it actually makes it into the cake!
A year ago: Cashew Gateau With Coffee Cardamom Mousse
Raspberry Rose Vanilla Bavarian Cream Cake:
Serves 8 to 10
For the almond rose dacquoise:
1 1 /2 cups (160gr) almonds
1 cup (100gr) powdered sugar, unsifted
1/4 cup (30gr) all-purpose flour
6 egg whites
1/2 cup (100gr) granulated sugar
2 teaspoons rose water
For the raspberry layers:
2 tablespoons powdered gelatin
1/4 cup cold water
4 cups frozen raspberries
1/2 cup sugar
For the vanilla bavarian cream:
8 egg yolks
1/2 cup (100 gr) sugar
2 cups (500 ml) whole milk
1 vanilla bean
2 tablespoons powdered gelatin, sprinkled over 1/4 cup water
2 cups (500ml) heavy cream
Lemon glaze: (prepare once the cake is set)
1/4 cup (60ml) lemon juice
2 tablespoons (15gr) water
2 tablespoons (25gr) sugar
1 teaspoon powdered gelatin sprinkled over 2 teaspoons water
Prepare the dacquoise:
Preheat the oven to 350F and position a rack in the oven.
In a food processor, pulse the almonds and the powdered sugar together until finely ground. Sift the flour over the mix and reserve. In a stand mixer fitted with the whisk attachment, beat the eggs whites on medium speed until foamy. Gradually add the sugar while whipping the egg whites on high speed until stiff. Add the almond-flour mixture to the egg whites and fold gently with a spatula. Halfway through the process, add the rose water and continue to fold until smooth. Try to keep as much air as possible.
Line two quarter sheet pans with parchment paper, coast slightly with cooking spray and divide the batter among both pans and bake for 12 to 15 minutes, or until golden. Let cool. Inver the pans onto a cutting board and slowly peel off the parchment paper.
Prepare the raspberry layers:
Line two quarter sheet pans with parchment paper.
Sprinkle the gelatin over the cold water and reserve.
In a large saucepan set over medium low heat, bring the raspberrries and sugar to a simmer and cook until the berries are completely thawed and reduced to a puree (smash them down with a spoon if necessary) and the sugar is dissolved. Remove from the heat and add the gelatin, stirring until it completely dissoved in the raspberries. Pour over the prepared sheet pans. Let cool to room temperature and then freeze until firm.
Prepare the Bavarian cream:
In a large bowl, whisk the egg yolks with the sugar until very pale. In the meantime, in a large saucepan set over medium heat, bring the milk and the vanilla bean (split open and scraped over the milk) to a boil. Slowly pour the milk over the yolks, whisking constantly. Pour the mixture back into the saucepan over medium low heat and cook until the cream coats the back of a spoon (as if making creme anglaise). Remove the vanilla bean. Add the softened gelatin and stir until melted completely into the cream. Let cool to room temperature.
Whip the heavy cream to soft peaks and fold it into the cooled cream base. Use immediately.
Prepare the lemon glaze:
In a small saucepan set over medium high heat, bring the lemon juice, water and sugar to a simmer and cook until the sugar is dissolved and the liquid is hot. Remove from the heat and add the softened gelatin. Stir until it is completely dissolved. Let cool to room temperature.
To assemble:
Line a 8×8 or 9×9-inch sqaure baking pan with enough plastic wrap to have about 2 inches overhanging on all sides (easier to pick up to unmold once the cake is set). By all means, use a square frame if you have one instead and build your cake directly in the frame set on a sheet pan.
Cut one of the dacquoise to fit inside the cake pan and place it at the bottom. Remove the raspberry jelly from the freezer and cut a piece to fit inside the cake pan also. Place it on top of the dacquoise layer. Pour a little less than half of the bavarian cream on top of the raspberry layer (you want to keep a little bavarian for the very top layer). Repeat with a layer of dacquoise, a layer of raspberry jelly, a little less than the other half of the bavarian cream. Use the remaining cake cut outs to form a final layer of dacquoise. Smooth the remaining bavarian cream in one thin layer on top. Refrigerate the cake until completely set, about 2 to 4 hours or overnight. Once it is firm, spread the lemon glaze on top. Place the cake back in the fridge and let it set for about 30 minutes. Keep refrigerated until ready to serve. To plate, remove the cake from the pan by lifting all four corners of the plastic wrap and trim the edges.


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Our Privacy Policy
Because we value you as our customer, we want to address any privacy concerns you may have. To that end, we have set forth our privacy policy for handling the information you share with us online and through any documentation submitted as part of a real estate transaction with Briggs Freeman Sotheby's International Realty. We want your decision to do business with us to be an informed one. We have adopted this Privacy Policy to explain what information may be collected when you utilize our applications and services, how we use this information, and under what circumstances we may disclose the information to affiliates and third parties. You should review this Privacy Policy frequently, as it may change from time to time without notice. Any changes will be effective immediately upon the posting of the revised Privacy Policy.
1. Collecting Information
When you visit our consumer applications or purchase and/or sell real estate with Briggs Freeman Sotheby's International Realty, we may collect information about you that you share with us. We typically collect two kinds of information about you through our applications and real estate services: (a) information that you provide that personally identifies you; and (b) information that does not personally identify you, which we automatically collect when you visit our applications or that you provide to us.
a. Personally Identifiable Information: This identification information may include, but is not limited to, your name, physical address, email address, telephone, mobile and fax numbers, details of your real estate, lending, title and insurance needs and references, and other details of your life ("Personal Information").
b. Non-Personally Identifiable Information: Our definition of non-personally identifiable information is any information that does not personally identify you ("Non-PII"). Non-PII can include certain personally identifiable information that has been de-identified; that is, information that has been rendered anonymous by a de-identification process. We obtain Non-PII about you from information that you affirmatively provide to us, either separately or together with your personally identifiable information. We also automatically collect certain Non-PII from you when you access any applications. This information can include, among other things, IP addresses, the type of browser you are using, the third-party website from which your visit originated, the operating system you are using, the domain name of your Internet service provider, the search terms you use on our applications, the specific web pages you visit, the duration and frequency of your visits, and location information.
c. Cookies, Web Beacons and other Tracking Technologies: As you may be aware, it is a common practice that when you visit our consumer applications, we may collect data through the use of cookies, web beacons or other tracking technologies (i.e. small text files placed on your computer by consumer applications), web server logs, and other web tools. This technology allows us to customize your online experience as well as track your use of our system so that we can improve your experience. The tracking data we collect may include, but is not limited to, the date, time and location of your visit, the time you spend, the web pages you view, the other consumer applications you visit, your search queries, and basic information about your computer, such as your Internet Protocol ("IP") address, your domain name, your browser type, and the name of your internet service provider. By continuing to browse our site, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. Most web browsers automatically accept cookies, but will also provide controls that allow you to block or delete them. Instructions for blocking or deleting cookies are generally available in your browser's privacy or help documentation. If you choose to delete cookies, some settings and preferences controlled by those cookies, including advertising preferences, will be deleted and may need to be recreated. You may deactivate cookies if you do not want your browsing to be tracked.
When visiting our consumer-facing applications, you may be directed, through hyperlinks, to other consumer applications that are beyond our control. This Privacy Policy does not cover the collection of information by those other companies and consumer applications. Although we encourage third parties to provide their own privacy policies, we are not responsible for their activities, such as how they handle the information they collect online.
2. How We Use & Share Information Collected
a. Personal Information: We primarily use the identification information you voluntarily share with us to:
- Customize your online and/or real estate transaction experiences and to carry out your online requests;
- Tell you about our products, services and other offerings;
- Contact you for a variety of reasons, such as providing you promotional or marketing information for our products or those of our affiliated companies;
- Communicate with you about your real estate transaction;
- In certain instances, we may also share your personally identifiable information with our third-party vendors and marketing partners that, among other activities: perform functions on our behalf (or on behalf of our affiliated companies); administer our offerings; provide us marketing or promotional assistance; analyze our data; assist us with customer service; and offer other services and products that may be relevant to the purchase or sale of real estate. Our vendors agree to use this information, and we share information with them, only to carry out our requests;
- On occasion, we use your identification information to validate your identity;
- As for usage tracking data, we primarily use that information to operate and improve our consumer applications, and to further our marketing efforts.
You may opt-out from receiving future promotional or marketing information from us, our affiliated companies, and our third-party vendors, or direct that we not share your information with any affiliated companies or third-party vendors, as set forth below in Section 7. Except as provided in this Privacy Policy, our Terms of Use, or as set forth when you submit the information, your personally identifiable information will not be sold to any third parties or used in any manner outside the scope of this Privacy Policy without your prior approval. We further reserve the right to disclose your information under limited circumstances, such as to cooperate with law enforcement or judicial authorities as required by law or legal process, to protect our own legal rights, or to protect the public good.
b. Non-PII: We use Non-PII in a variety of ways, including to:
- Help analyze site traffic, understand customer needs and trends;
- Carry out targeted promotional activities;
- Improve our services and offerings.
We may use your Non-PII by itself or aggregate it with information we have obtained from others. We may share your Non-PII with our affiliated companies and third parties to achieve these objectives and others, but remember that aggregate information is anonymous information that does not personally identify you.
Whenever you are online or on our applications, you run the risk that the information you provide will fall into the wrong hands. Although we implement and maintain commercially reasonable security procedures and practices to safeguard your privacy, we cannot guarantee the security of any information you provide to us. We accept no responsibility or liability for the activities of third parties. By using our consumer applications and applications, you agree to our Terms of Use.
3. Updating Information
If you would like to review the information about you that we have collected through our consumer applications, or to change that information, you can make that request by following the procedure indicated below in Section 7. We may require that you verify your identity before we process your request.
4. Processing Location
We process your personal information in the United States. For users located outside of the United States, please see Sections 10 and 11 titled International Users and European Union Residents and General Data Protection Regulation Information for more detailed information.
5. Anti-Fraud Disclosure
Electronic communications such as email, text messages and social media messaging, are neither secure nor confidential. While Briggs Freeman Sotheby's International Realty has adopted policies and procedures to aid in avoiding fraud, even the best security protections can still be bypassed by unauthorized parties. Briggs Freeman Sotheby's International Realty will never send you any electronic communication with instructions to transfer funds or to provide nonpublic personal information, such as credit card or debit numbers or bank account and/or routing numbers.
If you receive any electronic communication directing you to transfer funds or provide nonpublic personal information, EVEN IF THAT ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION APPEARS TO BE FROM Briggs Freeman Sotheby's International Realty or its affiliates, do not respond to it and immediately contact your real estate agent or title closer. Such requests, even if they may otherwise appear to be from Briggs Freeman Sotheby's International Realty, are likely part of a scheme to defraud you by stealing funds from you or using your identity to commit a crime.
To notify Briggs Freeman Sotheby's International Realty of suspected fraud related to your real estate transaction, send an email to firstname.lastname@example.com.
6. Updating Our Privacy Policy
We may, from time to time, change our Privacy Policy. We will notify you of any changes by posting our updated Privacy Policy on our consumer applications and inserting a new "Effective Date."
7. Contacting & Opt-Out Information
You may contact us as at email@example.com if: (a) you have questions or comments about our Privacy Policy; (b) wish to make corrections to any personally identifiable information you have provided; (c) want to opt-out from receiving future commercial correspondence, including emails, from us, our affiliated companies or third parties; or (d) wish to withdraw your consent to sharing your personally identifiable information with others.
We will respond to your request and, if applicable and appropriate, make the requested change in our active databases as soon as reasonably practicable. Please note that requests may take up to 30 days and we may not be able to fulfill certain requests while allowing you access to certain benefits and features of our services.
8. Effective Date and Contact Information:
This Privacy Policy is effective as of 01/01/2021. Our company can be reached at:
Address: 3131 Turtle Creek Blvd 5th Floor Dallas Texas 75219
Telephone Number: (214) 350-0400
Email Address: email@example.com
9. California Privacy Rights
Under California law, California residents have the right to request in writing from businesses with whom they have an established business relationship (1) a list of categories of personal information, such as name, address, e-mail address, and the type of services provided to the customer, that a business has disclosed to third parties [including affiliates that are separate legal entities] during the immediately preceding calendar year for the third parties' direct marketing purposes and (2) the names and addresses of all such third parties.
To request the above information please contact us by writing to email@example.com.
10. International Users
Our consumer applications are hosted by servers in the United States. If you are located outside of the United States, your personal information may be transferred to the United States. By submitting your personal information, you consent to its transfer to the United States and to its storage, processing, and use there in accordance with this Privacy Policy.
11. European Union Residents and General Data Protection Regulation Information
Our applications and/or real estate services are not targeted towards, directed to or intended as solicitations to consumers in the European Union on a widespread basis. However, in the event that the General Data Protection Regulation "GDPR" (a privacy law applicable to consumers residing in the European Economic Union) is applicable to a specific transaction and/or a specific consumer, any such consumer has the below rights.
a. Right of access. You have the right to obtain from us confirmation as to whether or not Personal Information concerning you is processed, and to request access to the Personal Information.
b. Right to correct or update. You have the right to correct or update inaccurate Personal Information about you.
c. Right to restrict processing. Under certain circumstances, you have the right to restrict the processing of your Personal Information. In such instances, your Personal Information may only be processed by us for limited purposes.
d. Right to object Under certain circumstances, you have the right to object to the use or processing of your Personal Information where we no longer have a legitimate or legal need to process it; to object to your Personal Information being processed for direct marketing purposes; and object to automated decision making (including profiling) where the decision would have a legal or similarly significant impact on you.
e. Right to data portability. Under certain circumstances, you have a right to receive a copy of your Personal Information, which you have provided to us, in a machine-readable format and the right to transmit that Personal Information for use in another party's service.
f. Right to be forgotten. Under certain circumstances, you have the right to request that your Personal Information be erased. Some Personal Information may be in backup archives and/or must be retained for legal or compliance reasons.
To make any of these requests, please follow the instructions outlined in Section 7. We may require that you verify your identity to the exercise of any of these rights. Under certain circumstances, and in the event of a data breach involving your Personal Information that is likely to result in a risk to your rights and freedoms, we are required to notify the applicable supervisory authority within 72 hours after becoming aware of such a breach.
If you have been referred to our Company by a third party corporate client or a relocation services company, our Company is acting as a "Data Processor" under the direction of such corporate client or relocation services company, which are deemed "Data Controllers" under GDPR. The Data Controller is responsible for telling our company how your Personal Information should be used or processed in those specific transactions.


text:
Gene Abair Alcoholism Collection
After joining Alcoholics and Anonymous in Springfield to regain control over his life, Gene Abair emerged a new man. And a bibliophile. A janitor with a limited education, Abair began to collect books relating to alcoholism and temperance, eventually devoting himself to making his growing collection available to alcoholics and non-alcoholics alike as a lending library. The collection was acquired by UMass in 1972 with the assistance of Abair's friend, Mrs. Walter E. Carlson, and about 100 titles (of over 400) were transferred to SCUA.
The Abair Collection includes works on the physiology, psychology, ethics, and social history of alcohol consumption from the mid-19th through the mid-twentieth centuries. Among other items, it includes key works on medical aspects of inebriety, personal narratives and biographies of temperance leaders and alcoholics, and books on the formal temperance movement and prohibition.


text:
Lyle & Scott
Lyle & Scott Club Mens XL Polo Shirt Cotton Mins Detailed Buttons Stretch
Lyle & Scott Club Mens XL Polo Shirt Cotton Mins Detailed Buttons Stretch
For sale Canterbury Of New Zealand Mens XL (M) Polo Shirt
| Material: 100% Cotton
| Size from label: XL (M/L in my opinion)
| Condition: 5+/6
Dimensions: inches / cm
Chest (underarm to underarm): -21.5 inch/54.6cm
Length (top of the shoulder to bottom hem)- 28 inch/71cm
6/6 - perfect condition. No signs of used
5+/6 - near perfect condition - barely visible signs of used.
5/6 - very good condition - normal, little signs of used.
4/6 - good condition. may have little spots of dirt, small holes itp.
100% Satisfaction or money back guarantee - If you're not utterly obsessed with your recent purchase, it's now so easy to send it back. If you have any questions please contact us.
quick answers
How we measure clothes
At Retrospect Clothes, we take great care in ensuring that the measurements of our clothing items are accurate and consistent. To ensure a proper fit, we recommend comparing the measurements provided on our website to those of a similar item in your own wardrobe. Check our size guide
How long does it take to deliver
At Retrospect Clothes, we pride ourselves on prompt and efficient shipping. All orders are shipped via trackable air mail from our location in Poland within 48 hours of placement. Our estimated delivery time for European countries is 3-10 working days and for worldwide is 8-25 working days. This ensures that your purchase arrives in a timely manner, and that you can track the progress of your shipment. If you have any questions or concerns, please do not hesitate to reach out to our customer service team.
Quality policy
At Retrospect Clothes, we are committed to providing our customers with the highest quality designer clothing. Our team handpicks each item and conducts a thorough 3-phased quality control process to ensure that all garments are in excellent condition. We understand the importance of customer satisfaction and offer a 100% satisfaction guarantee, or your money back. In the unlikely event that an item does not meet your expectations, we offer free returns for any defects that were not mentioned in the description. We are dedicated to providing exceptional customer service and strive to ensure that every shopping experience is seamless and enjoyable. Thank you for choosing Retrospect Clothes.


text:
Every good pair of eyes eventually gets old and with age comes a condition called presbyopia. Presbyopia, which usually begins to set in some time around 40, occurs when the lens of the eye begins to stiffen, making near vision (such as reading books, menus, and computer screens) blurry. You may have this age-related farsightedness if you notice yourself holding the newspaper further and further away in order to make out the words, and you may begin to experience headaches or eyestrain as well.
The good news is, presbyopia is very common. It happens to most of us eventually and these days there are a number of good options to correct it. First of all, let's take a look at what causes the condition.
What Causes Presbyopia?
As the eye ages, the natural lens begins to lose its elasticity as the focusing muscles (the ciliary muscles) surrounding the lens have difficulty changing the shape of the lens. The lens is responsible for focusing light that comes into the eye onto the retina for clear vision. The hardened or less flexible lens causes the light which used to focus on the retina to shift its focal point behind the retina when looking at close objects. This causes blurred vision.
Presbyopia is a progressive condition that gets worse with time. It is a refractive error just like myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness) and astigmatism.
Signs of presbyopia include:
- Blurred near vision
- Difficulty focusing on small print or close objects
- Eyestrain, headaches or fatigue, especially when reading or doing close work
- Holding reading material at a distance to see properly
- Needing brighter light to see close objects
Presbyopia can be diagnosed through an eye exam.
Treatments for Presbyopia
There are a number of options for presbyopia treatment which include glasses, contact lenses or surgery.
The most common form of correction is eyeglasses. Reading glasses adjust the focal point of the target to reduce the focusing demand on the eyes. A side effect of the convex lenses is that they also magnify the target. For some, reading glasses are sufficient to improve close vision. Others, especially those with another refractive error, require more complex lenses.
Bifocal or multifocal lenses, including progressive addition lenses (PALs), offer a solution for those with nearsightedness or farsightedness. These lenses have two or more prescriptions within the same lens, usually in different areas, to allow correction for distance vision and near vision within the same lens. While bifocals and standard multifocals typically divide the lenses into two hemispheres (or more), requiring the patient to look in the proper hemisphere depending on where they are focusing, with an unattractive contour calling attention to the presbyopia portion of the lens, progressive lenses provide a progressive transition of lens power creating a smooth, gradual change. Some people prefer progressive lenses for aesthetic reasons as they don't have a visible line dividing the hemispheres.
Contact Lenses
Like glasses, contact lenses are also available in bifocal and multifocal lenses. Alternatively, some eye doctors will prescribe monovision contact lens wear, which divides the vision between your eyes. Typically it fits your dominant eye with a single vision lens for distance vision and your weaker eye with a single vision lens for near vision. Sometimes your eye doctor will prescribe modified monovision which uses a multifocal lens in the weaker eye to cover intermediate and near vision. Newer contact lens technology is making both lenses multifocal, and therefore doctors are becoming less dependent on monovision. Sometimes monovision takes a while to adjust to.
Based on your prescription, your eye doctor will help you decide which option is best for you and assist you through the adjustment period to determine whether this is a feasible option. Since there are so many baby boomers with presbyopia nowadays, the contact lens choices have expanded a lot within recent years.
There are a few surgical treatments available for presbyopia. These include monovision LASIK surgery (which is a refractive surgery that works similar to monovision glasses or contact lenses), corneal inlays or onlays (implants placed on the cornea), refractive lens exchange (similar to cataract surgery, this replaces the old, rigid lens with a manufactured intraocular lens), and conductive keratoplasty (which uses radio waves to reshape the cornea in a noninvasive procedure).
Medication - On the Horizon
There are currently clinical trials with promising early results that are testing eye drops that restore the flexibility of the human lens. It could be possible that in the near future eye drop prescriptions could be used to reduce the amount of time that people have to use reading glasses or contact lenses.
These procedures vary in cost, recovery and outcome. If you are interested in surgery, schedule a consultation with a knowledgeable doctor to learn all of the details of the different options.
As people are living longer, presbyopia is affecting a greater percentage of the population and more research is being done into treatments for the condition. So if your arm is getting tired from holding books so far away, see your eye doctor to discuss the best option for you.


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Roses Gerbera Basket
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Flowers: How to Lengthen the Life of Your Arrangement
A little extra care can make a big difference for any size flower arrangement or fresh flower bouquet.
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Your flowers may take up to 24 hours after being placed in water to reach their full potential. Strip off all excess foliage and leaves below the water level to reduce and harmful bacteria within the water. Bacteria can block the stem and stop the flowers taking up the water
Keep the vase filled (or floral foam soaked) with water
If possible, re-cut stems by removing one to two inches with a sharp knife. Be sure to use a sharp knife or clippers that will not crush the stems. Immediately place the stems in water.
Keep flowers in a cool spot (65 to 72 degrees Fahrenheit), away from direct sunlight, heating or cooling vents, directly under ceiling fans, or on top of televisions or radiators. (Appliances like televisions give off heat, which causes flowers to dehydrate.) Most flowers will last longer under cool conditions.
Keep the vase, container or liner filled with fresh water. Even if the container has floral foam, you should keep the water level high to promote long lasting flowers.
Flowers like their stems trimmed. So, trim them, at an angle with a knife (rather than scissors) by an inch or so. When trimming stems, always cut at an angle of roughly 45degrees; this increases the surface area allowing your flowers to absorb more water.
Every few days, remove the flowers from the vase and re-cut the stems. Remove 3/4" to one inch from the bottom of the stem and be sure to cut the stem at an angle to allow the flower the best chance to take up water. Use a sharp knife or sharp floral cutter or scissor. Avoid smashing or piercing the stems, as this can destroy the water vessels in the stem and prevent water absorption. Remove any spent or damaged blooms or foliage that falls below the waterline in the vase.
For loose bunches or boxed flowers:
Keep your flowers in a cool place until you can get them in water.
Fill a clean (washed with a detergent or antibacterial cleaning solution), deep vase with water.
Remove leaves that will be below the waterline. Leaves in water will promote bacterial microbial growth that may limit water uptake by the flower.
Re-cut stems by removing one to two inches with a sharp knife. Place the flowers in the vase you've prepared.


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Friday, December 12, 2008
34 A Petition To the Bicycle Industry On Safety Of Products
34 comments:
- Anonymous6:22 PM
I appreciate the writings on failure, as well as your other post. Failure is why I won't buy a carbon bike, and am taking the carbon fork off my steel Lemond. I am not racing, I prefer the better ride of steel, and like a stronger material which fails less dramatically! Nice it's cheaper, too.
A question, because I ride in Canadian winters: is carbon fibre resin cold-weakened? I know that plastic snaps in the winter... - Anonymous8:37 PM
With regards to testing.
It actually comes down to the particular country the product is shipped to, but here are just a few -
The laws are out there, and any brand with any size typically selling internationally has testing that meets of exceeds these tests.
- Ryan Ryan,
That is a big list. I don't know about the rest of them, but I know that the CSPC is not a Standards authority. They merely call out problems, and issues with consumer products after they happen. As far as regulations are concerned, the regulations they have issued for bicycles are comical and old as me.
What I'm saying is that considering the extreme activities associated with cycling, its time a group of industry insiders came together and formed specific guidelines by which bicyles and components must be made for specific uses such as racing, not so much as restricting variety in design but making that design safe for intended use. I call for the making of a bicycle specific authority. When bikes are made, they are made to these standards laid by the authority and you can tell its a solid product right away. So far, I have not seen anything like this, and its simply the reputation of a brand name, and the country that its made in, thats largely speaking for quality. I don't think thats fair to consumers since companies can overcharge them based on brand name and perceived quality when there could be better alternatives for their budget.- Anonymous11:49 PM
I have two things to say. One is the trend I'm observing in helmets. I have been studying their behaviors in collisions and perhaps 50% cases, they didn't fail the way they were originally designed to.
Second, as you mentioned, is the general thinning of material in wheel rims, chains, transmission sprockets and chainrings. Durability and safety is a big issue the more you thin something out. These are important issues because thousands of dollars are tied in with the purchase of products such as these. Today's 4 or 5 grand will buy you a product that lasts maybe 2 years, often less on defect. It wasn't the same back in the golden days of cycling. James Mallon : Thats a good question. Most epoxies are pretty stable at a wide range of temperatures. But I really haven't studied cases where carbon is molded to say aluminum parts, where Al shrinks or expands on temperature change due to coefficient of thermal expansion. Craig Calfee often thinks titanium is a better choice as a metal bonding for carbon fiber due to low TE.
ReplyDelete- Anonymous7:11 AM
Hey Ron
An excellent piece - well written.
I agree with all the points made.
My Observations from europe are: There seems to be huge demands and expectations amongst US consumers to 'get it all', top performance AND bargain prices. Whilst not universal, I am amazed that the US, with its high per capita income seems one of THE most price conscious countries. Other countries seem to accept the general rule that 'you get what you pay for'. But I am constantly amazed from cycling forums how central the 'bargain hunt' appears to be amongst american cyclists and public.
Applied to bicycles and the demands to be latest, lightest, fastest, cheapest, leads to exactly the situation you warn about - something HAS to give, and that usually means margins of safety.
So a fix is in the hands of the consumer - dont buy crap and expect to pay for quality. - Anonymous12:19 PM
Ron - Here is a link the the CPSC Bicycle Compliance Test Manual:
Why don't you start with that, and then get off your ass and educate yourself by looking up all the other regulatory testing standards I just told you about.
Oh, and I actually forgot about the UCI who in fact actually has specific testing requirements for wheels.
Then, I would highly suggest you give SRAM, TREK, FOX Racing Shox, or any major brand in the US a call and ask them about their Quality System.
I am sure many of them would be nice enough to give you some basic info.
Oh, and please stop quoting Craig Calfee as a valid source of composite engineering because he is not a composite engineer, or any other kind of engineer.
There are plenty of really good composite engineers in the bicycle industry and I am sure many of them would be happy to answer your questions.
Then I would suggest you go and ponder the word Integrity and the certain part of that definition as to "Quality characterized by honesty, reliability, and fairness."
Look inward on that and see if you actually held to a high level of integrity with this post.
Quite simply, your post has a huge number of flaws in it primarily due to a massive lack of knowledge with regards to what you are talking about.
You are a Mechanical Engineer!
I actually expect more form someone with your background then this trash you've most recently posted.
Oh, and you work in the oil and gas industry, huh?
You know, from your position in that particular industry, I wouldn't be going around and pointing a lot of fingers regarding things like -
Understand the cost of poor quality.
PREACH WITH INTEGRITY, ect . . .
Lastly, I just want to say that I do apologize for my tone in this comment, but your post is so extremely wrong that it really got under my skin.
While I will agree that there are some shady companies out there, just like in any industry, the vast majority of them are putting a huge amount of effort into the specific areas you are stating they are not.
I would respectfully ask you to build up your knowledge about the areas you are frustrated with and not to paint this issue with such a broad brush.
Thank you,
- Ryan Ryan,
Thanks for your comments again. Not sure where its really pricking you but let me tell you one thing about the CPSC. Those guys working there do a great job but they have a small staff size and are not able to investigate all complaints they receive. More importantly, they do not have the legal authority to test a product for safety BEFORE its sold to consumers. They also do not have jurisdiction over many other things like tires, for example.
Moreover, the guidelines the safety standard used was for the Hazardous Substances Act...which among other things regulated items and toys used by children! Their own understanding of nighttime biking situations are insufficient to adequately protect cyclists. Read these articles from J. Forestor for some understanding.
Essentially I'm not calling for integrity or commitment from testing agencies. Responsibility should come from the manufacturers themselves. So you aren't getting the gist of what I'm fighting for.- Anonymous12:37 PM
The CPSC is a department of the US government.
I didn't say the testing methodology, or the enforcement of it was super great. I just said the system is there and I also then took the time to provide you a link to the actual testing methodology for bicycles.
If you do not like their testing methodology that every bicycle sold in the US is required to meet, perhaps you should call your congressmen?
In fact, it is the testing regulations of Europe that has required product to be immensely stronger and more resistant to Fatigue, Impact, Corrosion, ect . . . in the last few years and while I am also disappointed that our own CPSC has not kept pace with the requirements in Europe, we are still receiving the benefits on the vast majority of bicycle products sold here in the US simply due to fact that most companies are manufacturing and selling with a global perspective in mind.
As I already said, please take the time and educate yourself on the standards bicycle companies need to adhere to, then simply give a few of the larger ones a call and ask them about their Quality System so you can learn a little more about the current status of things.
After you do all that, I honestly believe that your opinion will change, but if you are going to willingly maintain your ignorance on a topic you have such a passionate opinion about then you are not adhering to the level of integrity you are expecting everyone else to live up to.
Please stop simply pointing fingers and start getting constructive.
- Ryan My viewpoints are directed at everyone in the bike business world over. Its a message. Its a reminder. I did not point fingers at any company in particular. I also don't feel my criticism has been destructive; there are far more people seriously injured due to the negligence from the people who make/assemble this stuff. I would love to delve a little deeper into the root causes of such happenings, but then that should be on the top list of someone else's priorities. Thanks for reading Ryan.
ReplyDeleteLet's look at this from another perspective: while you did mention that cyclists have a responsibility to use the equipment for its intended purposes/applications, that point is buried at the bottom of the diatribe...
Look, a company can test their products all they want, but a good bit of the responsibility MUST fall on the shoulders of the end user. A lightweight component that may work flawlessly (and safely) for a 140 lb. rider CANNOT be expected to do the same for a 220 lb. rider! Many companies publish weight/use limits on their exotic components (albeit quietly -- this isn't broadcasted as loudly as it should be)...nevertheless, anyone with a credit card can buy said product and do whatever the hell they want with it.
So, in short: bicycle companies -- please keep testing and evaluating your products...make them as safe as you can and still perform the way they need to. Consumers -- BE REALISTIC. If you're pushing three bills, do you REALLY think an ultralight handlebar or seatpost or gossamer carbon frame is the best idea for you? And, if you choose to ignore weight and use guidelines, suck it up and move on. The failure of your precious, high-dollar component is a symptom of your vanity and ignorance, not the fault of the company who sold you that component.The unsupported generalities in this post and your defending comments upset me, because they run contrary to my intuition:
Drunk driving is becoming a huge problem
there are far more people seriously injured due to the negligence from the people who make/assemble this stuff
Are you sure about that? The plural of "anecdote" is not "data."I'm an engineer, and I love data. Sometimes though, to make a point, I dont have have to get nitbits of info from all over the place. I wish I had that kind of time.
So are you saying drunk driving aren't killing cyclists? Or drunk driving isn't a huge problem at all? You know what I feel about it? Its the bane of the motorized culture we live in. Its absolutely terrible.
I can personally attest to the increasing number of "memorial" rides because a cyclist was killed in such a collision."Defensive riding won't cut it now"
"Drunk driving is becoming a huge problem, "
I hate drunk drivers as much as the next guy, but I take issue with the trends you are implying here.
I used checked google to see if drunk driving was getting worse and it appears not to be:
"The number of fatalities in drunk-driving crashes has declined 38 percent since 1982, going from 21,113 in 1982 to 12,998 in 2007. There were 8,100 fewer drunk-driving fatalities in 2007 than in 1982"
I don't want to offend you, but instead of "personally attesting" to the "increasing number of memorial rides," why not try to find some actual numbers? Or at least state what you have "personally attested" -- you clearly are convinced of by your own (internal) argument, why not share it?
Bad stuff happens. Parts failing catastrophically happens. But is it really a significant problem? Are most carbon products unsafe? This is the question you begging -- you assume that everyone just knows bike parts are breaking waaay more often now and it's a big problem.
And yet, the only evidence of this huge problem, in the entire article, is that some guy ran carbon bars on a cross bike, and they broke.
Your rant is good, but I have no faith in your supporting assumption(s), which makes the point of the rant more easily discounted.Colin R :
When I write a post, I write it for the world.
I'm not just targetting U.S of A. Perhaps you're pulling this information for the States. Get real. People just don't cycle here. Drinking is universal. Also, for most of the data like these, statistical samples are pretty small that you cannot see a definite pattern from year to year. In other third world countries, I would imagine the high rate of vehicle-cyclist collisions to be one of the prime discouraging factors for people from riding their bikes. And since there's always safety in numbers, the lesser number of cyclists could further promote the death of cycling.
In the U.S, standards are pretty high and advocacy is up there that even if drunk driving exists, the number of cyclists on the road keep climbing. Which is a good thing I believe.
Yet, drunk driving exists and thats the fact. It depends on a lot of factors. Bad economic times, ban of cigarettes, low oil prices, big holiday seasons, lax laws...
Bottomline : Drunk driving is increasing traffic fatalities worldwide. Thats why its a huge problem. Not just because it kills cyclists, it actually discourages new cyclists as well.READ :
"A study by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Bank finds that traffic fatalities, including those caused by alcohol, are a serious world health problem that is often overlooked, the Washington Post reported April 7.
One in every 50 deaths worldwide is associated with road accidents, the study found, and traffic crashes are second only to childhood infections and AIDS as a killer of people between the ages of 5 and 30.
Each year, 1.2 million drivers, passengers, cyclists, and pedestrians are killed in traffic crashes. By 2020, traffic deaths are expected to increase by 80 percent as hundreds of millions of cars are added to the roads.
"It is already huge, but if nothing happens it is expected to rise," said Etienne Krug, director of WHO's department of injuries and violence prevention.
Among the recommendations in the 217-page report are measures for developing countries, such as India, China, and southeast Asia. They include stricter enforcement of drunk-driving laws, better road designs, increased use of seatbelts, and improved design and inspection of vehicles. "
From DUI.COMColin : The failures I'm calling out is not just for carbon composite parts. Its for anything that goes on a bicycle, whether its made with straw and thatch or Incoloy, whether its used by a kid or a veteran. I was trying to make a point that that whoever is producing bikes or components, whether the intention is to make it lightweight or more beautiful or whatever, has to use proper engineering techniques and assumptions, manufacturing and testing methods to arrive at a fail safe final product in normal circumstances.
Just as example :
Here's what bad design in split handlebar extensions did. Click here. This isn't carbon fiber.
And here's what improper wheel lacing did to an aluminum hub flange. Click here. Infact, failures such as these were even seen on certain Bontragers, as I noted on my blog last year.
Generally, I'm seeing dangerous trends in the lightweight designs of critical items like helmets, wheels, handlebars and stems where a failure could affect a cyclist seriously. Some more thought has to be put into the proper design of such systems, because it seems to me as if the rat race for market share is pressurizing companies to keep renewing product line sooner and sooner without adequate review of what they have built. Since this market is global, this part could be anywhere in the world tomorrow. Whether a person in the third world has the resources to buy it, that's a secondary issue.Thanks for elaborating and providing some failure examples. Like you noted, you're "writing for the world," which means not all of us will have previously read your blog, which is why statements that might seem obvious to you and your loyal readers seem like significant jumps in the logical progression to people like me.
ReplyDelete- Anonymous5:24 PM
I have one issue to point out. In a lot of industry circles, people are use their wealth of experience and skill in designing bikes as opposed to serious engineering techniques like you would find behind a modern aircraft. Do you think a small 5 man facility would have the supercomputers, testing facilities and licenses to state of the art analysis software? Probably not! Hence you have a point in saying that companies should review their sub suppliers because the just buy parts from them and put it on their bikes. Premature failures are a cost to the buyer for basically nothing. So it can be viewed as Infinite Cost, if you will.
ReplyDelete - Anonymous10:57 PM
Hi Ron,
Most top bike companies use value stream mapping very effectively.
These same companies have implemented and use Lean mfg principles every day.
You should really take the time and contact some of them to get a better understanding of things. I think it would really help out not only you, but everyone who reads this blog to really gain a much better insight on the amount of effort that goes into a bicycle.
I know for a fact that Trek, SRAM, Fox Racing Shox, The Hayes Group, Cannondale, and many others have been doing this for many years now. I think all of them would be happy to share some of their philosophy in matters like what you are discussing here.
- Ryan Ryan :
All true. I have to point one thing out. Testing of composite materials are very complex. It is still a maturing field. You cannot achieve success by using the same testing methods for composites that would otherwise use for traditional homogeneous materials, primarily because of their non-intuitive failure modes and anisotropy. I have seen videos of companies doing strictly uniaxial testing to prove some point on quality, however this is not guaranteed to tell the true story of the material in your bicycle. You have pointed out the existence of CSPC, but they are not a certification authority on testing composites. I believe there should be very stringent requirements to be expected from composite bicycle products before they even get out in the market. What would be the agency in the U.S taking care of this, or whether there actually exists one, I do not know. I'm very interested to know what their requirements for certification are, if there exists such an agency.- Anonymous3:45 PM
My understanding (from reading a bit on the net, not industry) there exists the "marketing strong" carbon fibre, used in aerospace etc applications. Other industries use the other class of carbon fibre which is much much weaker but marketing doesn't differentiate it in any way from the strong non recycled, still expensive to make one. I read about this subject sometime ago when trying to clean up the related wikipedia articles.
ReplyDelete - Anonymous3:52 PM
Too often, occupational accidents are considered a price of progress in developing countries. but they also occur in advanced nations. Whether we challenge nature at thirteen thousand feet underground in a South African gold mine or thirty-nine thousand feet below sea level exploring for oil in the Gulf of Mexico or at three hundred thousand kilometers in space en route to the moon—accidents can and will happen despite the best safety regulations. Human beings make mistakes, and sometimes equipment fails. Mothers often protest that they were only distracted for an instant when their child disappeared. "Pilot error" is still the leading cause of airplane crashes!
Industrial, mining and, consumer safety should never be compromised for profits; neither should margins of safety where food and pharmaceutical products are concerned. Aircraft, space vehicle, and automobile manufacturing as well as the production of power tools and equipment are further examples of industrial safety challenges—as are consumer products, from toasters, to contact lenses, to cribs—especially imported cribs. Then there are procedural and processing standards that require constant upgrading in chemical plants and hospitals as technology advances. There are safety concerns regarding the very frontiers of science. These include the safety of our astronauts in space exploration, the safety of people downrange of sites from which military and civilian rockets are launched, and the safety of offshore and land-based drilling for oil and gas, to name but a few.
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The Critic's Resource on AntiEvolution
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RSS SyndicationAntievolutionists Say the Darndest ThingsAntievolutionists often express outrage over alleged incivility from those who oppose their efforts to evade the establishment clause of the First Amendment. But they have no difficulty in dishing out the abuse themselves. Here is a sample from the Invidious Comparisons thread that documents egregious behavior on the part of the religious antievolution advocates. IDC advocate Mark Hartwig: The intimidation tactics, however, signal something important about Darwinists. That "something" was explained in an insightful little piece by one A.J. Obrdlik. Published in 1942, it was a study of "gallows humor" in Czechoslovakia during the Nazi occupation. In that article, Obrdlik made a very keen observation: Gallows humor is a reliable index of the morale of the oppressed whereas the reaction to it on the part of the oppressors tells a long story about the actual strength of the dictators: If they can afford to ignore it, they are strong; if they react wildly with anger, striking their victims with severe reprisals and punishment, they are not sure of themselves, no matter how much they display their might on the surface. With the growing success of the Wedge, I'm sure we're going to see a lot more of this stuff. But Darwinist tactics will become a lot less intimidating as people realize that they signify not strength but panic. LinkPro-Science Sites


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