text:
They were our first band way back in 1975, even before punk rock was invented and independent record labels were still few and far between. We released the "Speedball" extended play 7" vinyl 45 rpm record on Chiswick Records as by the Count Bishops. By the time of the first Chiswick album the vocalist had been ejected and Dave Tice added to the original band of Zenon De Fleur – rhythm guitar / Johnny Guitar – yes, you've guessed it, on lead guitar / Steve Lewins – bass (replaced by Pat McMullan on the second album) / Paul Balbi – drums. They were a total powerhouse of a band, with a tough R&B sound carrying more weight than Dr Feelgood and just this side of Motorhead, who they played with regularly. The young Julian (Jools) Holland tickled the ivories with great aplomb on both of the albums.
They delivered a mix of originals and astute cover versions, the latter drawn from blues, soul and beat sources as well as just plain good songs. Willie Dixon, Elmore James, Sonny Boy Williamson and Slim Harpo were all inspirations on these Long Players. Ray Davies, Van Morrison and Jeremy Spencer were all inspired by these same blues legends and so the tradition continued with covers from them too. The soul side is represented by a fine Hayes / Porter tune and one from Otis. But the single from the first album consisted of two sides written by Zenon who also wrote some great blues-based numbers with singer Dave Tice on the second album. The second single from that LP, which made it as far as Top Of The Pops, but unfortunately no further, was their storming rendition of the Strangeloves' I Want Candy, which later charted in a somewhat more anaemic version for Bow Wow Wow. And we did try with releases in 6", 7" and 10" formats.
The band maintained a healthy touring schedule and though they turned out great records, they were absolute dynamite live; very few bands at the time could stand up to them.
However the tragic death in a car accident of Zenon in March 1979 was a blow that the band never recovered from. It was not just that his driving rhythm guitar was sorely missed, but he was really the force behind the logistics of a band who toured a lot. He died suddenly and unexpectedly in hospital a few days after totalling his Aston Martin on the way from a gig. While in hospital he was overseeing the finishing touches to the second album's release. The third single from the second Chiswick studio album was a great take on John D Loudermilk's witty Mr Jones and it came out shortly after Zen's death. The album followed a month later and the band went on the road with a substitute guitarist. They toured Australia later that year, but never played the UK again after that.
But they left a hell of a legacy in these two studio albums as well as a live album. For a long time bands like the Bishops were swamped in people's minds by the onslaught of punk rock, but when it came to being tough, when it came to lifting an audience off their feet, the Bishops were a hard act to follow.


text:
If you are a Facebook User you can login without registering using the "Facebook Connect" button at the very top of this page.
Only post a new thread here if it is a tutorial on how to do something.
Use this control to limit the display of threads to those newer than the specified time frame.
Allows you to choose the data by which the thread list will be sorted.
Order threads in...
Note: when sorting by date, 'descending order' will show the newest results first.
Forum Rules

subset: commoncrawl


text:
We are happy to change the shipping address for any order which has yet to be shipped. If you would like to do this, please complete and submit the online contact form and include the correct shipping address. The customer service team will make the changes for you.
If you entered the incorrect address at the time of ordering and your goods have been shipped, there is unfortunately nothing we can do to retrieve the package. Often the package will find you if the postcode was correct and the other details were incorrect albeit a little later than anticipated. Should the goods be returned here, we will contact you to let you know and arrange for them to be shipped to the correct address.


text:
Real Estate Appraiser in Fountainbrook - July 2024
Top Rated Home Security Systems On Amazon
Hello and welcome to my website. My name is Steve Whitby and I'm the owner/appraiser of Stephen Paul Appraisals. If you're looking to hire an experienced residential home appraiser, which I presume is the reason you're here, I believe I can help you. Listed below are some items you may want to go over before calling and/or ordering an appraisal.
How much does a home appraisal cost in Fountainbrook ?
As with most appraisers, there is no set price. There is a range of prices that depends on the complexity of the assignment and the appraisal form to be used but if you've read any articles written by non-appraisers, they are either just guessing, telling you what an appraisal cost them, or found some online resource (ie; HomeAdvisor) that gives an average of what an appraisal may cost. Nothing replaces the actual appraiser giving you a quote as to what they will charge for their services. What I usually tell people is that with all the costs associated with a real estate transaction, getting an appraisal is still the lowest cost investment you can make, and having an appraisal in hand gives you the knowledge to better negotiate with potential buyers.
The bottom line, an appraisal costs what the appraiser quotes you, so go ahead and call the appraiser. I promise we don't bite!
How do I order an appraisal?
To order an appraisal, first, you must fill out an appraisal request form then after filling out the form, go to the "set an appointment" page and see what days are available and set an appointment. After receiving the appraisal request form, I will be in contact either right after I receive the request with a phone call or email or it may be a day or two depending on my current workload. But to expedite your desire to get the appraisal completed as quickly as possible, you must fill out the appraisal request form first and foremost.
Appraisal Request Form Set Appointment
What do appraisers look for?
In a nutshell and with regards to the home and property itself, appraisers primarily look at the quality of workmanship and materials and the condition of the improvements. Outside the nutshell, appraisers also look at the neighborhood and any external influences, market activity, and any positive or negative factors that may affect the overall marketability and value of a home.
I can't tell you how many times I've been asked "do you count a messy house?" The answer is always a "No" but the thing to keep in mind is that an appraiser has to visually observe as much as possible during an inspection, so while appraisers "don't count a messy house" they also have to make note of what they weren't able to observe which can be a negative depending on the situation. One way to look at it is to ask yourself "if I put my house on the market tomorrow, would a buyer purchase it at a premium price (over my competition) in its current condition?" How you answer that will tell you what you need to do before the appraiser gets there. And trust me, I totally understand "lived-in" wear and tear! It's inevitable and nearly impossible to keep up with. We live on a farm with lots of animals and have grandkids!
How long does it take to complete an appraisal?
I used to quote 24-48 hours after the inspection, but given the current market activity as of the date of this post (August 2020), I'm quoting at least 5-7 days after the inspection. In my 29+ years of appraising, I have never seen it this busy. When things do slow down, I will be quoting the 24-48 hour turn around times again. Once completed, I will email the client the report. I do provide printed out hard copies but there is an additional $10 charge for that service.
Stephen Paul Appraisals Google My Business
Also, check out my Reviews page


text:
Strawberry Charm Pendant 14k Gold
Charm Pendant made by solid 14karats Gold, which has the shape of a Strawberry. It weights 1.7 Grams. You can choose between three different colors of gold: yellow, white and rose gold.
Dimensions are 19 x 11 mm (h x w)
Questions & Answers
Have a Question?
Be the first to ask a question about this.


text:
Individually dedicated spaces support a range of focus and concentration and should consider appropriate human scale for individuals and their wellbeing. Plan for short- and long-term security of personal items and the accommodation of new worktools.
Individuals want to study in the company of others to stay socially connected while working alone in a variety of open settings. Support the need for co-existing focused work and social interactions, allowing settings to switch from individual to dyads and triads. Offer highly flexible and self-customizable furnishings and tools while supporting postural changes for short- and long-term use.


text:
Terms and Conditions: Prices do not include government fees and taxes, any finance charges, any dealer document processing charge, any electronic filing charge, and any emission testing charge.
Subject to prior sale. *
*Although every reasonable effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information contained on this site, absolute accuracy cannot be guaranteed. This site, and all information and materials appearing on it, are presented to the user "as is" without warranty of any kind, either express or implied, including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, title or non-infringement. All vehicles are subject to prior sale. Price does not include applicable tax, title, and license. Not responsible for typographical errors.
*In transit means that vehicles have not yet arrived at your dealer. Images shown may not necessarily represent identical vehicles in transit to your dealership. See your dealer for actual price, payments, final accessories, expected delivery date and complete details.


text:
The legal battle between Republican lawmakers and Attorney General Eric Holder over access to documents in a gun scandal could take months, if not years, to resolve.
But one man has already been sifting through secret emails about the operation known as Fast and Furious. He's Michael Horowitz, the Justice Department's new watchdog.
To hear his former colleagues tell it, Horowitz is no stranger to touchy subjects. He made his name in New York prosecuting corrupt police officers in the city's 30th Precinct, known as the "Dirty 30," recalls former U.S. Attorney Mary Jo White.
"You know, he ended up at the end of the day with dozens of defendants. It was probably the biggest police corruption case in decades," she says, "and he was just brilliant in the way he handled that, very tenacious."
Horowitz, 49, went on to work at Justice Department headquarters in Washington, where he served as chief of staff in the criminal division, at the end of the Clinton years and then under Bush administration official Michael Chertoff.
Chertoff says he recommended Horowitz for the job of inspector general.
"I think he'll pursue the stuff that needs to be pursued," says Chertoff. "He's not going to be unfair or someone who takes cheap shots, but I do think he'll call it like he sees it, even if he steps on some big toes."
Stepping on big toes is pretty much the Horowitz job description. He's in charge of about 450 employees, including 125 federal agents, who sift through allegations of misspending and misconduct at Justice, the FBI and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives.
"You're dealing with subjects who are in themselves investigators and they tend to be particularly sensitive when the spotlight turns on them," Chertoff explains.
The inspector general has ongoing probes of the FBI's use of controversial surveillance authorities, management of the terrorist watch list, the Justice Department's efforts to address mortgage fraud, and the Civil Rights Division's enforcement of voting laws, across multiple administrations.
Probably the biggest item on the Horowitz agenda is a long-awaited report on Fast and Furious. That's the flawed gun sting in Arizona, where ATF agents lost track of 2,000 guns. Some later turned up at crime scenes, including the killing of U.S. Border Patrol Agent Brian Terry.
The operation and the Justice Department's response ignited a rancorous political battle, culminating in a historic contempt citation against Holder.
House Speaker John Boehner, a Republican from Ohio, told reporters he's preparing to sue Holder to get access to internal documents between February 2011 and December 2011, after Justice authorities sent a letter to Congress that contained inaccurate statements the department later withdrew.
In an interview with NPR, Horowitz says he prizes one value above all others.
"That we come out with a report that is fair, that is focused on the facts, that ignores whatever the issues have been out there in terms of claims or counterclaims," he says. "We've got the evidence in front of us, we've got the documents, we've got the interviews that we have done and we're going to need to report on those fairly, fully and completely."
His report could come out by the end of summer, if all goes according to schedule.
Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


text:
Start preparing for Christmas in your school and parish:
It's a Christmas book. From the publisher:
It's a Christmas book. From the publisher:
Alessandro is staying with his grandparents, who run a small shop that sells figures for the presepe (Nativity scene), while his parents look for work in another country. To help with the boy's loneliness, his grandfather encourages Alessandro to make his own figure of the baby Jesus. They will bring that figure to Rome in two weeks to have it blessed by the Holy Father on Bambinelli Sunday. Through the events that occur in the time leading up to receiving the blessing in St. Peter's Square, Alessandro comes to see his world in a new way, and receives the best surprise of all in the end.
This book for children ages 7-10 tells a wonderful story about sharing, comfort, generosity, and forgiveness through the lens of a long-standing Italian tradition. The beautiful illustrations and timeless story make this a treasure Advent and Christmas resource for generations to come.


text:
Employment Opportunities
To apply for any position at the City of Ellsworth, please complete our required Application Form (if available) below or obtain an application in person at City Hall. Please make sure you meet the specific qualifications for the position you are applying for; otherwise the application will not be processed. We look forward to receiving your application and discussing the employment opportunity of interest.


text:
The term "whiplash" was first used in 1928 to define an injury mechanism of sudden hyperextension followed by an immediate hyperflexion of the neck that results in damage to the muscles, ligaments and tendons - especially those that support the head. Today, we know that whiplash injuries frequently do
Read more-
Category: Common Conditions Treated, Auto Accident Injuries
Auto Accidents
Category: Common Conditions Treated, Auto Accident Injuries
Numerous studies have shown that years after auto accident victims settle their insurance claims, roughly half of them state that they still suffer with symptoms from their injuries. If you have been involved in a car accident, your injuries need to be taken very seriously. Because symptoms of some
Read more


text: In the same way as all products that bear the Porsche name, the children's clothing from Porsche Lifestyle combines high quality and outstanding design. For the children themselves, it is important that the clothes are comfortable to wear, while the parents often make their choice on the basis of the quality and the appearance of the garments. Porsche Lifestyle has succeeded in meeting the expectations of both children and parents. As a result, budding racing drivers have a range of comfortable, high-quality clothes to wear. The materials, workmanship and design make the perfect combination. And, of course, Porsche also offers a range of sporty clothing for the smallest members of your family. Whether you have a baby, a toddler or an older child, they will be sure to feel comfortable in Porsche children's clothing.


text:
What is the Value of Your Business? It All Depends.
The initial response to the question in the title really should be: "Why do you want to know the value of your business?" This response is not intended to be flippant, but is a question that really needs to be answered.
- Does an owner need to know for estate purposes?
- Does the bank want to know for lending purposes?
- Is the owner entertaining bringing in a partner or partners?
- Is the owner thinking of selling?
- Is a divorce or partnership dispute occurring?
- Is a valuation needed for a buy-sell agreement?
There are many other reasons why knowing the value of the business may be important.
Valuing a business can be dependent on why there is a need for it, since there are almost as many different definitions of valuation as there are reasons to obtain one. For example, in a divorce or partnership breakup, each side has a vested interest in the value of the business. If the husband is the owner, he wants as low a value as possible, while his spouse wants the highest value. Likewise, if a business partner is selling half of his business to the other partner, the departing partner would want as high a value as possible.
In the case of a business loan, a lender values the business based on what he could sell the business for in order to recapture the amount of the loan. This may be just the amount of the hard assets, namely fixtures and equipment, receivables, real estate or other similar assets.
In most cases, with the possible exception of the loan value, the applicable value definition would be Fair Market Value, normally defined as: "The price at which the property would change hands between a willing buyer and a willing seller when the former is not under any compulsion to buy and the latter is not under any compulsion to sell, both parties having reasonable knowledge of relevant facts." This definition is used by most courts.
It is interesting that in the most common definition of value, it starts off with, "The price…" Most business owners, when using the term value, really mean price. They basically want to know, "How much can I get for it if I decide to sell?" Of course, if there are legal issues, a valuation is also likely needed. In most cases, however, what the owner is looking for is a price. Unfortunately, until the business sells, there really isn't a price.
The International Business Brokers Association (IBBA) defines price as; "The total of all consideration passed at any time between the buyer and the seller for an ownership interest in a business enterprise and may include, but is not limited to, all remuneration for tangible and intangible assets such as furniture, equipment, supplies, inventory, working capital, non-competition agreements, employment, and/or consultation agreements, licenses, customer lists, franchise fees, assumed liabilities, stock options or stock redemptions, real estate, leases, royalties, earn-outs, and future considerations."
In short, value is something that may have to be defended, and something on which not everyone may agree. Price is very simple – it is what something sold for. It may have been negotiated; it may be the seller's or buyer's perception of value and the point at which their perceptions coincided (at least enough for a closing to take place) or a court may have decided.
The moral here is for a business owner to be careful what he or she asks for. Do you need a valuation, or do you just want to know what someone thinks your business will sell for?
Business brokers can be a big help in establishing value or price.


text:
This is your blog post. To really engage your site visitors we suggest you blog about subjects that are related to your site or business. Blogging is really great for SEO, so we recommend including keywords that relate to your services, products or industry within your posts. It'll make it easier for people to find you on the web.
Ready to delete this post and add your own? Go to Manage to open your Dashboard and click on the 3 dot icon ( ⠇), then click Delete Post. You can also head to Settings > Manage Blog and delete any post from there. Now you are ready to create a blog post of your own! Look for the Create New Post button to start crafting your own stunning blog content.


text:
Soda Cap Chocker
- Description
- Info
The perfect fairy tale shocker finally exist! And no, you're not dreaming.
- Brass gold plated shocker
Please allow up to 48 hours for us to prepare your shipment and 3-5 business days for shipping itself.
Fast shipping
The order take from 2 to 3 days to be prepared and shipping out.
Order tracking
The tracking information will be send to your email address.
Get in touch
Please contact us email@example.com


text:
The Euro Millions lottery can be played . Many people register their bets online by choosing or selecting their five favorite main numbers from alternative (1-50), simply to choosing two lucky star numbers with a smaller connected with (1-9). Method to have been playing specifically the same numbers for years, every once in awhile their lucky numbers or it end up being their birthday or their childrens bday. If you do not have have any lucky numbers you can still let personal computer pick your numbers aimlessly. It is not as fun but it still works.
Some Online lottery bingo sites will carry out the "daubing" for you, a number of will provides you with the option of calling bingo for users. If this is true, standard information don't should do anything except wait for the numbers to be called. You won't be you aren't on melt off these sites, keep an eye fixed on your cards. If you wait lengthy time to call bingo, your winnings end up being the split between more people, lowering your take.
Like additional popular in Canada or any country globe world, Lotto 6/49 jackpot prize rolls over draw on draw if not won. This system leads to big jackpots. In fact, a lotto group play kerry899 of 17 employees from local gas and oil Company in Alberta won a stunning record of $54.3 million jackpot in October 2003. During that time, a lotto fever had swept the whole of Canada, leading to at least a hundred purchases of lotto tickets every couple of minutes. It was estimated that about two of three Canadians have bought lotto pass. Amazing!
If you need to win a huge jackpot, select a lottery game which is really popular – this automatically increases the lottery jackpot amount together with a very high figure. Powerball is on the list of lottery games which provide you with very attractive jackpot. Plenty of online ticket sellers offer you with an time to be element of online syndicates. These syndicates have a wide selection of players. You actually become part and parcel of such syndicates, you optimize chances of winning a lottery game as such syndicates attempt and pick up tickets with as different winning combinations as thinkable.
But first things first, you wish to be fortunate to find a legitimate, trusted site offer Online lottery entry pass. Go over the instructions and regulations for every site you approach and find out how each is able to function and provide lottery tickets over the world wide web.
You will have to include tinier businesses in your driver's license and tinier businesses of your social a guarantee. There are two ways noticable a good combination this sort of numbers. First, you need to add some specific number. You can the first and the last number of the driver's license or might multiply technique and the fourth digit of your social a bigger number. One more combination is actually by pairing. You can pair the third and fifth digit of the social and subtracts the smallest number within your driver's license to its biggest number to obtain the small portions. You can of the technique purchasing are playing "Pick 3".
There are also a lot of people subsequent famous strategy which is follow straight, vertical, horizontal pattern. These types of just be disappointed a person will just increase your odds against winning.
Once you choose to create a purchase double check that you if you purchase one that may be proven perform. How will backseat passengers .? Read reviews and testimonials, you will be able in order to locate many of those online by no means just from your people bought it taken from.


text:
Life insurance is a popular feature of employee benefits packages. Many employers provide basic group life free of charge to their employees. More Americans have workplace plans than individual life insurance plans, as reported in a NerdWallet article.
If your employer offers free or low-cost basic group life, there is no reason not to accept it. Enrollment is automatic in some cases. Although it is a great perk, there are some things you should know about employer-provided life insurance.
It May Not Be Enough Coverage
Coverage amounts are low with group term life insurance, typically ranging from $25,000 to a multiple of the employee's annual salary. Death benefits may not be enough to protect your family if something should happen to you.
You may be able to purchase supplemental life insurance through your work plan. Although coverage is usually guaranteed with basic group life, you may have to complete a health questionnaire to get supplemental life insurance, and the results will be used to determine your eligibility and rates.
The Policy May Not Be Portable
Coverage with employer-provided life insurance is usually tied to the job. If you leave your current employment, you may not be able to take the policy with you. Although you may have the option to convert your group policy to an individual life insurance policy, the cost could increase significantly.
You could buy a policy on the open market, but the cost goes up as you grow older. If you leave your job 10 years from now, lose your group life insurance, and purchase an individual policy to replace it, your premiums will be higher than they would be if you bought life insurance today.
Your Choices Are Limited
Most employer-provided life insurance is a type of term life. This type of life insurance covers you for a specified term, such as 10, 20, or 30 years. You probably won't have the option to buy permanent life insurance through work. Most employers work with only one insurance carrier, which further limits your policy options. If you are interested in purchasing permanent life insurance, such as whole life or universal life, speak with our knowledgeable agent.
Your Spouse May Not Have Sufficient Coverage
Your employer's benefits package may not provide life insurance for your spouse. Even if it does, the coverage amount is likely to be a minimal $100,000. A spouse's death can put a huge strain on family finances, even if the deceased spouse did not work or earned a lower amount.
You May Get More Value For Your Money Elsewhere
If your employer offers free basic life insurance, naturally you will want to take advantage of it. But what about supplemental life insurance available through your work plan? You are paying for this coverage, so it makes sense to shop around.
If you can find an individual policy that suits your needs for a comparable price, or even a little more, it may be your best option because of its portability. Our agent can help you find the right life insurance policy to protect your loved ones.
Filed Under: Life Insurance | Tagged With: Term Life Insurance, Whole Life Insurance, Permanent Life Insurance


text:
Most forums require a guest to accept their registration agreement before the registration process can begin. By checking the I Agree option, a guest consents to comply with the agreement throughout the duration of their membership. Some forums may also incorporate a minimum age into the agreement process.
Upon arrival at the registration screen, a guest is requested to enter a username and a valid email address. Failure to use a valid email address may hinder registration, depending on how a forum is configured. Guests are also given the opportunity to allow forum members to email them.
An authentication method must be chosen, as well. The most common method is simply choosing a password. Although, some forums may provide members with the opportunity to use an OpenID.
A form of visual verification may be present in order to confirm that a guest is actually a person and not a bot. This verification may be requested in two ways - CAPTCHA and custom questions. The CAPTCHA method displays an image containing a random collection of letters, which a guest must enter into a text field. The custom questions method displays one or more relatively simple questions, which a guest must answer correctly. A forum may be configured to use both methods at the same time.
Once a guest completes the registration form, there are three possibilities for what is displayed next based on how the forum is configured.


text:
We are committed to providing a website that is accessible to the widest possible audience, regardless of technology or ability. We are always striving to increase the accessibility and usability of our website and in doing so adhere to many of the available standards and guidelines, such as those below:
- Provide text alternatives for non-text content.
- Provide captions and other alternatives for multimedia.
- Create content that can be presented in different ways, including by assistive technologies, without losing meaning.
- Make it easier for users to see and hear content.
- Make all functionality available from a keyboard.
- Give users enough time to read and use content.
- Do not use content that causes seizures.
- Help users navigate and find content.
- Make text readable and understandable.
- Make content appear and operate in predictable ways.
- Help users avoid and correct mistakes.
- Maximize compatibility with current and future user tools.
We are always seeking opportunities to improve website accessibility. If you experience any difficulty in accessing this website, please don't hesitate to contact us at 904-901-4302.


text:
Blog written and sourced from Keeping Current Matters
You may have been told that it's important to get pre-approved at the beginning of the homebuying process, but what does that really mean, and why is it so important? Especially in today's market, with rising home prices and high buyer competition, it's crucial to have a clear understanding of your budget so you stand out to sellers as a serious homebuyer.
Being intentional and competitive are musts when buying a home right now. Pre-approval from a lender is the only way to know your true price range and how much money you can borrow for your loan. Just as important, being able to present a pre-approval letter shows sellers you're a qualified buyer, something that can really help you land your dream home in an ultra-competitive market.
With limited housing inventory, there are many more buyers active in the market than there are sellers, and that's creating some serious competition. According to the National Association of Realtors (NAR), homes are receiving an average of 5.1 offers for sellers to consider. As a result, bidding wars are more and more common. Pre-approval gives you an advantage if you get into a multiple-offer scenario, and these days, it's likely you will. When a seller knows you're qualified to buy the home, you're in a better position to potentially win the bidding war.
Freddie Mac explains:
"By having a pre-approval letter from your lender, you're telling the seller that you're a serious buyer, and you've been pre-approved for a mortgage by your lender for a specific dollar amount. In a true bidding war, your offer will likely get dropped if you don't already have one."
Every step you can take to gain an advantage as a buyer is crucial when today's market is constantly changing. Interest rates are low, prices are going up, and lending institutions are regularly updating their standards. You're going to need guidance to navigate these waters, so it's important to have a team of professionals such as a loan officer and a trusted real estate agent making sure you take the right steps and can show your qualifications as a buyer when you find a home to purchase.
Bottom Line
In a competitive market with low inventory, a pre-approval letter is a game-changing piece of the homebuying process. Not only does being pre-approved bring clarity to your homebuying budget, but it shows sellers how serious you are about purchasing a home.


text:
Periodontal / Gum Disease Treatment
Ask Creative Smiles at WingHaven if our services are right for you
Make an AppointmentCommon Signs of Gum Disease
- Red, tender, and swollen gums that bleed during brushing or flossing
- Constant bad breath or a bad taste in your mouth
- The gum line is receding, or gums are pulling away from teeth and forming pockets
- Changes in your bite or teeth alignment, loose teeth
Common Signs of Periodontal Disease
- Chronic bad breath
- Swollen, bleeding, and painful gums
- Severe gum recession
- Loose or missing teeth
- Persistent pain when chewing
- Drainage or pus from the gums
Stages of Gum Disease
Gingivitis is an early stage of periodontal disease. It can cause bleeding or swollen gums, bad breath, and bright red or purplish gums. If gingivitis goes untreated, symptoms can worsen and cause gum recession, tooth decay, tooth and bone loss, and other severe oral health issues.
Gingivitis can be treated with a deep cleaning to remove bacteria from gums and plaque and tartar from teeth. Your dentist may also recommend an antibacterial toothpaste or mouthwash. Flossing daily is also key to treating and preventing gingivitis.
If gingivitis goes untreated and begins to worsen, it becomes periodontitis.
Periodontitis affects not just the gums but also can affect soft tissue that supports your teeth, exposes tooth roots, damages bone, and in severe cases, it can enter your bloodstream and harm major internal organs.
Periodontal disease can be treated with many treatment options such as scaling, root planing, bone and tissue grafting, and antibiotics.
Advanced Periodontitis
If periodontitis goes untreated, bone will begin to erode around tooth roots, gums severely recede, and there may be multiple missing or loose teeth. Complex cases of periodontitis typically require surgery such as pocket reduction surgery, soft tissue grafting, bone grafting, and guided tissue regeneration.
How Can I Prevent Gum Disease Before It Starts?
Simple, everyday steps can be taken to avoid gum disease growth, including:
- Brushing and flossing consistently at least twice a day
- Using an antimicrobial mouth rinse daily to help control plaque
- Eating a healthy, low-sugar diet
- Scheduling regular checkups
If you are experiencing the symptoms of gum disease, please contact Creative Smiles at WingHaven at 636-561-6035 to schedule an appointment right away. We've helped many residents in the O'Fallon area successfully treat their periodontal and gum disease and restore their brilliant, beautiful smile.


text:
Redwood Shores Dental Care
Dr. Rocky Dhaliwal
(650) 654-6545
Cosmetic Dentistry Services in Redwood City, CA
At Redwood Shores Dental Care, our team is dedicated to providing you with advanced and thorough dentistry care. We offer not only preventive dentistry services but also a wide array of restorative, family, and cosmetic dentistry solutions. Being a family dentist, we understand that each person deserves a personalized treatment plan so we assure personalized care and attention. We make our patients feel at home and offer them an unmatched quality of service.
During procedures, we use only the highest quality products from the leading manufacturers. We rely only on the latest technology to ensure that our patients receive the best treatment. In the case of emergencies, contact us and we will treat you as soon as possible as we are well-known when it comes to dental emergencies. We will try our best to prevent unnecessary damage and expensive dental restorations. We have a full range of dentistry treatments at our disposal. Available dental procedures at Redwood Shores Dental Care are:
You can trust us to help your family members maintain excellent dental health with healthy teeth, gums, and good oral health. Contact our friendly staff to make an appointment and we'll be happy to explain the dental procedures to you and determine their importance.


text:
- Telephone:
- 07727 449625
If you are looking for great savings on quality used cars and vans in the Bolton area, then you have reached the right place. ASP Motor Company are a specialist used car and van dealer based in Lancashire. We are proud to offer you a first class customer service and very competitive pricing, so please browse our stock list. At ASP Motor Company, we stock a range of used cars and vans to suit all budgets and lifestyles so we are sure to have the right car or van for you.
If you are looking for a second hand car or van in Bolton, then don't delay, call us today. In order to offer cars and vans to suit everyone we make sure that we update our stocklist regularly. It is therefore always worth giving us a call, even if you don't see what you are looking for on our website.
We offer advice on vehicles and vehicle maintenance and our friendly staff will go the extra mile to guarantee that you receive the advice and support you need.
At ASP Motor Company we don't just sell cars and vans, we do everything possible to get you on the road with your perfect vehicle. Why not come along to our dealership in Bolton? We look forward to meeting you!
A few select vehicles
Share us
Share us with your friends and family on your favourite social networks. Click a link below.
Opening times
Monday | 09:00 - 17:30 |
Tuesday | 09:00 - 17:30 |
Wednesday | 09:00 - 17:30 |
Thursday | 09:00 - 17:30 |
Friday | 09:00 - 17:30 |
Saturday | 09:00 - 17:30 |
Sunday | 10:00 - 16:00 |


text:
Click a swatch below to change colors.
Port Authority® Ladies Long Sleeve Easy Care Shirt. L608
This comfortable wash-and-wear shirt is indispensable for the workday. Wrinkle resistance makes this shirt a cut above the competition so you and your staff can be, too.
Ladies Sizes: XS-6XL
Price starts at: $26.98 For detailed PRICING, please select "Add to Cart " to view the ordering/pricing grid.


text:
My two extremes, from the same genetic stock |
I somehow got blessed with two kids on opposite ends of the growth spectrum: Mikko through toddlerhood was a happy 150th percentile kind of guy, and I just let him keep on growing. He was barely eating any solid food before he was two, so I knew it would all even out, and it did. He'll always be a tall and hefty kid (around the 80th percentile now for both height and weight), but that's his body type.
See how sickly he is? Sad. |
This is not only weird — it is a trifle concerning. He comes from a family of generally larger-than-average people with a few skinny minnies. So he could just be one of those recessives, right? But his naturopathic pediatrician is cautiously concerned, because here's how nutritional deficiencies can manifest:
First goes the weight, then the height, then the development.
In other words, the weight's already gone. He's already demonstrating that he's atypically short (genetically speaking). So is his developmental progress next?
Whenever I talk about this with other parents, I get the blithe reassurances I gave myself (and others) about Mikko: Every body is different. Somebody has to be on the small (or large) side! You don't have to be average to be normal. If he's meeting developmental milestones, he's fine. As long as he seems healthy, he probably is.
I'd say I have about 90% confidence that all the above is true for Alrik: that he's just a short, slight fellow who's perfectly healthy.
It's that 10% of uncertainty that's killing me.
What if he has an underlying health issue that I'm glibly ignoring? It makes me glad we had him tested for cystic fibrosis in his newborn heel stick, for instance, because I've lost friends to that wasting and respiratory disease, and that makes me jumpy. I've been looking at photos of toddlers with celiac and comforting myself that although his legs and arms are skinny, they're not that spindly, and his toddler gut just looks like a normal pooch, not a gas-filled starving-child's potbelly. But what if?
When we saw the pediatrician last year, she wanted us to put Alrik onto a formula of whole cow's milk, almond milk, carrot juice, and oil. I thought this was very odd. I really couldn't see how drinking such a mixture would be better than continuing to breastfeed — and wouldn't pushing that on him limit and replace his nursing sessions? Breastmilk is fattier and more caloric than whole cow's milk, and much fattier than almond milk and carrot juice. It has more nutrients than all of those liquids. I do give him cod liver oil as a supplement, however, since on a spoon seems a more reasonable delivery method to me than mixed in with milk. (Blech! For my part, I can't stand the fish breath it gives him, but he laps it right up.)
Based on my own research into how people gain weight, I understand that it's the amount and type of carbohydrates we load into our bodies and how it affects our blood sugars. So it doesn't make sense to me that people (including the ped) say to sneak avocado or peanut butter or oil into everything — dietary fat intake isn't what makes people fat. At the same time, I feel awkward emphasizing or feeling great about his scarfing down French fries and potato chips. (Yea … um … weight gain?)
So we emphasize nutrient-dense foods whenever possible, present a variety of options, remind him to eat (because he does get distracted easily), supplement with oil and whole-foods multivitamins, and continue the breastfeeding. I don't make food into a battle, and I don't push him to eat past what his hunger is telling him, though I do frequently offer bites when I notice his interest flagging. He's not what I'd consider a picky eater (at least compared with his older brother!), so he willingly eats a wide variety of food, though the amounts vary — some days, a plateful, and some days, a couple bites and he's off. It seems like we're doing things (mostly) "right" — but he's still small.
He also, by the by, seems incredibly healthy. He rarely gets (only minor) illnesses. His stools (oh, you know you wanted to find out!) seem normal to me — passed easily and regularly. (Wait — you didn't want to know? My bad.) Energy-wise, he never sits down and never stops moving. He's constantly doing his Power Rangers moves (highly entertaining) and racing after the kitties and helping out around the house (anything at all you're doing is fair game). He also still naps for several hours and sleeps fairly well through the night. (Fairly well. He is a cosleeping, breastfeeding toddler, after all.)
Developmentally, he talks really well for a 2-year-old, based on my experience (both in vocabulary and clarity), and he understands both German and English. He mostly speaks English but can break out some German if the occasion calls for it. He's learned a lot of sign language, though I'll admit his verbal abilities have made us deemphasize signing with him. He counts to eleven, which surprised us, since we're neglectful parents who leave our second born to figure out everything on his own. (Heh heh.) He is openly affectionate and happy, participates in imaginative play, and interacts well with other people (if we acknowledge he's a two-year-old, ha). He has good balance and gross motor control (he's got a wicked throwing arm) and is getting more and more dexterous with fine motor control. I say all this not to brag (as if — weird that sometimes it can seem braggy to describe what your child does) — for instance, Mikko was much less advanced in all these categories at the same age but caught up. I'm just saying, there's nothing developmentally that makes me worry: He's sick, and it's affecting his development!
Some hard data below. Seriously, note what terrible parents we are with the second born — so many months we didn't bother to measure! Oh, noes!
Mikko's height chart, 0-24 months, and his weight chart — he broke it. He was actually above the chart. |
Alrik's height chart, pretty consistent (you can ignore the outlier), and his weight chart, dipping |
So: What to do? Ignore it? Get him tested for something — but what? (Possible medical causes of "failure to thrive" include GERD, liver disease, metabolic disorders, thyroid disorders, type 1 diabetes, CF, and celiac.) Do a trial elimination diet to see if there's something he should or shouldn't be eating?
As far as that last one goes — oy. Sam and I eat grain-free, and we keep a mostly grain-free house. However, the boys are very much not on board with this plan, so they eat grains outside the house. Mikko's first thought on rising is, "Where can I get grains today?" I kid you not. I keep floating the idea of having the kids be at least gluten-free for awhile so I can see if it helps Alrik's growth at all, and no one's having it. I think we'd need a confirmed diagnosis of something dire to spur the family as a whole onto a new eating path.
It's (past) time for his two-year checkup, and I keep hesitating about going back to the naturopathic pediatrician. For one thing, I feel sheepish we didn't actually give the weird milk-juice formula a go, even though I disagreed with it philosophically and nutritionally. For another, I just really hate going to the doctor. I pretty much always emerge feeling like visiting was a colossal waste of my time and money. I'm sure having my dear child jabbed and poked with needles and who knows what else if we decide to get him extensively tested will ultimately result in feelings of regret.
Unless: Unless there is something wrong. And then I'd feel regretful at some other time, if we find out down the road that there was an underlying illness we were closing our eyes to. Maybe it's when he's 5'4" as an adult that he'll read us the riot act for not acting sooner. Didn't we see how skinny he was? Didn't we feel concerned that his height was so far below the norm for our family?
Ah. The guilt and responsibility of the mother.
At least it makes him easier to hoist! |
What would you do? Do you have experience with mini-sized children? Was any course of action recommended, and did anything particularly help spur growth? Were there any complications you collided with or successfully avoided?


text:
There are 85,071 City Services in the database. To help find what you are looking for, there is a handy search helper.
If you see wrong information, kindly let us know and we will adapt the information. Thank you.
PuertoParrot is not affiliated to Pnb and we don't have their email address. If you need to contact them, call (02) 681 5846


text:
Shop our Express Store
Buy or lease your next new car online
and we'll deliver it to your doorstep.
Watch Video
Stress-Free Car Buying
We make buying a new car as easy as buying an iPhone.
Express Checkout
Review all the numbers and finalize everything without needing to visit our dealership.
Personal Client Advisor
Need help? Our experts are here to make sure your car buying experience is a breeze.
In-Store Pickup or Home Delivery!
Pick up your vehicle at our dealership or have it delivered to your home or office.
Great upfront pricing and a 100% online experience
Shop By Model
100% Online Purchase
Express Store
We make buying a new car as easy as buying an iPhone.
Instant Pricing
Express Checkout
• Home Delivery
• Home Delivery
Speak with a {{rdgl.dealerText.personal_concierge}}


text:
Sale is Live Shop now!
Get Up To 70% Discount
FREE Shipping on Orders $100+!
Fast Shipping in the USA.
😍10000+ Happy Customers!😍
1000+ Five ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ Reviews
You have %itemCount% in your cart. Total being %total%
Products are usually delivered in 3-10 days.
Free USA shipping on all orders over $100
All Orders Ships from our USA Warehouse
30 Days Return Policy
10000+ Happy Customers! Join the Club😍
1000+ 5 ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ Reviews
Geranium & Vine Bush is a red and green floral that features fabric geranium petals and slightly variegated leaves. Pick has a green plastic stem that can be adjusted and shaped and it is perfect for summer patriotic displays or everyday decorating. Bush looks fantastic in a variety of cans and vases and measures 22" high by 10" wide.
The Fox Decor's 5-POINT HAPPINESS CHECKLIST
1. 30 Day Money Back Guarantee2. Safe payments3. FREE shipping (on all orders above $100). No surprises or hidden fees.
4. Real humans on our support helpdesk! 5. Tracking number for every order
We use encrypted SSL certificates for 100% security.
FOX is happy when YOU are happy!
There's absolutely ZERO RISK buying from the The Fox Decor official store - so send us an email if you need any assistance.


text:
RedRival Free Hosting |
Thank you for your interest in RedRival.
RedRival is discontinuing all services as of September 2009. Thank you to each and every one of our members for twelve years! RedRival.net email users can still login here. R67.net email users can still login here. Please contact if you have any questions or concerns. The free gift is still available. |


text:
Please note that report locations have not been entered for all reports in most states. The number of reports with location information entered appears above the map.
You may click on a report location to go directly to the report details.
Additional changes to the interface for this page will be made in the coming weeks and months.


text:
The Difference Between Hiring a Buyer's Agent to Sell Your Home vs an Expert Listing Agent
So you've decided to sell your home... Now it's time to find a real estate agent.
While you're researching prospective real estate agents to interview, you'll often come across two terms you may not be familiar with: buyer's agents and listing agents. Though many potential sellers make the mistake in thinking that any real estate agent can sell your home, these terms indicate a difference in background and perspective when it comes to the process of selling a home. Here's what you need to know before you decide to interview a buyer's agent or a listing agent:
What is a Buyer's Agent?
A buyer's agent is obligated to put the best interests of the buyers in mind. In fact, a buyer's agent contract will clearly state their fiduciary responsibility to the buyer. They're diligent about everything relating to condition: Disclosures, inspection reports, making sure that any updates and repairs were reported properly. They know potential problems when they see them. A buyer's agent is focused on price — after all, the goal of a buyer is to pay the least amount of money for the property that suits their needs.
Professionally speaking, the goal of a buyer's agent is to make a sale. They know how to engage buyers who would be interested in a home and how to best show a home in a way that appeals to a buyer. That diligence about condition translates into knowing where they can negotiate on price. A buyer's agent also knows what can be changed easily and the improvements that would add value to a home.
For some sellers, hiring a buyer's agent is an attractive idea because you'd theoretically benefit from their specialized insights. Because they show so many homes and spend so much time with buyers, you'd get a peek into the minds of what potential homeowners want right now. However, hiring the buyer's agent that helped you find your home to sell it a few years later may not be the best option.
Can a Seller Hire a Buyer's Agent?
Here's the issue: How to actually hire a buyer's agent to represent the sale of your home. Remember, buyer's agents are obligated to the best interests of a buyer, not a seller. So, exclusive buyer's agents likely will not work with a seller.
Some buyer's agents will work with a seller who will need to buy a property in the same area by handling both transactions. Occasionally, these agents can offer you a discount on services relating to listing your home, but this would depend on the real estate agent. If you don't want to make multiple calls to multiple real estate agents, having sole representation for both transactions would cut down on the back-and-forth.
Then, there are real estate agents who are generalists, but have expertise representing buyers and may even market their experience as a buyer's agent on their websites. However, they are not exclusive buyer's agents. You can ask these real estate agents to "put on their buyer's agent" hat (so to speak) as you work together.
What is a Listing Agent?
A listing agent is a real estate agent who specializes in working with sellers. They have a seller's best interests in mind, which is to get the most money for their property in the shortest timeframe. Listing agents may also have specific expertise in a type of home: Historic homes, luxury properties, townhouses, condos, vacation homes, or even specific styles (like mid-century modern homes).
Like a buyer's agent, a listing agent is focused on making a sale. However, the route they take to get to the sale is a bit different. Their job is to achieve or exceed your asking price. Arriving at the price is based on comparable properties, plus specifics to your home that may add value. Then, the listing agent develops a marketing strategy to get buyers and agents interested but also presents your home in the best light. A listing agent will also spend time on staging your home and other changes you can make to bring out the beauty of your home.
Listing agents have insights on what convinces buyers to make an offer on a home, how to distinguish your listing from similar homes, and how to adjust your strategy based on current local marketing conditions. Further, listing agents have an advantage when it comes to negotiation. They're more likely to set a higher asking price than an agent who deals more with the buyers' side of transactions.
Why Should I Hire a Listing Agent?
When hiring an agent to sell your home it's important to understand the different aspects that go into the sale from preparation and marketing to showings and negotiation. An agent that specializes in listing and selling homes will be prepared with a plan for your listing to come to market in the most effective way possible.
Often times, what happens before a property is listed are the most important parts of selling the property. Between pricing strategy, staging, photography, videography, and online marketing listing agents have proven tactics for each of these steps. Once you're ready to list your home your listing agent will walk you through all of the steps of the process such as hosting open houses and navigating multiple offer situations.
A buyer's agent may not be prepared or trained to handle all of the aspects of the sale as efficiently and successfully as a listing agent. Now more than ever, having an expert in your corner during a real estate transaction is vital to the sale of your home.
Meet Sharon
I'm here to help you achieve all of your real estate goals.


text:
Xara Cloud (formerly Online Designer discussion area. Xara Cloud is a great new solution for creating beautiful documents, made to share.
Use this control to limit the display of threads to those newer than the specified time frame.
Allows you to choose the data by which the thread list will be sorted.
Order threads in...
Note: when sorting by date, 'descending order' will show the newest results first.
Forum Rules


text:
It is always worth looking for car body repair in Easton Town SN16 0 if you have been involved in an accident, have been the victim of a crime or need one or two dents or scuffs remedying. While national brands and firms will be able to offer you plenty of support, advice and equipment, you get a genuine, friendly and affordable service from nearby experts.
Seeing damage done to your vehicle is never a nice occasion – which means it's worthwhile consulting with an expert near me who can help to revitalise the car and can help you get back on the road with confidence.
While it's tempting to head back on the road with a few slight dents and dings, it's never worth leaving these types of problems to fester for too long. Therefore, if you have a prang, dint or smash that needs attention sooner rather than later, book in with a local expert in your area or surrounding areas as soon as possible.
One of the major benefits of approaching local experts, too, lies in the fact that you will largely get access to some of the most competitive rates and services around.
Body repair in Easton Town SN16 0 for cars and vehicles which have experienced scuffs and scratches can vary. This means that while we are always happy to help our customers with minor paintwork and chip damage within a few hours, we may also be able to put the very best of our tools to the test when it comes to completely repair a heavily damaged car door, bonnet or bumper https://www.cardentfix.co.uk/bumper/wiltshire/easton-town
Repairs are best undertaken when there's no risk to the remaining vehicle – we will only ever suggest full parts replacements as and where necessary, as these can result in fairly large upheavals for our customers in terms of time and in terms of money.
Save yourself cash and effort and let a nearby expert take a look at your vehicle repairs for you as soon as possible https://www.cardentfix.co.uk/wiltshire/easton-town
While many firms and specialists will offer vehicle body repairs and will claim to offer the cheapest deals around, it is always worth looking closely at what is offered by these experts.
As standard, you should expect the following from a verified, trustworthy and experienced body repair specialist:
Fully guaranteed parts and service, with the option to consult experts further if things haven't gone quite according to plan.
Genuine parts and repairs offered to best fit a variety of car manufacturers and models alike.
Manufacturer standard processes – all repairs should be kept within specifications set by vehicle brands and manufacturers for safety and practical measures.
All repairs should be carried out by trained, certified specialists who are able to demonstrate their expertise and their credentials if required.
Coming away from an accident or a nasty dent can be difficult. It can also be difficult fitting in time to arrange for full or partial vehicle repairs – which is why many people in Easton Town will look for local firms or the closest experts near them at short notice.
Local expertise and care may vary, of course, but you will always need to keep your eye out for a local specialist with plenty of experience and all the right credentials and verifications available to view.
Pay attention to customer reviews, too – we are proud of the superb service we are able to continue offering our customers, and we therefore welcome any and all feedback from those we have helped along the way. People love sharing feedback – and we think it's an essential indicator of how useful and reliable any experts in car body repair in Easton Town SN16 0 can be.
It's worthwhile using a car body repair estimate calculator UK drivers can depend upon if you are worried about what the cost of such repairs is likely to be.
"This company were able to fix my car quickly and to an excellent standard! Strongly recommend them to use for any vehicle damage you might have!"
Things to bear in mind with regard to cost include the make and model of your car, the scale of damage in need of repair, which elements of the car need repairing, and whether or not you need specialist tools or services such as intensive spray painting or texture https://www.cardentfix.co.uk/paintwork/wiltshire/easton-town
Rest assured, we always let you know how much you can expect to pay for your repairs before we get started. A calculator, too, will help you to set your expectations before you put any money forward.
Contact us by using the green contact button below and we will be able to assist you by providing a free quote and all of the information you require to get your car body repair as soon as possible.
Many people are happy to leave minor scuffs and scratches as they may not impact upon their safety or their ability to drive a car – but at the same time, leaving cosmetic issues to fester can result in bigger problems and more expensive jobs down the line.
What's more, even the slightest of faults or issues can impact heavily upon the look and value of your vehicle. How can you expect to sell your car on for what it's worth with an old scratch or dent? It's better to get things seen to sooner rather than later.
Minor dents in Easton Town may not seem like anything to worry about, but, as discussed, leaving them could make things more difficult and maybe even more expensive for you further down the line.
The minute you notice even a slight dent or scrape, it is worth letting an expert take a closer look for you for free – with a quote to hand so you can decide whether or not to take immediate action.
Bumper Repair in Easton Town - https://www.cardentfix.co.uk/bumper/wiltshire/easton-town
Car Paintwork Repair in Easton Town - https://www.cardentfix.co.uk/paintwork/wiltshire/easton-town
If you're worried about dents, scrapes or other damage which is likely to impact upon the overall look and performance of your vehicle, get in touch with our experts nearby today.
Get in touch with our local team of seasoned experts today and let us offer you a reliable quote. Bring your car along to our specialist centre and let us take a look!
We cover Easton Town (Wiltshire)


text:
Please change the location
Please fill in the details below.
You are just one step away from Get the Token
Your slot have been booked successfully
Please reach the shop at on . Token details have been sent to your phone/email. Token is non transferable.
Your home delivery from is scheduled.
Date of Delivery:
Enter the search name and save
By submitting the request, you accept our Terms of use and Privacy Policy
Please wait for second(s)
We appreciate you for contacting us about For Home Nurses in Ernakulam


text:
FlyAnglers OnLine
The fraternity of fly fishers
Since 1997
This is the forum for YOU to list things coming up in YOUR area; fly-fishing club or group meetings or events, shows and fund-raisers. Please remove them as they expire.
Use this control to limit the display of threads to those newer than the specified time frame.
Allows you to choose the data by which the thread list will be sorted.
Order threads in...
Note: when sorting by date, 'descending order' will show the newest results first.
Forum Rules


text:
This page is for recording potential change requests to the OSIS 2.1.1 XML schema, and for defining our own updated schema.
- 1 Bible Technologies Group
- 2 OSIS 2.1.1 Change Requests
- 3 CrossWire updated schema
- 4 Bugs
- 5 Feature requests
- 5.1 OSIS Validation
- 5.1.1 Allow <divineName> within <w>
- 5.1.2 Allow <divineName> within <name>
- 5.1.3 Allow <transChange> within <w>
- 5.1.4 Add an element for morphology within <w>
- 5.1.5 Allow <transChange> within <hi>
- 5.1.6 Allow <catchWord> within <hi>
- 5.1.7 Allow multiple types for <hi>
- 5.1.8 Allow <hi> within <title>
- 5.1.9 Allow <transChange> within <note>
- 5.1.10 Allow <transChange> within <inscription>
- 5.1.11 Allow <hi> within
- 5.1.12 Allow <name> within <name>
- 5.1.13 Allow remote header reference
- 5.1.14 Allow shadow/virtual elements
- 5.1.15 OSIS variants
- 5.1.16 Grain operator @s
- 5.1.17 osisID for title note
- 5.1.18 Allow osisRef attribute in transChange
- 5.1.19 Disallow certain self-closing elements
- 5.2 New Features
- 5.2.1 Biblical Hebrew
- 5.2.2 Add peripheral types from USFM to osisDivs
- 5.2.3 Calendar types
- 5.2.4 Quotation types
- 5.2.5 Milestonable

- 5.2.6 Improve Selah markup
- 5.2.7 title subType
- 5.2.8 New attributes for the <name> element
- 5.2.9 Attributes for the <divineName> element
- 5.2.10 New seg types
- 5.2.11 New hi types
- 5.2.12 Grain operator @s
- 5.2.13 Table cells
- 5.2.14 Pronunciation help
- 5.2.15 Alternate verse number
- 5.2.16 New XML elements
- 5.2.17 USFM 3.0 support
- 5.1 OSIS Validation
- 6 OSIS User Manual (bugs & feature requests)
- 7 See also
- 8 External links
Bible Technologies Group
The BTG that sponsored the OSIS committee and hosted the OSIS schema no longer exists. References that use the domain www.bibletechnologies.net will no longer work. The schema location therefore now needs to be for a local copy on your computer or to a copy hosted by CrossWire or elsewhere[1].
- ↑ e.g. It is also mirrored at http://eBible.org/osisCore.2.1.1.xsd
OSIS 2.1.1 Change Requests
Anyone with an outstanding OSIS bug report or feature proposal for consideration for inclusion into an updated OSIS schema, please write a very concise change request here in this page, including motivating use case.
CrossWire updated schema
An an interim measure, we are maintaining an updated validation schema based on the contents of this page.
- Currently these are looking for a new home[1] but are currently at:
In that location there are various iterations of the schema:
- osisCore.2.1.1-orig.xsd (The original schema, with some changes to whitespace).
- osisCore.2.1.1-cw1.xsd
- osisCore.2.1.1-cw2.xsd
- ...
- osisCore.2.1.1-cwN.xsd (Where N is the highest version number.)
- osisCore.2.1.1-cw-latest.xsd (The same as osisCore.2.1.1-cwN.xsd)
i.e. The most recent edition will usually be found in the osis directory, with filename osisCore.2.1.1-cw-latest.xsd.
This URL may be used in place of the official BibleTechnologies URL for validating XML files submitted for modules.
- ↑ A repository has been created on our Society's GitLab group.
Alpha testing bugs
- List bugs in the schema that cause correct OSIS not to validate.
osisGenRegex bug
Currently that regex looks like [1], but it should looks like [2]:
[1] ((((\p{L}|\p{N}|_)+)(\.(\p{L}|\p{N}|_))*:)?([^:\s])+) [2] ((((\p{L}|\p{N}|_)+)(\.(\p{L}|\p{N}|_)+)*:)?([^:\s])+) (missing + right here ^)
So our document with the following element isn't valid because the string "Strong" cannot be more than 1 character long in the current schema: <w morph="robinson:N-NSF" lemma="lemma.Strong:βίβλος">βίβλος</w>
--Osk 19:48, 5 November 2010 (UTC)
milestoned <lg>
Since the <l> element can only occur within an <lg> element, use of milestoned <lg> prevents use of <l> elements (within that <lg>). Since <lg> is milestonable, one would presume that the following snippet would be valid, but it is not, for the above reason:
<lg sID="eg1"/> <l>Poetry line</l> <l>Poetry line</l> <lg eID="eg1"/>
--Osk 18:18, 31 December 2011 (MST)
The <lg> element does not allow for mixed content. However the use of the milestoned <lg> wrongly allows for it.
<lg sID="eg2"/> text <lg eID="eg2"/>
--Dmsmith 16:29, 14 October 2012 (MDT)
<closer> in <verse> container?
According to the OSIS manual (cf. 11.1.3 on p. 58), it should be possible to embed a <closer> element within a <verse> container, but the schema does not allow this. One or the other should be corrected. --Osk 05:56, 6 July 2012 (MDT)
<seg> in <cell>
This was already reported to osis-users, but for the sake of completeness: There's a typo that allows "seq" in <cell> instead of "seg". --Osk 04:29, 22 February 2014 (MST)
Correct the osisRef syntax for a non-verse-keyed OSIS module
The following syntax for such an osisRef link currently works but does not validate to osisCore.2.1.1.xsd
The schema expects a period in place of each solidus. See here.
David Haslam (talk) 16:27, 22 June 2020 (UTC)
Beta testing bugs
- List bugs in the schema that allow incorrect OSIS to validate.
In these lines of the schema:
<xs:simpleType name="rdgType"> <xs:union memberTypes="osisRdg attributeExtension xs:string"/> </xs:simpleType>
- osisRdg is a list (alternate, variant).
- attributeExtension is a regular expression allowing x-….
- xs:string allows any string expression.
Thus rdg elements with any text value as the type attribute will always validate, even though they should fail for anything other than (alternate, variant, x-userdefined)
David Haslam 07:19, 22 January 2016 (MST)
Similar to above:
<xs:simpleType name="lineType"> <xs:union memberTypes="osisLine attributeExtension xs:string"/> </xs:simpleType>
David Haslam 07:24, 22 January 2016 (MST)
Similar to above:
<xs:simpleType name="lineGroupType"> <xs:union memberTypes="osisLineGroup attributeExtension xs:string"/> </xs:simpleType>
David Haslam 07:24, 22 January 2016 (MST)
Feature requests
OSIS Validation
- List OSIS constructs that currently fail to validate, yet which would be better to allow, or vice versa.
Allow <divineName> within <w>
Often a Hebrew word is translated into multiple English words. In the case of the Divine name, the tetragrammaton, there are frequent "of the LORD", "to the LORD", "the LORD", .... In OSIS these would properly be represented as: <w lemma="strong:H03068">the <divineName>Lord</divineName></w>. To get around this short-coming a hack has to be employed where an element that allows <divineName> is allowed to be in <w>. <seg> is allowed in <w> and allows <divineName> within it: <w>the <seg><divineName>Lord</divineName></seg></w>.
Note: the most recent release of the KJV assumes that this has been fixed. --Dmsmith 07:20, 23 February 2014 (MST)
- This change would wrongly permit to have more than one divineName element within a w element. Though there are no circumstances where this would ever arise in a genuine Bible translation, it's still a risk that we now have this loophole in the schema. David Haslam (talk) 01:47, 25 May 2017 (MDT)
- Even so, the oirginal workaround with the seg element could also have permitted having more than one divineName element within a w element. The risk is not new! David Haslam (talk) 11:39, 25 May 2017 (MDT)
- This change would wrongly permit to have more than one divineName element within a w element. Though there are no circumstances where this would ever arise in a genuine Bible translation, it's still a risk that we now have this loophole in the schema. David Haslam (talk) 01:47, 25 May 2017 (MDT)
Allow <divineName> within <name>
The OSIS generated by usfm2osis.py for beibl.net files provided one example [1], viz.
<verse sID="Num.21.14" osisID="Num.21.14"/>Mae <name type="x-workTitle">Llyfr Rhyfeloedd yr <divineName>ARGLWYDD</divineName> </name> yn cyfeirio at y lle fel yma:
A similar hack is required using <seg>, viz.
<verse sID="Num.21.14" osisID="Num.21.14"/>Mae <name type="x-workTitle">Llyfr Rhyfeloedd yr <seg><divineName>ARGLWYDD</divineName></seg> </name> yn cyfeirio at y lle fel yma:
This ought also to apply for any other element that allows seg but not divineName.
Allow <transChange> within <w>
An encoder ought to be allowed to put <transChange> on elements smaller than an orthographic word. If I'm translating an instance of "λόγος", but for some reason I believe that I should translate it as "words", I ought to be able to encode <w>word<transChange>s</transChange></w>. --Osk 19:48, 5 November 2010 (UTC)
Add an element for morphology within <w>
Necessary for encoding documents like MORPH (WLC + morphology), we need an element to embed within <w> to carry lexical information. I suggest calling it <m> and giving it all of the attributes found on <w>. --Osk 19:48, 5 November 2010 (UTC)
Allow <transChange> within <hi>
A highlighted sentence or part of a sentence is a unit, including any transChange parts of it. At the moment a highlighted sentence with a transChange will look like this:
<hi type="bold"> Texttexttext </hi><transChange><hi type="bold"> moreText</hi></transChange><hi type="bold"> TextText</hi>
<hi type="bold"> Texttexttext <transChange>moreText</transChange> TextText</hi>
This would look cleaner and would be also closer to what is meant. refdoc:talk 16:02, 3 August 2011 (MDT)
Allow <catchWord> within <hi>
A highlighted sentence or part of a sentence is a unit, including any catchWord parts of it. At the moment a highlighted sentence with a catchWord will look like this:
<hi type="bold"> Texttexttext </hi><catchWord><hi type="bold"> moreText</hi></catchWord><hi type="bold"> TextText</hi>
<hi type="bold"> Texttexttext <catchWord>moreText</catchWord> TextText</hi>
This is identical in form to the <transChange> issue. The problem with both of these is that <transChange> and <catchWord> may reasonably be styled in the same fashion as what is indicated by <hi>. --Dmsmith 16:58, 14 October 2012 (MDT)
- The OSIS User Manual recommends that text within a catchWord element be rendered as bold italics. David Haslam (talk)
Allow multiple types for <hi>
It'd really be convenient for
<hi type="bold italic small-caps">text</hi>
rather than
<hi type="bold"><hi type="italic"><hi type="small-caps">text</hi></hi></hi>
--Dmsmith 16:57, 14 October 2012 (MDT)
Allow <hi> within <title>
There are some languages for which the earlier orthography used an italicised N (both cases) as a separate letter of the alphabet.
Example: Old Pohnpeian. Allowing <hi type="italics">n</h> within the text of a title element would obviate the need to use the seg element as a workaround.
David Haslam 13:55, 15 January 2016 (MST)
- The use of italics to mark a single character within a word must interfere with the the search function of SWORD and JSword. It would have been better if the Old Pohnpeian alphabet had used a separate character such as Ñ (ñ). In the modern orthography, the digraph ng is used for this consonant. David Haslam (talk) 11:27, 14 February 2016 (MST)
Allow <transChange> within <note>
When translating an alternate Greek version of a passage, added words need to be indicated.
Note: the most recent release of the KJV assumes that this has been fixed. --Dmsmith 07:22, 23 February 2014 (MST)
Allow <transChange> within <inscription>
Some translations of Rev.17.5 may require this.
<verse osisID="Rev.17.5">in na njenem čelu <transChange type="added">je bilo</transChange> napisano ime: <inscription>SKRIVNOST, VÉLIKA <transChange type="added">[METROPOLA]</transChange> BABILON, MATI POCESTNIC<note type="study">POCESTNIC: ali, PREŠUŠTEV</note> IN OGABNOSTI ZEMLJE</inscription>.</verse>
It can be worked around using the usual seg kludge. David Haslam (talk) 22:13, 3 January 2019 (UTC)
Allow <hi> within
To restrict the highlighting to letters and exclude punctuation marks, the abbr element should allow the hi element. This avoids having to use a seg hack to achieve the required markup:
<hi type="spaced-letters">PSAL</hi>.
would become possible, and obviates the need to treat any characters different to others as the engine renders the special higlighting.
Allow <name> within <name>
There is a requirement to do this for various multi-word names, e.g.
<name type="person" regular="Jesus">Jesus of <name type="geographic">Nazareth</name></name>
<name type="person" regular="Doeg">Doeg the <name type="ethnic">Edomite</name></name>
<name type="geographic" regular="Cana">Cana in <name type="geographic">Galilee</name></name>
<name type="person" regular="Pilate">Pontius <name type="person">Pilate</name></name>
Currently, a hack using the seg element has to be used. David Haslam (talk)
Allow remote header reference
When serving short passages via web services, as valid OSIS documents, a full header is obtrusive. Also, in a collection of related documents, for example separate book files for a Bible, one centralized header would be more maintainable. The simplest approach would probably be to allow @href on the header element, to abstract some or all of the header content. See Troy's related post.
Allow shadow/virtual elements
A second requirement for distributing valid OSIS fragments through web services is a form of virtual, or shadow, element to supply the context of the given fragment. A new global attribute for indicating this virtual status is essential to distinguish them from the actual markup of the document. In the ESV API, they have this construct via `virtual` attribute (see description for `include-virtual-attributes``). See Troy's related post (same as previous).
OSIS variants
Currently, SWORD supports only 2 variants in the main text, and uses the following syntax:
<seg type="x-variant" subType="x-1">text </seg><seg type="x-variant" subType="x-2">text </seg>
Variants shouldn't have to rely upon user-defined attribute values like this. It would be better to have a new variant attribute for the seg element whose value can be the variant number. See below.
Grain operator @s
Currently, OSIS deems as invalid[1] a grain operator string that has a typographical apostrophe, or one that is hyphenated, whether by a hyphen or an endash as in the KJV module, e.g.
<catchWord osisRef="Gen.16.14@s[Beer–lahai–roi]">Beer–lahai–roi</catchWord>
Other likely punctuation marks (in Latin scripts at least) include period, comma, semicolon, colon, parentheses & the horizontal ellipsis between words.
A possible solution would be to extend the OSIS schema to permit the use of XML numerical character entities[2] within an osisRef fine grain string.[3][4][5]
The example would then become:
<catchWord osisRef="Gen.16.14@s[Beer–lahai–roi]">Beer–lahai–roi</catchWord>
- ↑ The string must first also match the following regular expression in "osisCore.2.1.1-cw-latest.xsd" called osisGenRegex:
<xs:pattern value="((((\p{L}|\p{N}|_)+)(\.(\p{L}|\p{N}|_)+)*:)?([^:\s])+)"/>
Essentially, this allows only numbers and letters or a low line, so it also excludes diacritics as separate Unicode characters. - ↑ These are already valid syntax within XML attributes.
- ↑ We would need to ensure that the module build tools in SWORD utilities do not automatically replace each such entity by the character.
- ↑ The SWORD API would need to decode such entities before passing the string to the search function.
- ↑ This would, in theory, also also facilitate the inclusion of any number of spaces within the string.
osisID for title note
The following is invalid:
<note type="study" osisRef="Ps.4.1!title" osisID="Ps.4.1!title!note.a" n="a">
cf. In the KJV module, 47 of the 116 canonical Psalm titles have such a note.
The recommended solution is to replace the second ! by a period, e.g.
<note type="study" osisRef="Ps.4.1!title" osisID="Ps.4.1!title.note.a" n="a">
One can have any number of periods as a word separator in this part of an osisID attribute value.
Allow osisRef attribute in transChange
This would permit the following in (e.g.) 2Sam.23.8:
<transChange type="added" subType="x-copied-from" osisRef="1Chr.11.11">he lift up his spear</transChange>
cf. The words "he lift up his spear" was copied by the KJV translators from the parallel verse in 1 Chronicles.
David Haslam (talk) 13:32, 10 May 2020 (UTC)
Disallow certain self-closing elements
Note element
The following anomaly was discovered almost inadvertently while testing module HunUj from CrossWire Beta.
$$$Genesis 32:2 Jákób is útnak indult, és találkoztak vele Isten angyalai.<note n="a" osisID="Gen.32.2!crossReference.a" osisRef="Gen.32.2" type="crossReference"/>
The note element was semantically incorrect, having no content on account of it being self-closing. The mistake was not detected during validation to the OSIS schema. It's currently valid in OSIS 2.1.1 and certainly passes XML syntax check.
The module bug was reported to the developer and has already been fixed in the source text.
David Haslam (talk) 18:11, 20 June 2020 (UTC)
Other elements
By the same token, we should also disallow the following self-closing elements with no text:

 <catchWord /> <closer /> <divineName /> <foreign /> <inscription /> <list /> <q /> <rdg /> <reference /> <salute /> <seg /> <speaker /> <speech />
 <title /> <transChange /> <w />
- This list is not exhaustive.
- The rule should apply irrespective of any such an element having attributes.
David Haslam (talk) 16:21, 23 June 2020 (UTC)
New Features
- List new features or extensions to existing features here.
Biblical Hebrew
Add further <hi> types to support Biblical Hebrew
The Masoretic Text includes some words whose characters have a different style than the main text. These three styles use "large", "small" and "suspended" letters.[1]
MT scholars would find it beneficial if these special text styles could be properly represented in OSIS XML (and rendered as such in modules).
Provide type attribute values to support small, large and suspended Hebrew glyphs.
This would enable more accurate display of these orthographic peculiarities found in the Tanakh.
Biblical Hebrew is an area where the usual priority of semantic markup over presentational markup cannot be taken for granted.
David Haslam
These new hi types should be implemented in a way that retains the compatibility with search features. A whole word should be wrapped, with the letters to be rendered specified by means of a further attribute value.
Improve Ketiv/Qere markup in Biblical Hebrew
See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qere_and_Ketiv
A ketiv or qere can consist of one or more words, and so need to be grouped and related to one another. I propose adding <ketiv> with @id, and <qere> with @idref, to contain the content (<w> elements) and allow validation of the connection. A qere with no ketiv could be marked up without the @idref.
- This sounds like a good application for <seg>. I would recommend named types for <seg> instead: ketiv & qere. --Osk 00:37, 23 February 2014 (MST)
- <seg type="qere">...</seg> and <seg type="ketiv">...</seg> is the change request.
- <seg type="x-qere">...</seg> and <seg type="x-ketiv">...</seg> could be used interim.
Or we could adapt the new proposal for OSIS variants. David Haslam (talk)
Add peripheral types from USFM to osisDivs
Add the additional USFM peripheral types to osisDivs to maintain feature parity. I believe OSIS 2.1.1 had this feature parity at the time of its release, but USFM has standardized additional peripheral types since then, which should be added as: halfTitlePage, promotionalPage, foreword, alphabeticalContents, tableofAbbreviations, chronology, weightsandMeasures, mapIndex, ntQuotesfromLXX, spine --Osk 01:04, 23 February 2014 (MST)
Calendar types
Add the following calendar system:
- type="Ethiopian"
May be required as and when we support Bibles & Commentaries for the Ethiopian Orthodox Church. David Haslam (talk)
Quotation types
From the manual (p. 43): "The rendering for quotations marks after an interruption, for example, can be distinguished using the type attribute on this element, with values such as initial, medial, and final." Please make these @type values official: initial, medial, and final.
Milestonable

For documents where the primary structure is book, chapter, verse, like the Authorized Version or the Hebrew Bible, we should be able to mark up paragraphs as milestones. This would allow for equality, rather than making book, section, paragraph a privileged system.
Improve Selah markup
Selah can be represented at the end of a line. The markup of <l type="selah">...</l>
does not allow for the text identified as selah to be at the end of the current line. Maybe allow for a separate markup, rather than a type of line.
- But see also http://www.crosswire.org/tracker/browse/MODTOOLS-84 David Haslam (talk)
title subType
Add the following attributes for use along with type="chapter"
in the title element.
subType="chapterDescription" subType="chapterLabel"
The former would faciliate SWORD to be extended to show chapter descriptions in italics and normal font size or smaller.
The latter would faciltate SWORD to be extended to display the module chapter labels instead of the normal chapter labels programmed in the front-end.
Currently, these are typically done using "x-" prefix in the attribute value, without any SWORD support. David Haslam (talk)
New attributes for the <name> element
name type="ethnic", etc
Allow type="ethnic"
as an attribute of the name element to identify ethnic names, etc.
Allow subType="people-group"
as an attribute of the name element to identify tribes, etc.
Allow subType="people-group-member"
as an attribute of the name element to identify an individual member of a tribe, etc.
Both these subType values may be used together with either type="ethnic"
or type="geographic"
. David Haslam (talk)
name type="book"
Allow type="book"
as an attribute of the name element to identify Non-canonical books referenced in the Bible.
name type="calendric"
Allow type="calendric"
as an attribute of the name element to identify calendar objects.
Allow subType="month"
to identify named months in the Hebrew calendar.
Allow (e.g.) n="9"
as the corresponding month number. David Haslam
name sex="male" and sex="female"
Define new attribute sex for use in the name element along with type="person"
Attributes for the <divineName> element
divineName type normal
There are four places in the KJV where the word JEHOVAH is all uppercase, but not small-caps. The following markup is desirable for these:
<divineName type="normal">JEHOVAH</divineName>
The locations are: Exodus 6:3, Psalms 83:18, Isaiah 12:2, Isaiah 26:4.
divineName type added
There are a few places in the KJV where the divineName element is found within text marked by the transChange element! It may help computers to find these if the following markup were to be defined:
<divineName type="added">Lord</divineName>
Aside: If it was added by the translators, it was not in the original Hebrew, so by definition, it could not have been the tetragrammaton.
New seg types
In addition to these defined type values,
- • alluded • keyword • otPassage • verseNumber
it would be useful to add several further types for the seg element. David Haslam
This is already documented in the OSIS Reference § 11.1.4. Benedictions but is not listed in § 13.14. seg.
For Bible modules that do not use poetry line elements, this would provide a means to markup the refrains in such passages as Deut.27-15-25 and Psalm.136
The proposed new syntax is:
<seg variant="1">text </seg><seg variant="2">text </seg><seg variant="3">text </seg>
- The number of variants shouldn't be limited.
- Primary and Secondary reading terminology should be dropped in favour of specified variant names
- The name for each numbered variant should be identified in the module .conf file.
Implementation details:
- SWORD must cope with variant text that is only part of a word as well as multiple words
- The default should be for SWORD to display variant #1 which assumed to be the base text.
- Front-ends should have a UI option to select which variants should be displayed. See [2]
- How variants are to be displayed is at the discretion of the front-end developers.
- If two or more variants are displayed simultaneously as in-line text, then suitable delimiters are required, unless (e.g.) colour coding is used to distinguish each variant.
New hi types
In addition to these defined type values[1],
- • acrostic • bold • emphasis • illuminated • italic • line-through • normal • small-caps • sub • super • underline
it would be useful to add several further types for the hi element. David Haslam
For Bibles (such as the English Revised Version of 1885) where the printed edition has the first word (or two) of each chapter in uppercase, it would be preferable for the underlying text to be in ordinary sentence case and the first word[s] marked using:
<hi type="caps">...</hi>
SWORD already supports type="overline"
for the hi element, despite it not being defined in the schema before.
Dotted underline is sometimes used in Chinese ideographic script to highlight certain words. Should we provide for this in OSIS?
This is similar to dotted underline, but the line is dashed rather than dotted.
Many of the book titles in the Blayney edition contain words in which the letters are spaced. e.g.
The R E V E L A T I O N of S. J O H N the Divine.
It's desirable to have a new highlight type for these, e.g.
<hi type="spaced-letters">REVELATION</hi>
In this way the highlighted text will be semantically still be the same word, even though it is displayed differently. As and when this is implemented by SWORD, the letter spacing should be done by intelligent rendering rather than by inserting spaces. This would be especially important for front-end apps that feature text to speech for selected text.
Many printed Bibles use drop-caps for the first letter in a verse[2], usually the first verse in each chapter. To reproduce this in electronic editions, a means to implement this presentational format is required.
- ↑ Some of the hi type values defined in OSIS do not yet have an assigned character style programmed in SWORD.
renders as normal text. - ↑ To maintain comptibility with search features, the whole word should be marked, not just the first letter.
The same goes fortype="illuminated".
. The style sheet or rendering will determine that it applies only to the first letter.
Grain operator @s
The osisRef fine grain string[1] operator @s[text] works only for a whole word without spaces.
It would be useful to expand this operator to facilitate:
- text containing spaces, rather than only a single word[2]
- returning the whole string rather than merely a pointer to its first character
- text containing punctuation marks. See above.
- a shorter way of specifying a range of consecutive words within the same osisRef[3], by such as:
- to allow a method for the user agent (e.g. SWORD) to process a fine grain string ending with "…", the HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS (U+2026), by returning the match as to just before the next terminating punctuation mark, or the end of the specified osisRef.
- ↑ OSIS User Manual (pp.82, 91, 148). It's uncertain whether this OSIS feature is even supported by SWORD.
- ↑ Probably impossible due to the manner in which XML handles spaces, rather than OSIS in particular.
- ↑ This would avoid having to repeat the full osisRef for the end of the range. e.g.
<catchWord osisRef="Lev.23.40@s[boughs]-Lev.23.40@s[trees]">boughs of goodly trees</catchWord>
David Haslam 27 January 2016 (MST) Updated David Haslam 29 April 2020 (MST) Updated David Haslam (talk) 16:36, 4 May 2020 (UTC)
Table cells
The cell element should have the attributes rows and cols to specify the spanning of a cell horizontally and vertically. Using subType is insufficient to communicate to values. Dmsmith
- USFM 3.0 defines updated syntax for column spanning in table rows. David Haslam (talk)
Pronunciation help
Although mentioned briefly in the OSIS 2.1.1 User Manual, there is no defined element in OSIS for pronunciation help. Such a feature would be useful for all the proper names in the Bible, many of which are unusual, especially in terms of how a speaker of the translation language might attempt to pronounce them.
Although proper names are a good reason for having an OSIS extension, pronunciation is essentially a word level requirement. I would therefore propose that the OSIS w element be enhanced by the following attribute:
A phonetic attribute would necessitate defining which system of phonetic notation[1][2] is to be used in the work. This needs to be defined under the work element in the OSIS header.
- ↑ e.g. IPA, Arpabet, etc.
- ↑ See also the BBC Text Spelling Guide
Alternate verse number
USFM to OSIS converters generally replace \va_#\va* (and \ca_#\ca*) by a milestone element. These remain hidden by SWORD. It would make sense to define a suitable OSIS element for these such that SWORD could display them when an appropriate option is enabled and hide them when it's disabled.
New XML elements
The <number> element
Define a number element to mark all natural numbers found in Scripture. This would be particularly useful in Bibles such as the KJV where numbers are expressed in words.
For the number element, allow type="cardinal" and use attribute n to record the decimal integer value. e.g.
<number type="cardinal" n="80">fourscore</number> <number type="cardinal" n="153">an hundred and fifty and three</number>
Allow type="ordinal" for first, second, third, fourth, etc.
Allow type="fractional" e.g. for "one half", "a third part", "a tenth", etc.
This could facilitate programmatic enquiries about numbers in the Bible.
Front-end apps might be enhanced to (e.g.) display a tooltip with the numeric value.
NB. Special provision would be required when the number in text encompasses another word, as in Psalm 90:10
<number type="cardinal" n="70">threescore years and ten</number>
In this example, the word 'years' is not part of the numeral. David Haslam (talk)
The <unit> element
Define a unit element to mark all measurable units found in Scripture. The following type attributes should be included:
- currency
- length
- area
- volume
- weight
- time
Further thought might be given to having an equivalent attribute, for units that have approximate equivalents in modern (e.g. S.I.) units.
Among other things, the number element should allow the unit element to be included.
The sole exceptional case in the previous subsection would then become:
<number type="cardinal" n="70">threescore <unit type="time">years</unit> and ten</number>
Another unusual case is when units are implied by the absence of repetition, as in:
forty cubits long and thirty broad
This might become:
<number type="cardinal" n="40">forty</number> <unit type="length">cubits</unit> long and <number type="cardinal" n="30">thirty</number><unit type="length" subType="x-implied" n="cubits"/> broad
USFM 3.0 support
There are several new markers in USFM 3.0 as well as some syntax changes. OSIS needs to be enhanced to support suitable equivalents of these new and updated features.
OSIS User Manual (bugs & feature requests)
- List here any errors in the OSIS User Manual and any omissions that need rectifiying.
head element
The OSIS manual give the head element as a means of providing for titles. It is not in the schema as a child of div, but it is in the manual.
divineName element
Manual gives type="x-yhwh"
in § 18.104.22.168 but it's unnecessary. It also has the content as LORD, but it should be Lord.
seg type="benediction"
This is mentioned as a suggestion in § 11.1.4 but benediction is not a defined value for the type attribute of seg.
These are • alluded • keyword • otPassage • verseNumber. It should therefore either have the "x-" prefix or be defined as an addition to the schema. See above.
Right double quotation mark
Some XML code samples have attributes wrapped between two double right quotation marks (U+201D) rather than ordinary double quotation mark (U+0022).
Instances found in pages 20, 40, 41, 45, 47, 48, 63, 80, 87. Some pages have it multiple times.
David Haslam (talk) 11:37, 10 December 2017 (MST)
Appendix D.1.1 English Editions (prefix "en:")
- Add further abbreviations for all the English Bibles published since OSIS 2.1.1 was released.
<contributor> in <work>
If the contributor element is used within the work element, it fails to validate if it comes after the creator element. This is contrary to the example given in section 7.1 on page 23 of the OSIS 2.1 User Manual.
<work osisWork="EG"> <title>Egyptian Grammar</title> <creator role="aut">Alan Gardiner</creator> <contributor role="dte">Francis Llewellyn Griffith</contributor> <date event="original" type="gregorian">1927</date> <date event="eversion" type="gregorian">2003</date> <type type="x-grammar">Grammar</type> <publisher>Griffith Institute, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford</publisher> <language type="ISO-639">EN</language> <language type="Ethnologue">EG-ancient</language> <identifier type="ISBN">0900416351</identifier> <identifier type="LCCN">95230980</identifer> </work>
--David Haslam (talk) 13:56, 28 December 2017 (MST)
- The user manual is in error.
- The work element defines a strict order (aka sequence) of optional elements.
<xs:sequence> <xs:element name="title" type="titleCT" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> <xs:element name="contributor" type="contributorCT" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> <xs:element name="creator" type="creatorCT" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> <xs:element name="subject" type="subjectCT" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> <xs:element name="date" type="dateCT" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> <xs:element name="description" type="descriptionCT" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> <xs:element name="publisher" type="publisherCT" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> <xs:element name="type" type="typeCT" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> <xs:element name="format" type="formatCT" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> <xs:element name="identifier" type="identifierCT" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> <xs:element name="source" type="sourceCT" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> <xs:element name="language" type="languageCT" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> <xs:element name="relation" type="relationCT" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> <xs:element name="coverage" type="coverageCT" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> <xs:element name="rights" type="rightsCT" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> <xs:element name="scope" type="scopeCT" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> <xs:element name="castList" type="castListCT" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> <xs:element name="teiHeader" type="teiHeaderCT" minOccurs="0"/> <xs:element name="refSystem" type="refSystemCT" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> </xs:sequence>
- --David Haslam (talk) 13:58, 28 December 2017 (MST)
milestone element
Section 12 on page 72 includes the following paragraph:
When setting the attribute n on a milestone, it should indicate the number of the unit starting, not the unit ending. For example, <milestone type="page" n="3"/> indicates the break between pages 2 and 3, not between pages 3 and 4. Numbering does not need to be unique across various types of milestones -- for example, the 24th line on page 5 of a manuscript may be marked simply n="24", rather than n="5.24" or something similar.
However, page is not a predefined type attribute value! The example should be <milestone type="pb" n="3"/>
--David Haslam (talk) 02:36, 3 January 2018 (MST)
Mistaken example for the w element
Section 13.17. w on page 86 has the following example for the use of the w element.
<word gloss="s:H325>Ahasuerus</word>
This is a mistake. It should read,
<w gloss="s:H325>Ahasuerus</w>
--David Haslam (talk) 15:44, 24 March 2020 (UTC)
Grain operator @s
- An undocumented feature has just come to light.
Recent study of the .xsd file for OSIS 2.1.1 has led to the discovery that the following example is valid for the osisRef fine grain @s operator.
We are making the assumption that, as the bracketed number defaults to [1] when omitted, that the example given would point to the second occurrence of "the" in verse text, thus:
Genesis 1:4: And God saw the light, that it was good: and God divided the light from the darkness.
--David Haslam (talk) 16:26, 4 May 2020 (UTC)
See also
External links
- Our friend, Michael Paul Johnson maintains his own Modified OSIS schema. This is used in his Haila software.
- OpenScriptureInformationStandard has created a new home for the OSIS specification on GitHub. There are two public repositories: