text:
PostgreSQL 9.5.25 Documentation | |||
Prev | Up | Chapter 12. Full Text Search | Next |
To implement full text searching there must be a function to create a tsvector from a document and a tsquery from a user query. Also, we need to return results in a useful order, so we need a function that compares documents with respect to their relevance to the query. It's also important to be able to display the results nicely. PostgreSQL provides support for all of these functions.
PostgreSQL provides the function to_tsvector
for converting a document to the tsvector data type.
to_tsvector([ config regconfig, ] document text) returns tsvector
parses a textual document into tokens, reduces the tokens to lexemes, and returns a tsvector which lists the lexemes together with their positions in the document. The document is processed according to the specified or default text search configuration. Here is a simple example:
SELECT to_tsvector('english', 'a fat cat sat on a mat - it ate a fat rats'); to_tsvector ----------------------------------------------------- 'ate':9 'cat':3 'fat':2,11 'mat':7 'rat':12 'sat':4
In the example above we see that the resulting tsvector does not contain the words a, on, or it, the word rats became rat, and the punctuation sign - was ignored.
The to_tsvector
function internally calls a parser which breaks the document text into tokens and assigns a type to each token. For each token, a list of dictionaries (Section 12.6) is consulted, where the list can vary depending on the token type. The first dictionary that recognizes the token emits one or more normalized lexemes to represent the token. For example, rats became rat because one of the dictionaries recognized that the word rats is a plural form of rat. Some words are recognized as stop words (Section 12.6.1), which causes them to be ignored since they occur too frequently to be useful in searching. In our example these are a, on, and it. If no dictionary in the list recognizes the token then it is also ignored. In this example that happened to the punctuation sign - because there are in fact no dictionaries assigned for its token type (Space symbols), meaning space tokens will never be indexed. The choices of parser, dictionaries and which types of tokens to index are determined by the selected text search configuration (Section 12.7). It is possible to have many different configurations in the same database, and predefined configurations are available for various languages. In our example we used the default configuration english for the English language.
The function setweight
can be used to label the entries of a tsvector with a given weight, where a weight is one of the letters A, B, C, or D. This is typically used to mark entries coming from different parts of a document, such as title versus body. Later, this information can be used for ranking of search results.
Because to_tsvector
(NULL) will return NULL, it is recommended to use coalesce
whenever a field might be null. Here is the recommended method for creating a tsvector from a structured document:
UPDATE tt SET ti = setweight(to_tsvector(coalesce(title,'')), 'A') || setweight(to_tsvector(coalesce(keyword,'')), 'B') || setweight(to_tsvector(coalesce(abstract,'')), 'C') || setweight(to_tsvector(coalesce(body,'')), 'D');
Here we have used setweight
to label the source of each lexeme in the finished tsvector, and then merged the labeled tsvector values using the tsvector concatenation operator ||. (Section 12.4.1 gives details about these operations.)
PostgreSQL provides the functions to_tsquery
and plainto_tsquery
for converting a query to the tsquery data type. to_tsquery
offers access to more features than plainto_tsquery
, but is less forgiving about its input.
to_tsquery([ config regconfig, ] querytext text) returns tsquery
creates a tsquery value from querytext, which must consist of single tokens separated by the Boolean operators & (AND), | (OR) and ! (NOT). These operators can be grouped using parentheses. In other words, the input to to_tsquery
must already follow the general rules for tsquery input, as described in Section 8.11. The difference is that while basic tsquery input takes the tokens at face value, to_tsquery
normalizes each token to a lexeme using the specified or default configuration, and discards any tokens that are stop words according to the configuration. For example:
SELECT to_tsquery('english', 'The & Fat & Rats'); to_tsquery --------------- 'fat' & 'rat'
As in basic tsquery input, weight(s) can be attached to each lexeme to restrict it to match only tsvector lexemes of those weight(s). For example:
SELECT to_tsquery('english', 'Fat | Rats:AB'); to_tsquery ------------------ 'fat' | 'rat':AB
Also, * can be attached to a lexeme to specify prefix matching:
SELECT to_tsquery('supern:*A & star:A*B'); to_tsquery -------------------------- 'supern':*A & 'star':*AB
Such a lexeme will match any word in a tsvector that begins with the given string.
can also accept single-quoted phrases. This is primarily useful when the configuration includes a thesaurus dictionary that may trigger on such phrases. In the example below, a thesaurus contains the rule supernovae stars : sn:
SELECT to_tsquery('''supernovae stars'' & !crab'); to_tsquery --------------- 'sn' & !'crab'
Without quotes, to_tsquery
will generate a syntax error for tokens that are not separated by an AND or OR operator.
plainto_tsquery([ config regconfig, ] querytext text) returns tsquery
transforms unformatted text querytext to tsquery. The text is parsed and normalized much as for to_tsvector
, then the & (AND) Boolean operator is inserted between surviving words.
SELECT plainto_tsquery('english', 'The Fat Rats'); plainto_tsquery ----------------- 'fat' & 'rat'
Note that plainto_tsquery
cannot recognize Boolean operators, weight labels, or prefix-match labels in its input:
SELECT plainto_tsquery('english', 'The Fat & Rats:C'); plainto_tsquery --------------------- 'fat' & 'rat' & 'c'
Here, all the input punctuation was discarded as being space symbols.
Ranking attempts to measure how relevant documents are to a particular query, so that when there are many matches the most relevant ones can be shown first. PostgreSQL provides two predefined ranking functions, which take into account lexical, proximity, and structural information; that is, they consider how often the query terms appear in the document, how close together the terms are in the document, and how important is the part of the document where they occur. However, the concept of relevancy is vague and very application-specific. Different applications might require additional information for ranking, e.g., document modification time. The built-in ranking functions are only examples. You can write your own ranking functions and/or combine their results with additional factors to fit your specific needs.
The two ranking functions currently available are:
Ranks vectors based on the frequency of their matching lexemes.
This function computes the cover density ranking for the given document vector and query, as described in Clarke, Cormack, and Tudhope's "Relevance Ranking for One to Three Term Queries" in the journal "Information Processing and Management", 1999. Cover density is similar to ts_rank
ranking except that the proximity of matching lexemes to each other is taken into consideration.
This function requires lexeme positional information to perform its calculation. Therefore, it ignores any "stripped" lexemes in the tsvector. If there are no unstripped lexemes in the input, the result will be zero. (See Section 12.4.1 for more information about the strip
function and positional information in tsvectors.)
For both these functions, the optional weights argument offers the ability to weigh word instances more or less heavily depending on how they are labeled. The weight arrays specify how heavily to weigh each category of word, in the order:
{D-weight, C-weight, B-weight, A-weight}
If no weights are provided, then these defaults are used:
{0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 1.0}
Typically weights are used to mark words from special areas of the document, like the title or an initial abstract, so they can be treated with more or less importance than words in the document body.
Since a longer document has a greater chance of containing a query term it is reasonable to take into account document size, e.g., a hundred-word document with five instances of a search word is probably more relevant than a thousand-word document with five instances. Both ranking functions take an integer normalization option that specifies whether and how a document's length should impact its rank. The integer option controls several behaviors, so it is a bit mask: you can specify one or more behaviors using | (for example, 2|4).
0 (the default) ignores the document length
1 divides the rank by 1 + the logarithm of the document length
2 divides the rank by the document length
4 divides the rank by the mean harmonic distance between extents (this is implemented only by ts_rank_cd
8 divides the rank by the number of unique words in document
16 divides the rank by 1 + the logarithm of the number of unique words in document
32 divides the rank by itself + 1
If more than one flag bit is specified, the transformations are applied in the order listed.
It is important to note that the ranking functions do not use any global information, so it is impossible to produce a fair normalization to 1% or 100% as sometimes desired. Normalization option 32 (rank/(rank+1)) can be applied to scale all ranks into the range zero to one, but of course this is just a cosmetic change; it will not affect the ordering of the search results.
Here is an example that selects only the ten highest-ranked matches:
SELECT title, ts_rank_cd(textsearch, query) AS rank FROM apod, to_tsquery('neutrino|(dark & matter)') query WHERE query @@ textsearch ORDER BY rank DESC LIMIT 10; title | rank -----------------------------------------------+---------- Neutrinos in the Sun | 3.1 The Sudbury Neutrino Detector | 2.4 A MACHO View of Galactic Dark Matter | 2.01317 Hot Gas and Dark Matter | 1.91171 The Virgo Cluster: Hot Plasma and Dark Matter | 1.90953 Rafting for Solar Neutrinos | 1.9 NGC 4650A: Strange Galaxy and Dark Matter | 1.85774 Hot Gas and Dark Matter | 1.6123 Ice Fishing for Cosmic Neutrinos | 1.6 Weak Lensing Distorts the Universe | 0.818218
This is the same example using normalized ranking:
SELECT title, ts_rank_cd(textsearch, query, 32 /* rank/(rank+1) */ ) AS rank FROM apod, to_tsquery('neutrino|(dark & matter)') query WHERE query @@ textsearch ORDER BY rank DESC LIMIT 10; title | rank -----------------------------------------------+------------------- Neutrinos in the Sun | 0.756097569485493 The Sudbury Neutrino Detector | 0.705882361190954 A MACHO View of Galactic Dark Matter | 0.668123210574724 Hot Gas and Dark Matter | 0.65655958650282 The Virgo Cluster: Hot Plasma and Dark Matter | 0.656301290640973 Rafting for Solar Neutrinos | 0.655172410958162 NGC 4650A: Strange Galaxy and Dark Matter | 0.650072921219637 Hot Gas and Dark Matter | 0.617195790024749 Ice Fishing for Cosmic Neutrinos | 0.615384618911517 Weak Lensing Distorts the Universe | 0.450010798361481
Ranking can be expensive since it requires consulting the tsvector of each matching document, which can be I/O bound and therefore slow. Unfortunately, it is almost impossible to avoid since practical queries often result in large numbers of matches.
To present search results it is ideal to show a part of each document and how it is related to the query. Usually, search engines show fragments of the document with marked search terms. PostgreSQL provides a function ts_headline
that implements this functionality.
ts_headline([ config regconfig, ] document text, query tsquery [, options text ]) returns text
accepts a document along with a query, and returns an excerpt from the document in which terms from the query are highlighted. The configuration to be used to parse the document can be specified by config; if config is omitted, the default_text_search_config configuration is used.
If an options string is specified it must consist of a comma-separated list of one or more option=value pairs. The available options are:
StartSel, StopSel: the strings with which to delimit query words appearing in the document, to distinguish them from other excerpted words. You must double-quote these strings if they contain spaces or commas.
MaxWords, MinWords: these numbers determine the longest and shortest headlines to output.
ShortWord: words of this length or less will be dropped at the start and end of a headline. The default value of three eliminates common English articles.
HighlightAll: Boolean flag; if true the whole document will be used as the headline, ignoring the preceding three parameters.
MaxFragments: maximum number of text excerpts or fragments to display. The default value of zero selects a non-fragment-oriented headline generation method. A value greater than zero selects fragment-based headline generation. This method finds text fragments with as many query words as possible and stretches those fragments around the query words. As a result query words are close to the middle of each fragment and have words on each side. Each fragment will be of at most MaxWords and words of length ShortWord or less are dropped at the start and end of each fragment. If not all query words are found in the document, then a single fragment of the first MinWords in the document will be displayed.
FragmentDelimiter: When more than one fragment is displayed, the fragments will be separated by this string.
Any unspecified options receive these defaults:
StartSel=, StopSel=, MaxWords=35, MinWords=15, ShortWord=3, HighlightAll=FALSE, MaxFragments=0, FragmentDelimiter=" ... "
For example:
SELECT ts_headline('english', 'The most common type of search is to find all documents containing given query terms and return them in order of their similarity to the query.', to_tsquery('query & similarity')); ts_headline ------------------------------------------------------------ containing given query terms and return them in order of their similarity to the query. SELECT ts_headline('english', 'The most common type of search is to find all documents containing given query terms and return them in order of their similarity to the query.', to_tsquery('query & similarity'), 'StartSel = <, StopSel = >'); ts_headline ------------------------------------------------------- containing given <query> terms and return them in order of their <similarity> to the <query>.
uses the original document, not a tsvector summary, so it can be slow and should be used with care. A typical mistake is to call ts_headline
for every matching document when only ten documents are to be shown. SQL subqueries can help; here is an example:
SELECT id, ts_headline(body, q), rank FROM (SELECT id, body, q, ts_rank_cd(ti, q) AS rank FROM apod, to_tsquery('stars') q WHERE ti @@ q ORDER BY rank DESC LIMIT 10) AS foo;


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Iliotibial Band Syndrome
Iliotibial band syndrome is an overuse injury resulting from the inflammation of iliotibial band. Iliotibial band is a tough group of fibers that begins at the iliac crest of hip and runs along the outside of the thigh, to get attached to the outer side of the shin bone just below the knee joint. Its function is to coordinate with the thigh muscles and provide stability the knee joint. Iliotibial band syndrome occurs when the iliotibial band and the lower outside portion of the thigh bone at the knee joint rub against each other. It commonly occurs in athletes, cyclists, and runners.
Iliotibial band syndrome can occur from quickly increasing distances with running or biking type activities. Other predisposing factors associated with the injury include running on uneven surfaces, wearing improper fitting shoes, uneven leg length, muscle imbalance, over pronation of foot, and bowed legs.
Children with iliotibial band syndrome may have pain on the outer side of the knee, swelling at the site of injury, and popping sensation may be felt when the knee is bent and then straightened. Pain may worsen after running, climbing stairs, and walking and reduced when your child is at rest.
The goal of the treatment is to reduce the inflammation and to relieve the pain. The treatment options include:
- Rest: Allow the joint to rest to reduce the inflammation. Do not encourage your child to run or participate in any physical activity that may worsen the pain.
- Ice application: Ice packs should be applied to the site of injury which will help to diminish swelling and pain. Ice should be applied over a towel to the affected area for 15-20 minutes four times a day for several days. Never place ice directly over the skin.
- Medications: Your doctor may prescribe non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce the pain and swelling.
- Foam Roller Myofascial Release- A foam roller is used underneath the tight iliotibial band to loosen it. Although this is painful, it is one of the most useful stretches to relieve the tissues.
- Physical therapy: Physiotherapists will teach your child stretching exercises and techniques to loosen the tight structures. This exercise is done by holding the affected knee close to opposite armpit while keeping the other leg straight on the floor. These exercises help to strengthen the iliotibial band and the surrounding muscles.
Your doctor suggests you ensure that your child wears appropriate shoes while running to prevent further damage to iliotibial band.

subset: commoncrawl


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This is ALL THINGS CONSIDERED from NPR News. I'm Melissa Block.
And I'm Robert Siegel.
A story now about technology and the creative ways it's being used to help people with disabilities enjoy the great outdoors - skiing, biking, even whitewater rafting, as Colorado Public Radio's Eric Whitney reports.
ERIC WHITNEY, BYLINE: In the equipment room at Telluride Adaptive Sports in Colorado, it's all about what works.
TIM MCGOUGH: So we basically just have a piece of plywood board here with two plastic lawn chairs and have the legs cut off, and so the seats are mounted to this board to go rafting.
WHITNEY: Tim McGough, who runs Telluride Adaptive, says the contraption is simple, but it makes a day in the whitewater possible for people with spinal cord injuries who've lost the ability to sit upright on their own. At the other end of the spectrum, machined aluminum sit-skis he puts people on in the wintertime that start at $3,000 each.
MCGOUGH: This is a pretty high-performance ski here that a lot of the skiers will now use in the Paralympics or in the X-Games or something like that with a big old Penske shock on it.
WHITNEY: The lightweight shock absorbers and suspension systems that have revolutionized mountain biking for the able-bodied are now being put to use in sports equipment for the disabled. And it's often people with disabilities themselves who are modifying existing gear into designs that work for them.
JAKE O'CONNOR: I love this stuff.
WHITNEY: Jake O'Connor, who's paralyzed from the waist down, splashes one of the off-road hand cycles that he builds across a shallow spot in a river during a trail ride. His three-wheeled cycles have hand cranks instead of pedals, disc brakes from a bicycle parts catalogue and low gears so people can ride up steep hills on backcountry trails.
O'CONNOR: I can probably climb steeper hills than you can on your mountain bike. I'm stable. You're going to tip over. I don't have that problem. I can go straight up anything.
WHITNEY: O'Connor builds his bikes in a three-man shop outside a ski resort. Other innovations have more sophisticated origins.
HUGH HERR: My name is Hugh Herr. I'm the director of the biomechatronics group at MIT in Massachusetts.
WHITNEY: Bio?
HERR: Biomechatronics group.
WHITNEY: The biomechatronics group at MIT spent eight years and $30 million developing a bionic ankle joint. It's full of electronic sensors and microcontrollers connected to a small onboard computer. Herr watches carefully when new users are fit with them for the first time.
HERR: Half will start weeping, and the other half start giggling with happiness. So many people when they're fit say I have my body back.
WHITNEY: Herr is a double amputee himself and has been using the bionic ankles personally for a few years now.
HERR: I view it as a new relationship between a human being and technology. It's a different relationship between a human being and, say, a hammer, a normal tool. When a person is fit with a bionic limb and they say I have my body back, that's more of a fundamental relationship. It's embodiment. It's not tool use.
WHITNEY: Embodiment is what makers of this new device are going for too. It's a bionic exoskeleton, basically, a robotic suit that Amanda Boxtel is wearing. It holds her upright and walks for her. Boxtel's legs were paralyzed in a skiing accident 21 years ago.
AMANDA BOXTEL: With this technology, hope is alive.
WHITNEY: People who are paralyzed hope the exoskeletons will not only replace body functions they've lost but help retrain their muscles and neuropathways to regain body function. Boxtel says the device already reduces the chronic pain related to her paralysis and improves her digestion. But her favorite part, she says, is just changing the way she interacts with people that many in wheelchairs refer to as uprights.
BOXTEL: Just to stand tall and feel my five-foot-seven frame to look at someone eye to eye, to have that delicious heart-to-heart hug.
WHITNEY: Robotic exoskeletons are just now walking out of science-fiction movies, but last year, an athlete used one in the London marathon. It took her 17 days to finish, but developers say exoskeletons are today where cellphones were in the early '90s - big, clunky and expensive. In a few years, they expect them to be cheap and widely available. For NPR News, I'm Eric Whitney. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


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It appears the American Airlines and US Airways are going to merge. There are multiple reports that late today the boards of the two companies approved the merger, which will create the country's largest carrier. The deal, if it survives regulators' antitrust review, will allow American to emerge from bankruptcy.
NPR's Wade Goodwyn joins us from Dallas with more on the merger. And Wade, what will the airline be called and what else can you tell us about the makeup of the newly merged company?
WADE GOODWYN, BYLINE: It's going to be called American Airlines. The name US Airways is being tossed into the dustbin of history, say no more. 72 percent of the new carrier will go to American Airlines creditors and other interests, and 28 percent to US Airways shareholders. It's looking like there will be some kind of shared management at the top, with US Airways top managers apparently holding sway, which is fine with American's unions. They would be happy with a complete revamping of American's current management. US Airways CEO Doug Parker will be the new CEO of the new American, and American's CEO, Tom Horton, will become temporary, non-executive chairman. And Horton's title tells you pretty much everything you need to know about the balance of power in this new American Airlines.
SIEGEL: Well, if this new American Airlines is going to be the biggest airline in the country, what will being the largest carrier in the marketplace - how will that affect consumers?
GOODWYN: Well, the first order of business is trying to take these two, at times, dysfunctional airlines and make them into a seamless team of dauntless airline professionals - I kid, of course. But no, these airlines, these big mergers are hard to do. Each company has their way of doing everything, and somebody is going to have to compromise, which doesn't always go over well. You know the book "Who Moved My Cheese?" Well, six tons of cheese gets moved in these mergers and it takes time for employees and managers to get past it and keep a good attitude. Looking at the two airlines on paper, it looks like it works. US Airways brings a lot in the East and Northeast to the table, and American is strong internationally. If everyone worked together it could be a very successful airline.
SIEGEL: It's going to be a very big airline. Will it be hard to get this deal through the antitrust review?
GOODWYN: The short answer is no. It seems clear that the US government is resigned to these big airline mergers; this is number four. And the reason for that is that practically nobody but Southwest and a few other smaller carriers can make any money. So we're going to have fewer carriers, fewer seats, and we'll all pay higher fares. But the end result should be a profitable American airlines industry.
SIEGEL: Well, thank you Wade.
GOODWYN: My pleasure.
SIEGEL: That's NPR's Wade Goodwyn, reporting on the newly approved merger of American Airlines and US Airways. That will form the largest airline in the country. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


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Best Internet Providers in Holtsville, New York for 2024
Compare the Best Internet Service Providers in Holtsville, NY
Not all plans are available in all areas. Provider plan, availability, and speed tier data provided by BroadbandNow.com. Speedtest real-world data is only present where sample size has reached significance within a region. Additionally, averages may include aggregated tests across multiple Internet Types (Fiber, DSL, Cable, etc.).
At Speedtest we pride ourselves on providing accurate and trustworthy data that forms the backbone of our ISP recommendations. Our real-world data is collected from millions of people worldwide who choose to take a Speedtest. This means our insights into ISP performance are reliable and current, allowing us to offer a clear, unbiased picture of ISP performance.
Three metrics will help you gauge the performance of an ISP: download speed, upload speed, and latency. Download speed is critical for tasks like streaming and downloading content, determining how swiftly data is transferred to your device. Upload speed is key for uploading content and engaging in online interactions, reflecting how quickly data is sent from your device to the internet. Latency, or ping, is essential in online gaming and video conferencing, influencing the responsiveness of your connection. With this comprehensive understanding of an ISP's capabilities you have the data you need to make an informed choice based on your specific internet usage.
ISP technology plays an important role in determining the quality of your internet experience. Technologies like fiber optics typically offer the fastest speeds, making them ideal for high-demand online activities. Cable internet, a more widely available option, usually provides good download speeds but upload speeds may lag. DSL (digital subscriber line) offers moderate speeds sufficient for basic browsing and streaming. In contrast, satellite internet, often the only choice in remote locations, tends to have higher latency and slower speeds.
How Much Speed Do I Need?
Download speeds of at least 100 Mbps and upload speeds of at least 10 Mbps are widely considered fast enough to handle nearly any online activity. A quick guide to what speeds you need for different online activities is below, and you can read our full guide to internet speeds and performance for more information. Keep in mind that the numbers below are the bare minimum for one device at a time. If you're trying to use multiple devices on a network at the same time, you'll want higher speeds.
0–5 Mbps (Slow)
- Stream SD video
- Connect on Slack
- Use Microsoft Teams
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5–20 Mbps (Better)
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20–40 Mbps (Solid)
- Stream 4K video
- Play games online
40–100 Mbps (Good)
- Stream HD games
100+ Mbps (Fast)
- Engage in multi-player gaming
- Download huge files
1+ Gbps (Very fast)
- Do anything you want on multiple devices
Holtsville Fixed Speeds
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We offer a Free quote and UK design service, get in touch today.
Hydroblasting companies specialise in high-pressure water jetting for various applications such as surface preparation, cleaning, and industrial projects.
Our company is equipped with state-of-the-art machinery and specialise in using high-pressure water streams to effectively remove coatings, paint, rust, and other contaminants from surfaces.
When looking for surface line marking removal or industrial cleaning, you will come across a number of hydroblasting companies that can offer effective services.
Our team not only provide a high quality service, but we also offer affordable prices.
There are a number of different services we can carry out for our clients ranging from removal of graffiti to removing thermoplastic play markings from playgrounds
Our team only make use of high quality products to ensure you receive the very best service.
If you would like a quote for any of the services we provide, please complete our contact form now.
Hydroblasting is a powerful cleaning method that uses high-pressure water jets to remove contaminants, coatings, and debris from surfaces.
Utilising pressures ranging from 5,000 to 40,000 psi, hydroblasting is highly effective for a variety of tasks including concrete removal, surface cleaning, and maintenance of industrial equipment.
The process involves directing a focused stream of water at the targeted surface, effectively stripping away unwanted materials.
Safety measures such as proper training, protective gear, and controlled water pressure are crucial elements in hydroblasting operations to prevent injuries and property damage.
What makes hydroblasting particularly versatile is its ability to be tailored for different surface types, ensuring efficient and thorough cleaning without causing damage.
A hydroblaster operates specialised equipment to perform tasks such as hydrodemolition, surface cleaning, and debris removal in industrial settings.
Hydroblasters play a crucial role in maintaining cleanliness and safety in various industrial environments.
Their high-pressure water jetting equipment is essential for effectively removing unwanted substances, like coatings or debris, from surfaces. To ensure the equipment functions optimally, hydroblasting machines require regular maintenance checks and servicing.
Preventative maintenance is key to preventing breakdowns and ensuring a longer lifespan for the equipment.
Plus maintenance, hydroblasters must adhere to strict safety measures during operations, including wearing appropriate protective gear and following established protocols to minimise risks.
Proper debris removal is also vital to prevent clogging or damage to the equipment, thereby ensuring consistent performance.
There are various types of hydroblasting techniques categorised based on pressure levels, equipment used, and the nature of surfaces being cleaned.
These techniques are broadly classified into low-pressure, medium-pressure, and high-pressure hydroblasting methods.
Low-pressure hydroblasting typically utilises pressures below 10,000 psi and is ideal for delicate surfaces or applications where high pressure could cause damage.
Medium-pressure hydroblasting falls within the range of 10,000 to 20,000 psi and is commonly used for removing coatings and preparing surfaces for repainting.
On the other hand, high-pressure hydroblasting, which exceeds 20,000 psi, is reserved for heavy-duty industrial cleaning tasks, such as removing tough coatings or corrosion.
The average cost of hydroblasting is £500.
However, hydroblasting costs vary depending on factors such as the complexity of cleaning techniques, associated risks, and the need for specialised safety gear.
When determining the price for a hydroblasting service, the level of intricacy required in the cleaning process plays a pivotal role.
Hydroblasting offers multiple benefits including enhanced efficiency, precise cleaning, improved health and safety standards, and the ability to conduct preventive maintenance activities.
One of the key advantages of hydroblasting is its effectiveness in removing contaminants from surfaces, ensuring thorough cleaning and preparing surfaces for coating or repair work.
The precision of hydroblasting allows for targeted cleaning without causing damage to the underlying surface, making it a preferred method in industries where accuracy is crucial.
The emphasis on health and safety in hydroblasting operations reduces the risk of accidents and exposure to harmful substances, safeguarding the well-being of workers.
By integrating hydroblasting into preventive maintenance programmes, companies can extend the lifespan of equipment and infrastructure, ultimately leading to cost savings through reduced downtime and the need for expensive repairs.
The environmental benefits of hydroblasting, such as minimising the use of harsh chemicals and generating less waste compared to traditional cleaning methods, make it a sustainable choice for companies looking to reduce their environmental impact.
One of the key benefits of hydroblasting is its ability to deliver faster and more efficient cleaning solutions through automated processes and specialised equipment such as the rotating hose system.
By incorporating advanced technology like the rotating hose system, hydroblasting optimises the cleaning process by providing consistent and thorough cleaning without the need for excessive manual labour.
The automated systems allow for precise control over pressure and water flow, ensuring that surfaces are cleaned efficiently and effectively.
Automation plays a crucial role in streamlining cleaning operations as it reduces the time and resources required for each cleaning task.
This not only enhances productivity but also minimises the risk of human error, resulting in higher quality cleaning outcomes.
With automated hydroblasting systems, companies can achieve faster turnaround times and maintain cleaner facilities with minimal downtime.
Hydroblasting is considered environmentally friendly due to its minimal use of abrasives and chemicals, making it ideal for tasks like coatings removal and rust cleaning.
The eco-friendly nature of hydroblasting is further accentuated by the fact that it requires significantly less water compared to traditional cleaning methods.
Typically, hydroblasting uses high-pressure water jets to efficiently and effectively remove unwanted substances without the need for abrasive materials that can harm the environment.
This process minimizes waste generation and avoids the release of hazardous chemicals into the surroundings. As a result, hydroblasting stands out as a sustainable cleaning option that aligns with modern environmental standards.
Hydroblasting is known for being a cost-effective cleaning method that balances benefits such as efficiency and quality with reasonable costs and competitive prices.
One of the key advantages of using hydroblasting is the incredible efficiency it offers in removing tough stains, coatings, and debris from various surfaces.
This method can accomplish the job much more quickly compared to traditional cleaning methods, ultimately saving valuable time and reducing labour costs.
The powerful force of water used in hydroblasting ensures a thorough and effective cleaning process without the need for harsh chemicals or excessive manual labour.
This not only promotes environmental friendliness but also saves money on additional cleaning agents and labour expenses.
Hydroblasting prioritises worker safety by implementing stringent safety precautions, providing specialised safety gear, and reducing risks associated with traditional cleaning methods.
In hydroblasting operations, safety measures are not limited to just the use of safety gear but extend to a comprehensive approach that includes detailed safety protocols meticulously followed by the workers.
This adherence to safety procedures ensures that potential hazards are minimised, creating a secure environment for the workers to operate in.
Risk mitigation strategies are employed to identify and address any dangers before they escalate, further enhancing the protective measures in place.
Compared to conventional cleaning techniques, hydroblasting stands out for its emphasis on worker safety and the proactive measures taken to safeguard employees from harm.
We offer fantastic line marking removal at great prices. We can remove lines from a number of different areas including:
We can also offer paint removal on these areas. Local hydroblasting contractors will do a fantastic job of removing these floor markings.
It is highly recommended to get a professional company to remove these using a specialist Hydroblast machine to ensure you do not cause damage to the existing surface.
Our team have plenty of experience in marking and removing lines from surfaces. If you wish to get a quote for the services we provide, please complete our enquiry form now and we will get back to you as soon as possible.
It is very popular for schools to enquire about removing playground markings.
You may come across a number of hydroblasting specialists local to you or in surrounding areas that can remove the markings for you, however our team not only offer a great service, but we also provide reasonable prices too.
We can remove thermoplastic graphics and a playground paint from your existing macadam. We can then apply new thermoplastic markings to the area if required.
Hydro blasting is a high pressure water based method, meaning it is suitable for removing various textured markings without damaging the existing surface.
If your existing play markings have become damaged or they have started to look a little worse for wear, then please make sure to speak to a member of our team today who can remove the markings quickly and easily by making use of our specialist hydro blast machine.
Is your driveway or playground in need of a professional clean? We can offer specialist hydroblast cleaning for a range of different clients.
Whether you are a commercial or domestic client – we can help. Our team nearby you can offer high pressure water jet industrial cleaning services to remove existing paint or to simply remove dirt built up over time.
Another of the popular hydroblast industrial cleaning services we provide is rust removal from containers. Since rust can destroy materials and cause significant damage it is important you contact us quickly if you notice rust.
Fill in our contact box now for a quote for high pressure industrial cleaning services from one of the best hydroblasting experts in and we will reply at the earliest possible time.
Our team can also offer a specialist graffiti removal service. The costs for this service vary significantly depending on a number of factors. Some of the things that can affect the costs include the amount of graffiti on the area and the location.
It is important to get a professional company to remove the graffiti to ensure you are not damaging the area further We can remove the graffiti with our professional hydroblasting machinery meaning this can be removed in a timely manner at a reasonable price.
Selecting the right hydroblasting company involves evaluating factors such as their experience, expertise, safety track record, available equipment, and customer feedback.
When considering a hydroblasting company, it's essential to delve deeper into their industry experience.
A company that has been in the field for a substantial period is likely to have encountered a diverse range of challenges and developed effective solutions.
Technical expertise is another crucial aspect to look into. The company's knowledge and skills in utilising the latest hydroblasting techniques can significantly impact the quality of the results.
A proven safety performance history is non-negotiable when it comes to handling high-pressure water blasting equipment.
Ensuring that the company has stringent safety protocols in place can safeguard both the workers and the project itself.
The equipment capabilities of a hydroblasting company play a significant role in determining the efficiency and effectiveness of the cleaning process.
State-of-the-art equipment can lead to faster completion times and superior results.
The reputation of a company among its customers speaks volumes about its reliability and service quality.
Reviewing customer testimonials and feedback can offer valuable insights into the company's performance and customer satisfaction levels.
Conducting thorough research and considering these aspects can help in making an informed decision when selecting a hydroblasting company.
When choosing a hydroblasting company, prioritize firms with extensive experience, specialised training, and a proven track record in handling various surfaces and tasks such as refractory removal.
Experience plays a pivotal role in the effectiveness of hydroblasting services, as it fosters a deep understanding of different surface materials and the challenges they present.
By honing their skills over time, experienced hydroblasting professionals can navigate complex projects with ease, delivering precise and efficient results.
Specialised training further enhances their ability to tackle various surfaces, ensuring that each job is approached with the right techniques and equipment.
A track record of successful refractory removals showcases a company's capability to execute challenging tasks, reflecting their expertise in the field.
Assess the safety record of hydroblasting companies by examining their adherence to safety precautions, risk management strategies, and commitment to preventive maintenance practices.
In the field of hydroblasting, where high-pressure water is used for cleaning and surface preparation, safety considerations are paramount.
A company's safety record speaks volumes about its dedication to protecting both its workers and the environment.
By evaluating how a hydroblasting company implements safety precautions, such as providing proper training and equipment, one can gauge their overall safety culture.
A strong emphasis on risk management, including hazard assessments and emergency response protocols, is indicative of a company's proactive approach to minimising potential dangers.
It is crucial to look into how hydroblasting companies handle risks associated with their operations.
A diligent approach to identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks demonstrates a company's commitment to ensuring the well-being of its employees and the efficient execution of projects.
Equally important is the company's dedication to preventive maintenance routines, as regularly maintaining equipment not only enhances its longevity and efficiency but also reduces the likelihood of accidents due to equipment failure.
Choose hydroblasting firms equipped with advanced technology and precision tools to ensure efficient and high-quality cleaning outcomes.
Modern equipment and technology play a crucial role in elevating the standards of the hydroblasting industry.
By embracing innovative tools and robotic systems, companies can significantly enhance the efficiency and precision of their cleaning processes.
The incorporation of advanced technology not only streamlines operations but also ensures a higher level of safety for workers.
Through the utilisation of cutting-edge equipment, hydroblasting firms can achieve optimal results in removing tough coatings and contaminants from surfaces efficiently.
The integration of robotic systems allows for greater control and accuracy, leading to superior cleaning outcomes that meet stringent industry standards.
Review customer testimonials and references to gauge the expertise, efficiency, and customer satisfaction levels of hydroblasting companies before making a selection.
Customer feedback serves as a valuable compass in the vast sea of service providers.
By looking into the experiences of previous clients, you can get a glimpse of what to expect and how the company performs under diverse conditions.
Often, references provide a direct line to firsthand accounts of a company's work ethic and result delivery.
Don't shy away from asking for these crucial insights; they can be the differentiating factor between a satisfactory job and an outstanding service experience.
Take the time to assess past projects and determine if the quality, safety standards, and attention to detail align with your expectations.
Prioritising thorough research and due diligence can lead you to partner with a hydroblasting company that not only meets but exceeds your needs.
During a hydroblasting service one can expect a thorough site assessment, stringent safety precautions, methodical execution of the cleaning process, and meticulous clean-up procedures post-service completion.
Starting with the initial site assessment, our hydroblasting team evaluates the specific surfaces to be cleaned, identifying any challenging areas or sensitive equipment that require special attention.
Safety precautions are then put in place to protect both the workers and the surroundings, including the establishment of exclusion zones and the proper use of personal protective equipment.
Once the assessments and safety measures are in place, the cleaning process unfolds with precision. Utilising high-pressure water jets, the team meticulously removes dirt, grime, paint, and other contaminants from the surfaces, restoring them to a pristine condition.
Following the cleaning phase, thorough clean-up activities are initiated. This includes proper disposal of wastewater, debris, and any hazardous materials, ensuring that the site is left in a clean and safe state for further operations.
The initial phase of a hydroblasting service involves thorough site assessment, meticulous planning, and identification of optimal cleaning processes based on specific surface applications.
Understanding the cleaning site is crucial as it provides insights into the surface material, environmental factors, and potential hazards that need to be considered for safe and effective cleaning.
Meticulous planning ensures that the right equipment, tools, and techniques are used for each unique cleaning scenario, leading to enhanced efficiency and quality outcomes.
Selecting suitable applications such as water pressure, temperature, and additives based on the site assessment results in successful project execution and minimises the risk of damage or incomplete cleaning.
Safety precautions and measures are paramount in hydroblasting operations to mitigate risks, protect workers, and ensure compliance with safety standards.
Adhering to adequate safety gear such as helmets, gloves, and protective clothing is crucial in safeguarding individuals from the high-pressure water streams used in hydroblasting.
Conducting thorough risk assessment protocols prior to commencing any project helps in identifying potential hazards and implementing necessary control measures.
By prioritising safety standards and following strict guidelines, companies can not only protect their workforce but also enhance operational efficiency.
A safety-first approach leads to fewer accidents, minimal downtime, and improved project success rates, ultimately resulting in a more productive and sustainable work environment.
The execution phase of the hydroblasting process involves the precise application of cleaning solutions, thorough debris removal, and targeted surface treatment to achieve optimal cleaning outcomes.
During hydroblasting operations, the meticulous application of cleaning solutions is crucial to ensure that the contaminants and impurities adhering to surfaces are effectively tackled.
This involves carefully selecting the right cleaning agents and ensuring that they are applied in the correct concentration and manner.
The thorough removal of debris plays a significant role in the process. By utilising high-pressure water streams, the hydroblasting equipment efficiently dislodges and eliminates stubborn residues, leaving behind a clean surface ready for further treatment.
Customised surface treatments are then tailored to meet specific cleaning requirements.
Whether it involves preparing a surface for painting, removing layers of grime, or restoring the original appearance of a structure, the application of specialised treatments enhances the overall cleaning efficacy.
After completing a hydroblasting service, a thorough clean-up operation is conducted followed by a comprehensive post-service inspection to ensure quality standards are met and preventive maintenance needs are identified for future refinement.
During the clean-up process, all equipment, tools, and debris are carefully gathered and removed from the site, leaving the area in pristine condition.
Efficient coordination between the cleaning crew ensures a swift and effective clean-up that minimises downtime and disruption.
The post-service inspection involves detailed checks of the hydroblasting equipment to verify proper functioning and assess any signs of wear or damage that may require maintenance.
By identifying potential issues early on, the team can plan preventive maintenance measures to enhance future cleaning operations and maintain optimal service quality.
We use the Falch Hydroblasting machine, which is one of the best machines on the market. The specialist piece of equipment is operated by professionals within our company who have been fully trained on how to use the hydro blast machine.
If you would like more information on the machine that we use to carry out our services, please contact us so we can answer all of your questions.
So what are hydrodemolition services? Hydrodemolition is the use of high pressure water jets to remove or demolish concrete.
This service is one of the safest and most efficient method. When compared to other methods, this one is most often seen as the best.
As the best hydroblasting company in we can carry out hydrodemolition services to meet your individual needs and requirements. Please get in touch now for more information or to obtain a free quotation.
Industrial hydroblasting is a process used to clean or prepare surfaces using high-pressure water jets.
It involves the use of specialised equipment to deliver water at extremely high pressures, typically ranging from 10,000 to 40,000 pounds per square inch (psi).
The force of the water stream can effectively remove tough deposits, coatings, rust, and contaminants from various surfaces, including metal, concrete, and machinery.
Hydroblasting is commonly employed in industries such as construction, manufacturing, oil and gas, and marine to clean equipment, pipelines, tanks, and structures, as well as for surface preparation before painting or coating applications.
It is preferred for its effectiveness, efficiency, and environmental friendliness compared to traditional methods like sandblasting or chemical cleaning.
Another name for water blasting is hydroblasting.
The difference between a pressure washer and a water blaster lies mainly in their intended use and the level of pressure they can generate:
Pressure Washer:
Water Blaster:
In summary, while both pressure washers and water blasters use high-pressure water jets for cleaning, water blasters are more powerful and suited for heavy-duty industrial tasks, while pressure washers are better suited for lighter residential or commercial use.
Hydroblasting offers several advantages over traditional cleaning methods.
The high-pressure water jets used in hydroblasting are more efficient and effective in removing stubborn grime and debris.
It is also a safer and more environmentally friendly option as it does not require the use of harsh chemicals or abrasive materials.
The biggest safety concern with hydroblasting is the risk posed by the high pressure water jets.
Besides safety concerns one of the biggst disadvantages of hydroblasting certain surfaces is that delicate surfaces can be damaged while it is being cleaned.
Our team has many years of experience on hydroblasting and are able to carry out any hydroblasting services you need.
Hydroblasting is great for providing quick and effective cleaning services for a wide variety of surfaces.
We would always suggest getting in contact with our team for the best possible advice on any potential hydroblasting projects. This allows you to ask any questions you may need the answer to.


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Enjoy professional and friendly Newton Aycliffe guttering repairs today
A gutter repair probably isn't top of your list of things to do. However, if you don't attend to a faulty or broken rain gutter, you could well be storing up problems for the future. Rain damage can severely harm the exterior – and eventually the interior – of your Newton Aycliffe property. Fortunately, getting those broken gutters fixed couldn't be simpler. We've built our service around local guttering experts, ready and able to handle all kinds of guttering repairs in Newton Aycliffe. Reviewed and rated by genuine customers, our experts serve all parts of Newton Aycliffe and the surrounding areas. All it takes is a quick phone call to our team on 0800 002 9488 to arrange your free quote. There's no charge for the call, no hassle, and no obligation to go ahead. However, we think you'll be delighted with the service we can offer.
Rely on our trusted experts to handle all your roofing repairs
Whether it is a simple task of replacing a missing roof tile, re-bedding a loose roof ridge tile, or something larger, our local roofers are ready to assist you. They've handled roofing repairs both small and large throughout Newton Aycliffe and beyond. They're capable of handling commercial roofing repairs too – not just residential ones. So, whether you want them to re-bed a ridge tile on your house or tackle a much bigger repair on your commercial building, you're only a phone call away from taking a big step towards getting it solved. Call now on 0800 002 9488 and discover how easy it is to use the services of our tried and trusted roofing and guttering experts.
Take advantage of regular gutter cleaning to keep your guttering in great condition
Guttering is designed to carry rainwater away from a building. However, it cannot do the job it is designed for when it gets clogged with leaves, debris, and dirt. That's why regular gutter cleaning is a smart way to keep the water flowing when the great British weather gives us a soaking. No one loves going up a ladder to clean out their gutters – even less so when the gutters are on a house. Fortunately, you can use the services of our Newton Aycliffe gutter experts to ensure your gutters won't let you down. Better yet, they'll also check the condition of your gutters during the cleaning process. When completed once or twice a year, you can rest assured the odds of needing a downpipe repair or gutter repair will be vastly reduced. Even when your guttering needs repairing, you can get it done before it has a chance to develop into something worse.
Contact us now to get that guttering or roofing problem fixed
With our professionals covering Newton Aycliffe and the surrounding areas, we're best placed to put you in touch with the people who can help. Contact us now, free of charge, on 0800 002 9488, and secure your free no-obligation quote. It could just be the best call you make today.


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Se: Extraverted Sensing | Si: Introverted Sensing |
Ne: Extraverted iNtuiting | Ni: Introverted iNtuiting |
Te: Extraverted Thinking | Ti: Introverted Thinking |
Fe: Extraverted Feeling | Fi: Introverted Feeling |
The History
In the 1920s, the idea of personality
type was being explored by leading scientists
and philosophers. A Swiss psychiatrist,
Carl Jung, wrote Psychological Types during
that time, in which he gave a detailed
description of what has now become one
of the most widely used typologies in
the world.
In the 1940s, Isabel Myers began developing a self-report questionnairethe Myers-Briggs Type Indicator® instrumentthat could help people find where they fit in Jung's theory. The use of this instrument has led to an almost universal understanding that there are sixteen basic personality types, each of which can be 'named' by a four-letter personality type code.
Jung first noticed that people seemed
fundamentally different in terms of whether
they were more extraverted, oriented to
the external world of people and experiences
outside themselves, or introverted, oriented
to their internal worlds of thoughts,
ideas, feelings, and memories. Then he
noticed more differences in terms of what
people were doing in each of those worlds.
These he called "functions."
They are now thought of as cognitive processes.
Using metaphors for names, Jung described
two kinds of cognitive processesperception
and judgment. Sensation and Intuition
were the two kinds of perception. Thinking
and Feeling were the two kinds of judgment.
He said that every mental act consists
of using at least one of these four cognitive
processes. Then he described eight personality
types that were characterized by using
one of the processes in either the extraverted
or introverted world; extraverted Sensing
types, introverted Sensing types, extraverted
iNtuiting* types, introverted iNtuiting
types, extraverted Thinking types, introverted
Thinking types, extraverted Feeling types,
and introverted Feeling types. He also
suggested that these processes operate
not just as the dominant process in a
personality but also in other ways.
As Isabel Myers and her mother, Katharine
Briggs, began to craft a self-report instrument,
they faced several challenges. They had
to take what Jung had seen as an integrated
whole personality pattern and try to figure
out how to ask questions to get at that
whole. They chose to focus on Jung's
notion of opposites and force choices
between equally valuable psychological
opposites. They also added a dichotomy
to help reveal the type pattern. The result
was sixteen types, each indicated by a
four-letter code such as ENFP or ISTJ.
Type as a Whole Pattern,
Not Just Four Letters
The purpose of this website is to help
you understand how the type codes represent
patterns of how we use the eight cognitive
processesextraverted Sensing, introverted
Sensing, extraverted iNtuiting, introverted
iNtuiting, extraverted Thinking, introverted
Thinking, extraverted Feeling, and introverted
Se | Extraverted Sensing: Experiencing the immediate context; taking action in the physical world; noticing changes and opportunities for action; accumulating experiences; scanning for visible reactions and relevant data; recognizing "what is." Noticing what was available, trying on different items, and seeing how they look. |
Si | Introverted Sensing: Reviewing past experiences; "what is" evoking "what was"; seeking detailed information and links to what is known; recalling stored impressions; accumulating data; recognizing the way things have always been. Remembering the last time you wore a particular item or the last time you were at a similar eventmaybe even remembering how you felt then. |
Ne | Extraverted iNtuiting: Interpreting situations and relationships; picking up meanings and interconnections; being drawn to change "what is" for "what could possibly be"; noticing what is not said and threads of meaning emerging across multiple contexts. Noticing the possible meanings of what you might wear: "Wearing this might communicate " |
Ni | Introverted iNtuiting: Foreseeing implications and likely effects without external data; realizing "what will be"; conceptualizing new ways of seeing things; envisioning transformations; getting an image of profound meaning or far-reaching symbols. Envisioning yourself in an outfit or maybe envisioning yourself being a certain way. |
Te | Extraverted Thinking: Segmenting; organizing for efficiency; systematizing; applying logic; structuring; checking for consequences; monitoring for standards or specifications being met; setting boundaries, guidelines, and parameters; deciding if something is working or not. Sorting out different colors and styles; thinking about the consequences, as in "Since I have to stand all day " |
Ti | Introverted Thinking: Analyzing; categorizing; evaluating according to principles and whether something fits the framework or model; figuring out the principles on which something works; checking for inconsistencies; clarifying definitions to get more precision. Analyzing your options using principles like comfort or "Red is a power color." |
Fe | Extraverted Feeling: Connecting; considering others and the group-organizing to meet their needs and honor their values and feelings; maintaining societal, organizational, or group values; adjusting to and accommodating others; deciding if something is appropriate or acceptable to others. Considering what would be appropriate for the situation: "One should or shouldn't wear " or "People will think " |
Fi | Introverted Feeling: Valuing; considering importance and worth; reviewing for incongruity; evaluating something based on the truths on which it is based; clarifying values to achieve accord; deciding if something is of significance and worth standing up for. Evaluating whether you like an outfit or not: "This outfit suits me and feels right." |


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Free Scrap Metal Collection in Speedwell
Only the best price for your scrap materials
Free Scrap Metal Collection in Speedwell is a family-run scrap metal merchant in Speedwell. Having been established for many years, we are vastly experienced.
We buy all types of ferrous and non-ferrous scrap metals, including:
Our Operating Times
Mon-Sat: 8am – 8pm
Scrap Metal Removal
FREE skip delivery and collection
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We Buy Scrap Metal
Best prices for trade scrap
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Free Scrap Metal Collection in Speedwell will not only pay you the very best price for your scrap metal, we are also committed to providing outstanding service to all of our customers.
Here are just Some Of The Areas We Cover:
Bristol, Keynsham,Yate, Bath, Clevedon, WSM, Chipping Sodbury, Wick, Coalpit Heath, Avonmouth, Severn Beach, Nailsea, Backwell, Filton, Horfield, Redfield Congrebury, Redhill, Pensford, Almondsbury, Portishead, Yatton, Thornbury, Alveston, Longwell Green, Pensford
Our credentials
We are licensed to buy and sell scrap metal and handle hazardous waste. Our credentials and accreditations include:
Scrap Car Removal & Destruction
Authorised treatment facility
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Our Location
Scrap Metal Collection service Speedwell
Free scrap metal collection in Speedwell, we come to you and clear all your unwanted appliances or metal items for free. Domestic or commercial customers all welcome, all metals will be cleared for free.
No Fee Scrap Metal Collection
Getting rid of your old scrap metal in Speedwell shouldn't have to be a chore, it shouldn't have to cost you either. Which is why we provide a 100% free 100% eco friendly 100% reliable licenced scrap metal collection service to residents in many locations in Speedwell.
About our Metal Collection Service
With our free mobile metal collection service, we can offer you a completely hassle-free service. Let us know when you're home and we'll schedule in a collection that best suits you. We know our customers have busy lives, which is why we'll never keep you around all day with our 1 hour time slots.
Don't worry about lifting a finger, we'll take care of all the heavy lifting and collect from a time and place of your choosing. There's no need to struggle to the tip with your old washing machine or cooker again.
Collections can be booked in advance; however, we may be able to come out to you the very same day, 7 days a week.
All of our trades men are 100% certified and insured whilst sharing our passion for delivering a 5-star service. Our scrap metal company has built its reputation by guaranteeing customer satisfaction.
There's no job to big or small, simply contact us by phone or email to arrange a collection. We collect from both commercial and domestic properties and have worked alongside many plumbers and other trades men in Speedwell. Our free scrap metal collection service in Speedwell is suitable for offices, shops and factories.
Where will your scrap metal go?
We dispose all of the scrap metal which we collect in an eco-friendly way by bringing your old scrap metal items to a scrap yard where it can be sorted and then repurposed. In processing plants any rubber, plastic or wood is removed from the metal before being melted down.
With our method of scrap metal disposal, we contribute towards the 145 million tonnes of scrap metal that is diverted away from landfill sites.
Scrap metal items we collect
We collect all kinds of scrap metal in Speedwell including, but not limited to: washing machines, cookers, dishwashers, car batteries, boilers, radiators, bikes, copper cylinders, cars, TV's, vacuum cleaners, microwaves, gates, bed frames, gym equipment lawn mowers, cast iron baths, alloy wheels and pretty much any electronic appliance with a plug.
If you have items to be collected that aren't listed, get in touch with us today and find out more about our service. Please note that there may be a charge for disposal of fridges and freezers, this is due to the special laws around fridge disposal due to the harmful components in fridges and freezers, We only clear metal items for free, if you feel you have more general non metal items to clear please let us no and we can quote to clear.


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The export button (to the right?) will allow you to export the search results of the entered query to a CSV file. To export the items, click the "Export" button.
There are two options to select the items you want to export to a CSV. Either you export all results from a search query, or you select a subset of items from the search results.
To select a subset of the search results, click "Selective Export" in the Export menu.
After making a selection, click the 'CSV' button. The amount of items that will be exported is indicated in the bubble next to 'CSV'.
The amount of items you can export is limited, but authenticating will increase this limit.


text:
...one of the most highly
regarded and expertly designed C++ library projects in the
— Herb Sutter and Andrei
Alexandrescu, C++
Coding Standards
Copyright © 2005 Olaf Krzikalla
Copyright © 2006-2015 Ion Gaztanaga
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
Table of Contents
Boost.Intrusive is a library presenting some intrusive containers to the world of C++. Intrusive containers are special containers that offer better performance and exception safety guarantees than non-intrusive containers (like STL containers).
The performance benefits of intrusive containers makes them ideal as a building block to efficiently construct complex containers like multi-index containers or to design high performance code like memory allocation algorithms.
While intrusive containers were and are widely used in C, they became more and more forgotten in C++ due to the presence of the standard containers which don't support intrusive techniques.Boost.Intrusive wants to push intrusive containers usage encapsulating the implementation in STL-like interfaces. Hence anyone familiar with standard containers can easily use Boost.Intrusive.
There is no need to compile anything to use Boost.Intrusive, since it's a header only library. Just include your Boost header directory in your compiler include path.
Boost.Intrusive has been tested on the following compilers/platforms:
Warning | |
GCC < 4.3 and MSVC < 9.0 are deprecated and will be removed in the next version. |
Last revised: December 02, 2021 at 06:54:15 GMT |


text:
Fender / Precision Bass Plus / 1992 / Sunburst / Bass For Sale
Vintage Guitar Oldenburg, Germany
Welcome to Vintage Guitar Oldenburg here on Vintage & Rare. We are in vintage-guitar-business since 1983 and also well known as organizer of Germanys oldest and biggest vintage-guitar- show taking place annually on the first weekend of november.
In our shop we have more than 400 instruments and amps on display and they are ready for you to be checked out. If you have no chance to come to our shop we offer a delivery for most of our instruments to your home with a 8-days right to return. We also run a workshop for guitars, basses and amps. We are situated about 150 Km west from Hamburg, 100Km east from Groningen.
We ship only within the European Union
Freight costs on request.
We accept Payment only in advance by SEPA banktransfer, please ask for banking details!
No C.O.D., no credit-cards, Paypal by request.


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When accessing our website, wpvideotutorial.com will learn certain information about you during your visit. How we will handle information we learn about you depends upon what you do when visiting our site.
If you visit our site and subscribe to our services, we collect and store only the following information about you:
- The name of the domain from which you access the Internet
- The date and time you access our site
- The Internet address of the website you used to link directly to our site.
- Your email address
- Your phone number
- Your name
- Your billing address
If you identify yourself by sending us an e-mail containing personal information, then the information collected will be solely used to respond to your message.
The information collected is for statistical purposes. wpvideotutorial.com may use software programs to create summary statistics, which are used for such purposes as assessing the number of visitors to the different sections of our site, what information is of most and least interest, determining technical design specifications, and identifying system performance or problem areas.
For site security purposes and to ensure that this service remains available to all users, WP Video Tutorial uses software programs to monitor network traffic to identify unauthorized attempts to upload or change information, or otherwise cause damage.
wpvideotutorial.com will not obtain personal identifying information about you when you visit our site, unless you choose to provide such information to us, nor will such information be sold or otherwise transferred to


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- Fast Shipping
- In stock, ready to ship
- Backordered, shipping soon
- Preset Temperature Settings
- LED Light Indicator
- 1100mAh Battery Capacity
- Inclusive Wax Container
We ask that you agree to the following shipping terms and policies before placing any orders with us and understand that your order constitutes your full agreement to the following items:
*** NOTE: YOU CAN CROSS REFERENCE THESE POLICIES WITH OUR REFUND & RETURN POLICIES, found here. ***
Mile High Glass Pipes does NOT sell products to anyone under the age of 21 (18 where applicable).
For this reason we may make your package require an adult signature. If you are trying to use a stolen credit card, and or are under age, please don't. This does not mean every package will be signature required. In most cases they won't.
TIMELINES (How fast do you ship?)
Mile High Glass Pipes cannot guarantee a delivery date on any order due to our inability to control our carriers schedules or estimated time of arrival for many reasons including weather and transportation delays, incorrect or undeliverable addresses, carrier decisions, etc.
The standard processing time for orders placed Monday-Fridays between the hours of 10AM and 5PM PST is 1-3 business days, however, most get shipped the same day. Those orders placed AFTER 5:00 PST or on the weekends will be processed starting on the NEXT business day.
Note that weekends and holidays are not considered business days
and shipping times quoted at checkout do not guarantee package arrival dates.
During peak seasons, natural disasters, or other acts of God (i.e. the recent COVID-19 pandemic), average processing times may increase.
Please be mindful of the processing times when choosing your desired shipping speed when checking out.
Please refer to the carriers charts below showing their delivery standards based on the class of mail, to determine when your carrier or mail will arrive, and what to do if mail is considered late.
Please note that WE DO NOT OFFER FINANCIAL COMPENSATION on SHIPPING for LATE, STOLEN, or LOST PACKAGES.
Mile High Glass Pipes ships its products from a network of warehouses across the US and Canada, however, our main warehouse is located in downtown, Los Angeles. We ship orders daily, 5 days a week.
- To get your order to your location, we require a physical street address for all UPS and Fedex parcels. If you need us to ship to a PO Box, your only choice will be USPS.
- Please make sure that all the shipping information is correct. If the address is inaccurate or the package is undeliverable and thus returned to our main warehouse, we offer you 2 simple options (ONCE THE PACKAGE IS ALREADY IN OUR HANDS):
1) Pay for a NEW shipping fee to a CORRECTED ADDRESS, and we will RESEND your package again... or...
2) Request a refund for the product price MINUS THE FEES due to the first INCORRECT shipping directions given.
By default, Mile High Glass Pipes ships to all 50 States FREE OF CHARGE, however, please note that your package might take up to 7- 10 days to arrive at your location. We use UPS and USPS to accomplish this, therefore, we reserve the right to choose which rate option will be best for us. (which often can take more time than the expedited options provided at checkout.)
- Mile High Glass Pipes reserves the right to label any product as inapplicable towards the total amount applicable for free shipping.
International orders can be placed online, however, it's understood that all extra customs fees MUST be paid by the customer.
Check out the rates and details for UPS customs clearance into Canada here.
Check out the rates and details for USPS customs clearance into Canada here.
Once your order is shipped, tracking information will be sent to you via the email you provided to us in the checkout process.
After receiving a tracking number, please allow some time for the carrier to provide updates on it. Sometimes, it takes them a while to scan the packages and to update the 'label created' status. (This status doesn't mean we have not shipped the package, means that the package has not reached their facility)
Please allow a minimum of 24 hours after your tracking number indicates its "delivered" before claiming it as a lost package. (This is due to number of different reasons, depending on the carrier.)
Learn more about USPS package status here.
Learn more about UPS package status here.
1) if you forgot to give us an email at checkout, then please feel free to contact us with your order # for more details about your tracking.
2) If you've already received your tracking #, be advised we may not be able to change, cancel, refund, or modify your order until AFTER it arrives at its destination.
3) Be advised that some exceptions to the shipping times for certain products may be listed on the product listing itself.
4) We highly encourage all our customers to use any and all our various discounts, special offers, and coupon codes available to them at checkout. We make these discounts readily available and visible on the checkout page for every listing, as well as on the homepage of their respective websites, and in whatever modes of communication we contact you with. (emails, texts, etc.)
Please note, however, that the discounts are not retroactive to the sale, meaning that we don't automatically apply them AFTER the fact of purchase. In these cases, we reserve the right to use our discretion as to whether or not we will apply them afterwards for you.
5) In the event any of your purchased items are oversold (i.e. out of stock after you order it), then we contact you by email or text message to offer alternatives and discuss your options.
Please note that we will hold your order here at the warehouse until we hear back from you. (because we want you to be happy!)
+18 Adult signature required upon delivery.
Mile High Glass Pipes shall not be responsible for and disclaims all liability for any loss, liability, damage (whether direct, indirect or consequential), or expense of any nature whatsoever which may be suffered by you or any third party (including your company), as a result of or which may be attributable, directly or indirectly, to or from your violations of local laws.
If your order is auto- flagged by our system due to suspicions of fraud, we will contact you to explain any inconsistencies with the payment information provided. This is done in a good faith effort in order to service you correctly. In these situations, your package will remain on hold here at the warehouse until the information gets clarified.
*** NOTE: PLEASE CROSS REFERENCE THESE SHIPPING POLICIES WITH OUR TERMS and CONDITIONS, found here. ***
If you get stuck, don't worry! You can always contact firstname.lastname@example.com or call (213) 988-7576 for questions and answers.
Unfortunately, we cannot accept returns on sale items or gift cards.
Please refer to our Refund & Return Policy found here.


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BR1783-2.6 Unique Design Guarantee Gold Bangle Shop Online
- Stock: Sold Out
- Brand: Chidambaraa
- Model: BR1783-26
- Guarantee Details: 6 Months Guarantee
Available Options
Chidambaraa Gold Plated Imitation Jewelry | |
Brand | Chidambaraa |
Type | Daily Wear |
Base Metal | Copper |
Coating | 24ct Pure Gold Plated (micro) |
Guarantee | 6 Months Guarantee - Just give us a call |
Net Quantity/Number of Units | 1 Pair/ 2 Bangles |
Manufacturer/Packer Details | Everest Gold Covering, Chidambaram, TamilNadu |
Customer Care - WhatsApp | +91 8438114505 |
Country of Origin | India |
Skin Protection | Yes, coated with 1 micron non-allergic layer to protect your skin from allergic or itching |
Guarantee Void | Spoilage by perfumes, soap water and other chemicals (or) physical damage of the product |
Sun Design Guarantee Gold Bangle Shop Online. Chidambaram Covering Gold Plated Traditional Gold Bangles Design for Women- This traditional broad bangle imitates just like real gold with trendy design. This is usually a bridal bangle which is used for marriage and engagements, adding beauty to the bride. Used for religious and marriage functions.
This Bangle is copper based which is plated over real 24kt gold, hence resembles the same both in weight and beauty. This trendy handmade pattern adds more beauty to your self attire. This real gold like jewelry is loved by women of all age groups.
Base metal is copper and plated with gold using micro plating technology. For daily use, the color life would last from 6 months to one year. For occasional wear, the colour lasts for more then one year.
To be kept away from chemicals and perfumes for longer life. When not in use maintain inside the plastic box / cover provided with the product.
Export Quality Product. No nickel and lead as per International Standards. Anti-allergic and safe for skin. From Direct Manufacturers.
Return/Refund with no questions asked for 100% customer satisfaction.
In Case of Refund:
- Customers who have paid online, will get their refund back to their source Bank Account or as Store Credits to Wallet
- Customers who have opted for Cash on Delivery will be eligible for 100% refund in terms of Store Credits to Wallet only. Refund amount cannot be credited to any third party bank account.
In Case of Replacement:
Customer is responsible for returning the product back to us, with exactly the same packing materials along with the warranty tag intact and gifts if any, which was shipped within the product. After receiving the product from the customer, Quality check team will take 2 to 3 days to ship the replacement product back to the customer.
6 Months/ 1 Year Guarantee:
After 14 days of purchase, the product falls under 6 months/ 1 year guarantee as per your invoice/ purchase bill. In case of any gold plating/color issues during this period, the customer has to send the product back to us. Customer has to self ship the product to our shop address. (One way shipping charges has to be beard by the customer). The faulty product will be re-plated with pure 24 ct Gold (micro) or Antique Gold (as per the product nature) and will be sent back to the customer within 5 working days.
Received Wrong/Damaged Item:
We have an efficient team which checks the quality of the product and packs them with three layer of cardboard and bubble wrap protection, to ensures the product reaches safely in customer hands. On some very rare cases, there could be a faulty/wrong item delivered.
On delivery of wrong/damaged item, customer has to report the wrong/damaged item within 24hrs after the product is delivered. Since there are chances for the customers to use the jewelry and return back to us, we strictly follow 24 hrs timeline to report wrong or damaged items. Failing which the product return/refund will not considered under any circumstances
How to return the products?
- Doorstep Pickup
Available for regular customers only. Customers who have bought more than 5 orders are eligible for reverse doorstep pickup.
- Self Shipping
Customer has to ship the product back to us through a reliable courier service, with exactly the same packing materials and warranty tag intact within the product. After receiving the product from the customer, our quality check team will take 2 to 3 business days to inspect the quality of the returned product and refund back to their source Bank Account or as Store Credits to Wallet.
Please Note: Customer has to share the reverse AWB - Courier Tracking Number WITHIN SEVEN DAYS (7 Days) from receiving the product, failing which the product will not be eligible for 14-days return/refund.
Customer is responsible for packing the products safely to avoid damages during transit. Damaged goods will not be processed for return.
Return is applicable only once per customer. Contact 9500019491 for further queries, or write to email@example.com


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Stafford, William, 1914-1993
Dates Of Existence
- Existence: 1914 - 1993
Howard Nemerov Papers
Identifier: MS-MS-ms089
Scope and Contents
The Howard Nemerov Papers are a large group of materials which help document the career of this important American poet. The collection includes a great number of worksheets, drafts, and notes towards poems, essays, lectures, stories, collections, and novels. Nemerov corresponded with numerous important literary figures and their letters are housed in the Nemerov Papers. Kenneth Burke, Maxine Kumin, Kay Boyle, and Reed Whittemore, in particular, have been long-time correspondents with...
Found in:
Howard Nemerov Papers
May Swenson Papers
Identifier: MS-MS-ms111
Scope and Contents
The May Swenson Papers contain manuscript and editorial material toward most of her books including Another Animal (1954), A Cage of Spines (1958), To Mix with Time: New and Selected Poems (1963), and Half Sun Half Sleep (1967). This material includes drafts of individual poems as well as letters to and from various editors, friends, and readers. Swenson's correspondents include John Hall Wheelock, and Burroughs Mitchell, but the most fascinating portion of the May Swenson Papers is her...
Found in:
May Swenson Papers


text:
British Wildlife is the leading natural history magazine in the UK, providing essential reading for both enthusiast and professional naturalists and wildlife conservationists. Published eight times a year, British Wildlife bridges the gap between popular writing and scientific literature through a combination of long-form articles, regular columns and reports, book reviews and letters.
Conservation Land Management (CLM) is a quarterly magazine that is widely regarded as essential reading for all who are involved in land management for nature conservation, across the British Isles. CLM includes long-form articles, events listings, publication reviews, new product information and updates, reports of conferences and letters.
A photographic portrayal of Scotland's natural landscape.


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A federal judge considering a constitutional challenge to drone strikes that killed three U.S. citizens in Yemen says she's "troubled" by the idea that the courts have no role to play in what's essentially a political dispute.
Over nearly two hours of arguments in her standing-room-only Washington, D.C. courtroom, Judge Rosemary Collyer repeatedly pressed the Obama administration about its claim to a broad right to use lethal force against Americans engaged in conflict overseas, demanding more than once that government lawyers put a "fence" around their position.
"The argument you are making is tied to an assertion that the court has no role in this -- none, none, none," Collyer said. "And I find that disconcerting."
The case was filed by the American Civil Liberties Union and the Center for Constitutional Rights to challenge the killing of radical U.S.-born cleric Anwar al-Awlaki by a 2011 drone strike in Yemen. He had never been publicly charged with a crime, though national security officials say he was tied to several plots against U.S. interests. Another American who died alongside Awlaki was Samir Khan, a onetime editor of Inspire, the online jihadi magazine produced by al-Qaida in the Arabian Peninsula. A few weeks later, a separate drone strike in Yemen killed Awlaki's 16-year-old son, Abdulrahman.
The Justice Department says only the elder Awlaki was specifically targeted for killing, meaning the other two Americans essentially died as collateral damage. Awlaki's father, Nasser, wrote an op-ed this week in The New York Times demanding an explanation for the deaths.
Government lawyers argue that allowing the case to proceed against senior military officials and the former leaders of the Pentagon and the CIA would interfere with executive branch prerogatives and subject the defendants to second-guessing of sensitive military and intelligence decision-making.
Brian Hauck, arguing for the Justice Department, pointed out that decisions on targeting "are made at the highest levels of the executive branch, with robust consultation with Congress."
But the judge didn't sound convinced. "No, no, no, no," Collyer said. "The executive is not an effective check on the executive when it comes to individual constitutional rights."
Advocates for the Awlaki family say the U.S. government violated the victims' constitutional rights under the Fourth and Fifth Amendments to the Constitution -- which prohibit unlawful search and seizure and deprivation of life and liberty without due process of law.
"The defendant's arguments aren't just wrong," said Pardiss Kebriaei of the Center for Constitutional Rights. "We think they're dangerous."
Kebriaei said under the Fourth Amendment, the judge should question whether the strike in which Abdulrahman died was reasonable. "An operation that targets a civilian eating area in plain view, outside of hostilities, that kills seven people including two minors is objectively unreasonable," she said.
Hina Shamsi of the ACLU told the judge that moving the case forward would "deter unconstitutional conduct" by government officials. Without that option, Shamsi said, "plaintiffs really have nothing. They have no other source of remedy."
Judge Collyer said that was true. "But there are instances where wrongs are done but for one reason or another, they cannot be remedied in a civil suit," she said.
And she left some lawyers in the courtroom with the impression that this case may be one of them.
Copyright 2013 NPR. To see more, visit www.npr.org.