text:
GHC optimisations
This page collects together information about the optimisations that GHC does and does not perform.
- GHC experts: Please check that the info in this page is correct.
- Everybody else: Feel free to add questions!
General optimisations
Dead code elimination
Does GHC remove code that you're not actually using?
Yes and no. If there is something in a module that isn't exported and isn't used by anything that is exported, it gets ignored. (This makes your compiled program smaller.) So at the module level, yes, GHC does dead code elimination.
On the other hand, if you import a module and use just 1 function from it, all of the code for all of the functions in that module get linked in. So in this sense, no, GHC doesn't do dead code elimination.
(There is a switch to make GHC spit out a separate object file for each individual function in a module. If you use this, only the functions are actually used will get linked into your executable. But this tends to freak out the linker program...)
If you want to be warned about unused code (Why do you have it there if it's unused? Did you forget to type something?) you can use the -fwarn-unused-binds
option (or just -Wall
Common subexpression elimination
First of all, common subexpression elimination (CSE) means that if an expression appears in several places, the code is rearranged so that the value of that expression is computed only once. For example:
foo x = (bar x) * (bar x)
might be transformed into
foo x = let x' = bar x in x' * x'
thus, the bar
function is only called once. (And if bar
is a particularly expensive function, this might save quite a lot of work.)
GHC doesn't actually perform CSE as often as you might expect. The trouble is, performing CSE can affect the strictness/laziness of the program. So GHC does do CSE, but only in specific circumstances --- see the GHC manual. (Section??)
Long story short: "If you care about CSE, do it by hand."
Inlining is where a function call is replaced by that function's definition. For example, the standard map
function can be defined as
map :: (a -> b) -> [a] -> [b]
map f [] = []
map f (x:xs) = f x : map f xs
Now if you write something like
foo = map bar
it's possible that the compiler might inline the definition of map
, yielding something like
foo [] = []
foo (x:xs) = bar x : foo xs
which is (hopefully!) faster, because it doesn't involve a call to the map
function any more, it just does the work directly. (This might also expose new optimisations opportunities; map
works for any types, whereas foo
probably works for only one type.)
Inlining can be forced with the INLINE pragma:
{-# INLINE key_function #-}
Inlining can be prevented with the NOINLINE pragma:
{-# NOINLINE key_function #-}
Use the compile option -funfolding-use-threshold<n> to set the size of functions to inline.
So, that's what inlining is. By default, GHC will inline things if they are 'small enough'. Every time you inline a function, you are in a sense making a (customised) copy of that function. Do too much of this and the compiled program will be enormous. So it's only worth it for 'small' functions.
Flexibility is the enemy of performance. Take (+)
for example. As you know, it adds two numbers together. However, would that be two integers? Two floating-point numbers? Two complex numbers? Two vectors? The generated machine code is very, very different in each case!
It's easy enough to make a function such as sum
, which will work for any type of number. However, in the interests of performance, if it can be determined exactly which type of number we're going to be working on, the compiler can generate exactly the right machine code, without having to do lots of runtime lookups.
GHC tries to do this where possible. However (as I understand it?) this tends to work less well across module boundaries. For example, suppose you write
module Physics where
data Force = ...
instance Num Force where ...
resultant_force :: [Force] -> Force
resultant_force = sum
One might hope that resultant_force
would get compiled using a special version of sum
tailored to adding up only Force
objects. This may or may not happen.
Generally GHC won't just take an existing function and recompile it with a new type signature. What might happen is that the function gets inlined, and specialised from there. (Can someone say something more concrete here?)
Specialization of the function resultant_force
can be forced with the SPECIALIZE pragma:
{-# SPECIALIZE resultant_force :: [Int] -> Int #-}
Strictness analysis
Haskell is a lazy language. Calculations are notionally not performed until their results are 'needed'. However, if the result definitely will be needed, it's a waste of time and effort to save up the expression and execute it later; more efficient to just execute it right now.
Strictness analysis is a process by which GHC attempts to determine, at compile-time, which data definitely will 'always be needed'. GHC can then build code to just calculate such data, rather than the normal (higher overhead) process for storing up the calculation and executing it later.
Unfortunately, looking at a program and saying "will this data be needed?" is a bit like looking at a program and saying "this program will never halt" --- see The Halting Problem. But GHC does its best, and can give big speedups in some cases.
In Haskell, it is common to write expressions such as
foo = length . filter p . map g . map f . concat
This style of writing makes it very clear what the function does (it takes a list of lists, concatenates them all, applies f to every element, applies g to every element, throws away all elements that fail p, and then calculates the length of the result). However, if executed literally, it's very inefficient.
When executed, concat
takes a list of lists and constructs a flat list. Then map
constructs another list. Then the second map
function creates yet another list...
Since Haskell is a lazy language, these intermediate lists never exist in memory in their entirety. One element will be generated by one function, and then immediately consumed by the next function in the chain. So as each element is generated, it instantly becomes garbage. So the memory usage isn't that great, but the GC load is quite high. (Not to mention all the time wasted on creating thunks, evaluating thunks, and allocating/deallocating RAM.) So we really want to avoid all this!
The term fusion refers to program transformations aimed at removing intermediate data structures. (Deforestation refers specifically to lists, but in general fusion is applicable to operations on any structure.)
The standard libraries provide a function concatMap
such that
concatMap f = concat . map f
As you can see, we don't 'need' this function --- we can define it in turns of other, simpler functions. However, it's more efficient to run because it doesn't generate an intermediate list of lists. (It's also used to define the list monad, which is probably why it's there.)
Having concatMap
is nice. But we really don't want to define new functions for every possible combination of list operators. (Do you fancy implementing a lengthFilterMapMapConcat
function?) So one of the optimisations that GHC performs is to attempt to perform fusion automatically.
One way that we could try to do this is by inlining all the function definitions. But list processing functions are generally recursive, which makes matters rather complicated. (I.e., this doesn't really work.)
Currently (GHC 6.6.1) we have build/foldr fusion. That is, where a function builds a list and passes the result to a function that consumes a list, GHC can (usually) elide the list itself. There are also other transformations that can be applied. For example, map fusion. Map fusion simply says that
map g . map f
is equivalent to
map (g . f)
(but the latter is more efficient).
All of this is implemented using GHC's transformation rules facility. This functionality is only turned on with -O or -O2.
In the future (GHC 6.7?) we will have stream fusion. In layman's terms, this increases the number of functions that can be fused = big speedups.
To be more technical, a stream represents a traversal of a list (or, indeed, some other structure such as an array). All the list functions become stream functions --- but, crucially, stream operations are non-recursive, meaning they can all be glued together. Taking our example above:
foo = length . filter p . map g . map f . concat
becomes something like
foo =
length .
fromStream . streamFilter p . toStream .
fromStream . streamMap g . toStream .
fromStream . streamMap f . toStream .
fromStream . concat . toStream
which, obviously, is massively less efficient than the original. However, since
toStream . fromStream = id
we can simplify that down to
foo =
length .
fromStream . streamFilter p .
streamMap g .
streamMap f .
streamConcat . toStream
In other words, we have a toStream
at one end, and a fromStream
at the other end, with a bunch of stream operations in the middle. These are all non-recursive; onto fromStream
actually performs a recursive loop, so once GHC does all its inlining we'll end up with something like
foreach x in xs do
... concat ...
... map f ...
... map g ...
... filter p ...
... length ...
which is what we want.
Execution Model
In order to understand how to write efficient code, and what GHC does with your code to optimise it, it helps to know a bit about what your compiled code looks like and how it works.
Graph reduction
To a first approximation, at any moment your program is a 'graph' of objects in memory. ('Graph' in the graph theory sense --- nodes connected by arcs.) Some of the objects are 'data' --- booleans, integers, strings, lists, etc. Some of those objects are functions (because Haskell lets you pass functions around like data). And some of these are thunks --- unevaluated expressions (because Haskell only evaluates expressions 'as needed').
The program starts off with a single node representing the unevaluated call to main
, and proceeds to execute from there. Each time a thunk is executed, the result (whatever it is) overwrites the thunk data. (It's possible that the result of evaluating a thunk is a new thunk of course.)
About STG
GHC compiles to the spineless tagless G-machine (STG). This is a notional graph reduction machine (i.e., a virtual machine that performs graph reductions as described above). 'G-machine' because it does graph reduction. 'Spineless' because it can't stand up to bullies. 'Tagless' because the graph nodes don't have 'tags' on them to say what they are.
Instead of tags, the nodes have access pointers. If the node is a thunk, its pointer points to the code to evaluate the thunk and return the real result. Otherwise the pointer points to some 'do-nothing' code. So to access any type of node, you just do an indirect jump on this pointer; no case analysis is necessary.
(Gosh I hope I got that lot right!)
Internally, GHC uses a kind of 'machine code' that runs on this non-existent G-machine. It does a number of optimisations on that representation, before finally compiling it into real machine code (possibly via C using GCC).
STG optimisations
There are a number of optimisations done at the STG level. These mainly involve trying to avoid unnecessary steps. For example, avoid creating a thunk which immediately creates another thunk when executed; make it evaluate all the way down to a final result in one go. (If we 'need' the thunk's value, we're going to evaluate all the way down anyway, so let's leave out the overhead...)
Primitive data types
Haskell-98 provides some standard types such as Int
, etc. GHC defines these as 'boxed' versions of GHC-specific 'unboxed' types:
-- From GHC.Exts:
data Int = I# Int#
data Word = W# Word#
data Double = D# Double#
-- etc.
Here Int#
is a GHC-specific internal type representing, literally, a plain ordinary bundle of 32 or 64 bits inside the computer somewhere. (Depending on whether it's a 32 or 64-bit architecture.)
In particular, a Int#
is strict, whereas a Int
Algebraic data types
(I'm not sure about the basic memory layout. Somebody fill in the general case?)
There are a few special cases:
Types with 1 constructor
If a function returns a tuple of values, and the caller immediately takes the tuple apart again, GHC will attempt to eliminate the tuple completely at the machine code level. Actually, this works for all types having exactly 1 constructor.
Constructors with no fields
Booleans are a good example:
data Bool = False | True
GHC will construct a single object in memory representing False
, and another representing True
. All Bool
values are thus pointers to one or the other of these objects. (And hence, consume either 32 or 64 bits.)


text: Fig. 55. ERECHTHONIUS AND THE DAUGHTERS OF CECROPS. In the Liechtenstein Gallery at Vienna. After a photograph from the original by Braun, Clément & Co., Dornach, Paris and New-York. (To page 72.) and original. There certainly can be nothing more finished, nor more complete in itself, than the above-mentioned representation of the heroic Death of the Consul P. Decius Mus. Yet this composition is really taken from another picture of much smaller dimensions now in the Munich Pinakothek which treats of an altogether different subject: i. e. the Defeat of Sennacherib. The angels of the Lord breaking through the dark clouds and bringing death and consternation upon the cavalry of the King of Assyria, are painted with unusual force (Fig. 47). A divine punishment, and a hero's expiatory self-sacrifice are both most strikingly treated with incomparable skill, although the second composition is founded on the same conception as the earlier work. A slight but very fine pen and ink drawing in the Albertina (Fig. 48) shows another adaptation of this favourite subject: the Destruction of the Hosts of Assyrian: whilst the Munich Pinakothek possesses a companion picture to the Defeat of Sennacherib, representing the Conversion of St. Paul, executed probably about the same time; i. e. shortly before 1618. Here also a sudden catastrophe, against which no resistance seems to be possible is depicted with the utmost vigour. A sudden flash of light depriving the men of their senses strikes terror into the horses. Saul, as if thunderstruck, to the dismay of the companions, still able to observe him, has fallen to the earth (Fig. 49). In the same Gallery is to be found also the sketch for this picture, which shows how clearly the master had planned out his first conception. It would seem that the representation of a tumultuous crowd of men and horses had at that period great attractions for Rubens. His most celebrated work of this nature, also in the Pinakothek, is the Battle of the Amazons; the exact date of the execution of which work can be fixed by the circumstance that Rubens in 1622 wrote to a friend, that Lucas Vostermann had in hand for three years an engraving of this picture. This painting of comparatively smaller dimensions is, like the two aboved-named compositions, also executed with the greatest care. In a way it recalls Leonardo da Vinci's Battle of Anghiari, of which Rubens had made a drawing, when in Milan, and at the same time also Raphael's Battle of Constantine in the Vatican. Nevertheless the work in its entirety breathes the independent genius of Rubens. On a narrow bridge several warrior maidens are making a last effort to resist the furious onset of Theseus' cavalry. A frantic struggle is taking place in which even the horses seem to participate. But the Amazon's defeat is clearly imminent. In vain the standardbearer seeks to recover her banner, which a youthful Greek is wrenching from her. Grasping it with ebbing strength, she is flung off her rearing horse. Other Amazons together with their horses are precipitated into the river. The water dashes up with the force of their fall whilst their horses galop off riderless. Nearer the bridge, some, still mounted, in wild despair ride over the bodies of their dead companions into the water; whence others have already tried to gain safety by swimming. In the distance Fig. 56. THE TOILET OF VENUS. In the Liechtenstein Gallery at Vienna. After a photograph from the original by Franz Hanfstängl, Munich. (To page 72.) a conflagration is visible, the glowing red of which tints the horizon (Fig. 50). In 1519 Rubens was commissioned by Caspar Charles to paint St. Francis of Assisi receiving Extreme Unction as a large altar-piece for the Church of the Minorites at Antwerp. It was no easy task for a painter of voluptuous splendour; who loved to portray Saints of youthful beauty clad in brillant silks; to have to represent an ascetic monk: but the artist, who could, if he pleased, do anything, well understood how to make the most even of this commission. In general conception he adhered to a well-known example of a similar subject, namely, Domenichino's Communion of St. Jerome in the Vatican. In this instance this Prince of colour abjured his natural taste, and avoiding all colour composed the entire picture in a sombre brown tone. Delighting as he did in loveliness of form, he chose here to lay the utmost stress upon the expression of soul: and it is from that stand-point that we must examine this picture. From that point of view also the kneeling Saint, nude, and no longer able to control his wasted limbs, who supported by two fellow monks and living only to receive the Last Offices, becomes one of the chefs d'œuvre,-worthy of the fame which has always surrounded it, of the Museum at Antwerp (Fig. 53). Among the numerous pictures representing the Virgin Mary with the Infant Christ alone, or surrounded by Saints, there is a specially attractive one, which must have been painted in 1619. In its execution we can recognise the collaboration of Rubens' greatest pupil, Anthony van Dyck, who is known to have worked in the master's studio from 1618 to 1620, and who had even already begun to be a worthy rival. This painting is in the Picture Gallery at Cassel; whilst a slightly varied replica is in the Hermitage Collection. It represents the Mother of God enthroned as a Refuge for Sinners. On her lap stands Jesus, whom she supports with her right arm, whilst her left rests on the little St. John. Before her kneels the Prodigal Son; beside whom Mary Magdalene gazes up at the Infant Christ with pious fervour, her beautiful hands crosssed on her bosom; and near her is King David, no less remarkable for his expressive countenance. From behind these biblical personages, the representative Saints of the Penitential Orders,-SS. Dominic and Francis, approach the throne. Beside King David stands Augustine, the Holy Bishop and further back St. George with his banner (Fig. 52). In the dark-haired Mary Magdalene we may perhaps recognize a remote, and perhaps scarcely intended, likeness to Isabella Brant; but there is no doubt that the Infant Jesus is a genuine portrait of Rubens' second son, who saw the light in March 1618. This boy, who received the name of Nicholas from his god-father the Marquess Pallavicini of Genoa, seems to have been the special favourite of his father; and a charming sketch of a child's head, representing him at two years of age, is in the Museum at Berlin. Not less attractive is another drawing of him, at a still more tender age, in the Albertina, evidently a study for the Cassel picture (Fig. 51). Somewhat akin to this work, as far as details are concerned, and no doubt painted about the same time, is the fine picture with half-length figures in the Pinakothek at Munich: "The Saviour and the Four Penitents". The expression of the head of Christ, the Personification of Benevolence and Mercy, as well as those of Mary Magdalene, the Penitent Thief, St. Peter, and King David, are wonderful in the realism of their expression (Fig. 54). Fig. 57. THE FOUR CONTINENTS. In the Imperial Gallery at Vienna. After a photograph from the original by J. Löwy, Vienna. (To page 72.) The peculiarly attractive, and graciously modelled figure of a woman, with hair and complexion shining, as it were, in their own brilliance, so frequently painted by Rubens as Mary Magdalene, appears in an altogether different rôle, - as the Personification of the Goddess of Love, in a very carefully executed picture in the Liechtenstein - Gallery. Here her exquisite |

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Over the last few months I have been experimenting with omelettes and in particular I have been focusing on open faced omelettes but lets not forget the classic folded omelette. It has been a while since I last made a folded omelet and as soon as I saw this recipe for a guacamole omelette with salsa on Kalyn's Kitchen I knew that it was time to try making one again. I would not have though to use avocado let alone guacamole in an omelette but as soon as I had heard the idea I was intrigued. The folded over omelette is a bit trickier than an open faced omelette but as long as you don't over stuff it and fold the one side over gently it is still pretty easy. It was hard not to over stuff this omelette but judicial snacking on the guacamole before it made it to the omelette helped out a lot and the guacamole omelette turned out great. Guacamole works so well stuffed in an omelette! The cool and creamy guacamole was surrounded by warm melted gooey cheese and light and fluffy eggs and overall it was amazing. The spicy salsa topping finish this breakfast off perfectly.
Guacamole Omelette with Salsa
- 2 eggs
- 1 pinch chili powder
- salt and pepper to taste
- 1/4 cup cheddar cheese (grated)
- 1/4 cup guacamole
- 1/4 cup salsa
- Mix the chili powder, salt and pepper into the eggs.
- Heat a pan, pour the eggs in and let them cook until the just start to set.
- Sprinkle the cheese on and let it start to melt, about a minute.
- Spread the guacamole over half of the eggs and cook until the eggs have set, about a minute.
- Fold the the egg over the guacamole and slip onto a plate.
- Pour the salsa onto the omelette and enjoy.
Black Bean Guacamole Omelette
Bacon Cheeseburger Omelette
Zucchini and Green Chile Egg Breakfast Casserole with Salsa
Ham and Cheese Egg Casserole
Caramelized Apple and Cheddar Omelette with Bacon and Candied Walnuts
Kimchi, Bacon and Shiitake Mushroom Omelette
Guacamole Grilled Cheese Sandwich
Chorizo Scrambled Eggs Breakfast Tacos
Avocado Breakfast Pizza with Fried Egg
Pad Thai Omelette


text:
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- Published in Technology


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text:
Blast Off! - Studio 1
Free with membership or paid admission
Let your little ones do what NASA did: be inspired by outer space and create! In this interactive family studio, visitors can make projects at hands-on stations like Wonders of Space, Creature Critters from Space, Lunar Lookout, and What Do You Take to the Moon?
This exhibition will be on view from July 14-October 7, 2012.
Sposored by Hubbell-Waterman and the Brand Boeshaar Foundation Fund


text:
Relax Grey Color Hoodie size S to XXL Unisex adult
Everything is hand printed by me at my house using Eco-friendly inks and supplies. All designs are screen printed by hand and are high quality prints. The ink is pressed into the fabric permanently, and cured at high temperatures so the image will not fade, crack, or wash off. You can order confidently, knowing everything is done professionally.
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see all hoodie product this veroattack


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Kawaii Cat Sticker
Kawaii Cat Sticker
Cat stickers for your own collection are a must for cat lovers! Check out these beautiful and cute stickers, we are sure that you will love them.😻
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text:
Welcome to Churchlands
At Churchlands retirement housing scheme in Seacombe, we offer 20 one bedroom and 2 two bedroom purpose-built properties for rent for people over the age of 55.
The property is situated close to New Brighton and has excellent transport links to Liverpool City Centre, Chester and North Wales. The local shops are within walking distance and include supermarkets, a post office, a library, hairdressers and cafes. There are doctors' surgeries within walking distance. Other local amenities include a swimming pool, the beach and promenade and Seacombe Ferry Port, which hosts a cruise along the River Mersey.
We understand that sometimes you like to be alone and at other times you may want to be more sociable. Our properties give you that freedom. At Churchlands we run social activities including bingo nights, coffee mornings and day trips.
You will not need to worry about maintenance and repairs or gardening upkeep as we take care of those. We provide a wide range of facilities including a garden with seating areas and five parking spaces.
Features of Churchlands
Communal facilities
Shared facilities complementing each private residence:
- Secure door entry system on all external doors
- Car parking available
Care and support
More support available when you need it:
- Supporting Manager
- 24 hour emergency response call system
Life at Churchlands
At Churchlands sheltered housing scheme, we offer purpose-built and well-maintained rented accommodation for people over the age of 55.
Your home will be completely self-contained with your own front door allowing you the privacy and independence you expect. It will be easy to maintain, and you will be able to give your new home a personal touch and decorate and furnish it as you wish.
Your kitchen will have fully-fitted units. There will be storage space and lounge and bedroom areas.
Many of the people who live in our properties have arranged broadband and digital or satellite TV and most properties have a telephone point.
You will want to feel safe in your new home and that's why each of our properties is fitted with an emergency alarm.
Our retirement properties have a real community feel where people interact with their neighbours, families and friends, continuing to do all the things they love.
Our rented housing locations plan and organise a wide range of activities and events tailored to the interests of the people living in them. Events are varied and many of our rented housing locations choose to set up social committees to include everyone in the planning of communal events and activities.
Pricing information
We endeavour to be completely transparent about all our charges and fees. Below is indicative pricing to act as a guide to the costs at Churchlands, Wallasey. For further information please contact us.
How much does it cost?
Properties for rent
Your monthly fee will range from £520.31 and normally includes your rent and service charge.
What is included in rental fees?
Our service charge covers all the cost of amenities you share with your neighbours, including the scheme manager service, our 24-hour emergency call service (Anchor on Call), repairs and maintenance, window cleaning, gardening and the cleaning of communal areas.
Your local council will be able to advise you about getting help paying your rent and service charge through housing benefit. They will also be able to tell you if they will be paying a grant to us to meet or contribute towards the support cost elements of our services to you.
Applying to live here
Anyone aged 55 or over can apply for an Anchor property.
Property options will depend on your circumstances and what's available.
If this location is showing immediate availability you may be able to move in straight away. However, due to the popularity of our locations, it's likely that you'll be placed on a waiting list, with properties allocated based on a number of factors (see frequently asked questions).
- Make an enquiry
To start your enquiry, simply click the "Enquire now" button where you'll be given the option to complete an online enquiry form or to call us on the number provided.
- Choose your home
We'll send you information about the location(s) you're interested in, including details of current vacancies and any waiting list(s). If you'd like to visit, you're welcome to contact the local manager who'll be happy to show you around in person. If you'd prefer, we can also offer virtual viewings using technology to support your decision-making, where this is possible.
- Complete an application
Once you've decided that a location is right for you and that you're eligible, you'll need to apply for a property by calling our Customer Centre on 0800 731 2020. Or visit your chosen location where the manager will take your application. In either case, we'll take you through the process in person.
- Next steps
Where there's a vacant property and no waiting list, you'll be able to view it and may be able to move in immediately. However, due to their popularity, many locations have a waiting list.
Once we receive and have processed your application, you'll receive a letter confirming that you're on the waiting list for your chosen location(s) and advising you on what you can expect next.
Your application will be held on the waiting list in date order. Note that we may need to offer a property to someone who's applied after you and has a priority need for housing (see frequently asked questions).
Below are some frequently asked questions to help you apply to live with us:
Which locations can I apply for?
You can apply to live in any of our properties throughout England.
How many locations can I apply for?
You can apply for up to five retirement housing for rent locations. However, make sure you only apply for locations that you're interested in as you can only refuse up to three offers before your application is closed for all locations.
How do you allocate properties on the waiting list?
We'll put your application on the waiting list in date order however there are several other factors that need to be taken into account:
- We're obliged to offer some of our empty properties to local authorities - this varies from location to location
- When we do let from our own waiting list then we initially seek to offer properties to:
- our own tenants and leaseholders who are seeking a transfer, subject to living with Anchor for at least 12 months, adhering to our tenancy agreement, and having an up-to-date rent account. Existing residents receive only one priority move with Anchor.
- an applicant with a priority need for housing. This may include someone who urgently needs a specially adapted property.
We aim to make the best use of our properties by matching the size of an applicant's household to the size of the property and those with a better match will be offered a property first.
How long will I have to wait for a property?
We can let you know how many people are on the waiting list for location(s) you're interested in as well as how many properties we've let to applicants on the waiting list in the past 12 months.
However, we're unable to give you an exact timeframe for how long it will take to be offered a property. Timings will depend on the waiting list and a property becoming available.
Can I take a tour of the location?
Yes, the local manager will be happy to show you around, although you may not be able to see inside properties if they're occupied. If you'd like to visit, please contact the local manager using the number provided on enquiry.
If you'd prefer, we can also offer virtual viewings using technology to support your decision-making, where this is possible.
The local manager will provide important local information such as public transport options, car parking and scooter storage, social activities taking place, alongside room dimensions and what furnishings you can expect.
They can also help you to complete an application if required.
In many of our locations we welcome applicants on the waiting list to join in social activities so you can make friends before you make a move.
I've also applied to my local authority – can I still apply for an Anchor property?
Yes. We work with a large number of local authorities. If you also apply to a local authority, you may increase your chances of finding a property. For more information, contact your local authority's housing department.
Getting here
2 Bridle Road, Wallasey, Merseyside, CH44 7JS


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The World's Most Expensive Bacon Sandwich
If there is one thing the internet has taught us it's that people really love bacon. A coffee house in Cheltenham, England is betting that there are folks out there who love the cured meat so much that they would be willing to shell out 150 pounds ($237) for what they are calling the Bacon Bling sandwich.
At the heart of the sandwich are seven slices of rare pig bacon. The pork is covered with sliced truffles, saffron and a free-range egg. Then it's topped with edible gold dust just because.
Paul Philips, the owner of Tangberry coffee house, hopes to have his creation recognized by Guinness as the world's most expensive commercially-available bacon sandwich. However, as of now, the record keeper doesn't have such a category.
But the good news is that it's all for charity. Yes, Phillips will be donating all the proceeds from the concoction to a children's charity and another which helps veterans when their service is over.
So if you like your gluttonous conspicuous consumption with a side of social awareness, this could be the sandwich for you.


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Prom Dresses
Browse our large selection of elegant long prom dresses, and find the perfect long formal dresses for your prom. At Okstyles you will find many long prom dresses and gowns from the top formal dress designers and manufacturers. A long dress makes an elegant statement at any formal event whether it is prom, a formal dance, or wedding. Shop our huge selection of long dresses, and you will find long elegant dresses priced to fit every budget. Whatever the event you are looking for, we have your perfect long dress.


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Are you interested in learning more about what we have to offer you? We are more than happy to provide additional information about our services. For any other questions you have, contact us through the form below.
Please be sure to include your name, email, phone, and the specific service or product in question. You will receive a confirmation after submitting the form, and we will respond as quickly as possible for your satisfaction.


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Native Legislator Ponka-We Victors Turns Tables at Immigration Hearing in Kansas
A remark about immigration made by a Native State Representative at a hearing in the Kansas House of Representatives has attracted the attention of major media -- and yet to many Natives, it's merely the plainest of facts.
The hearing concerned the legality of offering children of illegal immigrants to pay the in-state tuition rate to attend universities and community colleges in Kansas. The Legislature was seeking to overturn a statute that has been on the books for nearly a decade -- a Topeka Capital-Journal story described the effort as an "annual attempt."
Ponka-We Victors (D-Wichita), a member of the Ponca Tribe of Oklahoma and the Tohono O'odham Nation, and the only American Indian in the Kansas State Legislature, offered her reading of the situation to Kris Kobach, Kansas' Secretary of State.
"I think it's funny Mr. Kobach, because when you mention illegal immigrant, I think of all of you," Victors said, prompting cheers from the gallery, described by the Capital-Journal as "heavily pro-immigrant." Rep. Arlen Siegfreid (R-Olathe) the chairman of the House Federal and State Affairs Committee, felt moved to tell the room, "Please don't do that."
The encounter takes on added significance when one considers the man Victors was addressing. Kris Kobach is known around the country as an anti-immigration hawk, and had a hand in such controversial measures as Arizona's SB 1070. As Mother Jones puts it, "if there's a controversial new anti-immigration law that's captured national attention, chances are that it has Kris Kobach's imprimatur."
The moment was encapsulated with the image below (note that it borrows the upraised hand and feather from Idle No More posters) which has been heavily shared on social media:


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320 g • 100% organic soy wax • wooden wick
Burn Time: 30 hrs
top: mimosa
heart: milk, tuberose
base: vanilla, patchouli, amber
Volume: 150 ml • 5 oz
Diameter: 9 cm • 3.5 in
Height: 7 cm • 2.8 in
Weight: 400 g • 0.9 lbs
We offer worldwide shipping. Shipping costs are indicated on the checkout page. We have a Free shipping rate policy for all EU and UK orders over €45 and £40 respectively.
Once your order has been dispatched, it usually takes 2-3 working days to arrive at your doorsteps in the EU, 3-5 working days in the UK, and 3-6 working days in the US. We also offer priority shipping with guaranteed 1-2 working days delivery to all countries. You can track your order using the details provided in the dispatch confirmation email.
We always try to make sure our customers love our products, but if you need to return an order, we're happy to assist. We extend our standard return policy for a full refund from 14 to 30 days. Please review our return policy for details.
All our parcels are insured during transportation and we offer a breakage guarantee on all our products in case they arrive damaged. You can always reach us at firstname.lastname@example.com where we will try our best to assist you.
The mastery and artisanship of handmade glass is a signature of KLIMCHI.
All our products are 100% handmade in our family glass factory in Bohemia, Czech Republic. Bohemian crystal is best-known for its sparkling clarity and brilliance. Every product is original.
Handmade glass may contain bubbles and shades may vary due to the manufacturing process. Any minor imperfections are evidences of its handmade nature.


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Test run at: 2024-01-12 21:12:48 GMT
Client Prefix (v6): 2804:18:58xx::/40
Client AS (v6): 26599
IPv6 Probes: 60
Outbound spoofing summary (from the client to our server) Source address type IPv6 Private - ULA blocked Routable blocked Largest spoofable neighbor prefix length /64
Spoof status key received Spoofed packet was received. ✔ Pattern of tests from this IP block indicates a switch from allowing spoofing to blocking it. rewritten Spoofed packet was received, but the source address was changed en route. blocked Spoofed packet was not received, but unspoofed packet was. unknown Neither spoofed nor unspoofed packet was received.
IPv6 AS Route:
This test run probed the following paths in order to infer your ability to send different spoofed source packets. Each node in the graph corresponds to an autonomous system, i.e. different Internet service providers. NOTE: This graph does NOT show if an AS blocks spoofed packets, only the path taken by received spoofed packets. The IP Path Details are available for this run. If non-spoofed packets weren't received at a destination, the traceroute to that destination is not included in this graph and may even cause a totally empty graph.IPv6 probes:
IPv6 Adjacent Netblock Testing:
Spoofed source address Destination Received 2001:48d0:101:501::159 2001:48d0:101:501::242 no 2001:4978:1fb:6400::d2 2001:48d0:101:501::242 no 2001:49aa:111:aa00::11 2001:48d0:101:501::242 no fd11:1111:1111::1111 2001:48d0:101:501::242 no 2001:48d0:101:501::159 2001:48d0:101:501::247 no 2001:4978:1fb:6400::d2 2001:48d0:101:501::247 no 2001:49aa:111:aa00::11 2001:48d0:101:501::247 no fd11:1111:1111::1111 2001:48d0:101:501::247 no 2001:48d0:101:501::159 2001:610:510:115:192:42:115:98 no 2001:4978:1fb:6400::d2 2001:610:510:115:192:42:115:98 no 2001:49aa:111:aa00::11 2001:610:510:115:192:42:115:98 no fd11:1111:1111::1111 2001:610:510:115:192:42:115:98 no 2001:48d0:101:501::159 2001:630:212:225:225:90ff:fe0c:45a6 no 2001:4978:1fb:6400::d2 2001:630:212:225:225:90ff:fe0c:45a6 no 2001:49aa:111:aa00::11 2001:630:212:225:225:90ff:fe0c:45a6 no fd11:1111:1111::1111 2001:630:212:225:225:90ff:fe0c:45a6 no 2001:48d0:101:501::159 2001:638:902:2000:ba27:ebff:fe86:2c51 no 2001:4978:1fb:6400::d2 2001:638:902:2000:ba27:ebff:fe86:2c51 no 2001:49aa:111:aa00::11 2001:638:902:2000:ba27:ebff:fe86:2c51 no fd11:1111:1111::1111 2001:638:902:2000:ba27:ebff:fe86:2c51 no 2001:48d0:101:501::159 2001:770:1c:7:225:90ff:fe0c:acb4 no 2001:4978:1fb:6400::d2 2001:770:1c:7:225:90ff:fe0c:acb4 no 2001:49aa:111:aa00::11 2001:770:1c:7:225:90ff:fe0c:acb4 no fd11:1111:1111::1111 2001:770:1c:7:225:90ff:fe0c:acb4 no 2001:48d0:101:501::159 2607:8400:2880:4::80df:9d0d no 2001:4978:1fb:6400::d2 2607:8400:2880:4::80df:9d0d no 2001:49aa:111:aa00::11 2607:8400:2880:4::80df:9d0d no fd11:1111:1111::1111 2607:8400:2880:4::80df:9d0d no 2001:48d0:101:501::159 2607:f278:2:13:da3a:ddff:fe30:ce14 no 2001:4978:1fb:6400::d2 2607:f278:2:13:da3a:ddff:fe30:ce14 no 2001:49aa:111:aa00::11 2607:f278:2:13:da3a:ddff:fe30:ce14 no fd11:1111:1111::1111 2607:f278:2:13:da3a:ddff:fe30:ce14 no
Spoofed source address (anon) Prefix
LengthASN of spoofed
source addressReceived 2804:18:58xx::/40 /120 26599 yes 2804:18:58xx::/40 /112 26599 yes 2804:18:58xx::/40 /104 26599 yes 2804:18:58xx::/40 /96 26599 yes 2804:18:58xx::/40 /88 26599 yes 2804:18:58xx::/40 /80 26599 yes 2804:18:58xx::/40 /72 26599 yes 2804:18:58xx::/40 /64 26599 yes 2804:18:58xx::/40 /56 26599 no 2804:18:58xx::/40 /48 26599 no 2804:18:58xx::/40 /40 26599 no 2804:18:d8xx::/40 /32 UNROUTED no 2804:98:58xx::/40 /24 UNROUTED no 2804:8018:58xx::/40 /16 UNROUTED no Meaning of status in Received column:
no Packets spoofed from adjacent netblock were not received, probably due to blocking yes Packets spoofed from adjacent netblock were received (but that netblock is within the source AS)
The results from all tests are aggregated to produce a summary "State of IP Spoofing" report.Feedback:
We welcome questions and feedback to the Spoofer Information Mailing List and invite users to join the Spoofer Users Mailing List for discussion and announcements.


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Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking up Arms
Declaration Of The Causes And Necessity Of Taking Up Arms
If it was possible for men, who exercise their reason to believe, that the divine Author of our existence intended a part of the human race to hold an absolute property in, and an unbounded power over others, marked out by his infinite goodness and wisdom, as the objects of a legal domination never rightfully resistible, however severe and oppressive, the inhabitants of these colonies might at least require from the parliament of Great-Britain some evidence, that this dreadful authority over them, has been granted to that body. But a reverence for our Creator, principles of humanity, and the dictates of common sense, must convince all those who reflect upon the subject, that government was instituted to promote the welfare of mankind, and ought to be administered for the attainment of that end. The legislature of Great-Britain, however, stimulated by an inordinate passion for a power not only unjustifiable, but which they know to be peculiarly reprobated by the very constitution of that kingdom, and desparate of success in any mode of contest, where regard should be had to truth, law, or right, have at length, deserting those, attempted to effect their cruel and impolitic purpose of enslaving these colonies by violence, and have thereby rendered it necessary for us to close with their last appeal from reason to arms. Yet, however blinded that assembly may be, by their intemperate rage for unlimited domination, so to sight justice and the opinion of mankind, we esteem ourselves bound by obligations of respect to the rest of the world, to make known the justice of our cause. Our forefathers, inhabitants of the island of Great-Britain, left their native land, to seek on these shores a residence for civil and religious freedom. At the expense of their blood, at the hazard of their fortunes, without the least charge to the country from which they removed, by unceasing labour, and an unconquerable spirit, they effected settlements in the distant and unhospitable wilds of America, then filled with numerous and warlike barbarians.—Societies or governments, vested with perfect legislatures, were formed under charters from the crown, and an harmonious intercourse was established between the colonies and the kingdom from which they derived their origin. The mutual benefits of this union became in a short time so extraordinary, as to excite astonishment. It is universally confessed, that the amazing increase of the wealth, strength, and navigation of the realm, arose from this source; and the minister, who so wisely and successfully directed the measures of Great-Britain in the late war, publicly declared, that these colonies enabled her to triumph over her enemies.—Towards the conclusion of that war, it pleased our sovereign to make a change in his counsels.—From that fatal movement, the affairs of the British empire began to fall into confusion, and gradually sliding from the summit of glorious prosperity, to which they had been advanced by the virtues and abilities of one man, are at length distracted by the convulsions, that now shake it to its deepest foundations.—The new ministry finding the brave foes of Britain, though frequently defeated, yet still contending, took up the unfortunate idea of granting them a hasty peace, and then subduing her faithful friends.
These colonies were judged to be in such a state, as to present victories without bloodshed, and all the easy emoluments of statuteable plunder.—The uninterrupted tenor of their peaceable and respectful behaviour from the beginning of colonization, their dutiful, zealous, and useful services during the war, though so recently and amply acknowledged in the most honourable manner by his majesty, by the late king, and by parliament, could not save them from the meditated innovations.—Parliament was influenced to adopt the pernicious project, and assuming a new power over them, have in the course of eleven years, given such decisive specimens of the spirit and consequences attending this power, as to leave no doubt concerning the effects of acquiescence under it. They have undertaken to give and grant our money without our consent, though we have ever exercised an exclusive right to dispose of our own property; statutes have been passed for extending the jurisdiction of courts of admiralty and vice-admiralty beyond their ancient limits; for depriving us of the accustomed and inestimable privilege of trial by jury, in cases affecting both life and property; for suspending the legislature of one of the colonies; for interdicting all commerce to the capital of another; and for altering fundamentally the form of government established by charter, and secured by acts of its own legislature solemnly confirmed by the crown; for exempting the "murderers" of colonists from legal trial, and in effect, from punishment; for erecting in a neighbouring province, acquired by the joint arms of Great-Britain and America, a despotism dangerous to our very existence; and for quartering soldiers upon the colonists in time of profound peace. It has also been resolved in parliament, that colonists charged with committing certain offences, shall be transported to England to be tried. But why should we enumerate our injuries in detail? By one statute it is declared, that parliament can "of right make laws to bind us in all cases whatsoever." What is to defend us against so enormous, so unlimited a power? Not a single man of those who assume it, is chosen by us; or is subject to our control or influence; but, on the contrary, they are all of them exempt from the operation of such laws, and an American revenue, if not diverted from the ostensible purposes for which it is raised, would actually lighten their own burdens in proportion, as they increase ours. We saw the misery to which such despotism would reduce us. We for ten years incessantly and ineffectually besieged the throne as supplicants; we reasoned, we remonstrated with parliament, in the most mild and decent language.
Administration sensible that we should regard these oppressive measures as freemen ought to do, sent over fleets and armies to enforce them. The indignation of the Americans was roused, it is true; but it was the indignation of a virtuous, loyal, and affectionate people. A Congress of delegates from the United Colonies was assembled at Philadelphia, on the fifth day of last September. We resolved again to offer an humble and dutiful petition to the King, and also addressed our fellow-subjects of Great-Britain. We have pursued every temperate, every respectful measure; we have even proceeded to break off our commercial intercourse with our fellow-subjects, as the last peaceable admonition, that our attachment to no nation upon earth should supplant our attachment to liberty.—This, we flattered ourselves, was the ultimate step of the controversy: but subsequent events have shewn, how vain was this hope of finding moderation in our enemies.
Several threatening expressions against the colonies were inserted in his majesty's speech; our petition, tho' we were told it was a decent one, and that his majesty had been pleased to receive it graciously, and to promise laying it before his parliament, was huddled into both houses among a bundle of American papers, and there neglected. The lords and commons in their address, in the month of February, said, that "a rebellion at that time actually existed within the province of Massachusetts-Bay; and that those concerned with it, had been countenanced and encouraged by unlawful combinations and engagements, entered into by his majesty's subjects in several of the other colonies; and therefore they besought his majesty, that he would take the most effectual measures to inforce due obediance to the laws and authority of the supreme legislature."—Soon after, the commercial intercourse of whole colonies, with foreign countries, and with each other, was cut off by an act of parliament; by another several of them were intirely prohibited from the fisheries in the seas near their coasts, on which they always depended for their sustenance; and large reinforcements of ships and troops were immediately sent over to general Gage.
Fruitless were all the entreaties, arguments, and eloquence of an illustrious band of the most distinguished peers, and commoners, who nobly and strenuously asserted the justice of our cause, to stay, or even to mitigate the heedless fury with which these accumulated and unexampled outrages were hurried on.—equally fruitless was the interference of the city of London, of Bristol, and many other respectable towns in our favor. Parliament adopted an insidious manoeuvre calculated to divide us, to establish a perpetual auction of taxations where colony should bid against colony, all of them uninformed what ransom would redeem their lives; and thus to extort from us, at the point of the bayonet, the unknown sums that should be sufficient to gratify, if possible to gratify, ministerial rapacity, with the miserable indulgence left to us of raising, in our own mode, the prescribed tribute. What terms more rigid and humiliating could have been dictated by remorseless victors to conquered enemies? in our circumstances to accept them, would be to deserve them.
Soon after the intelligence of these proceedings arrived on this continent, general Gage, who in the course of the last year had taken possession of the town of Boston, in the province of Massachusetts-Bay, and still occupied in it a garrison, on the 19th day of April, sent out from that place a large detachment of his army, who made an unprovoked assault on the inhabitants of the said province, at the town of Lexington, as appears by the affidavits of a great number of persons, some of whom were officers and soldiers of that detachment, murdered eight of the inhabitants, and wounded many others. From thence the troops proceeded in warlike array to the town of Concord, where they set upon another party of the inhabitants of the same province, killing several and wounding more, until compelled to retreat by the country people suddenly assembled to repel this cruel aggression. Hostilities, thus commenced by the British troops, have been since prosecuted by them without regard to faith or reputation.—The inhabitants of Boston being confined within that town by the general their governor, and having, in order to procure their dismission, entered into a treaty with him, it was stipulated that the said inhabitants having deposited their arms with their own magistrate, should have liberty to depart, taking with them their other effects. They accordingly delivered up their arms, but in open violation of honour, in defiance of the obligation of treaties, which even savage nations esteemed sacred, the governor ordered the arms deposited as aforesaid, that they might be preserved for their owners, to be seized by a body of soldiers; detained the greatest part of the inhabitants in the town, and compelled the few who were permitted to retire, to leave their most valuable effects behind.
By this perfidy wives are separated from their husbands, children from their parents, the aged and the sick from their relations and friends, who wish to attend and comfort them; and those who have been used to live in plenty and even elegance, are reduced to deplorable distress.
The general, further emulating his ministerial masters, by a proclamation bearing date on the 12th day of June, after venting the grossest falsehoods and calumnies against the good people of these colonies, proceeds to "declare them all, either by name or description, to be rebels and traitors, to supercede the course of the common law, and instead thereof to publish and order the use and exercise of the law martial."—His troops have butchered our countrymen, have wantonly burnt Charlestown, besides a considerable number ber of houses in other places; our ships and vessels are seized; the necessary supplies of provisions are intercepted, and he is exerting his utmost power to spread destruction and devastation around him.
We have received certain intelligence, that general Carleton, the governor of Canada, is instigating the people of that province and the Indians to fall upon us; and we have but too much reason to apprehend, that schemes have been formed to excite domestic enemies against us. In brief, a part of these colonies now feel, and all of them are sure of feeling, as far as the vengeance of administration can inflict them, the complicated calamities of fire, sword and famine. We are reduced to the alternative of chusing an unconditional submission to the tyranny of irritated ministers, or resistance by force.—The latter is our choice.—We have counted the cost of this contest, and find nothing so dreadful as voluntary slavery.—Honour, justice, and humanity, forbid us tamely to surrender that freedom which we received from our gallant ancestors, and which our innocent posterity have a right to receive from us. We cannot endure the infamy and guilt of resigning succeeding generations to that wretchedness which inevitably awaits them, if we basely entail hereditary bondage upon them.
Our cause is just. Our union is perfect. Our internal resources are great, and, if necessary, foreign assistance is undoubtedly attainable.—We gratefully acknowledge, as signal instances of the Divine favour towards us, that his Providence would not permit us to be called into this severe controversy, until we were grown up to our present strength, had been previously exercised in warlike operation, and possessed of the means of defending ourselves. With hearts fortified with these animating reflections, we most solemnly, before God and the world, declare, that, exerting the utmost energy of those powers, which our beneficent Creator hath graciously bestowed upon us, the arms we have been compelled by our enemies to assume, we will, in defiance of every hazard, with unabating firmness and perseverence, employ for the preservation of our liberties; being with one mind resolved to die freemen rather than to live slaves.
Lest this declaration should disquiet the minds of our friends and fellow-subjects in any part of the empire, we assure them that we mean not to dissolve that union which has so long and so happily subsisted between us, and which we sincerely wish to see restored.—Necessity has not yet driven us into that desperate measure, or induced us to excite any other nation to war against them.—We have not raised armies with ambitious designs of separating from Great-Britain, and establishing independent states. We fight not for glory or for conquest. We exhibit to mankind the remarkable spectacle of a people attacked by unprovoked enemies, without any imputation or even suspicion of offence. They boast of their privileges and civilization, and yet proffer no milder conditions than servitude or death.
In our own native land, in defence of the freedom that is our birthright, and which we ever enjoyed till the late violation of it—for the protection of our property, acquired solely by the honest industry of our fore-fathers and ourselves, against violence actually offered, we have taken up arms. We shall lay them down when hostilities shall cease on the part of the aggressors, and all danger of their being renewed shall be removed, and not before.
With an humble confidence in the mercies of the supreme and impartial Judge and Ruler of the Universe, we most devoutly implore his divine goodness to protect us happily through this great conflict, to dispose our adversaries to reconciliation on reasonable terms, and thereby to relieve the empire from the calamities of civil war.
Additional topics
Law Library - American Law and Legal InformationHistorical Legal Documents and Landmark SpeechesDeclaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking up Arms - Declaration Of The Causes And Necessity Of Taking Up Arms


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Arena Carbonite Ladies Swimsuit – Black / Blue
£35.00 (inc. VAT)
£25.00 (inc. VAT)
£20.83 (excl. VAT)
For UK orders 20% VAT will be included in prices where applicable.
(Junior swimwear is zero VAT)
For deliveries outside the UK VAT is removed at checkout. Any import duties / taxes which may be payable by non-UK orders are the responsibility of the recipient and are not included in the shipping or product price.
Arena Carbonite Swimsuit – Black / Blue
The Arena ladies Carbonite swimsuit is stylish and sophisticated. It has flattering side panels which take their inspiration from the Polcarbonite range and grey straps for added detail. It is lined and the light drop back has feminine straps whilst retaining that athletic look. It is manufactured from Max Life material for long lasting performance and comfort. It is chlorine and abrasion resistant and the 46% PBT / 54% polyester guarantees a suit which is soft to the tough and provides a perfect fit.
As with all Arena swimwear it has been designed to flatter and look smart around the pool either at home or away.
Orders are usually dispatched at the latest the next working day. For deliveries to a UK address we normally use Royal Mail Tracked 24 and Tracked 48. Special Delivery can also be selected at checkout for more urgent UK orders.
(For Royal Mail postcodes and exceptions please see https://www.royalmail.com/sending/uk/special-delivery-guaranteed-1pm)
Standard Delivery — £3.50
Next Working Day* — from £7.50
Next Working Day Saturday Delivery* — from £15.00 (please email for availability)
* Orders must be received by 12 noon Monday to Friday.
(For Royal Mail postcodes and exceptions please see https://www.royalmail.com/sending/uk/special-delivery-guaranteed-1pm)
Orders are usually dispatched at the latest the next working day. For international deliveries we use Royal Mail Air Mail. Air Mail can be one of either Tracked, Signed For or Tracked & Signed For. The delivery method selected is dictated by the options available in the delivery country. If you require an order urgently we can also use UPS or FedEx. If it is not available for your delivery country and you would like a quote please contact us at [email protected] and detail the items you require and the full delivery address including any zip codes.
World Zone 1 – International Air Mail Delivery
Delivery starts at £10 and is weight dependent. To get a delivery price just add the items you are wanting to your basket, go the the shopping basket page and select your delivery country.
Standard Air Mail does not have a guaranteed delivery date. If you require delivery by a specific date please contact Customer Service for a courier quote
Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Azores, Balearic Islands, Belgium, Bosnia Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canary Islands, Corsica, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Greenland, Hungary, Iceland, Irish Republic, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madeira, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vatican City State.
World Zone 2 – International Air Mail Delivery
Zone 2 is any country which is not part of the UK or listed on World Zone 1. Delivery starts at £15 and is weight dependent. To get a delivery price just add the items you are wanting to your basket, go the the shopping basket page and select your delivery country.
Standard Air Mail does not have a guaranteed delivery date. If you require delivery by a specific date please contact Customer Service for a courier quote
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in stock
6" Length Steel lampnipple- 1/4 IP - 1/2" O.D.
6" Length Steel lampnipples - 1/4 IP Steel lampnipples - 1/2" O.D. - Plated to Conform with U.L.Code
About Savta Lighting
Since 1957, our expert staff has been helping customers find and fit lamp parts for table lamps, floor lamps, ceiling fixtures, and many additional applications.
Whether you are looking for lamp parts to repair an existing lamp or to build a new lamp, we have both the lamp parts you need and the expertise to help you complete your project.
- Orders less than $50 are subject to a $5 minimum order fee.
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this is just to add a behavior that I haven't understud at first place.
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Use ob_get_clean if you do not want the buffer to be send to the user


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Have you lost or damaged your Locking Wheel Nut Key in Church Stretton. Our removal service is available 24-7
[contentblock id=1] Lost your Locking Wheel Nut Key? Broken the Key? Or never had the Key?
Locking Wheel Nut Removal Expert are equipped with professional and in-house designed specialist locking wheel nut removal equipment to remove Locking Wheel Nuts where the original removal key is lost or damaged.
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Hairdresser has locking wheel nut removal trouble in Church Stretton
A hairdresser on the way to the salon, phoned our call centre to explain that she had broken down with a punctured tyre and was stranded in a lay-by near Church Stretton. We asked her exact location and a locking wheel nut technician was dispatched and was with her within 60 minutes later. The locking wheel nut removal technician successfully removed all four nuts. "That's a superb service, although I have to see the funny side as my brother in law also had the same situation a several weeks ago. Thanks again". Locking Wheel Nut Removal Expert in Church Stretton are a phone call away from any locking wheel nut situation, day or night 24-7.
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Our call centre receives a lot of calls from new drivers who have recently passed their test, like a young lady who had just recently been added to her father's vehicle insurance policy. "It's only the fourth time I've driven the car I can't believe it's happened to me". The young lady was stranded at Church Stretton after running over some glass resulting in a flat tyre. On noticing what had happened she tried to remove the locking wheel nut and damaged it in the process. She called her father who searched online and found Locking Wheel Nut Removal Expert. After receiving his call we took down her location, and within 35 minutes one of our wheel nut technicians was onsite to complete the removal of the wheel nut. Locking Wheel Nut Removal Expert in Church Stretton specialise in all aspects of locking wheel nut removal whether the key has been lost or damaged.
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text: Welcome to Ethiopia! The riders awoke today in our third country of the tour, refreshed after enjoying showers courtesy of a local business establishment. This was a non-race day, so the riders (and especially the racers) were able to take the time to really enjoy and explore their first day here. The countryside is continually changing, as we passed from Sudanese desert into the rolling hills of Ethiopia. The locals are not quite as shy as those in Sudan, and children will come right up saying "You, you!" (oh, just you wait!! – TDA office) and want to touch us and the bikes. It was a long, hard 95 km in the heat and hills for most of the riders, but everyone reached our bush camp in good spirits despite being tired, and were able to take in the incredible scenery around us. Looking forward to our arrival in Gondar tomorrow, and the first of two rest days!


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Library Services for Homeschoolers
Homeschoolers are a uniquely resourceful, independent, and intense group of people! As homeschooling, the fastest growing form of education, increases 7-12% per year, public libraries need to be prepared to serve this population. I am currently a full-time graduate student at San Jose State University's School of Library and Information Science, months away from getting my Teacher Librarian credential and MLIS. In addition, I am a credentialed educator in the State of California and homeschool my three children. Over the past few years, I have done extensive reading regarding the homeschooling movement and library-homeschooler symbiotic relationships. I am quite passionate about the role of libraries in better serving the educational needs of homeschooling families with school-age children. I offer the following resources to help you with improving the public library as a learning center for local homeschoolers. I encourage you to study your homeschoolers to provide a deeper understanding of their impact on your library as well as essential feedback for making changes to library collections, policies, and programs. -- Janine Weston
Success Stories
Teen Publishing Project - An initiative of the Marathon County Public Library (MCPL), in which teens county-wide are invited to submit writing and artwork for online publication, librarian and peer awards, and the chance to be included in an annual printed magazine ("Pixel & Pages"). Community response to this project has been very positive and enthusiastic, particularly among home-schooled teens and their parents. Extra-curricular activities that offer community-wide recognition for student writing and artwork are especially rare for this demographic.
Excellent Websites/Initiatives for Homeschoolers
- National Center for Education Statistics
- Homeschool Legal Defense Association
- National Home Education Network
- National Home Education Research Institute
- Homeschool Creative Commons
Tips for Providing Quality Services to Homeschoolers
Top 10 Ways to Help Homeschoolers in the Library
Ten important things libraries can do to better serve homeschoolers from her PowerPoint presentation, Helping Homeschoolers in the Library, Adrienne Furness (2008):
1. Talk to homeschoolers who visit the library. Find out what the homeschoolers in the area are looking for. Remember, not all homeschoolers are the same.
2. Make sure people can find homeschooling materials—they can't check out what they can't find. Make a special section for homeschooling materials. Spine labels or pathfinders can make resources more visible.
3. Learn what homeschooling groups are active in the community, what their missions are, and who is running them. Tap into existing networks using word-of-mouth interaction. Remember that homeschoolers can be ultra-sensitive about privacy issues.
4. Allow and encourage homeschoolers to use library meeting room space. This gets the homeschoolers into your library and provides the opportunity to market library resources and services.
5. Display projects created by homeschooled children and teens.
6. Create handouts of the state laws and regulations pertaining to homeschoolers.
7. Maintain a file of catalogs from companies that sell materials and supplies of interest to homeschoolers. Items can be stored in boxes and either circulated or made available as reference materials.
8. Extend any privileges made for to public and private school teachers (extended loan, no overdue fines, increased limits, etc.) to homeschoolers. Homeschooling parents are teachers.
9. Consider the needs of homeschoolers when creating library policies such as meeting rooms, loan periods, item limits, interlibrary loan fees, overdue fines/maximum fines, and volunteer programs.
10. Attend local homeschooling conferences, lectures, and curriculum fairs. Talk to homeschoolers to find out what they are talking about. Look at potential acquisitions for your collection. Attend annual state homeschooling conference (p.93-95).
Blogs/Websites to Watch
- Homeschooling and Libraries Blog by Adrienne Furness
Specific Blog Posts/Articles to Check Out
Anderson, E. (1996).Homeschooling and libraries--An intimate view. Alki. 12, 22-3.
Brostrom, D.C. (1995). A guide to homeschooling for librarians. Fort Atkinson, WI: Highsmith Press.
Brostrom, D.C. (1997). No place like the library. School Library Journal. 3, 106-9.
Campbell, C.B. (2002). Shelby county public libraries and homeschooling parents. Alabama Librarian. 1, 11-12.
Furness, A. (2008). Helping homeschoolers in the library. Chicago, IL: American Library Association.
Furness, A. Helping homeschoolers in the library. [PowerPoint presentation]. http://homeschoolingandlibraries.files.wordpress.com/2007/10/helping-homeschoolers.ppt Retrieved February 13, 2009.
Gemmer, T. (1987). Homeschoolers and the public library. Alki. 12, 96-8.
Gemmer, T. (1991). The library response to homeschooling. Alki. 3, 20-3.
Isenberc, E.J. (2007). What have we learned about homeschooling? Peabody Journal of Education. 82 (2/3), 387-409.
Kaplan, P. (2001). Reaching out to homeschooling families: Services and programs. Illinois Libraries. 1, 44-6.
Kleist-Tesch, J.M. (1998). Homeschoolers and the public library. Journal of Youth Services in Libraries. 3, 231-41.
Klipsch, P.R. (1995). An educated collection for homeschoolers. Library Journal. 120(2), 47-50.
Lerch, M.T. & Welch, J. (2004). Serving homeschooled teens and their parents. Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited.
Madden, S.B. (1992). Learning at home: Public library service to homeschoolers. Alki. 3, 20-2.
McCarthy, A. & Andersen, D.L. (2006-2007). Homeschoolers at the public library: Are library services and policies keeping pace? JLAMS, 3(1), 5-44.
McLean, C. (2001). Outreach to homeschoolers. Alki,3,13.
Ray, B.D. (2004). Homeschoolers on to college: What research shows us. The Journal of College Admission, 184, 5-11.
Sheffer, S. (1995). A sense of self: Listening to homeschooled adolescent girls. Portsmouth, NH: Boynton/Cook Publishers, Inc.
Scheps, S.G. (1999). Homeschoolers in the library. School Library Journal. 2, 38-9.
Scheps, S.G. (1998). The librarian's guide to homeschooling resources. Chicago, IL: American Library Association.
Slattery, A. (2005). In a class of their own: as more families turn to homeschooling, public libraries can be an invaluable resource. School Library Journal. 8, 44-6.
Wichers, M. (2001). Homeschooling: Adventitious or detrimental for proficiency in higher education. Education. 122(1), 145-150.


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Thursday, August 8, 2013
The Church of Aimee Semple McFeiring
I don't know how to explain it. It's a miracle. I never expected anything like this to ever happen to me. I attended the revival meeting innocently enough. I simply wanted to witness this strange and burgeoning cult firsthand. Experience the hypnotic and numinous leader in the flesh, just one in the sea of her admiring acolytes. I didn't expect to be converted, to be healed of my many enological sins. But those hours in her company, listening to her speak, recognizing her inarguable spiritual truths, have brought me to the Light. Many have called her a charlatan, a nimble-tongued purveyor of half-truths, a self-proclaimed prophet of the pure, who preys upon the dimwitted dipsomaniacs and the mouth-breathing Millennials, whose calls to consume only the Natural, the Real, and the Authentic are clarion calls to the weak-minded and easily befuddled. I was one of those who berated her. No longer. I have seen miracles with my own two eyes. I have awakened as if from a long, sulfite-induced coma. I am newly baptized in the Natural Wine Church of Aimee Semple McFeiring. I've been reborn.
My epiphany began under a large tent on a warm summer's eve somewhere in the South of France. As I entered, the congregation was singing Natural Wine gospel songs. "Fight the Good Sulfite," "What a Friend We Have in Chauvet," and "For He's a Joly Good Fellow," were sung with heart and conviction. The tent was filled with love—love, and anticipation of Aimee Semple McFeiring's long-awaited entrance. I was welcomed with warmth and open arms, and a glass of natural wine that had a nose married perfectly with the overpowering aroma of the devoted deodorant-free throng. The worshippers grew quiet, the hymns stopped, the lights in the tent slowly dimmed to the oxidized color of a sulfite-free current release, and Aimee Semple McFeiring walked slowly onto the stage.
It was only then I noticed the people gathered at the very front of the crowd, just a few feet below Aimee Semple McFeiring, their eager and open faces turned to her brilliance. "Brothers and sisters," McFeiring exclaimed, "is there anyone here who wants to be cured tonight?" What happened next is almost too unbelievable to relate; and if I hadn't seen it myself, I wouldn't have believed it either. But as Steiner is my witness, every word I write is true.
Wine people with every kind of horrible affliction, those people in front who had seemed the most eager to see McFeiring, began to line up on the steps leading up to the stage where Aimee Semple McFeiring was bathed in that oxidized glow, a glow which seemed to radiate from her purely natural hair color. At first, the sight of all of these terribly deformed wine lovers was horrifying to behold. The first man in line was wearing a Hawaiian shirt with the Trader Joe's logo, and at the sight of him the congregation gasped and collectively turned their heads, a few attempting to muffle the sounds of gagging. There was a middle-aged, Humpty Dumpty-shaped woman wearing a shirt that had shiny beads spelling out the words "Got Wine?" I tried not to stare, but it was horrible to behold, and I was riveted to the sight, amazed at the woman's courage to appear in public looking that inhuman and disgusting. A man was holding up a copy of The Wine Advocate, dog-eared and covered in highlighter, and people left a wide swath around him as though he might give them a disfiguring communicable disease, something with scales, a deadly form of 100 Point psoriasis. There were no fewer than a hundred of these pathetic souls in line, and from their dishevelment and grotesque appearance, I knew many of them were winemakers.
"Do you believe, brother?" Aimee Semple McFeiring asked the poor, misguided soul in the Trader Joe's shirt (a woman next to me whispered to her friend, "He drinks Charles Shaw," whereupon her friend wet her pants in fear). "I believe! I believe!" he shouted. And with that his Hawaiian shirt vanished, simply vanished, I have no idea how but for the power of Aimee Semple McFeiring, and he donned the hair shirt of the true believers in the Natural Wine Church. (McFeiring told him it wasn't necessary to wear the hair shirt, but he replied, "It's cilice I can do.") Well, it's not really made of hair, I learned, but of old filter pads cast aside by reformed winemakers. The grotesque woman in the "Got Wine?" shirt crawled on her knees to Aimee Semple McFeiring. There were tears in her eyes as McFeiring placed her right hand on the top of the woman's head and shouted, "Be gone, Satan! Go back to Hell, Shanken! Leave this woman, Spawn of Heimoff!" The woman's eyes rolled up in her head, she dropped unconscious to the floor, the crowd inhaled deeply as one. Then she began to levitate. McFeiring's hand was still on her head, and it was as though she were lifting her with the strength of her will, with the power of her belief, with the pureness of her vision for the True Wine. And when the woman awoke, now alert and on her feet, her shirt now read "God Wine."
But the man with The Wine Advocate was a different problem for Aimee Semple McFeiring. He held the issue in front of him, arms fully extended, and it was clear that McFeiring was frightened. She hissed, a long, sibilant syllable that made the congregants gasp. "Be not frightened, brothers and sisters. There's no need to fear the forces of evil as represented by this steaming pile of lies." She approached the man. "Do you believe, brother?" she whispered, the crowd growing silent in witness to her passion. "I want to believe," the man replied, his arms beginning to tremble, "but I don't know that I can." "Put the ratings from Hell down!" Aimee Semple McFeiring commanded. The man's voice broke, tears streaming down his cheeks, "But how will I know what to drink? Without the Book of David, and the Book of Neal, and the Book of Lisa, I'll have nothing!" "You have nothing now," Aimee Semple McFeiring said, and with that The Wine Advocate burst into flame. The man screamed and cast it aside. His loneliness was palpable, the emptiness of his life flashed across his face. Aimee Semple McFeiring walked slowly to the man. She slipped one strap of her dress off of her shoulder, in the dim light of the tent her breast was exposed, and the man suckled at her breast. A woman behind me whispered, "He drinks Cornelissen Rosé from her teat, it's the greatest Natural Wine there is." After a few pulls, the man stood straight up, he seemed six inches taller, and he glowed! Light radiated from his every pore. The tent lights were dimmed, but you could have read "Naked Wine" by his Light. It was a miracle.
And that night I also saw the Light. There is no wine but Natural Wine. All the rest is lies. To let it pass your lips is a sin. But we're human, Aimee Semple McFeiring teaches us, and we sin. Chauvet died for our sins, so we will be forgiven. But we must strive to be without sin, to taste only what the Natural Wine Church of Aimee Semple McFeiring says is Authentic and Real and Natural, or we shall forever live in Ignorance and worship False Wines. I, for one, believe.
27 comments:
- Micah Nasarow said...
Bravo! (slow clap) Braaaavooo, my good sir.
I am assuming you are on your death bed, for this is your master piece. Your Magnum opus.
Bravo again to you good sir..for I shall never laugh at any other of your pieces again.
~Micah - August 8, 2013 at 8:38 AM
- The Sommeliere said...
Ron, where to start? "He's a Joly Good Fellow, Fight the Good Sulfight, Got Wine to God Wine?"
This is one of your best! I laughed out load and the poodle-doodles came running to see what was going on.
I wonder if some of your younger readers will get the allusion- Amy Semple McPherson was a real character in the early 20th century.
But Alice is an original, too. Anyone who has the cojones to take on Parker the way she did must have been told by her parents that she was smart and pretty when she was a child.
How do you come up with such great stuff? And, please keep doing what you do so well...! - August 8, 2013 at 9:43 AM
- PaulG said...
"Many have called her a charlatan, a nimble-tongued purveyor of half-truths..." and those are her friends! Happy to see, Señor Hose, that we are on the same side regarding this purveyor of self-serving b.s. Rock on.
- August 8, 2013 at 9:48 AM
- Thomas said...
Can't wait to read what the Disorderly crowd says about you, Ron.
Whatever they say, some great lines in this one. - August 8, 2013 at 9:50 AM
- Steve Lay said...
Was it a tent revival or a political tent meeting handing out EBT cards for 50% discounts on carbon free wine that will cure STD's if one would only eat of the apple?
Were they preaching to the converted or working on the heathen who smirk at slick willies. My Dad once told me about vile women and to not fall for slick talking women. - August 8, 2013 at 9:50 AM
- Charlie Olken said...
Nicely done. A couple of really good, laugh out loud lines, but the brilliance here is the depth, the reach of the humor, the fact that this piece wants 100% attention because it is more than a bunch of gag lines.
It may not rate high on the knee-slap scale, but it earns high hundreds of thousands on the intelligent, piercing wit scale. - August 8, 2013 at 10:18 AM
- Samantha Dugan said...
Wait, I'm befuddled. So we need a warm Summers Eve to rid ourselves of sulfites?
- August 8, 2013 at 10:29 AM
- Ron Washam, HMW said...
Hey Gang,
One day I was driving around wine country (I rarely play music or listen to the radio when I drive--I like the quiet) and the name, "Amy Semple McFeiring" suddenly appeared in my head. I have no idea where it came from. But it stuck with me for days, insisting I write this piece. And so I did.
I do try to vary tone and content on HoseMaster. Just for my own exercise and enjoyment. I think of this sort of piece as pure satire, not so much filled with one-liners as it's filled with dark tone and only partly unbelievable content. It's the tone, after all, that is the hardest to capture when I come up with an idea like this. But once I get it, it's off to the races.
Amy Semple McPherson was a famous faith healer of the early 20th Century in Los Angeles. Her revivals featured "blind" people regaining their vision, "crippled" people suddenly walking. She was the great scam artist and snake oil saleswoman of that era, a female Oral Roberts before there was Oral Roberts, and she had an enormous following. The comparison to Alice Feiring is completely unfair, in the way of satire, and yet it works. The magic of comedy.
- August 8, 2013 at 11:20 AM
- graz said...
I can only hope that you keep up the faith.
Without your sermons of the fount I would laugh a lot less. - August 8, 2013 at 11:27 AM
- Unknown said...
What happens if you drink McFeiring's Kool Aid?
A trick question you can't because it has artificial colors in it.
Oh Yeah!!!
- August 8, 2013 at 11:28 AM
- Ron Washam, HMW said...
Excellent! You get Common Tater of the week for that. So wonderfully stupid it made me laugh out loud. Blessings on you. - August 8, 2013 at 11:37 AM
- Unknown said...
Finally, Ron, you've created your own unique wine, one that no one could ever rate (at least less than infinity). Cornelissen Rosé: an iconic wine against which all imaginary wines should be judged in future. Brilliant!
- August 8, 2013 at 12:04 PM
- Alex Krause said...
Ron, your Hosemastery has given me hope where there was only despair for our industry, and levity.
Yea, though I walk through the valley of the chateau of Dourthe, I will fear no evil: for thou art with me thy rot and thy staphylococcus comfort me.
- August 8, 2013 at 12:25 PM
- Martin said...
Oh Ron, you legend, it'll be a long time before you top this effort (or maybe not!) How do you do it?!
Particularly loved 'a glass of natural wine that had a nose married perfectly with the overpowering aroma of the devoted deodorant-free throng'.
If I wasn't an atheist I'd be suggesting we all worship at the one true wine church of the blessed Ron H rather than Alice F or Robert J P jnr.
I don't know what you're taking to come up with this stuff but if it can be bottled I want some cause it surely isn't just wine!
Martin Moran MW - August 8, 2013 at 12:41 PM
- The Sommeliere said...
Martin, I cannot agree with you more!
- August 8, 2013 at 12:50 PM
- David Larsen said...
From the comments, it sounds like we have many budding Junior Hosemasters in the making
- August 8, 2013 at 4:57 PM
- Dean Tudor said...
You -- and your staff of writers -- continue to amaze me..LOL
- August 8, 2013 at 5:20 PM
- Ron Washam, HMW said...
Hey Gang,
Thank you for all the kind words.
Martin, I have no idea where my ideas come from, except to say that most of my life my brain has been trained to view life from a strange, and very skewed, perspective. It's how comedy writers work. Not every idea is great, not every piece works, not every joke is funny. And everyone disagrees which is which. But I find satisfaction in the work, and even more satisfaction that very few others even attempt it in the wine biz.
There's a peculiar notion I hear that the people I lampoon are people I admire or am jealous of. This is idiotic, and is espoused by morons. I don't have any kind of agenda. Or, rather, the agenda I have is, as I've said endlessly, the agenda of the Fool. Here, the Fool (in his HoseMaster garb) merely points out the blind belief of those who preach the wonders of natural wine, and biodynamics, and honest wines, and authentic wines. Theirs is the Right Way, the Way of the Light, theirs the Wines God Intended Us to Drink, Don't Question Their Quality. It's religion, it's faith, it's hooey. I don't have an argument with biodynamics or any other system of making wine. But I find the folks who preach it exclusively to be disingenuous, hypocritical and reliant on empty words and uncritical thinking. It's modern day faith healing.
I write four or five pieces ahead. I have that many pieces in the can, and decide the day before which piece I'll post. I thought, Molesworth followed by Feiring makes a nice contrast. I wrote this piece a month ago. I knew it would get a reaction like it's getting. It's a little rough, decidedly vicious. But I think it's got way more than enough truth in it. Far more than the natural wine movement. - August 8, 2013 at 5:53 PM
- Marcia Macomber said...
Leave it to Samantha to find the 'warm Summers Eve' bit to rid us of sulfites! Loved this piece! Nothing like a good dose of biting wit!
- August 9, 2013 at 9:38 AM
- Michael Donohue said...
6 inches taller??? Not me baby!
- August 9, 2013 at 9:48 AM
- Unknown said...
I really wanted it to say "devoted deodorant-free thong".....but throng works too.
- August 9, 2013 at 10:21 AM
- Eric Guido said...
Well done. This is my first visit to your site, and at first i thought you were serious. Then it just started to seem sick--and by the end, I was laughing out loud. Well done.
- August 10, 2013 at 10:31 AM
- Ron Washam, HMW said...
Thanks, and welcome to my wacky world. Hope you become a regular common tater. That goes for all the new taters this post attracted. Always fun to have some new spuds around.
This piece was definitely out there. But, too often these days, the cult of Natural Wine seems to have more in common with Scientology than love of wine. Join Us! We have the answers! Read my new book, BioDianetics! And the suckers fall for it.
- August 10, 2013 at 10:49 AM
- Unknown said...
Not a fantasy.
http://www.winemule.com/2011/07/susucaru-3-natural-with-vengeance.html?m=1 - August 12, 2013 at 6:01 AM
- Beau said...
Just read this one, and as someone still struggling to learn about winemaking and what's truth versus utter bullsh1t, it really resonated. Bravo, Hosemaster.
- August 13, 2013 at 10:14 PM
- Ron Washam, HMW said...
Hey Beau,
Thanks. There is endless baloney in the wine biz, much of it published here. There's always a lot of noise, always a "new" thing, always a hot new winery, a hot new variety. That's never changed, and never will. Make interesting wine, don't try to please anyone but yourself, and have fun--all the rest is just so much tired old manure. - August 14, 2013 at 9:00 AM
- Ron Washam, HMW said...
Hello Barb,
Thank you. You made my day. I'm glad you enjoy all my bombast and foolishness. It's always nice when one of the lurkers takes the time to comment. It was very kind of you. - August 18, 2013 at 6:00 PM