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FTP(1) NetBSD General Commands Manual FTP(1)Powered by man-cgi (2024-03-20). Maintained for NetBSD by Kimmo Suominen. Based on man-cgi by Panagiotis Christias.
ftp -- Internet file transfer program
ftp [-46AadefginpRtVv] [-N netrc] [-o output] [-P port] [-q quittime] [-r retry] [-s srcaddr] [-T dir,max[,inc]] [-x xferbufsize] [[user@]host [port]] [[user@]host:[path][/]] [file:///path] [ftp://[user[:password]@]host[:port]/path[/][;type=X]] [http://[user[:password]@]host[:port]/path] [...] ftp -u URL file [...]
ftp is the user interface to the Internet standard File Transfer Proto- col. The program allows a user to transfer files to and from a remote network site. The last five arguments will fetch a file using the FTP or HTTP proto- cols, or by direct copying, into the current directory. This is ideal for scripts. Refer to AUTO-FETCHING FILES below for more information. Options may be specified at the command line, or to the command inter- preter. -4 Forces ftp to only use IPv4 addresses. -6 Forces ftp to only use IPv6 addresses. -A Force active mode ftp. By default, ftp will try to use pas- sive mode ftp and fall back to active mode if passive is not supported by the server. This option causes ftp to always use an active connection. It is only useful for connecting to very old servers that do not implement passive mode prop- erly. -a Causes ftp to bypass normal login procedure, and use an anonymous login instead. -d Enables debugging. -e Disables command line editing. This is useful for Emacs ange-ftp mode. -f Forces a cache reload for transfers that go through the FTP or HTTP proxies. -g Disables file name globbing. -i Turns off interactive prompting during multiple file trans- fers. -N netrc Use netrc instead of ~/.netrc. Refer to THE .netrc FILE for more information. -n Restrains ftp from attempting ``auto-login'' upon initial connection for non auto-fetch transfers. If auto-login is enabled, ftp will check the .netrc (see below) file in the user's home directory for an entry describing an account on the remote machine. If no entry exists, ftp will prompt for the remote machine login name (default is the user identity on the local machine), and, if necessary, prompt for a pass- word and an account with which to login. To override the auto-login for auto-fetch transfers, specify the username (and optionally, password) as appropriate. -o output When auto-fetching files, save the contents in output. output is parsed according to the FILE NAMING CONVENTIONS below. If output is not `-' or doesn't start with `|', then only the first file specified will be retrieved into output; all other files will be retrieved into the basename of their remote name. -P port Sets the port number to port. -p Enable passive mode operation for use behind connection fil- tering firewalls. This option has been deprecated as ftp now tries to use passive mode by default, falling back to active mode if the server does not support passive connections. -q quittime Quit if the connection has stalled for quittime seconds. -R Restart all non-proxied auto-fetches. -r wait Retry the connection attempt if it failed, pausing for wait seconds. -s srcaddr Uses srcaddr as the local IP address for all connections. -t Enables packet tracing. -T direction,maximum[,increment] Set the maximum transfer rate for direction to maximum bytes/second, and if specified, the increment to increment bytes/second. Refer to rate for more information. -u URL file [...] Upload files on the command line to URL where URL is one of the ftp URL types as supported by auto-fetch (with an optional target filename for single file uploads), and file is one or more local files to be uploaded. -V Disable verbose and progress, overriding the default of enabled when output is to a terminal. -v Enable verbose and progress. This is the default if output is to a terminal (and in the case of progress, ftp is the foreground process). Forces ftp to show all responses from the remote server, as well as report on data transfer statis- tics. -x xferbufsize Set the size of the socket send and receive buffers to xferbufsize. Refer to xferbuf for more information. The client host with which ftp is to communicate may be specified on the command line. If this is done, ftp will immediately attempt to establish a connection to an FTP server on that host; otherwise, ftp will enter its command interpreter and await instructions from the user. When ftp is awaiting commands from the user the prompt `ftp>' is provided to the user. The following commands are recognized by ftp: ! [command [args]] Invoke an interactive shell on the local machine. If there are arguments, the first is taken to be a command to execute directly, with the rest of the arguments as its arguments. $ macro-name [args] Execute the macro macro-name that was defined with the macdef command. Arguments are passed to the macro unglobbed. account [passwd] Supply a supplemental password required by a remote system for access to resources once a login has been successfully completed. If no argument is included, the user will be prompted for an account password in a non-echoing input mode. append local-file [remote-file] Append a local file to a file on the remote machine. If remote-file is left unspecified, the local file name is used in naming the remote file after being altered by any ntrans or nmap setting. File transfer uses the current settings for type, format, mode, and structure. ascii Set the file transfer type to network ASCII. This is the default type. bell Arrange that a bell be sounded after each file transfer com- mand is completed. binary Set the file transfer type to support binary image transfer. bye Terminate the FTP session with the remote server and exit ftp. An end of file will also terminate the session and exit. case Toggle remote computer file name case mapping during get, mget and mput commands. When case is on (default is off), remote computer file names with all letters in upper case are written in the local directory with the letters mapped to lower case. cd remote-directory Change the working directory on the remote machine to remote-directory. cdup Change the remote machine working directory to the parent of the current remote machine working directory. chmod mode remote-file Change the permission modes of the file remote-file on the remote system to mode. close Terminate the FTP session with the remote server, and return to the command interpreter. Any defined macros are erased. cr Toggle carriage return stripping during ascii type file retrieval. Records are denoted by a carriage return/linefeed sequence during ascii type file transfer. When cr is on (the default), carriage returns are stripped from this sequence to conform with the UNIX single linefeed record delimiter. Records on non-UNIX remote systems may contain single line- feeds; when an ascii type transfer is made, these linefeeds may be distinguished from a record delimiter only when cr is off. delete remote-file Delete the file remote-file on the remote machine. dir [remote-path [local-file]] Print a listing of the contents of a directory on the remote machine. The listing includes any system-dependent informa- tion that the server chooses to include; for example, most UNIX systems will produce output from the command `ls -l'. If remote-path is left unspecified, the current working directory is used. If interactive prompting is on, ftp will prompt the user to verify that the last argument is indeed the target local file for receiving dir output. If no local file is specified, or if local-file is `-', the output is sent to the terminal. disconnect A synonym for close. edit Toggle command line editing, and context sensitive command and file completion. This is automatically enabled if input is from a terminal, and disabled otherwise. epsv epsv4 epsv6 Toggle the use of the extended EPSV and EPRT commands on all IP, IPv4, and IPv6 connections respectively. First try EPSV / EPRT, and then PASV / PORT. This is enabled by default. If an extended command fails then this option will be tempo- rarily disabled for the duration of the current connection, or until epsv, epsv4, or epsv6 is executed again. exit A synonym for bye. features Display what features the remote server supports (using the FEAT command). fget localfile Retrieve the files listed in localfile, which has one line per filename. form format Set the file transfer form to format. The default (and only supported) format is ``non-print''. ftp host [port] A synonym for open. ftp_debug [ftp_debug-value] Toggle debugging mode. If an optional ftp_debug-value is specified it is used to set the debugging level. When debug- ging is on, ftp prints each command sent to the remote machine, preceded by the string `-->'. gate [host [port]] Toggle gate-ftp mode, which used to connect through the TIS FWTK and Gauntlet ftp proxies. This will not be permitted if the gate-ftp server hasn't been set (either explicitly by the user, or from the FTPSERVER environment variable). If host is given, then gate-ftp mode will be enabled, and the gate- ftp server will be set to host. If port is also given, that will be used as the port to connect to on the gate-ftp server. get remote-file [local-file] Retrieve the remote-file and store it on the local machine. If the local file name is not specified, it is given the same name it has on the remote machine, subject to alteration by the current case, ntrans, and nmap settings. The current settings for type, form, mode, and structure are used while transferring the file. glob Toggle filename expansion for mdelete, mget, mput, and mreget. If globbing is turned off with glob, the file name arguments are taken literally and not expanded. Globbing for mput is done as in csh(1). For mdelete, mget, and mreget, each remote file name is expanded separately on the remote machine and the lists are not merged. Expansion of a direc- tory name is likely to be different from expansion of the name of an ordinary file: the exact result depends on the foreign operating system and ftp server, and can be previewed by doing `mls remote-files -' Note: mget, mput and mreget are not meant to transfer entire directory subtrees of files. That can be done by transferring a tar(1) archive of the sub- tree (in binary mode). hash [size] Toggle hash-sign (`#') printing for each data block trans- ferred. The size of a data block defaults to 1024 bytes. This can be changed by specifying size in bytes. Enabling hash disables progress. help [command] Print an informative message about the meaning of command. If no argument is given, ftp prints a list of the known com- mands. idle [seconds] Set the inactivity timer on the remote server to seconds sec- onds. If seconds is omitted, the current inactivity timer is printed. image A synonym for binary. lcd [directory] Change the working directory on the local machine. If no directory is specified, the user's home directory is used. less file A synonym for page. lpage local-file Display local-file with the program specified by the set pager option. lpwd Print the working directory on the local machine. ls [remote-path [local-file]] A synonym for dir. macdef macro-name Define a macro. Subsequent lines are stored as the macro macro-name; a null line (consecutive newline characters in a file or carriage returns from the terminal) terminates macro input mode. There is a limit of 16 macros and 4096 total characters in all defined macros. Macro names can be a maxi- mum of 8 characters. Macros are only applicable to the cur- rent session they are defined within (or if defined outside a session, to the session invoked with the next open command), and remain defined until a close command is executed. To invoke a macro, use the $ command (see above). The macro processor interprets `$' and `\' as special charac- ters. A `$' followed by a number (or numbers) is replaced by the corresponding argument on the macro invocation command line. A `$' followed by an `i' signals the macro processor that the executing macro is to be looped. On the first pass ``$i'' is replaced by the first argument on the macro invoca- tion command line, on the second pass it is replaced by the second argument, and so on. A `\' followed by any character is replaced by that character. Use the `\' to prevent spe- cial treatment of the `$'. mdelete [remote-files] Delete the remote-files on the remote machine. mdir remote-files local-file Like dir, except multiple remote files may be specified. If interactive prompting is on, ftp will prompt the user to ver- ify that the last argument is indeed the target local file for receiving mdir output. mget remote-files Expand the remote-files on the remote machine and do a get for each file name thus produced. See glob for details on the filename expansion. Resulting file names will then be processed according to case, ntrans, and nmap settings. Files are transferred into the local working directory, which can be changed with `lcd directory'; new local directories can be created with `! mkdir directory'. mkdir directory-name Make a directory on the remote machine. mls remote-files local-file Like ls, except multiple remote files may be specified, and the local-file must be specified. If interactive prompting is on, ftp will prompt the user to verify that the last argu- ment is indeed the target local file for receiving mls out- put. mlsd [remote-path] Display the contents of remote-path (which should default to the current directory if not given) in a machine-parsable form, using MLSD. The format of display can be changed with `remopts mlst ...'. mlst [remote-path] Display the details about remote-path (which should default to the current directory if not given) in a machine-parsable form, using MLST. The format of display can be changed with `remopts mlst ...'. mode mode-name Set the file transfer mode to mode-name. The default (and only supported) mode is ``stream''. modtime remote-file Show the last modification time of the file on the remote machine, in RFC 2822 format. more file A synonym for page. mput local-files Expand wild cards in the list of local files given as argu- ments and do a put for each file in the resulting list. See glob for details of filename expansion. Resulting file names will then be processed according to ntrans and nmap settings. mreget remote-files As per mget, but performs a reget instead of get. msend local-files A synonym for mput. newer remote-file [local-file] Get the file only if the modification time of the remote file is more recent that the file on the current system. If the file does not exist on the current system, the remote file is considered newer. Otherwise, this command is identical to get. nlist [remote-path [local-file]] A synonym for ls. nmap [inpattern outpattern] Set or unset the filename mapping mechanism. If no arguments are specified, the filename mapping mechanism is unset. If arguments are specified, remote filenames are mapped during mput commands and put commands issued without a specified remote target filename. If arguments are specified, local filenames are mapped during mget commands and get commands issued without a specified local target filename. This com- mand is useful when connecting to a non-UNIX remote computer with different file naming conventions or practices. The mapping follows the pattern set by inpattern and outpattern. [Inpattern] is a template for incoming filenames (which may have already been processed according to the ntrans and case settings). Variable templating is accomplished by including the sequences ``$1'', ``$2'', ... ``$9'' in inpattern. Use `\' to prevent this special treatment of the `$' character. All other characters are treated literally, and are used to determine the nmap [inpattern] variable values. For example, given inpattern $1.$2 and the remote file name "mydata.data", $1 would have the value "mydata", and $2 would have the value "data". The outpattern determines the resulting mapped file- name. The sequences ``$1'', ``$2'', ... ``$9'' are replaced by any value resulting from the inpattern template. The sequence ``$0'' is replaced by the original filename. Addi- tionally, the sequence ``[seq1, seq2]'' is replaced by [seq1] if seq1 is not a null string; otherwise it is replaced by seq2. For example, the command nmap $1.$2.$3 [$1,$2].[$2,file] would yield the output filename "myfile.data" for input file- names "myfile.data" and "myfile.data.old", "myfile.file" for the input filename "myfile", and "myfile.myfile" for the input filename ".myfile". Spaces may be included in outpattern, as in the example: nmap $1 sed s/ *$// > $1 Use the `\' character to prevent special treatment of the `$', `[', `]', and `,' characters. ntrans [inchars [outchars]] Set or unset the filename character translation mechanism. If no arguments are specified, the filename character trans- lation mechanism is unset. If arguments are specified, char- acters in remote filenames are translated during mput com- mands and put commands issued without a specified remote tar- get filename. If arguments are specified, characters in local filenames are translated during mget commands and get commands issued without a specified local target filename. This command is useful when connecting to a non-UNIX remote computer with different file naming conventions or practices. Characters in a filename matching a character in inchars are replaced with the corresponding character in outchars. If the character's position in inchars is longer than the length of outchars, the character is deleted from the file name. open host [port] Establish a connection to the specified host FTP server. An optional port number may be supplied, in which case, ftp will attempt to contact an FTP server at that port. If the set auto-login option is on (default), ftp will also attempt to automatically log the user in to the FTP server (see below). page file Retrieve file and display with the program specified by the set pager option. passive [auto] Toggle passive mode (if no arguments are given). If auto is given, act as if FTPMODE is set to `auto'. If passive mode is turned on (default), ftp will send a PASV command for all data connections instead of a PORT command. The PASV command requests that the remote server open a port for the data con- nection and return the address of that port. The remote server listens on that port and the client connects to it. When using the more traditional PORT command, the client lis- tens on a port and sends that address to the remote server, who connects back to it. Passive mode is useful when using ftp through a gateway router or host that controls the direc- tionality of traffic. (Note that though FTP servers are required to support the PASV command by RFC 1123, some do not.) pdir [remote-path] Perform dir [remote-path], and display the result with the program specified by the set pager option. pls [remote-path] Perform ls [remote-path], and display the result with the program specified by the set pager option. pmlsd [remote-path] Perform mlsd [remote-path], and display the result with the program specified by the set pager option. preserve Toggle preservation of modification times on retrieved files. progress Toggle display of transfer progress bar. The progress bar will be disabled for a transfer that has local-file as `-' or a command that starts with `|'. Refer to FILE NAMING CONVENTIONS for more information. Enabling progress disables hash. prompt Toggle interactive prompting. Interactive prompting occurs during multiple file transfers to allow the user to selec- tively retrieve or store files. If prompting is turned off (default is on), any mget or mput will transfer all files, and any mdelete will delete all files. When prompting is on, the following commands are available at a prompt: a Answer `yes' to the current file, and automatically answer `yes' to any remaining files for the current command. n Answer `no', and do not transfer the file. p Answer `yes' to the current file, and turn off prompt mode (as is ``prompt off'' had been given). q Terminate the current operation. y Answer `yes', and transfer the file. ? Display a help message. Any other response will answer `yes' to the current file. proxy ftp-command Execute an ftp command on a secondary control connection. This command allows simultaneous connection to two remote FTP servers for transferring files between the two servers. The first proxy command should be an open, to establish the sec- ondary control connection. Enter the command "proxy ?" to see other FTP commands executable on the secondary connec- tion. The following commands behave differently when pref- aced by proxy: open will not define new macros during the auto-login process, close will not erase existing macro defi- nitions, get and mget transfer files from the host on the primary control connection to the host on the secondary con- trol connection, and put, mput, and append transfer files from the host on the secondary control connection to the host on the primary control connection. Third party file trans- fers depend upon support of the FTP protocol PASV command by the server on the secondary control connection. put local-file [remote-file] Store a local file on the remote machine. If remote-file is left unspecified, the local file name is used after process- ing according to any ntrans or nmap settings in naming the remote file. File transfer uses the current settings for type, format, mode, and structure. pwd Print the name of the current working directory on the remote machine. quit A synonym for bye. quote arg1 arg2 ... The arguments specified are sent, verbatim, to the remote FTP server. rate direction [maximum [increment]] Throttle the maximum transfer rate to maximum bytes/second. If maximum is 0, disable the throttle. direction may be one of: all Both directions. get Incoming transfers. put Outgoing transfers. maximum can be modified on the fly by increment bytes (default: 1024) each time a given signal is received: SIGUSR1 Increment maximum by increment bytes. SIGUSR2 Decrement maximum by increment bytes. The result must be a positive number. If maximum is not supplied, the current throttle rates are displayed. Note: rate is not yet implemented for ascii mode transfers. rcvbuf size Set the size of the socket receive buffer to size. recv remote-file [local-file] A synonym for get. reget remote-file [local-file] reget acts like get, except that if local-file exists and is smaller than remote-file, local-file is presumed to be a par- tially transferred copy of remote-file and the transfer is continued from the apparent point of failure. This command is useful when transferring very large files over networks that are prone to dropping connections. remopts command [command-options] Set options on the remote FTP server for command to command-options (whose absence is handled on a command-spe- cific basis). Remote FTP commands known to support options include: `MLST' (used for MLSD and MLST). rename [from [to]] Rename the file from on the remote machine, to the file to. reset Clear reply queue. This command re-synchronizes com- mand/reply sequencing with the remote FTP server. Resynchro- nization may be necessary following a violation of the FTP protocol by the remote server. restart marker Restart the immediately following get or put at the indicated marker. On UNIX systems, marker is usually a byte offset into the file. rhelp [command-name] Request help from the remote FTP server. If a command-name is specified it is supplied to the server as well. rmdir directory-name Delete a directory on the remote machine. rstatus [remote-file] With no arguments, show status of remote machine. If remote-file is specified, show status of remote-file on remote machine. runique Toggle storing of files on the local system with unique file- names. If a file already exists with a name equal to the target local filename for a get or mget command, a ".1" is appended to the name. If the resulting name matches another existing file, a ".2" is appended to the original name. If this process continues up to ".99", an error message is printed, and the transfer does not take place. The generated unique filename will be reported. Note that runique will not affect local files generated from a shell command (see below). The default value is off. send local-file [remote-file] A synonym for put. sendport Toggle the use of PORT commands. By default, ftp will attempt to use a PORT command when establishing a connection for each data transfer. The use of PORT commands can prevent delays when performing multiple file transfers. If the PORT command fails, ftp will use the default data port. When the use of PORT commands is disabled, no attempt will be made to use PORT commands for each data transfer. This is useful for certain FTP implementations which do ignore PORT commands but, incorrectly, indicate they've been accepted. set [option value] Set option to value. If option and value are not given, dis- play all of the options and their values. The currently sup- ported options are: anonpass Defaults to $FTPANONPASS ftp_proxy Defaults to $ftp_proxy. http_proxy Defaults to $http_proxy. https_proxy Defaults to $https_proxy. no_proxy Defaults to $no_proxy. pager Defaults to $PAGER. prompt Defaults to $FTPPROMPT. rprompt Defaults to $FTPRPROMPT. site arg1 arg2 ... The arguments specified are sent, verbatim, to the remote FTP server as a SITE command. size remote-file Return size of remote-file on remote machine. sndbuf size Set the size of the socket send buffer to size. status Show the current status of ftp. struct struct-name Set the file transfer structure to struct-name. The default (and only supported) structure is ``file''. sunique Toggle storing of files on remote machine under unique file names. The remote FTP server must support FTP protocol STOU command for successful completion. The remote server will report unique name. Default value is off. system Show the type of operating system running on the remote machine. tenex Set the file transfer type to that needed to talk to TENEX machines. throttle A synonym for rate. trace Toggle packet tracing. type [type-name] Set the file transfer type to type-name. If no type is spec- ified, the current type is printed. The default type is net- work ASCII. umask [newmask] Set the default umask on the remote server to newmask. If newmask is omitted, the current umask is printed. unset option Unset option. Refer to set for more information. usage command Print the usage message for command. user user-name [password [account]] Identify yourself to the remote FTP server. If the password is not specified and the server requires it, ftp will prompt the user for it (after disabling local echo). If an account field is not specified, and the FTP server requires it, the user will be prompted for it. If an account field is speci- fied, an account command will be relayed to the remote server after the login sequence is completed if the remote server did not require it for logging in. Unless ftp is invoked with ``auto-login'' disabled, this process is done automati- cally on initial connection to the FTP server. verbose Toggle verbose mode. In verbose mode, all responses from the FTP server are displayed to the user. In addition, if ver- bose is on, when a file transfer completes, statistics regarding the efficiency of the transfer are reported. By default, verbose is on. xferbuf size Set the size of the socket send and receive buffers to size. ? [command] A synonym for help. Command arguments which have embedded spaces may be quoted with quote `"' marks. Commands which toggle settings can take an explicit on or off argument to force the setting appropriately. Commands which take a byte count as an argument (e.g., hash, rate, and xferbuf) support an optional suffix on the argument which changes the interpretation of the argument. Supported suffixes are: b Causes no modification. (Optional) k Kilo; multiply the argument by 1024 m Mega; multiply the argument by 1048576 g Giga; multiply the argument by 1073741824 If ftp receives a SIGINFO (see the ``status'' argument of stty(1)) or SIGQUIT signal whilst a transfer is in progress, the current transfer rate statistics will be written to the standard error output, in the same format as the standard completion message.
In addition to standard commands, this version of ftp supports an auto- fetch feature. To enable auto-fetch, simply pass the list of host- names/files on the command line. The following formats are valid syntax for an auto-fetch element: [user@]host:[path][/] ``Classic'' FTP format. If path contains a glob character and globbing is enabled, (see glob), then the equivalent of `mget path' is performed. If the directory component of path contains no globbing characters, it is stored locally with the name basename (see basename(1)) of path, in the current directory. Otherwise, the full remote name is used as the local name, relative to the local root directory. ftp://[user[:password]@]host[:port]/path[/][;type=X] An FTP URL, retrieved using the FTP protocol if set ftp_proxy isn't defined. Otherwise, transfer the URL using HTTP via the proxy defined in set ftp_proxy. If set ftp_proxy isn't defined and user is given, login as user. In this case, use password if supplied, otherwise prompt the user for one. If a suffix of `;type=A' or `;type=I' is supplied, then the trans- fer type will take place as ascii or binary (respectively). The default transfer type is binary. In order to be compliant with RFC 3986, ftp interprets the path part of an ``ftp://'' auto-fetch URL as follows: · The `/' immediately after the host[:port] is interpreted as a separator before the path, and not as part of the path itself. · The path is interpreted as a `/'-separated list of name compo- nents. For all but the last such component, ftp performs the equivalent of a cd command. For the last path component, ftp performs the equivalent of a get command. · Empty name components, which result from `//' within the path, or from an extra `/' at the beginning of the path, will cause the equivalent of a cd command without a directory name. This is unlikely to be useful. · Any `%XX' codes (per RFC 3986) within the path components are decoded, with XX representing a character code in hexadecimal. This decoding takes place after the path has been split into components, but before each component is used in the equivalent of a cd or get command. Some often-used codes are `%2F' (which represents `/') and `%7E' (which represents `~'). The above interpretation has the following consequences: · The path is interpreted relative to the default login directory of the specified user or of the `anonymous' user. If the / directory is required, use a leading path of ``%2F''. If a user's home directory is required (and the remote server sup- ports the syntax), use a leading path of ``%7Euser/''. For example, to retrieve /etc/motd from `localhost' as the user `myname' with the password `mypass', use ``ftp://myname:mypass@localhost/%2fetc/motd'' · The exact cd and get commands can be controlled by careful choice of where to use `/' and where to use `%2F' (or `%2f'). For example, the following URLs correspond to the equivalents of the indicated commands: ftp://host/dir1/dir2/file ``cd dir1'', ``cd dir2'', ``get file''. ftp://host/%2Fdir1/dir2/file ``cd /dir1'', ``cd dir2'', ``get file''. ftp://host/dir1%2Fdir2/file ``cd dir1/dir2'', ``get file''. ftp://host/%2Fdir1%2Fdir2/file ``cd /dir1/dir2'', ``get file''. ftp://host/dir1%2Fdir2%2Ffile ``get dir1/dir2/file''. ftp://host/%2Fdir1%2Fdir2%2Ffile ``get /dir1/dir2/file''. · You must have appropriate access permission for each of the intermediate directories that is used in the equivalent of a cd command. http://[user[:password]@]host[:port]/path An HTTP URL, retrieved using the HTTP protocol. If set http_proxy is defined, it is used as a URL to an HTTP proxy server. If HTTP authorization is required to retrieve path, and `user' (and option- ally `password') is in the URL, use them for the first attempt to authenticate. https://[user[:password]@]host[:port]/path An HTTPS URL, retrieved using the HTTPS protocol. If set https_proxy is defined, it is used as a URL to an HTTPS proxy server. If HTTPS authorization is required to retrieve path, and `user' (and optionally `password') is in the URL, use them for the first attempt to authenticate. There is currently no certificate validation and verification. file:///path A local URL, copied from /path on the local host. about:topic Display information regarding topic; no file is retrieved for this auto-fetched element. Supported values include: about:ftp Information about ftp. about:version The version of ftp. Useful to provide when report- ing problems. Unless noted otherwise above, and -o output is not given, the file is stored in the current directory as the basename(1) of path. Note that if a HTTP redirect is received, the fetch is retried using the new target URL supplied by the server, with a corresponding new path. Using an explicit -o output is recommended, to avoid writing to unexpected file names. If a classic format or an FTP URL format has a trailing `/' or an empty path component, then ftp will connect to the site and cd to the directory given as the path, and leave the user in interactive mode ready for fur- ther input. This will not work if set ftp_proxy is being used. Direct HTTP transfers use HTTP 1.1. Proxied FTP and HTTP transfers use HTTP 1.0. If -R is given, all auto-fetches that don't go via the FTP or HTTP prox- ies will be restarted. For FTP, this is implemented by using reget instead of get. For HTTP, this is implemented by using the `Range: bytes=' HTTP/1.1 directive. If WWW or proxy WWW authentication is required, you will be prompted to enter a username and password to authenticate with. When specifying IPv6 numeric addresses in a URL, you need to surround the address in square brackets. E.g.: ``ftp://[::1]:21/''. This is because colons are used in IPv6 numeric address as well as being the separator for the port number.
To abort a file transfer, use the terminal interrupt key (usually Ctrl- C). Sending transfers will be immediately halted. Receiving transfers will be halted by sending an FTP protocol ABOR command to the remote server, and discarding any further data received. The speed at which this is accomplished depends upon the remote server's support for ABOR processing. If the remote server does not support the ABOR command, the prompt will not appear until the remote server has completed sending the requested file. If the terminal interrupt key sequence is used whilst ftp is awaiting a reply from the remote server for the ABOR processing, then the connection will be closed. This is different from the traditional behaviour (which ignores the terminal interrupt during this phase), but is considered more useful.
Files specified as arguments to ftp commands are processed according to the following rules. 1. If the file name `-' is specified, the stdin (for reading) or stdout (for writing) is used. 2. If the first character of the file name is `|', the remainder of the argument is interpreted as a shell command. ftp then forks a shell, using popen(3) with the argument supplied, and reads (writes) from the stdout (stdin). If the shell command includes spaces, the argu- ment must be quoted; e.g. ``"| ls -lt"''. A particularly useful example of this mechanism is: ``dir "" |more''. 3. Failing the above checks, if ``globbing'' is enabled, local file names are expanded according to the rules used in the csh(1); see the glob command. If the ftp command expects a single local file (e.g. put), only the first filename generated by the "globbing" operation is used. 4. For mget commands and get commands with unspecified local file names, the local filename is the remote filename, which may be altered by a case, ntrans, or nmap setting. The resulting filename may then be altered if runique is on. 5. For mput commands and put commands with unspecified remote file names, the remote filename is the local filename, which may be altered by a ntrans or nmap setting. The resulting filename may then be altered by the remote server if sunique is on.
The FTP specification specifies many parameters which may affect a file transfer. The type may be one of ``ascii'', ``image'' (binary), ``ebcdic'', and ``local byte size'' (for PDP-10's and PDP-20's mostly). ftp supports the ascii and image types of file transfer, plus local byte size 8 for tenex mode transfers. ftp supports only the default values for the remaining file transfer parameters: mode, form, and struct. THE .netrc FILE The .netrc file contains login and initialization information used by the auto-login process. It resides in the user's home directory, unless overridden with the -N netrc option, or specified in the NETRC environ- ment variable. The following tokens are recognized; they may be sepa- rated by spaces, tabs, or new-lines: machine name Identify a remote machine name. The auto-login process searches the .netrc file for a machine token that matches the remote machine specified on the ftp command line or as an open command argument. Once a match is made, the subsequent .netrc tokens are processed, stopping when the end of file is reached or another machine or a default token is encountered. default This is the same as machine name except that default matches any name. There can be only one default token, and it must be after all machine tokens. This is normally used as: default login anonymous password user@site thereby giving the user an automatic anonymous FTP login to machines not specified in .netrc. This can be overridden by using the -n flag to disable auto-login. login name Identify a user on the remote machine. If this token is present, the auto-login process will initiate a login using the specified name. password string Supply a password. If this token is present, the auto-login process will supply the specified string if the remote server requires a password as part of the login process. Note that if this token is present in the .netrc file for any user other than anonymous, ftp will abort the auto-login process if the .netrc is readable by anyone besides the user. account string Supply an additional account password. If this token is present, the auto-login process will supply the specified string if the remote server requires an additional account password, or the auto-login process will initiate an ACCT com- mand if it does not. macdef name Define a macro. This token functions like the ftp macdef com- mand functions. A macro is defined with the specified name; its contents begin with the next .netrc line and continue until a blank line (consecutive new-line characters) is encountered. Like the other tokens in the .netrc file, a macdef is applica- ble only to the machine definition preceding it. A macdef entry cannot be used by multiple machine definitions; rather, it must be defined following each machine it is intended to be used with. If a macro named init is defined, it is automati- cally executed as the last step in the auto-login process. For example, default macdef init epsv4 off followed by a blank line.
ftp supports interactive command line editing, via the editline(3) library. It is enabled with the edit command, and is enabled by default if input is from a tty. Previous lines can be recalled and edited with the arrow keys, and other GNU Emacs-style editing keys may be used as well. The editline(3) library is configured with a .editrc file - refer to editrc(5) for more information. An extra key binding is available to ftp to provide context sensitive command and filename completion (including remote file completion). To use this, bind a key to the editline(3) command ftp-complete. By default, this is bound to the TAB key.
By default, ftp displays a command line prompt of ``ftp> '' to the user. This can be changed with the set prompt command. A prompt can be displayed on the right side of the screen (after the com- mand input) with the set rprompt command. The following formatting sequences are replaced by the given information: %/ The current remote working directory. %c[[0]n],%.[[0]n] The trailing component of the current remote working direc- tory, or n trailing components if a digit n is given. If n begins with `0', the number of skipped components precede the trailing component(s) in the format ``/<number>trailing'' (for `%c') or ``...trailing'' (for `%.'). %M The remote host name. %m The remote host name, up to the first `.'. %n The remote user name. %% A single `%'.
ftp uses the following environment variables. FTPANONPASS Password to send in an anonymous FTP transfer. Defaults to ```whoami`@''. FTPMODE Overrides the default operation mode. Support values are: active active mode FTP only auto automatic determination of passive or active (this is the default) gate gate-ftp mode passive passive mode FTP only FTPPROMPT Command-line prompt to use. Defaults to ``ftp> ''. Refer to COMMAND LINE PROMPT for more information. FTPRPROMPT Command-line right side prompt to use. Defaults to ``''. Refer to COMMAND LINE PROMPT for more information. FTPSERVER Host to use as gate-ftp server when gate is enabled. FTPSERVERPORT Port to use when connecting to gate-ftp server when gate is enabled. Default is port returned by a getservbyname() lookup of ``ftpgate/tcp''. FTPUSERAGENT The value to send for the HTTP User-Agent header. HOME For default location of a .netrc file, if one exists. NETRC An alternate location of the .netrc file. PAGER Used by various commands to display files. Defaults to more(1) if empty or not set. SHELL For default shell. ftp_proxy URL of FTP proxy to use when making FTP URL requests (if not defined, use the standard FTP protocol). See http_proxy for further notes about proxy use. http_proxy URL of HTTP proxy to use when making HTTP URL requests. If proxy authentication is required and there is a user- name and password in this URL, they will automatically be used in the first attempt to authenticate to the proxy. If ``unsafe'' URL characters are required in the username or password (for example `@' or `/'), encode them with RFC 3986 `%XX' encoding. Note that the use of a username and password in ftp_proxy and http_proxy may be incompatible with other programs that use it (such as lynx(1)). NOTE: this is not used for interactive sessions, only for command-line fetches. no_proxy A space or comma separated list of hosts (or domains) for which proxying is not to be used. Each entry may have an optional trailing ":port", which restricts the matching to connections to that port.
Some firewall configurations do not allow ftp to use extended passive mode. If you find that even a simple ls appears to hang after printing a message such as this: 229 Entering Extended Passive Mode (|||58551|) then you will need to disable extended passive mode with epsv4 off. See the above section The .netrc File for an example of how to make this automatic.
getservbyname(3), editrc(5), services(5), ftpd(8)
ftp attempts to be compliant with: RFC 959 File Transfer Protocol RFC 1123 Requirements for Internet Hosts - Application and Support RFC 1635 How to Use Anonymous FTP RFC 2389 Feature negotiation mechanism for the File Transfer Protocol RFC 2428 FTP Extensions for IPv6 and NATs RFC 2616 Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1 RFC 2822 Internet Message Format RFC 3659 Extensions to FTP RFC 3986 Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)
The ftp command appeared in 4.2BSD. Various features such as command line editing, context sensitive command and file completion, dynamic progress bar, automatic fetching of files and URLs, modification time preservation, transfer rate throttling, con- figurable command line prompt, and other enhancements over the standard BSD ftp were implemented in NetBSD 1.3 and later releases by Luke Mewburn <firstname.lastname@example.com>. IPv6 support was added by the WIDE/KAME project (but may not be present in all non-NetBSD versions of this program, depending if the operating system supports IPv6 in a similar manner to KAME).
Correct execution of many commands depends upon proper behavior by the remote server. An error in the treatment of carriage returns in the 4.2BSD ascii-mode transfer code has been corrected. This correction may result in incor- rect transfers of binary files to and from 4.2BSD servers using the ascii type. Avoid this problem by using the binary image type. ftp assumes that all IPv4 mapped addresses (IPv6 addresses with a form like ::ffff:10.1.1.1) indicate IPv4 destinations which can be handled by AF_INET sockets. However, in certain IPv6 network configurations, this assumption is not true. In such an environment, IPv4 mapped addresses must be passed to AF_INET6 sockets directly. For example, if your site uses a SIIT translator for IPv6-to-IPv4 translation, ftp is unable to support your configuration. NetBSD 9.1 April 24, 2015 NetBSD 9.1


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About Us
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In accordance with Federal Civil Rights law and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Civil Rights regulations and policies, the USDA, its agencies, offices, and employees, and institutions participating in or administering USDA programs are prohibited from discriminating based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, gender identity (including gender expression), sexual orientation, disability, age, marital status, family/parental status, income derived from a public assistance program, political beliefs, or reprisal or retaliation for prior credible activity, in any program or activity conducted or funded by USDA (not all bases apply to all programs). Remedies and complaint filing deadlines vary by program or incident.
Persons with disabilities who require alternative means of communication for program information (e.g , Braille, large print, audiotape, American Sign Language, etc.) should contact the responsible Agency or USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TTY) or contact USDA through the Federal Relay Service at (800) 877-8339. Additionally, program information may be made available in languages other than English.
To file a program discrimination complaint, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form, AD-3027, found online at How to File a Program Discrimination Complaint and at any USDA office or write a letter addressed to USDA and provide in the letter all of the information requested in the form. To request a copy of the complaint form, call (866) 632-9992. Submit your completed form or letter to USDA by: (1) mail: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C. 20250-9410; (2) fax: (202) 690-7442; or (3) email: email@example.com.
USDA is an equal opportunity provider, employer, and lender.

subset: commoncrawl


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Geometric pattern filled deer heads ~ custom requests welcome ~ deer, stag, vintage, retro, linen, chevron, stripe, dot, spot, nursery, baby
6676 designs
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Wallpaper you might like
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Wallpaper Details
Peel and Stick
Design #1273890Subtle linen textured, DIY-friendly self-adhesive, removable and cleanable wallcovering for smooth, flat, non-textured surfaces
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- Eco-friendly inks, formaldehyde-, phthalate-, and PVC-free
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- Surface type, primers and paints will affect adhesion and removabilty of this wallpaper.
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Spoonflower products are made-to-order, meaning we don't have a warehouse of ready-to-ship items. This enables us to offer a huge library of designs by independent designers, available on over 50 different products. And we back every purchase up with our Happiness Guarantee. Visit our help page for information on returns and exchanges.
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geo pattern deer heads
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♥ Artist, illustrator & pattern maker ♥ All designs © Sharon Turner. Message me through Spoonflower for custom requests. I'm happy for you to use my designs to make and sell. Email email@example.com for licensing info or to share project pics.
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Musicroom Terms and Conditions
1. Our terms
2. Information about us and how to contact us
3. Our contract with you
4. Our products
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Right under the Consumer Contracts | How our goodwill guarantee is more generous |
14 day period to change your mind. | 30 day period to change your mind provided products are unopened and in their original packaging. During the period 1 November to 31 December you have until 31 January in the following year to change your mind. In order to benefit from our goodwill guarantee, products must be returned either unopened in their original packaging, or if opened, in perfect re-sellable condition. |
8. How to end the contract with us (including if you are a consumer who has changed their mind)
(b) In all other cases, your refund will be made within 14 days of your telling us you have changed your mind
9. Our rights to end the contract
10. If there is a problem with the product
How to tell us about problems. If you have any questions or complaints about the product, please contact us. Call Customer Support on +44 (0)1284 725 725 or email us at firstname.lastname@example.com.
11. Your rights in respect of defective products if you are a consumer
Summary of your key legal rights This is a summary of your key legal rights. These are subject to certain exceptions. For detailed information please visit the Citizens Advice website www.adviceguide.org.uk or call +44 (0)3454 04 05 06. The Consumer Rights Act 2015 says products must be as described, fit for purpose and of satisfactory quality. During the expected lifespan of your product your legal rights entitle you to the following: a) Up to 30 days: if your products are faulty, then you can get an immediate refund. b) Up to six months: if your products can't be repaired or replaced, then you're entitled to a full refund, in most cases. c) Up to six years: if your products do not last a reasonable length of time you may be entitled to some money back. See also clause 7.5. |
12. Price and payment
13. Our responsibility for loss or damage suffered by you if you are a consumer
14. Website
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16. Gift vouchers
16.1 Where you can use a gift voucher. From time to time we may offer gift vouchers for sale. If you purchase a gift voucher it can only be used on Musicroom.com. It is not redeemable in our high street stores. In order to redeem a gift voucher on Musicroom.com you must have a registered user account on Musicroom.com. If you do not already have an account you will be asked to create one.


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Welcome to the April Carnival of Natural Parenting: Parenting advice!
This post was written for inclusion in the monthly Carnival of Natural Parenting hosted by Hobo Mama and Code Name: Mama. This month we're writing letters to ask our readers for help with a current parenting issue. Please read to the end to find a list of links to the other carnival participants.
Oh, my aching back!
Dear Readers,
My two-year-old child has a problem. He cannot walk. We've investigated every potential medical cause and ruled them all out.
Two legs? Check.
Do they bend? Check.
Do they have muscles and bone inside? All seems to be intact.
And it's strange, because they work intermittently. For instance, if I try to hide a chocolate egg upstairs (oh, Cadbury, you seductress), those unpredictable legs rush my toddler right on up multiple steps to find it. If I put a permanent marker out of his reach, those same legs haul him up and over obstacles to retrieve it.
But when we're hiking upstairs to bed, or need to climb into or out of the car, or have to walk (oh, woe) fourteen feet to the mailbox:
"Can't do it, Mama. Can't walk. Hold you! Hold you!"
(He also hasn't quite figured out pronouns yet, but that's an advice column for another day...)
Now, I can hold him, sometimes. But it gets wearying when it's all the time — and most particularly when it's at the same place, every time:
To wit — when we're coming in from outside, we have to climb a flight of stairs to get to our floor. I often (usually) have something else to carry. Sometimes it's light but awkward like a pile of mail; sometimes (often) it's heavy, like a laptop bag or groceries or, you know, whatever I went out to get. Mikko looks at me with my arms full and burdened and he still, without fail, starts to plead: "Hold you, hold you, can't go up stairs, Mama. Can't do it."
See, he's heavy. He's been heavy for a long time. He's somewhere around 36 pounds or so now, and has been for almost a couple years now. (He'll be three in June and has always been a chunky monkey.) I've always had a bad back, inherited through my mother's line, and the pregnancy alone with my almost 12-pounder took a toll on me. My hips feel like they still haven't knit back together; my knees are beginning to show their age and creak when I walk; and my back is apt to give out whenever it dang well feels like it.
But: I am healthy. I am strong. I can carry him most days, if I want.
It's just — I'm tired of it. I'm annoyed by the fact that he can walk, and he knows he can walk, and he knows I don't want to carry him up the stairs all the time anymore, and yet he persists in asking — first with a sly grin and then — oh, if I refuse — the screaming! The everlasting screaming! I don't know what the neighbors in our building must think of us, because probably all they ever hear from us is a wailing kid being trotted down the hallway.
Because here's the thing. If I even hesitate, the screaming can start. If I give in and do carry him, that's not even a guarantee that the screaming will stop. And it is loud. This kid can pitch a fit, yo.
What do I do?
If I don't carry him, there's the screaming. And if I half-heartedly carry him, like tucked under one arm — hoo, boy, he hates that. Very, very infrequently I can cajole him to walk up the stairs happily on his own by making a game of it: Go up like a snake, I'll say, or a sheep, or let's count the steps as we go, etc. But it is so very rare that that works. Mostly he'll just tell me no, and we're back to square one.
I've even offered to carry all the stuff up first, then come back to get him, hoping he'll get bored and follow anyway. But you know? I just hate doing that. I'm not overly fond of stairs myself, and getting to make two trips carrying two heavy loads every time? Bleh.
So what are my options here? And what are the reasons behind this? Is he needing to reconnect? Does he miss the constant babywearing? Will he outgrow this, and how soon? (I remember being 5-7 or so and still wanting my dad to hold me, but understanding that I was too heavy for it to happen often.) Will I miss it when it's gone? Is it unreasonable to request a 2.75-year-old to walk up stairs by himself when his mother's got her arms full (or even if she doesn't)? Is there a way to handle this that is respectful of him (like, say, not make fun of him in a blog post...) and that also honors my needs not to be overly physically burdened?
I know what conventional parenting would say (i.e., my mom). Don't give in; don't listen to him whine; he's not the boss of me; you're encouraging him to be lazy; etc. But do I need to just accept that he needs this now, for whatever reason, and really go for it? Just carry him all the dang time? Even for the brief walk from the car to the door, get the ERGO out each time for the 2-minute trek and strap him in so I can carry everything without fuss again?
Or is there a brilliant way to reason with a 2-year-old...?
Backbroken in Hoboken (er...Seattle)
Visit Hobo Mama and Code Name: Mama to find out how you can participate in the next Carnival of Natural Parenting!
Please take time to read the submissions by the other carnival participants:
(This list will be updated by the end of the day April 13 with all the carnival links.)
- Replace hitting with…? — Acacia at Be Present Mama is at a loss on how to handle her three year old's hitting.
- Two Questions — Alexandra at Breastfeeding Momma would like some ideas on how to strengthen her bond with her 8-month-old daughter; she's also looking for input on an emotional topic: vaccines.
- Balancing Needs When Baby Trumps Mama — Alison at BluebirdMama wonders how her child's need for noise and energy balances out against her need for quiet and space. (@childbearing )
- The McDilemma — Annie at PhD in Parenting is on the arches of a McDilemma. (@phdinparenting)
- Where is the mutually agreeable solution? When parenting calls for blood draws — Arwyn at Raising My Boychick has a child who needs regular blood tests that are torment for him. How does a parent honor a child when his health is on the line? (@RaisingBoychick)
- When To Wait To Nurse — Cave Mother wonders what age toddlers can be asked to wait to nurse.
- I don't love you Mama! — CurlyMonkey wonders what to do with her daughter's intense feelings. (@curlymonkey_)
- Help a Mama Out — Danielle at Born.in.Japan isn't getting much sleep with her cosleeping, night nursing, cranky little guy and hopes you can help with some suggestions for shuteye. (@borninjp)
- Dear Abby: My daughter really misses her Daddy — Darcel at The Mahogany Way needs to know how to help her daddy's girl get the connection with her father she needs — and not feel left out in the process. (@MahoganyWayMama)
- What's Going on at School? — Deb at Science@home is in a quandary: how can she find out what really goes on at school without stepping on the teacher's toes? (@ScienceMum)
- April Carnival of Natural Parenting: Parenting Advice — Dionna at Code Name: Mama wants to find volunteer work that includes her toddler. (@CodeNameMama)
- How Do You Deal? — Erin at Beatnik Momma does not want to engage in "mommy wars." She'd like your input on how (and how much) to discuss her natural parenting choices with curious friends and family who parent differently. (@babybeatnik)
- Dear Abby — The Grumbles at Grumbles and Grunts gave her son a banana...and no solid food since. What's the next step in baby-led weaning? (@thegrumbles)
- Excuse me, I have a poop question — Jessica at This is Worthwhile has a question about toddler tinkling. (@tisworthwhile)
- The Half Empty Nest Syndrome: What to do when Momma gets replaced by a cow? — Joni Rae at Kitchen Witch Momma is suffering from "half-empty nest syndrome": what do you do when your babies start growing up? (@kitchenwitch)
- Peer Pressure — Kate at Momopoly worries what message her daughter's new friend is sending — but how to break up such an infatuation? (@Momopoly)
- When I Fall Down — Katherine at Momioso.com needs your wisdom on how to be more gentle and at peace with herself. (@naturalparent)
- A question of sleep and sanity — KeepingMumSane needs your toddler cosleeping advice in order to, well, keep mum sane! (@keepingmumsane)
- April Carnival of Natural Parenting: Parenting advice — Lauren at Hobo Mama needs a chiropractor … or help getting her 36 lb toddler to walk up the stairs. (@Hobo_Mama)
- Driver's Ed for Mommies — Maman A Droit is a self-confessed terrible driver and is scared to drive with her baby in the car.
- Solo Parenting — Mammapie at Downside Up and Outside In needs tips for being a single working mother while her partner's away. (@mammapie)
- Itsy Bitsy Biter — Mamapoekie at Authentic Parenting needs your advice about her daughter, otherwise known as the pitbull.
- How Can I Avoid Beauty Obsession? — Melodie at Breastfeeding Moms Unite! is at a loss ever since her tomboys turned into wannabe princesses. (@bfmom)
- Seeking Stability in Chaos — Michelle at Seeking Mother is in a heart-wrenching position. She needs your input on how to make a toddler feel secure during a time of transition, the illness of a parent, and multiple (new) caregivers. (@Seekingmother)
- Mama, That's Too, Too Boring! — Michelle at The Parent Vortex started out asking how to encourage her preschooler to get dressed — and four days later, she began to without prompting! (@TheParentVortex)
- Dear Lovey Hart, I Am Desperate. — Mommy Soup from Cream of Mommy Soup has several questions for you, from how you play favorites when no one's your favorite to how to tell off strangers curious about the ample size of your family. (@mommysoup)
- Diaper Duty Dilemma — Paige at Baby Dust Diaries has a simple request: talk to her about cloth! (@babydust)
- What Do You Need My Son — pchanner at A Mom's Fresh Start wishes her calm four-month-old hadn't turned into an inquisitive and dramatic six-month-old. How do you handle changes in baby's personality? (@pchanner)
- Dear Natural Parenting Community — Sarah at OneStarryNight wants to know how to respond to criticism from family and friends over breastfeeding. (@starrymom)
- Natural Parenting Carnival — Help — Sarah at Consider Eden feels like either her to-do list or her parenting is suffering, because she can't do both! (@considereden)
- To potty learn or not to potty learn - that is the question — Sheryl at Little Snowflakes wants to know whether it's time to start potty training. (@sheryljesin)
- Seeking Patience — Starr at Earth Mama looks to the collective tribal wisdom of this community to learn how to teach patience to children.
- A Dirty Girl Comes Clean — Tashmica at Mother Flippin' is struggling. How do parents deal with their inability to keep their children protected from danger? (@Mother_Flippin)
- Uli and the Pussy Cats — Thomasin at Propson Palingenesis has a toddler who likes to put kitties in headlocks and ride them like horsies. How best to separate the little beasties?
- Perceptions of Discipline — Zoey at Good Goog doesn't use conventional discipline with her child — and doesn't know how to respond around people who do. (@zoeyspeak)


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neatorama presents: HDYK? – {day 5}
By BY
It's an all-new 5-day trivia hunt!
Co-puzzle Master Josh Halbur and I are happy to bring you the next How Did You Know? sponsored by our friends over at neatorama.com.
Here's how it works: Starting today, and every day the rest of this week, we'll be presenting two challenges at noon ET. They'll be very similar to the kinds of puzzles you've come to expect from me and Josh, and, yes, they will feed into the Day 5 puzzle, as normal. Each evening, at 8pm ET, we'll be putting up a third challenge loosely based on the day's previous two challenges. You won't need to solve the first two to solve the third, but knowing the day's theme might help you be the first to crack Level 3. Also: note that you'll have to solve Level 3–the bonus–to compete on Day 5
>> Prizes! Each day, one person will win one item from the neatoshop worth $25 or less. Shipping is on the house but the item you pick must be in stock. Oh, and no credit if you don't use up the full $25. To be eligible for the prize, you need to leave the correct answer to Level 3 on the correct neatorama page before 10pm ET. You also need to tell us in that comment what you want if you're selected at random.
>> So what's in it for the person/team who finishes first with all the correct answers? Bragging rights, as always, with your photo/bio posted on our site. But also the chance to win the Day 5 neatorama prize, and, as has been tradition here for the last 28 months of HDYK?, your pick of any one of the amazing t-shirts from our store.
As always, if you're not a Fan of our Facebook page, be sure to add us so we can keep you updated, and you can get in on some additional nifty clues throughout the week. If you're new to our five-day hunt, you can read up on our new Rules page here. Oh, and the previous days' challenges can be found here if you missed it. Okay, ready to get your Hunt on? Click on through.


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