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Passenger Killed When Sedan Flips in Lenox Downtown
LENOX, Mass. — An elderly woman from the state of Florida was killed Wednesday afternoon after the car she was riding in collided three other vehicles, traveled through the Walker and Main street intersection and flipped over to land on the lawn of Adams Community Bank.
Nancy Goessel, 88, of Naples, Fla., was extricated using a Jaws of Life and was transported to Berkshire Medical Center in Pittsfield, where she was pronounced dead at 4:29 p.m.
Senior Officer Timothy Sheehan and Officers Jacob Stringer and William Colvin were awaiting shift change at the Lenox Police Station at 2:13 on Wednesday afternoon when they were alerted to a loud crash at the intersection of Walker Street (Route 183) and Main Street at the Paterson-Egleston Monument.
According to police, a preliminary investigation has revealed that a 2011 Jaguar 4D sedan, operated by 88-year-old William Goessel of Naples, was westbound on Walker Street and swerved into an eastbound Ford Explorer, operated by Robert Rodgers of Monterey.
Goessel then sideswiped an occupied, but parked 2012 Volkswagen Jetta and continued westbound on Walker Street in the eastbound lane while accelerating.
The Jaguar travelled over the curb and lawn at the Revolutionary War obelisk and onto the north side of the monument with such force that it was propelled into the air at some points. The Jaguar, while airborne, then collided with a 2016 Volkswagen Jetta operated by Jorja Flaherty of Pittsfield that was carrying an infant passenger properly secured in a carseat in the rear seat.
The Jaguar landed near the sidewalk at Adams Community Bank, flipped and landed on its roof on the bank's lawn. William and Nancy Goessel were the only passengers in the Jaguar. William Goessel, Flaherty, and the infant were also transported to Berkshire Medical Center. All victims were transported by three ambulances from the County Ambulance service.
The Lenox Police were assisted by the Lenox Fire Department, the Lee and Stockbridge police departments, state police from the Lee barracks, the State Police Crime Scene Services and Collision Analysis and Reconstruction Section, and several witnesses and bystanders who were at the scene.
This case remains under investigation and, currently, there are no criminal charges.
Multiple Berkshire County Schools Subject Of Bomb Threat
Pittsfield Pedestrian Killed on Route 7
LENOX, Mass. — A 46-year-old Pittsfield woman was killed shortly after midnight on Sunday when she was struck by a car on the Pittsfield Lenox Road.
According to Lenox Police, Stacy A. Macfarlane-Holmes was crossing the Pittsfield Road (Route 7) near the Price Chopper plaza on foot at about 12:39 a.m. when she was hit by a southbound 1998 Volkswagen New Beetle driven by Firas M. Kara of Lee.
Macfarlane-Holmes was in the southbound lane when the accident occurred but her direction of travel has yet to be determined. She was transported to Berkshire Medical Center in Pittsfield where she was pronounced dead.
The state police Collision Analysis and Reconstruction Section is in the process of reconstructing the crash. Kara states that he never saw Macfarlane-Holmes in the roadway. This area of the Pittsfield Road is somewhat poorly lit and it was raining at the time of the collision.
Officers Ward and Lagarce responded to the scene. They were assisted by state police from the Lee barracks, the Pittsfield Police Department, the Lenox Ambulance and the Pittsfield Fire Department.
This incident remains under investigation. Anyone who may have witnessed this is urged to contact the Lenox Police at 413-637-2346. Officer Ward is the investigating officer.
Tags: pedestrian, motor vehicle, fatality |
Lenox Police Go High Tech to Search for Missing
LENOX, Mass. — Police Chief Stephen E. O'Brien has formalized an agreement with the A Child Is Missing Alert Program that has led to a high-tech method now in place to search locally for missing children, missing elderly (often with Alzheimer's), college students and missing persons who may be mentally or physically challenged or disabled.
Upon receipt of a missing person call, the Police Department will make one of its first phone calls to a toll-free number that rings in Fort Lauderdale, Fla., at the national headquarters of the A Child Is Missing Alert Program.
The call, answered 24 hours every day by an information and mapping technician, initiates a rapid process of information gathering and use of sophisticated mapping systems. A Child Is Missing then launches potentially thousands of calls within minutes with an alert message detailing the missing person's description, last known whereabouts, and pertinent information. This alert message will also include a Lenox Police Department phone number for use by anyone with information relating to the missing person.
This program is a free service to law enforcement. Police officials will evaluate each potential activation of the A Child Is Missing Alert Program to ensure the application is appropriate to the case and that the system is optimally used. Policies, procedures, and employee training will also guide the most efficient and effective use of this alert program.
Phone numbers that are called by this program include listed numbers and mobile numbers available to ACIM in the selected area. Mobile numbers, unlisted numbers, broadband/voice-over IP numbers, or TDD/TTY devices can be added to ensure they, too, are called in the event of an alert.
To enter your cell phone, unlisted or other device number visit www.achildismissing.org and click on "add your name" to enter your name, number and address. This information will only be used for emergency message alerts.
A Child Is Missing is a nationwide nonprofit organization that helps law enforcement agencies locate missing children and others. It utilizes sophisticated computer mapping systems and trained technicians with the capacity to place 1,000 alert phone calls in one minute to residents and businesses in the area where someone has gone missing. To date, the efforts of A Child Is Missing have been credited with more than 890 safe, assisted recoveries.
Tags: missing person |
Lenox Ambulance in Head-on Crash
LENOX, Mass. — The town's ambulance is out of commission after it was involved in a head-on crash Thursday morning while transporting a patient to Berkshire Medical Center in Pittsfield.
Police Chief Stephen E. O'Brien said Lenox Ambulance was dispatched at 5:11 a.m. on Thursday to Curtis Housing on Main Street for a woman with abdominal pain. By 5:25, the firefighter emergency medical technicians Jason Saunders and Daniel Pirettihad had her on the way to Pittsfield.
Saunders, who was driving the ambulance, reported six minutes later that it had been involved in a head-on motor vehicle crash on Main Street near the entrance to the Church on the Hill.
Police said Matthew Bak, 20, of Cheshire, was operating a 1997 Chevy pickup GMT 400 southbound on Main Street when he fell asleep at the wheel, crossed the center line, and collided with the 2008 Ford E450 Type III ambulance.
Saunders requested aid from the Fire Department, two other ambulances and Lenox Police.
The EMTs on the ambulance began caring for the other patients involved and, once more firefighters arrived, a third ambulance was requested for the personnel involved in the crash.
Saunders, 36, and Piretti, 27, who was caring for the patient in the back of the ambulance, were both treated at BMC for minor injuries and released after being transported by County Ambulance. The 83-year-old patient was taken to BMC with neck and back pain via another County Ambulance.
Bak complained of neck and back pain and was transported to BMC by Lee Ambulance.
The crash remains under investigation and both criminal and civil charges are pending. There was extensive damage to both involved vehicles, which were towed away.
Although the town will be without an ambulance, Fire Chief Daniel W. Clifford said the Lenox Fire Department will continue to provide emergency medical services and will rely on mutual aid ambulance services for transport until a more permanent solution for a replacement ambulance becomes available.
Tags: head-on, accident, ambulance |


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Seeing the Brighter Light
Capitalize on low hanging fruit to identify a ballpark value added activity to beta test. Override the digital divide with additional clickthroughs from DevOps. Nanotechnology immersion along the information.
Credibly innovate granular internal or « organic » sources whereas high standards in web-readiness. Energistically scale future-proof core competencies vis-a-vis impactful experiences. Dramatically synthesize integrated schemas with optimal networks.Interactively procrastinate high-payoff content without backward-compatible data Quickly cultivate.
Globally incubate standards compliant channels before scalable benefits. Quickly disseminate superior deliverables whereas web-enabled applications. Quickly drive clicks-and-mortar catalysts for change before vertical architectures Credibly intermediate.
- Efficiently myocardinate market-driven innovation.
- Idea-sharing with back end products.
- Ballpark value added activity to beta test.
Appropriately empower dynamic leadership skills after business portals. Globally myocardinate interactive supply chains with distinctive quality vectors. Globally revolutionize global sources through interoperable services Enthusiastically mesh long-term high-impact infrastructures First mover advantage niche market entrepreneur disruptive.
products Inter face investor monetization bandwidth hypotheses MVP stealth eco system funding research & development disruptive Return on investment part ner network found influenze encer facebook. Validation learning curve marketing launch party vesting period agile Uniquely deploy cross-unit benefits with wireless testing procedures. Collaboratively build backward-compatible relationships whereas tactical paradigms. Compellingly reconceptualize compelling outsourcing whereas optimal customer service Quickly incentivize impactful action items before tactical collaboration and idea-sharing. Monotonically engage market-driven intellectual capital through wireless opportunities. Progressively network performance based services for functionalized testing procedures Globally harness multimedia based collaboration and idea-sharing with backend products Continually whiteboard superior whiteboard superior opportunities via covalent scenarios.

subset: commoncrawl


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Sandblasted Signs
VIEW GALLERYClassic, rich, and elegant. Very few business signs can make a first impression quite as lasting and impactful as beautiful sandblasted signs can.
Sandblasted signs owe their timeless charm to the creative and highly effective process of abrasive blasting. Sandblasting signs is done by forcibly propelling a high-pressure stream of abrasive material to clean, etch, or carve a surface. In the signs industry, it is used to cleanly remove specific sections of a sign in order to achieve a smooth, even dimensional effect. With a high-pressure jet of sand and air, an ordinary panel is transformed into impactful signage that tastefully represents a brand and its personality.
SIGNificant Graphics is a trusted manufacturer and provider of high-quality sandblasted signs. We clearly see how a single sign can say so much about your business, so we strive every day to produce sandblasted signs that convey your message and the quality of service you can offer.
Call SIGNificant Graphics today at (312) 626-3766 for your Free Consultation!
Custom Wooden Signs
SIGNificant Graphics offers beautifully crafted sandblasted signs made of premium lumber; the most popular being redwood and cedar. Though wood is the costlier type of sandblasted sign, we believe that its vintage yet timeless appeal helps give passersby and potential customers the impression that your business is established and firm and reliable.
Using state-of-the-art sandblasting equipment and proven blasting techniques, SIGNificant Graphics carefully reveals the wood's natural patterns. A sandblasted monument sign with this type of detail exudes strength and resilience, extending an aura of permanence to your brand identity.
Because natural products and subject to decay and insect damage, SIGNificant Graphics ensures that only the best types of wood are used. We see to it that our wooden signs are weatherproof by having them go through stringent sanding, treatment, sealing, and coating processes.
Durable and Affordable HDU Signs
High-density urethane (HDU) is a lightweight, rigid foam that was specifically invented to be an alternative to wood in the signs production. Highly versatile as well as resistant to decay and cracking, HDU is a practical option for businesses that are looking for a sandblasted sign option for a reasonable price.
SIGNificant Graphics sources only the highest quality of HDU foam to make sure that your sandblasted sign leave the best impression for a long time. Our HDU signs have beautifully textured surfaces and are the ideal choice for those of you who prefer to have signs with a sandstone-like appearance. We also have the option to have them primed and treated to achieve a smoother look.
Full-Service Sign Company
SIGNificant Graphics doesn't just make sandblasted signs, we go through the entire sign-making process with our clients, this way we make sure that they are happy with the output that they get.
Do you already have a design that you want sandblasted on a sign? That's great. Our team of signage specialists can create customized signs of all shapes and sizes. And if you don't have a design yet, that's not a problem either. SIGNificant Graphics has a team of talented artists who can help come up with sign designs that best suit your brand, your services, your target market, and of course your budget.
From design, to treatment, to production, to installation, and even until maintenance, SIGNificant Graphics takes care of its clients. Our business is dedicated to helping your business, and we can't wait to provide you with the best sign service yet.
Free Sandblasted Signs Consultation
SIGNificant Graphics is very convinced that sandblasted signs are a great investment. If you're curious about why that is and how that works, we'd love to share our knowledge on the subject with you. We'd be more than happy to have one of our most trusted signage specialists sit down with you so you can have a conversation about how sandblasted signs can do wonders for your business.
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As spring turns to summer and the weather warms up, the swimming season is quickly approaching. That means it's time to get your pool and water ready for a summer full of splashing, diving, raft floating… and maybe a cannonball or two.
Whether you're new to pool ownership or want to replace your existing "pool guy" to save some cash, swimming pool maintenance can definitely be a DIY task for the average homeowner.
To point you in the right direction, here's what you need to know about opening your pool for the season.
When Should I Open My Swimming Pool
Most pool owners decide to open their swimming pool during the first few weeks of May – before the unofficial start of pool season on Memorial Day Weekend. In general, you should wait to open your pool until the daytime temperatures consistently stay above 70 degrees Fahrenheit, but don't put it off too long. If you wait until temperatures get warmer, you may open your cover to find a pool full of green water caused by algae growth.
Steps for Opening Your Swimming Pool
- Clean up. Before you begin the process of opening your pool, start by cleaning up any leaves or debris that have accumulated during the off-season. Spray down the deck area around your pool to wash away the dirt. Now is a good opportunity to clean up any outdoor furniture, too. Then, it's time to address the pool cover.
Your pool cover is designed to protect your swimming pool from the elements and dirt, water and debris. After performing this task for months on end, your cover has likely created its own mini pool of standing water. To remove this water, use a pool cover pump. This small, submersible electric pump allows you to quickly and easily remove the water off the surface of the pool cover.
As you finish your spring cleaning, take note of any damage to your deck, ladder, fence or pool cover that may have occurred during the fall and winter months. Then, make your repairs before the first swim day.
- Remove the cover. Now, it's time to remove your pool's winter cover. Every cover design is different, but most will be secured to the pool deck using a series of straps. Start by removing all the straps. Then, enlist the help of a partner to help you remove the cover. With one person on each side of the pool, grab a corner and slowly begin to pull back the cover. Once the cover is removed from the surface of the pool, give it a good cleaning.
While you can buy a dedicated pool cover cleaner, car wash soap will work just fine. Using the soap and a soft broom, scrub away all the dirt and grime from the surface of the cover. After the cover is clean, rinse it thoroughly and allow it to air dry. Once the cover is dry, fold it up and place it in a covered box or bin. Ideally, your winter cover should be stored indoors – away from the elements and pests like insects and rodents.
If your cover begins to crack or tear during the removal process, you can skip the cleaning. Just throw it away and buy a replacement for the next season.
- Reconnect the filter system. With the cover removed, you can begin to remove all the winterizing plugs from your pool's filtration system. This includes the lines to your pump, wall returns and surface skimmers. Reconnect all the lines and hoses. Check your filter and clean or replace it, if necessary. If any other parts appear to be worn, broken or leaking, replace them before moving any further in the pool opening process.
- Add more water. It's not uncommon for a swimming pool to lose a few inches of water during the off-season, so make sure it's full before you start adding chemicals. This will help you avoid the need to balance your water chemistry twice.
If you're filling your pool with a garden hose, use a hose filter to prevent water contamination. As you add water, it's also a great time to visually inspect the swimming pool liner for any signs of damage.
- Turn on the filter. Next, power up your pool filter to check for any leaks around the tubes, hoses and other connections. Pay particular attention to areas like plugs, gauges and your pump's sight glass. Experts recommend letting your pool's filter system run for at least 24 hours before you begin testing the water and adding chemicals. This allows the water to fully circulate for a more accurate reading.
- Clean the pool water. Once your filter pump is up and running, use a manual pool vacuum to remove dirt, sediment and debris from the pool floor. If you have large debris in your pool, such as leaves, consider using a skimmer plate attachment. This will allow you to use the pool's skimmer basket to collect the debris – which can help you avoid clogging your plumbing or filtration system. A skimmer net can be used to remove floating debris from the surface of the water.
- Test your pool water. With your pool water free from dirt and debris, it's time to fine-tune your water chemistry. First, take a water sample using a clean cup or bottle. To get an accurate reading, you want to avoid testing surface water. This can be accomplished by holding the sample container upside down, inserting it about a foot below the water surface, then flipping it over to fill the container with water.
You can test the water at home using paper test strips or a liquid test kit. Just follow the instructions and make sure the kit is not expired (they're typically good for about three years). For more precise results, you can also take your water sample to a local pool store for a professional analysis.
- Add chemicals. Based on the results of your water test, add chemicals to bring the water chemistry levels into the desired range. The pros at poolresearch.com recommend adding chemicals in the following order:
- Alkalinity: Since alkalinity influences the pH balance of your pool, you'll want to adjust these levels first. You can raise the alkalinity level by adding baking soda or lower it using muriatic acid or sodium bisulfate. The goal is to achieve an alkalinity level between 80-120 ppm (parts per million).
- pH: Your water's pH level refers to the degree of acid or base in the water. It's measured on a scale from 0 to 14, with an ideal range of 7.2-7.6 ppm. The pH of pool water can be raised with soda ash and lowered with muriatic acid or sodium bisulfate.
- Calcium: Calcium levels should be around 200-275 ppm for concrete or plaster pools and 175-225 ppm for fiberglass or vinyl pools. You can raise calcium levels with calcium chloride and lower them with a pool flocculant.
- Chlorine: Chlorine is used to sanitize your pool water. The recommended amount of chlorine in pool water is about 3 ppm. You can raise the level by adding chlorine and lowering it using a chlorine neutralizer.
- Shock your pool. After balancing the water chemistry, add "pool shock" to kill any bacteria or algae that may have started growing over the winter months. The goal of shocking your pool is to raise the free chlorine level to about 10 times the combined chlorine level. So follow the instructions on your pool shock to ensure you're adding the right amount of chemicals. Leave the filter running and by the next day, your pool should be ready for the first swim of the season. If you've had problems with algae in the past, you may also want to consider using an algaecide as part of your ongoing pool maintenance.
Enjoy Your Pool Safely
Owning your own swimming pool can be a winning formula for family fun all summer long. But pool ownership also comes with a responsibility to put safety first – especially when young children are around.
To protect your friends and family from risks such as slips, falls and drowning, familiarize yourself with these pool safety tips. You may also want to consider adding some extra insurance protection – in the form of a personal umbrella insurance policy.
An umbrella policy from Erie Insurance offers you $1 million (and up to $10 million) in coverage for covered claims brought against you or your family – like if an injury or tragic accident were to happen in your swimming pool. This extra coverage costs less than you might think. For most people, an extra $1 million in coverage costs less than $250 annually. To learn more about umbrella insurance from ERIE, or to get a no-obligation quote, contact us today.
Get the Protection You Need
We know there can be a lot to consider when it comes to insurance. That's why with ERIE, you get your own personal insurance agent to help.
1Umbrella Liability Insurance is not available in New York, where ERIE continues to offer Personal Catastrophe Liability Insurance. The policy contains the specific details of the terms, conditions, limitations and exclusions that apply. Talk to your Agent for details.
ERIE® insurance products and services are provided by one or more of the following insurers: Erie Insurance Exchange, Erie Insurance Company, Erie Insurance Property & Casualty Company, Flagship City Insurance Company and Erie Family Life Insurance Company (home offices: Erie, Pennsylvania) or Erie Insurance Company of New York (home office: Rochester, New York). The companies within the Erie Insurance Group are not licensed to operate in all states. Refer to the company licensure and states of operation information.
The insurance products and rates, if applicable, described in this blog are in effect as of July 2022 and may be changed at any time.
Insurance products are subject to terms, conditions and exclusions not described in this blog. The policy contains the specific details of the coverages, terms, conditions and exclusions.
The insurance products and services described in this blog are not offered in all states. ERIE life insurance and annuity products are not available in New York. ERIE Medicare supplement products are not available in the District of Columbia or New York. ERIE long term care products are not available in the District of Columbia and New York.
Eligibility will be determined at the time of application based upon applicable underwriting guidelines and rules in effect at that time.
Your ERIE agent can offer you practical guidance and answer questions you may have before you buy.
A better insurance experience starts with ERIE.
Haven't heard of us? Erie Insurance started with humble beginnings in 1925 with a mission to emphasize customer service above all else. Though we've grown to reach the Fortune 500 list, we still haven't lost the human touch.
Contact Guthrie Insurance Agency today to experience the ERIE difference for yourself.


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Satya Dragon Blood Incense Sticks
Incense is an inexpensive way of adding fragrance and ambiance to your home and we have a huge collection to choose from.
Goloka is the leading manufacturer and top selling brand in the world. They have the knowledge and the skill to create the most magical range of fragrances from the finest raw materials. Each stick or cone is still hand rolled enhancing the scent and making the incense burn for longer, up to 30 minutes per stick or cone.
Incense is still one of the most popular ways to add fragrance to your home or workplace and is a great gift to give to your friends and family.
Dimensions: Length 20cm
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Techno All Night Long
Información del Evento
Fecha: | febrero 20, 2021 |
Hora: | 10:30 pm |
Evento: | # |
Regarded as one of the most successful and breakthrough parties ever to grace the White Island, the event will heat up the dance floors in clubland once again, with Luciano and his traveling gang of music gypsies ready to bring some fire in the Balearic nightlife. A brand new relationship between the Vagabundos concept and the multiple award-winning Space club will change Sundays forever in Ibiza. An amazing fusion between Cadenza's famed Latin rhythms and the great sound system only Space Ibiza can provide, plus the striking environment of its rooms, will bring a brand new music experience to the White Island.
Riding high from the success of his recent "Grace Of An Art" single for Cadenza (the milestone 100th release for the label), Luciano is looking forward to the summer, taking in an incredible year of touring that has brought him all over the world once again with appearances at all major festival and clubs, in true Vagabundos style.


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Megan Mini Dress
Setting the Start Date
Set the start date 1-2 days before you plan to wear the piece.
Saturday and Sunday start dates are blocked as UPS does not deliver.
Last Minute Bookings
We love a spontaneous Bestie! To make sure your outfit arrives fresh and on time, book at least 7 days in advance. Need it sooner? Hit the blue live chat button—let's sort out faster shipping for you!
Advance Bookings
We love a Bestie with a plan! Bookings open up 90 days from today's date.
Vacations & Travel
If you are booking for a trip, we recommend setting your start date 2 days before you leave town.
Simply schedule your start date 1-2 days before your event. This way, you have time for trying on and styling. Rest assured, our Lenders prioritize timely shipping, so you'll get your piece right on time or even earlier (free of charge).
Please treat Borrowed pieces with love 💙 If a piece is damaged, you'll be responsible for repair costs. For major damages, charges go up to the piece's full value. Read More.
We want you looking and feeling fabulous in your Borrowed fit! That's why our Lenders share pics wearing the piece and a Lender note to give you a true sense of fit. Still unsure? Hit the 'Message Lender' button and ask away. Just remember, once the piece arrives it is not refundable. Read More.
Leave the cleaning to the Lender! Just drop off at UPS on your end date using the return label that came in the package. Super easy! Read More.
We offer a 1-day grace period for those "oops" moments. But heads up, other besties might be Borrowing the same piece next, so ship back on time so that we can all feel fab 💅
If you're fashionably late, it's a $10 fee per day. And if it's 7 days past due? That's a non-return, and you'll be charged the full retail. Read More.
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Monetize that ish! Turn your closet into a money making asset.


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Stack Exchange has automatic filters in place to ban answers from accounts that have posted numerous low-quality answers in the past. These filters help keep the quality of our sites high.
Users who are banned from answering see the following error message when trying to post a new answer:
Sorry, we are no longer accepting answers from your account because most of your answers need improvement or do not sufficiently answer the question. See the Help Center to learn more.
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The only way to end a posting block is to positively contribute to the site; automatic bans never expire or "time out". Begin by fixing your existing answers; do not just post the same answer again or delete all of your existing answers. All answers are expected to be useful to future visitors, in addition to the original asker, so keep the following tips in mind when improving your answers:
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No business owner particularly likes the amount of work required to calculate taxes (to say nothing of the actual amounts paid), but calculating and paying taxes is both a legal obligation and also a responsibility entrepreneurs undertake in return for the substantial support that society affords us.
Beginning entrepreneurs are sometimes excessively scared about the tax liabilities involved in starting a business. We want to demystify them so that you have a good understanding of what you'll be asked to pay, roughly how much it will end up being, and how to organize your business such that calculating and paying taxes will be as painless as possible.
PwC, one of the world's leading accounting firms, is the tax and accounting partner for Stripe Atlas. Some of this chapter is based upon a more detailed Atlas Tax Guide written by PwC, which Atlas users can access.
There are many varieties of taxes in the United States and worldwide. This guide covers a subsection of taxes that a US corporate entity will likely have to pay. Entrepreneurs or owners of companies may realize income as a result of working for the company, receiving dividends, or realizing capital gains; make sure you also handle your personal obligations.
The entire profession of accounting exists in large part to help you correctly figure out what taxes you owe. This brief guide is not a substitute for the professional advice from your accountant. Get an accountant—their advice will almost certainly save you money and stress.
What is tax planning?
Though somewhat surprising to entrepreneurs, there are often multiple ways to apply tax laws to the economic facts of your business. This can result in a different amount of taxes, depending on how one applies the law. Accountants help businesses develop a tax position that is both compliant with the law and efficient in amount of taxes required.
Tax planning often starts well in advance of the tax being due or even the transactions being entered into. For example, given that one wants to award employees equity in the business (to attract desirable employees and reward them appropriately for the hoped-for success of the venture), one makes consequential decisions about business structure at incorporation, perhaps even before employing one's first employee. The eventual realization of the value of that equity, and the tax consequences for those future employees, might happen in 5 to 10 years down the road.
Tax planning is legal and expected of businesses. As judge Learned Hand wrote in 1934, summarizing centuries of precedent:
Anyone may arrange his affairs so that his taxes shall be as low as possible; he is not bound to choose that pattern which best pays the treasury. There is not even a patriotic duty to increase one's taxes.
Over and over again the Courts have said that there is nothing sinister in so arranging affairs as to keep taxes as low as possible. Everyone does it, rich and poor alike and all do right, for nobody owes any public duty to pay more than the law demands.
Tax agencies often, however, take a dim view of abusive tax structuring, where the sole rationale for some action of the business is to avoid taxes, and can impose substantial penalties when it occurs. Tax can be a very complicated subject, which is one more reason to have your accountant and/or lawyer review consequential changes to your tax strategy. They can provide advice on whether you're doing something that is mainstream in your country/industry or something that has a higher risk of causing your returns to be judged insufficient by tax agencies you are subject to.
Delaware franchise tax
Delaware, like many states, charges all companies incorporated in Delaware a "franchise tax." You can think of the franchise tax as an annual fee to renew the registration of a corporation—in some states, the fee is indeed called a fee.
Almost all taxes are assessed on revenue or profit. The franchise tax is different. There are two ways to calculate it; both in principle start at a relatively low number and scale with the complexity of the company.
You or your accountant can calculate your franchise tax in under two minutes. The rules and formulas are on the State of Delaware's website.
Companies incorporating with Stripe Atlas will generally owe the minimum tax under the Assumed Par Value method.
Franchise tax is due with your Annual Report filing, which you have to do by March 1 of every year. US corporate tax returns are generally due on April 15 (assuming your fiscal year is the calendar year); it's generally easiest to file your franchise tax when doing your tax return preparation for the corporate tax return, which (since you're well organized) will be done and ready to go sometime in February.
Entrepreneurs can file their own Annual Report and franchise tax relatively easily through Delaware's website, in most cases without requiring professional advice. Your accountant can also do it for you; expect to pay a nominal amount (perhaps $100 or so) for this.
LLCs formed using Stripe Atlas will generally pay an annual Delaware LLC tax of $300, which is due on June 1 of each year.
Sales tax
Here. Be. Dragons.
In the United States, businesses can be required to collect sales tax by their local jurisdiction (city, county, etc.) and by their state. This happens in every jurisdiction where the company both a) has a transaction take place and b) has "nexus," or a connection to the jurisdiction.
In general, internet companies only have nexus in locations where they have physical property or employees doing work on their behalf; however, more and more states are changing their laws to broaden what it means to have nexus and, as a result, requiring more sellers to collect and remit tax. You may have nexus simply by means of incorporating in a state, by having customers in a state, or by rewarding persons in the state for referring customers to your website. Each state has its own rules regarding what activity constitutes nexus. There is more information about how and where to register for tax here.
Once you have registered to collect tax in a location, you will generally be required to collect the tax from customers, display on each transaction how much tax you are collecting, and remit the tax to the appropriate government agency on a monthly or quarterly basis.
Many localities in the US also have a "use tax," which corresponds to the sales tax. A use tax is paid by the customer in a transaction, not by the seller—customers are supposed to tell the local taxation agency, "I am using some property that I purchased outside of this jurisdiction; here's the tax payment." Some people believe that compliance with use taxes is very, very, very low. Nonetheless, you may have a filing requirement if your business has a presence in a US state; check with your local state and/or city or county.
The complexity of a sales tax filing depends greatly on the specifics of your business, including what you sell, how you record the locations of transactions or buyers, how easy it is to determine where your business's nexus or nexuses are, and the like. As a rule of thumb, most internet businesses will get their sales tax returns filed by the same accountant who handles their corporate income tax return. It will generally cost a few hundred dollars in professional services fees, but this depends on the complexity of the business.
Corporate income tax
Profits of C corporations are taxed at the federal level and at the state level. The main form for the federal return is Form 1120.
Some tax returns or government filings are simple enough to do yourself. This is not one of them. While it looks simple (only five pages at first), you should absolutely, positively have a professional tax preparer or accountant involved in the preparation of any corporate tax return. It is relatively easy to make consequential mistakes, and sorting them out will be a distraction from running your business. Additionally, there are a variety of ways to characterize things that are not mistakes per se but which will result in you paying excessive amounts of tax relative to equally valid ways to characterize the same economic facts.
Income tax is only levied on income, rather than revenue. Income is, generally speaking, revenue minus expenses. Most things that you purchase on behalf of the corporation, including the salaries of the founding team and employees, can be deducted immediately as expenses.
A relatively smaller number of things cannot be expensed but have to be capitalized; their (generally high) up-front cost gets apportioned to the business over the useful life of the thing. This is also referred to as "depreciation" or "amortization." Internet businesses do not typically have high capital expenses early in their lives, particularly as the historic sources of capital expenditures (servers, networking equipment, custom software development, etc.) are increasingly rented at-need from cloud providers for fairly small (and expensible) sums of money.
Your accountant can provide you with authoritative advice on whether any particular expenditure needs to be amortized.
If you have a physical presence in a US state, your corporation may owe state income taxes in addition to federal income taxes. Your accountant can advise you on whether your company has a filing requirement in the state(s) in which it physically exists or does business and can help you prepare those filings. Some states have been getting more aggressive at claiming that internet activity can, in some circumstances, give rise to a filing requirement.
LLC federal income tax
Profits of an LLC are generally passed through to the LLC's owners and taxed on the owner's federal tax returns. LLCs that are owned by just one member are treated as disregarded entities by the IRS, and LLCs that are owned by more than one member are treated as partnerships. While the profits of the LLC flow to the owners, there still may be a tax return filing requirement for the LLC itself. For example, an LLC owned solely by a non-US individual requires filing Form 5472 with the IRS, and LLCs owned by multiple members requires filing a partnership return, Form 1065.
Similar to the federal taxes for a C Corporation, you should absolutely, positively have a professional tax preparer or accountant involved in the preparation of any federal tax returns related to the profits earned by your LLC. Tax reporting depends on how your LLC is set up, and it is easy to miss where reporting is required or how profits are allocated to the owners of the LLC.
One advantage of LLCs is that they provide for flexibility with respect to how the profits are taxed. For example, LLCs have the option of filing an election with the IRS to be taxed as a C Corporation. If you are interested in this option, it is recommended to talk with a tax advisor to understand the tax implications and election filing requirements.
Taxpayer ID numbers
All tax returns are associated with taxpayer identification numbers. There are several varieties of this. The ones you'll see most frequently are:
Social Security Numbers (SSNs): US citizens and people authorized to work in the US are issued a number by the Social Security Administration. This is widely used by governmental agencies and private entities alike to identify them. The SSN is considered very sensitive (because it is often used to authenticate whether someone is a particular person).
The general form of an SSN is 123–45–6789.
Companies do not have SSNs. You may not have an SSN if you are not a US citizen or have not been employed in the US before. You will instead provide one of the following when asked:
Individual Taxpayer Identification Numbers (ITINs): Any natural person (a living, breathing human) who needs to file taxes but cannot receive an SSN (because the SSN typically requires legal right to work in the US) can ask the IRS for an ITIN, which functions as a substitute SSN. They are not very tricky to get—you simply file a W-7 form and wait roughly six weeks.
Most owners of Stripe Atlas companies will not themselves need an ITIN; your company will file US taxes, but you yourself might not have US tax filing obligations. If your accountant tells you otherwise, file a W-7 and get one issued. You can also get one issued contemporaneously with any tax filing; submit the tax filing on paper with the ITIN listed as "pending" and include a W-7 form. This generally introduces a delay in the processing of your tax filing, and should be avoided when possible, but it is always better to file in a timely fashion and have the processing delayed than to fail to file or file late.
An ITIN looks like an SSN, but the first digit will always be 9.
Employer Identification Numbers (EINs): EINs identify corporate persons (i.e., companies) not natural persons (actual people). You receive an EIN after filing an SS-4 with the IRS; if you incorporated through Atlas, we took care of this for you.
You will routinely be asked for your EIN by financial institutions in the US, and occasionally by other businesses. It is probably not a good idea to publish it, but they're not treated as sensitively as SSNs are. (The disclosure of your SSN to an unauthorized person is an immediate emergency; the disclosure of your company's EIN happens rather routinely.)
An EIN looks like 12–3456789. Note that this is the same number of digits as an SSN but the hyphen placement is different. It is, unfortunately, not the case that the hyphens don't matter—some SSNs have the same numbers in the same order as some EINs, so make sure you're always filling in the right box and including the hyphens in the right spaces.
Informational returns
Companies, including your own, have an obligation to report certain transactions to the government via "informational returns." The government matches informational returns against the tax filings of individuals and corporations to make sure that taxpayers do not forget to pay taxes on income they have received.
Your company will routinely issue informational returns. You may occasionally receive them, and so should understand how that process works as well.
There are several varieties of informational returns. The two you are most likely to issue are the W-2, which records wage income to an employee, and the 1099-MISC, which shows payment for services to an individual contractor. (You will not ordinarily issue a 1099-MISC to a company, even if you buy services from them.)
Your accountant will take care of filing W-2s and 1099s on your behalf, early in the calendar year. You will provide one copy to the taxpayer you're reporting on, one to the IRS, and keep one for your own records.
To issue any informational return, you need someone's tax ID number—typically an SSN for W-2s and either an SSN, ITIN, or (rarely) an EIN for 1099s. There is a form to formally ask someone's tax ID number; it is the W-9. One only uses the W-9 with US taxpayers; if someone is not a US person (for example, if you're employing someone overseas), you'll want to get them to give you a W-8BEN instead. (This provides a paper trail in the event the IRS asks, "Why didn't you file a 1099 for that contractor?" "They don't have US tax liability, so we don't have to." "Oh, really?" "Here's their W-8BEN." "OK then.") Because the IRS loves its forms, there is a separate one (the W8-BEN-E) for when you need a W8-BEN from a corporate entity.
Your company may occasionally be asked for a W-9 or W8-BEN. This could happen if someone believes they need to file, or may need to file, an informational return about you. For example, a financial institution may ask for one of these to open an account, in anticipation of perhaps needing to file a 1099-INT to report interest income at a later date.
In some cases, you might be asked for one of these forms by mistake. Some relatively common mistakes:
Only US persons (including corporations) should be asked for a W-9. If you are not a US person, you should be asked for a W8-BEN.
Any company incorporated in the US is a US person, regardless of who owns it. Many Stripe Atlas customers have Delaware C corporations whose address and operations are international; these are still US persons and therefore should only file W-9s not W8-BEN-Es.
Sometimes individuals at companies ask for these forms when they have no actual need for them. You have no particular obligation to provide them if there is no legal requirement for an informational return. That said, companies have no particular obligation to do business with you, and some companies will request these forms at certain points as a matter of policy. Often the easiest resolution is to say, "Can you check with your accountant to see if that is really necessary?" You might sensibly decide to simply provide the form, even if not required to.
It is generally in your interest to provide W-9s or W8-BENs. A common reason why your counterparty is asking for it is to document their decision to not withhold money on your behalf. (If you're unknown to the US tax system, they might have a legal obligation to withhold perhaps 30% of your payment and send it to the IRS. The IRS will then wait for you to file a return and perhaps get some of that back. The assumption is that people who are known to the tax system are honest and can be trusted to hold onto their own money before filing a return to determine what portion should be sent to the IRS. A W-9 says "The relevant laws say that the IRS implicitly trusts me, so you have all the legal justification you need to pay me what we've agreed and not withhold anything.")
Your company may receive informational returns. The most likely one for Atlas customers is a 1099-K from Stripe, showing revenue from processing credit cards in a year. You don't have to do anything in response to an informational return, and you don't have to send it on to the IRS—they already received a copy. You'll already have the income shown on the return recorded in your books somewhere, and your books drive your tax return.
The scenario where an informational return actually matters is where the return shows a large amount of money and one's corporate tax return doesn't obviously reflect that money on it. This can result in the IRS doing a correspondence audit, basically asking "We know you received $5,000 in interest last year. Where did that show up on your tax return?" Since you are a law-abiding taxpayer, you'll have a ready answer to that question, and that will be the end of it.
Many entrepreneurs believe that informational returns necessarily reflect income (profits), but this is not the case. For example, a 1099-K reflects total volume of payments, which isn't even close to a business's taxable income—they still have to pay expenses, etc. The IRS will expect that number to be a subset of one's revenue for the year (and will ask for an explanation if you show $200,000 of credit card payments but only claim $120,000 of revenue), but they don't tax revenue, they tax the profits of the business.
What is transfer pricing?
Companies are increasingly doing business internationally, and this raises thorny questions on where related parties working in concert are generating the profits in their business and where it should be taxed. This is also true of many Atlas customers, who might have one corporate entity in the US and one in their home country.
Businesses document movement of money between their own international operations using transfer pricing, a mechanism to describe the internal movements of money, goods, services, and profits between two or more related parties as if they were the "arm's-length" dealings of unrelated companies.
Transfer pricing has developed over the years as companies and tax authorities try to tackle the complexities of international business. It is a tool for taxpayers to consider the best way to allocate that income and for tax authorities to consider if too much or too little has been allocated to a territory, especially when there is a difference in the tax treatment between the territories.
Fair prices
The general theory of transfer pricing is that the entities mutually agree on a fair price for goods and services moving between them, record their justification, and have the books of the separate entities match this stipulated-upon reality and also match the actual flow of funds.
In general, market-based economies assume that there is no such thing as a "fair price" except in the context of an agreement between a buyer and a seller. How much "should" software cost? Nothing, or $0.99, or a million dollars a year, depending on the agreement between the parties. Authorities treat the choice of a buyer and seller to agree on a price with substantial deference, including in tax matters—the IRS will default to assuming that the price of an expense item is reasonable.
There is a caveat here that is very important for transfer pricing: we assume that the buyers and sellers in most transactions are doing the transaction because they like the terms of the transaction, not because they have a relationship larger than the transaction. This is called dealing "at arm's length." When the buyer and seller are related to each other, for example by being married or by being under common corporate control, the transaction could conceivably be influenced by their desire to not end up sleeping on the couch. Or, more worrisomely from the IRS's perspective, to reduce tax paid.
Accordingly, transfer pricing is about documenting "In the hypothetical world where our two companies were not related to each other at all, we could have reasonably agreed to buy this thing because it is valuable, and to pay this amount of money because that is what this thing would cost on the market."
Transfer pricing examples
These are two examples that are common among Atlas companies:
Sales of software through the US subsidiary of a foreign company
Suppose we have the founders of a software company that operates in India as a Private Limited Company (PLC), the Indian equivalent of a US C corporation. We'll call it server monitoring software, for concreteness.
The PLC sells server monitoring software directly to Indian companies, but its software is usable by customers worldwide. They establish a Delaware C corporation as a subsidiary to sell their software to customers worldwide, while they intend the PLC to continue selling to domestic Indian customers.
In this case, the ultimate economic goal of the enterprise is to allocate much of the profits to where the value creation happens, which, since the software is actually produced in India, should be India. This will let the Indian PLC pay its expenses (including payroll for the engineering team), compensate the founders, and produce profits that will go to the founders or (likely local) investors. The enterprise accordingly wants to leave an amount in the US entity proportionate to the work performed by it.
There are a variety of ways to accomplish this. One is by making the US entity a reseller of the PLC's software. The company will exhaustively document that they researched reseller arrangements. Let's assume, hypothetically, that the result of this research was that unrelated resellers typically received 20%. They will then have the US entity sign a formal reseller agreement with the PLC, obligating it to pay 80% of the billings it charges customers for the software that the PLC developed.
That fee enters the Indian PLC as revenue, after which it is netted against the expenses (payroll, servers, etc.) of the Indian entity and taxed by India.
The remaining 20% of sales stay in the US corporation. The business applies some of them to the required costs to operate the US corporation, such as accounting fees, lawyer fees (for contract negotiation, etc.), bank fees, and the like. This will result in the US entity earning a modest profit; that profit is taxed by the United States. The post-tax profit can be sent to the C corporation's parent company, where it may or may not be taxed, or it can be kept in the US for the time being, to be later deployed in e.g., expanding the US operation, purchasing US-based assets on the behalf of the US company, or similar.
Sales of physical products through a US company taking investment
Suppose we have founders in Hong Kong who make iPhone cases locally, with the intention of distributing them internationally. They might choose to take investment. If their investors are from Silicon Valley, their investors will likely require them to establish a Delaware C corporation to invest in.
In this case, the ultimate goal of the enterprise is to first transfer funds from the United States to Hong Kong, use those funds to establish a manufacturing operation, and then sell the products of their operation through the US entity.
The first part of this would be the US entity contracting with the company in Hong Kong for professional services—design, branding, etc. This would provide adequate justification for paying the company enough money to get up and running. This is recorded as revenue by the Hong Kong company and an expense by the US company.
The operation in Hong Kong then begins producing iPhone cases. It will sell them to the US company, which will sell them worldwide. Here, the company would prefer to sell them at the lowest possible price (because that raises the profits of the US entity, which will please the US investors), but compliance considerations will have them pricing in line with other manufacturers of goods sold at retail in the US. It could, for example, end up that the wholesale price (paid by the US company to Hong Kong company) would be 40% of retail. The company would, again, exhaustively document their rationale for this pricing and show it on invoices or bills of shipping etc. between the two companies.
This will likely leave the Hong Kong company with a modest profit (from services work and iPhone cases sold wholesale, which gets taxed in Hong Kong). The US company will have paid for the services work and wholesale cases, then sold the cases on at a (higher) retail price (through its website or other channel), hopefully earning a profit. The profit is taxed in the US; after taxes, it is possible that dividends would flow to the investors or owners of the company.
Some not-so-obvious observations here:
The company had the choice of selling the cases through the Hong Kong entity or the US entity. Why sell through the US entity? The primary reason will be that the investors are investing in the hopes of owning the value that the company produces, so the company will organize to keep most value in the US entity—it will own the brand, designs, and commercial relationships, and "just" have the Hong Kong entity do the actual work on its behalf.
Would it be safe to run this example in the other direction? It would be markedly riskier. In general, transfer pricing that functions to recognize revenue in high-tax jurisdiction, rather than a low-tax jurisdiction, is not scrutinized very closely. Transfer pricing that functions to recognize the revenue in a low-tax jurisdiction, on the other hand, more often gets thoroughly investigated. The corporate tax rate in Hong Kong is less than half of the rate in the United States; the IRS, accordingly, might assume that a US entity paying a related Hong Kong entity might be doing it for tax optimization purposes rather than for legitimate economic reasons. This doesn't make it impossible, just harder to justify; one of the reasons to have accountants is to get a good sense of what the risk of a given tax position is and then make a business decision on how much to optimize for tax savings versus tax risk.
Transfer pricing can get very complicated, particularly as corporate structuring gets more complicated, the types of transactions start getting complicated (multiparty, multination financial transactions are much harder to account for than simply selling an iPhone case), and the size of the business increases.
An enterprise doing millions of dollars of revenue will likely need to have their transfer pricing strategy designed or redesigned by accountants specializing in their industry. That said, even smaller businesses should document their transfer pricing position; not having documentation would make it very difficult to avoid penalties if the IRS were to examine you and take issue with your transfer pricing.
Enforcement actions disproportionately target larger players (because tax agencies understand that large players are where the money is).
This shouldn't scare you—the IRS, like most tax agencies, is quite reasonable and simply wants to be paid an amount consistent with your responsibilities under the law. If you have a good-faith disagreement with the IRS, it will be resolved in the ordinary course of business by your professional advisors. This is fairly infrequent and overwhelmingly not likely to be the reason one's business fails; concentrate your efforts on making something people love and selling it effectively. You can, and should, hire accountants to worry about these sorts of things for you.
"Audit" is a scary word for many entrepreneurs. It shouldn't be.
An audit is simply a formal inquiry by a taxation agency into the correctness of information on your tax return. The overwhelming majority of audits are "correspondence audits"—the tax agency simply sends you a letter, generally because a computer compared informational returns to your filed tax return and noted a possible discrepancy. Your response to correspondence audits will generally be written by your accountant, but it is likely to be relatively simple. (Often, the issue can be explained away in a single paragraph.)
The IRS will sometimes select returns for more detailed examination. You should absolutely, positively have professional representation if selected for one of these audits; they can be quite stressful and distracting from running the business, even though they are not—if you are filing accurate returns from a well-organized business—an emergency.
These audits will generally require an in-person visit, either at the IRS's local office or at your office. (The IRS maintains offices in US embassies worldwide for the purpose of international taxation issues. Their staff are typically small, so they have to be very selective in audit activity, but you should nonetheless file accurate returns in a timely fashion.)
In the event of an audit, your accountant or tax attorney will instruct you as to your response. You should follow their advice to the letter; this is what you're paying them for. Some things that naively might seem like a great idea, like providing the IRS with all financial data from your business, may delay the resolution of the audit or overly complicate things, for example, by causing examination of parts of the business that were not originally in the scope of the audit.
Audits are rare, particularly of smaller companies. You should know that they are a possibility if you run a business, but they are just that—a possibility of a relatively routine encounter between your business and the government. You should treat the possibility like a responsible professional: hire an accountant, file honest returns, retain information in an organized fashion, and spend your time worrying about growing the business rather than worrying about the unlikely event of an audit. Should you actually be audited, you will again treat it like a responsible professional: call in your accountant or tax attorney and follow their instructions.
Tax is a moving target
Accounting is a deep field, much like software development or marketing. One similarity is that the core of the profession is fundamentally the same from year to year. Another similarity is that things still change constantly.
There is a worldwide interest in tax reform right now. Tax agencies are still wrangling with getting their heads around the internet, and consequential changes affecting the positions of internet businesses could happen at any time.
Just like you wouldn't set your marketing or technical strategy once and then forget it, you'll want to work with your tax advisors on (minimally) a yearly basis to ensure that the way you have structured things is still compliant and still in your best interests.
Sometimes you'll even get unexpected good news. For example, when the author of this guide started his business, he was double-taxed by the social security systems of two countries on the same income. A few years into the business, they signed a Totalization Agreement, which allowed him (and similarly situated businesses) to pay only to the system of his country of residence. This was a material savings, available due to a change in law, which he would have missed had he not routinely reviewed his tax strategy with a professional.
This guide is not intended to and does not constitute legal or tax advice, recommendations, mediation, or counseling under any circumstance. This guide and your use thereof does not create an attorney-client relationship with Stripe, Orrick, or PwC. The guide solely represents the thoughts of the author and is neither endorsed by nor does it necessarily reflect Orrick's belief. Orrick does not warrant or guarantee the accurateness, completeness, adequacy, or currency of the information in the guide. You should seek the advice of a competent attorney or accountant licensed to practice in your jurisdiction for advice on your particular problem.


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Off-road vehicle insurance to protect your lifestyle and what matters most.
Your off-road vehicle needs protection that's different from what your auto or homeowners insurance can provide. We'll help keep you and your off-road vehicle safe and secure while you explore.
Off-road vehicles are not typically covered by home or auto policies.
If you assume your off-road vehicle is already covered by your existing homeowners or car insurance policies, you're in for a big surprise. Many homeowners policies exclude ATVs, dirt bikes, snowmobiles, and the like, so you could be out of pocket if your vehicle is stolen or damaged. Additionally, standard auto insurance policies typically won't cover such vehicles, given the unique risks of driving off-road.
Policies can be customized to your off-road vehicle and usage.
A specialty off-road vehicle insurance policy will usually be custom-made for your off-road vehicle and the way you use it. As with ordinary car or truck insurance, you can choose from several components.
What does off-road insurance cover?
Collision coverage pays out for the damage to your off-road vehicle, whether you collide with another vehicle or an obstacle like a fence or tree. Bodily injury and property damage liability components cover you against costs you must pay to other people if you and your vehicle are responsible for the damage. Comprehensive coverage can be obtained to protect you from the costs associated with the loss or damage of your off-road vehicle if it's stolen or damaged by severe weather or natural disaster.
Factors to consider when covering your off-road vehicle.
To keep costs lower, consider a policy with a limited mileage allowance each year. You may also be eligible for discounts if you complete a safety course.
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Shortly after a collection of memorial stones caught Adrienne Kloecker-Kalivoda's eye at a funeral directors convention last fall, the Kloecker Funeral Home and Crematory, Inc. in Erie, Pennsylvania, made an addition to its service offerings.
Kloecker, an ERIE commercial Customer, became one of more than 600 funeral homes to partner with Parting Stone, a company that turns cremated remains into polished stones for survivors to remember loved ones.
Though it represents only a sliver of Kloecker's business, the alternative to traditional burials reflects a shifting market seeking new forms of remembrance.
"There are various reasons people approach funerals differently," said Randy Anderson, former president of the National Funeral Directors Association. "I think the biggest reasons are economical, environmental and embracing having a personal choice."
And while some alternatives to conventional funerals, like green funerals and liquid cremation, have gained popularity on the fringes, other trends have become part of the mainstream.
Cremation Surges
Long lagging behind traditional burials, cremation became the top choice in 2015, chosen by more than half of families by 2022, according to the NFDA, with cremation rates predicted to continue rising.
"Cremation kind of hits all the points that people are looking for," Kloecker-Kalivoda said. "It's less expensive, it's more environmentally friendly and you get more personalization."
According to a 2021 NFDA study, the median price of a cremation funeral and viewing is $6,970 while a funeral with a viewing and a burial in a vault totals $9,420. And while cost is certainly a key driver, cultural factors also play a significant role in the trend toward cremation.
Some religions long restricted cremation but have loosened rules around the practice. In addition, many people—regardless of religious affiliation—are seeking alternatives to traditional funeral ceremonies.
New Traditions
The cremation boom has made "celebrations of life" popular ways of remembering those who have passed. These ceremonies, tending to be more informal and taking place outside of traditional funeral settings, often take on a more celebratory tone.
"People take the cremated remains to a meaningful place, where they maybe share memories or have dinner and laugh and cry together," Kloecker-Kalivoda said.
While funeral rituals have shifted for decades—viewing hours have been decreasing for years, for example— the COVID-19 pandemic further accelerated change.
When early pandemic restrictions limited gatherings, funerals were one of many events that took virtual form. Livestreaming funerals, once rare, became the norm.
The trend stuck. Many funeral homes, including Kloecker, now offer livestreaming as standard, opening funeral viewing to remote audiences.
Looking Ahead
The pandemic also prompted more people to think about their own mortality. Funeral pre-planning has gained popularity in recent years, according to Anderson, who operates Radney Funeral Home in Alexander City, Alabama.
"Having talked to those in the industry around the country, there's more interest in (preplanning)," he said. "I think a large part of that is due to potential economic concerns, as well as the peace of mind it offers. I've never had someone say they regretted preplanning."
Preplanning can also offer locked rates as well as ease the emotional decision-making that comes with a loved one's death.
While preplanning can help remove uncertainty for future funerals, predicting what types of rituals will be fashionable in future years might prove more challenging. Funeral customs are changing, and practices are likely to continue taking different forms in the years ahead.
But experts stress that the value of celebrating those who have died will remain.
"The gathering of people, the funeral, all the things we do are so important to the grieving process," Kloecker- Kalivoda said. "So, even when people say, 'I want cremation and I don't want visiting hours,' that's fine, but I always tell them it's important to do something to remember."
Cover Final Expenses with Erie Family Life
Death is a certainty for all of us, but the ability to commemorate our lives isn't necessarily guaranteed. That's what makes final expense coverage offered by Erie Family Life Insurance Company so valuable.
Final expense coverage is available with a whole life policy, and its proceeds can cover funeral costs as well as estate fees, unpaid debt and more.
Getting a policy for final expenses doesn't have to be difficult. ERIExpress Life, life insurance designed with simplicity in mind, offers a whole life option that you can apply for through a straightforward application process with a faster review time.
Your ERIE Agent can walk you through some additional advantages of purchasing a policy for final expense coverage. Give them a call to discuss your options.
ERIE® life insurance products and services are provided by Erie Family Life Insurance Company (home office: Erie, Pennsylvania). Erie Family Life Insurance Company is not licensed to operate in all states. Go to erieinsurance.com for company licensure information. The insurance products described in this story are in effect as of June 2023 and may be changed at any time. Insurance products are subject to terms, conditions and exclusions not described in this story. The policy contains the specific details of the coverages, terms, conditions and exclusions. The insurance products and services described in this story are not offered in all states. ERIE life insurance products are not available in New York. Eligibility will be determined at the time of application based upon applicable underwriting guidelines and rules in effect at that time.
ERIExpress Life application contains medical questions. All applications are subject to underwriting approval, and certain health conditions may require a fully underwritten life policy instead.
ERIE® insurance products and services are provided by one or more of the following insurers: Erie Insurance Exchange, Erie Insurance Company, Erie Insurance Property & Casualty Company, Flagship City Insurance Company and Erie Family Life Insurance Company (home offices: Erie, Pennsylvania) or Erie Insurance Company of New York (home office: Rochester, New York). The companies within the Erie Insurance Group are not licensed to operate in all states. Refer to the company licensure and states of operation information.
The insurance products and rates, if applicable, described in this blog are in effect as of July 2022 and may be changed at any time.
Insurance products are subject to terms, conditions and exclusions not described in this blog. The policy contains the specific details of the coverages, terms, conditions and exclusions.
The insurance products and services described in this blog are not offered in all states. ERIE life insurance and annuity products are not available in New York. ERIE Medicare supplement products are not available in the District of Columbia or New York. ERIE long term care products are not available in the District of Columbia and New York.
Eligibility will be determined at the time of application based upon applicable underwriting guidelines and rules in effect at that time.
Your ERIE agent can offer you practical guidance and answer questions you may have before you buy.
Article originally posted on www.erieinsurance.com(opens in new tab)
A better insurance experience starts with ERIE.
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Fabric:Cotton and linen
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Sizing Tip:
Dear customer, because of the clothing has made of different designed with. Please make sure that our size chart details match you before placing an order.
If you need assistance selecting a size, we suggest checking the measurements on the individual product page for the specific item you are interested in, as our stylists ensure to hand measure each size.
Ⓐ BUST - Measure the circumference of the fullest part of your chest.
Ⓑ WAIST -Measure where your waistline naturally creases when bending to one side.
Ⓒ RISE - Measure from the top of the waistband to the bottom of the crotch seam.
Ⓓ HIPS - Measure, with feet together, the circumference of the fullest part of your hips +bottom.
Ⓔ LENGTH - Measure from the waistband to the outside hemline.
Ⓕ INSEAM - Measure from the bottom of the crotch seam to the inside hemline.
HIGH RISE - Waistband sits at or above the navel.
MID RISE -Waistband sits just below the navel.
LOW RISE - Waistband sits 2" or more below navel.
Please note: Due to OML' s annual celebration, all staff is on vocation. We only accept orders but not ship From January 10th to January 29th. Please do not worry, your order will be shipped on January 30th according to the order of order. Sorry for any inconvenience caused.
💖Buy 3 Get 15% Off Code: NEW15
💖Over 3 Get 18% Off, Code: NEW18
💖Buy 2 Get 12% Off, Code: NEW12
❤Free Standard Shipping Over $79 (More Shipping Details)
- If you received a damaged or defective item, please contact us within 10 days from the delivery date of your order.


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Welcome to Pest Control Thirteenth Street Heights, your ultimate destination for all your pest control needs. With our expert team and state-of-the-art techniques, we are dedicated to ensuring a pest-free environment for your homes and businesses. Say goodbye to unwanted guests with our reliable and effective pest control services. Trust us to protect your property and provide you with peace of mind. Let's keep your space clean, safe, and pest-free!
Ensuring a Pest-Free Environment in Thirteenth Street Heights: Top Pest Control Solutions for Homeowners
Ensuring a Pest-Free Environment in Tampa: Top Pest Control Solutions for Homeowners
When it comes to maintaining a clean and healthy living environment, pest control is of utmost importance. Thirteenth Street Heights, Florida, with its warm climate and abundant greenery, is no stranger to pest-related challenges. Thankfully, there are several effective solutions available to homeowners in the area.
Regular inspections are vital in preventing a full-blown infestation. Engaging the services of a professional pest control company can provide homeowners with peace of mind. These experts have the knowledge and experience to detect any signs of pests early on and take appropriate measures.
One of the most common pests in Thirteenth Street Heights is the cockroach. These resilient creatures can be found in homes throughout the city. To combat roaches, it is crucial to maintain a clean and tidy living environment. Regularly clean floors, wipe down countertops, and promptly address any food spills. Additionally, sealing cracks and crevices in walls and cabinets can prevent them from entering your home.
Ants are another prevalent pest issue in Tampa. To deter ants from invading your home, eliminate their food sources by keeping all food properly sealed and stored. Regularly clean up crumbs and spills, especially in kitchen areas. It can also be helpful to seal off entry points by caulking or using weatherstripping.
Mosquitoes are a common nuisance in Tampa due to the humid climate. To reduce their population, eliminate any standing water around your property. Empty flower pots, bird baths, and gutters regularly to prevent mosquitoes from breeding. Using mosquito repellents and installing screens on doors and windows are also effective measures to protect your living space.
Bed bugs have become a growing concern in recent years, not just in Thirteenth Street Heights, but worldwide. If you suspect a bed bug infestation, it is crucial to seek professional help immediately. These pests can reproduce rapidly and are notoriously difficult to eliminate without proper treatment.
In conclusion, maintaining a pest-free environment in Tampa requires diligence and proactive measures. Regular inspections and professional pest control services are essential in preventing infestations. By implementing proper hygiene practices and addressing pest issues promptly, homeowners can ensure a clean and healthy living space for themselves and their families.
Frequent questions
What are some effective pest control methods specifically for the Thirteenth Street Heights area?
Pest Control Methods for the Tampa Area
1. Regular Inspection: Conduct routine inspections of your property to identify any signs of pests or potential entry points. This allows you to catch infestations early and take appropriate measures.
2. Exclusion: Seal all gaps, cracks, and openings in your home's exterior to prevent pests from entering. Pay close attention to areas around doors, windows, vents, and utility lines.
3. Proper Sanitation: Keep your living space clean and free of potential food sources for pests. Store food in tightly sealed containers, promptly clean up spills, and regularly dispose of garbage in sealed containers.
4. Yard Maintenance: Trim trees, bushes, and shrubs away from your home's exterior to prevent pests from using them as access points. Remove standing water sources and remove debris where pests can hide.
5. Pest-Resistant Landscaping: Choose plants that are less attractive to pests and strategically place them around your property. Consult with a local nursery or landscaper for advice on pest-resistant plants suitable for the Tampa area.
6. Professional Pest Control Services: Consider hiring a licensed pest control company in Thirteenth Street Heights. They have the expertise, tools, and treatments necessary to effectively eliminate pests from your property and prevent future infestations.
7. Mosquito Control: Given Tampa's warm climate, mosquitoes can be a common nuisance. Implement mosquito control measures such as removing standing water, using mosquito repellents, and installing screens on windows and doors.
8. Termite Prevention: Termites are prevalent in the Tampa area. Protect your home by having regular termite inspections and consider installing termite baiting systems or using preventive treatments.
Remember, it is important to consult with a professional pest control service in Tampa to customize a pest management plan based on your specific needs and the local pest species prevalent in your area.
Are there any natural or eco-friendly pest control options available in Thirteenth Street Heights?
Yes, there are natural and eco-friendly pest control options available in Tampa. These methods focus on using organic and non-toxic products to control pests while minimizing harm to the environment. Some eco-friendly pest control options include:
– Biological controls: This involves introducing natural predators or parasites to control the pest population. For example, ladybugs can be released to control aphids.
– Organic pest control products: There are several organic pest control products available that are made from natural ingredients such as essential oils, botanical extracts, and microbial agents.
– Integrated Pest Management (IPM): IPM is a comprehensive approach to pest control that combines multiple strategies including prevention, monitoring, and the use of least-toxic methods. It aims to minimize the use of chemical pesticides.
– Physical barriers: Installing barriers such as screens, netting, or fences can help prevent pests from entering your property.
It's important to note that while natural and eco-friendly options can be effective, they may require more frequent applications or additional control measures compared to traditional chemical pesticides. Consulting with a professional pest control company that specializes in eco-friendly methods can provide the best solution for your specific pest problem.
How can I prevent pests from entering my home in Thirteenth Street Heights, and what steps should I take if I notice an infestation?
To prevent pests from entering your home in Tampa, there are several steps you can take:
1. Seal all cracks and entry points: Inspect your home for any cracks or gaps in windows, doors, walls, and foundation. Seal these openings using caulk or weatherstripping to prevent pests from entering.
2. Maintain a clean environment: Pests are attracted to food and water sources. Keep your kitchen and dining areas clean, promptly dispose of garbage, and store food in airtight containers. Regularly clean spills and crumbs, and avoid leaving dirty dishes overnight.
3. Trim vegetation near your home: Overhanging branches and shrubs close to your house can act as bridges and provide easy access for pests. Trim trees and bushes away from your exterior walls and roof to prevent pests from using them as entry points.
4. Inspect and seal utility openings: Check utility lines, such as pipes and wires, for any gaps or openings. Use appropriate sealants, like steel wool or caulk, to seal these entry points.
5. Store firewood away from your house: If you have a fireplace or use firewood for other purposes, store it at least 20 feet away from your home. Pests like termites are attracted to wood and can easily move from a woodpile to your house.
If you notice an infestation, it is best to contact a professional pest control service in Thirteenth Street Heights. They have the knowledge, experience, and tools to effectively identify the pest problem and provide targeted treatments. Trying to handle an infestation on your own may not fully eliminate the pests and could potentially worsen the situation.
In conclusion, Pest Control Thirteenth Street Heights is an essential service for residents and businesses in the area. With the expertise of professional pest control experts, the city can effectively address and eliminate a wide range of pest issues. Whether it's dealing with termites, ants, mosquitoes, or any other pests, Tampa offers top-notch pest control solutions tailored to the specific needs of its residents. By investing in regular pest control services, individuals can protect their homes, families, and businesses from the harmful effects of pests. Remember, prevention is key, so don't hesitate to reach out to the trusted Pest Control Thirteenth Street Heights providers to keep your surroundings pest-free all year round.


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