text:
Obama vows to flex presidential powers in speech
Published 12:00 am Wednesday, January 29, 2014
WASHINGTON (AP) — Seeking to energize his sluggish second term, President Barack Obama vowed Tuesday night in his State of the Union address to sidestep Congress "whenever and wherever" necessary to narrow economic disparities between rich and poor. He unveiled an array of modest executive actions to increase the minimum wage for federal contract workers and make it easier for millions of low-income Americans to save for retirement.
"America does not stand still and neither do I," Obama declared in his prime-time address before a joint session of Congress and millions of Americans watching on television.
Draped in presidential grandeur, Obama's address served as the opening salvo in a midterm election fight for control of Congress that will quickly consume Washington's attention. Democrats, seeking to cast Republicans as uncaring about the middle class, have urged Obama to focus on economic mobility and the gap between the wealthy and poor. His emphasis on executive actions was greeted with shouts of "Do it!" from many members of his party.
Declaring 2104 a "year of action," Obama also sought to convince an increasingly skeptical public that he still wields power in Washington even if he can't crack through the divisions in Congress. Burned by a series of legislative failures in 2013, White House aides say they're now redefining success not by what Obama can jam through Congress but by what actions he can take on his own.
Indeed, Obama's proposals for action by lawmakers were slim and largely focused on old ideas that have gained little traction over the past year. He pressed Congress to revive a stalled immigration overhaul, pass an across-the-board increase in the federal minimum wage and expand access to early childhood education — all ideas that gained little traction after he proposed them last year. The president's one new legislation proposal calls for expanding an income tax credit for workers without children.
Republicans, who saw their own approval ratings fall further in 2013, have also picked up the refrain of income inequality in recent months, though they have cast the widening gap between rich and poor as a symptom of Obama's economic policies.
"Republicans have plans to close the gap, plans that focus on jobs first without more spending, government bailouts and red tape," said Rep. Cathy McMorris Rodgers, R-Wash., in the Republicans' televised response to the president's speech.
The economy and other domestic issues, including health care, dominated the president's address. He touched only briefly on foreign policy, touting the drawdown of American troops from Afghanistan this year and reiterating his threat to veto any new sanctions Congress might levy on Iran while nuclear negotiations with the Islamic republic are underway.
Even as Washington increasingly focuses on income inequality, many parts of the economy are gaining strength, with corporate profits soaring and the financial markets hitting record highs. But with millions of Americans still out of work or struggling with stagnant wages, Obama has found himself in the sometimes awkward position of promoting a recovery that feels distant for many.
"The cold, hard fact is that even in the midst of recovery, too many Americans are working more than ever just to get by, let alone get ahead," Obama said. "And too many still aren't working at all."
The president garnered some of his loudest applause — at least from Democrats — when he took on lawmakers who oppose his signature health care law, which floundered in its initial rollout last fall. Obama said that while he doesn't expect to convince Republicans on the merits of the law, "I know that the American people aren't interested in refighting old battles."
The president's speech drew an eclectic mix of visitors to the House chamber. Among those sitting with first lady Michelle Obama were two survivors of the Boston Marathon bombing, as well as Jason Collins, an openly gay former NBA player. Republican House Speaker John Boehner brought business owners from his home state of Ohio who say Obama's health care overhaul is hurting their companies. Willie Robertson, a star of the television show "Duck Dynasty," also scored a seat in the House gallery, courtesy of the Republicans.
Though Obama sought to emphasize his presidential powers, there are stark limits to what he can do on his own. For example, he unilaterally can raise the minimum hourly wage for new federal contractors from $7.25 to $10.10, as he announced, but he'll need Congress in order to extend that increase to all of America's workers.
The executive order for contractors, which Obama will sign in the coming weeks, is limited in its scope. It will not affect existing federal contracts, only new ones, and then only if other terms of an agreement change.
Republicans quickly panned the executive initiative as ineffective. Said Boehner: "The question is how many people, Mr. President, will this executive action actually help? I suspect the answer is somewhere close to zero."
White House officials countered by saying many more working people would benefit if Congress would go along with Obama's plan to raise the minimum wage across the board.
"Give America a raise," Obama declared.
Among the president's other executive initiatives is a plan to help workers whose employers don't offer retirement savings plans. The program would allow first-time savers to start building up savings in Treasury bonds that eventually could be converted into traditional IRAs. Obama is expected to promote the "starter" accounts during a trip to Pittsburgh on Wednesday.
The president also announced new commitments from companies to consider hiring the long-term unemployed, the creation of four "manufacturing hubs" where universities and businesses would work together to develop and train workers, new incentives to encourage truckers to switch from dirtier fuels to natural gas or other alternatives and a proposed tax credit to promote the adoption of cars that can run on cleaner fuels, such as hydrogen, natural gas or biofuels.
The president's go-it-alone strategy is in many ways an acknowledgment that he has failed to make good on two major promises to the American people: that he would change Washington's hyper-partisanship and that his re-election would break the Republican "fever" and clear the way for congressional action on major initiatives.
Some Republicans have warned that the president's focus on executive orders could backfire by angering GOP leaders who already don't trust the White House.
Obama isn't abandoning Congress completely. He made a renewed pitch for legislation to overhaul the nation's fractured immigration laws, perhaps his best opportunity for signing significant legislation this year. But the odds remain long, with many Republicans staunchly opposed to Obama's plan for creating a pathway to citizenship for the 11 million people already in the U.S. illegally.
Seeking to give the GOP some room to maneuver, Obama did not specifically call for a citizenship pathway Tuesday, saying only, "Let's get it done. It's time."
Opening a new front with Congress, the president called for an extension of the earned-income tax credit, which helps boost the wages of low-income families through tax refunds. Obama wants it broadened so that it provides more help than it does now to workers without children, a view embraced by some Republicans and conservative economists.
Obama singled out Republican Sen. Marco Rubio of Florida, who has proposed replacing the tax credit with a federal wage supplement for workers in certain low-paying jobs. Unlike Obama, however, Republicans have suggested expanding the tax credit as an alternative to increasing the minimum wage.
Pivoting briefly to foreign policy, Obama reaffirmed that the U.S.-led war in Afghanistan will formally conclude at the end of this year. But he said a small contingent of American forces could be left behind if the Afghan government quickly signs a bilateral security agreement, a prospect that looks increasingly uncertain.
The president also warned lawmakers in both parties against passing new economic sanctions against Iran while the U.S. and international partners are holding nuclear negotiations with the Islamic republic. He renewed his commitment to veto sanctions legislation if it passes, arguing that a new round of penalties would upend the sensitive diplomacy.


text: We provide toys and games to create a new dream world. We are designing, developing and manufacturing high quality, innovative toys and games around the world. We are leading game innovators recognized for our creative products, high caliber and commitment to those with whom we do business. We offer the highest quality products that bring people together to learn and create.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
- 1870 Hwy 35, Middletown, NJ 07748
Red Princess
12RR"Reach out to loved ones in Cambodia with FTD's overseas delivery service. Whether you're having breakfast in London or dinner in New York, order a hand-tied bouquet for international delivery with just a few clicks. Our florists in Cambodia will then create your floral gift and deliver it with a smile. Whilst we try to show you the style of gifts available, the flower content and style will vary to ensure we deliver the very best gift we can. Please note, it is essential that a contact telephone number for the recipient is provided. Size may vary Your purchase includes a complimentary personalized gift message. "
All items featured on this site represent the types of arrangements we offer and may vary depending upon availability in certain regions. Substitution Policy


text:
Man With Book Sitting In Chair Circa 1915 George Eastman House Collection Via Flickr Commons |
Working my way through the list of suggested themes included with the comments to Sepia Saturday 109 I get to LINDA of the delightful blog THE PAPER COLLECTOR and from her list of possible suggestions I choose one of my very favourite subjects - BOOKS. As a theme, perhaps it is a little more challenging than the likes of dolls and dogs, but remember, you can interpret the theme with all the ingenuity you can muster. Pictures of books, pictures from books, books of pictures .... the possible list is as long as your imagination and knowing my Sepia Saturday contributors as I do, I know that is as long as a ten volume encyclopedia.


text:
5 Most Common Mistakes New Managers Make
There are so many elements today in our lives that make things more and more hectic by the day, and there hardly
seems to be any respite from the constantly mounting pressures and tough competition to stay ahead of everybody,
plan for the future, etc. However, this has also led to rising stress-related issues, blood pressure, etc. While
one cannot simply sit at home to avoid all this, a bit of humor has always helped in bringing cheer to one's day.
Yes, it is true. Just one good joke in a day can actually relieve a high amount of stress, and make your hormones
come to their normal levels despite all the anxiety and pressures of the professional life. Think of it this way,
has not there been a day when you were told a joke by a friend or relative on the phone or via SMS, and you kept
on thinking about the same throughout the day, and had a great, stress-free working experience. You might also
have spread the cheer by telling the joke to your colleagues, thereby also brightening their day and bringing
some laughter in their lives. Is not this proof enough of what a great joke can do to your entire day?
Presently, there are many sources from where one can get funny jokes, with the best one being the internet.
Clearly, there are quite a few of those who like to share their humorous side online, which is visible from the
great compilation of jokes that are available online. There are many kinds of redhead jokes, lawyer jokes, doctor
jokes, and so on, giving you ample variety in terms of choosing the kind of laugh you want to have according to
your taste.
But one thing that must be kept in mind is that these jokes are completely in the spirit of humor, and should be
taken sportingly, and not personally. Remember, it takes only 7 muscles to smile, and 32 to frown, and the former
always gets a better reaction from the other person.


text:
Insulink Insurance & Financial Services Inc
(972) 312-1400(972) 312-1400
About Our Insurance Agents
We are an authorized, independent Mercury Insurance Agency offering low rates and dedicated service for car insurance in PLANO, Texas. We want to make sure you get every discount possible and can help walk you through any questions you may have on Texas Insurance.
Our Products
Car Insurance
Home Insurance
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Texas driving - what you need to know.
From South Padre Island to the Caprock Canyons, there's nothing quite like road tripping in The Lone Star State. If you love exploring Texas, you've come to the right place to protect yourself while you're on the road.
Though everything else tends to be big in Lone Star, the amount you pay for Texas car insurance from Mercury won't be. Whether you're from Houston, San Antonio, Dallas or any other city in the state, Mercury offers consistently low rates, various discounts and personalized local coverage to meet your needs and fulfill Texas' mandatory auto insurance laws.
See for yourself by calling (972) 312-1400 today!


text:
Officially Licensed Item
Childs Play - Kanji [Mens Shirt]
Made To Order Item Information
This Clothing Item Is A Made To Order Item. This Item Is Printed Or Restocked Directly For Your Purchase.Clothing Size Charts Are Listed As Estimate Sizing Only. Exact Sizing Will Vary Depending On License - Design - Or Print Shop Requirements.
All Clothing Items And Drinkware Items are considered "Made To Order" items as they are directly printed for your purchase - and put into production once your purchase is placed. As these items are printed at different times, different origin print shops (within the US) and have different license requirements for production - exact ship times will vary and exact delivery dates are not guaranteed at any point.
As these items are made directly for your purchase, they will take at least 14-24 business days (business days do not include weekends or holidays) before they are able to ship. Most designs will ship within this time frame, but exact ship dates will vary per design and origin print shop.
Once these items are purchased, these items are not able to be exchanged, cancelled or otherwise modified as they are directly shipped or dropshipped from multiple locations (within the US) and directly for your purchase. All Sales Are Final. Discounts, refunds, or cancellations are not available if there are any delays to any items - at any time, for any reason - within 60 days from purchase.
Please visit size charts listed per shirt for further information regarding shirt sizing as all blanks will vary per license, design and origin print shop (within the US). All clothing designs are subject to change and slight color shifts may apply depending on the color settings on your device. These designs may also include small distressed patterns to help prevent the design from cracking. These are not print errors and are not able to be replaced or exchanged due to slight color shifts, or distress patterns within the design.
All clothing items are cotton based, exact brand blanks will vary depending on the license or printshop requirement. We are not able to offer any direct brands per purchase and are not able to modify print placements or shirt colors that they are printed on other than directly shown.
Childs Play - Kanji [Mens Shirt]


text:
OK Google San Francisco Plumbing 90
OK Google San Francisco Plumbing
[wpu_silo links='10']
[wpu_silo excerpt='true' links='10']
When it comes to drain, sewer, or plumbing problems in the San Francisco area, we the solution.
At San Francisco Plumbing we're focused on providing our services with the highest standard of quality at a fair affordable price. We also believe every customer deserves friendly and prompt service, especially since we know drain, sewer, and plumbing problems often bring our customers a lot of stress. San Francisco Plumbing is determined to provide all our services with the highest quality, fairest price, and best attitude so that our San Francisco area customers know they can relax as soon as they give us a call.
When your plumbing's wrong, everything's wrong! Or at least it can feel that way.
By the same token, nothing can salvage an otherwise bad plumbing experience like prompt and professional plumbing services from San Francisco Plumbing…voted Best of San Francisco for the past 10 years running.
From a faucet that won't stop leaking to clogged drains, cracked pipes, and so much more, San Francisco Plumbing is the one and only plumbing resource you'll ever need.
Add a hot water recirculating pump to your water heater. The pump keeps hot water flowing continuously through your pipes which means the water will be hot as soon as you turn on the faucet. And that means a lot less wasted water.
Your San Francisco Plumbing are Ready for Your Call.
For plumbing jobs large and small San Francisco Plumbing is the only plumbing company throughout the San Francisco area you'll ever need. Featuring 24/7 emergency repairs, guaranteed upfront pricing, and your 100% satisfaction guaranteed. Why not call us now!


text:
One Size Does Not Fit All: We have dog beds and pet beds from XS-XXL. Here are some tips to find out what size your dog is. Please use our easy Size Guide to measure your pup and find the right bed or crate. Be aware, these are approximations. If you have questions, we can help by phone or email. We have over 30 years of dog experience to guide you! For Beds: Measure your dog in in his sleeping position; from nose to the base of the tail. Check the width your dog also. Add a minimum of 5 inches to determine the needed length and width of the bed. Depending on the breed you may need a bit more than that This ensures that your dog doesn't feel as if he's falling off the bed. For Crates: The two most important dog crate dimensions are the height (H) and length (L). Find out how tall they are from their feet to the top of their shoulders, and how long from nose to tail. If your dog has a long tail, include some extra lenght for comfort. Once you have your dog's height and length, add 2-4 inches to the height and the same to the length. These should be the minimum height and length measurements for the crate. For a trained dog give them plenty of comfort space, they need to be able to stand, turn around and get comfy. Puppies are a different subject. |
Sleeping Style:. Does your dog stretch out or curl up when they sleep? Younger dogs tend to curl up more when they sleep because their bodies and spine are more flexible. Older dogs tend to stretch out. If your dog curls up most of the time, make sure you get a bed big enough for her to stretch out if she wants to. Finally: Observe your dog's sleeping habits before you choose your dog's bed. Do they like to curl up in a ball or sprawl out? Do they always tuck themselves in a corner, or do they lay down in the middle of the room? Do they look for the most comfortable cushion they can find, or does your dog flop down anywhere, including the hardwood floor? If your dog likes to stretch out, you may want to consider buying one size larger bed than what is suggested in the "size guide". When in Doubt: Always get the larger size. A bit bigger won't hurt as long as it will fit in your room. Be aware that different manufacturers have different sizing criteria are not the same provided. Look at the dimensions (not the size) listed to double check that you are picking the right size. Again it is better to buy too big than too small. Returns are time-consuming and costly. |


text:
A trio set of diamante huggie hoops from Betty and Biddy. Three huggie hoops of varying sizes made for ear layering. Large, medium and small diamante huggie hoop gold set.
Only three hoops in the pack, each hoop is a different size. Made for one ear.
Material: Sterling Silver/ 14 carat Gold Plated
Size: 2cm
The Betty & Biddy jewellery collections are excellent gifts.
On the cart page, you can click on the checkbox to specify that this is a gift. For all gifts:
- We won't include receipts in the shipping (only e-receipts will be sent to you via email)
- You can add a personal gift message along with the gift.
- You can choose to send the gift in a 'Gift Box' (additional €2.50/box). If you choose 1 gift box then all the items you buy will be sent in a single gift box. If you want to have each item packed in a separate gift box, then please add more than 1 gift box on the cart page.
- If you don't select a gift box along with your gift(s), we will ship all items out in a standard organic cotton logo bag.
Free shipping on orders over 30 Euros
Headquartered in Ireland
Shipping & Packaging
We are based in Dublin, Ireland. We package and ship from here 6 days per week. Monday to Friday (9-5pm) and Saturday (9-11am).
Deliveries within Ireland are taking at present 2-3 days after shipping and to Europe 7-10 days after shipping. Orders to the UK are dispatched via Royal Mail but due to air mail and the new customs checks, deliveries are 5-7 days. All items to the UK are sent 2nd class tracked. The rest of the world can take up to 14 days after shipping. Charges apply for shipping on all orders 30 euro and under. The rates are given upon check out.
Jewellery care
Caring for your Betty and Biddy items is very easy. Follow these simple instructions to prolong your purchases.
1. Do not sleep in your Betty and Biddy items.
2. Avoid perfumes, lotions or excessive products on your items.
3. Avoid swimming pools or showers whilst wearing your jewellery.
4. Wearing your items while playing sports or in the gym can damage them by the natural sweating process of the body.
5. Store your items in a safe space when you take them off, like your Betty and Biddy gift bag.
We offer refunds and exchanges on items as long as they have not been worn and are returned within 28 days. We do not cover the cost of return shipping, registered is advised as if the parcel does not arrive, a refund cannot be issued. The cost of returning items in on the buyer, please be aware of this.
All items should be returned in the original packaging and in the condition they were received.
Please note for hygiene reasons there is strictly no exchange or refund on earrings and no exchange or refund will be given on any items worn. All items are returned to the following: Betty and Biddy, 6c Robinhood Road, Ballymount, Dublin 22. Please email email@example.com prior to returning your items for instructions.
The Betty and Biddy range is vast. The spectrum of materials used varies for each collection. It is mixed between zinc, brass, cubic zircon, copper and sterling silver. Please read the product description of each item. Please note that anyone with sensitives to jewellery, mild or otherwise is advised not to purchase.


text:
[Print version]
skin below: stripped down headers and footers suitable for clean hard copy
link in the toolbar at the top or bottom left of every page. An editing window appears. Type away as in any text editor. Use the Edit help links to get pop-up window help. [Save]
to save your changes.
web, so that's all you need to type on any topic in this web. But to link to TWikiTopics from a topic in the Main
web, you have to type TWiki.TWikiTopics
, e.g. Webname.TopicName
. It's easy.
- pops a new screen for FileAttachments
[Print version]
- shows a stripped down version of the topic without headers and footers suitable for clean hard copy
- generates a page showing every change made to the current topic, with names, dates, and changes made (diffs)
[r3] > [r2] > [r1]
- view most recent revision and changes
- displays all the TWiki topics with links to the current topic
[Raw view]
- displays the source text of the topic
[Raw edit]
- allows you to edit the source text of the topic using TWikiShorthand
[More topic actions]
- opens up a new screen containing additional controls
an edit or (using revision control) go Back whenever you like.
[More topic actions]
on the control strip at the bottom of every page. The access settings for a topic, web or entire site may be disabled for one or more of the three options, depending on your site set-up and access permissions.
[More topic actions] > [Rename/move]
to delete) from the pull-down menu (otherwise, leave on the current web)
to rename and/or move the topic, as well as fixing topics containing backlinks to the renamed topic. [Rename/mov]=
link in topic commands. If you would like to revert to an earlier version, just click on the [More topic actions]
link, at "Restore topic", enter the version number you would like to revert to and click [Restore]
. You get to another edit window, where you can verify (and maybe modify) the required version before saving it.
If you just want to reclaim part of an earlier version, copy from the old topic revision to the current topic revision. This is a step by step set of instructions:
view, take note of what version of the topic you want to reclaim and then return to [View topic]
[More topic actions]
in the topic commands.
[Raw Edit]
from the topic commands.
the topic.


text: For over 30 years, Reform Judaism been committed to welcoming interfaith couples into our community. Interfaith issues impact entire families. Grandparents, parents and children all face challenges posed by differing religions and cultures. The most important thing to remember is that you are not alone. We are here to serve as a resource for you and your extended family.


text:
Lincoln is almost four but still has night time accidents. I have heard a lot of Moms have this issue with their kids. The main complaint is that there isn't anything that works in the cloth world for night time accidents for bigger kids. I always tell them to check out Wunder Unders.
Here is pic of the front inner. There is a small opening in the front and you can see the sewn in insert as well. This helps with daytime accidents.
We had very minor pilly around the edges of the trainer but they were easily picked off and were not an issue.
These pics were taken without the extra inserts added so it looks a little saggy in the butt but there was a great fit. The legs were not too snug and the waist band was perfect for him.


text:
Purinky Products
We are idea generators, goal seekers, challenge-thirsty professionals, creators of unique Internet projects. We deliver unconventional solutions, combining the most advanced web technologies, modern design and bold communication. For us, each project is a meaningful adventure, in which we become partners with our clients, on the road to perfection.
- Client
- Mehmet Armande
- Release Date
- August 16, 2016


text: leave your mark aliza licht Get On The List!Get updates on great books, binge-worthy shows and must watch films. Signup now for the only list you'll ever need! Thank you for subscribing. Something went wrong. I agree to have my personal information transfered to MailChimp ( more information ) I will never give away, trade or sell your email address. You can unsubscribe at any time. Author Recent Posts NatalyaNatalya is an Account Manager by day and an editor and author's assistant to passionate creatives by night. When she is not adding to her enormous book collection or stationery supply, she is catching up on her favorite television shows.Natalya is the author of All The Things I Never Said, a soul-stirring collection of short stories, prose and love letters for the soulful wanderers, the brokenhearted and the hopeless romantics. You can follow her rantings and occasional sparks of brilliance on Twitter @NatalyaMuncuff. Latest posts by Natalya (see all) Review: Kiss of Life by Louise Lennox - July 21, 2021 Release Blitz: Kiss of Life by Louise Lennox - July 13, 2021 Review: The Alpha's Affair by Dria Andersen - June 7, 2021


text:
The Empty Tomb.* 1On the first day of the week,a Mary of Magdala came to the tomb early in the morning, while it was still dark,* and saw the stone removed from the tomb. b 2So she ran* and went to Simon Peter and to the other disciple whom Jesus loved, and told them, "They have taken the Lord from the tomb, and we don't know where they put him." 3* So Peter and the other disciple went out and came to the tomb. 4They both ran, but the other disciple ran faster than Peter and arrived at the tomb first; 5he bent down and saw the burial cloths there, but did not go in. 6c When Simon Peter arrived after him, he went into the tomb and saw the burial cloths* there, 7and the cloth that had covered his head, not with the burial cloths but rolled up in a separate place.d 8Then the other disciple also went in, the one who had arrived at the tomb first, and he saw and believed. 9* e For they did not yet understand the scripture that he had to rise from the dead. 10Then the disciples returned home.
The Appearance to Mary of Magdala.* 11But Mary stayed outside the tomb weeping.f And as she wept, she bent over into the tomb 12and saw two angels in white sitting there, one at the head and one at the feet where the body of Jesus had been. 13And they said to her, "Woman, why are you weeping?" She said to them, "They have taken my Lord, and I don't know where they laid him." 14When she had said this, she turned around and saw Jesus there, but did not know it was Jesus.g 15Jesus said to her, "Woman, why are you weeping? Whom are you looking for?"h She thought it was the gardener and said to him, "Sir, if you carried him away, tell me where you laid him, and I will take him." 16Jesus said to her, "Mary!" She turned and said to him in Hebrew, "Rabbouni,"* which means Teacher. 17Jesus said to her, "Stop holding on to me,* for I have not yet ascended to the Father. But go to my brothers and tell them, 'I am going to my Father and your Father, to my God and your God.'"i 18Mary of Magdala went and announced to the disciples, "I have seen the Lord," and what he told her.
Appearance to the Disciples.* 19On the evening of that first day of the week,j when the doors were locked, where the disciples* were, for fear of the Jews, Jesus came and stood in their midst and said to them, "Peace be with you." 20When he had said this, he showed them his hands and his side.* The disciples rejoiced when they saw the Lord.k 21* [Jesus] said to them again,l "Peace be with you. As the Father has sent me, so I send you." 22* And when he had said this, he breathed on them and said to them,m "Receive the holy Spirit. 23* n Whose sins you forgive are forgiven them, and whose sins you retain are retained."
Thomas. 24Thomas, called Didymus, one of the Twelve, was not with them when Jesus came. 25So the other disciples said to him, "We have seen the Lord." But he said to them, "Unless I see the mark of the nails in his hands and put my finger into the nailmarks and put my hand into his side, I will not believe."o 26Now a week later his disciples were again inside and Thomas was with them. Jesus came, although the doors were locked, and stood in their midst and said, "Peace be with you."p 27Then he said to Thomas, "Put your finger here and see my hands, and bring your hand and put it into my side, and do not be unbelieving, but believe." 28* q Thomas answered and said to him, "My Lord and my God!" 29* Jesus said to him, "Have you come to believe because you have seen me?r Blessed are those who have not seen and have believed."
Conclusion.* 30Now Jesus did many other signs in the presence of [his] disciples that are not written in this book.s 31But these are written that you may [come to] believe that Jesus is the Messiah, the Son of God, and that through this belief you may have life in his name.t
* [20:1–31] The risen Jesus reveals his glory and confers the Spirit. This story fulfills the basic need for testimony to the resurrection. What we have here is not a record but a series of single stories.
* [20:1–10] The story of the empty tomb is found in both the Matthean and the Lucan traditions; John's version seems to be a fusion of the two.
* [20:1] Still dark: according to Mark the sun had risen, Matthew describes it as "dawning," and Luke refers to early dawn. Mary sees the stone removed, not the empty tomb.
* [20:2] Mary runs away, not directed by an angel/young man as in the synoptic accounts. The plural "we" in the second part of her statement might reflect a tradition of more women going to the tomb.
* [20:3–10] The basic narrative is told of Peter alone in Lk 24:12, a verse missing in important manuscripts and which may be borrowed from tradition similar to John. Cf. also Lk 24:24.
* [20:6–8] Some special feature about the state of the burial cloths caused the beloved disciple to believe. Perhaps the details emphasized that the grave had not been robbed.
* [20:9] Probably a general reference to the scriptures is intended, as in Lk 24:26 and 1 Cor 15:4. Some individual Old Testament passages suggested are Ps 16:10; Hos 6:2; Jon 2:1, 2, 10.
* [20:11–18] This appearance to Mary is found only in John, but cf. Mt 28:8–10 and Mk 16:9–11.
* [20:16] Rabbouni: Hebrew or Aramaic for "my master."
* [20:17] Stop holding on to me: see Mt 28:9, where the women take hold of his feet. I have not yet ascended: for John and many of the New Testament writers, the ascension in the theological sense of going to the Father to be glorified took place with the resurrection as one action. This scene in John dramatizes such an understanding, for by Easter night Jesus is glorified and can give the Spirit. Therefore his ascension takes place immediately after he has talked to Mary. In such a view, the ascension after forty days described in Acts 1:1–11 would be simply a termination of earthly appearances or, perhaps better, an introduction to the conferral of the Spirit upon the early church, modeled on Elisha's being able to have a (double) share in the spirit of Elijah if he saw him being taken up (same verb as ascending) into heaven (2 Kgs 2:9–12). To my Father and your Father, to my God and your God: this echoes Ru 1:16: "Your people shall be my people, and your God my God." The Father of Jesus will now become the Father of the disciples because, once ascended, Jesus can give them the Spirit that comes from the Father and they can be reborn as God's children (Jn 3:5). That is why he calls them my brothers.
* [20:19–29] The appearances to the disciples, without or with Thomas (cf. Jn 11:16; 14:5), have rough parallels in the other gospels only for Jn 20:19–23; cf. Lk 24:36–39; Mk 16:14–18.
* [20:19] The disciples: by implication from Jn 20:24 this means ten of the Twelve, presumably in Jerusalem. Peace be with you: although this could be an ordinary greeting, John intends here to echo Jn 14:27. The theme of rejoicing in Jn 20:20 echoes Jn 16:22.
* [20:20] Hands and…side: Lk 24:39–40 mentions "hands and feet," based on Ps 22:17.
* [20:21] By means of this sending, the Eleven were made apostles, that is, "those sent" (cf. Jn 17:18), though John does not use the noun in reference to them (see note on Jn 13:16). A solemn mission or "sending" is also the subject of the post-resurrection appearances to the Eleven in Mt 28:19; Lk 24:47; Mk 16:15.
* [20:22] This action recalls Gn 2:7, where God breathed on the first man and gave him life; just as Adam's life came from God, so now the disciples' new spiritual life comes from Jesus. Cf. also the revivification of the dry bones in Ez 37. This is the author's version of Pentecost. Cf. also the note on Jn 19:30.
* [20:23] The Council of Trent defined that this power to forgive sins is exercised in the sacrament of penance. See Mt 16:19; Mt 18:18.
* [20:28] My Lord and my God: this forms a literary inclusion with the first verse of the gospel: "and the Word was God."
* [20:29] This verse is a beatitude on future generations; faith, not sight, matters.
* [20:30–31] These verses are clearly a conclusion to the gospel and express its purpose. While many manuscripts read come to believe, possibly implying a missionary purpose for John's gospel, a small number of quite early ones read "continue to believe," suggesting that the audience consists of Christians whose faith is to be deepened by the book; cf. Jn 19:35.
a. [20:1–10] Mt 28:1–10; Mk 16:1–11; Lk 24:1–12.
e. [20:9] Acts 2:26–27; 1 Cor 15:4.
g. [20:14] 21:4; Mk 16:12; Lk 24:16; 1 Cor 15:43–44.
j. [20:19–23] Mt 28:16–20; Mk 16:14–18; Lk 24:36–44.
l. [20:21] 17:18; Mt 28:19; Mk 16:15; Lk 24:47–48.
m. [20:22] Gn 2:7; Ez 37:9; 1 Cor 15:45.
r. [20:29] 4:48; Lk 1:45; 1 Pt 1:8.
t. [20:31] 3:14, 15; 1 Jn 5:13.
IV. Epilogue: The Resurrection Appearance in Galilee
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Trusts aren't just for the very wealthy.
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pink and repink
February 23rd, 2007Quoting from Sucking less, on a budget, for reasons that will be obvious to some:
A friend asked me today if Camino 1.1 was even in alpha. Heck, we're on alpha two, but I guess we haven't really done the best job of promoting it. To some extent, that's reasonable, alphas generally aren't the kind of thing you want your grandmother using. However, our standards are usually a little higher than most, and I've been running 1.1a2 daily on both home and work machines for a while.
In fact, we're really close to beta. We wanted to have something for Presidents Day (Abe Lincoln is a *huge* Camino fan) but we extended our deadline to pick up some last minute crash fixes. I promise to blog about it when we do reach beta, and we're going to have an increased presence, both on the Camino website and among download sites. It's important that we get a lot of people to try it out and send us feedback before we go final.
Ben disputes my claim that Camino never crashes. Personally, I think he's on crack. I have 1.1a2 running for over a month and a half of intense usage on both my laptops and my work desktop without a single crash. Maybe it's because I turn Java off. What's Java, you ask? Beats me. I think I used it in 1995. Really, would you allow a 12-year old to run wild in your browser? I think the blink tag is more relevant these days….props to Lou Montulli.
If Pacman Jones can make it rain for $81,000, then I want to be a stripper. Seriously. What's the visual of a man walking into a club with $81,000 in his pocket?
Oh, I'm sorry, did I digress from Mozilla-related content? Oops. I did it again.
(In fact, they did go beta, but that was just today, so you can't expect pink to know yet.)


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This is an editable wedding blanket sign template for wedding, baby shower, or bridal shower. And this template is accessed using the in-browser app, Templett. No installation of any software or fonts is necessary. You'll receive an automated link via email to access your templates within a few minutes after purchase. Download and print at home, your local print shop or online printer.
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OR online printing ☞ https://printsoflove.com/ref/sunshine-wedding-party
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WITH ALL THE AMAZING technology we see today, it's easy to overlook the small wonders of the world—like the toothbrush! This small, but remarkable invention is the staple of our oral hygiene and health. Join us on a journey through time as we explore the way the toothbrush has changed across the ages!
Ancient Civilizations Used Sticks To Clean Their Teeth
Today, we understand the importance oral hygiene plays in our overall health. But even over 5,000 years ago people recognized the need for some type of oral care. Babylonian and Egyptian civilizations around 3500-3000 B.C. made "toothbrushes" by fraying the end of sticks and chewing on them! Later, the Chinese made similar chewing sticks from aromatic tree twigs that were meant to freshen breath. People didn't just use sticks, however. Bird feathers, animal bones and even porcupine quills were used to pick at food debris in the teeth.
The First Toothbrushes Were Made With Pig Hair
The first mention of an actual brush to clean teeth appears in Chinese writings around the 13th century. Bamboo or animal bone was used as the handle of the toothbrush and pig hair formed the bristles. Toothbrushes weren't widely used or produced, however, until a couple hundred years later. Around the year 1780, an Englishman named William Addis was sitting in his prison cell thinking of better ways to clean our teeth than rubbing them with a rag full of soot and salt (yuck!). He carved a handle out of animal bone, made some holes at the top and tied swine bristles to it. When he got out of prison, he turned toothbrush production into a business and made a fortune!
The Modern Toothbrush Continues To Evolve Today
As appetizing as pig hair sounds, aren't you glad toothbrushes nowadays are made with nylon bristles? Nylon was invented in 1938 and by the 1950s, toothbrushes began to look and feel more like they do today. More technological advances made it possible to develop toothbrushes even further; the electric toothbrush made its way to the United States in 1960. People are still looking to drive toothbrush technology forward. New apps are being created all the time to make toothbrushing easier and more enjoyable. It even looks like built-in cameras may be in the future of toothbrushes!
The Toothbrush: One Of Man's Greatest Inventions?
The idea of the toothbrush was simple, but there's no doubt it has greatly contributed to our oral and overall health. In fact, when a group of people were asked which invention they could not live without, the toothbrush beat out the car, computer, cell phone and microwave! So, don't take your toothbrush for granted. Use it twice daily for a full two minutes! Your pearly whites will thank you.


text:
Since PHP 5.4, you cannot use a superglobal as the parameter to a function. This causes a fatal error:
function foo($_GET) {
// whatever
It's called "shadowing" a superglobal, and I don't know why people ever did it, but I've seen it out there. The easy fix is just to rename the variable $get in the function, assuming that name is unique.
There was no deprecation warning issued in previous versions of PHP, according to my testing, neither in 5.3 nor 5.2. The error messages in 5.4 are:
Fatal error: Cannot re-assign auto-global variable _GET in...
Fatal error: Cannot re-assign auto-global variable _COOKIE in...


text:
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First of all, open your text message window.Now type in your desired CNIC number (a unique 13-digit long number) and send it to 8300.You will get an instant reply on your screen. ...The details you'll get will be CNIC's owner address and zonal information of their registered CNIC. |
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Customer can send message (CNIC) to short-code 789 through primary verified number and in return he will get status of numbers against his/her CNIC along with verification stats. |
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How to Know Owner Name of SIM. Mobile phone users of any company (Telenor / Mobilink / Ufone / Warid / Zong) can send a blank SMS to 667 to know the ownership of this particular SIM. Please note that you will have to send this SMS from the SIM card itself to know the owner name. |
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text:
Ankle sprains can be serious and should be given immediate attention and care, despite not being as severe as a broken ankle. An ankle sprain can lead to a significant amount of pain, as well as limited mobility. They are often characterized by swelling and discoloration of the skin, which occurs when the ligaments are stretched beyond their limits.
The simple act of walking can sometimes cause a sprain, which makes them a very common injury for anyone. They occur when the ankle twists in an awkward way or rolls over itself, causing a pop or snap in the tendons around the ankle. Some people are more at risk than others, including athletes who continually push their bodies to the limits and also people who have previously suffered accidents to the feet, ankles, or lower legs.
If you believe you have an ankle sprain, it is important to consult with your podiatrist right away. Ankle sprains can turn into severe injuries that may require hospitalization. If the ankle ligaments or muscles are damaged from a tear or rip, the sprain may be severe enough to warrant going to the hospital and possibly having surgery done. Even after surgery the recovery process can be long, often involving rehabilitation sessions with a podiatrist to get your ankle back to full strength and health.
The severity of your sprain may become apparent if you are unable to stand or walk, if non-stop pain is occurring over a prolonged period of time, if swelling is much more severe than initially present, or if you start to experience tingling or numbness. These signs may show that your ankle sprain might actually be a broken ankle, which requires immediate medical attention.
While not completely avoidable, ankle sprains can be curbed with some preventative treatment measures. These include wearing appropriate fitting shoes that not only provide a comfortable fit, but also ankle support. It is also recommended to stretch before doing any kind of physical activity, as this will help lower your body's chance for an injury.


text:
Dominic Ford, Editor
the Eclipses
The Moon will pass in front of the Sun, creating a total eclipse of the Sun visible from eastern Indonesia and western Papua New Guinea between 12:15 and 17:33 PST.
From the Contiguous United States, no eclipse will be visible (change location ).
Mapping provided by https://hilltopviews.org.uk
The outermost red contour on the map above traces where in the world the eclipse will be visible – i.e., where the Moon will cover any part of the Sun's disk. Within this, the thinner red contours show where the Moon will cover at least 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% of the Sun at the moment of greatest eclipse. The central red line shows the narrow track where the total eclipse will be visible.
This map is also available as a KMZ overlay which can be imported into Google Earth, Google Maps, or other mapping software, to create a more detailed map. Alternatively, it can be downloaded as a non-interactive image in PNG, PDF or SVG format.
The animation above shows the progress of the Moon's shadow across the Earth as the eclipse proceeds. The red circle shows the edge of the Moon's shadow: all places inside the red circle will see the Moon covering some part of the Sun's disk. Within this, the yellow contours show where various fractions of the Sun's disk is covered.
The green cross in the center of the Moon's shadow indicates the point of central eclipse, where the Moon appears exactly centered on the middle of the Sun's disk, and where a total eclipse will be seen.
The eclipse path
The total eclipse will be visible from:
Country | Time span (UTC) |
Indonesia | 21:13–21:17 |
Papua New Guinea | 21:17–21:19 |
A partial eclipse will be much more widely visible, from countries including:
Country | Percentage of Sun eclipsed |
Start time (UTC) |
End time (UTC) |
Solomon Islands | 79% | 20:22 | 22:53 |
Australia | 94% | 20:23 | 23:07 |
Vanuatu | 81% | 20:32 | 23:15 |
New Caledonia | 100% | 20:37 | 23:17 |
Fiji | 60% | 20:48 | 23:35 |
Norfolk Island | 91% | 20:57 | 23:30 |
Lord Howe Island | 67% | 20:58 | 23:17 |
Palau | 64% | 21:00 | 22:02 |
East Timor | 73% | 21:05 | 22:15 |
New Zealand | 88% | 21:12 | 00:18 |
According to Fred Espenak's Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses, totality will last for a maximum of 2m00s at the point of greatest eclipse. [2]
The eclipse geometry
Solar eclipses occur when the Sun, Moon and Earth are aligned in a straight line, so that the Moon passes between us and the Sun and blocks its light.
Each time the Moon orbits the Earth, it comes close to the Sun in the sky as it passes New Moon. If the Moon orbited the Earth in exactly the same plane that the Earth orbits the Sun, it would pass in front of the Sun at New Moon every month.
But in fact the Moon's orbit is tipped up at an angle of 5° relative to the Earth's orbit around the Sun. This means that the alignment between the Moon and Sun at New Moon usually isn't exact. Normally, the Moon passes a few degrees to the side of the Sun.
In the diagram to the right, the grid represents the plane of the Earth's orbit around the Sun. As it circles the Earth, the Moon passes through this Earth–Sun plane twice each month, at the points on the left and right labelled as nodes. A solar eclipse happens only when one of these node crossings happens to coincide with New Moon. This happens roughly once every six months.
Even when solar eclipses do occur, they are not visible from the whole world.
The Moon is much smaller than the Earth, and the shadow it casts onto the Earth is never more than a few hundred miles across. The diagram to the right is not drawn to scale, but gives an approximate sense of how much of the Earth's surface can be covered by the Moon's shadow at any one time. As the Moon travels along its orbit, its shadow sweeps across the Earth, usually travelling from west to east at a speed which varies between 1,000 and 5,000 mph.
The Moon's shadow can be divided into the umbra, indicated as a dark gray cone, where the Moon appears to completely cover the Sun, and the larger penumbra, where the Moon only partially covers the Sun.
The umbra gets narrower at greater distances from the Moon, since the Moon covers less of the sky when seen from greater distances, and so needs to be more precisely aligned in order to cover the entire Sun. At a distance of 373,000 km, the Moon appears with exactly the same angular size as the Sun, and so the umbra narrows to a single point where the two objects are perfectly aligned in the sky.
As seen from the Earth, the Moon is only just large enough to cover the Sun. The Sun's angular diameter varies over the course of the year between 0.542 degrees (January) to 0.524 degrees (July) due to the Earth's elliptical orbit. The Moon's angular diameter likewise varies between 0.548 degrees and 0.490 degrees.
When the Earth and Moon are at their closest, the umbral shadow projects a circle onto the Earth's surface with a diameter of 170 miles, within which a total solar eclipse can be seen. But when the Earth is at its furthest from the Moon, the planet falls beyond the furthest limit of the Moon's umbral shadow and the Moon appears too small to entirely cover the Sun's disk. This gives rise to the possibility of annular eclipses, where a complete ring of sunlight is formed around the Moon.
The region of space where annular eclipses are seen lies beyond the furthest tip of the umbra at a distance of 373,000 km from the Moon, in a third region of shadow called the antumbra.
The diagram above was not drawn to scale, so as to make the three regions of the Moon's shadow large enough to see. In practice, all celestial bodies are much smaller than the distances which separate them, and the Earth and Moon are no exception. The diagram below shows the Earth and Moon drawn to scale, together with the Moon's shadow spanning the space between them. As above, the light gray region shows the Moon's penumbra, and the dark gray region shows the Moon's umbra.
The Earth is drawn twice, at its closest and furthest possible distances from the Moon – distances of around 363,000 km and 405,000 km respectively. The cross marks the maximum extent of the Moon's umbra – the furthest distance from Moon at which a total eclipse is possible (373,000 km).
Eclipse safety
Observing the Sun can be very dangerous if it is not done with the right equipment. The Sun is the brightest object in the sky, and looking directly at it can cause permanent eye damage within seconds. Viewing it through any optical instrument – even a pair of binoculars or the finderscope on the side of a telescope – can cause instant and permanent blindness.
If you have any doubts about whether your equipment is safe, it is best not to risk using it. By far the safest thing to do is to go along to a public observing event. Many astronomical societies are likely to be hosting observing events on the day, and they'll be sure to welcome newcomers. You may meet some new people at the same time as seeing the eclipse.
Many astronomy suppliers sell special special filters which can be fitted to telescopes to make them safe for solar viewing. These include aluminised mylar filters, or black polymer filters, identified as suitable for direct viewing of the Sun. Check that the filter has a CE mark, and a statement that it conforms to European Community Directive 89/686/EEC. Alternatively, you can use a welder's glass rated at No. 14 or higher. Always read the manufacturer's instructions carefully.
Never attempt to make your own filter. In addition to visible light, the Sun also produces prodigious amounts of infrared and ultraviolet radiation which cannot be seen yet can still damage your eye. Even if a homebrew filter appears adequate, it may allow this unseen radiation to pass.
Projecting an image of the Sun
Another safe way to view solar eclipses is to buy a purpose-built solar projection box.
These typically consist of a cardboard box with a small lens on one side. They project an enlarged image of the Sun onto a white cardboard sheet inside the box. Once the eclipse is over, they're also great for observing sunspots. They are safe to use, quick to set up, and ideal for use with children and groups.
Further details
This eclipse is a member of Saros series 142. The position of the Sun at the moment of greatest eclipse will be:
Object | Right Ascension | Declination | Constellation | Angular Size |
Sun (center) | 15h55m | 20°22'S | Scorpius | 32'23" |
The coordinates above are given in J2000.0.
Next/previous eclipses
« Previous | Next » | |||
Visible from the Contiguous United States | Worldwide | Worldwide | Visible from the Contiguous United States | |
26 Feb 1979 | 11 Jun 1983 | Total Solar Eclipses | 12 Nov 1985 | 21 Aug 2017 |
30 May 1984 | 30 May 1984 | Solar Eclipses | 19 May 1985 | 07 Mar 1989 |
30 May 1984 | 08 Nov 1984 | Eclipses | 04 May 1985 | 24 Apr 1986 |
The sky on 24 Jul 2024
The sky on 24 July 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
80% 19 days old |
All times shown in PDT.
Never attempt to point a pair of binoculars or a telescope at an object close to the Sun. Doing so may result in immediate and permanent blindness.
[1] – |
The eclipse maps presented on this website were computed using EclipseSimulator. This is an open-source tool which traces the positions of the Sun, Earth and Moon over the course of each eclipse and traces the path of the Moon's shadow across the Earth's surface. It was written by the author and freely available for download from GitHub. EclipseSimulator takes the positions of each body from the JPL DE430 planetary ephemeris. It treats the Earth and Moon as ellipsoids with the same polar and equatorial radii which are also assumed by Fred Espenak's eclipse predictions. All eclipse predictions are made at sea level. The predictions here match those calculated by Xavier Jubier to within a few kilometers. |
[2] – |
Espanak, F., & Meeus, J., Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000, NASA Technical Publication TP-2006-214141 (2006) |
[3] – |
The list of countries from which the eclipse is visible was computed on the basis of shape files available from DIVA-GIS. |
You may embed the animations and images above in your own website. They are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license, which allows you to copy and/or modify them, so long as you credit In-The-Sky.org.
You can download them from:
Image credit
© Lutfar Rahman Nirjhar. Image taken in July 2009.


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Tips page
From Library Success: A Best Practices Wiki
If you're brand new to the world of wikis you may be unsure how to start. Here is a quick guide with some tips. None of these are required, but many of them are helpful in creating a sense of wiki community and making the wiki more usable.
- register - Registering lets people know who edited a page and allows all of your edits to be grouped under your name. This helps you establish a reputation -- this is important on big wikis like Wikipedia, perhaps not as much here -- and lends authority to your entries and edits. When you are registered, people can contact you through your talk page if they have questions about your entries or edits. You can register here Please note: Registering is currently required on this wiki.
- annotate - You have the option of adding little notes to your edits in the Summary box beneath the editing page. When people look at pages like the Recent Changes page, or their own watchlist, they can tell at a glance what was done to the page you edited. If you are including a fact that is not widely known, sometimes a brief cite is helpful here. Check the minor edit box if you are just fixing a typo or a punctuation error.
- discuss - Every page on the wiki has a discussion page that you can use for discussing an article. This is often more useful than making an edit, having someone else undo it, and back and forth. These pages can be for asking questions about the topic, or informal coverage of a topic. This is the discussion page for this page, feel free to add to it. There are also discussion pages for all user pages, if you want to talk to a user directly. As an example, my talk page is here
link - Please feel free to add hyperlinks and crosslinks to other wiki pages. Here is a quick and dirty guide, much more is available from Wikipedia
- linking to another wiki page
[[Online_Reference]] will get you Online_Reference - linking to another wiki page using your own text
[[Online_Reference|doing reference online]] will get you doing reference online - linking to another web page
[http://librarian.net] will get you [1] - linking to another web page using your own text
[http://librarian.net my web site] will get you my web site
- linking to another wiki page
- list - If you are starting a list of tips, links, or comments, or are adding to a list, please start your addition with an asterisk (*), which shows up on the wiki like this
- It's just a good way to set each distinct contribution off from the rest. Two asterisks will indent what you write as you can see on this line.
- look - The best way to learn how to format things on the wiki is to look at how people have formatted things on other pages. Just hit "edit" at the top of the page to see how people did what they did.
- Firefox users - Install the Wikipedia Firefox extension. This toolbar will work on any Mediwiki wiki such as this one and will automatically allow you to format text, add lists, tables and images, etc. with the click of a button.


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The information contained in this website is for general information purposes only. The General Court provides this information as a public service and while we endeavor to keep the data accurate and current to the best of our ability, we make no representations or warranties of any kind, express or implied, about the completeness, accuracy, reliability, suitability or availability with respect to the website or the information contained on the website for any purpose. Any reliance you place on such information is therefore strictly at your own risk.


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Style your kitchen with the right tiles – this will help you make your kitchen look good – and also protect the floor of your house from damage. The kitchen is a room that requires extra protection for its floors because of the kind of work that the room is used for. There is the constant danger of stains and damages caused by heavy falling utensils and so on. Your floor tiling has to be durable and long-lasting and easy to clean.
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There are many kinds of kitchen tile flooring that you will find in the market today – different materials can be found at different price ranges – each of these materials have their own advantages and disadvantages. It is easy enough to read up on the different materials available and choose the perfect material for your kitchen tile flooring.
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Are You Ready for Your Portfolio to Make a Difference?
Interest in making an impact with one's investments has grown in recent years, which means many investors may have an increased interest in environmentally or socially focused investments as well. In fact, impact investments account for $1.164 trillion of managed investments worldwide, with 37% held in North America. Curious to learn more about impact investing? Read on.1
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Setting Expectations
Making a difference in the world is only one consideration with impact investing. In a recent survey of impact investors, 88% indicated that the financial performance of their investments were either in line with or outperformed their expectations.3
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Here are a few concepts to keep in mind with Impact Investing:
- Your values: What specific areas of impact are you hoping to make with your investments? Are you focused on sustainability, social justice, your religion, or another area? Deciding what you're looking to accomplish can help narrow your focus.
- Types of investments: There are a variety of investments that are structured to help pursue your goals when it comes to Impact Investing. As you define your values, the types of investments may become more clear.
- Impact reports: Impact reports are designed to provide information that breaks down how the company is making a difference and what measurable goals they're following. Impact reports are one factor to consider as you evaluate opportunities.
Impact investing can help keep your investment aligned with your personal beliefs. As you consider whether this choice may be appropriate for you, don't hesitate to reach out. We may be able to provide some information or identify some resources that you may find insightful.
1. TheGIIN.org, 2023
2. Investopedia.com, March 23, 2023
3. TheGIIN.org, June 27, 2023
The content is developed from sources believed to be providing accurate information. The information in this material is not intended as tax or legal advice. It may not be used for the purpose of avoiding any federal tax penalties. Please consult legal or tax professionals for specific information regarding your individual situation. This material was developed and produced by FMG Suite to provide information on a topic that may be of interest. FMG, LLC, is not affiliated with the named broker-dealer, state- or SEC-registered investment advisory firm. The opinions expressed and material provided are for general information, and should not be considered a solicitation for the purchase or sale of any security. Copyright FMG Suite.


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- An Exceptionally Simple Theory of Everything
arXiv: 0711.0770
I met Garrett at the Loops '07 in Morelia, and invited him to PI. He gave a talk here in October, which confirmed my theory that the interest in a seminar is inversely proportional to the number of words in the abstract. In his case the abstract read: "All fields of the standard model and gravity are unified as an E8 principal bundle connection," and during my time at PI it was the best attended Quantum Gravity seminar I've been at.
Anyway, since I've spend some time trying to understand what he's been doing (famously referred to as 'kicking his baby in the head') here is a brief summary of my thoughts on the matter.
In the 50's physicists were faced with a confusing, and still growing multitude of particles. By introducing new quantum numbers, it was clear that this particle zoo exhibited some kind of pattern. Murray Gell-Mann realized the particles could be classified using the mathematics of Lie-groups. More specifically, he found that the baryons with spin 3/2 known at this time correspond to the weight diagram of the ten-dimensional representation of the group SU(3) [1].
A similar prediction could later be made for the baryon octet, where the center of the diagram should be doubly occupied. The existence of the missing Σ0 was later experimentally confirmed.
After this, the use of symmetry groups to describe nature has repeatedly proven to be an enormously powerful and successful tool. Besides being useful, it is also aesthetically appealing since the symmetry of these diagrams is often perceived as beautiful [3].
GUTs and TOEs
Today we are again facing a confusing multitude of particles, though on a more elementary level. The number of what we now believe are elementary particles hasn't grown for a while, but who knows what the LHC will discover? Given the previous successes with symmetry principles, it is only natural to try to explain the presently known particles in the standard model - their families, generations, and quantum numbers - as arising from some larger symmetry group in a Grand Unified Theory (GUT). One can do so in many ways; typically these models predict new particles, and so far unobserved features like proton decay and lepton number violation. This larger symmetry has to be broken at some high mass scale, leaving us with our present day observations.
Today's Standard Model of particle physics (SM) is based on a local SU(3)xSU(2)xU(1) gauge symmetry (with some additional complications like chirality and symmetry breaking). Unifying the electroweak and strong interaction would be great to begin with, but even then there is still gravity, the mysterious outsider. A theory which would also achieve the incorporation of gravity is often modestly called a 'Theory of Everything' (TOE). Such a theory would hopefully answer what presently is the top question in theoretical physics: how do we quantize gravity? It is also believed that a TOE would help us address other problems, like the observed value of the cosmological constant, why the gravitational interaction is so weak, or how to deal with singularities that classical general relativity (GR) predicts.
Commonly, gravity is thought of as an effect of geometry - the curvature of the space-time we live in. The problem with gravity is then that its symmetry transformations are tied to this space-time. A gauge transformations is 'local' with respect to the space-time coordinates (they are a function of x), but the transformations in space-time are not 'local' with respect to the position in the fibre, i.e. the Lie-Group. That is to say, usually a gauge transformation can be performed without inducing a Lorentz transformation. But besides this, the behavior of particles under rotations and boosts - depending on whether dealing with a vector, spinor or tensor - looks pretty much like a gauge transformation.
Therefore, people have tried to base gravity on an equal footing with the other interactions by either describing both as geometry, both as a gauge theory, or both as something completely different. Kaluza-Klein theory e.g. is an approach to unify GR with gauge theories. This works very nicely for the vector fields, but the difficulty is to get the fermions in. So far I thought there are two ways out of this situation. Either add dimensions where the coordinates have weird properties and make your theory supersymmetric to get a fermion for every boson. Or start by building up everything of fermionic fields.
Exceptional Simplicity
On the algebraic level the problem is that fermions are defined through the fundamental representation of the gauge group, whereas the gauge fields transform under the adjoint representation. Now I learned from Garrett that the five exceptional Lie-groups have the remarkable property that the adjoint action of a subgroup is the fundamental subgroup action on other parts of the group. This then offers the possibility to arrange both, the fermions as well as the gauge fields, in the Lie algebra and root diagram of a single group. Thus, Garret has a third way to address the fermionic problem, using the exceptionality of E8.
His paper consists of two parts. The first is an examination of the root diagram of E8. He shows in detail how this diagram can be decomposed such that it reproduces the quantum numbers of the SM, plus quantum numbers that can be used to label the behaviour under Lorentz transformations. He finds a few additional particles that are new, which are colored scalar fields. This is cute, and I really like this part. He unifies the SM with gravity while causing only a minimum amount of extra clutter. Plus, his plots are pretty. Note how much effort he put in the color coding!
Garrett calls his particle classification the "periodic table of the standard model". The video below shows projections of various rotations of the E8 root system in eight dimensions (see here for a Quicktime movie with better resolution ~10.5 MB)
[Each root of the E8 Lie algebra corresponds to an elementary particle field, including the gravitational (green circles), electroweak (yellow circles), and strong gauge fields (blue circles), the frame-Higgs (squares), and three generations of leptons (yellow and gray triangles) and quarks (rbg triangles) related by triality (lines). Spinning this root system in eight dimensions shows the F4 and G2 subalgebras.]
However, just from the root diagram alone it is not clear whether the additional quantum numbers actually have something to do with gravity, or whether they are just some other additional properties. To answer this question, one needs to tie the symmetry to the base manifold and identify part of the structure with the behaviour under Lorentz transformations. A manifold can have a lot of bundles over it, but the tangential bundle is a special one that comes with the manifold, and one needs to identify the appropriate part of the E8 symmetry with the local Lorentz symmetry in the tangential space. The additional complication is that Garrett has identified an SO(3,1) subgroup, but without breaking the symmetry one doesn't have a direct product of this subgroup with additional symmetries - meaning that gauge transformations mix with Lorentz-transformations.
Garrett provides the missing ingredient in the second part of the paper where he writes down an action that does exactly this. After he addressed the algebraical problem of the fermions being different in the first part, he now attacks the dynamical problem with the fermions: they are different because their action is - unlike that of the gauge fields - not quadratic in the derivatives. As much as I like the first part, I find this construction neither simple nor particularly beautiful. That is to say, I admittedly don't understand why it works. Nevertheless, with the chosen action he is able to reproduce the adequate equations of motion.
This is without doubt cool: He has a theory that contains gravity as well as the other interactions of the SM. Given that he has to choose the action by hand to reproduce the SM (see also update below), one can debate how natural this actually is. However, for me the question remains which problem he can address at this stage. He neither can say anything about the quantization of gravity, renormalizability, nor about the hierarchy problem. When it comes to the cosmological constant, it seems for his theory to work he needs it to be the size of about the Higgs vev, i.e. roughly 12 orders of magnitude too large. (And this is not the common problem with the too large quantum corrections, but actually the constant appearing in the Lagrangian.)
To make predictions with this model, one first needs to find a mechanism for symmetry breaking which is likely to become very involved. I think these two points, the cosmological constant and the symmetry breaking, are the biggest obstacles on the way to making actual predictions [4].
Now I find it hard to make up my mind on Garrett's model because the attractive and the unattractive features seem to balance each other. To me, the most attractive feature is the way he uses the exceptional Lie-groups to get the fermions together with the bosons. The most unattractive feature are the extra assumptions he needs to write down an action that gives the correct equations of motion. So, my opinion on Garrett's work has been flip-flopping since I learned of it.
So far, I admittedly can't hear what Lee referred to in his book as 'the ring of truth'. But maybe that's just because my BlackBerry is beeping all the time. And then there's all the algebra clogging my ears. I think Garrett's paper has the potential to become a very important contribution, and his approach is worth further examination.
Aside: I've complained repeatedly, and fruitlessly, about the absence of coupling constants throughout the paper, and want to use the opportunity to complain one more time.
For more info: Check Garrett's Wiki or his homepage.
Update Nov. 10th: See also Peter Woit's post
Update Nov. 27th: See also the post by Jacques Distler, who objects on the reproduction of the SM.
[1] Note that this SU(3) classification is for quark flavor (the three lightest ones: up, down and strange), and not for color.
[2] For more historical details see Stefan's post The Omega-Minus gets a spin (part 1) which is still patiently waiting for a part 2.
[3] See also my earlier post on The Beauty of it All.
[4] If one were to find another action, the cc problem might vanish.