text:
Stage set for humanitys two most crucial years19 Dec 18 - Decisions made from now to 2020 will determine to what extent Earth remains habitable. |
NZ and Europe to strengthen market cooperation18 Dec 18 - New Zealand is to strengthen its carbon market ties with Europe. |
Anti-climate change strongmen still on the outer18 Dec 18 - The COP24 talks just ended in Poland have shown that global warming treaties can survive the era of the anti-climate strongman. |
Protesters to up pressure on governments18 Dec 18 - Civil society groups have pledged growing international protests to drive rapid action on global warming after the UN climate summit in Poland. |
Shaw hopes for carbon market rules next year17 Dec 18 - Climate minister James Shaw is optimistic that rules governing carbon markets will be settled next year. |
What was agreed and why did it take so long?17 Dec 18 - Fractious UN climate change talks in Poland ended with a deal on putting the Paris agreement into practice but much else left unresolved |
Shaw has high hopes for Katowice success14 Dec 18 - Climate minister James Shaw is confident a Paris Agreement rule book and agreement about limiting warming to 1.5deg will come out of bogged-down talks in Poland. |
China says it's open to uniform climate rules14 Dec 18 - China has signalled it is open to following uniform global climate change rules, shifting from its usual push for a clear division of responsibilities for rich and poor countries. |
UN chief in bid to revive flagging talks13 Dec 18 - UN Secretary-General António Guterres has made a dramatic intervention to revive flagging climate talks in Poland by flying back to the conference and preparing a personal call to Chinese President... |
Saudi falls foul of developing countries13 Dec 18 - Competing visions of climate justice have alienated Saudi Arabia from other developing countries at UN climate talks in Poland. |
We're making progress - towards 3deg warming12 Dec 18 - If all governments achieve their largely insufficient climate targets, the world will see 3deg of warming by 2100, twice the 1.5deg limit they agreed in Paris three years ago, says the Climate Action... |
Indigenous peoples clinch climate deal12 Dec 18 - Indigenous peoples clinched a deal in Poland that will give them a voice in global climate change negotiations, but only after conceding to a push to put national sovereignty above their rights. |
Australia's silence shocks delegates11 Dec 18 - Australia has been accused of tacitly supporting oil allies rejection of the UN's latest science report at the climate summit in Katowice. |
US is still very much in the game11 Dec 18 - Forget Donald Trumps rejection of the Paris Agreement. The US is still very much in and zealously setting the tone of international climate change negotiations. |
Global investors call for more action10 Dec 18 - The largest-ever group of institutional investors has called on governments around the world to urgently increase their efforts to meet the Paris climate change agreement goals. |
Oil producerrs scrap over UN climate report10 Dec 18 - Four big oil and gas producers blocked UN climate talks from welcoming the most influential climate science report in years, as a meeting in Poland descended into acrimony. |
Climate control could save millions of lives, says WHO7 Dec 18 - Beating climate change would save at least a million lives a year, the World Health Organisation has told the UN climate summit in Poland, making it a moral imperative. |
Indonesia manages to fly below the radar7 Dec 18 - International leaders are in Katowice debating the world's warming climate - but seldom mentioned is Indonesia, one of the largest emitters of greenhouse gases. |
Emissions jump to all-time high in 20186 Dec 18 - Global carbon emissions will jump to a record high in 2018, says a report released at the Katowice climate summit, dashing hopes a plateau of recent years would be maintained. |
More in the COP 24 Archive |
Carbon News RSS Feed Click to get an RSS feed for the latest stories from all sections of the site. |
COP 24 RSS Feed Click to get an RSS feed of stories this section only. |


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It's exciting to put a house on the market and to think about making new memories in new spaces, but we can have deep sentimental attachments to the homes we're leaving behind, too. Growing emotions can help or hinder a sale, depending on how we manage them.
When it comes to the bottom line, homeowners need to know what it takes to avoid costly mistakes. Being mindful of these things and prepared for the process can help you avoid some of the most common mishaps when selling your house.
1. Overpricing Your Home
When inventory is low, like it is in the current market, it's common to think buyers will pay whatever we ask for when we price our homes. Believe it or not, that's far from the truth. Don't forget that the buyer's bank will send an appraisal to determine the fair value for your home. The bank will not lend more than what the house is worth, so be mindful that you might need to renegotiate the price after the appraisal. A real estate professional will help you to set the true value of your home.
2. Letting Your Emotions Interfere with the Sale
Today, most homeowners have been living in their houses for an average of 10 years (as shown in the graph below):
This is several years longer than what used to be the norm, since many homeowners have been recouping from negative equity situations over the past 10 years. The side effect, however, is when you live for so long in one place, you may get even more emotionally attached to your space. If it's the first home you bought after you got married or the house where your children grew up, it very likely means something extra special to you. Every room has memories and it's hard to detach from the sentimental value.
For some homeowners, that makes it even harder to negotiate, separating the emotional value of the home from the fair market price. That's why you need a real estate professional to help you with the negotiations in the process.
3. Not Staging Your Home
We're generally quite proud of our décor and how we've customized our houses to make them our own personalized homes, but not all buyers will feel the same way about your design. That's why it's so important to make sure you stage your home with the buyer in mind. Buyers want to envision themselves in the space, so it truly feels like their own. They need to see themselves in the space with their furniture and keepsakes – not your pictures and decorations. Stage and declutter your home so they can visualize their own dreams as they walk through your house. A real estate professional can help you with tips to get your home ready to stage and sell.
Bottom Line
Today's seller's market might be your best chance to make a move. If you're considering selling your house, let's get together to help you navigate through the process while avoiding common seller mistakes.

subset: commoncrawl


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Random Slang Terms:
No one loves me
Horny Net Geek
Thank you for the Retweet
See you tomorrow
Slang squad! It's time for some tea, fam — we're going all out on another roll-call, and this time we're focusing on the dankness that is Millennial slang. Recently, we've been scoping plenty of sketches and songs that are trying to yeet in this kind of slang left and right, often to great comedic effect. […]
Suh, fam? Today we're diving deep with some of the most lit terms from 2017. Be warned: some of these terms have been around since before MMXVII, but our Slang.org experts have made sure to include only words that have either had a revival or are at least relevant to current slang-biosphere. On this year […]
Ay-up, ladies and gents: it's time for a British Slang roll-call! Today we'll be visiting our neighbors across the pond here at Slang.org to give you a deep dive into the countries most enticing jargon. Remember to always show respect and not to do terrible accents (unless you're quite smashing at it, mate). Below you'll […]


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Enter the dignified portals of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine this week, and the first thing you will see is a gold-plated turd, resting on a scarlet silk cushion. It is labelled "The Golden Poo", and is actually a Japanese good luck charm (a word play on the similarity between the words for "luck" and "poo" in Japanese.)
It is the most eye-catching exhibit in a Sanitation and Hygiene Exhibition on display at the London School until the end of next month. The director of the School's Hygiene Centre, Valerie Curtis, loves it. "It's my favourite," she told IRIN, "because I am on a campaign to get people talking about [excrement]. And the Golden Poo is a fun and lively way to draw attention to the topic that kills most kids in the world today. It's Public Enemy Number One."
The display is a cheerful and eclectic mixture of hygiene-related items and gems from the London School's own archives. A smart blue squat toilet plate and a bright green plastic potty from Burkina Faso sit alongside reminders of Britain's own, deeply insanitary past.
There is an 1866 cholera poster from the east end of London, where the disease used to be rampant, and a book, dating from 1887, about the city's first proper sewage system. It was only constructed because a hot summer raised such a stench from the River Thames that MPs threatened to abandon the riverside Houses of Parliament.
For sanitation campaigners the fundamental problem today is the same as it was 150 years ago. Good systems and products are there; the difficult thing is getting people to adopt them. While the London School does have engineers working on the physical plumbing of good sanitation, it also spends a lot of time working on people's attitudes and habits, figuring out what they are and how - if necessary - to change them.
The School's Hygiene Centre is partially funded by the multinational company Unilever, responsible for market-leading washing powder and soap brands. "A marriage made in heaven," said Curtis, "people who want to sell soap, and people who want to get people to use soap." She is unabashed by criticism of the School for taking corporate funding. "For me it would be immoral to be going out selling the benefits of soap, without getting the soap companies to contribute."
Positive messages
As well as money, Unilever has offered its expertise in advertising, the art of getting people to do what you want. One lesson is that whatever you are promoting (handwashing, for instance) should have good associations, not bad. The traditional, hectoring hygiene messages, says Curtis, are quite the opposite. "They say: 'You dirty person, you didn't wash your hands with soap. Your children are going to die'."
So enter SuperAmma (SuperMum), a cartoon character being tested out in South India. Village focus groups have helped choose the most appealing images for SuperAmma and her son. Her little boy washes his hands and grows up healthy, clever and well mannered, becomes a doctor and cherishes his elderly mother. In early trials this positive message seems to be getting positive results.
The Golden Poo is a fun and lively way to draw attention to the topic that kills most kids in the world today
Another of the exhibits in the exhibition, the so-called "Tiger Toilet", may also need a bit of PR help. It is designed for urban environments where it should be an improvement on the traditional pit latrine, which can be smelly, attracts flies and is difficult to empty in the middle of a city.
The toilet uses a pour-flush system, which takes a couple of litres of water, just enough to maintain a water-filled trap in an S-bend, and stop any smell coming back up the pipe. The waste is flushed away down a diagonal pipe and into the pit, where it lands on a wire mesh tray. On a tray below lives a colony of tiger worms, already commonly used in compost systems, and found in most parts of the world. The worms eat and digest the waste so efficiently that there is very little residue. What little there is can be used as fertiliser and is safe to handle.
Jeroen Ensink, who is developing the Tiger Toilet, sees it as the perfect intermediate technology. "The great thing," he told IRIN, "is that the system can be retrofitted. If you already have a pit latrine, then it can go in the same pit. And it offers an upgrade to households which can't afford the cost of fancy modern plumbing."
A marketing challenge
But how are people going to feel about worms living in their toilet? At the opening of the exhibition it was attracting a lot of attention from the School's international students. One young man from Kenya was impressed. "For our situation," he said, "if you have such a thing, and it can easily be set up, even in an urban setting, it would be quite something. People build these small pit latrines or septic tanks in their home and it will keep filling up and you always have the cost of emptying it. But one question might be what happens if these worms develop into butterflies, something like that. You would really need to know how to approach the people and develop key messages about that."
A US student was not too sure. "Instinctively it doesn't strike me as a comforting thing to know that there are worms in your toilet. But I guess if I can't actually see them and don't have to interact with them, ultimately I can forget that they are there."
This, says research manager Eileen Chappell, is exactly what a lot of the London School's work is all about. "We have a lot of people working on disgust. We have people doing PhDs, writing books on disgust, and why people are disgusted by things. People say, 'Oh, worms in the toilet, that's gross!' but the Tiger Toilet is very good, very sustainable. So how do you get them to change their attitude and see it as an acceptable solution?"
This article was produced by IRIN News while it was part of the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. Please send queries on copyright or liability to the UN. For more information: https://shop.un.org/rights-permissions


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Isn't there an easier way? Selling your home can be an extremely emotional experience, it is never easy to say goodbye to a home that holds your family memories. Not only this, but the stress of living in a home that is listed can be overwhelming. When you add in all of the decisions to be made and the expenses that pile up quickly, such as repairs, professional fees and commissions, marketing, the list goes on and on. Find out below about the 5 ways we make it easy to sell your house in New Jersey.
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Article 1 (Purpose)
The purpose of the following Terms and Condition of Use (T&C) is to establish guidelines on rights, duties and responsibilities of cybermall Users utilizing the internet-related services (hereinafter referred to as the 'Service') provided by the cybermall (hereinafter referred to as the 'Mall') operated by glossiersusa. Inc (E-Commerce company).
※ Unless transactions contradict its properties, the following terms apply to E-Commerce transactions utilizing methods of PC communication, wireless and others.
Article 2 (Definition)
① 'Mall' refers to a virtual business site established by company to trade or services (hereinafter referred to as 'Goods and Services') using computers and information communication facilities to provide Goods and Services to Users. The term can also be defined as a company operating a cybermall.
② 'User' refers to a Member and Non-Member who has accessed the 'Mall' to use the services provided by the 'Mall' in accordance with this T&C.
③ 'Member' refers to a person who subscribes to become a Member by providing personal information to the 'Mall' and receive information about the 'Mall' and become a continual User of the services provided by the 'Mall.'
④ 'Non-Member' refers to a User of services provided by the 'Mall' without subscription.
Article 3 (Statement, Explanation and Amendment of Terms and Conditions of Use)
① The 'Mall' shall, for easy recognition by Users, display the contents of this T&C, name of company and representative, business address(including an address handling customer complaints), phone number, fax number, email address, business license number, e-commerce permit number, and the name of personal information manager on the main page of the 'Mall'. Only the content of this T&C can be displayed though a link page.
② Prior to User's final agreement to this T&C, the 'Mall' shall provide a separate link or pop-up screen to obtain User's verification on the terms of cancellation rights, delivery responsibilities, refund conditions and other important details.
③ The 'Mall' may make amendments within the permissible range without violating applicable laws such as Consumer Protection Laws, Regulation of T&C Act, e-commerce Transaction Act, Electronic Signature Act, Information and Communication Network Promotion Act, Door-To-Door Sales Act, and other related Consumer Protection Laws.
④ The 'Mall' shall specify the effective date and the reasons for amendment of the terms and have post on the initial screen for 7 days prior to effective date until the day before the effective date.
If the amendment is modified to the User's disadvantage, then the 'Mall' shall grant at least 30 days of grace period for notice. In this case, the 'Mall' shall clarify the 'before and after' changes in an 'easy-to-understand' manner.
⑤ When the 'Mall' makes an amendment to the T&C, the modified T&C shall be applied only to contracts concluded after the effective date, whereas all contracts concluded before the effective date will remain under the provisions of the old T&C. However, if the User who has already signed the contract wishes to have the amendments administered, then the User may send his/her intent to the 'Mall' and acquire consent from the 'Mall' within the notice period stated in Clause ③ and it shall be applied accordingly.
⑥ Any information not specified and interpreted in this T&C shall be in accordance with the e-commerce Transaction Guidelines and Related Consumer Protection Acts provided by the Fair Trade Commission and other applicable Consumer Protection Laws and Regulation of T&C Act.
Article 4 (Provision and Change of Service)
① The 'Mall' shall perform the following duties:
- Provide information regarding Goods and Services and conclude purchasing contracts.
- Deliver Goods and Services on purchase contract.
- Other duties designated by the 'Mall.'
② The 'Mall' may replace Goods and Services provided in future T&C in the event that Goods and Services are sold out or technical specifications are revised. In this case, the 'Mall' shall immediately announce the replacement of Goods and Services and the date of application on the page where present Goods and Services are displayed.
③ In the event that Goods and Services are replaced because of a change in technical specifications or when Goods and Services are sold out, the 'Mall' shall immediately notify the cause of replacement to the addresses of the Users.
④ Following the previous Clause, the 'Mall' shall compensate for all damages caused. However, this shall not apply if the 'Mall' proves that such event is not caused by its intention or negligence.
Article 5 (Suspension of Service)
① The 'Mall' may temporarily suspend its services as a result of the following reasons: maintenance of computers and telecommunications equipment, replacement or damage repairs, and interruption of communication.
② The 'Mall' shall compensate User or any Third Party Member of damages caused by the temporary suspension of services due to reason(s) detailed in Clause ①. However, this shall not apply if the 'Mall' proves that such event is not caused by its intention or negligence.
③ In the case of a conversion of business item, abandonment of business, merging between businesses and for other various reasons, the 'Mall' shall notify the consumer as specified in Article 8 and reward consumer in accordance with the conditions suggested by the original 'Mall.' However, if the 'Mall' does not advise such standard of compensation, the 'Mall' shall pay Users for their mileage or reserve in kind or cash of which value corresponds to the currency being used at the 'Mall.'
Article 6 (Registration)
① The User shall apply for Membership by expressing his/her intent to agree to this T&C after filling out the form designated by the 'Mall' with Member's personal information.
② The 'Mall' shall register all Users who apply for Membership in the manner stipulated in Clause ① unless the User is not engaged in one of the following issues:
- After the applicant has lost Membership for reasons indicated in Article 7 Clause ③, the applicant may acquire approval to re-subscribe for Membership three years after the loss of Membership.
- Entry of false information or omission in the registration form.
- If deemed that registering the User would result in significant hindrances to the 'Mall.'
③ Establishment of Membership becomes effective at the time that the Member receives the 'Mall's approval of Membership.
④ The Member shall immediately notify any changes in his/her personal information to the 'Mall in accordance with Article 15 Clause ① through email or other methods of communication.
Article 7 (Withdrawal from Membership & Loss of Eligibility)
① Members of the 'Mall' may request, at any time, to withdraw from Membership and the 'Mall' shall immediately process the request.
② The 'Mall' may limit or suspend Membership for the following reasons:
- Entry of false information or omission in the registration form.
- If the purchase payment of goods and other 'Mall' usage related liabilities have not been paid for before the appointed date.
- If Member interferes with others to use the 'Mall' or threatens the order of e-commerce (such as the illegal use of personal information).
- If Member uses the 'Mall' to act against public order and morals prohibited by the law and this 'T&C.'
③ The 'Mall' may forfeit Membership of the Member whose Membership was suspended or limited, if the same actions are repeated twice or more, or if the cause is not corrected within 30 days.
④ When the 'Mall' forfeits Membership, all information will be cancelled. Prior to cancellation, the 'Mall' shall notify the Member and give at least 30 days or more to grant an opportunity to explain the cause.
Article 8 (Notification to Members)
① Any notifications from the 'Mall' will be sent to the email address designated in advance by the Member during registration.
② In the event of sending notifications to unspecified Members, a display of notifications on the notice board on the website for 1 week or more may replace sending emails. However, the 'Mall' shall send individual notice to a Member regarding matters which may have a significant influence in his/her transaction.
Article 9 (Application for Purchase)
① Search and select Goods and Services
② Enter name, address, phone number, email address (or mobile phone number)
③ Confirm matter(s) in respect to the contents of this T&C, limited cancellation policies, delivery fees, installation fees, and others
④ Express agreement to this T&C and confirm or refuse the above Item 3 (ex. mouse click)
⑤ Apply and confirm purchase of goods; Agree to allow confirmation of application from the 'Mall'
⑥ Select payment method
Article 10 (Conclusion of Contract)
① The 'Mall' may not accept request for purchase in Article 9 if it falls under one of the following items. In the event of concluding a contract with a minor, the 'Mall' shall notify that the failure to acquire agreement from a legal representative may cause cancellation of the contract by the minor him/herself or the legal representative.
- Entry of false information or omission in the registration form
- Purchase of cigarettes and liquor and other Goods and Services prohibited by the Youth Protection Law
- If deemed that accepting application for purchase may cause technical problems to the 'Mall'
② The contract is deemed to be concluded when the acceptance of the 'Mall' is delivered to the User in the form stipulated in Clause ① of Article 12.
③ The acceptance of the 'Mall' shall include confirmation on the User's request for purchase, availability of sales, and correction or cancellation of the request for purchase.
Article 11 (Payment Method)
The method of payment for Goods and Services purchased through the 'Mall' may be selected from the following items. The 'Mall' may not collect any additional fees regarding payment for Goods and Services.
- Wire transfer
- Card payment through prepaid card, debit card, credit card, and others.
- Mileage points or points offered by the 'Mall'
- Gift voucher contracted or approved by the 'Mall'
- Other means of electronic payment
Article 12 (Notice of Receipt, Change and Cancellation of Application for Purchase)
① The 'Mall' shall send a notice of receipt to the User after receiving the User's application for purchase.
② In the case of a discord between the User's intent and the received notice, the User may change or cancel the application for purchase immediately after receipt. If the request for change or cancellation is made prior to delivery, the 'Mall' shall process the request accordingly without any delay. In the event that payment has already been made, User shall follow the guidelines detailed in Article 15 – Cancellation of Purchase.
Article 13 (Provision of Goods and Services)
① Unless otherwise specified, the 'Mall' shall take necessary measures such as customizing production and packaging and deliver Goods and Services within 7 days from the date of purchase. However, if the 'Mall' has already received payment in whole or in part, then delivery shall be processed within 2 business days from the date of receipt. In such instances, the 'Mall' shall take necessary measures to inform the User on procedures of provision and delivery status of Goods and Services.
② The 'Mall' shall specify delivery method, payer, and delivery time for each delivery method for the Goods and Services purchased by the User. In the event that the 'Mall' exceeds the designated period of delivery, it shall compensate the User for damages. However, this shall not apply if the 'Mall' proves that such event is not caused by its intention or negligence.
Article 14 (Refund)
In the event that the Goods and Services are sold-out or unavailable and cannot be provided or delivered to a User who applied for purchase, the 'Mall' shall notify the User without any delay, and if payment for Goods and Services has already been made in advance, the 'Mall' shall take necessary measures or refund payment within 2 business days from the date of receipt.
Article 15 (Cancellation of Purchase)
① The User who purchased Goods and Services by concluding the contract with the 'Mall' may cancel purchase within 7 days from the date on which the User received the notice of receipt.
② The User may not return or exchange Goods and Services in the event of one of the following reasons:
- Delivered Goods lost or damaged at the fault of the User (however, cancellation of purchase may be acceptable if packaging was damaged in the process of checking content)
- Significant decrease in value of Goods and Services due to partial use or consumption by the User
- Not available for resale due to a significant decrease in value of Goods and Services from lapse of time
- The Goods may be replaced by Goods showing the same performance, but packaging of the original is damaged
③ In the case of items 2 or 4 of Article 2 Clause ②, the cancellation of purchase by User will not be limited if the 'Mall' failed to clearly specify the fact that cancellation of purchase is limited or that it would take necessary measures to provide the Goods.
④ Despite Clause ① and ②, the User may cancel his/her purchase of goods within 3 months from the date of receipt of the goods or within 30 days from the date on which he/she recognized or could have recognized that Goods and Services differ from the advertisement or the provision of contract.
Article 16 (Effect of Cancellation of Purchase)
① In the event of a return of Goods from a User, the 'Mall' shall refund payment of Goods within 3 business days. In the event of a delay in refund, the 'Mall' shall pay User with the interest calculated by the number of days delayed with the overdue interest rate set by the Fair Trade Commission.
② In regards to the above-mentioned case, if the User made payment of Goods with credit card or electronic money, the 'Mall' shall immediately request the business who provided such payment method to suspend or cancel payment.
③ In the event of any cancellation of purchase, the User shall bear the costs arising from returning the Goods. On the account of the User's cancellation of purchase, the 'Mall' shall not claim charge for cancellation or compensation for damage. However, in the event of a cancellation of purchase caused by a discord in the contents of Goods and the advertisement or the provision of contract, the 'Mall' shall bear the costs of returning the Goods.
④ If the User bore the delivery fees when he/she received the Goods, the 'Mall' shall specify and make noticeable as to who would bear the delivery fees upon cancellation of purchase.
Article 17 (Protection of Personal Information)
① The 'Mall' collects a minimum amount of information necessary to execute the purchase contract with Users. The following items are necessary information and others are optional.
- Name
- Address
- Phone Number
- Email address (ID)
- Password
② The 'Mall' must obtain approval from User when collecting personal information used for identification/verification of User.
③ Personal information may not be used for any other purposes or be provided to any Third Party without the approval of the User, and the 'Mall' shall be responsible for any violation of the matter. Except for the following case items:
- For delivery of Goods, the 'Mall' provides the delivery service provider with minimum information of User(name, address, phone number) to perform such duty
- For statistics, academic research or market research purposes, using the information provided in a form where individuals are not identifiable
- For transacting payment of Goods requiring personal information
- For personal identification purposes to prevent illegal use of personal information
- For an inevitable case by regulation of law or legislation
④ In the event that the 'Mall' is required to acquire the approval of User by Clause ② and ③, the 'Mall' shall specify its personal information manager (affiliation, name, phone number, other contact information), purpose of collection and use of information, information about Third Party (recipient, purpose of provision and the information to be provided), and the provisions stipulated in Clause ② of Article 22 of the Law related to the Stimulation of Use of Information and Communication Network & Information Protection. The User may at any time cancel his/her approval.
⑤ User may, at any time, request for confirmation and correction of error in their personal information possessed by the 'Mall,' and the 'Mall' shall be responsible for taking any necessary measures without any delay. In the event that a User requests for the correction of an error, the 'Mall' shall not use the applicable personal information until error is corrected.
⑥ For protection of personal information, the 'Mall' shall limit the number of managers and be responsible for any damages caused by loss, disclosure or falsification of personal information of the User which includes credit card and bank account information.
⑦ The 'Mall' or any Third Parties who received personal information from the 'Mall,' shall without any delay destroy all personal information once the purpose of collection has been achieved.
Article 18 (Obligations of the 'Mall')
① The 'Mall' shall not take any actions against public policy or actions restricted by the law and this T&C. The 'Mall' shall put its best efforts in providing Goods and Services on a stable basis in accordance with the provisions in this T&C.
② The 'Mall' shall be equipped with a security system to protect personal information of Users (including credit information) and provide a safe environment for Users to use the online services.
③ In accordance with Article 3 of the Law related to 『Fairness of Display and Advertisement』, the 'Mall' shall be responsible to compensate User(s) if damages were caused by displaying or adding unjust or unreasonable advertisement for certain Goods and Services
④ The 'Mall' shall not send any profit-making emails which are not wanted by Users.
Article 19 (Obligations for ID & Password of Member)
① Member shall be responsible for the management of his/her ID and password, except for the case in Article 17.
② Member shall not allow any Third Party to use his/her ID and password.
③ When a Member recognizes that his/her ID and/or password is stolen or is being used by a Third Party, the Member shall immediately notify the 'Mall', and follow the instructions of the 'Mall.'
Article 20 (Obligations of User)
Users shall not:
1. Register false information at the time application or revision of information
2. Use others' personal information
3. Change information displayed on the 'Mall'
4. Remit or display information (computer program and others) other than the information put on by the 'Mall'
5. Infringe copyright or intellectual property rights of the 'Mall' or the Third Party
6. Take any action that harms the reputation and interrupts the operation of the 'Mall' or a Third Party
7. Disclose or display any information containing indecent or violent message, video, voice, and other information going against good public order and morals.
Article 21 (Relationship between Linking Mall & Linked Mall)
① In the event that the main mall and the sub-mall are linked with a hyperlink (ex. the subject of hyperlink includes text, image and video), the former is called as the Linking Mall (Website) and the latter is called as the Linked Mall (Website).
② If the Linking Mall specifies and notifies the fact that it is not responsible for any transaction with the User for any Goods and Services independently provided by the Linked Mall on the initial page of the website of the Linking Mall or a pop-up window, then the Linking Mall is not responsible for such transaction.
Article 22 (Copyright & Limitation of Use)
① The copyright and other intellectual property rights for the works produced by the 'Mall' shall belong to the 'Mall.'
② The User may not use or cause any Third Party to use information with intellectual property rights belonging to the 'Mall' for reproduction, transmission, publishing, distribution, broadcasting or other profit-making use without prior consent of the 'Mall.'
③ The 'Mall' shall notify the User when using the copyright belonging to the applicable User in accordance with mutual T&C.
Article 23 (Resolution of Dispute)
① The 'Mall' shall apply and reflect the opinion or complaint made by User(s), and install and operate a process for compensation of consumers' damages.
② The 'Mall' shall give priority to any opinion or complaint made by User(s). However, in the event that it may not be able to promptly deal with the matter, the 'Mall' shall notify the User with the cause and the final settlement schedule.
③ When a User files for Remedy of Damage regarding a dispute between the 'Mall' and the User, the matter may be commissioned for arbitration by the Fair Trade Commission or a Dispute Conciliation Services Organization selected by the City Mayor.
Article 24 (Jurisdiction & Governing Law)
① All e-commerce related lawsuits between the 'Mall' and a User shall be in accordance with the address of the User at the time of indictment. If an address is nonexistent, then the lawsuit shall fall under exclusive jurisdiction of the district court in the vicinity of User's place of residence. In the event that the address or residence of the User is not clear at the time of indictment or if User is a foreign resident, the lawsuit shall be filed to the competent court on the Civil Procedures Code.
② Any and all e-commerce-related lawsuits between the 'Mall' and a User shall be governed by the law of the Republic of Korea.
This T&C shall be effective from August 20th, 2019.


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Housing rentals in Kungsbacka
Find vacant housing rentals in Kungsbacka on the list below. We have gathered almost all accommodation for rent in Kungsbacka. So, if you want to find a housing rental in Kungsbacka, you have come to the right place. Find a housing rental in Kungsbacka now. Good luck. More info about housing for rent in Kungsbacka.
270 m2 house for rent in Kungsbacka, Halland County, Sidovägen
- 31. July 2024
- 10
71 m2 apartment for rent in Kungsbacka, Halland County, Tingbergsvägen
- 29. September 2024
- 3
Frequently asked questions
What is a housing rental?
A rental property is a dwelling that you rent instead of buying. It can be an apartment, a house, a room, or a townhouse. It is a flexible solution that allows you to live in a specific area without committing to purchasing a property.
When you rent a property, you pay a monthly rent depending on the size, location, and other factors. When renting, it's crucial to read the lease agreement thoroughly, so you know what is included in the rent and what obligations you have as a tenant.
There are many advantages to renting a property. Firstly, it can be cheaper compared to other forms of housing, meaning you can save money and spend it on other things. Secondly, it can be easier to move when you rent, as you don't need to sell your property before moving. Thirdly, in many rental properties, you receive assistance from the landlord or the property company if there are issues with the rental, such as burst water pipes, blocked drains, etc.
All in all, renting is a good solution for those who want flexibility and do not want to commit to one place. A rental can be a cheaper solution than other forms of housing, and it is easy and flexible to move again when you rent, as you do not need to find a buyer, but simply need to terminate the lease and move to a new property when the rental period expires.
There are many different types of properties one can rent, including:
Apartment for rent in Kungsbacka
An apartment is a private dwelling in a multi-story building. Renting an apartment can be a good choice if you want to be close to the city, have access to public transport, and live close to other people. Read more about apartment for rent by clicking the link.
House for rent in Kungsbacka
A house is a building that serves as a home or residence for individuals or families, where the resident has the right to use the land on which the building is located. A house usually has an associated garden and other outdoor areas such as a driveway. Read more about house for rent by clicking the link.
Room for rent in Kungsbacka
A room for rent is a room that is rented out – typically as a sublet. Renting rooms is often time-limited, and one will typically sublet a room for rent for a shorter period, which can be from a few days to several months. Read more about room for rent by clicking the link.
How do you find a rental property in Kungsbacka?
Finding a rental property can be a time-consuming and, at times, challenging process, depending on the current housing market situation in the area you are looking in. Start by defining your needs and desires. Then, explore the market for available rental properties, for example, by searching on housing portals like Boligdeal.dk or by contacting property companies, property managers, or housing associations. Next, arrange viewings for relevant rental properties, and make an agreement with the landlord once you have found the right rental property.
You can see a detailed description of how to find and rent your new rental property via our guides for searching for apartments for rent, searching for rooms for rent, searching for houses for rent.
Find a rental accommodation for rent in Kungsbacka online
The first and most important step in your search process is to gain an overview of available rental properties that suit you.
Housingtarget.com gives you access to a wide range of available rental properties throughout Europe. Whether you are looking for a small rental, a larger rental property, an affordable rental, or a luxury rental, there are good chances to find the property you are looking for on Housingtarget.com.
You can filter your search and set up automatic search agents for housing rentals, which notify you about new rental properties that match your criteria. This saves time and allows you to quickly contact landlords who have rental properties that suit you.
Find an affordable long term rental
If you wish to find an economically affordable rental property, it's important to have as many options as possible to choose from. This is achieved by contacting various landlords of rental properties and scheduling viewings of the different available properties.
Once you have received the various landlords' price proposals, you can try to negotiate the price by presenting your own offer. By keeping several options open and contacting multiple landlords, you increase the chance of finding a landlord who is willing to match your offer.
The price you can negotiate depends a lot on supply and demand. So, by choosing an area with many available rental properties, you can increase the likelihood of finding a rental property at a favorable price.
Find a home for rent with the right size and layout
When you are looking for a new rental property, it is crucial that it can accommodate both your current and future needs. In other words, the rental property should be spacious enough for your current daily activities and plans you have for the near future. Are you expecting to expand your family, plan to live in the rental property for many years, or need space for a subtenant for a period?
The layout and floor plan of a home can significantly impact whether the property can meet your needs. Even if a rental property seems too small, optimizing the use of space through layout and good planning can often resolve this issue.
You can find inspiration for decorating your rental through these guides: Guide to furnishing your apartment, Guide to furnishing your house, and Guide to furnishing your room.
Moving into a rental home in Kungsbacka
Once you have found your future rental property, the next step is the move. It is essential that the moving process is well organized, and you focus on all aspects of the move.
Moving varies significantly depending on whether you are moving to a room or apartment or moving to a house.
We have developed these guides to help you when moving into a rental property: Guide to moving into an apartment, Guide to moving into a house, and Guide to moving into a room.
Would you like to rent out a property?
If you have properties available for rent, you can find your new tenant via Housingtarget.com, one of the leading online platforms for renting out private properties in Europe. We are used by many landlords for property rentals, including property companies, housing associations, real estate agents, and administrators, etc., for renting out properties.
Housingtarget.com is visited daily by hundreds of people looking for available rental properties. When you advertise your available properties for rent on Housingtarget.com, they are exposed to a wide range of tenants, from students to families to seniors.
If you have a property for rent, you can always create an ad directly here. You can also actively search for potential tenants here. Additionally, you are more than welcome to contact us via email at [email protected] – we are ready to assist you with advice and help in creating your property ad.
We have created a guide that describes the rental process from A-Z for you: Rent out your property through 10 simple steps.
Use your common sense when looking for housing rental
When renting a property, it is crucial to check the landlord before transferring any money to them. Always get legal help to review your lease agreement before signing it. Arrange a viewing of the property, check the landlord's background, and get documentation verifying the landlord's right to rent out the property before signing anything or transferring money to the landlord. Most importantly: Use your common sense.
We have collected several tips on what to pay attention to in this guide: Check the landlord before renting a property.


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Does Rochester, New York need pothole repair equipment?
A Hot Patch Heater is a specially designed truck/trailer bed insert used to heat cold patch material for pothole repairs.
We offer the following products and services:
- asphalt repair equipment
- pothole repair equipment
- pothole repair equipment
- asphalt heater boxes
- advanced asphalt equipment
- pothole patching equipment
- pothole patch heaters
- asphalt patch repair equipment
- asphalt heating
- asphalt patch mix heater
- hot asphalt repair
Heating cold patch material leads to longer-lasting repairs because the material flows more completely into the pothole and conforms to its irregular shape. The heated cold patch material also has superior adhesion. Both of these lead to longer-lasting pothole patches.
Benefits of Hot Patch Heater
- Reduce Injuries for Workers — Heated patch mix is always easier to shovel than unheated patch mix, especially in cold temperatures. Heating the patch mix eliminates repair workers from having to "jam" shovels into unheated patch mix. By eliminating these jarring impacts to hands, wrists, elbows, shoulders, and backs, the risk of injury is greatly reduced.
- Longer Lasting Pothole Repairs — Heated patch mix leads to longer-lasting pothole repairs. The heated mix better conforms to the shape of the pothole. This both mechanically "locks" the repair material into the pothole and it better seals the repair from future moister intrusion.
- Substantially Lower Cost — Hot Patch Heaters save money in a variety of ways. The initial purchase price of a Hot Patch Heater is a mere fraction of the cost of full self-contained patching trucks and substantially less than pull-behind "hot boxes". A Hot Patch Heaters unit's size and convenience mean it can be quickly mobilized with a one or two-person crew at a much lower cost than the larger crews typically required for larger equipment. When using heated cold patch material, Hot Patch Heaters allow for longer-lasting repairs and hence lower annual cost to readdress failed patches.


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Church of Russia
Patriarchate of Moscow | |
Founder(s) | Apostle Andrew, St. Vladimir of Kiev |
Autocephaly/Autonomy declared | 1448 |
Autocephaly/Autonomy recognized | 1589 by Constantinople |
Current primate | Patr. Kyrill I |
Headquarters | Moscow, Russia |
Primary territory | Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan and other former Soviet republics |
Possessions abroad | United States, Canada, Great Britain, Australia, Western Europe, China |
Liturgical language(s) | Church Slavonic |
Musical tradition | Russian Chant |
Calendar | Julian |
Population estimate | 90,000,000[1] |
Official website | Russian Orthodox Church |
The Church of Russia, known officially as the Russian Orthodox Church and also referred to as the Moscow Patriarchate, is one of the autocephalous Local Orthodox Churches, ranking fifth after the Churches of Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem. It exercises jurisdiction over the Orthodox Christians living in the former member republics of the USSR and their diasporas abroad. It also exercises jurisdiction over the autonomous Church of Japan and the Orthodox Christians living in the People's Republic of China. The current Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia is His Holiness Kyrill I.
According to the statutes of the Russian Orthodox Church its jurisdiction includes the Orthodox faithful living on its canonical territory in Azerbaijan, Belarus, China, Estonia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan as well as Orthodox Christians living in other countries who voluntarily submit to its jurisdiction.
In addition to its regular dioceses the Russian Orthodox Church is comprised of the following self-governing and/or autonomous churches:
- The Estonian Orthodox Church
- The Latvian Orthodox Church
- The Orthodox Church of Moldova
- The Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia
- The Ukrainian Orthodox Church
- The Japanese Orthodox Church
The autonomous and self-governing churches receive their chrism from the Patriarch of Moscow and exercise their activities on the basis of their patriarchal tomoses. The Russian Orthodox Church's jurisdiction over particular territories is disputed, most notably in Estonia, Moldova, and Ukraine, but it remains by far the largest Orthodox Church present in all three countries.
According to tradition, St. Andrew the First-Called, while preaching the gospel, stopped at the Kievan hills to bless the future city of Kiev. But it was Photius, Patriarch of Constantinople (858-861' 878-886), who first initiated missionary work on a large scale among these Slavs.
Conversion of the Slavs
The Kievan-Rus' empire (present day Ukraine, Belarus and Russia) was blessed with the work of Ss. Cyril and Methodius Equal-to-the-Apostles, the Illuminators of the Slavs. Although their work was around 863 in Moravia (roughly equivalent to the modern Slovakia), the benefit was to all the Slavic lands (particularly Bulgaria, Serbia, Ukraine, Belarus' and Russia).
The Kiev period (988-1237)
Cyril and Methodius not only brought Christianity in a common language, they brought Byzantium. The Slavs received a fully articulated system of Christian doctrine and a fully developed Christian civilization. The age of the Seven Councils was complete and the doctrines of the Trinity and the Incarnation had already been worked out. Because people were preached to in their own tongue, and of taking services in Slavonic, they truly could make Christianity their own.
Around 864 Patriarch Photius sent a bishop to Kiev(capital of present day Ukraine), but this was stopped by Oleg, who assumed power at Kiev (the chief Rus' city at this time) in 878. Christian ideas from Byzantium, Bulgaria, and Scandinavia, still came into Kievan-Rus'.
In 954 Princess Ol'ha (Olga) of Kiev was baptized. This paved the way for what is called the greatest events in the history of the Ukarainian and Russian church, the baptism of Vladimir of Kiev and the Baptism of Rus' in 988. Olga's grandson Vladimir (reigned 980-1015) was converted to Christianity and married Anna, the sister of the Byzantine Emperor. Orthodoxy became the State religion of Rus', and eventually Russia until 1917. (Rus' was not completely converted to Christianity at this time, and the Church was at first restricted mainly to the cities, while much of the countryside remained pagan until the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.)
The 10th and 11th centuries majestic churches and monasteries were built. St. Anthony of the Caves brought the traditions of Athonite monasticism to Rus' (present day Ukraine) in 1051.
The Orthodox Church during the Kievan period was subject to Constantinople, and until 1237 the Metropolitans of Rus' were usually Greek. The Rus' Church continues to sing in Greek the solemn greeting to a bishop, eis polla eti, despota ("Many years to you, Master"), in memory of the days when the metropolitan came from Constantinople. Most of the rest of the bishops were native Ukrainians or Russians.
Mongol Tartars over Russia (1237-1448)
In the 12th century, the period of feudal divisions, the Kievan-Rus' Church remained the only bearer of the idea of unity of the people, resisting the centrifugal aspirations and feudal strife among Rus' princes. Even the Tartar invasion, this greatest ever misfortune that struck Rus' in the 13th century, failed to break the Orthodox Church. The Church managed to survive as a real force and was the comforter of the people in their plight. It made a great spiritual, material and moral contribution to the restoration of the political unity of Russia as a guarantee of its future victory over the invaders.
Also, at this same time, the Grand Duke Alexander of Novgorod, won a great victory on the banks of the Neva' over the Swedes, who had been incited by the Pope to conquer Russia for the Latin Church.
The Russia which emerged from the Mongol period was a Russia greatly changed in outward appearance. Kiev never recovered from the sack of Batu, a grandson of Genghis Khan, in 1240, and its place was taken in the fourteenth century by the Principality of Moscow. It was the Grand Dukes of Moscow who inspired the resistance to the Mongols and who led Russia at Kulikovo. The rise of Moscow was closely bound up with the Church. When the town was still small and comparatively unimportant, Peter, Metropolitan of Russia from 1308 to 1326, decided to settle there; and henceforward it remained the city of the chief hierarch of Russia.
(This period in the history of the Russian Church included Alexander Nevsky and Sergius of Radonezh, both saints.)
Russian principalities began to unite around Moscow in the 14th century. The Russian Orthodox Church continued to play an important role in the revival of unified Russia. Outstanding Russian bishops acted as spiritual guides and assistants to the Princes of Moscow. St. Metropolitan Alexis (1354-1378) educated Prince Dimitry Donskoy. He, just as St. Metropolitan Jonas (1448-1471) later, by the power of his authority helped the Prince of Moscow to put an end to the feudal discords and preserve the unity of the state. St. Sergius of Radonezh, a great ascetic of the Russian Church, gave his blessing to Prince Dimitry Donskoy to fight the Kulikovo Battle which made the beginning of the liberation of Russia from the invaders.During these years, Russian painters indigenized the iconographic traditions which they had received from the Eastern Christian Empire. Icon painting flourished above all among the spiritual children of Saint Sergius. One of the finest of all Orthodox icons, from the artistic point of view, the Holy Trinity Icon, by Saint Andrei Rublev (1370?-1430?) is from this period.
Autocephalous Russian Church
Liberating itself from the invaders, the Russian state gathered strength and so did the Russian Orthodox Church. In 1448, not long before the Byzantine Empire collapsed, the Russian Church became independent from the Ecumenical Patriarchate. Metropolitan Jonas, installed by the Council of Russian bishops in 1448, was given the title of Metropolitan of Moscow and All Russia.
The Russian Church thus gained its independence, more by chance than from any deliberate design. Hitherto the Patriarch of Constantinople had appointed the head of the Russian Church, the Metropolitan. At the Council of Florence the Metropolitan was a Greek, Isidore. A leading supporter of the union with Rome, Isidore returned to Moscow in 1441 and proclaimed the decrees of Florence, but he met with no support from the Russians. He was imprisoned by the Grand Duke, but after a time was allowed to escape, and went back to Italy. The chief see was thus left vacant; but the Russians could not ask the Patriarch for a new Metropolitan, because until 1453 the official Church at Constantinople continued to accept the Florentine Union. Reluctant to take action on their own, the Russians delayed for several years. Eventually in 1448 a council of Russian bishops proceeded to elect a Metropolitan without further reference to Constantinople. After 1453, when the Florentine Union was abandoned at Constantinople, communion between the Patriarchate and Russia was restored, but Russia continued to appoint its own chief hierarch. Henceforward the Russian Church was self-governing, but its autocephaly was not ratified by the rest of the Church until 1589.
After the fall of Constantinople in 1453, there was only one nation that saw itself as capable of assuming leadership in Eastern Christendom. The growing might of the Russian state also contributed to the growing authority of the autocephalous Russian Church. To the Russian people, it was a sign from God, that at the very moment when the Byzantine Empire was ending, they themselves were throwing off the few remaining vestiges of Tartar control. To them, Moscow became the Third Rome, a status never acknowledged by the remainder of the Church but nevertheless which served to inspire Russian Orthodox Christians.
Non-Possessors and Josephites
Saint Nilus of Sora (Nil Sorsky, 1433?-1508), a monk from a remote hermitage in the forests beyond the Volga, launched an attack on the ownership of land by monasteries. St. Joseph, hegumen of Volokolamsk (1439-1515), replied in defense of monastic landholding. This became known as the dispute between the "Possessors" (Josephites) and the "Non-Possessors". (Note that both are saints of the Church.)
As the "Third Rome", the tsar derived his power and right to rule from being God's chosen representative on earth. So, to keep his status, he needed to protect and promote the church. In the Byzantium tradition, the relationship between the church and the state acted as a check on the power of the tsar. The metropolitan and the tsar were equals, and the metropolitan had the right to censure the tsar. The dispute between the Possessors and the Non-Possessors challenged this idea because about a third of the land in Russia belonged to monasteries at this time.
The Possessors and the Non-Possessors held different views about the role the church should play in society and in politics. When the Possessors triumphed, the church gained the right to wealth at the expense of political influence. The tsar became superior to the metropolitan, and could now interfere in secular matters of the church. The tsar was cut off from any source of accountability. Also, behind the question of monastic property lay two different conceptions of the monastic life, and ultimately two different views of the relation of the Church to the world. The Possessors emphasized the social obligations of monasticism. Monks argued that they did not use their wealth on themselves, but to care for the sick and poor, to show hospitality, and to teach. To do these things efficiently, monasteries needed money and therefore they must own land. (Possessors emphasized unity in preaching and worship, beauty and dignity in ritual.)
The Non-Possessors argued on the other hand that almsgiving is the duty of the laity, while a monk's primary task is to help others by praying for them and by setting an example. To do these things properly a monk must be detached from the world, and only those who are vowed to complete poverty can achieve true detachment. Monks who are landowners cannot avoid being tangled up in secular anxieties, and because they become absorbed in worldly concerns, they act and think in a worldly way. (Non-Possessors were more concerned with freedom in religious practice and taught that God was most pleased with a simple, contrite heart, even in the absence of an elaborate Liturgy. They were the scholars and mystics, who upheld evangelical poverty.)
Russian patriarch
While the Russian people sympathized deeply with the afflictions of their brethren in Constantinople, they did not have sufficient military strength to come to their relief.
In 1588, during reign of the Tsar Feodor I (Theodore) of Moscow, Boris Godunov requested of the Patriarch of Constantinople for permission to form a new Patriarchate for the Russian people. The question was referred to the other Patriarchs of Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem, and they all decided that, although the Councils had established five Patriarchates, the exact number was not a matter of divine right, but of ecclesiastical convenience, and consequently, the request could be granted.
In 1589, Metropolitan Job of Moscow became the first Patriarch of Moscow; the autocephaly of the Church of Russia being officially acknowledged by the Mother-Church of Constantinople. The patriarchs of the ancient churches recognized the Russian patriarch as the fifth in honor, defining the canonical boundaries of the Church of Moscow as being that of Moscow and the "Northern lands".
When Nikon of Moscow was the primate, the Russian Church was engaged in introducing alterations and amendments into its service books and rites. A great contribution to this was made by Patriarch Nikon, a bright personality and outstanding church reformer. During the Tartar rule, many mistakes had been made in the service-books, through the ignorance of scribes. Nikon carefully corrected and restored the rites, comparing them with the Greek service books, and introduced many practical reforms. But his zeal made him many enemies, so that at last this great and good man died in exile.
Old Believers
The reforms caused the separation from the Church of those who rightfully supposed that the old service-books were divinely inspired. Some clergymen and lay people were perhaps more hesitant about accepting the liturgical reforms introduced by Patriarch Nikon and were wrongly anathematized by the church authority. Hieromartyr Andrew, Archbishop of Ufa confessed that: "On the basis of Patriarch Nikon's mistake was established that caesaropapism which has, since the time of Patriarch Nikon, undermined all the roots of Russian Church life and was finally expressed in the formation of the so-called 'Living Church', which is at present the ruling hierarchy and which has transgressed all the church canons... But I, although I am a sinful and unworthy bishop, by the mercy of God ascribe myself to no ruling hierarchy and have always remembered the command of the holy Apostle Peter: 'Pasture the flock of God without lording it over God's inheritance'."
The Synodical Church (1700-1917)
The beginning of the 18th century in Russia was marked by sweeping reforms carried out by Peter I. The reforms did not leave the Russian Church untouched. After the death of Patriarch Adrian in 1700, Peter I delayed the election of the new Primate of the Church because he did not want another Nikon. He established, in 1721, a collective supreme administration known as the Holy and Governing Synod. The constitution of the Synod was not based on Orthodox Canon Law, but copied from the Protestant ecclesiastical synods in Germany. Its members were not chosen by the Church but nominated by the tsar; and the tsar who nominated could also dismiss them at will.
The Holy Governing Synod was constituted at St. Petersburg, and consisted of twelve members; four archbishops, six archimandrites, and two arch-priests. This body, was presided over by the Metropolitan of St. Petersburg, but subject to the tsar. The Holy Synod rendered an annual account of its affairs through a lay procurator, who in fact governed the Russian Church. Whereas a patriarch, holding office for life, could perhaps defy the tsar, a member of the Holy Synod was allowed no scope for heroism: he was simply retired. The Synod remained the supreme church body in the Russian church for almost two centuries.
In the Synodal period, the Church paid a special attention to the development of religious education and mission in the provinces. Old churches were restored and new churches were built.
The Holy Synod consisted of the most influential metropolitans, archbishops and bishops. Moscow itself was administered by a territorial archbishop, combined with Vladimir (1721-1745), with Sevsk (1745-1764), with Kaluga (1764-1799), and then by a metropolitan after it was combined with Kaluga (1799-1917).
The early Synodical period is sometimes represented as a time of decline, with the Church in complete subservience to the State. It was a time of ill-advised westernization in Church art, Church music, and theology.
The Synodical period of the nineteenth century, far from being a period of decline; it was a time of great revival in the Russian Church. People turned away from religious and pseudo-religious movements in the contemporary West and fell back once more upon the true spiritual forces of Orthodoxy. With this revival in the spiritual life went a new enthusiasm for missionary work, while in theology, as in spirituality, Orthodoxy freed itself from a slavish imitation of the West.
During this time, the Russian Church was divided into fifty-eight dioceses, with a bishop at the head of each. These bishops were divided into three metropolias. They were in Kiev, Moscow, and St. Petersburg.
The Russian Church (20th century)
Early in the 20th century the Russian Church began preparations for convening an All-Russian Council. But it was to be convened only after the 1917 Revolution. Among its major actions was the restoration of the patriarchal office in the Russian Church. The Council elected Metropolitan Tikhon of Moscow Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' (1917-1925). St. Tikhon of Moscow exerted every effort to calm the destructive passions kindled up by the revolution.
When in 1921-1922 the Soviet government demanded that church valuables be given in aid to the population starving because of the failure of crops in 1921, a conflict erupted between the Church and the new authorities who decided to use this situation to demolish the Church to the end. By the beginning of World War II the church structure was almost completely destroyed throughout the country. There were only a few bishops who remained free and who could perform their duties. Some bishops managed to survive in remote parts or under the disguise of priests. Only a few hundred churches were opened for services throughout the Soviet Union. Most of the clergy were either imprisoned in labor camps, where many of them perished, or hid in catacombs, while thousands of priests changed occupation. World War II forced Stalin to mobilize all the national resources for defense, including the Russian Orthodox Church as the people's moral force. This process, which can be described as a "patriotic union", culminated in Stalin's receiving on September 4, 1943, Patriarchal Locum Tenens Metropolitan Sergius (Stragorodsky) and Metropolitan Alexius (Simansky) and Nicholas (Yarushevich).
The Russian clergy outside the USSR, who rejected demands of loyalty to the Soviet Communist authorities put forth by Sergius (Stragorodsky) in 1927 (in the so called Declaration of 1927), formed the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia.
The Russian Orthodox Church today
The Russian Orthodox Church claims about 26,000 parishes. Out of these, more than 50% (14,700) are in Ukraine.[2]
See also
External links
- Moscow Patriarchate (Official Website)
- Department of External Affairs (Official Website)
- Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia (Official Website)
- Article on the Orthodox Church of Russia by Ronald Roberson on the CNEWA web site
- "The Canonical Territory of the Moscow Patriarchate" by J. Buciora (Article)
- Church in history of Russia. Lev Regelson.
Further Reading
- Dimitry Pospielovsky. The Orthodox Church in the history of Russia. St Vladimir's Seminary Press, 1998. 413 pp. (ISBN 0881411795; ISBN 9780881411799)
- HostKingdom
- DECR Communication Service Communication service of the Department for External Church Relations of the Moscow Patriarchate
Autocephalous and Autonomous Churches of Orthodoxy |
Autocephalous Churches |
Four Ancient Patriarchates: Constantinople · Alexandria · Antioch · Jerusalem Russia · Serbia · Romania · Bulgaria · Georgia · Cyprus · Greece · Poland · Albania · Czech Lands and Slovakia · OCA* · Ukraine* |
Autonomous Churches |
Sinai · Finland · Estonia* · Japan* · China* · Ukraine* |
The * designates a church whose autocephaly or autonomy is not universally recognized. |


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Rockville Tooth Whitening
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Dentists have coined the term "bleachorexia" for those people who overuse in-store bleaching which can lead to the destruction of enamel and dentin, turning the teeth to mush.
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There is more residual sensitivity with store bought teeth bleaching kits due to the "one-size fits all" trays that come in the kit vs the custom fit trays from the dentist.
Helpful Related Links
- American Dental Association (ADA). Glossary of Dental Terms. 2015
- American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry® (AACD). Home Page. 2015
- Colgate®. Teeth Whitening Products. 2016
- Crest. 3D White Whitestrips. 2016
- WebMD. Teeth Whitening Strips, Gels, Toothpaste, Bleaching, and More. 2016
About our business, license, and website security
- Rockville Smile Design was established in 2012
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