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Role of miRNAs in Dengue Immunopathogenesis
Dengue is the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral disease in humans, with more than 50 million cases of dengue virus (DENV) infection each year. Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) are characterized by increased vascular permeability and plasma leakage. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to modulate the innate and adaptive immune responses. Mounting evidence also supports the involvement of miRNAs in endothelial cell function.
Central hypothesis
miRNAs modulate the activation of monocytes/macrophages and vascular endothelial cells during DENV infection, and differential miRNA expression induced by DENV is associated with specific immunopathogenetic processes in DHF/DSS.
To characterize DENV-host interactions at the molecular level by performing functional analysis of miRNAs in DENV-infected cells.
Specific Aim 1
Functional analysis of miRNAs in DENV-infected human monocytes/macrophages.
Specific Aim 2
Functional analysis of miRNAs in DENV-infected human vascular endothelial cells.
Hongwei Li, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
Department of Microbiology
College of Natural Sciences
Email: hli [at] hawaii.edu
Mariano A. Garcia-Blanco, M.D., Ph.D.
Department of Medicine
Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
Email: garci001 [at] mc.duke.edu


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Dispatched in 10-12 days
- Colour: Yellowish Green
- Fabric: Chanderi/Shantoon
- Lining: Shantoon
- Neck: Mandarin Collar
- Sleeves: Full Sleeves
- Closure: Front Buttons
- Washing Care: Dryclean
- Number of piece in a garment : 2 (Kurta/Pajama)
*For urgent deliviery please whatsapp 9908457897
The Pre-Order: Pear Gota Patti Kurta Set is the product you didn't think you need, but once you have it, something you won't want to live without.
Inventory Last Updated: Jul 23, 2024
Inventory Last Updated: Jul 23, 2024
Return/Exchange Policy
We follow a 7-day exchange policy which is not applicable on following products:-
- Pre-Order
- Accessories
- Swimwear
- Products on Sale (Clearance & Festival Sale Products)
- Customised / Made to measurements products
It is advised to check for your size requirements before you make a purchase order as products are made to order. We generally keep a 2-3" margin in all our custom made outfits.

subset: commoncrawl


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Free Shipping From USA | 30 Day Returns | Limited Time Sale! | Call Us: (213) 973-7855
SKU: 8162 - Olive
- 2pc Suit and Pants Set
- Shawl Lapel, 2 Button Fastener
Free Shipping
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All sizes displayed are jacket/shirt sizes. All suit sets come with matching pants lined to the knee. All pants are flexible to ensure perfect fit. All pants will be unhemmed at the bottom.
Shop at Harlem Wear with confidence! All Harlem Wear orders come with free shipping and a 30 day money back guarantee.


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Dinnington Event Medical Cover
What we do
Our event team will work with clients, to understand the medical requirements and also the organiser's vision of how the event should look. Some organisers prefer that medics are low key and only seen when they are needed, others feel that it is reassuring for their visitors to see that there is a good level of first aid or ambulance provision.
We will undertake a risk assessment and advise the correct level of cover, to ensure you meet the health & safety criteria, to provide safe and effective cover. We can then discuss anything else that you may like to add. For example, some event organisers ask if Medic 1 can also provide additional resources, such as welfare or safeguarding teams.
Our Clients
Many of our clients choose to work with us each year. We have built up a rapport with them and understand the requirements for their event. Others will contact us literally at the last minute asking for help when they have been let down. In most cases we can help, in all cases, we do our best, as we understand that even with everything else in place and maybe months of planning, the event cannot go ahead without adequate medical provision.
Nancy Clarke
Race Co-ordinator
Rotary Club of Tywyn Race the Train ©
Hugh Edwin Jones. MSc
Events Manager
Cyngor Gwynedd Council
What can Medic 1 Provide?
We have an experienced multidisciplinary team who work together to provide the correct level of care, required for your event.
Our first aiders have extended skills and maybe all that is required for some events. They will have kit appropriate to general emergencies, including defibrillators and some specific to the particular type of event they are at. AFA's may patrol an area or remain in a medical centre. All AFA's carry trackers allowing our control to dispatch the nearest, most appropriate first aid crew.
Read more about our Advanced First Aiders
Emergency Medical Technicians have gained a significant amount of knowledge and skills and can work on ambulances as part of an emergency team. Providing additional levels of care, and "blue light" transfers, should they be needed.
Read more about our Emergency Medical Technician
Paramedics will work on an ambulance and provide a higher skill set than those above. They are registered, autonomous clinicians. Their skill set allows them to deliver a range of drugs and undertake invasive techniques.
Read more about our Paramedics
As part of our event team, nurses can issue prescriptions for some medications. They may carry out additional tasks such as suturing wounds, giving injections and will often work with paramedics and EMTs.
Read more about our Nurses
Our team leader is responsible for managing your event. They are the sole point of contact between you as the organisers or your representative at the event and our team on site. This means that your medial provision can run smoothly. They will report back to you any concerns or health and safety issues.
Read more about our Team Leader
Our radio controller is the centre point of communication between our team. They are responsible for dispatching crews to nearby casualties with the aid of our GPS tracking software.
Read more about our Radio Controller
We have a variety of ambulance unit types depending on our client's needs and the risk assessment. Our Frontline Paramedic and EMT ambulances are equipped to mirror what is usually present on an NHS ambulance. These are emergency "blue light" capable vehicles. We also have Twin EMT ambulances and EMT & ECA staffed ambulances and ambulances available for hire with a driver for film productions. All of our ambulance vehicles are tracked, allowing the person on control to dispatch the nearest, most appropriate vehicle.
Read more about our Frontline Paramedic / EMT Ambulance
Read more about our Twin EMT Ambulance
Read more about our EMT / ECA Ambulance
Read more about our Ambulance Filming TV Hire Service
Rapid response vehicles are used to respond to emergencies throughout an event. They may take additional resources to the scene of an accident, to assist the first aid or ambulance crews. They are tracked, allowing the person on control to dispatch the nearest, most appropriate vehicle. They carry defibrillators, medical gases, drugs kits and other items used in emergency prehospital care.
Read more about our Twin First-Aider RRV
We can provide offroad vehicles for those areas of that are hard to get to by regular vehicles. This unit will always be supplied with two first aiders. The type of vehicle required will be discussed with yourselves prior to the event and based on our risk assessment.
Read more about our 4x4 Off-road Vehicles
Some events will benefit from our cycle responder teams. They carry equipment such as defibrillators and other emergency supplies. Many events, state that no motorised vehicles can move during the event. Crowds and limited access may prevent movement even if they are permitted, this is where cycle responders come into their own. These tracked teams can quickly get to the scene of a casualty and provide life-saving skills and equipment when it is needed.
Read more about our Cycle Responders
GPS Tracking Software
Our vehicles have tracking systems, this not only allows us to know their precise location but also to dispatch the nearest appropriate vehicle to wherever it is required. In addition to this each crew, made of two people from any of the grades listed, will also have trackers. So even if your event only has first aiders, their team leader, will know precisely where they are and be able to send the nearest crew to a casualty. Our tracking system was developed by our own IT specialists and has been recognised as speeding up response times to casualties and noted as having a positive impact on patient care.
Radio Communications
Medical Centre
Medic 1 can provide portable medical centres or marquees. This enables our teams onsite to treat patients in a private area and maintain patient dignity and confidentiality. In some cases, facilities are provided by event organisers. In many cases, a suitable room, with access to hand washing facilities will work well. In either case, we will provide all of the necessary equipment, including patient beds and medical equipment appropriate for the event.
Before the event
During the event
During the event, we will endeavour to ensure that your event runs smoothly. Our Team Leader will be the primary point of contact for your representative or health and safety officer. They will manage all of Medic 1 resources and will liaise with you if needed. Should there be any areas of concern, for example, if there is a pattern of accident or illness at a given part of the event, we will bring this to your attention. In short, we never forget that as well as looking after your event crew & visitors, we are working for you.
We are aware that sometimes even with the best possible planning, sometimes you can't account for the unexpected. In light of this, we are able to offer last-minute cover for your event should you need extra resources.
After the event
We understand that as well as health and safety, the reputation of your event is important. Medic 1 will always conduct themselves in a manner that reflects the passion and care you have put into building a successful event.
We look forward to discussing your event shortly!
All types of events
Alternatively you can contact us at email@example.com or fill in the contact form.
Contact Us


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Honoka Yamazaki
Cute Japanese Girls Stroking Hard Cocks
All text, picture and video content on handjobjapan.com is copyrighted and may not be used without prior authorization. Any other use is considered theft and illegal and will be
prosecuted to the fullest extend of the law. All models were 18 years or older at the date of production which has been documented diligently. You may not use this site if you're not
at least 18 years of age or do not meet the age requirement to watch explicit pornography set forth by your respective domestic law.
Custodian of Records (18 U.S.C. Section 2257)
Custodian of Records (18 U.S.C. Section 2257)


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Clouds and trees
$20 – $60
on all paint by numbers kit
on first order: | Use Code: 10OFF
How to use your canvas paint by numbers?
Step 1
- Lay your canvas out on a well-lit area flat surface.
- Prepare a small container of water to clean your brushes when changing colors.
- Organize your acrylic paint.
- Keep a cloth or paper towel to dry your brushes in between washes.
Step 2
- Match the number of the paint to the number of the area on the canvas (Be sure to match the number with the correct color).
- Paint all areas with one color before moving to the next color.
Step 3
- Stand Back and Marvel at your creation. Thanks to paint by numbers, you will have the power to create the most beautiful piece of art. And the best part is that you have a clear, less cluttered, and less stressed body.
Orders and shipping
Free and fast delivery
Returns and exchanges
We strive to ensure our customers receive the best possible experience. Learn more
Guaranteed safe & secure checkout
This Clouds and trees kit contains all the necessary materials to create your artwork
linen canvas roll
paint set
Set of 3
Product description
Clouds and trees painting is an awesome way to begin your paint by numbers journey. A journey full of colours that sometimes comes with lots of patience, passion, and planning. But, always with love. And, at the end of the day, it gives you a sense of achievement, which boosts your confidence when you see that "YOU" have made it. So, what are you waiting for? Just place your order and start today.
Here are the artistic treasures we have in our store:
- Size(s): From 30x40cm / 60x70cm
- Support: Numbered linen canvas
- Type of paint: Acrylic
- Packaging: Securely wrapped Packaging
Frequently asked questions
How does paint by number work?
Paint by numbers comes with a canvas that has outlines of different shapes and numbers. Each number corresponds to a specific colour, indicated in a legend that comes with the canvas. The canvas is divided into many small sections, each with a number that corresponds to a specific colour.
You just have to match the numbers on the canvas with the numbers on the colour palette and paint the corresponding section with the matching colour. Overtime, the individual sections will come together to form a beautiful painting.
Why love paint by numbers?
A comforting activity!
Engaging in a comforting activity is a soothing and gratifying experience that provides individuals with immense solace, tranquillity, and emotional respite. Paint by numbers is an act of kindness towards oneself aid tremendously in improving mental wellbeing by reducing stress levels and promoting feelings of calmness as well as contentment.
Cakewalk for everyone!
With the widespread availability of paint by number kits, making painting a cakewalk for everyone. From novices to experienced painters, the art of creating masterpieces can now be mastered by all with ease. Indeed, it is safe to say that there's never been a better time than now for anyone interested in exploring the world of painting!
A beautiful decor!
The decor in the space with intricate details and exquisite elements that immediately capture the attention of anyone who enters. Each piece has been carefully chosen to create a cohesive and visually striking aesthetic that feels both luxurious and welcoming at once. From the rich textures to the sparkling brilliance of art.
Great team bonding!
The decor in the space with intricate details and exquisite elements that immediately capture the attention of anyone who enters. Each piece has been carefully chosen to create a cohesive and visually striking aesthetic that feels both luxurious and welcoming at once. From the rich textures to the sparkling brilliance of art.
What kind of paint is used?
The painting kit is equipped with acrylic paint which is known for their vibrant colours and long lasting durability.
Is the paint safe and non toxic?
Art of paint by numbers kit uses only non toxic, water based acrylic paints that are safe for use by adults and children alike.
Is paint by numbers suitable for all ages?
Paint by number kits are perfect for all ages. With a wide range of designs to choose from, you can choose the one that fits your style and preferences.
Can I frame my paint by numbers painting?
Yes, absolutely! Once you have finished your painting, you can easily frame it to display at your place.
How long does it take to complete a Paint by Number painting?
The time it takes to complete a Paint by Numbers painting varies depending on the complexity of the design and your painting speed. However, most paintings can be completed within a few hours to a few days.
How do I care for my paint by numbers painting?
To care for your paint by numbers painting, we recommend dusting it regularly with a soft, dry cloth. Avoid using water or cleaning products, as they may damage the canvas.
Can I paint over mistakes or errors?
Yes, you can paint over any mistakes or errors you make. Simply wait for the paint to dry and then paint over the area with the correct colour. The beauty of paint by numbers is that it is forgiving and allows you to make mistakes without ruining the overall painting.
When will I get my order?
After an order has been placed, it takes up to 2 days to pass it to the warehouse. Then, in up to 2 days it is handled by the warehouse. You get a tracking number and the order is dispatched. After that, it takes 6-11 days (based on delivery method you chose) to be delivered in Afghanistan, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Maldives, Malta, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom and United States.
*All delivery times exclude clearance/customs delays.
For other questions please visit our FAQ page or contact us.


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Take on any trail in Rail Blackout. Rail takes the need for ventilation in cycling glasses and combines it with an oversized rimless design that offers increased coverage. Its frame is lightweight for all-day comfort and the shatterproof lenses ensure long-term use. Rail's rimless shield frame keeps eyes protected from debris while still offering maximum airflow, whether you're pedaling the blacktop or trailing under the pines.
- Frame: Light & Durable Grilamid TR-90
- Lens: Smoke / AC Red / Clear – Shatterproof polycarbonate interchange lenses for bright and low light scenarios
- Features: Rimless shield, fully adjustable nose & ear pads, hydrophilic rubber ear and nose pads that increase grip the more you sweat
- Fit: Large-XL | Weight: 32G
- Included: Zippered Hardshell Case & Microfiber Cleaning Bag
WARNING: This product can expose you to chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm. For more information go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov.
Part Numbers
Option | UPC | MPN | Store SKU |
BlackOut / Smoke|AC Red|Clear | 810074140492 | 1710110501 | EYE33345857K |


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Stephen Hawking - Brief Answers to the Big Questions
Stephen Hawking - Brief Answers to the Big Questions
- புத்தகம் 3 - 5 நாட்களில் அனுப்பி வைக்கப்படும்.
The world-famous cosmologist and #1 bestselling author of A Brief History of Time leaves us with his final thoughts on the universe's biggest questions in this brilliant posthumous work.
- Is there a God?
- How did it all begin?
- Can we predict the future?
- What is inside a black hole?
- Is there other intelligent life in the universe?
- Will artificial intelligence outsmart us?
- How do we shape the future?
- Will we survive on Earth?
- Should we colonise space?
- Is time travel possible?
Throughout his extraordinary career, Stephen Hawking expanded our understanding of the universe and unravelled some of its greatest mysteries. But even as his theoretical work on black holes, imaginary time and multiple histories took his mind to the furthest reaches of space, Hawking always believed that science could also be used to fix the problems on our planet.
And now, as we face potentially catastrophic changes here on Earth - from climate change to dwindling natural resources to the threat of artificial super-intelligence - Stephen Hawking turns his attention to the most urgent issues for humankind.
Wide-ranging, intellectually stimulating, passionately argued, and infused with his characteristic humour, BRIEF ANSWERS TO THE BIG QUESTIONS, the final book from one of the greatest minds in history, is a personal view on the challenges we face as a human race, and where we, as a planet, are heading next.
A percentage of all royalties will go to charity.


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Murder of Governor in Pakistan Darkens 'Blasphemy' Case
Assassination called a blow to prospects of justice for Christian mother on death row.
01/05/2011 Pakistan (CDN)-The case of Asia Noreen, the first Christian woman sentenced to death in Pakistan on blasphemy charges, suffered a major setback when her most vocal supporter, the governor of Punjab Province, was gunned down by one of his police bodyguards yesterday (Jan. 4) in Islamabad.
The lives of Noreen and Gov. Salman Taseer were at risk since the day he, his wife and daughter visited her in the Sheikhupura District Jail on Nov. 22, after news of her conviction appeared in the media.
Taseer had openly criticized the blasphemy statutes and vowed to try to repeal the "black laws" in parliament. He also promised Noreen (also called Asia Bibi) that he would recommend a presidential pardon for her.
The governor's assurance and his support for Noreen gave new hope to the impoverished mother of two children and step-mother to three others – and drew violent condemnation from Islamist forces, sparking countrywide protests.
"The governor's visit gave us hope that all was not lost," Sohail Johnson of Sharing Life Ministries Pakistan, which has pursued Noreen's case from the onset, told Compass. "We believed that God had sent the governor to help us … his words of support boosted Noreen's morale, and she was actually quite optimistic about the outcome of her appeal in the high court."
He said the murder of Taseer in broad daylight had shocked all those opposing the blasphemy laws, and that "there is little hope of these laws ever being repealed."
Johnson confirmed that Noreen's life was at high risk ever since the governor had highlighted her case.
"The local Islamist forces believed that President [Asif Ali] Zardari would pardon Noreen on Taseer's recommendation, and this was unacceptable to them," said Johnson, confirming that intelligence agencies had determined that Islamists had plotted to kill Noreen inside jail to make an example of her. "Noreen was earlier allowed two hours in the morning and two in the evening to go outside her cell to relax. After the intelligence information, the jail authorities restricted her movement, and now she is kept in the cell at all times. A security guard has also been deployed with her."
He added that news of the assassination of the governor would surely panic the Christian woman.
Johnson said Noreen's appeal of her conviction had yet to be taken up for hearing by the Lahore High Court, but that the murder would definitely affect the course of justice. "The governor's brutal murder has diminished our hopes for justice for Noreen," he said.
Her family, he said, has been in hiding since Islamist parties started protests in favor of the blasphemy laws.
"Even I am keeping a low profile these days," Johnson said.
Taseer and Noreen were declared "Wajibul Qatil" (liable to be killed) by radical Islamic clerics. A cleric in Peshawar and a local politician in Multan offered a combined sum of 50 million rupees (US$579,300) for anyone who killed Taseer and Noreen.
Protests, shut-down strikes and general uproar pressured Pakistan's federal government to announce that the blasphemy laws would not be repealed.
Taseer, however, continued to publicly vent his opposition – even using Twitter – to the blasphemy laws, which effectively mandate death for anyone convicted of insulting Muhammad, the prophet of Islam. Although courts typically overturn convictions, and no executions have been carried out, rights activists say the laws are used to settle rivalries and persecute religious minorities.
On Friday (Dec. 31), Taseer had tweeted "I was under huge pressure 2 cow down b4 rightest pressure on blasphemy. Refused. Even if I'm the last man standing."
The assassination is significant not simply because of the person targeted and the reason behind it, but because of the broader societal implications.
"[It points to] the presence of radical elements inside the Pakistani state apparatus," said columnist Cyril Almeida.
He said that the fact that Taseer's own bodyguard shot him is not just worrying because it indicates a failure of the vetting process but because it points to "the extent to which this poison has affected the Pakistani state. The investment in jihad has come home to roost."
In the hours immediately following the killing, television anchors hosted several shows in which guests, while stopping short of openly supporting the murder of Taseer, did speak out in support of killing those deemed to have blasphemed. Some Pakistanis have reported that they received text messages on their mobile phones praising the assassination.
Pakistan Interior Minister Rehman Malik has said the guard, Malik Mumtaz Hussein Qadri, told police that he killed Taseer because of the governor's opposition to Pakistan's blasphemy laws. Qadri had escorted the governor from Rawalpindi to Islamabad on Tuesday (Jan. 4).
A 26-year-old policeman from Barakhao on the outskirts of Islamabad, Qadri had reportedly transferred to the Elite Force after commando training in 2008. Thus far, he has not been identified as a member of any violent Muslim extremist groups but is considered devout in his faith.
Noreen was convicted under Section 295-C of the defamation statutes for alleged derogatory comments about Muhammad, which is punishable by death, though life imprisonment is also possible. Section 295-B makes willful desecration of the Quran or a use of its extract in a derogatory manner punishable with life imprisonment. Section 295-A of the defamation law prohibits injuring or defiling places of worship and "acts intended to outrage religious feelings of any class of citizens." It is punishable by life imprisonment, which in Pakistan is 25 years.


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The Future of Your Company's Retirement Plan
As an employer, you share the responsibility for guiding your employees toward making decisions that will afford them greater financial freedom in retirement. But here's the quandary: Just as your workers look to you for financial guidance and advice, you must seek out an expert to help you navigate plan regulation and administration.
Do the following issues look familiar to your retirement plan committee?
- New regulations that add to the complexity of administration
- Fiduciary pressures to provide prudent investment options
- Timely (and potentially complex) fee disclosures to your participants
- Outside advisors whose allegiances are split between plan providers and investment managers
- Watershed regulations that require greater transparency about disclosing relationships between plan sponsors and their advisors
- Employees who feel they cannot afford to save, but are being courted by your competitors through their benefits programs
- Concerns over your employees' retirement readiness
Your need for competent, objective retirement plan guidance—from an advisor you can trust—has never been greater. That's why your plan should work with an independent retirement plan representative supported by LPL Financial.
The advisor: A powerful extension of your retirement plan committee
Three key tenets for running an effective retirement plan drive the partnership between your retirement plan advisor and LPL:
- Meaningful, timely information and research: An experienced retirement plan representative can offer you deep industry insights and knowledge of the regulatory landscape that help enable you to make informed choices for your plan's individual needs.
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Product Description
Graceful and elegant defines SPARKLE COLLECTION by german pool of silk hand-stitched Cheongsam, each distinguished and unique. The blossoming pattern of the Peony while embedding each dress with Austrian Crystal, the blooming flowers radiate attraction. The hand-stitched Cheongsam sparkles bright with lively colors and a beautifully styled Peony pattern, it is the perfect interpretation of retro style fashion.
- Name:【PEONY】100% Silk Crystal Cheongsam with Single Crystal Blossom (Cap Sleeve / Regular Fit)
- Length: Below Knee
- Sleeve: Cap sleeve
- Color: Black
- Fabric Material: 100% Silk
- Other Materials: Fine Austrian crystals
1. ABOUT SPARKLE COLLECTION Merchandise
As each garment is made purposefully by hand, difference in measurements of bust, waist and hip may range from 1-3 cm.
As the fabric of each garment is individually printed per order, there may be a slight distinction in the color and pattern placement. It is not an imperfection; on the contrary, it is a unique signature to your garment on hand.
All SPARKLE flower buttons are delicately handcrafted by Intangible Cultural Heritage Inheritor Master Po and proudly bear the MADE IN HONG KONG MARK LICENSE certified by The Hong Kong Certification Centre Limited. SPARKLE flower buttons are available for purchase with our cheongsams.
If the gem or crystal element falls off, wears, breaks, or is lost due to human factors, SPARKLE COLLECTION provides repair and replacement services at cost within 6 months from date of purchase, and the related costs will be quoted separately.
All pictures shown on our website are for illustration purposes only. They do not necessarily reflect on the merchandise you purchased.
Standard size Made-To-Order cheongsams will be completed in 90 working days^ from date of purchase.
Tailor-made bespoke cheongsams will be completed in 120 working days^ from date of measurement.
All SPARKLE flower buttons will be completed in 45 working days after measurement confirmation.
^Not including Saturdays, Sundays, HK public holidays and Greater China national holidays.
For standard size Made-To-Order garments, SPARKLE offers alteration service at $3000 per alteration (eg. collar width and waist girth count as two alterations) where alteration is possible.
SPARKLE offers bespoke tailoring service for an additional $8000. Additional alterations thereafter are available at $3000 per alteration (eg. collar width and waist girth count as two alterations) where alteration is possible.
For silk cheongsams and Tang jackets, upgrade to leather Mandarin collar is available at $1500 upon customer's request.
SPARKLE COLLECTION provides worldwide delivery.
- a) For Hong Kong orders, you may select shipment pickup or door-to-door delivery.
Free-shipping delivery
SPARKLE COLLECTION provides free shipping within Hong Kong region on orders above HK$2,000 per order (after discounts and vouchers have been applied).
- b) For overseas orders, courier delivery is available.
Your ordered item will be dispatched within 3-5 working days upon product completion. Orders ship to regions out of Hong Kong, except China region, will be shipped by courier services. Shipping charges and delivery lead time vary to different shipping zone defined by courier companies. You are welcome to contact us for quotation before purchase. If delivery is delayed due to any force majeure reasons or events beyond our reasonable control, SPARKLE COLLECTION shall not be held responsible for the delay.


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Arlington Public Schools
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NASA has sent rovers to explore Mars before. But three words explain what makes this latest mission to Mars so different: location, location, location.
The rover Curiosity is slated to land late Sunday in Gale Crater, near the base of a 3-mile-high mountain with layers like the Grand Canyon. Scientists think those rocks could harbor secrets about the history of water — and life — on the Red Planet.
"It's got a giant mountain in the middle of the crater. There are lots of exposed layers [of clay and minerals]," says Samuel Kounaves, a chemistry professor at Tufts University who will analyze data from the mission. "Instruments aboard the orbiters have told us that a lot of the minerals in that area are minerals that would be formed with water present, so it's a very interesting area."
Water is essential for life on Earth, so where there's evidence of ancient water on Mars, researchers think they might also find clues to ancient life. "[Curiosity] is not going to be looking for life directly, but it's going to be looking for past habitability," Kounaves says. "We're looking to see if the elements required for life are there."
Curiosity carries 10 experiment stations. One, called Sample Analysis at Mars, or SAM, will use instruments like a mass spectrometer and gas chromatograph to look for elements that exist in the Martian soil and atmosphere. Scientists back on Earth will then calculate how those elements may have influenced the history of Mars, including the possibility of microbial life.
Geologist David Blake from NASA's Ames Research Center says rocks are a great place to look for clues because certain minerals form only under certain circumstances. "If we identify all the minerals that are present in, say, a 4-billion-year-old sample in Gale Crater, we can tell you what the conditions of the environment were; whether it was a lake, whether it was a stream-bed, just what the surrounding conditions were."
Blake is in charge of a chemistry and mineralogy instrument on the rover called CheMin. It is charged with identifying the minerals in a rock sample. Earlier expeditions have found minerals like olivine, which form in lava, and jarosite, which precipitates out of water. The minerals reflect the Mars environment at the time the rocks were formed.
"If you look for a billion-year-old rock on the Earth, you won't find it," Blake says. That's because Earth is still geologically active, and old rocks are being buried.
But on Mars, very old rocks are still sitting on the surface. "So we can go to Mars and look at rocks that are probably very similar to the early Earth and tell a story about both planets."
Scientists also will be evaluating the chemical composition of the Martian landscape using color photography.
"We use color as a way to understand, in a relatively simple sense, the geology and the composition and the mineral content of the rocks and soils there," says Jim Bell, a professor of astronomy and planetary science at Arizona State University who is working on the project.
"If we see a black rock, it's probably a fresh-from-Mars volcanic material, just like you'd find in Hawaii or Iceland," Bell says. This visual analysis, though not completely reliable, is a simple and energy-efficient way to classify the minerals seen in the Martian soil, he adds.
It's not all work and no play, however, for Curiosity's high-resolution cameras. "One of the things we do with these color cameras is the same thing that you or another tourist would do with their cellphone camera: Just look around and take beautiful color pictures, and soak up the landscape," Bell says.
Curiosity's landing will be a nail-biter; engineers had to devise a high-risk landing system that lowers Curiosity to the ground with cables from a hovering sky crane. (Check out our reporton Adam Steltzner, the rocker who led the lander design effort.)
Tune in to see if it works at about 10:30 p.m. Sunday PDT; video from Mission Control (not from Mars) will be broadcast live. You can catch it in Times Square, too.
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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Question and Answers about Car Spoilers
Q: Can I have the Spoiler Painted to match my car color?
A: Yes we offer this service just choose a spoiler on our site that is listed as a �Painted� spoiler add it to your cart and add the Paint code of your vehicle in the box listed �paint code�. We will match the color to your exact factory paint color saving you the trouble of taking it to a body shop for painting.
Q: My car does not have a spoiler now. Can I add a spoiler to my car?
A: Yes. Our trunk spoilers are designed to mount and look like a factory spoiler when no spoiler was present.
Q: How hard is it to install a spoiler to my trunk lid?
A: It is not difficult. Our spoilers come with the hardware, instructions and an easy to use template to show you where to mount it.
Q: The factory spoiler for my car had a third brake light installed does your spoiler come with one?
A: Yes. Our spoilers are exactly like the factory spoiler. The third brake light is included with wiring and instructions.


text: Link to the related website that has useful info: the Age of Nelson. This forum is devoted to the Royal Navy during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (1793 - 1815). And why not the other navies of the period? To avoid spam, you must register to be able to post - it's free.


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What is a personal injury lawyer?
A personal injury lawyer fights on your behalf if you've been injured physically, psychologically, economically or in reputation. This injury may be the result of neglect or malicious intent of another person, or it could be at the hands of a business, government or other entity. Personal injury lawyers specialize in tort law, which is the law of civil wrongs like car accidents, company wrongdoing, unlawful imprisonment and more.
To become qualified to be a personal injury lawyer in the United States, a person must earn a bachelor's degree, followed by a Doctor of Jurisprudence degree from a law school. Most states then require the person to pass the bar exam to become licensed to practice law. Unlike many attorneys who require a retainer, personal injury lawyers often work on contingency fees. This means that in lieu of payment upfront, they receive an agreed-upon percentage of the settlement in case of a win.
What should you look for in a personal injury lawyer?
A personal injury lawyer will advocate for your legal rights if you've been hurt in an accident at work or in daily life, have suffered from medical malpractice, or are struggling to have your insurance carrier cover your needs. It may be helpful to talk with two or three lawyers before selecting one. When looking for a personal injury lawyer, research their reviews and make sure former clients have had good experiences with them. Next, make sure the personal injury lawyer has experience and proven success winning cases similar to yours. Confirm that the lawyer is licensed to provide services in your state. When you find a qualified personal injury lawyer with whom you want to work, freely discuss payment and fees before any work begins. Most lawyers offer a free consultation to learn what your case is about and explain their rates. Personal injury attorneys typically receive a percentage of your settlement (called a contingency fee), so they are paid after the trial or case is complete. Keep in mind that some attorneys have fees that you must pay even if you don't win your trial. It's important to understand these details before work begins so you don't have any unhappy surprises later. Lastly, it's wise to choose a personal injury lawyer that you have confidence in and with whom you can communicate openly and honestly.


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The court battle between two girls and their Pennsylvania school over "I (heart) Boobies!" bracelets could be settled by the U.S. Supreme Court.
The Easton Area School District board voted 7-1 Tuesday night to appeal a federal appeals court's decision that rejected its claim the bracelets are lewd and should be banned from school.
The case started in 2010 when two girls, then ages 12 and 13, challenged the school's ban on the bracelets designed to promote breast cancer awareness among young people.
The students, Brianna Hawk and Kayla Martinez, said they merely hoped to promote awareness of the disease at their middle school. They filed suit when they were suspended for defying the ban on their school's Breast Cancer Awareness Day.
In August, the 3rd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals upheld a lower court's decision in favor of the girls, saying also that the district didn't prove the bracelets are disruptive.
Superintendent John Reinhart told The Express-Times of Easton he supports the board's decision.
"The Third Circuit Court has compromised administrators' abilities to intervene in what is and what is not appropriate in school," he said.
In court sessions, Reinhart had called the bracelets "cause-based marketing energized by sexual double-entendres."
An attorney for the American Civil Liberties Union, which helped the girls challenge the rule, said Tuesday night the school had been hinting that it would petition the Supreme Court.
"I'm just really surprised that they're so determined to fight this speech case of all speech cases," said Mary Catherine Roper. "(The bracelets) didn't cause any problems in the school."
School district solicitor John Freund said the district had the backing of the National School Boards Association and the Pennsylvania School Board Association. He said they and other organizations are "concerned about the implications of a hyper-sexualized environment," The Express-Times reported.
The lone board member to vote against the appeal said the district should just drop the matter.
"I think we should be done with it. Let it go. We lost 20, 30 times, I don't even know anymore," Pintabone said.
Easton is one of several school districts around the country to ban the bracelets, which are distributed by the nonprofit Keep A Breast Foundation of Carlsbad, Calif.


text: The Monte GT C5 Aircross 1.8L L4 Turbo 2019 is an OBD2 performance chip that offers six driving modes, app control, and a lifetime warranty. Made in the USA, this chip is safe for your car's warranty and is designed to improve the performance of your Citroen vehicle. Whether you're looking for increased horsepower, better fuel economy, or improved overall performance, the Monte GT has you covered and yours C5 Aircross 1.8L L4 Turbo 2019. One of the standout features of the Monte GT is its six driving modes, which allow you to customize your car's performance to suit your needs. Whether you're looking for a sportier driving experience or better fuel efficiency, the Monte GT can adapt to your preferences. And with the ability to control the chip using an app, you can make adjustments on the fly. Another major benefit of the Monte GT is its lifetime warranty. This chip is built to last, and the manufacturer stands behind its product. This means you can enjoy the benefits of improved performance without having to worry about costly repairs or replacements. When it comes to performance chips for Citroen cars, the Monte GT is a top choice. With its advanced technology, customizable settings, and lifetime warranty, it's no wonder why car enthusiasts are making the switch to Monte GT. Upgrade your C5 Aircross 1.8L L4 Turbo 2019 with the Monte GT performance chip and experience the difference in performance and driving sensation today."


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We use cookies to optimise site functionality and give you the best possible experience.
Some of these cookies are essential, while others help us to improve your experience by providing insights into how the site is being used.
Necessary cookies enable core functionality such as page navigation and access to secure areas. The website cannot function properly without these cookies, and can only be disabled by changing your browser preferences.


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- Regular price
- $1,526.38
- Regular price
$2,365.84 - Sale price
- $1,526.38
- Unit price
- per
Dolls Basic Parameters | |||
Height | 155cm | Full Bust | 88cm |
Waistline | 45cm | Hips | 88cm |
Vaginal depth | 18cm | Deep Anal | 16cm |
Deep Mouth | 13cm | Net Weight | 31kg |
Material | TPE | Gross Weight | 38kg |
Skin Color | Wheat Color | Package Size (cm) |
145*40*28cm |
Accessories:1*155cm sex doll, 1*wig, 1*comb, 1*glove, 1*sexy underwear (random style), 1*vaginal heating rod, 1*vaginal cleaning tool
We will take photos in front of the dolls package and email them to you to make sure this is the doll you want.
Vita provides the ultimate sex doll experience. If you are thinking of purchasing this sex doll, we highly recommend that you purchase a high-end doll.
About delivery:
To protect your privacy, we will send the product name as furniture.
The packaging is airtight so you cannot see the product from the outside. And there is no personal information on the packaging. Since the box is packed with straps, it is easy to carry
After receiving the doll, you will immediately confirm whether the doll is defective. If there is any quality problem, please contact us in time. Because it is a special product, it will not be returned or exchanged once it is used.
You can request a return within 14 days of signing (14 days or more).
1. Precautions for use: Do not touch the doll with sharp or metal objects (causing damage), or leave the doll on a hard table or on the ground for a long time (it will cause local changes). Do not use heavy objects. Damaged and deformed);
2. After use: after each use of the lower body, it is recommended to wash the body once a month, the water temperature should not exceed 40 degrees, use a neutral detergent (preferably soap), and dry the powder with a cloth
3. Precautions: Do not hold the baby in a sitting or lying position for a long time. The joints cannot be bent for a long time. Keep the baby stretched (vertical position), avoid direct sunlight and high temperature, and do not contact acidic chemicals.
The warranty does not cover any effects caused by misuse or handling of the product, cuts, tears or damage. For repairs, it is recommended to send us photos so that we can give you the best advice on the application process. Contact us: email@example.com
To return a return, you must submit a return request. All items must be prepaid, postage deductions or refunds will be denied. Consumer customers receive orders within fourteen (7) business days of receipt of the recalled product or service contract. It is necessary to return any product to him and receive a request for a replacement or refund from the online store within fourteen days, without any penalty, except for return fees.
Returned products must be undamaged. It should contain all attachments if needed. It is understood that the customer will bear the return cost when returning the product. If the returned product is by ordinary mail, the cost of returning the product will be borne by the customer.
If the previous obligations are not fulfilled, the customer loses the right of withdrawal and returns the product to him at his expense.
Customers are advised to return the solution to track the package. Otherwise, if the returned package is not delivered to the seller, it would be impossible to initiate a postal investigation asking them to find the latter.
Refunds will use the same payment and customer selections as the original transaction, unless the customer expressly agrees to the seller to use a different payment method and the refund will not result in a charge to the customer.
The customer may be held liable if the product depreciates due to operations other than good product depreciation required by the nature, characteristics and function of the product.
The products and services offered are those listed in the catalogues published on the website. These products and services are available from stock. Each product comes with instructions from the seller according to the description provided by the supplier.
Catalog product photos reflect actual pictures of the products and services offered, but do not constitute a contractual commitment which does not guarantee complete physical product similarity.
We will define below as "baskets", intangible objects that include all the products or services that a website customer selects by clicking on these elements. To proceed with his order, the customer selects the product he wants to order, adds it to his "shopping basket" and can modify the content at any time.
Once the customer has selected and added all the products he wants to buy, he will have the possibility to check their order by clicking on the button provided for this purpose, accessing his shopping basket. He will then be redirected to a summary page that will describe the quantity and characteristics of the products ordered, as well as their unit price.
If he wants to validate his order, the customer has to select the boxes related to approve these conditions and click the Validate button. The customer will then be redirected to a page where he will fill in the order form fields. In the latter case, he must fill in a certain amount of personal information about him, which is necessary for the correct execution of the order.


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Whether crafting a masterpiece or brainstorming the next big idea, this notebook will inspire your inner wordsmith. The product features 80 lined, cream-colored pages, a built-in elastic closure, and a matching ribbon page marker. Plus, the expandable inner pocket is perfect for storing loose notes and business cards, so you'll never lose track of important information.
• Cover material: UltraHyde hardcover paper
• Size: 5.5″ × 8.5″ (13.97 cm × 21.59 cm)
• Weight: 10.9 oz (309 g)
• 80 pages of lined, cream-colored paper
• Matching elastic closure and ribbon marker
• Expandable inner pocket


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Hair Stylists
Whether you opt for a haircut or not, treat your tresses to the expertise of the hair styling specialists at Eliana's Salon salon. Offering the latest style trends and hair designs combined with the dependable efficiency required to maintain and manage a day to day look that suits your lifestyle, our friendly and professional staff offer reliable services according to the specific needs of our clientele. Choose a fresh look or boost your current hairstyle with a knowledgeable consultation at our full service salon.
Hair for Every Day or Extra Special Occasions
Eliana's Salon offers a range of hairstyling packages including skilled color consultation, deep conditioning and professional blow drying; curling and flat iron expertise and up-dos for weddings or other special events. Browse through our wide variety of superior hair care products when you visit our welcoming salon and benefit from hair care advice that is always customized to your hair type and texture.
Is It Time for A New Hair Style?
Are you spending too much time styling your hair? This is the case for many people. If you're devoting excessive amounts of time and struggling to keep your hair in place with lots of products when getting ready for work or an evening out, it may be time for something new. Consult with the hair styling experts for practical advice and fresh ideas.
Have you kept the same style for 5 years or more? "If it isn't broke, don't fix it" is an adage that may work well for a machine, but not necessarily when referring to your hairstyle. Visit Eliana's Salon for a completely new style or to make some adjustments to your preferred classic look.
Ideally, a hairstyle should match up with your wardrobe, career and day to day lifestyle. If you have a busy schedule, opt for a style that is easy to manage and still leaves you looking your best. Whether you want a big change or just a small tweak , Eliana's Salon hair stylists work closely with our clients to find the style that best suits your everyday needs or special occasions.
Visit or call to book an appointment.
Hair Care Tips
In addition to getting the right cut to keep your look fresh in between salon visits, styling starts with skilled blow-drying techniques. Read our quick dry techniques below from our salon professionals. :
Blow Drying Basics:
Towel dry your hair – Pat gently, don't rub, to avoid breakage.
Section off – Using an elastic or hair clips to separate hair and dry one section at a time.
Dry from the hair root, down the hair shaft, to the ends - Direct dryer heat using a brush to pull down hair in the natural direction of the cuticle from scalp to the tips.
Even heat distribution - Avoid directing heat in one area for too long which can lead to excessive damage. Use a thermal protectant for even better results.
Invest in a high quality professional dryer – Cut down drying time and increase heat and styling power with the latest lightweight models. Ask a Eliana's Salon professional for more info.


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Get information on address, contact details, reviews & lowest prices on membership fees on Fitternity.
You can search the best Yoga Classes in bangalore & filter by location, distance & ratings / reviews on Fitternity. You can explore over 17+ fitness activities including gyms, zumba classes, crossfit, yoga classes, kickboxing, martial arts, pilates, swimming and more! Book a free trial & purchase a membership at the lowest prices (no need to negotiate or call - Fitternity prices are the lowest possible). You can also workout without any commitment - by doing pay-per-session. All you need to do is log onto our website www.fitternity.com or download the Fitternity mobile app, create an account, plug in your city, choose your preferred fitness option and get booking. It's that easy. If you need help call us on our support centre & we can assist you right away.


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Cracked Teeth
Because we live longer and more stressful lives today, we are exposing our teeth to many more years of potentially damaging habits such as clenching, grinding, and chewing on hard objects.
These habits make our teeth more susceptible to cracks. Your endodontist may treat a cracked tooth to prevent further damage to the tooth structure and tissue.
Cracked teeth do not always show any visible signs of damage, but may present a variety of symptoms, including erratic pain when you chew with them, and pain or sensitivity to heat and cold. In many cases, the pain may come and go, making it difficult for your doctor to locate the source.
Why Cracked Teeth Hurt
When the outer hard tissues of the tooth are cracked, chewing can cause movement of the pieces, and the pulp becomes irritated. When biting pressure is released, the crack can close quickly, resulting in a momentary, sharp pain. Irritation of the dental pulp can be repeated many times by chewing.
Eventually, the pulp will become damaged to the point where it can no longer heal itself. The tooth will not only hurt during chewing but may also become sensitive to extreme temperatures. In time, a cracked tooth may begin to hurt all by itself. Extensive cracks will lead to infection of the pulp tissue, even spreading to the bone and gum tissue that surround the tooth.
Types of Cracked Teeth
There are many different types of cracked teeth. The treatment and outcome for your tooth depends on the type, location, and extent of the crack.
Craze Lines
Craze lines are tiny cracks that affect only the outer enamel. These cracks are extremely common in adult teeth. Craze lines are very shallow, cause no pain, and are of no concern beyond appearance.
Fractured Cusp
When a cusp (the pointed part of the chewing surface) becomes weakened, a fracture sometimes results. The weakened cusp may break off by itself or have to be removed by the endodontist. When this happens, the pain will usually be relieved. A fractured cusp rarely damages the pulp, so root canal treatment is seldom needed. Your tooth will usually be restored with a full crown by your dentist.
Cracked Tooth
Some cracks extend from the chewing surface of the tooth vertically toward the root. A cracked tooth may not be completely separated into two distinct segments. Because of the position of the crack, damage to the pulp is common. Root canal treatment is frequently needed to treat the injured pulp.
Your dentist will restore your tooth with a crown to hold the pieces together and protect the cracked tooth. At times, the crack may extend below the gingival tissue line, which requires extraction.
Split Tooth
A split tooth is often the result of long-term progression of a cracked tooth. The split tooth is identified by a crack with distinct segments that can be separated. A split tooth cannot be saved intact. The position and extent of the crack, however, will determine whether a part of the tooth can be saved. In rare instances, endodontic treatment and a crown or other restoration by your dentist may be used to save a portion of the tooth.
Vertical Root Fracture
Vertical root fractures are cracks that begin in the root of the tooth and extend toward the chewing surface. They often show minimal signs and symptoms and may therefore go unnoticed until the surrounding bone and gum become infected. Treatment may entail extraction of the tooth. However, endodontic surgery is sometimes appropriate if a portion of the tooth can be saved by removal of the fractured root.
Preventing Cracked Teeth
While cracked teeth are not completely preventable, you can take some steps to make your teeth less susceptible to cracks.
- Don't chew on hard objects such as ice, unpopped popcorn kernels, or pens.
- Don't clench or grind your teeth.
- Wear a mouthguard or protective mask when playing contact sports.
Early diagnosis is important. Even with high magnification and special lighting, it can be challenging to determine the extent of a crack. A cracked tooth that is not treated will progressively worsen, and eventually result in the loss of the tooth. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to saving these teeth.


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Repair, Coating or Replacement?
Request Our FREE Guide to Determine Yourself.
Commercial Roofing Companies in Battle Creek, Michigan
Commercial roofs are built to last, but at some point they all have problems. When your roof needs attention, you can expect to receive dedicated, professional service from our valued members in the commercial roofing industry. They perform commercial roofing services for small businesses, corporations, and property management firms.
Beginning with your free Battle Creek, Michigan roof estimate, our members will carefully examine your roof and determine if it needs any work done. Once finished, they will provide you with a full briefing of what's going on with your roof and how they can help. From start to finish, our professionals are completely focused on your unique demands.
Seamless Roof Coatings vs. Traditional Roof Replacement
Commercial Roofing Services
Collectively, our members are capable of handling any need:
- Repair
- Restoration
- Inspection
- Maintenance
- Cooling and Insulation
- Leak Detection
- So Much More!
The highly flexible elastomeric coatings our members use can shrink and expand as necessary to maintain a watertight seal across the entire roof surface. Also, since the top coat reflects up to 85% of the sun, the seamless roofing system can help pay for itself by drastically lowering A/C costs.
To see if your roof's life can be extended, schedule a free on-site inspection.
Our white, reflective roof systems save money


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All pre-owned vehicle prices exclude tax, tags, and processing fee of $949 additional. It is possible that an advertised vehicle is subject to an open Manufacturer Recall for safety issues. Repairs may not be performed prior to sale because the remedy or parts are unavailable or for other reasons. You may also visit https://vinrcl.safercar.gov/vin/ to check for open manufacturer recalls on selected vehicles. See dealer for details.
* The advertised price does not include sales tax, vehicle registration fees, other fees required by law, finance charges and any documentation charges.
* Images, prices, and options shown, including vehicle color, trim, options, pricing and other specifications are subject to availability, incentive offerings, current pricing and credit worthiness.
All vehicle specifications, prices and equipment are subject to change without notice. See above for information on purchase financing and lease program expiration dates. Prices and payments (including the amount down payment) do not include tax, titles, tags, documentation charges, emissions testing charges, or other fees required by law or lending organizations. The estimated payments may not include upfront finance charges that must be paid to be eligible for the purchase financing program used to estimate the APR and payments. Listed Annual Percentage Rates are provided for the selected purchase financing or lease programs available on the current date. Program expiration dates reflect currently announced program end dates, but these programs are subject to change at any time.
Lessees will be financially responsible for mileage beyond the elected quantity and for vehicle maintenance and repairs and excessive vehicle wear. Option to purchase at lease end for an amount may be determined at lease signing. Payments may be higher in some states. You may not be able to combine other incentives with the purchase financing or leasing programs presented above. Residency restrictions may apply. See dealer for details.
Listed APR, down payment, payments, incentives and other terms are estimates for example purposes only. Information provided is based on very well-qualified buyers or lessees. The payment information provided here is not a commitment by any organization to provide credit, leases or other programs. Some customers may not qualify for listed programs. Your terms may vary. Lessor must approve lease. Credit approval required.
*Safford price and sale price may be higher due to inventory constraints. Pricing shown is non-binding and does not constitute an offer. Contact your dealer for updated vehicle pricing.
Look for this Save icon
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When a Lock is NOT a Lock!
In the last installment of this series "100 Thing you Probably Didn't Know About Oracle" you learned how Oracle locks the rows of a table. Here is what you learned in a nutshell:
(1) When a transaction modifies a record, the pre-change image is stored in the undo segments, which is required for various things; the most important of which is to provide a read consistent version of the row when another session wants it.
(2) The transaction is assigned a transaction identifier that shows the undo segment number, slot# and record of the undo information.
(3) The transaction locks the rows (since it did not commit) by placing a special type of data in the block header known as Interested Transaction List (ITL) entry. The ITL entry shows the transaction ID and other information.
(4) When a new transaction wants to update the same rows (locked by the previous transaction) it checks the ITL entries in the block first, to check if there is a lock.
(5) Since the lock information of rows is stored in the block itself, and the ITL entries in the block refer to the locks on the rows in that block alone, there is no need to have a central lock manager to dispense and handle the release of the locks. This makes the locking process not only immensely scalable but feasible as well since there is no theoretical limit to the number of locks.
[Updated Jan 22, 2011] [Thank you, Randolph Geist (firstname.lastname@example.com) for pointing it out. I follow his blog http://oracle-randolf.blogspot.com/, which is a treasure trove of information.
(6) The information that a row is locked is stored along with the row in the form of a lock byte.
[End of Update Jan 22, 2011]
While the article might have answered some of the vexing questions you may have had or needed some clarity on the concepts you were somewhat familiar with, I sincerely hope it has piqued you curiosity to learn even more about these concepts. If I was successful in explanation, now you should not be satisfied, you should have more questions. If you don't have any, then I completely failed in my explanation.
So, what are the questions? For starters, how do you know what objects being locked in the transaction? It's actually quite trivial. The view V$LOCK has provided that information for years, albeit in a convoluted form. A new view V$LOCKED_OBJECT is a bit more user-friendly. Let's examine that with an example. First, update a row:
SQL> update itltest set col2 = 'CHANGED BY SESSION AGAIN' where col1 = 221 2 / 1 row updated.
We can check the transaction ID:
SQL> select dbms_transaction.local_transaction_id from dual' LOCAL_TRANSACTION_ID -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.16.41316 1 row selected.
As you learned from the previous installment in this series, the transaction ID is a series of numbers denoting undo segment number, slot# and record# (also known as sequence#) respectively, separated by periods.
Now, check the view V$LOCKED_OBJECT:
SQL> select * from v$locked_object 2 / XIDUSN XIDSLOT XIDSQN OBJECT_ID SESSION_ID ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ORACLE_USERNAME OS_USER_NAME ------------------------------ ------------------------------ PROCESS LOCKED_MODE ------------------------ ----------- 2 16 41316 95263 56 ARUP oracle 13181 3
The view shows Undo Segment# (XIDUSN), Undo Slot# (XIDSLOT) and Undo Rec# (XIDSQN), which can be used to construct the transaction ID to be joined with the V$TRANSACTION to get the details. The view contains the column OBJECT_ID. Another important column is LOCKED_MODE, which shows the mode the rows are locked. In this case, it's "3", which means Row Exclusive. Here is a script that decodes the modes as well as reports the object name.
select owner object_owner, object_name object_name, session_id oracle_sid, oracle_username db_user, decode(LOCKED_MODE, 0, 'None', 1, 'Null', 2, 'Row Share', 3, 'Row Exclusive', 4, 'Share', 5, 'Sub Share Exclusive', 6, 'Exclusive', locked_mode ) locked_mode from v$locked_object lo, dba_objects do where (xidusn||'.'||xidslot||'.'||xidsqn) = ('&transid') and do.object_id = lo.object_id /
Save this script and execute it when you need further details on the transaction. The script will ask for the transaction ID which you can pass in the format reported by dbms_transaction.local_transaction_id.
Next, you may draw my attention to the point #3 above. If there are 10 records in the block and a transaction updated (and therefore locked) all ten of them, how many ITL entries will be used – one or ten?
Good question (I have to say that, since I asked that :) I suppose you can answer that yourself. Ten ITL slots may be feasible; but what if the block has 10,000 records? Is it possible to have that many ITL slots in the block header? Let's ponder on that for a second. There will be two big issues with that many ITL slots.
First, each ITL slot, by the way, is 24 bytes long. So, 10000 slots will take up 240,000 bytes or almost 22 KB. A typical Oracle block is 8KB (I know, it could be 2K, 4K or 16K; but suppose it is the default 8K). Of course it can't accommodate 22KB.
Second, even if the total size of the ITL slots is less than the size of the block, where will be the room to hold data? In addition, there should be some space for the data block overhead; where will that space come from?
Obviously, these are genuine problems that make one ITL slot per row impractical. Therefore Oracle does not create an ITL entry for each locked row. Instead, it creates the ITL entry for each transaction, which may have updated a number of rows. Let me repeat that – each ITL slot in the block header actually refers to a transaction; not the individual rows. That is the reason why you will not find the rowid of the rows locked in the ITL slot. Here is the ITL entry from the block header, again:
Itl Xid Uba Flag Lck Scn/Fsc 0x01 0x000a.019.00007c05 0x00c00288.1607.0e ---- 1 fsc 0x0000.00000000 0x02 0x0003.017.00009e24 0x00c00862.190a.0f C--- 0 scn 0x0000.02234e2b
There is a reference to a transaction ID; but not rowid. When a transaction wants to update a row in the block, it checks the ITL entries. If there is none, it means rows in that block are unlocked. However, if there are some ITL entries, does it mean that some rows in the block are locked? Not necessarily. It simply means that the rows the block were locked earlier; but that lock may or may not be active now. To check if a row is locked, the transaction checks for the lock byte stored along with the row.
That brings up an interesting question. If presence of an ITL slot does not mean a record in the block is locked, when does the ITL slot get cleared so that it can be reused, or when does that ITL slot disappear? Shouldn't that ITL slot disappear when the transaction ends by commit or rollback? That should be the next burning question throbbing in your head right now.
Clearing of ITL Slots
To answer that question, consider this scenario: a transaction updates 10000 records, on 10000 different blocks. Naturally there will be 10000 ITL slots, one on each block, all pointing to the same transaction ID. The transaction commits; and the locks are released. Should Oracle revisit each block and remove the ITL entry corresponding to the transaction as a part of the commit operation?
If that were the processing logic, the commit would have taken a very long time. Acquiring the buffers of the 10000 blocks and updating the ITL entry will not be quick; it will take a very long time, prolonging the commit processing. From part 1 of the series, you learned that the commit processing is actually very quick, with a flush of the log buffer to redo logs and the writing of the commit marker in the redo stream. Even a checkpoint to the datafiles is not done as a part of commit processing – all the effort going towards making the process fast, very fast. Had Oracle added the logic of altering ITL slots, the commit processing would have been potentially long, very long. Therefore Oracle does not remove the ITL entries after that transaction ends (by committing, or rolling back); the slots are just left behind as artifacts.
The proof, as they say, is in the pudding. Let's see with an example:
SQL> create table itltest (col1 number, col2 varchar2(200)); Table created. SQL> begin 2 for i in 1..1000 loop 3 insert into itltest values ( 4 i,'INITIAL VALUE OF COLUMN'); 5 end loop; 6 end; 7 / PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> commit; Commit complete.
This inserts 1000 records. Let's find out the file and block these records go to:
1 select 2 dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(rowid) File#, 3 dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid) Block#, 4 count(1) 5 from itltest 6 group by 7 dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(rowid), 8 dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid) 9 order by 10* 1,2 SQL> / FILE# BLOCK# COUNT(1) ---------- ---------- ---------- 7 4027 117 7 4028 223 7 4029 220 7 4030 220 7 4031 220 5 rows selected.
Let's identify the rows in a specific block, block# 4028, for instance.
SQL> select min(col1), max(col1)
2 from itltest
3 where dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid) = 4028
---------- ----------
1 223
1 row selected.
Block 4028 has the rows 1 through 223. That's all we need to know for now. We will limit our activity to this block alone. We will need to update a single row in this block from a session:
SQL> update itltest set col2 = 'Changed' where col1 = 1;
Do NOT commit; just keep the session at this point. Open a different session, and update a different row, e.g. one with col1 = 2. Since this is a different row, there will be no lock contention. Similarly update 20 other rows on this block. There will be 20 different transactions on the rows of this table.
Let's examine the innards of the block by dumping it. Before that, we should flush the block to the disk.
SQL> alter system checkpoint; System altered. SQL> alter system dump datafile 7 block min 4028 block max 4028; System altered.
The information will be written to a tracefile. We have to know the SPID of the process to identify the tracefile:
SQL> select p.spid 2 from v$session s, v$process p 3 where s.sid = (select sid from v$mystat where rownum < 2) 4* and p.addr = s.paddr SQL> / SPID ------------------------ 9537
We will locate a file called D112D2_ora_9537.trc in the trace directory. Please note, this tracefile is named OracleSID
Block header dump: 0x01c00fbc Object id on Block? Y seg/obj: 0x1741f csc: 0x00.235a849 itc: 36 flg: E typ: 1 - DATA brn: 0 bdba: 0x1c00fb8 ver: 0x01 opc: 0 inc: 0 exflg: 0 Itl Xid Uba Flag Lck Scn/Fsc 0x01 0x0008.00d.0000a1eb 0x00c015d1.1d3c.28 ---- 1 fsc 0x0005.00000000 0x02 0x0007.018.00007fab 0x00c01246.180b.21 ---- 1 fsc 0x0005.00000000 0x03 0x0003.004.0000a1b0 0x00c005ef.1a18.07 ---- 1 fsc 0x0005.00000000 0x04 0x0010.010.00000004 0x00c011ee.0001.10 ---- 1 fsc 0x0005.00000000 0x05 0x000e.00e.00000003 0x00c011cb.0001.0f ---- 1 fsc 0x0005.00000000 0x06 0x000c.00e.00000003 0x00c011ab.0001.1b ---- 1 fsc 0x0005.00000000 0x07 0x0013.011.00000004 0x00c00f9c.0001.0f ---- 1 fsc 0x0005.00000000 0x08 0x0002.00a.0000a166 0x00c014d8.1c06.12 ---- 1 fsc 0x0005.00000000 0x09 0x0001.010.00007f65 0x00c00cd3.16ae.14 ---- 1 fsc 0x0005.00000000 0x0a 0x0014.01b.00000008 0x00c00faa.0003.67 ---- 1 fsc 0x0005.00000000 0x0b 0x000f.00f.00000003 0x00c011db.0001.20 ---- 1 fsc 0x0005.00000000 0x0c 0x000d.00f.00000004 0x00c011bb.0001.1d ---- 1 fsc 0x0005.00000000 0x0d 0x0012.010.00000003 0x00c00f8b.0001.1c ---- 1 fsc 0x0005.00000000 0x0e 0x000a.00c.00007f76 0x00c003d7.16ea.31 ---- 1 fsc 0x0005.00000000 0x0f 0x0011.010.00000004 0x00c011fb.0001.10 ---- 1 fsc 0x0005.00000000 0x10 0x0009.000.0000a236 0x00c00e91.1bbe.17 ---- 1 fsc 0x0005.00000000 0x11 0x0006.00e.0000a1fc 0x00c0035c.1c24.2d ---- 1 fsc 0x0005.00000000 0x12 0x000b.012.00000003 0x00c01193.0001.1d ---- 1 fsc 0x0005.00000000 0x13 0x0004.00e.00007ff7 0x00c00d01.1771.0a ---- 1 fsc 0x0005.00000000 0x14 0x0005.002.0000a19f 0x00c00f1a.1bd6.1d ---- 1 fsc 0x0005.00000000 0x15 0x0015.000.00000002 0x00c00fba.0000.02 ---- 1 fsc 0x0005.00000000 0x16 0x0016.000.00000002 0x00c00fca.0000.02 ---- 1 fsc 0x0005.00000000 0x17 0x0017.000.00000002 0x00c00fda.0000.02 ---- 1 fsc 0x0005.00000000 0x18 0x0018.000.00000002 0x00c00fea.0000.02 ---- 1 fsc 0x0005.00000000 0x19 0x0019.000.00000002 0x00c00ffa.0000.02 ---- 1 fsc 0x0005.00000000 0x1a 0x001a.000.00000002 0x00c0100a.0000.02 ---- 1 fsc 0x0005.00000000 0x1b 0x001b.000.00000002 0x00c0101a.0000.02 ---- 1 fsc 0x0005.00000000 0x1c 0x001c.000.00000002 0x00c0102a.0000.02 ---- 1 fsc 0x0005.00000000 0x1d 0x001d.000.00000002 0x00c0103a.0000.02 ---- 1 fsc 0x0005.00000000 0x1e 0x001e.002.00000002 0x00c0104a.0000.03 ---- 1 fsc 0x0005.00000000 0x1f 0x001f.002.00000002 0x00c0105a.0000.03 ---- 1 fsc 0x0005.00000000 0x20 0x0020.000.00000002 0x00c0106a.0000.02 ---- 1 fsc 0x0005.00000000 0x21 0x0021.005.00000002 0x00c0107a.0000.08 ---- 1 fsc 0x0000.00000000 0x22 0x0022.000.00000002 0x00c0108a.0000.02 ---- 1 fsc 0x0005.00000000 0x23 0x0023.000.00000002 0x00c0109a.0000.02 ---- 1 fsc 0x0005.00000000 0x24 0x0024.000.00000002 0x00c010aa.0000.02 ---- 1 fsc 0x0005.00000000 bdba: 0x01c00fbc data_block_dump,data header at 0xeb6994
Note the Itl entries – there is an entry for each transaction, marked by its transaction ID, as expected. When the block was created, there were two ITL slots. As the demand for locks increased, additional slots were created and used for these new transactions.
Now go to all these sessions and either commit or rollback to end the transactions. Dump the block and search for "Itl". The ITL slots are still there, even though the transactions have ended and the locks released. Oracle does not update the ITL entries.
So, when does the ITL entry gets cleared? When block's buffer is written to the disk, the unneeded ITL entries are checked and cleared out. Let's force a block flushing:
SQL> alter system checkpoint;Now dump the data block once again and examine the ITLs. Here is an excerpt from the tracefiles.
Object id on Block? Y seg/obj: 0x1741f csc: 0x00.235a849 itc: 36 flg: E typ: 1 - DATA brn: 0 bdba: 0x1c00fb8 ver: 0x01 opc: 0 inc: 0 exflg: 0 Itl Xid Uba Flag Lck Scn/Fsc 0x01 0x0014.016.00000008 0x00c00fb3.0002.11 C--- 0 scn 0x0000.0235a524 0x02 0x0000.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 ---- 0 fsc 0x0000.00000000 0x03 0x0000.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 ---- 0 fsc 0x0000.00000000 0x04 0x0000.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 ---- 0 fsc 0x0000.00000000 0x05 0x0000.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 ---- 0 fsc 0x0000.00000000 0x06 0x0000.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 ---- 0 fsc 0x0000.00000000 0x07 0x0000.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 ---- 0 fsc 0x0000.00000000 0x08 0x0000.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 ---- 0 fsc 0x0000.00000000 0x09 0x0000.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 ---- 0 fsc 0x0000.00000000 0x0a 0x0000.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 ---- 0 fsc 0x0000.00000000 0x0b 0x0000.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 ---- 0 fsc 0x0000.00000000 0x0c 0x0000.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 ---- 0 fsc 0x0000.00000000 0x0d 0x0000.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 ---- 0 fsc 0x0000.00000000 0x0e 0x0000.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 ---- 0 fsc 0x0000.00000000 0x0f 0x0000.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 ---- 0 fsc 0x0000.00000000 0x10 0x0000.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 ---- 0 fsc 0x0000.00000000 0x11 0x0000.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 ---- 0 fsc 0x0000.00000000 0x12 0x0000.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 ---- 0 fsc 0x0000.00000000 0x13 0x0000.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 ---- 0 fsc 0x0000.00000000 0x14 0x0000.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 ---- 0 fsc 0x0000.00000000 0x15 0x0000.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 ---- 0 fsc 0x0000.00000000 0x16 0x0000.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 ---- 0 fsc 0x0000.00000000 0x17 0x0000.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 ---- 0 fsc 0x0000.00000000 0x18 0x0000.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 ---- 0 fsc 0x0000.00000000 0x19 0x0000.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 ---- 0 fsc 0x0000.00000000 0x1a 0x0000.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 ---- 0 fsc 0x0000.00000000 0x1b 0x0000.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 ---- 0 fsc 0x0000.00000000 0x1c 0x0000.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 ---- 0 fsc 0x0000.00000000 0x1d 0x0000.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 ---- 0 fsc 0x0000.00000000 0x1e 0x0000.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 ---- 0 fsc 0x0000.00000000 0x1f 0x0000.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 ---- 0 fsc 0x0000.00000000 0x20 0x0000.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 ---- 0 fsc 0x0000.00000000 0x21 0x0021.002.00000002 0x00c0107a.0000.05 C--- 0 scn 0x0000.0235a807 0x22 0x0000.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 ---- 0 fsc 0x0000.00000000 0x23 0x0000.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 ---- 0 fsc 0x0000.00000000 0x24 0x0000.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 ---- 0 fsc 0x0000.00000000 bdba: 0x01c00fbc data_block_dump,data header at 0x484994
Note the Xid columns – the transaction Id, which shows 0's, meaning there is no transaction using the ITL slots. These ITL slots are eligible for reuse. Update two rows from two different sessions, checkpoint and dump the block once again. Here is the ITL information again:
Itl Xid Uba Flag Lck Scn/Fsc
0x01 0x0014.016.00000008 0x00c00fb3.0002.11 C--- 0 scn 0x0000.0235a524
0x02 0x0005.009.0000a1a5 0x00c00f21.1bd6.04 ---- 1 fsc 0x0016.00000000
0x03 0x000a.002.00007f7a 0x00c003d8.16ea.13 ---- 1 fsc 0x0016.00000000
0x04 0x0000.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 ---- 0 fsc 0x0000.00000000
0x05 0x0000.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 ---- 0 fsc 0x0000.00000000
0x06 0x0000.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 ---- 0 fsc 0x0000.00000000
... and so on ...
The first two Itl slots are now used. Note, only the ITL slots in this specific block will be created. All other blocks will continue to have the same number of ITL slots.
ITL Waits
From the part 2 of this series you learned that the ITL slots are not preallocated, at least not all of them. When a transaction needs to lock rows in the block, and it does not find an unused ITL slot, Oracle creates a new ITL slot for the transaction. Consider the figure below. There is no more room in the block for a new ITL entry. A new transaction comes in to update Record3. What will happen?
The transaction will have to wait. This is not the same wait as a row lock; because there is no lock on the row marked Record3.Instead, session will wait on a special wait event. You can check the wait event from the V$SESSION view.
SQL> select event 2 from v$session 3 where sid = 78 4 / EVENT ---------------------------------------------------------------- enq: TX - allocate ITL entry
The moment one of the transactions – from either Session1 or Session2 end by commit or rollback, the new transaction can grab that ITL slot and complete the locking operation. You will see that wait event disappear.
Since the ITL waits come and go, how do you capture them; or more specifically how will you know which objects are being subjected to this wait? It's fairly trivial. Since Oracle 9.2 a new view – V$SEGMENT_STATSTICS – shows various segment related statistics on segments. Here is an example:
SQL> select statistic_name, value from v$segment_statistics
2* where object_name = 'ITLTEST';
---------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
logical reads 7216
buffer busy waits 3
gc buffer busy 0
db block changes 5600
physical reads 0
physical writes 39
physical read requests 0
physical write requests 9
physical reads direct 0
physical writes direct 0
optimized physical reads 0
gc cr blocks received 0
gc current blocks received 0
ITL waits 2
row lock waits 1
Various stats on the segment named ITLTEST are listed here. Of the lot, the one interesting to our discussion here is "ITL waits", which shows "2". It means the table ITLTEST has waited 2 times for ITL waits (not for a legitimate row locking, which shown in the stats immediately afterwards).
Conversely, you may want to find out what have been subjected to ITL waits. The following query shows you that:
SQL> select owner, object_name 2 from v$segment_statistics 3 where statistic_name = 'ITL waits' 4* and value > 0; OWNER OBJECT_NAME ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ARUP ITLTEST 1 row selected.
The view has many more columns for making filtering easier:
SQL> desc v$segment_statistics Name Null? Type ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- OWNER VARCHAR2(30) OBJECT_NAME VARCHAR2(30) SUBOBJECT_NAME VARCHAR2(30) TABLESPACE_NAME VARCHAR2(30) TS# NUMBER OBJ# NUMBER DATAOBJ# NUMBER OBJECT_TYPE VARCHAR2(18) STATISTIC_NAME VARCHAR2(64) STATISTIC# NUMBER VALUE NUMBER
Actually selecting from the above view is a bit expensive on the database. The base view is V$SEGSTAT, shown below:
SQL> desc v$segstat Name Null? Type ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- TS# NUMBER OBJ# NUMBER DATAOBJ# NUMBER STATISTIC_NAME VARCHAR2(64) STATISTIC# NUMBER VALUE NUMBER
While V$SEGMENT_STATISTICS show much more information, it's a little slow due to all those joins. If you don't need all that information, you may want to select instead from V$SEGSTAT, which is usually faster. The columns are self explanatory; but here they are in any case:
TS# - the tablespace number. You can use this to get the tablespace name from TS$ table joined by TS# column
OBJ# - the object_id, from dba_objects. You can get the rest of the details from that view
DATAOBJ# - the data_object_id, from dba_objects. This is usually the same as object_id; except in case of sub-objects such as partitions in which case they differ.
One important point about this view: like all V$ views, it shows information from the start of the instance. When the instance recycles, the values are reset to 0. To get a historical information, you should periodically select from this view and store in a regular table. If you have AWR enabled, you can check the historical records from there. Here is an example:
SQL> select snap_id, ITL_WAITS_TOTAL, ITL_WAITS_DELTA 2 from DBA_HIST_SEG_STAT 3 where obj# = 95263 4* order by snap_id; SNAP_ID ITL_WAITS_TOTAL ITL_WAITS_DELTA ---------- --------------- --------------- 5014 2 2 1 row selected.
Well, so far I talked about a problem. Is there a solution? Of course there is.
Remember, the cause of ITL waits is simply space inside a block. If there is no space inside the block to grow the ITL list to add more slots, the sessions will wait with the ITL wait event. So the solution is to reserve same space for that growth. There are two basic alternatives to solve the ITL wait problem:
Remember the little clause during table or index creation? Have you ever explicitly set it to its non-default value? Most likely you haven't. It specifies the number of ITL slots that must be initially created on a block. If you specify 10, then 10 ITL slots are created on the block, guaranteeing the slot for 10 transactions. The 11th transaction will need to extend the ITL list; or wait if that is not possible.
To check for the INITRANS value of tables, use:
SQL> select ini_trans 2 from dba_tables 3 where table_name = 'T'; INI_TRANS ---------- 10
(2) Less Space for Data
The other option is to make sure that you have less data inside a data block to allow the ITL sufficient free space. You can do it by several ways – by setting a high value of PCTFREE and by setting MINIMIZE_RECORDS_PER_BLOCK clause.
Obviously, both these options waste space inside the block; so you should use these only on those segments that experience high ITL waits, as you can see from AWR reports or your homegrown data collectors. To increase the INITRANS of an existing table, you should issue:
Remember, the setting affects the new blocks only; not the existing ones. You can issue ALTER TABLE … MOVE command to relocate the blocks to new blocks, and thereby effecting the new settings.
What is the upper limit of the ITL slots? They are set by a parameter of the object called MAXTRANS. The default is 256. If you set it to 20, the ITL slots will go up to that much only. However, the parameter has no effect in Oracle 10gR2. It's ignored and the ITL slots can go up to 256.
In this installment you learned:
(1) ITL itself does not say whether a row is locked or not. The lock byte stored in the row tells that.
(2) When a transaction ends, the corresponding ITL entry is not removed or altered. It gets cleared during flush to the disk.
(3) When the ITL can't grow due to the lack of space in the block, the session waits will the event "enq: TX - allocate ITL entry"
(4) You can identify the segments that have suffered from this wait by checking the view V$SEGSTAT.
(5) To reduce the possibility of these waits, you should have sufficient space inside the data block for ITL expansion, either by defining higher number of initial ITL slots, or forcing less data inside the blocks.
I hope you enjoyed this installment. As always, I will appreciate if you drop in a line on how you liked it.


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