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This page will attempt to summarize some of the more commonly asked questions. The answers are on the corresponding pages (see link). If you have a question which isn't answered here, you can leave your question on the Questions page or search for documentation using the search facility. More documentation can be found on the documentation index page.
What is PmWiki?
PmWiki is a wiki-based system for collaborative creation and maintenance of websites. See PmWiki.
What can I do with it?
PmWiki pages look and act like normal web pages, except they have an "Edit" link that makes it easy to modify existing pages and add new pages into the website, using basic editing rules. You do not need to know or use any HTML or CSS. Page editing can be left open to the public or restricted to small groups of authors. Feel free to experiment with the Text Formatting Rules in the "Wiki sandbox". The website you're currently viewing is built and maintained with PmWiki.
What are the requirements?
See the PmWiki requirements page.
Where can I find documentation?
See the documentation index page.
How can I download PmWiki?
See the download page.
How do I install PmWiki?
Instructions for installation are on the installation page.
How do I get help with PmWiki?
See Mailing lists and How to get assistance.
How do you pronounce "Michaud"?
"Michaud" is french pronounced "mee show", the trailing D is silent.
I'm new to PmWiki, where can I find some basic help for getting started?
The Basic Editing page is a good start. From there, you can just follow the navigational links at the top or the bottom of the page (they are called Wiki Trails) to the next pages, or to the Documentation Index page, which provides an outline style index of essential documentation pages, organized from basic to advanced.
How do I include special characters such as Copyright (©) and Trademark (® or ™) on my wiki pages?
See special characters on how to insert special characters that don't appear on your keyboard.
How can I preserve line-breaks from the source text?
PmWiki normally treats consecutive lines of text as being a paragraph, and merges and wraps lines together on output. This is consistent with most other wiki packages. An author can use the (:linebreaks:)
directive to cause the following lines of markup text in the page to be kept as separate lines in the output. Or a wiki administrator can set in config.php
to force literal new lines for the whole site.
= '
';
Can I just enter HTML directly?
By default (and by design), PmWiki does not support the use of HTML elements in the editable markup for wiki pages. There are a number of reasons for this described in the PmWiki Philosophy and Audiences. Enabling HTML markup within wiki pages in a collaborative environment may exclude some potential authors from being able to edit pages, and pose a number of display and security issues. However, a site administrator can use the Cookbook:Enable HTML recipe to enable the use of HTML markup directly in pages.
Where can I find more documentation?
See the documentation index and the markup master index pages.
How do I create a new page?
Typing [[my new page]] will create a link to the new page. There's a lot you can do with double bracket links.
Why do some new pages have a title with spaces like "Creating New Pages" and others end up with a WikiWord-like title like "CreatingNewPages"?
The default page title is simply the name of page, which is normally stored as "CreatingNewPages." However, you can override a page's title by using the (:title Creating New Pages:)
directive. This is especially useful when there are special characters or capitalization that you want in the title that cannot be used in the page name.
How do I create a link that will open as a new window?
Use the %newwin%
wikistyle, as in:
%newwin% https://example.com/ %% |
How do I create a link that will open a new window, and configure that new window?
How do I place a mailing address in a page?
Use the mailto:
markup, as in one of the following:
* mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com * [[mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com]] * [[mailto:email@example.com | email me]] * [[mailto:email@example.com?subject=Some subject | email me]] |
The markup [[mailto:email@example.comemail@example.comemail@example.com&subject=Pre-set Subject&body=Pre-set body | display text]]
lets you specify more parameters like the message body and more recipients (may not work in all browsers and e-mail clients).
See also Cookbook:DeObMail for information on protecting email addresses from spammers.
How can I enable links to other protocols, such as nntp:, ssh:, xmpp:, etc?
How do I make a WikiWord link to an external page instead of a WikiPage?
Use link markup. There are two formats:
[[https://example.com/ | WikiWord]] [[WikiWord -> https://example.com/]]
How do I find all of the pages that link to another page (i.e., backlinks)?
In the wiki search form, use link=Group.Page
to find all pages linking to Group.Page.
Use the link=
option of the (:pagelist:)
directive, as in
(:pagelist link=SomePage list=all:) -- show all links to SomePage (:pagelist link={$FullName} list=all:) -- show all links to the current page
Note that (with a few exceptions) includes, conditionals, pagelists, searchresults, wikitrails, and redirects are not evaluated for Wikilinks, and so any links they put on the page will not be found as backlinks. All other directives and markup, for example links brought to the page by (:pmform:), will be found.
What link schemes does PmWiki support?
How do I open external links in a new window or mark them with an icon?
How can I use an image as a link?
Use [[Page| Attach:image.jpg ]] or [[ https://site | https://site/image.jpg ]] See Images#links
Why my browser does not follow local file:// links?
For security reasons, most browsers will only enable file:// links if the page containing the link is itself on the local drive. In other words, most browsers do not allow links to file:// from pages that were fetched using https:// such as in a PmWiki site. See also Cookbook:DirList for a workaround.
How links to the first existed page ? for example [[Group1.Page Group2.Page|Page]]
(:if exists Group1.Page:) [[Group1.Page|Page]] (:elseif exists Group2.Page:) [[Group2.Page|Page]] (:ifend:)
How do I make Reference links also show up on the bottom of the page like Wikipedia? Or, how do I list all links on a page?
See Cookbook:Footnotes.
Why are some external images correctly embedded, and others aren't?
If the current page is on a secure URL with the "https://" protocol, some browsers will refuse to load pictures from insecure URLs (the other way around is allowed). Also, some webmasters configure their servers to disallow hotlinking.
Is it possible to link an image on PmWiki without using a fully qualified URL?
Yes. For images that are attachments, the general format is Attach:Groupname./image.gif
. To link to an image that is on the same server, use Path:/path/to/image.gif
where "Path:" replaces the server name like "https://www.example.com".
Can I attach a client image file on PmWiki?
Yes, see Uploads .
How can I include a page from another group that contains an attached image?
Include the page in the normal way, ie (:include GroupName.Pagename:)
. In the page to be included (that contains the image) change Attach:filename.ext
to Attach:{$Group}./filename.ext
Why, if I put an image with rframe or rfloat and immediatly after that I open a new page section with ! the section title row is below the image instead of on the left side?
Because the CSS for headings such as ! contains an element clear:both which forces this behaviour. Redefine the CSS locally if you want to stop this happening, but I think the bottom border (that underlines the heading) would need further re-definition. I just use bolding for the title, and 4 dashes below ---- to separate a new section, and it saves the effort of fiddling with the core definitions.
Unlike the lframe and rframe directives, cframe does not fully honour the width setting. While the frame itself resizes to match the request, the enclosed image does not, and retains its original width. Effect is the same in IE and Fx. I've added an example beneath the standard example above.
Is it possible to disallow all images? I already disabled uploads but I also want to disallow external images from being shown on my wiki pages.
Yes, add to config.php:
DisableMarkup('img'); $ImgExtPattern = "$^";
How can I make it so that when I place an image in a page, the block of text it is in is a
 (paragraph) rather than a
 (division)?
If you just want it to happen for a single image (instead of all), then
try putting [==]
at the beginning of the line, as in:
[==] https://www.pmwiki.org/pub/pmwiki/pmwiki-32.gif
Having [==]
at the beginning of a line forces whatever follows to
be part of a paragraph.
Is there any way to use relative paths for images?
See Cookbook:RelativeLinks and $EnableLinkPageRelative
Is there a way to attach a BMP and have it display rather than link?
Add to config.php the following line:
$ImgExtPattern = "(?:$ImgExtPattern|\\.bmp|\\.BMP)";
Note that BMP images are uncompressed and quite heavy. You may wish to convert them to PNG (lossless) or JPG (lossy) format, and thus reduce 5-20 times their filesizes.
How do I add an image type to $ImgExtPattern
and yet have it include any future default image types added in PmWiki?
You can append the extensions to the $ImgExtPattern
variable this way:
$ImgExtPattern = "(?:$ImgExtPattern|\\.webp|\\.WEBP)";
Is there a way to have a table to the left or right of an image?
Yes, see TableAndImage.
When I upload a file, how do I make the link look like "file.doc" instead of "Attach:file.doc Δ"?
Use parentheses, as in [[(Attach:)file.doc]]
. There is also a configuration change that can eliminate the Attach:
-- see Cookbook:AttachLinks.
Why can't I upload files of size more than 50kB to my newly installed PmWiki?
Out of the box PmWiki limits the size of files to be uploaded to 50kB. Add
= 1000000; # limit upload file size to 1 megabyte
Why does my upload exit unexpectedly with "Incomplete file received"?
You may be running out of space in a 'scratch' area, used either by PmWiki or by PHP. On *nix, check that you have sufficient free space in /tmp and /var/tmp.
How do I make it so that the upload link still allows one to make another upload (if someone wants to replace the old version of a file with a newer version, for example). Currently you only get the upload link when there is no file in the upload directory.
Use the Attach page action, and click on the delta symbol (Δ) shown against each of files listed. If you can't see the attach action either uploads are not enabled, you are not authorized to upload, or the attach action has been commented out or is missing. See also available actions.
How do I hide the "Attach:" for all attachments
See Cookbook:AttachLinks, note that this does not currently work for [[Attach:my file.ext]]
How can I link a file that have a 4-letter file extension such like 'abc.pptx'?
How can I prevent others from using the url's of my images on their site
See Cookbook:Prevent Hotlinking
How can I display a file that lacks a correct extension? (e.g. you are using Cookbook:LinkIcons)
A file can be displayed by addition of a "false" extension to the URL. For example, if the url is http://example.com/dox/mydoc
, add a fake query string on the end with the desired extension (e.g., http://example.com/dox/mydoc?format=.docx
). If query strings are unsuitable, a fragment identifier should work, e.g. http://example.com/dox/mydoc#.docx
How do I create a basic table?
Tables are created via use of the double pipe character: ||
. Lines beginning with this markup denote rows in a table; within such lines the double-pipe is used to delimit cells. In the examples below a border is added for illustration (the default is no border).
|| border=1 rules=rows frame=hsides || cell 1 || cell 2 || cell 3 || || cell 1 || cell 2 || cell 3 || |
How do I create cell headers?
Header cells can be created by placing ! as the first character of a cell. Note that these are table headers, not headings, so it doesn't extend to !!, !!!, etc.
|| border=1 rules=cols frame=vsides ||! cell 1 ||! cell 2 ||! cell 3 || || cell 1 || cell 2 || cell 3 || |
How do I obtain a table with thin lines and more distance to the content?
"Thin lines" is tricky and browser dependent, but the following works for Firefox and IE (Nov. 2009):
||border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse" cellpadding="5" width=66% ||!Header ||! Header || '''Header'''|| ||cells || with || padding|| || || || || |
How do I create an advanced table?
See table directives
My tables are by default centered. When I try to use '||align=left' they don't align left as expected.
Use ||style="margin-left:0px;" instead.
How can I specify the width of columns?
You can define the widths via custom styles, see Cookbook:FormattingTables and $TableCellAttrFmt
. Add in config.php :
$TableCellAttrFmt = 'class=col$TableCellCount';
table.column td.col1 { width: 120px; } table.column td.col3 { width: 40px; }
How can I display a double pipe "||" in cell text using basic table markup?
Escape it with [=||=]
to display || unchanged.
How do I apply styles to the elements of the table, like an ID to the table row, or a class/style to the TD?
See $WikiStyleApply.
Alternately, use table directives, which allow specifying styling either directly (style="...") or by a class="..." attribute for CSS.
Can I define table headers using the table directive markup?
Yes, use (:head:)
or (:headnr:)
with PmWiki version 2.2.11 or newer. See also Cookbook:AdvancedTableDirectives.
Is it possible to do nested tables?
Yes, if you nest simple tables inside advanced tables. See also Cookbook:AdvancedTableDirectives.
Is it possible to add background images to tables and table cells?
Yes, see Cookbook:BackgroundImages.
Is it possible to apply styles to the elements of the table, like an ID to the table row, or a class/style to the TD?
Yes, see $WikiStyleApply.
Is it possible to automatically generate columns or rows in tables, i.e. without having to do a lot of counting?
Yes, this is possible with the Cookbook:CreateColumns recipe - it allows you to specify a certain number of columns, and/or to specify a certain number of items per column. Plus, someone has provided some similar markup on the TableDirectives-Talk page.
Is it possible to use table captions in table directives similar to simple tables? Tried ! Captiontext !
and (:caption:)
. Didn#t work. How to do?
Yes, this is possible with the Cookbook:AdvancedTableDirectives recipe - There you will find a (:caption:)
How can I change the keyboard shortcuts for editing and saving a page?
Can I get (:redirect:)
to return a "moved permanently" (HTTP 301) status code?
Use (:redirect PageName status=301:)
Is there any way to prevent the "redirected from" message from showing at the top of the target page when I use (:redirect:)
From version 2.2.1 on, set in config.php
and in the page $EnableRedirectQuiet
=1;(:redirect OtherPage quiet=1:)
for a quiet redirect.
Is there any method for redirecting to the equivalent page in a different group, i.e. from BadGroup/thispage => GoodGroup/thispage using similar markup to (:redirect Goodgroup.{Name}:)?
How can a wiki enable linebreaks by default, i.e. without having the directive (:linebreaks:)
in a page or in a GroupHeader?
Add to config.php such a line:$HTMLPNewline
= '
';
What's the maximum number of includes that can exist in a page?
By default, PmWiki places a limit of 50 include directives for any given page, to prevent runaway infinite loops and other situations that might eat up server resources. (Two of these are GroupHeader and GroupFooter.) The limit can be modified by the wiki administrator via the $MaxIncludes
Is there any way to include from a group of pages without specifying by exact name, e.g. between Anchor X and Y from all pages named IFClass-* ?
This can be achieved using page lists.
There appears to be a viewing issue when the included page contains the (:title:) directive.
In a default installation, the last title in the page overrides previous ones so you can place your (:title :) directive at the bottom of the page, after any includes. See also $EnablePageTitlePriority
How to test to see if the page is part of another page?
(:if ! name {PmWiki.IncludeOtherPages$FullName}:) %comment% name of this page is not the same as the page this text was sourced from ->[[{PmWiki.IncludeOtherPages$FullName}#anchor | more ...]] (:ifend:) |
Is there any way to include (chapters of) pages which are protected (authuser.php)?
You can achieve this the other way around: have the public sections in a public page (passwdread=@nopass or @_site_read) and include those into both the protected page, and the public page.
Note that it is strongly recommended to NOT hide sensitive content inside a conditional in an unprotected page.
Are InterMap names case sensitive?
Yes, thus eAdmin:
is a different InterMap link than EAdmin:
How can I achieve a localmap.txt mapping with the effect of Pics: Path:/somepathto/pics/
Use the following:
Pics: /somepathto/pics/
How can I define an InterMap in PHP?
Use the following:
$LinkFunctions['PmWikiHome:'] = 'LinkIMap'; $IMap['PmWikiHome:'] = 'https://pmwiki.org/wiki/$1';
Is there a variable like $LastModified, but which shows me the creation time?
No, but you can create one in config.php. For instance:
# add page variable {$PageCreationDate} in format yyyy-mm-dd
How can I test if a variable is set and/or not empty?
Use (:if ! equal "{$Variable}" "":) $Variable is not empty. (:ifend:)
. Note that undefined/inexistent variables appear as empty ones.
Categories: PmWiki Developer
How can I get rid of the 'Main' group in urls for pages pointing to Main?
How can I limit the creation of new groups?
See Cookbook:Limit Wiki Groups.
Why doesn't [[St. Giles and St. James]] work as a link? (It doesn't display anything.)
Because it contains periods, and destroys PmWiki's file structure, which saves pages as Group.PageName. Adding those periods disrupts this format. Links may only contain words. If you need a link precisely as shown, the page must be named eg StGilesAndStJames then you can use the (:title:) directive to have the page's title appear with periods (:title St. Giles and St. James:). (Although in US grammar the period is often omitted and in UK grammar the period must be omitted for contractions like St).
How can I delete a wiki group?
Normally you can't, as this requires an admin with server-side access to delete the file that makes up the group's RecentChanges page. But there is an option method of making it possible to delete RecentChanges pages from within the wiki if the admin enables the code found on Cookbook:RecentChanges Deletion.
How can I delete a wiki group's Group.RecentChanges page?
Normally you can't, as this requires an admin with server-side access to delete a file. But there is an optional method of making it possible to delete RecentChanges pages from within the wiki if the admin enables the code found on Cookbook:RecentChanges Deletion.
Can I delete a wiki group inside wiki.d folder on the server to eliminate the group?
Yes, if you delete all files named YourGroup.*, the pages from that group will be removed from the wiki. Note that the documentation (group PmWiki) and the site configuration (groups Site and SiteAdmin) that exist in the default installation, are located in wikilib.d and not in wiki.d, and some recipes provide files located in a wikilib.d subdirectory in the cookbook directory. (You shouldn't delete the groups Site and SiteAdmin, required for normal function.)
How can I list all pages in a WikiGroup?
In a wiki page use (:pagelist group=GroupName list=all:)
or in a search box type GroupName/ list=all
How do I set the same header or footer for all pages/groups?
The header and footer for each page are controlled by the variables $GroupHeaderFmt
and $GroupFooterFmt
. If your site-wide header and footer pages are Site.SiteHeader and Site.SiteFooter, you can add this in config.php:
### If you use Site.SiteHeader and Group.GroupHeader $GroupHeaderFmt = '(:include {$SiteGroup}.SiteHeader' . ' basepage={*$FullName}:)(:nl:)' . $GroupHeaderFmt; ### If you use Site.SiteHeader instead of Group.GroupHeader $GroupHeaderFmt = '(:include {$SiteGroup}.SiteHeader' . ' basepage={*$FullName}:)(:nl:)'; ### If you use Site.SiteFooter and Group.GroupFooter $GroupFooterFmt .= '(:nl:)(:include {$SiteGroup}.SiteFooter' . ' basepage={*$FullName}:)'; ### If you use Site.SiteFooter instead of Group.GroupFooter $GroupFooterFmt = '(:nl:)(:include {$SiteGroup}.SiteFooter' . ' basepage={*$FullName}:)';
Note that single quotes must be used in the lines above.
See also the Cookbook:AllGroupHeader recipe.
Instead of using an additional page, you could set any wiki text in $GroupHeaderFmt
, for example:
$GroupHeaderFmt .= "Global message here.";
What's the difference between a PageList and a WikiTrail?
The pagelist directive dynamically generates a list of pages. There are many ways to generate the list, including using a WikiTrail as the source. The pagelist directive then displays the pages that match the criteria using an optional template - for example displaying each page name on a separate line as a link or including the entire content. The pagelist directive currently does not have built-in navigation markup that you can put on the pages in the list. By contrast, WikiTrails are simply specified via links on an "index" page and you can put previous-next navigation markup on each page. The two serve very different purposes. WikiTrails are useful for specifying the pages in web feeds, for creating a "tour" through a predefined set of pages, and many other things.
Is there a way to remove page history from page files?
1. Administrators can clean page histories using the Cookbook:ExpireDiff recipe.
2. Administrators with FTP file access can download individual pages from the wiki.d directory, open them in a text editor, manually remove history, and re-upload the files to wiki.d/ directory. Care must be exercised, when manually editing a page file, to preserve the minimum required elements of the page and avoid corrupting its contents. See PageFileFormat#creating.
3. Edit the page. Select all the contents of the edit text area and cut them to the clipboard. Enter delete
into the text area and click on the save and edit button. Select all the contents of the edit text area and paste the contents of the clipboard over them. Click on the save button. This will remove all of the page's history up to the final save in which the pasted material is re-added.
How can I restrict viewing the page history (?action=diff)
to people with edit permission?
In the local/config.php file, set
$HandleAuth['diff'] = 'edit'
In case of this restriction is set up on a farm, and you want to allow it on a particular wiki, set in your local/config.php :
$HandleAuth['diff'] = 'read'
How can I password protect all the pages and groups on my site? Do I really have to set passwords page by page, or group by group?
Administrators can set passwords for the entire site by editing the config.php file; they don't have to set passwords for each page or group. For example, to set the entire site to be editable only by those who know an "edit" password, an administrator can add a line like the following to local/config.php:
['edit'] = pmcrypt('edit_password');
For more information about the password options that are available only to administrators, see PasswordsAdmin.
I get http error 500 "Internal Server Error" when I try to log in. What's wrong?
This can happen if the encrypted passwords are not created on the web server that hosts the PmWiki.
The PHP crypt() function changed during the PHP development, e.g. a password encrypted with PHP 5.2 can not be decrypted in PHP 5.1, but PHP 5.2 can decrypt passwords created by PHP 5.1.
This situation normally happens if you prepare everything on your local machine with the latest PHP version and you upload the passwords to a webserver which is running an older version.
The same error occurs when you add encrypted passwords to local/config.php.
Solution: Create the passwords on the system with the oldest PHP version and use them on all other systems.
How can I create private groups for users, so that each user can edit pages in their group, but no one else (other than the admin) can?
Modify the edit attribute for each group to id:username, e.g. set the edit attribute in JaneDoe.GroupAttributes to id:JaneDoe.
There is a more automatic solution, but it's probably not a good idea for most wikis. Administrators can use the AuthUser recipe and add the following few lines to their local/config.php file to set this up:
$group = FmtPageName('$Group', $pagename); $DefaultPasswords['edit'] = 'id:'.$group; include_once("$FarmD/scripts/authuser.php");
This automatically gives edit rights to a group to every user who has the same user name as the group name. Unfortunately it also gives edit rights to such a user who is visiting a same-named group not just for pages in that group, but for any page on the wiki that relies on the site's default edit password. This can create security holes.
How come when I switch to another wiki within a farm, I keep my same authorization?
PmWiki uses PHP sessions to keep track of authentication/authorization information, and by default PHP sets things up such that all interactions with the same server are considered part of the same session.
For security considerations about shared session pools, see the "Session injection" chapter in Cookbook:SessionSecurityAdvice.
To fix the browser-side convenience issue, one easy way is to make sure each wiki uses a different cookie name for its session identifier. Near the top of one of the wiki's local/config.php
files, before calling authuser or any other recipes, add a line like:
You can pick any alphanumeric name for XYZSESSID; for example, for the cs559-1 wiki you might choose
This will keep the two wikis' session cookies independent of each other.
Is it possible to test the password level for display and/or if condition? Example: * (:if WriterPassword:) (display Edit link) (:ifend:)
You can use (:if auth edit:)
. See ConditionalMarkup.
Can I use (:if …:)
to hide secrets in a wiki page?
You can, but usually that's not secure. The recommended strategy is to put secrets in a separate page and restrict all read-related¹ access permissions to those users who are allowed to read the secrets. To display the secrets in another page, you can include (parts of) the secrets page: Users with read access to the secrets will readily see them, whereas other users see nothing or (at your choosing) some other text, e.g. a login link.
(would allow include), edit
(would show the source), attr
(would allow to obtain read/edit), diff
(would allow viewing any change), source
(allows raw source display)
The reason why Conditional Markup isn't suitable for access control is that it only applies for rendering wikitext as a web page, and that's just one of many ways to access a page's text. In order to rely on Conditional Markup for protection of secrets, you'd have to restrict all access methods that can circumvent it. To do so, you'd need to keep track of all methods available. In a default installation of PmWiki, some of the easy methods include: Editing a page, viewing its edit history, its source, or including fragments of it into the edit preview of another page. (Preview: To avoid traces in RecentChanges.) However, this list is far from exhaustive, and could easily grow with Recipes? or future versions of PmWiki.
- Include just the #faq
sections from pages in the list. (This can also be expensive, especially if the list includes pages that don't have the [[#faq]]
- List pages and append the page's description if it exists. Creates dash by all names, but adding a nested loop to get rid of it causes markup problems (nested loops are not allowed).
- Simple bullet list of page names, without the Group name.
- Simple bullet list of spaced page names, without the Group name.
- A simple bullet list of page title and summary, defined in page by (:Title ttttt:)
and (:Summary
These formats are defined by page list templates, which can be customized.
This format is not predefined by a page list template:
- Display the number of pages in the list (note the absence of the "#"). In a trail, fmt=count
counts existing and non-existing pages ; to limit count to existing pages, use : if="exists {=$FullName}" fmt=count
(mailing list).
The "link=
" and "category=
" arguments implement "backlinks" -- i.e., it returns a list of pages with a link to the target, or declared in the category. It's especially useful for category pages and finding related pages.
The category=Name
argument differs from link=Category.Name
as it only lists pages declared in the category with the markup [[!Name]]
, and does not include pages simply linking to [[Category/Name]]
(unless they also contain [[!Name]]
(:pagelist link=PmWiki.DocumentationIndex:)
(:pagelist link={$FullName}:)
(:pagelist category=Skins:)
Since PmWiki 2.3.0, link=
and category=
accept multiple and negative targets and wildcard lists, see the section Wildcards.
Note, link=
and category=
will ignore the directives (:if...:), (:include...:), (:redirect...:), (:pagelist...:)
, and page text variable directives, while searching for links in a page. That means links in included pages will not be found, and links inside non-displayed conditional markup will be found. See PageTextVariables for ways to hide a link on a page while still allowing link=
to find it.
Note: The new category=
argument requires all pages containing [[!Category]]
links to be reindexed. See the recipe Cookbook:ReindexCategories which can automate this.
The "count=
" option provides the ability to
A simple bullet list of ten most recently modified pages |
Display the first ten pages of a list |
Negative numbers specify pages to be displayed from the end of the list: |
Ranges may be specified using '..', thus: |
count=1..10 # first ten pages of list count=5..10 # 5th through 10th pages of list |
Negative numbers in ranges count from the end of the list: |
Omitting the start or end of the range uses the start or end of the list: |
count=10.. # skip first ten pages count=..10 # 1st through 10th page of list count=-10.. # last ten pages of list count=..-10 # all but the last nine pages |
Ranges can be reversed, indicating that the order of pages in the output should likewise be reversed: |
count=5..10 # 5th through 10th pages of list count=10..5 # same as 5..10 but in reverse sequence count=-1..1 # all pages in reverse sequence |
"Reverse sequence" here refers to the sequence after any sorting has taken place. Therefore the three directives to the right are equivalent: |
(:pagelist order=-name count=10:) (:pagelist order=-name count=1..10:) (:pagelist order=name count=-1..-10:) |
The "wrap
" option has the values, none and inline.
With "wrap=inline" and "wrap=none", the output from pagelist (markup or HTML) is directly embedded in a page's markup without any surrounding
 class=...
 tags.
With "wrap=inline", any surrounding
 is continued. Without "wrap=inline", the HTML output starts a new
. This is important if you want to get a second level
 produced by the page list since starting a new
 with "**" doesn't yield a second level
 but

...
"wrap=inline" likely has other effects since it suppresses the call to $FPLTemplateMarkupFunction (being MarkupToHTML by default).
By default, a pagelist has the 'fpltemplate' class. The 'bygroup', 'simple', 'group' and 'title' page list formats have specific class names fplbygroup, fplsimple etc. You can set any class using the class= parameter or by setting the $FPLFormatOpt array.
With (:pagelist [other parameters] request=1:)
you can override most pagelist parameters, by providing request parameters in the URL.
For example, (:pagelist order=name request=1:)
will normally sort the list by name. But if the page's URL contains ?order=time
, the list will be sorted by time. If the URL contains ?order=
, the list will be unordered. Note: In the URL, encode any "#"s that are in your parameters as "%23". Since this parameter gives users who don't have edit rights the ability to run a pagelist of their choosing, consider its security implications for your website before using it.
Since version 2.2.71, it is possible to explicitely allow only certain parameters that can be overridden, or to disallow some parameters to be overridden. If you need this, instead of 1, enter the parameter names.
Allow all parameters to be overridden:(:pagelist request=1:)Allow only 'order' and 'count' parameters to be overridden:
(:pagelist request=order,count:)Allow all parameters to be overridden, except 'fmt' and 'trail', note the "minus" sign before each forbidden parameter:
(:pagelist request=-fmt,-trail:)
The req=1
parameter requires that search terms be posted (that is, that the user presses "search" on a search form, or follows a link with additional parameters like [[Page?q=terms&order=-name]]
) before the pagelist is executed. Note that (:pagelist request=1 req=1:)
works mostly like (:searchresults:)
without the lines "Results of search for ..." and "X pages found out of Y pages searched". Both "request=1" and "req=1" are needed.
When a search is performed, either via a searchbox directive, or via the search form of the skin, if the page contains a "searchresults" directive, that page will be used to display the results of the search; if the page doesn't have a "searchresults" directive, the page Site.Search will be used to display the results.
The "passwd
" option returns only those pages that have some sort of password attribute on them.
The "if
" option allows a condition to be specified as part of the pagelist processing, rather than from within the page list template. Only those pages for which the condition is true are retrieved. Anything that could go within an (:if ...:)
can be used as a condition. For example
(:pagelist if="date {(ftime %GW%V {*$Name})} {=$Name}" :)
returns all of the pages where the name is in the same week as that of the current page.
If any arguments within the quotes could contain a space they must be quoted:
(:pagelist if="date 2009-01-01..2009-12-31 '{=$:Mydate}'" :)
The "order=
" option allows the pages in the list to be sorted according to different criteria. Use a minus sign to indicate a reverse sort. Multiple sorting criteria can be specified using a comma, and you can create your own custom pagelist sort order:
- alphabetically by name (default order)
- alphabetically by name across groups
- alphabetically by title rather than names
- most recently changed pages last
- time of page creation (see note)
- by multiple criteria, in this instance sort by title within groups
- shuffle the pages into random sequence
- alphabetically by page text variable value (note no braces)
- alphabetically by page variable value (note no braces)
Also, the order=
option allows custom ordering functions to be written.
Pagelist has the capability to cache lists which greatly speeds up processing (when $PageListCacheDir is set). Every once in a while this caching can result in undesired results. Specifying cache=0
disables caching.
You can also specify variable values inline with the pagelist statement, and refer to the variables in the template using the format:
(:pagelist fmt=#pagelist variable1="value" variable2="value2":)
This assumes that a site has $EnableRelativePageVars
enabled (default since 2.2.9).
For example, in the template:
>>comment<< [[#tvars]] (:template default count=1 ParamName=Simon:) Hi, , how are you today? [[#tvarsend]] >><< |
This gives:
(:pagelist fmt=#tvars ParamName="Sam":) (:pagelist fmt=#tvars ParamName="Sally":) (:pagelist fmt=#tvars:) |
See also $EnableUndefinedTemplateVars
Include the contents of a random page from the Banners group:
(:pagelist group=Banners order=random count=1 fmt=#include list=normal:)
Display a simple list of the last ten recently changed pages:
(:pagelist trail=Site.AllRecentChanges count=10 fmt=#simple:)
Display the "top twenty" biggest cookbook pages:
(:pagelist group=Cookbook order=-size count=20 :)
The (:searchbox:)
directive generally accepts the same parameters as (:pagelist:)
and (:input search:)
value='search string'
. That search string is displayed in the input text and can be modified by when the search is run.
. In recent browsers, this value appears gray in the search field when it is empty. Note, this attribute is valid HTML5 but if you use it in a HTML4 skin your page will not validate.
and other aria-*
accessibility attributes that will be attached to the input text field.
, to the markup for each searchbox will prevent a search string for one box from populating all of the other boxes.
. The default is the current page.
are ignored, and the content of the $SearchBoxFmt variable are used instead.
The additional parameter label="Label"
can be used to change the label of the associated submit button:
(:searchbox label="Search this wiki":)
By default, the input field has the "text" type for compatibility with HTML/XHTML. Alternatively, you can set it to the "search" input type for HTML5, see $SearchBoxInputType
(some HTML5 skins already set this).
The (:searchresults:)
directive generally accepts the same parameters as (:pagelist:)
and (:input search:)
To change the text surrounding the search results, customize the following and add it to local/config.php or $FarmD
/local/farmconfig.php. Note that 'en'
should be changed to the localized language.
XLSDV('en', array( 'SearchFor' => 'Results of search for $Needle:', 'SearchFound' => '$MatchCount pages found out of $MatchSearched pages searched.' ));
Alternatively, adjust the 'SearchFor' and 'SearchFound' phrases in your translation pages.
The $SearchResultsFmt variable can also be set in local/config.php or $FarmD
SDV($SearchResultsFmt, "
\$[SearchFor]

\$MatchList

\$[SearchFound]
");
You can remove the lines above and below the generated list by adding this in config.php:
$SearchResultsFmt = '$MatchList';
(:input text:)
markup, which applies to (:searchbox:)
How PmWiki opens pages with PageStore?
When PmWiki needs to open a file for reading, it will ask the PageStore, objects one after another, in the order you have defined them in config.php, if they have MyGroup.MyPage. The first PageStore object that finds this page will return it and if there are more PageStores they will be not bothered.
When you define a PageStore object with paths like
and then ask "is there a page MyGroup.MyPage",
the PageStore only checks "is there a file wiki.d/MyGroup/MyGroup.MyPage" so
it will only look in the wiki.d/MyGroup sub-directory, not in other
When you write a page, only the first PageStore object is used, that is
usually $WikiDir
. This way we can have documentation in wikilib.d but if you
modify a page from the PmWiki or Site groups on your wiki, it will be saved
in wiki.d and from now on only the file in wiki.d will be read and written.
What is the behavior of pagelist and searchresults when only name or word is provided?
Both pagelist and searchresults are searching for all groups unless either
(there is a group=ThisGroup argument in the markup or in the search field),
or (you have (:template default group=SomeGroup,{*$Group}:)
in the pagelist
template), or (there is a request=1
argument in the markup and there is
somehow a $_REQUEST['group']
variable, eg from a search form or from the
url), or (you set some
and $SearchPatterns
), or (set a default
If one option is not used, then this option should not be predefined. If
there is no needle show all pages; if group=
is not used show all groups; if
is not used show all names; if link=
is not used show pages linking or
not linking to anywhere; if count=
is not used show all pages instead of a
portion of them. (The only exception is the order=
option which defaults to
because without it the results may be ordered inconsistently
between page reloads, especially bad if you also use count=21..30
How is a Wiki Group deleted?
An admin can remove the group pages from wiki.d/
. Note that a wiki page may also have related uploads.
Fully deleting a group via the wiki isn't possible, since a delete counts as an "update" which causes the Recent Changes page to be re-created. It is possible to modify the site's configuration to allow deletion of the group's RecentChanges page -- see Cookbook:RecentChangesDeletion.
How is a Category deleted?
To delete a category, delete all the [[!Category]]
references from all pages where they occur, then delete the category page as explained above.
Should I rename pmwiki.php to index.php?
Renaming pmwiki.php is not recommended. Instead, create an index.php file that contains this single line
<?php include_once('pmwiki.php');
How do I make pmwiki.php the default page for a website?
Create an index.php file that runs PmWiki from a subdirectory (pmwiki/ for example) and place it in the site's web document root (the main directory for the website).
<?php chdir('pmwiki'); include_once('pmwiki.php');
Note: You will also need to explicitly set the $PubDirUrl
variable (e.g. to "https://example.com/pmwiki/pub"
) in local/config.php .
How do I enable "Clean URLs" that are shorter and look like paths to my wiki pages? Why does pmwiki.org appear to have a directory structure rather than "?n=pagename" in URLs?
See Cookbook:CleanUrls.
How can I run PmWiki on a standalone (offline, portable) machine ?
How can I determine what version of PmWiki I'm running now?
See version - Determining and displaying the current version of PmWiki (pmwiki-2.3.2).
How can I test a new version of PmWiki on my wiki without changing the prior version used by visitors?
The easy way to do this is to install the new version in a separate directory, and for the new version set (in local/config.php):
$WikiLibDirs = array(&$WikiDir, new PageStore('/path/to/existing/wiki.d/{$FullName}'), new PageStore('wikilib.d/{$FullName}'));
This lets you test the new version using existing page content without impacting the existing site or risking modification of the pages. (Of course, any recipes or local customizations have to be installed in the new version as well.)
Then, once you're comfortable that the new version seems to work as well as the old, it's safe to upgrade the old version (and one knows of any configuration or page changes that need to be made).
How do I disable uploading of a certain type of file?
Here's an example of what to add to your local/config.php file to disable uploading of .zip files, or of files with no extension:
$UploadExtSize['zip'] = 0; # Disallow uploading .zip files $UploadExtSize[''] = 0; # Disallow files with no extension
How do I attach uploads to individual pages or the entire site, instead of organizing them by wiki group?
Use the $UploadPrefixFmt
variable (see also the Cookbook:UploadGroups recipe).
$UploadPrefixFmt = '/$FullName'; # per-page, in Group.Name directories $UploadPrefixFmt = '/$Group/$Name'; # per-page, in Group directories with Name subdirectories $UploadPrefixFmt = ''; # site-wide
For $UploadDirQuota
- can you provide some units and numbers? Is the specification in bytes or bits? What is the number for 100K? 1 Meg? 1 Gig? 1 Terabyte?
Units are in bytes.
$UploadDirQuota = 100*1024; # limit uploads to 100KiB $UploadDirQuota = 1000*1024; # limit uploads to 1000KiB $UploadDirQuota = 1024*1024; # limit uploads to 1MiB $UploadDirQuota = 25*1024*1024; # limit uploads to 25MiB $UploadDirQuota = 2*1024*1024*1024; # limit uploads to 2GiB
Is there a way to allow file names with Unicode or additional characters?
Yes, see $UploadNameChars
Where is the list of attachments stored?
How do I report a possible security vulnerability of PmWiki?
Pm wrote about this in a post to pmwiki-users from September 2006. In a nutshell he differentiates two cases:
See his post mentioned above for details and rationals.
What about the botnet security advisory at http://isc.sans.org/diary.php?storyid=1672?
Sites that are running with PHP's register_globals setting set to "On" and versions of PmWiki prior to 2.1.21 may be vulnerable to a botnet exploit that is taking advantage of a bug in PHP. The vulnerability can be closed by turning register_globals off, upgrading to PmWiki 2.1.21 or later, or upgrading to PHP versions 4.4.3 or 5.1.4.
In addition, there is a test at PmWiki:SiteAnalyzer that can be used to determine if your site is vulnerable.
How do I stop pages being deleted, eg password protect a page from deletion?
Use Cookbook:DeleteAction and password protect the page deletion action by adding $DefaultPasswords['delete'] = '*';
to config.php
or password protect the action with $HandleAuth
['delete'] = 'edit';
['delete'] = 'admin';
to require the edit or admin password respectively.
How do I stop pages being replaced with an empty (all spaces) page?
Add block: /^\s*$/
to your blocklist.
how do I stop pages being completely replaced by an inane comment such as excellent site, great information, where the content cannot be blocked?
Try using the newer automatic blocklists that pull information and IP addresses about known wiki defacers.
(OR) Try using Cookbook:Captchas or Cookbook:Captcha (note these are different).
(OR) Set an edit password, but make it publicly available on the Site.AuthForm template.
How do I password protect the creation of new groups?
See Cookbook:Limit Wiki Groups
How do I password protect the creation of new pages?
See Cookbook:Limit new pages in Wiki Groups
How do I take a whitelist approach where users from known or trusted IP addresses can edit, and others require a password?
Put these lines to local/config.php:
## Allow passwordless editing from own turf, pass for others. if ($action=='edit' && !preg_match("/^90\\.68\\./", $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']) ) { $DefaultPasswords['edit'] = pmcrypt('foobar'); }
Replace 90.68. with the preferred network prefix and foobar with the default password for others.
For a single IP, you may use
if($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] == '127.0.0.1') { # your IP address here $_POST['authpw'] = 'xxx'; # the admin password }
Please note the security issues : this means that you have your admin passwords in clear in config.php and someone with access to the filesystem can read them (for example a technician of your hosting provider) ; your IP address may change from time to time (unless you have a fixed IP contract with your ISP). When that happens, someone with your old IP address will be logged in automatically as admin on your wiki. It is extremely unlikely to become a problem, but you should know it is possible ; if you are behind a router, all other devices which pass through that router will have the same IP address for PmWiki - your wifi phone, your wife's netbook, a neighbour using your wifi connection, etc. All these people become admins of your wiki. Again, you should evaluate if this is a security risk ; In some cases, your ISP will route your traffic through the same proxy as other people. In such a case, thousands of people may have the same IP address.
See also Cookbook:AuthDNS & Cookbook:PersistentLogin
How do I password protect page actions?
See Passwords for setting in config.php
['pageactionname'] = 'pageactionname'; # along with :
['pageactionname'] = pmcrypt('secret phrase');
['pageactionname'] = 'anotherpageactionname';
How do I moderate all postings?
Enable PmWiki.Drafts
, this relabels the "Save" button to "Publish" and a "Save draft" button appears.
, this adds a new "publish" authorization level to distinguish editing from publishing.
How do I make a read only wiki?
In config.php set an "edit" password.
How do I restrict access to uploaded attachments?
How do I hide the IP addresses in the "diff" pages?
If the user fills an author name, the IP address is not displayed. To require an author name, set in config.php such a line:
= 1;
The IP address can also be seen in a tooltip title when the mouse cursor is over the author name. To disable the tooltip, set in config.php:
$DiffStartFmt = "

\$DiffTime \$[by] \$DiffAuthor - \$DiffChangeSum
";
How do I stop some Apache installations executing a file which has ".php", ".pl" or ".cgi" anywhere in the filename
Use $UploadBlacklist
How do I stop random people from viewing the ?action=source (wiki markup) of my pages? I have (:if auth edit:)
text that I don't want the world to see.
$HandleAuth['source'] = 'edit';
or $HandleAuth['source'] = 'admin';
How can I embed JavaScript into a page's output?
There are several ways to do this. The Cookbook:JavaScript recipe describes a simple means for embedding static JavaScript into web pages using custom markup. For editing JavaScript directly in wiki pages (which can pose various security risks), see the JavaScript-Editable recipe. For JavaScript that is to appear in headers or footers of pages, the skin template can be modified directly, or


text:
A Swedish medical team has transplanted uteruses from two women in their 50s to their daughters. Meanwhile, Shots has learned that an Indiana group is recruiting women willing to undergo womb transplants in this country.
"We could go ahead tomorrow if we found the perfect candidate," Dr. Giuseppe Del Priore told Shots.
Del Priore says he has already interviewed a number of women, and has the approval of the ethics committee at Indiana University in Indianapolis.
While the Swedes did mother-to-daughter transplants, the Indiana group plans to rely on cadaver donors. Del Priore says he believes there would be an ample supply of suitable uteruses from current multiorgan cadaver donors.
He says tens of thousands of American women are potential candidates for uterine transplants. They include young women who have had hysterectomies for cancer, endometriosis and uterine trauma. Another group is women born without a uterus.
Other medical centers in the U.S. and Britain also hope to begin offering uterine transplants after a decade or so of animal research. It's the latest frontier in a medical field launched almost six decades ago with the first successful kidney transplant.
The Procedure
Uterine transplants have one unique feature: They'll be temporary.
Once a transplant recipient has achieved a successful pregnancy — or two, in the Swedish protocol — she will undergo a hysterectomy to remove the foreign uterus. That way, she won't be exposed to a lifetime of immunosuppressive drugs with their risks of increased infection and other disorders.
A 10-person team at the University of Gothenburg in Sweden did the first mother-to-daughter uterine transplants last weekend.
I don't think it's a simple discussion by any stretch. You know, when you're the patient, then you fully understand the issues. When you're just theoretically discussing these things, unless it actually hits home, I think you don't really fully understand it.
One of the recipients lost her uterus to cervical cancer. The other was born without a uterus.
"They're doing fine, both the donors and the recipients," transplant surgeon Michael Olausson told Shots. "All four women are doing fine."
But Olausson acknowledges that the success of the experiment is far from assured. The recipients will be monitored for a year to see if the transplants settle in and behave like normal uteruses — cycling through menstrual periods, avoiding signs of rejection.
Then the doctors will implant previously frozen embryos from these women and hope all goes well. By that schedule, the outcome of the experiment will be known sometime in mid-2014.
Olausson says he's confident the transplanted uteruses can withstand the mechanical stresses of pregnancy, as well as undergo the growth and complicated remodeling necessary to carry and sustain a fetus.
A long series of experiments with mice, rats, sheep, pigs and baboons showed that these animals could accept uterine transplants and give birth to healthy offspring. "So we don't think there will be a problem," he says.
One of the women who donated her uterus to her daughter is past menopause.
"It does not really matter if they are menopausal or not because the uterus can be sort of refurbished with hormones," Olausson says. "So that's not a problem in itself."
'Don't Get Too Excited Just Yet'
Some experts are concerned about the risks of anti-rejection drugs during pregnancy — not only because of possible infection but also because of other problems, such as high blood pressure and premature delivery. But Olausson points out that as many as 15,000 women have had successful pregnancies after undergoing other organ transplants.
The Swedish uterine transplants are not the first. In 2000, a Saudi Arabian group transplanted a uterus from a live donor. But within three months, it developed blood clotting problems and had to be removed.
Last year Turkish doctors said they had transplanted a uterus into a 21-year-old woman from a cadaver donor, but experts in the field don't believe that has resulted in a pregnancy yet.
One leading U.S. obstetrician-gynecologist, Dr. Michael Green of Massachusetts General Hospital, cautioned against premature enthusiasm about uterine transplants.
"Don't get too excited quite yet," he told Shots. "[It's] too soon to make a judgment."
Green questions whether this kind of transplant is really necessary. When doctors began transplanting organs in the 1950s, '60s and '70s, they started with organs essential for life — kidneys, hearts and livers. Lately they've been doing what Green calls "optional" transplants — of limbs, voice boxes, even faces.
"Nobody needs a uterus to live, OK?" Green says. "Nobody needs a hand or a face to live, in fairness. It's a quality-of-life issue. This is in that same category. So we've opened the door. We've stepped through it. And this is one of the next logical things that people might do."
He wonders whether health care dollars should be spent on uterine transplants when a woman who lacks a uterus can turn to a surrogate mother to provide her with a child — if she can afford it, that is.
But Dr. James Grifo of New York University Medical School says he hopes the Swedish experiment and other such efforts succeed.
Grifo has done his own research on uterine transplants but abandoned that work to pursue other priorities. He said in an interview that he was uncomfortable with the possible risks. But he sympathizes with women who might want a uterine transplant.
"I don't think it's a simple discussion by any stretch," Grifo told Shots. "You know, when you're the patient, then you fully understand the issues. When you're just theoretically discussing these things, unless it actually hits home, I think you don't really fully understand it."
The Swedes plan to do 10 more uterine transplants. The next two could be in a matter of weeks.
Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Country Collectables Bright
Regular price
Tax included.
Tag Reads: Awaiting a miracle
Willow Tree sculptural art forms beautifully express love, closeness, healing, courage, hope… all the emotions of a life well lived. Artist Susan Lordi hand carves the original of each figure from her studio in Kansas City Missouri. Pieces are cast from her original carvings, and individually painted by hand. Expression is revealed through gestures only… a tilt of the head, placement of the hands, a turn of the body. The simplicity of form and absence of facial features signify Willow Tree. It is Susan's hope that these pieces be meaningful to both giver and receiver.


text:
Dositheus (Vasich) of Zagreb
Our father among the saints Dositej (Dositheus) the Confessor (Vasić) (Serbian Свети Исповједник Доситеј Загребачки) was the Serbian Orthodox Metropolitan of Zagreb from 1931 to 1941. His feast day is December 31.
Metr. Dositej was born in Belgrade on December 5, 1887. He went to grammar school and to seminary in Belgrade. In 1904, he graduated from the theological academy in Kiev with the degree of Magister of Theology. He then studied theology and philosophy for two years at Berlin University and also studied experimental philosophy in Leipzig. He took monastic vows and was ordained a hierodeacon when he was a seminary student. He was assigned the position of assistant professor at the St. Sava Seminary in Belgrade in 1907. Two years later, in 1909, he continued his studies at the Sorbonne, in Paris. At the end of 1910, he went to Geneva, where he remained until the declaration of the Balkan War.
As Bishop
In May 1913, the Holy Synod of Bishops elected him a bishop. On May 25, 1913, he was consecrated Bishop of Niš. Early in World War I, Bp. Dositej was interned, but he returned to his diocese in 1918. With peace, Bp. Dositej was elected vice-president of the Central Assembly of Bishops. He spent three years engaged in missionary work in Czechoslovakia. In 1931, he was appointed the first hierarch of the newly established Zagreb Diocese. He founded an Orthodox monastery dedicated to St. Paraskeva in Zagreb. He also administrated the Diocese of Gornji Karlovac-Banja Luka and helped Rt. Rev. Miron, the Bishop of Pakrac. During the terminal illness of Serbian Patr. Varnava, and as the senior member of the Holy Synod, he administered the affairs of the Serbian Church. After Patr. Varnava's death, and until the election of a new patriarch in 1938, Bp. Dositej administered the Belgrade-Karlovci Archdiocese.
Torture and Death
After World War II began, Metr. Dositej was arrested and confined by the Zagreb police in a prison on Petrinjska Street. Being seriously ill, he was transferred to a hospital, where he was tortured and molested by nuns. He was then transported, unconscious, to Belgrade and placed in the Monastery of the Entrance of the Most Holy Mother of God, where the sisterhood of the monastery cared for him until he died from his injuries on January 13, 1945. He was buried in the churchyard of this monastery.
At the regular session of the Holy Assembly of Bishops of the Serbian Orthodox Church, the name of Metr. Dositej was entered into the list of names of saints of the Serbian Church as a Confessor.
(Tone 8)
O Teacher of Orthodoxy and Instructor of virtues and purity, O Luminary of the whole world, O God-Inspired Ornament of Hierarchs, O Most-wise Dositej, you have enlightened all by your teaching; O Spiritual Flute, entreat Christ the Lord to save our souls.
Dositheus (Vasich) of Zagreb | ||
Preceded by: Jernim (Jovanović) |
Bishop of Niš 1913-1931 |
Succeeded by: Dr. Jovan (Ilić) |
Preceded by: new creation |
Metropolitan of Zagreb 1931-1945 |
Succeeded by: Dr. Damaskin (Grdanički) |
External link
Categories > Church History
Categories > Church History
Categories > Church History
Categories > Liturgics > Feasts
Categories > Liturgics > Feasts
Categories > Liturgics > Feasts
Categories > People > Clergy > Bishops
Categories > People > Clergy > Bishops > Bishops by century > 20th-century bishops
Categories > People > Saints
Categories > People > Saints > Saints by century > 20th-century saints
Categories > People > Saints > Serbian Saints


text:
The IET Digital Library is a global repository of science, engineering and technology focused content produced by the world's leading international scientific organisation and thought leader – the IET. Online access to the IET Digital Library unlocks an unsurpassed body of work of more than 174,000 technical papers and around 8,676 eBook chapters from 1994 onwards for all IET journals, magazines, conference publications and seminar digests. Approximately 450 new documents are added to the IET Digital Library each month and this number will increase as we introduce 'article by article' publishing, ensuring that articles are available to subscribers at the earliest opportunity, without having to wait for the fully published journal issue to be made available online.
The Journal of Engineering, the IET's broad-based open access research journal has recently launched and will contain a range of inter-disciplinary, peer-reviewed articles that are free to view.
The new IET Knowledge Packs offer a flexible way to access the IET Digital Library - a global repository of science, engineering and technology content that holds over 190,000 technical documents, over 800 eBooks, over 1,600 conference publications, and over 197,000 journal articles. Click here to read more
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text:
Contacting Us
Contacting Us
About This Publication
Using This Publication
Symbols Glossary
Symbols Used on Your Vehicle
Data Privacy
Data Privacy
Service Data
Event Data
Settings Data
Connected Vehicle Data
Mobile Device Data
Emergency Call System Data
Visual Search
Steering Wheel
Instrument Panel
Vehicle Interior
Front Exterior
Rear Exterior
Child Safety
Child Safety Precautions
Child Restraint Anchor Points
What Are the Child Restraint Anchor Points
Locating the Child Restraint Lower Anchor Points
Locating the Child Restraint Top Tether Anchor Points
Child Restraints
Child Restraint Position Information
Child Restraints Recommendation
Installing Child Restraints
Using Seatbelts
Using Lower Anchors and Tethers for Children
Installing a Child Restraint in a Center Seat
Combining the Seatbelt and Lower Anchors for Attaching Child Restraints
Using Tether Straps
Booster Seats
Child Safety Locks
Seatbelt Precautions
Fastening and Unfastening the Seatbelts
Sensitive Locking Mode
What is Sensitive Locking Mode
How Does Sensitive Locking Mode Work
Automatic Locking Mode
What Is Automatic Locking Mode
When to Use Automatic Locking Mode
Engaging Automatic Locking Mode
Disengaging Automatic Locking Mode
Adjusting the Seatbelts During Pregnancy
Adjusting the Seatbelt Height
Seatbelt Reminder
How Does the Seatbelt Reminder Work
Seatbelt Reminder Indicators
Seatbelt Reminder Audible Warnings
Switching the Seatbelt Reminder On and Off
Checking the Seatbelts
Seatbelt Extensions
Personal Safety System™
What Is the Personal Safety System
How Does the Personal Safety System Work
Personal Safety System Components
How Do the Front Airbags Work
How Do the Side Airbags Work
How Do the Knee Airbags Work
How Does the Safety Canopy™ Work
Airbag Precautions
Properly Adjusting the Driver and Front Passenger Seats
Children and Airbags
Front Passenger Sensing System
What Is the Front Passenger Sensing System
How Does the Front Passenger Sensing System Work
Front Passenger Sensing System Precautions
Front Passenger Sensing System Indicators
Crash Sensors and Airbag Indicator
Disposing of Airbags
Pedestrian Alert System
What Is the Pedestrian Alert System
911 Assist
What Is 911 Assist
How Does 911 Assist Work
Emergency Call Requirements
Emergency Call Limitations
Keys and Remote Controls
Remote Control Limitations
Using the Remote Control
Sounding the Panic Alarm
Locating Your Vehicle
Changing the Remote Control Battery
Replacing a Lost Key or Remote Control
Programming the Remote Control
Keys and Remote Controls – Troubleshooting
Keys and Remote Controls – Information Messages
Phone as a Key
What Is Phone As a Key
Phone as a Key Limitations
Programming Your Phone
Using the Valet Mode
Using the Backup Start Passcode
Phone as a Key – Troubleshooting
Phone as a Key – Frequently Asked Questions
What Is MyKey
MyKey Settings
Non-Configurable MyKey Settings
Configurable MyKey Settings
Creating a MyKey
Programming a MyKey
Clearing All MyKeys
Checking MyKey System Status
Using MyKey With Remote Start Systems
MyKey – Troubleshooting
MyKey – Information Messages
MyKey – Frequently Asked Questions
Doors and Locks
Operating the Doors From Outside Your Vehicle
Unlocking and Locking the Doors Using the Remote Control
Opening and Closing the Doors
Operating the Doors From Inside Your Vehicle
Unlocking and Locking the Doors Using the Central Locking
Individually Unlocking and Locking the Doors Using the Locking Button
Opening the Doors From Inside Your Vehicle
What Is Autounlock
Autounlock Requirements
What Is Autolock
Autolock Requirements
Mislock (If Equipped)
What Is Mislock
Mislock Limitations
Switching Mislock On and Off
Doors and Locks Audible Warnings
Doors and Locks – Troubleshooting
Doors and Locks – Warning Lamps
Doors and Locks – Information Messages
Doors and Locks – Frequently Asked Questions
Keyless Entry
Locating the Keyless Entry Keypad
Keyless Entry Limitations
Master Access Code
What Is the Master Access Code
Keyless Entry Settings
Switching Keyless Entry On and Off
Reprogramming the Unlocking Function (If Equipped)
Creating Personal Access Codes
Clearing All Personal Access Codes
Locking and Unlocking the Doors Using Remote Keyless Entry
Unlocking the Doors
Locking the Doors
Locking and Unlocking the Doors Using Keyless Entry Keypad
Unlocking the Doors
Locking the Doors
Keyless Entry – Troubleshooting
Keyless Entry – Frequently Asked Questions
Walk Away Lock
What is Walk Away Lock
Walk Away Lock Limitations
Switching Walk Away Lock On and Off
Switching Walk Away Lock Audible Feedback On and Off
Easy Entry and Exit
How Does Easy Entry and Exit Work
Switching Easy Entry and Exit On and Off
Liftgate - Vehicles With: Hands-Free Liftgate
Liftgate Precautions
Opening the Liftgate
Opening the Liftgate From Inside Your Vehicle
Opening the Liftgate From Outside Your Vehicle
Opening the Hands-Free Liftgate
Setting the Liftgate Opening Height
Closing the Liftgate
Closing the Liftgate From Inside Your Vehicle
Closing the Liftgate From Outside Your Vehicle
Closing the Hands-Free Liftgate
Stopping the Liftgate Movement
Liftgate Obstacle Detection
Liftgate – Troubleshooting
Liftgate – Warning Lamps
Liftgate – Information Messages
Liftgate – Frequently Asked Questions
Liftgate - Vehicles With: Manual Liftgate
Opening the Liftgate
Opening the Liftgate From Outside Your Vehicle
Closing the Liftgate
Closing the Liftgate From Outside Your Vehicle
Passive Anti-Theft System
What Is the Passive Anti-Theft System
How Does the Passive Anti-Theft System Work
Anti-Theft Alarm System
What Is the Anti-Theft Alarm System
How Does the Anti-Theft Alarm System Work
What Is the Perimeter Alarm
What Are the Interior Sensors
What Are the Inclination Sensors
What Is the Battery Backup Alarm
Arming the Anti-Theft Alarm System
Disarming the Anti-Theft Alarm System
Anti-Theft Alarm System Settings
What are the Alarm Security Levels
Setting the Alarm Security Level
What Is Ask on Exit
Switching Ask on Exit On and Off
Security – Troubleshooting
Security – Information Messages
Security – Frequently Asked Questions
Steering Wheel
Adjusting the Steering Wheel
Switching the Heated Steering Wheel On and Off
Wipers and Washers
Wiper Precautions
Switching Windshield Wipers On and Off
What Are Autowipers
Autowipers Settings
Adjusting the Sensitivity of the Rain Sensor
Switching the Rear Window Wiper On and Off
Reverse Wipe
What Is Reverse Wipe
Reverse Wipe Settings
Checking the Wiper Blades
Replacing the Front Wiper Blades
Replacing the Rear Wiper Blades
Washer Precautions
Using the Windshield Washer
Switching the Courtesy Wipe On and Off
Using the Rear Window Washer
Adding Washer Fluid
Washer Fluid Specification
Wipers and Washers – Troubleshooting
Wipers and Washers – Warning Lamps
Wipers and Washers – Frequently Asked Questions
Exterior Lighting
Exterior Lighting Control
Using the High Beam Headlamps
Switching Headlamp Exit Delay On and Off
Headlamp Indicators
Headlamps – Troubleshooting
Headlamps – Frequently Asked Questions
What Are Autolamps
Autolamp Settings
Exterior Lamps
Switching the Turn Signal Lamps On and Off
Switching the Daytime Running Lamps On and Off - Vehicles With: Configurable Daytime Running Lamps
Switching the Daytime Running Lamps On and Off - Vehicles With: Daytime Running Lamps (DRL)
Switching Welcome Lighting On and Off
Exterior Lamp Indicators
Exterior Lamp Audible Warning
Automatic High Beam Control
How Does Automatic High Beam Control Work
Automatic High Beam Control Precautions
Automatic High Beam Control Requirements
Automatic High Beam Control Limitations
Switching Automatic High Beam Control On and Off
Automatic High Beam Control Indicators
Overriding Automatic High Beam Control
Automatic High Beam Control – Troubleshooting
Automatic High Beam Control – Information Messages
Interior Lighting
Switching All of the Interior Lamps On and Off
Switching the Front Interior Lamps On and Off
Switching the Rear Interior Lamps On and Off
Interior Lamp Function
What Is the Interior Lamp Function
Switching the Interior Lamp Function On and Off
Adjusting the Instrument Panel Lighting Brightness
Ambient Lighting (If Equipped)
Switching Ambient Lighting On and Off
Adjusting Ambient Lighting
Interior Lighting – Troubleshooting
Interior Lighting – Frequently Asked Questions
Opening and Closing the Windows
Global Opening and Closing
What Is Global Opening and Closing
Using Global Opening
Switching Global Opening On and Off
Using Global Closing
Switching Global Closing On and Off
Window Bounce-Back
What Is Window Bounce-Back
Overriding Window Bounce-Back
Locking the Rear Window Controls
Interior Mirror
Interior Mirror Precautions
Auto-Dimming Interior Mirror
What Is the Auto-Dimming Interior Mirror
Auto-Dimming Interior Mirror Limitations
Exterior Mirrors
Adjusting the Exterior Mirrors
Folding the Exterior Mirrors - Vehicles With: Manual Folding Mirrors
Folding the Exterior Mirrors - Vehicles With: Power Folding Mirrors
Instrument Cluster
Instrument Cluster Overview
What Is the Speedometer
What Is the Vehicle Range Display
What Is the High Voltage Battery Gauge
What Are the Instrument Cluster Warning Lamps
Instrument Cluster Warning Lamps
What Are the Instrument Cluster Indicators
Instrument Cluster Indicators
Instrument Cluster Display
What Is Brake Coach
Trip Computer
Accessing the Trip Computer
Resetting the Trip Computer
Trip Data
Remote Start
What Is Remote Start
Remote Start Limitations
Enabling Remote Start
Remotely Starting and Stopping the Vehicle
Extending the Remote Start Duration
Remote Start Settings
Switching Climate Control Auto Mode On and Off
Switching Climate Control Last Settings On and Off
Switching the Heated Seat Settings On and Off
Switching the Heated Steering Wheel Settings On and Off
Setting the Remote Start Duration
Climate Control
Identifying the Climate Control Unit
Switching Climate Control On and Off
Switching Recirculated Air On and Off
Switching Air Conditioning On and Off
Switching Defrost On and Off
Switching Maximum Defrost On and Off
Switching Maximum Cooling On and Off
Switching the Heated Wiper Park On and Off
Switching the Heated Rear Window On and Off
Switching the Heated Mirrors On and Off
Setting the Blower Motor Speed
Setting the Temperature
Directing the Flow of Air
Auto Mode
Switching Auto Mode On and Off
Auto Mode Indicators
Climate Control Hints
Interior Air Quality
What Is the Cabin Air Filter
Replacing the Cabin Air Filter
Front Seats
Front Seat Precautions
Sitting in the Correct Position
Manual Seats
Head Restraint Components
Adjusting the Head Restraint
Removing the Head Restraint
Installing the Head Restraint
Moving the Seat Backward and Forward
Adjusting the Seat Backrest
Adjusting the Seat Height (If Equipped)
Power Seats
Head Restraint Components
Adjusting the Head Restraint
Removing the Head Restraint
Installing the Head Restraint
Moving the Seat Backward and Forward
Adjusting the Seat Backrest
Adjusting the Seat Height
Adjusting the Lumbar Support
Heated Seats (If Equipped)
Heated Seat Precautions
Switching the Heated Seats On and Off
Rear Seats
Manual Seats
Head Restraint Components
Adjusting the Head Restraint
Removing the Head Restraint
Installing the Head Restraint
Folding the Seat Backrest
Unfolding the Seat Backrest
Rear Occupant Alert System (If Equipped)
What is the Rear Occupant Alert System
How Does the Rear Occupant Alert System Work
Rear Occupant Alert System Precautions
Rear Occupant Alert System Limitations
Switching Rear Occupant Alert System On and Off
Rear Occupant Alert System Indicators
Rear Occupant Alert System Audible Warnings
Memory Function (If Equipped)
What Is the Memory Function
Memory Function Precautions
Locating the Memory Function Buttons
Saving a Preset Position
Recalling a Preset Position
Garage Door Opener
What Is the Garage Door Opener
How Does the Garage Door Opener Work
Garage Door Opener Precautions
Garage Door Opener Limitations
Programming the Garage Door Opener to Your Hand-Held Transmitter
Programming the Garage Door Opener to Your Garage Door Opener Motor
Programming the Garage Door Opener to Your Gate Opener Motor
Clearing the Garage Door Opener
Reprogramming the Garage Door Opener
Garage Door Opener Radio Frequencies
USB Ports
Locating the USB Ports
Playing Media Using the USB Port
Charging a Device
Power Outlet
What Is the Power Outlet
Power Outlet Precautions
Locating the Power Outlet
Wireless Accessory Charger
What Is the Wireless Accessory Charger
Wireless Accessory Charger Precautions
Locating the Wireless Accessory Charger
Charging a Wireless Device
Wireless Accessory Charger – Troubleshooting
Wireless Accessory Charger – Information Messages
Cup Holders
Cup Holder Precautions
Glove Compartment
Opening the Glove Compartment
Glasses Holder
Locating the Glasses Holder
Starting and Powering Off
Starting and Powering Off Precautions
Starting the Vehicle
Powering Off
Restarting the Vehicle After Powering Off
Accessing the Passive Key Backup Position
Starting and Powering Off – Troubleshooting
Starting and Powering Off – Frequently Asked Questions
High Voltage Battery
What Is the High Voltage Battery
High Voltage Battery Precautions
Preserving Your High Voltage Battery
Recycling and Disposing of the High Voltage Battery
High Voltage Battery – Troubleshooting
High Voltage Battery – Warning Lamps
Charging Your Vehicle
What is AC Charging
What is DC Charging
Charging Your Vehicle Precautions
Charging Equipment
Locating the Charge Port
Charge Port Indicators
AC Charging
Connecting the Charger
Stopping Charging
DC Charging
Connecting the Charger
Stopping Charging
Setting the Charging Schedule and Preferences
Using FordPass and Charging
Charging Your Vehicle Hints
Charging Your Vehicle – Troubleshooting
Charging Your Vehicle – Warning Lamps
Charging Your Vehicle – Information Messages
Charging Your Vehicle – Frequently Asked Questions
Automatic Transmission
Automatic Transmission Precautions
Automatic Transmission Positions
Park (P)
Reverse (R)
Neutral (N)
Drive (D)
Low (L)
Shifting Your Vehicle Into Gear
Temporary Neutral Mode
What Is Temporary Neutral Mode
Temporary Neutral Mode Limitations
Entering Temporary Neutral Mode
Exiting Temporary Neutral Mode
Automatic Return to Park (P)
What Is Automatic Return to Park (P)
How Does Automatic Return to Park (P) Work
Automatic Return to Park (P) Limitations
All-Wheel Drive (If Equipped)
How Does All-Wheel Drive Work
All-Wheel Drive Precautions
All-Wheel Drive Limitations
All-Wheel Drive Driving Hints
Emergency Maneuvers
Driving on Hilly or Sloping Terrain
Driving on Snow and Ice
All-Wheel Drive – Troubleshooting
All-Wheel Drive – Information Messages
Brake Precautions
Anti-Lock Braking System
Anti-Lock Braking System Limitations
Brake Over Accelerator
Locating the Brake Fluid Reservoir
Checking the Brake Fluid
Brake Fluid Specification
Brakes – Troubleshooting
Brakes – Warning Lamps
Brakes – Frequently Asked Questions
Electric Parking Brake
What Is the Electric Parking Brake
Applying the Electric Parking Brake
Applying the Electric Parking Brake in an Emergency
Manually Releasing the Electric Parking Brake
Automatically Releasing the Electric Parking Brake
Electric Parking Brake Audible Warning
Releasing the Electric Parking Brake if the Vehicle Battery Has Run Out of Charge
Electric Parking Brake – Troubleshooting
Electric Parking Brake – Warning Lamps
Electric Parking Brake – Information Messages
Reverse Braking Assist
What Is Reverse Braking Assist
How Does Reverse Braking Assist Work
Reverse Braking Assist Precautions
Switching Reverse Braking Assist On and Off
Overriding Reverse Braking Assist
Reverse Braking Assist Indicators
Reverse Braking Assist – Troubleshooting
Reverse Braking Assist – Information Messages
Reverse Braking Assist – Frequently Asked Questions
Hill Start Assist
What Is Hill Start Assist
How Does Hill Start Assist Work
Hill Start Assist Precautions
Auto Hold
How Does Auto Hold Work
Switching Auto Hold On and Off
Using Auto Hold
Auto Hold Indicators
Traction Control
What Is Traction Control
How Does Traction Control Work
Switching Traction Control On and Off
Traction Control Indicator
Traction Control – Troubleshooting
Traction Control – Warning Lamps
Traction Control – Information Messages
Stability Control
How Does Stability Control Work
Switching Stability Control On and Off (If Equipped)
Stability Control Indicator
Electric Power Steering
Electric Power Steering Precautions
Electric Power Steering Adaptive Steering
Steering – Troubleshooting
Steering – Information Messages
Parking Aids
Parking Aid Precautions
Switching Parking Aid On and Off
Rear Parking Aid
What is the Rear Parking Aid
Rear Parking Aid Limitations
Locating the Rear Parking Aid Sensors
Rear Parking Aid Audible Warnings
Front Parking Aid
What is the Front Parking Aid
Front Parking Aid Limitations
Locating the Front Parking Aid Sensors
Front Parking Aid Audible Warnings
Side Parking Aid (If Equipped)
What is the Side Parking Aid
Side Parking Aid Limitations
Locating the Side Parking Aid Sensors
Side Parking Aid Audible Warnings
Parking Aid Indicators
Parking Aids – Troubleshooting
Parking Aids – Information Messages
Rear View Camera
What Is the Rear View Camera
Rear View Camera Precautions
Locating the Rear View Camera
Rear View Camera Guide Lines
Rear View Camera Object Distance Indicators
Rear View Camera Settings
Zooming the Rear View Camera In and Out
Switching Rear View Camera Delay On and Off
360 Degree Camera (If Equipped)
What Is the 360 Degree Camera
How Does the 360 Degree Camera Work
360 Degree Camera Precautions
360 Degree Camera Limitations
Locating the 360 Degree Cameras
360 Degree Camera Guide Lines
360 Degree Camera Settings
Switching the 360 Degree Camera On and Off
Switching the 360 Degree Camera View
Active Park Assist (If Equipped)
What Is Active Park Assist
How Does Active Park Assist Work
Active Park Assist Precautions
Switching Active Park Assist On and Off
Entering a Parallel Parking Space
Entering a Perpendicular Parking Space
Exiting a Parking Space
Active Park Assist – Troubleshooting
Active Park Assist – Information Messages
Active Park Assist – Frequently Asked Questions
Adaptive Cruise Control
How Does Adaptive Cruise Control With Stop and Go Work
Adaptive Cruise Control Precautions
Adaptive Cruise Control Limitations
Switching Adaptive Cruise Control On and Off
Adaptive Cruise Control Automatic Cancellation
Setting the Adaptive Cruise Control Speed
Setting the Adaptive Cruise Control Gap
Canceling the Set Speed
Resuming the Set Speed
Overriding the Set Speed
Adaptive Cruise Control Indicators
Switching From Adaptive Cruise Control to Cruise Control
Lane Centering
How Does Lane Centering Work
Lane Centering Precautions
Lane Centering Requirements
Lane Centering Limitations
Switching Lane Centering On and Off
Lane Centering Alerts
Lane Centering Automatic Cancellation
Lane Centering Indicators
Intelligent Adaptive Cruise Control
How Does Intelligent Adaptive Cruise Control Work
Intelligent Adaptive Cruise Control Precautions
Intelligent Adaptive Cruise Control Requirements
Intelligent Adaptive Cruise Control Limitations
Switching Intelligent Mode On and Off
Adjusting the Set Speed Tolerance
Intelligent Adaptive Cruise Control Alerts
Intelligent Adaptive Cruise Control Indicators
Adaptive Cruise Control – Troubleshooting
Adaptive Cruise Control – Information Messages - Vehicles With: Lane Centering
Adaptive Cruise Control – Information Messages - Vehicles With: Stop and Go
Drive Mode Control
What Is Drive Mode Control
Selecting a Drive Mode
Drive Modes
One Pedal Drive
What is One Pedal Drive
One Pedal Drive Precautions
One Pedal Drive Limitations
Switching One Pedal Drive On and Off
One Pedal Drive Indicators
Lane Keeping System
What Is the Lane Keeping System
How Does the Lane Keeping System Work
Lane Keeping System Precautions
Lane Keeping System Limitations
Switching the Lane Keeping System On and Off
Switching the Lane Keeping System Mode
Lane Keeping System Settings
Alert Mode
What Is Alert Mode
How Does Alert Mode Work
Aid Mode
What Is Aid Mode
How Does Aid Mode Work
Alert and Aid Mode
What Is Alert and Aid Mode
How Does Alert and Aid Mode Work
Lane Keeping System Indicators
Blind Spot Assist
What Is Blind Spot Assist
How Does Blind Spot Assist Work
Blind Spot Assist Limitations
Blind Spot Assist Indicators
Lane Keeping System – Troubleshooting
Lane Keeping System – Information Messages
Lane Keeping System – Frequently Asked Questions
Blind Spot Information System
What Is Blind Spot Information System
How Does Blind Spot Information System Work
Blind Spot Information System Precautions
Blind Spot Information System Limitations
Blind Spot Information System Requirements
Switching Blind Spot Information System On and Off
Locating the Blind Spot Information System Sensors
Blind Spot Information System Indicators
Blind Spot Information System – Troubleshooting
Blind Spot Information System – Information Messages
Cross Traffic Alert
What Is Cross Traffic Alert
How Does Cross Traffic Alert Work
Cross Traffic Alert Precautions
Cross Traffic Alert Limitations
Switching Cross Traffic Alert On and Off
Locating the Cross Traffic Alert Sensors
Cross Traffic Alert Indicators
Cross Traffic Alert – Troubleshooting
Cross Traffic Alert – Information Messages
Pre-Collision Assist
What Is Pre-Collision Assist
How Does Pre-Collision Assist Work
Pre-Collision Assist Precautions
Pre-Collision Assist Limitations
Switching Pre-Collision Assist On and Off
Locating the Pre-Collision Assist Sensors
Distance Indication
What Is Distance Indication
Switching Distance Indication On and Off
Distance Indication Indicator
Distance Alert
What Is Distance Alert
Adjusting the Sensitivity of Distance Alert
Automatic Emergency Braking
What Is Automatic Emergency Braking
Switching Automatic Emergency Braking On and Off
Evasive Steering Assist
What Is Evasive Steering Assist
Evasive Steering Assist Limitations
Switching Evasive Steering Assist On and Off
Pre-Collision Assist – Troubleshooting
Pre-Collision Assist – Warning Lamps
Pre-Collision Assist – Information Messages
Pre-Collision Assist – Frequently Asked Questions
Driver Alert
What Is Driver Alert
How Does Driver Alert Work
Driver Alert Precautions
Driver Alert Limitations
Switching Driver Alert On and Off
Driver Alert Indicators
Driver Alert – Troubleshooting
Driver Alert – Information Messages
Speed Sign Recognition
What Is Speed Sign Recognition
How Does Speed Sign Recognition Work
Speed Sign Recognition Precautions
Speed Sign Recognition Limitations
Speed Sign Recognition Indicators
Setting the Speed Sign Recognition Speed Warning
Setting the Speed Sign Recognition Speed Tolerance
Speed Sign Recognition – Troubleshooting
Speed Sign Recognition – Information Messages
Speed Sign Recognition – Frequently Asked Questions
Load Carrying
Load Carrying Precautions
Locating the Safety Compliance Certification Labels
What Is the Gross Axle Weight Rating
What Is the Gross Vehicle Weight Rating
What Is the Maximum Loaded Trailer Weight
What Is the Gross Combined Weight Rating
Calculating Payload
Calculating the Load Limit
Luggage Compartment
Luggage Compartment Precautions
Opening and Closing the Front Luggage Compartment
Using the Front Luggage Compartment Emergency Release
Installing and Removing the Luggage Compartment Cover
Adjusting the Luggage Compartment Load Floor
Luggage Compartment Anchor Points
Locating the Luggage Compartment Anchor Points
Towing a Trailer
Towing a Trailer Precautions
Driving Hints
Cold Weather Precautions
Performance Vehicle Precautions
Electric Vehicle
Maximizing Your Driving Range
Driving in Cold Weather
Driving Through Shallow Water
Floor Mats
Crash and Breakdown Information
Roadside Assistance
Switching the Hazard Flashers On and Off
Jump Starting the Vehicle
Jump Starting Precautions
Preparing the Vehicle
Jump Starting the Vehicle
Post-Crash Alert System
What Is the Post-Crash Alert System
How Does the Post-Crash Alert System Work
Post-Crash Alert System Limitations
Switching the Post-Crash Alert System Off
Post Impact Braking
How Does Post Impact Braking Work
Post Impact Braking Limitations
Overriding Post Impact Braking
Post Impact Braking Indicators
Automatic Crash Shutoff
What Is Automatic Crash Shutoff
Re-Enabling Your Vehicle
Transporting the Vehicle
Towing Your Vehicle
Towing Your Vehicle Precautions
Recreationally Towing Your Vehicle
Emergency Towing
Towing Your Vehicle – Troubleshooting
Towing Your Vehicle – Information Messages
Fuse Precautions
Under Hood Fuse Box
Locating the Under Hood Fuse Box
Accessing the Under Hood Fuse Box
Identifying the Fuses in the Under Hood Fuse Box
Body Control Module Fuse Box
Locating the Body Control Module Fuse Box
Accessing the Body Control Module Fuse Box
Identifying the Fuses in the Body Control Module Fuse Box
Identifying Fuse Types
Fuses – Troubleshooting
Fuses – Frequently Asked Questions
Maintenance Precautions
Opening and Closing the Hood
Under Hood Overview
Checking the Coolant
Automatic Transmission Fluid Check
12V Battery
Changing the 12V Battery
Charging the 12V Battery
12V Battery – Troubleshooting
12V Battery – Warning Lamps
12V Battery – Information Messages
Adjusting the Headlamps
Exterior Bulbs
Exterior Bulb Specification Chart
Interior Bulbs
Interior Bulb Specification Chart
Vehicle Care
General Information
Cleaning Products
Cleaning the Exterior
Cleaning the Exterior Precautions
Cleaning Headlamps and Rear Lamps
Cleaning Windows and Wiper Blades
Cleaning Chrome, Aluminium or Stainless Steel
Cleaning Wheels
Cleaning Stripes or Graphics
Cleaning Camera Lenses and Sensors
Cleaning the Underbody
Cleaning the Interior
Cleaning the Instrument Panel
Cleaning Plastic
Cleaning Displays and Screens
Cleaning Seats and the Headliner
Cleaning Carpets and Floor Mats
Cleaning Seatbelts
Cleaning Storage Compartments
Repairing Minor Paint Damage
Body Styling Kits
Body Styling Kit Precautions
Storing Your Vehicle
Preparing Your Vehicle for Storage
Removing Your Vehicle From Storage
Wheel and Tire Information
Locating the Tire label
Department of Transportation Uniform Tire Quality Grades
Information on the Tire Sidewall
Glossary of Tire Terminology
Tire Replacement Requirements
Using Summer Tires
Using Winter Tires
Using Snow Chains
Tire Care
Checking the Tire Pressures
Inflating the Tires
Inspecting the Tire for Wear
Inspecting the Tire for Damage
Inspecting the Wheel Valve Stems
Tire Rotation
Tire Sealant and Inflator Kit
What Is the Tire Sealant and Inflator Kit
Tire Sealant and Inflator Kit Precautions
Locating the Tire Sealant and Inflator Kit
Tire Sealant and Inflator Kit Components
Using the Tire Sealant and Inflator Kit
Tire Pressure Monitoring System
What Is the Tire Pressure Monitoring System
Tire Pressure Monitoring System Overview
Tire Pressure Monitoring System Precautions
Tire Pressure Monitoring System Limitations
Viewing the Tire Pressures
Tire Pressure Monitoring System – Troubleshooting
Tire Pressure Monitoring System – Warning Lamps
Tire Pressure Monitoring System – Information Messages
Changing a Road Wheel
Wheel Nuts
Capacities and Specifications
Motorcraft Parts
Cooling System Capacity and Specification
Air Conditioning System Capacity and Specification
Washer Fluid Specification
Brake Fluid Specification
Vehicle Identification
Vehicle Identification Number
Locating the Vehicle Identification Number
Vehicle Identification Number Overview
Installing the Vehicle Identification Card
Connected Vehicle
What Is a Connected Vehicle
Connected Vehicle Requirements
Connected Vehicle Limitations
Connecting the Vehicle to a Mobile Network - Vehicles With: Modem
What Is the Modem
Enabling and Disabling the Modem
Connecting FordPass to the Modem
Connecting the Vehicle to a Wi-Fi Network - Vehicles With: SYNC 4
Connected Vehicle – Troubleshooting
Connected Vehicle – Frequently Asked Questions - Vehicles With: Modem
Connected Vehicle – Frequently Asked Questions - Vehicles With: SYNC 4
Vehicle Wi-Fi Hotspot
Creating a Vehicle Wi-Fi Hotspot
Changing the Vehicle Wi-Fi Hotspot Name or Password
Audio System
Audio System Precautions
Switching the Audio Unit On and Off
Selecting the Audio Source
Playing or Pausing the Audio Source
Adjusting the Volume
Switching Shuffle Mode On and Off
Switching Repeat Mode On and Off
Setting a Memory Preset
Muting the Audio
Adjusting the Sound Settings
Setting the Clock and Date
AM/FM Radio
AM/FM Radio Limitations
Selecting a Radio Station
Digital Radio
What Is Digital Radio
How Does Digital Radio Work
Digital Radio Limitations
Switching Digital Radio Reception On and Off
Digital Radio Indicators
Satellite Radio
What Is Satellite Radio
Satellite Radio Limitations
Locating the Satellite Radio Identification Number
Selecting a Channel
Satellite Radio Settings
Audio System – Troubleshooting
Audio System – Information Messages
Center Display Overview
Center Display Precautions
Center Display Limitations
Status Bar
Accessing Feature Drawers
Voice Interaction
What is Voice Interaction
Setting the Wake Word
Beginning a Voice Interaction
Voice Interaction Examples
Phone Precautions
Connecting Your Phone
Phone Menu
Making and Receiving a Phone Call
Sending and Receiving a Text Message
Switching Text Message Notification On and Off
Connecting a Bluetooth® Device
Playing Media Using Bluetooth®
App Precautions
App Requirements
Accessing Apps
Enabling Apps on an iOS Device
Enabling Apps on an Android Device
Switching Apple CarPlay On and Off
Switching Android Auto On and Off
Personal Profiles
How Do Personal Profiles Work
Enabling or Disabling Personal Profiles
Creating a Personal Profile
Linking or Unlinking a Personal Profile to a Remote Control
Linking or Unlinking a Personal Profile to a Device
Personal Profile Settings
Accessing Navigation
Navigation Map Updates
Adjusting the Map
Zooming the Map In and Out
Changing the Format of the Map
Live Traffic
What Is Live Traffic
Switching Live Traffic On and Off
Setting a Destination
Setting a Destination Using the Text Entry Screen
Setting a Destination Using the Map Screen
Setting a Destination Using a Predictive Destination
Setting a Destination Using a Recent Destination
Setting a Destination Using a Saved Destination
Setting a Destination Using a Point of Interest
Adding a Waypoint
Editing Waypoints
Route Guidance
Adjusting the Guidance Prompt Volume
Repeating an Instruction
Canceling Route Guidance
Vehicle System Updates
Updating the Vehicle Systems Wirelessly
Performing a Master Reset
Ford Protect
What Is Ford Protect
Scheduled Maintenance
General Maintenance Information
Normal Scheduled Maintenance
Customer Information
Rollover Warning
The Better Business Bureau Auto Line Program
The Mediation and Arbitration Program
Ordering a Canadian French Owner's Manual
Reporting Safety Defects in the United States
Reporting Safety Defects in Canada
Declaration of Conformity
Declaration of Conformity - Vehicles With: SYNC
Type Approvals
California Proposition 65
Replacement Parts Recommendation
Mobile Communications Equipment
Federal Highway Administration Regulation
End User License Agreement
Export Unique Options
Electromagnetic Compatibility
Driving Hints - Cold Weather Precautions
This view of the Owner's Manual contains the very latest information, which may vary slightly from the printed Owner's Manual originally provided with your vehicle. It may also describe content that is not on or operates differently on your vehicle. Please consider the Owner's Manual originally provided with your vehicle as the primary source of information for your vehicle.
The information contained in this publication was correct at the time of release.In the interest of continuous development, we reserve the right to change specifications, design or equipment at any time without notice or obligation.No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, stored in a retrieval system or translated into any language in any form by any means without our written permission.Errors and omissions excepted.
Copyright © 2024 Ford Motor Company
Cold Weather Precautions
The functional operation of some components and systems can be affected at temperatures below approximately -13 °F (-25 °C).
2021 Mustang Mach-E Owner's Manual


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