text:
Results of our Signals Intelligence Review
January 17, 2014
Washington, D.C.
Advertisement |
Results of our Signals Intelligence Review January 17, 2014
Washington, D.C.
"At the dawn of our Republic, a small, secret surveillance committee borne out of the "The Sons of Liberty" was established in Boston. The group's members included Paul Revere, and at night they would patrol the streets, reporting back any signs that the British were preparing raids against America's early Patriots.
Throughout American history, intelligence has helped secure our country and our freedoms. In the Civil War, Union balloon reconnaissance tracked the size of Confederate armies by counting the number of camp fires. In World War II, code-breaking gave us insight into Japanese war plans, and when Patton marched across Europe, intercepted communications helped save the lives of his troops. After the war, the rise of the Iron Curtain and nuclear weapons only increased the need for sustained intelligence-gathering. And so, in the early days of the Cold War, President Truman created the National Security Agency to give us insight into the Soviet bloc, and provide our leaders with information they needed to confront aggression and avert catastrophe.
Throughout this evolution, we benefited from both our Constitution and traditions of limited government. U.S. intelligence agencies were anchored in our system of checks and balances -- with oversight from elected leaders, and protections for ordinary citizens. Meanwhile, totalitarian states like East Germany offered a cautionary tale of what could happen when vast, unchecked surveillance turned citizens into informers, and persecuted people for what they said in the privacy of their own homes.
In fact even the United States proved not to be immune to the abuse of surveillance. In the 1960s, government spied on civil rights leaders and critics of the Vietnam War. Partly in response to these revelations, additional laws were established in the 1970s to ensure that our intelligence capabilities could not be misused against our citizens. In the long, twilight struggle against Communism, we had been reminded that the very liberties that we sought to preserve could not be sacrificed at the altar of national security.
If the fall of the Soviet Union left America without a competing superpower, emerging threats from terrorist groups, and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction placed new -- and, in some ways more complicated -- demands on our intelligence agencies. Globalization and the Internet made these threats more acute, as technology erased borders and empowered individuals to project great violence, as well as great good. Moreover, these new threats raised new legal and policy questions. For while few doubted the legitimacy of spying on hostile states, our framework of laws was not fully adapted to prevent terrorist attacks by individuals acting on their own, or acting in small, ideologically driven groups rather than on behalf of a foreign power.
The horror of September 11th brought these issues to the fore. Across the political spectrum, Americans recognized that we had to adapt to a world in which a bomb could be built in a basement, and our electric grid could be shut down by operators an ocean away. We were shaken by the signs we had missed leading up to the attacks -- how the hijackers had made phone calls to known extremists, and travelled to suspicious places. So we demanded that our intelligence community improve its capabilities, and that law enforcement change practices to focus more on preventing attacks before they happen than prosecuting terrorists after an attack.
It is hard to overstate the transformation America's intelligence community had to go through after 9/11. Our agencies suddenly needed to do far more than the traditional mission of monitoring hostile powers and gathering information for policymakers -- instead, they were asked to identify and target plotters in some of the most remote parts of the world, and to anticipate the actions of networks that, by their very nature, cannot be easily penetrated with spies or informants.
And it is a testimony to the hard work and dedication of the men and women of our intelligence community that over the past decade, we've made enormous strides in fulfilling this mission. Today, new capabilities allow intelligence agencies to track who a terrorist is in contact with, and follow the trail of his travel or his funding. New laws allow information to be collected and shared more quickly and effectively between federal agencies, and state and local law enforcement. Relationships with foreign intelligence services have expanded, and our capacity to repel cyber-attacks has been strengthened. And taken together, these efforts have prevented multiple attacks and saved innocent lives -- not just here in the United States, but around the globe.
And yet, in our rush to respond to very real and novel set of threats, the risks of government overreach -- the possibility that we lose some of our core liberties in pursuit of security -- also became more pronounced. We saw, in the immediate aftermath of 9/11, our government engaged in enhanced interrogation techniques that contradicted our values. As a Senator, I was critical of several practices, such as warrantless wiretaps. And all too often new authorities were instituted without adequate public debate.
Through a combination of action by the courts, increased congressional oversight, and adjustments by the previous administration, some of the worst excesses that emerged after 9/11 were curbed by the time I took office. But a variety of factors have continued to complicate America's efforts to both defend our nation and uphold our civil liberties.
First, the same technological advances that allow U.S. intelligence agencies to pin-point an al Qaeda cell in Yemen or an email between two terrorists in the Sahel, also mean that many routine communications around the world are within our reach. At a time when more and more of our lives are digital, that prospect is disquieting for all of us.
Second, the combination of increased digital information and powerful supercomputers offers intelligence agencies the possibility of sifting through massive amounts of bulk data to identify patterns or pursue leads that may thwart impending threats. It's a powerful tool. But the government collection and storage of such bulk data also creates a potential for abuse. Third, the legal safeguards that restrict surveillance against U.S. persons without a warrant do not apply to foreign persons overseas. This is not unique to America; few, if any, spy agencies around the world constrain their activities beyond their own borders. And the whole point of intelligence is to obtain information that is not publicly available. But America's capabilities are unique. And the power of new technologies means that there are fewer and fewer technical constraints on what we can do. That places a special obligation on us to ask tough questions about what we should do.
Finally, intelligence agencies cannot function without secrecy, which makes their work less subject to public debate. Yet there is an inevitable bias not only within the intelligence community, but among all of us who are responsible for national security, to collect more information about the world, not less. So in the absence of institutional requirements for regular debate -- and oversight that is public, as well as private, or classified -- the danger of government overreach becomes more acute. This is particularly true when surveillance technology and our reliance on digital information is evolving much faster than our laws.
For all these reasons, I maintained a healthy skepticism toward our surveillance programs after I became president. I ordered that our programs be reviewed by my national security team and our lawyers, and in some cases I ordered changes in how we did business. We increased oversight and auditing, including new structures aimed at compliance. Improved rules were proposed by the government and approved by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court. And we sought to keep Congress continually updated on these activities.
What I did not do is stop these programs wholesale -- not only because I felt that they made us more secure; but also because nothing in that initial review, and nothing that I have learned since, indicated that our intelligence community has sought to violate the law or is cavalier about the civil liberties of their fellow citizens.
To the contrary, in an extraordinarily difficult job, one in which actions are second-guessed, success is unreported, and failure can be catastrophic, the men and women of the intelligence community, including the NSA, consistently follow protocols designed to protect the privacy of ordinary people. They are not abusing authorities in order to listen to your private phone calls, or read your emails. When mistakes are made -- which is inevitable in any large and complicated human enterprise -- they correct those mistakes. Laboring in obscurity, often unable to discuss their work even with family and friends, the men and women of the NSA know that if another 9/11 or massive cyber-attack occurs, they will be asked, by Congress and the media, why they failed to connect the dots. What sustains those who work at NSA and our other intelligence agencies through all these pressures is the knowledge that their professionalism and dedication play a central role in the defense of our nation.
Now, to say that our intelligence community follows the law, and is staffed by patriots, is not to suggest that I, or others in my Administration, felt complacent about the potential impact of these programs. Those of us who hold office in America have a responsibility to our Constitution, and while I was confident in the integrity of those who lead our intelligence community, it was clear to me in observing our intelligence operations on a regular basis that changes in our technological capabilities were raising new questions about the privacy safeguards currently in place. Moreover, after an extended review of our use of drones in the fight against terrorist networks, I believed a fresh examination of our surveillance programs was a necessary next step in our effort to get off the open ended war-footing that we have maintained since 9/11. For these reasons, I indicated in a speech at the National Defense University last May that we needed a more robust public discussion about the balance between security and liberty. What I did not know at the time is that within weeks of my speech, an avalanche of unauthorized disclosures would spark controversies at home and abroad that have continued to this day.
Given the fact of an open investigation, I'm not going to dwell on Mr. Snowden's actions or motivations. I will say that our nation's defense depends in part on the fidelity of those entrusted with our nation's secrets. If any individual who objects to government policy can take it in their own hands to publicly disclose classified information, then we will not be able to keep our people safe, or conduct foreign policy. Moreover, the sensational way in which these disclosures have come out has often shed more heat than light, while revealing methods to our adversaries that could impact our operations in ways that we may not fully understand for years to come.
Regardless of how we got here, though, the task before us now is greater than simply repairing the damage done to our operations; or preventing more disclosures from taking place in the future. Instead, we have to make some important decisions about how to protect ourselves and sustain our leadership in the world, while upholding the civil liberties and privacy protections that our ideals -- and our Constitution -- require. We need to do so not only because it is right, but because the challenges posed by threats like terrorism, proliferation, and cyber-attacks are not going away any time soon, they are going to continue to be a major problem. And for our intelligence community to be effective over the long haul, we must maintain the trust of the American people, and people around the world.
This effort will not be completed overnight, and given the pace of technological change, we shouldn't expect this to be the last time America has this debate. But I want the American people to know that the work has begun. Over the last six months, I created an outside Review Group on Intelligence and Communications Technologies to make recommendations for reform. I consulted with the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board, created by Congress. I've listened to foreign partners, privacy advocates, and industry leaders. My administration has spent countless hours considering how to approach intelligence in this era of diffuse threats and technological revolution. So before outlining specific changes that I have ordered, let me make a few broad observations that have emerged from this process.
First, everyone who has looked at these problems, including skeptics of existing programs, recognizes that we have real enemies and threats, and that intelligence serves a vital role in confronting them. We cannot prevent terrorist attacks or cyber-threats without some capability to penetrate digital communications -- whether it's to unravel a terrorist plot; to intercept malware that targets a stock exchange; to make sure air traffic control systems are not compromised; or to ensure that hackers do not empty your bank accounts. We are expected to protect the American people; that requires us to have capabilities in this field.
Moreover, we cannot unilaterally disarm our intelligence agencies. There is a reason why Blackberries and iPhones are not allowed in the White House Situation Room. We know that the intelligence services of other countries -- including some who feign surprise over the Snowden disclosures -- are constantly probing our government and private sector networks, and accelerating programs to listen to our conversations, intercept our emails, or compromise our systems. We know that. Meanwhile, a number of countries, including some who have loudly criticized the NSA, privately acknowledge that America has special responsibilities as the world's only superpower; that our intelligence capabilities are critical to meeting these responsibilities; and that they themselves have relied on the information we obtain to protect their own people.
Second, just as ardent civil libertarians recognize the need for robust intelligence capabilities, those with responsibilities for our national security readily acknowledge the potential for abuse as intelligence capabilities advance, and more and more private information is digitized. After all, the folks at NSA and other intelligence agencies are our neighbors. They're our friends, and our family. They have electronic bank and medical records like everyone else. They have kids on Facebook and Instagram, and they know, more than most of us, the vulnerabilities to privacy that exist in a world where transactions are recorded and email and text messages are stored; and even our movements can be tracked through the GPS on our phones.
Third, there was a recognition by all who participated in these reviews that the challenges to our privacy do not come from government alone. Corporations of all shapes and sizes track what you buy, store and analyze our data, and use it for commercial purposes; that's how those targeted ads pop up on your computer or your smartphone periodically. But all of us understand that the standards for government surveillance must be higher. Given the unique power of the state, it is not enough for leaders to say: trust us, we won't abuse the data we collect. For history has too many examples when that trust has been breached. Our system of government is built on the premise that our liberty cannot depend on the good intentions of those in power; it depends upon the law to constrain those in power.
I make these observations to underscore that the basic values of most Americans when it comes to questions of surveillance and privacy converge a lot more than the crude characterizations that have emerged over the last several months. Those who are troubled by our existing programs are not interested in repeating the tragedy of 9/11, and those who defend these programs are not dismissive of civil liberties. The challenge is getting the details right, and that is not simple. In fact, during the course of our review, I have often reminded myself that I would not be where I am today were it not for the courage of dissidents, like Dr. King, who were spied upon by their own government; and as a president, a president who looks at intelligence every morning, I also can't help but be reminded that America must be vigilant in the face of threats.
Now, fortunately, by focusing on facts and specifics rather than speculation and hypotheticals, this review process has given me -- and hopefully the American people -- some clear direction for change. And today, I can announce a series of concrete and substantial reforms that my administration intends to adopt administratively or will seek to codify with Congress.
First, I have approved a new presidential directive for our signals intelligence activities, both at home and abroad. This guidance will strengthen executive branch oversight of our intelligence activities. It will ensure that we take into account our security requirements, but also our alliances; our trade and investment relationships, including the concerns of America's companies; and our commitment to privacy and basic liberties. And we will review decisions about intelligence priorities and sensitive targets on an annual basis, so that our actions are regularly scrutinized by my senior national security team.
Second, we will reform programs and procedures in place to provide greater transparency to our surveillance activities, and fortify the safeguards that protect the privacy of U.S. persons. Since we began this review, including information being released today, we've declassified over 40 opinions and orders of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, which provides judicial review of some of our most sensitive intelligence activities -- including the Section 702 program targeting foreign individuals overseas and the Section 215 telephone metadata program. Going forward, I am directing the Director of National Intelligence, in consultation with the Attorney General, to annually review -- for the purpose of declassification -- any future opinions of the Court with broad privacy implications, and to report to me and Congress on these efforts. To ensure that the Court hears a broader range of privacy perspectives, I am also calling on Congress to authorize the establishment of a panel of advocates from outside government to provide an independent voice in significant cases before the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court.
Third, we will provide additional protections for activities conducted under Section 702, which allows the government to intercept the communications of foreign targets overseas who have information that's important for our national security. Specifically, I am asking the Attorney General and DNI to institute reforms that place additional restrictions on government's ability to retain, search, and use in criminal cases, communications between Americans and foreign citizens incidentally collected under Section 702.
Fourth, in investigating threats, the FBI also relies on what's called National Security Letters, which can require companies to provide specific and limited information to the government without disclosing the orders to the subject of the investigation. These are cases in which it is important that the subject of the investigation, such as a possible terrorist or spy, isn't tipped off. But we can -- and should -- be more transparent in how government uses this authority. I have therefore directed the Attorney General to amend how we use National Security Letters so this secrecy will not be indefinite, so that it will terminate within a fixed time unless the government demonstrates a real need for further secrecy. We will also enable communications providers to make public more information than ever before about the orders they have received to provide data to the government.
This brings me to program that has generated the most controversy these past few months -- the bulk collection of telephone records under Section 215. Let me repeat what I said when this story first broke -- this program does not involve the content of phone calls, or the names of people making calls. Instead, it provides a record of phone numbers and the times and lengths of calls -- meta-data that can be queried if and when we have a reasonable suspicion that a particular number is linked to a terrorist organization.
Why is this necessary? The program grew out of a desire to address a gap identified after 9/11. One of the 9/11 hijackers -- Khalid al-Mihdhar -- made a phone call from San Diego to a known al Qaeda safe-house in Yemen. NSA saw that call, but could not see that it was coming from an individual already in the United States. The telephone metadata program under Section 215 was designed to map the communications of terrorists, so we can see who they may be in contact with as quickly as possible. This capability could also prove valuable in a crisis. For example, if a bomb goes off in one of our cities and law enforcement is racing to determine whether a network is poised to conduct additional attacks, time is of the essence. Being able to quickly review telephone connections to assess whether a network exists is critical to that effort.
In sum, the program does not involve the NSA examining the phone records of ordinary Americans. Rather, it consolidates these records into a database that the government can query if it has a specific lead -- a consolidation of phone records that the companies already retain for business purposes. The Review Group turned up no indication that this database has been intentionally abused. And I believe it is important that the capability that this program is designed to meet is preserved.
Having said that, I believe critics are right to point out that without proper safeguards, this type of program could be used to yield more information about our private lives, and open the door to more intrusive, bulk collection programs in the future. The're also right to point out that although the telephone bulk collection program was subject to oversight by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court and has been reauthorized repeatedly by Congress, it has never been subject to vigorous public debate.
For all these reasons, I believe we need a new approach. I am therefore ordering a transition that will end the Section 215 bulk metadata program as it currently exists, and establish a mechanism that preserves the capabilities we need without the government holding this bulk meta-data.
This will not be simple. The Review Group recommended that our current approach be replaced by one in which the providers or a third party retain the bulk records, with the government accessing information as needed. Both of these options pose difficult problems. Relying solely on the records of multiple providers, for example, could require companies to alter their procedures in ways that raise new privacy concerns. On the other hand, any third party maintaining a single, consolidated data-base would be carrying out what's essentially a government function with more expense, more legal ambiguity, potentially less accountability, all of which would have a doubtful impact on increasing public confidence that their privacy is being protected.
During the review process, some suggested that we may also be able to preserve the capabilities we need through a combination of existing authorities, better information sharing, and recent technological advances. But more work needs to be done to determine exactly how this system might work.
Because of the challenges involved, I've ordered that the transition away from the existing program will proceed in two steps. Effective immediately, we will only pursue phone calls that are two steps removed from a number associated with a terrorist organization instead of the current three. And I have directed the Attorney General to work with the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court so that during this transition period, the database can be queried only after a judicial finding, or in the case of a true emergency.
Next, step two, I have instructed the intelligence community and Attorney General to use this transition period to develop options for a new approach that can match the capabilities and fill the gaps that the Section 215 program was designed to address without the government holding this meta-data itself. They will report back to me with options for alternative approaches before the program comes up for reauthorization on March 28. During this period, I will consult with the relevant committees in Congress to seek their views, and then seek congressional authorization for the new program as needed.
The reforms I'm proposing today should give the American people greater confidence that their rights are being protected, even as our intelligence and law enforcement agencies maintain the tools they need to keep us safe. I recognize that there are additional issues that require further debate. For example, some who participated in our review, as well as some in Congress, would like to see more sweeping reforms to the use of National Security Letters, so that we have to go to a judge each time before issuing these requests. Here, I have concerns that we should not set a standard for terrorism investigations that is higher than those involved in investigating an ordinary crime. But I agree that greater oversight on the use of these letters may be appropriate, and am prepared to work with Congress on this issue. There are also those who would like to see different changes to the FISA court than the ones I have proposed. On all of these issues, I am open to working with Congress to ensure that we build a broad consensus for how to move forward, and am confident that we can shape an approach that meets our security needs while upholding the civil liberties of every American.
Let me now turn to the separate set of concerns that have been raised overseas, and focus on America's approach to intelligence collection abroad. As I've indicated, the United States has unique responsibilities when it comes to intelligence collection. Our capabilities help protect not only our own nation, but our friends and allies as well. Our efforts will only be effective if ordinary citizens in other countries have confidence that the United States respects their privacy too. And the leaders of our close friends and allies deserve to know that if I want to learn what they think about an issue, I will pick up the phone and call them, rather than turning to surveillance. In other words, just as we balance security and privacy at home, our global leadership demands that we balance our security requirements against our need to maintain trust and cooperation among people and leaders around the world.
For that reason, the new presidential directive that I have issued today will clearly prescribe what we do, and do not do, when it comes to our overseas surveillance. To begin with, the directive makes clear that the United States only uses signals intelligence for legitimate national security purposes, and not for the purpose of indiscriminately reviewing the emails or phone calls of ordinary folks. I have also made it clear that the United States does not collect intelligence to suppress criticism or dissent, nor do we collect intelligence to disadvantage people on the basis of their ethnicity, or race, or gender, or sexual orientation, or religious beliefs. We do not collect intelligence to provide a competitive advantage to U.S. companies, or U.S. commercial sectors.
And in terms of our bulk collection of signals intelligence, U.S. intelligence agencies will only use such data to meet specific security requirements: counter-intelligence; counter-terrorism; counter-proliferation; cyber-security; force protection for our troops and our allies; and combating transnational crime, including sanctions evasion. In this directive, I have taken the unprecedented step of extending certain protections that we have for the American people to people overseas. I have directed the DNI, in consultation with the Attorney General, to develop these safeguards, which will limit the duration that we can hold personal information, while also restricting the use of this information.
The bottom line is that people around the world -- regardless of their nationality -- should know that the United States is not spying on ordinary people who don't threaten our national security, and that we take their privacy concerns into account in our policies and procedures. This applies to foreign leaders as well. Given the understandable attention that this issue has received, I have made clear to the intelligence community that -- unless there is a compelling national security purpose -- we will not monitor the communications of heads of state and government of our close friends and allies. And I've instructed my national security team, as well as the intelligence community, to work with foreign counterparts to deepen our coordination and cooperation in ways that rebuild trust going forward.
Now let me be clear: our intelligence agencies will continue to gather information about the intentions of governments -- as opposed to ordinary citizens -- around the world, in the same way that the intelligence services of every other nation does. We will not apologize simply because our services may be more effective. But heads of state and government with whom we work closely, and on whose cooperation we depend, should feel confident that we are treating them as real partners. The changes I've ordered do just that.
Finally, to make sure that we follow through on these reforms, I am making some important changes to how our government is organized. The State Department will designate a senior officer to coordinate our diplomacy on issues related to technology and signals intelligence. We will appoint a senior official at the White House to implement the new privacy safeguards that I have announced today. I will devote the resources to centralize and improve the process we use to handle foreign requests for legal assistance, keeping our high standards for privacy while helping foreign partners fight crime and terrorism.
I have also asked my Counselor, John Podesta, to lead a comprehensive review of big data and privacy. This group will consist of government officials who -- along with the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology -- will reach out to privacy experts, technologists and business leaders, and look how the challenges inherent in big data are being confronted by both the public and private sectors; whether we can forge international norms on how to manage this data; and how we can continue to promote the free flow of information in ways that are consistent with both privacy and security.
For ultimately, what's at stake in this debate goes far beyond a few months of headlines, or passing tensions in our foreign policy. When you cut through the noise, what's really at stake is how we remain true to who we are in a world that is remaking itself at dizzying speed. Whether it's the ability of individuals to communicate ideas; to access information that would have once filled every great library in every country in the world; or to forge bonds with people on the other sides of the globe, technology is remaking what is possible for individuals, and for institutions, and for the international order. So while the reforms that I have announced will point us in a new direction, I am mindful that more work will be needed in the future. One thing I'm certain of: this debate will make us stronger. And I also know that in this time of change, the United States of America will have to lead. It may seem sometimes that America is being held to a different standard, and I'll admit the readiness of some to assume the worst motives by our government can be frustrating. No one expects China to have an open debate about their surveillance programs, or Russia to take the privacy concerns of citizens in other places into account. But let us remember that we are held to a different standard precisely because we have been at the forefront in defending personal privacy and human dignity.
As the nation that developed the Internet, the world expects us to ensure that the digital revolution works as a tool for individual empowerment not government control. Having faced down the dangers of totalitarian dangers of fascism and communism, the world expects us to stand up for the principle that every person has the right to think and write and form relationships freely -- because individual freedom is the wellspring of human progress.
Those values make us who we are. And because of the strength of our own democracy, we should not shy away from high expectations. For more than two centuries, our Constitution has weathered every type of change because we have been willing to defend it, and because we have been willing to question the actions that have been taken in its defense. Today is no different. I believe we can meet high expectations Together, let us chart a way forward that secures the life of our nation, while preserving the liberties that make our nation worth fighting for. Thank you. God bless you. May God bless the United States of America. Thank you."


text:
Pick Up Time :
Get a $5 credit or a free drink if order not ready on pick up time.
Please enter a valid email address
By clicking Let me know, you agree to our Terms & Conditions and to receive email updates and exclusive promotions, which you may unsubscribe from any time.
Add to Wishlist
Your store is set to:
Make sure to have the correct store selected. Stock levels are different at every store! We don't do walk-ins, please make sure to order online for Pickup.
ORICO SuperSpeed USB3.0 SATA Hard Drive Docking Station (6619US3)

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The March to the Sea and Beyond: Sherman's Troops in the Savannah and Carolinas Campaigns This book contains an examination of the army that General William Tecumseh Sherman led through Georgia and the Carolinas, in late 1864 and early 1865.A look at the individuals that composed the army. In it, he examines the social and ideological backgrounds of the men in Sherman's army, and evaluates how they felt about various factors of the war--slavery, the union, and, most significantly, the campaign in which they were participating. |
Kindle Available Standard Catalog of Civil War Firearms Over 700 photographs and a rarity scale for each gun, this comprehensive guide to the thousands of weapons used by Billy Yank and Johnny Reb will be indispensable for historians and collectors. |
Coastal Gun of Sherman's Army at Fort Mcallister Giclee Print 18 in. x 24 in. Buy at AllPosters.com Framed Mounted |
Savannah A large Union army led by Sherman leaves Chattanooga and northern Georgia camps and marches south to Atlanta and ultimately arrives at the coastal city of Savannah, laying waste to the territory through which it passes |
The Atlanta Campaign of 1864 The operations of the Union and Confederate armies from the perspective of the soldiers and the top generals. He offers new accounts and analyses of the major events of the campaign, and, in the process, corrects many long-standing myths, misconceptions, and mistakes. He challenges the standard view of Sherman's performance. |
Sherman's March: The First Full-Length Narrative of General William T. Sherman's Devastating March through Georgia and the Carolinas Beginning with the fall of Atlanta, the unrelenting aggressive slash and burn total warfare of General Sherman's Union troops, and then the final march into Raleigh |
Kindle Available Southern Storm: Sherman's March to the Sea The destruction spanned more than sixty miles in width and virtually cut the South in two, disabling the flow of supplies to the Confederate army. He led more than 60,000 Union troops to blaze a path from Atlanta to Savannah, ordering his men to burn crops, kill livestock, and decimate everything that fed the Rebel war machine |
The Children of Pride: Selected letters of the family of the Rev. Dr. Charles Colcock Jones from the years 1860-1868 This book provides the thoughts of the entire family, all literate and well-spoken people, over the entire period from the 1850s, just living their ante-bellum experience, to the idea of the war on the horizon, entering into it and living it day by day. This is all seen through ordinary every-day experiences, family anecdotes, and discussions of what is occurring |
Guide to the Atlanta Campaign: Rocky Face Ridge to Kennesaw Mountain Following the capture of Chattanooga, the Union initiated battles and operations that took it from the Tennessee border to the outskirts of Atlanta. Bloody confrontations at places such as Resaca and New Hope Church. Grant had ordered Sherman to penetrate the enemy's interior and inflict "all the damage you can against their War resources," |
Cracker Cavaliers: The 2nd Georgia Cavalry Under Wheeler and Forrest The Second Georgia fought in such famous campaigns as Perryville, Stones River, Chickamauga, Knoxville, Resaca, Atlanta, and Bentonville, they also participated in deadly encounters at Farmington, Mossy Creek, Noonday Creek, Sunshine Church, and Waynesboro |
The Battle of Resaca: Atlanta Campaign, 1864 Ideal book for a Civil War buff. Take it with you if you visit the site. Written accounts from the soldiers that stormed across the hills put you in the moment. Several good maps and even pictures taken a few days after the battle help take you out of your living room and into the past |
The March to the Sea and Beyond: Sherman's Troops in the Savannah and Carolinas Campaigns This book contains an examination of the army that General William Tecumseh Sherman led through Georgia and the Carolinas, in late 1864 and early 1865. Instead of being just another narrative of the March to the Sea and Carolina campaigns, however, Glatthaar's book is a look at the individuals that composed the army. In it, he examines the social and ideological backgrounds of the men in Sherman's army, and evaluates how they felt about various factors of the war--slavery, the union, and, most significantly, the campaign in which they were participating. The result is a fascinating look at Sherman's campaigns through the eyes of the everyday soldier. Amazon Reviewer |
Sherman Invades Georgia: Planning the North Georgia Campaign Using a Modern Perspective Sherman Invades Georgia takes advantage of modern planning techniques to fully examine what went into the Georgia campaign. Unlike other studies, though, this one puts the reader squarely into the mind of General Sherman on the eve of his most famous military undertaking—limiting the information to that possessed by Sherman at the time, as documented in his correspondence during the campaign and not in his after-the-fact reports and autobiography. |
The White Tecumseh: A Biography of General William T. Sherman Utilizing regimental histories, historian Hirshon offers a sympathetic yet excellent biography of one of the more noted Civil War generals, best remembered for burning Atlanta, cutting a swath of destruction across Georgia, then creating total destruction in South Carolina, including the burning of Columbia. Hirshon gives us an insight into how Sherman's own troops felt about him and his relationships with fellow generals, especially Grant. The author not only describes Sherman's role in the war but also details his early life and family problems. The latter part of the book deals with his life after the war, especially with the Indians in the West as well as his relationships with Presidents Johnson and Grant. |
Confederate President Jefferson Davis
Civil War Submarines
Civil War Cooking
Civil War Picture Album


text:
Website Accessibility Design Guidelines
This municipality makes every possible effort to make this website compliant with the American with Disabilities Act. If you have advice or comments on how we can improve this website's accessibility for you or for other users who have disabilities, please do let us know.
This municipal website has been designed with the aim of providing accessibility to all users, including those with disabilities:
- The fonts used throughout this website are standardized and are intended to be easily readable and legible across various devices.
- The design of this site is intended to rely on text for navigational links (instead of graphics) in order to make the site readable by screen readers and other assistive technology
- Our intention is to communicate to you and other site users mainly with textual content instead of relying on color.
- Whenever possible, we have all images and hyperlinks with appropriate or descriptive "alt text" or alternative text to help
- Our intention is to make this website compliant with American with Disabilities Act Section 508 so that it is accessible to all users.
- We work to comply with Section 508 as well as as the WCAG 2.1 A and AA for accessibility standards.
- Should you or anybody else have some difficulty or challenges accessing any part of this site, please contact us directly through this website, via email, through the mail, or call us on the telephone with your questions, concerns, advice, or comments. We will do our best to assist you!
If you use technology to assist with consuming content on this site, including a Braille reader, a screen reader, TTY (Text Telephone) or TDD (Telecommunication Device for the Deaf) and the format, layout, organization or style of any of the content or material on this website interferes or inhibits with your ability to access the information, please contact us. Alternatively, users who need accessibility assistance can contact us by phone through the Federal Information Relay Service at 1-800-877-8339 for TTY/Voice communication.
To help us serve you better, please include the following information when contacting us:
- Describe the nature of your accessibility problem
- What is the URL / web address where the information is located
- What format would you prefer to receive the content or material provided to you
- The best contact information for you
Web Browser Accessibility Tools
Nowadays the most popular browsers have accessibility built into it. Likewise the most popular mobile devices (specifically Android and iOS) have accessibility built into their operation systems. It could help you to look at the links below for assistance in optimizing and enhancing your user-experience should you have issues with accessibility:
- Android Device Accessibility Information
- Apple iOS Accessibility Information
- Internet Explorer Accessibility Information
- Firefox Accessibility Information
- Safari Accessibility Information
- Edge Accessibility Information
- Chrome Accessibility Information
Other Resources
- This site will also contain PDF files, and therefore you may use Adobe Reader to view and print these PDFs. Adobe Reader is a free software program and is available across most popular platforms, devices and operating systems. You can visit the Adobe website to download the software.
- Should you wish to read any PDF documents with a screen reader, please visit the Adobe Reader Accessibility website and look at the information underneath the section labeled "Accessibility resources" which has helpful information.
- Web Content Accessibility Guidelines can also be accessed online


text:
IMPORTANT:AttackDefense Labs is included with a Pentester Academy subscription! Upgrade Now to access over 1800+ Labs.
Already a Pentester Academy student? Your access will continue uninterrupted. Please use the same Google account to login here.
Not a Pentester Academy student? Try our Free Communitiy Labs
Zen Cart
stored-xss | Level: Easy | Total Lab Runs: 0 | Premium Lab |
In the exercise below, the attacker has administrative access to the web application and needs to find a stored XSS attack on it.
Username | Password |
admin | Password1 |
The following activities are strictly prohibited on this website unless otherwise explicitly stated as allowed in the mission statement:
- Using automated scanners
- Using brute force attacks
- Denial of Service attacks
- Attacking other student machines in challenges where you might achieve a shell on the vulnerable system
- Attacking the lab infrastructure
Users violating the above will be either temporarily or permanently banned from the website.
If you are unsure about an activity, then please contact support to confirm that it is allowed on our website.
Technical Support for this Lab:
There is a reason we provide unlimited lab time: you can take as much time as you need to solve a lab. However, we realize that sometimes hints might be necessary to keep you motivated!
We currently provide technical support limited to:
- Giving hints for a lab exercise
- In rare circumstances, if you have totally given up (NO!!!) then tell you how to solve it. This will be limited to sharing the solution video or lab report
- A lab exercise fails to load or has errors in it
If you need technical support, please email firstname.lastname@example.com clearly mention the name and link of the lab exercise and other essential details. The more descriptive you are, the faster we can help you. We will get back to you within 24 hours or less.
For adminitrative queries, billing, enterprise accounts etc. please email email@example.com


text:
Click Here For Video Of Meeting
FOXBORO, Mass. -- The Massachusetts Department of Public Utilities formally launched an investigation into the response to the late October snowstorm by three of the state's public utilities.
Sixty miles west of Boston, Massachusetts there is the small New England town of Sturbridge. Located at the junction of I-90 (The Mass Pike), and I-84 it has become known as the "Crossroads of New England". The town was first settled over 300 years ago, and like other small New England towns it has grown just enough over the years to be in a difficult place today. How do we embrace the future without forgetting how we got to our present? How do we attract the right kind of growth, and maintain who we are? And, what about our culture out here in Central Massachusetts?
These pages will cause one to think about how to protect what we have, our future direction, and how to move on in the very best way.
Those thoughts, and other ramblings, will hopefully inspire more thought, conversation, action, and occasionally a smile...
...seems to be working so far


text:
Warrantied inventory at competitive prices
Search the world's largest inventory of electronic components by manufacturer, category or part number
We sell only warrantied and traceable parts
All inventory ready to ship from our sellers
Mfg Part Number: TS128MSQ64V5 J-S | Alternate P/N: TS128MSQ64V5JS | Manufacturer: Transcend |
Memory Type : RAM Modules | Description: Transcend 1Gb Ddr2 Sdram Memory Module |
Thank you for your interest in the Ram Modules parts that we have in stock from the manufacturer Transcend. Part number TS128MSQ64V5 J-S is currently available for purchase on our website at any time, and with the form provided below, we encourage you to request a quote for your comparisons. To ensure a solution that has been customized to cater to your needs, we ask that you provide us information such as your desired quantity, target price, expected shipping time frame, etc for TS128MSQ64V5 J-S. Once we receive and review your request, a dedicated account manager will be in touch within 15 minutes to provide you with a solution that works for you!
Whether you need Transcend 1Gb Ddr2 Sdram Memory Module parts from Transcend or any other products for your operations, there is no better sourcing solution than ASAP Memory. With our utmost dedication to the quality and caliber of our parts, we proudly conduct business with AS9120B, ISO 9001:2015, and FAA AC 00-56B accreditation. Furthermore, we always ship parts out alongside their qualifying certifications and manufacturing trace documentation, as applicable. If you are ready to begin sourcing part number TS128MSQ64V5 J-S and other parts, send us a completed RFQ form at your earliest convenience! We look forward to serving you.
We Hope that You Will Visit Us Again the Next Time You Need Memory Parts and Make Us Your Strategic Purchasing Partner.
Request for Quote


text:
With Adeptcore, Inc.'s Identity Management solution, you'll add a powerful and affordable method to manage user access.
Maintaining data security is crucial for any company. As a small business owner, it becomes the kind of issue that, if compromised, may just be enough to hinder your organization's ability to run smoothly and put in jeopardy all you've worked so hard for. At Adeptcore, Inc., we are known for providing small and mid-sized businesses useful solutions that remove the boundaries that often hold these organizations back from realizing revenue-boosting operational efficiency.
Often organizations will demand that each employee be given one username in which to sign into the network, but what happens when you have information that you don't want certain employees or users to access? What if you have a platform which requires a certain aptitude? Under these circumstances you don't want to allow just anyone access. Our Identity Management solution allows you to assign authorizations, keeping everyone in your organization under the security clearance they need to do the job they are assigned properly.
Not Just Profiles, Identities
Adeptcore, Inc.'s Identity Management solution provides administrators with all the tools they need to keep their environments safe.
Our Identity Management solution is designed to give company administrators the ability to control access to sensitive business data with the creation and management of user identities. By setting up a virtual profile for each user, a vessel has been created to manage all of your user's identities. Populating it with credentials and authorizations allows your company to best manage who can access what from where.
By adhering to industry best practices and using our Identity Management solution, your business' administrators can properly manage:
- Verification - Authentication using passcodes, biometrics, or behaviors.
- Authorization - Determining what part of a particular platform the individual identity profile has access to.
- Groups of Operation - Assign roles to certain individuals that others in your organization may have access to, but are not responsible for.
- Delegation - Allows local administrators to change options that only the global administrator normally has access to.
Our Identity Management solution provides its value by keeping all forms of data open to the people who need it and closed to those who don't. The solution can allow or deny access to people looking to gain admittance to your facility, or even parts of your facility.
Save Money with Identity Management
Experience higher degrees of productivity with our Identity Management solution.
Every business owner is looking for a way to save money. Adeptcore, Inc. has several solutions that are aimed at boosting your company's productivity. Outfitting your company with our Identity Management solution provides you with superior productivity by cutting down on redundancies and promoting your mobile computing platforms; a function many businesses are trying to incorporate. After all, the more places your employees can do work, the more places they will do work.
At Adeptcore, Inc., we are proud to offer services that bring value to our clients. For more information about our Identity Management solution or our comprehensive Managed IT Services call us at (847) 595-0343.


text:
Acme Marketing provided the tools and strategies we needed to build PPC campaigns with great ROI.
John Doe, ABC Corp
I wouldn't hesitate to recommend Acme for marketing support. Their team of experts have assisted us with everything from keyword research to getting our social media strategy on the right track.
Jane Doe, XYZ Interiors
Our team is free to work on the tasks they do best.
Vasu Sameer, AK Consulting
From day one, the team at Acme become partners and friends. They immediately got to know the business are driven to help small businesses succeed.
Amanda Smith, Awesome Software


text:
- Home
- Legends of Hockey Cards
- Woody Dumart Legends of Hockey Card #45
Product Description
Originally released in 5 series of 18 cards each and sold exclusively by DC SPORTS and The Hockey Hall of Fame from 1992-1996.
Each Card measures 5.5 x 3.5. It is Hockey's answer to the Perez-Steele Baseball Cards or Goal Line Football Cards.
Each card is limited to 10,000 produced, although only a small fraction of that still exists.
DC SPORTS has been the leader in Autographed and non-autographed Sports Memorabilia for over 20 years. Based in Sterling Heights, Michigan and Novi, Michigan our retail locations specialize in products for the Detroit Red Wings, Detroit Tigers, Detroit Pistons, Detroit Lions, Michigan Wolverines, and Michigan State Spartans.
We have had more than 400 autograph guests including Steve Yzerman, Gordie Howe, Barry Sanders, Maurice Richard, Bobby Hull, Ernie Banks, Brian Urlacher, Mike Bossy, Nicklas Lidstrom, Al Kaline, Pavel Datsyuk, and Ernie Harwell just to name a few. Justin Verlander from the Detroit Tigers is a DC SPORTS exclusive athlete.
DC SPORTS works with many athletes on exclusive items. We have done projects with Gordie Howe, Steve Yzerman, Brendan Shanahan, Brett Hull, Chris Chelios, Chris Osgood, Ted Lindsay, Willie Horton, George Kell, Mickey Lolich, Bill Freehan, Sparky Anderson, Jack Morris, and many other athletes
Our partnership with the Hockey Hall of Fame during the 1990s allowed us to produce merchandise such as the Legends of Hockey Card Set. The partnership made it possible for us to bring in over 60 Hockey Hall of Famers for autograph sessions, including Sid Abel, Bill Barber, Mike Bossy, Johnny Bower, Gerry Cheevers, Woody Dumart, Tony and Phil Esposito, Fern Flaman, Boom-Boom Geoffrion, Eddie Giacomin, Red Horner, Gordie Howe, Bobby Hull, Tom Johnson, Ted Kennedy, Harry Lumley, Stan Mikita, Bernie Parent, Bill Quackenbush, Maurice and Henri Richard, Allan Stanley, Harry Watson, and Gump Worsley, along with many other Hall of Famers over the years.
Please contact us for all of your Memorabilia needs. From autographed hockey pucks to autographed baseball jerseys, DC SPORTS can help you find what you are looking for
All of our Autographed Memorabilia is backed 100% by our DC SPORTS Certificate of Authenticity.


text:
Get a Quick Fiber Internet Connection in Seal Harbor, ME
Get the Fastest Fiber Internet Connection in Seal Harbor, ME
Our Plans
We offer several fiber internet plans that suit the different needs of our customers. When you compare internet providers, you'll find our plans offer the best deal, giving you great service. They include speeds up to 1 Gig and higher. Take a look at our different plans to select the one that best suits your internet needs!
Harness the Speed of Light with Fiber Internet in Seal Harbor, ME
How do our plans better your connection and improve your internet performance?
Fiber internet uses fiber-optic lines to funnel internet connectivity right into your Seal Harbor, ME home. These lines bundle together glass strands, which conduct light signals. When the signals pass through the wires, they carry digital code with them. The code gets translated into a high-quality internet connection.
Because light travels faster than any other medium, fiber internet gives you quicker online access than any other type of service.
Contact us today to learn more and get the best price on the fastest internet service available in your area!
Search For Fiber Internet In Seal Harbor, ME Using Our Internet Finder Tool
High-speed internet is the backbone of most internet service providers. That is why when it comes to choosing the correct service provider for your needs, it's critical that you go with a company who has a proven track record of providing unmatched service quality.
FiberInternetNow is one of the premier Fiber Internet service locators in the marketplace, helping customers find the perfect ISP for their specific needs. FiberInternetNow makes it easy for you to locate deals and special offers on some of the best internet packages available in your area.
At FiberInternetNow, we provide a wide range of tools to help you research and compare various internet service offers from some of the most reputable providers in the industry. Comparing offers from multiple Internet Service Providers, is a great way to find the perfect fit for your connectivity needs.
We also provide real reviews from our customers so that you can get real-world advice from people just like you. Looking for Fiber Internet services.
Using our ISP finder tool, you will be able to browse offers from industry-leading ISPs such as: Xfinity, Comcast, SuddenLink, Optimum, AT&T, Frontier, Spectrum, Cox Cable, Windstream, CenturyLink, Mediacom & much more. Our entire purpose at FiberInternetNow is to help expedite the process involved with you finding a reliable internet service provider for all your web usage needs.
Request a Quote Today!
Are you ready to get fiber internet in your home? Request a quote from us today to see
what we can do for you!


text:
This Filter Page Will Help You To Collect FarmVille 2 sugar-confectioners-b1262e1535bd19861a462d83d35909f2
Invalid Image
You are curently Login as Guest. Please Login To Continue Using Premium Feature.
Login with Facebook
Sorry No Posts Exist With That Image
Click Desire Image To Find Similar Items. (New: Latest Items Images:)
Update: More accurate than text search.
This Website is not affiliated With FarmVille 2. Trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Game Content and Materials Copyright FarmVille 2. All right reserved.


text:
I watched this kick-ass movie titled The Mortal Instruments: City of Bones last night. I highly recommend this movie. Love the story! Believe it or not, this is really happening, a daily battle in the spirit/mundane world. I give it 5 STARS. Excellent movie! :)
Synopsis: Set in contemporary New York City, a seemingly ordinary teenager, Clary Fray (Lily Collins), discovers she is the descendant of a line of Shadowhunters, a secret cadre of young half-angel warriors locked in an ancient battle to protect our world from demons. After the disappearance of her mother (Lena Headey), Clary must join forces with a group of Shadowhunters, who introduce her to a dangerous alternate New York called Downworld, filled with demons, warlocks, vampires, werewolves and other deadly creatures. Based on the worldwide best-selling book series.


text:
Ankara Travertine
COREtec Plus represents the next revolution in luxury vinyl flooring. COREtec Plus is a great alternative to glue down LVT, solid locking LVT, or laminate flooring. The patented construction of COREtec Plus features our innovative COREtec core structure, which is an extruded core made from recycled wood and bamboo dust, limestone, and virgin PVC. Since COREtec Plus is 100% waterproof, COREtec Plus floors can be installed in wet areas and will never swell when exposed to water. COREtec Plus is inert and dimensionally stable; it will not expand or contract under normal conditions. Further, COREtec Plus never needs expansion strips in large rooms. Each COREtec Plus plank has an attached cork underlayment for a quieter, warmer vinyl floor that is naturally resistant to odor causing mold and mildew.
Collection | COREtec Plus Tiles |
Construction | Waterproof LVT |
Installation | Click / Float |
Length | 24" |
Thickness | 8mm |
Width | 43832" |
Sq Ft | 32.04 |
Grade | Below, On, or Above |
Warranty | Residential Warranty: Limited Lifetime / Structure Warranty: Limited Lifetime / Waterproof Warranty: Limited Lifetime / Commercial Warranty: 10 Year Limited |
Edge Type | Micro-Beveled |
Special Features | Eco Friendly, Pad Attached, Waterproof |
Core | COREtec extruded core |


text:
It's MORNING EDITION from NPR News. Good morning, I'm David Greene.
And I'm Steve Inskeep.
Again and again, President Obama's administration tries to pivot attention toward East Asia. Administration officials believe China and its neighbors are where the economic future lies.
GREENE: And yet it's the Middle East that keeps demanding the president's attention. It brings to mind that line from F. Scott Fitzgerald: So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past.
INSKEEP: Today the president meets the British prime minister, David Cameron. A big topic for them is the civil war in Syria. And we hear from Cameron elsewhere in the program.
GREENE: The president also faces questions about last year's attack on a U.S. diplomatic building in Benghazi.
INSKEEP: And joining us as she does most Mondays is Cokie Roberts. Cokie, good morning.
COKIE ROBERTS, BYLINE: Hi, Steve.
INSKEEP: OK, have Republicans finally succeeded in persuading the public-at-large that that attack in Benghazi, Libya wasn't just a tragedy but actually a huge scandal?
ROBERTS: Well, whether they've succeeded or not, they've certainly gotten some fuel for their fire from the emails that the State Department wrote about the talking points on the Benghazi raid.
INSKEEP: What to say about it afterward, that was the question.
ROBERTS: And what to say about it afterwards. And reporting on those internal emails shows that the State Department was trying to edit the talking points for - to make, to make things look better for them and for the secretary of State. And so now the Republicans are saying that this is a big scandal, that it's a cover-up, that a special committee should be named to investigate it, Democrats of course saying the Republicans are just trying to go after their possible presidential candidate in 2016, Hillary Clinton. The California Republican, Darrell Issa, the chairman of the Oversight and Government Reform Committee in the House, disputes that. Here he is yesterday on NBC.
REPRESENTATIVE DARRELL ISSA: Hillary Clinton is not a target. President Obama is not a target. The target is how did we fail three different ways - fail to heed the warnings of an impending attack; fail to respond properly during the attack - at least we certainly could have done better and I think everyone knows that; and then fail to get the truth to the American people in a timely fashion.
ROBERTS: So this is going to continue and more hearings will be held. The Republicans aren't going to let this one go.
INSKEEP: And critics of the administration will point out that while they feel the administration was not paying enough attention to potential problems in Libya, the IRS was paying plenty of attention to conservative political groups. What do you make of that?
ROBERTS: Well, that is really quite a - amazing thing to have happened, for the IRS to have said that they gave extra scrutiny to groups that had the words Tea Party or Patriot in their names. This has a lot of people, actually in both parties, very upset. And the word Nixonian has been bandied about a lot this weekend, since those revelations came out.
Now, you know, the IRS says they didn't really mean it to be political; it was in a field office that this went on. And they were just trying to see if these groups were legitimately tax-exempt. But it doesn't bode well for the administration.
INSKEEP: Well, Cokie Roberts, this administration has been described - I don't even know how many times - as remarkably scandal-free. But when you get into the second term of an administration, there's often some dirty laundry that comes out. Is that what's happening now?
ROBERTS: Well, that is part of what's happening. And it certainly is scandal-free so far in terms of any kind of financial misdeeds or any sexual misdeeds. It's political misdeeds - and those are, you know, things that obviously the opposition party is going to go after. The president is very lucky that he has a Democratic Senate because it's much harder to have a full-blown bipartisan - or seemingly bipartisan - investigation when you own one house of the Congress. And that has been protecting him so far.
INSKEEP: And of course the president is also facing criticism about Syria.
ROBERTS: And that's something that you can certainly argue is considerably more serious. This is a question of real policy options. And as you said earlier, the British prime minister is coming to town and this is obviously going to be at the top of their agenda, is trying to figure out what to do about the ongoing crisis in Syria where the death toll keeps rising. And the president is under pressure to do something more, but nobody knows exactly what.
INSKEEP: Cokie, thanks very much as always.
ROBERTS: Thank you, Steve.
INSKEEP: That's Cokie Roberts. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


text:
When it's time to sell your New Jersey home, there can be some confusion when determining the value. If you REALLY want to know what it is worth, you can pay to have an appraisal done. An agent should be able to provide you with detailed CMA reports, letting you know what is going on in your neighborhood. Knowing the differences in these home values can set you set your ideal asking price!
What is Market Value vs Assessed Value in New Jersey
Market Value by Definition:
According to Fannie Mae, "Market value is the most probable price that a property should bring in a competitive and open market under all conditions requisite to a fair sale, the buyer and seller, each acting prudently, knowledgeably and assuming the price is not affected by undue stimulus."
Basically, this is the amount you can expect to get if you keep your house on the market for a few months provided everything goes smoothly and you have potential buyers coming to see your home on a regular basis.
Assessed Value by Definition:
According to Investopedia, "An assessed value is the dollar value assigned to a property to measure applicable taxes. Assessed valuation determines the value of a residence for tax purposes and takes comparable home sales and inspections into consideration."
Understanding assessed value can be a bit confusing. County property accessors give values to homes for tax purposes, however, these values are not reflective of changes in market value. The difference between the assessed value and the market value is known as the equalization rate. This rate is used by the county to figure your actual property value.
Appraised Value:
But wait, there's more. Your appraised value can differ from both of these. An appraisal is done by a licensed professional who rigorously checks all aspects of the home. While they might be 100% correct, this is still the opinion of one. Whereas other methods are mathematically calculated based off of your home's history and market conditions.
What The Internet Has To Say About It:
The large real estate sites have their own formulas for determining property values. These values are broad, and based on market conditions and information entered by users on the site directly. They do not always accurately reflect YOUR home personally. Think of it as Kelly Blue Book for cars. It is a close guess but determining what the ACTUAL market value can be much different. People report seeing these numbers off by $20k, $50k and even more!
What it Means For You As A Seller:
Do your homework! Make sure you have all the numbers listed above and understand terms such as the equalization ratio and fair market value. Make sure you are working with a true professional who can help you to accurately determine the market value of your home.
Setting a great asking price is critical. You do not want to set it too high and have to repeatedly lower it to get buyers in the door. Your pricing history is public information, and repeatedly lowering your price can make buyers think there is something wrong with it. And for obvious reasons, you don't want to set your asking price too low. To get the price you want you must exercise patience and make sure you are working with a true professional in New Jersey.


text:
Hello! Welcome to day 12 of the 12 Gifts of Christmas Blog Hop hosted by the awesome Jennifer of Ellison Lane Quilts. Have you been following along since day 1?? If not, there's a list of links to all the tutorials at the bottom of this post so go check them out! Today, I'll share a quick/easy/scrap busting tutorial with you. I've done a bit of brain storming since Jennifer invited me to participate and I decided on creating a wallet/organizer that can hold stuff like iPhones, jump drives, memory cards, credit cards, business cards, cash, notes, memo pads, etc. . . . great for the person who needs a little organization. You won't need a lot of fabric for these and they sew up quickly. . . perfect for whipping up last minute Christmas gifts!
- fabric (I used 3 different prints but that's optional)
- fusible interfacing (I used Pellon 911FF-Featherweight and Pellon Craft Fuse)
- cotton batting
- thread
- 5/8" braided or knit elastic
- usual sewing supplies: rotary cutter/mat/ruler, scissors, hand sewing needle, soluble fabric pen, pins or binder clips, a walking foot is helpful if you have one
- 3" x 5" memo pad (I bought mine at Target - Mead brand)
- printable pattern piece - download here
*print pattern piece with no scaling at 100%
Also, if you make some of these wallets, feel free to share photos in both my Flickr group and the official blog hop group pool here!
Also, please visit Ellison Lane Quilts and leave one comment on her tutorial to be entered to win the GRAND PRIZE of a $250 gift certificate to Fabricworm!
Saturday, October 15- Ayumi/Pink Penguin
Sunday, October 16- Amy/ Lots of Pink Here
Monday, October 17- Faith/Fresh Lemons Quilts
Tuesday, October 18- Penny/Sew Take a Hike
Wednesday, October 19- Kati/From the Blue Chair
Thursday, October 20- Lee/Freshly Pieced
Friday, October 21- Elizabeth/Don't Call Me Betsy
Saturday, October 22- Melanie/Texas Freckles
Sunday, October 23- Lindsay/Craft Buds
Monday, October 24- Amanda/A Crafty Fox
Tuesday, October 25-Vanessa/Little Big Girl Studio


text:
"First Choice," Bush-Cheney '04, Inc., 2004
Maker: Maverick Media
Original air date: 07/06/04
From Museum of the Moving Image, The Living Room Candidate: Presidential Campaign Commercials 1952-2012. www.livingroomcandidate.org/commercials/2004/first-choice (accessed July 24, 2024).
To link to or forward this video via email, copy andpaste this URL:
Terrorism and the war in Iraq were clearly the central issues of the 2004 presidential race, overshadowing such perennial domestic concerns as the economy, health care, and jobs. The polarizing subject of Iraq was connected in the minds of many voters to the 9/11 attacks. The focus on military issues and foreign affairs in 2004 marks a strong departure from the previous three elections-in 1992, 1996, and 2000-which focused almost entirely on domestic issues.
In the months leading up to the conventions, the ad strategies of the two major parties followed along the traditional lines established during the Cold War era. President Bush's ads presented him as a steady commander in chief during dangerous times, while Senator Kerry's ads argued that the Democratic challenger is more in touch with the daily needs of the ordinary voter.
The most influential ads of the campaign were produced by a relatively small PAC committee, Swift Boat Veterans for Truth. Their ads, including "Any Questions?," generated widespread and constant news coverage throughout the month of August.
The Internet became an important medium during the 2004 campaign. Candidate Websites functioned as the online equivalent of campaign headquarters, used to organize, mobilize, energize, and raise funds from existing supporters. Influenced by the internet-fueled, grassroots campaign of Democratic primary candidate Howard Dean, the Democratic and Republican nominees took advantage of new social networking technologies and platforms.
The widespread availability of broadband access made it possible for video to be circulated easily on the Web. As a result, Web-based ads by the candidates, independent groups, and individual filmmakers, were widespread. Web ads tend to be edgier and more provocative than TV commercials, partly because they are often targeted to specific groups with strong opinions about candidates and issues, but also because of the nature of viral video.
"Steady Leadership in Times of Change"
Although the Bush campaign ran a few positive ads to kick off the contest in March, the main goal of the President's advertising efforts was to portray Senator Kerry as a flip-flopping liberal in favor of high taxes and reckless cuts in defense spending. The goal has been to define Kerry before the Democrat has had a chance to define himself, and to evoke memories of George McGovern and Michael Dukakis. In fact, the Bush ad "Weapons" is virtually a remake of the 1972 Richard Nixon ad "McGovern Defense."
In late June, the Bush campaign issued a Web ad, "Kerry's Coalition of the Wild-Eyed," which attempts to depict Kerry and fellow Democrats as being excessively angry. The controversial ad intercuts images of Adolf Hitler from MoveOn's "Bush in 30 Seconds" competition. Links to the ad were e-mailed to six million supporters, and graced the Websites of major news outlets.
The controversial August ad from Swift Boat Veterans for Truth ("Any Questions?") was the first from an outside group to inspire response ads directly from the opposing campaign (such as "Old Tricks").
Although it is unusual for an incumbent president to run such a negative ad campaign, it is not unprecedented. Lyndon Johnson's 1964 campaign similarly used attack ads against Barry Goldwater to divert attention from the president's problems with the growing quagmire in Vietnam and with resistance from white voters to his support of civil rights legislation.
"Stronger at Home, Respected in the World."
Even before John Kerry became the presumed Democratic nominee, the Democratic Party benefited from a torrent of anti-Bush ads created and funded by issue-oriented Political Action Committees. The MoveOn PAC enlisted help from well-known Hollywood directors and personalities for its ads, and appealed to Internet audiences to fund the television broadcasts of their favorites, and even appear in them. The best MoveOn ads were those made by documentary filmmaker Errol Morris, including "Real People: Rhonda Nix," part of a series of interview ads with Republicans who were disenchanted with President Bush.
From the primaries through the conventions, John Kerry's TV ads were largely positive in tone, focusing on the candidate's biography and emphasizing domestic issues such as jobs and health care. The strategy was to draw attention to issues considered favorable to the Democratic candidate, and to introduce Kerry to a voting public that had already formed strong opinions about President Bush.
In late April through May, while Kerry's positive biographical ads were playing on television, the Democrats and Kerry issued online attack ads using images of President Bush. Capitalizing on increasing public disaffection with events in Iraq, the Democratic National Committee issued "Mistakes Were Made," in which Bush's remarks from an April press conference are set to ominous music.
In the face of strong attack ads from the Bush campaign and from independent groups, Kerry's TV ads became much more aggressive in tone as well, frequently attacking the President on Iraq and the economy. His campaign also created a few response ads for television within hours, such as "Juvenile," a rebuttal of the Bush ad "Windsurfing." The Kerry ad was made on the same day as the Bush ad, and both ads were given free play on the evening news.


text:
Tally Jerseys are a brand of very high-quality hockey jerseys. We are ready right now to customize and ship any quantity of jerseys with the Generals embroidered twill crest/logo. No (zero) minimum order quantity. The price for any quantity of our custom hockey jerseys is:
$69 per jersey with the team logo (as pictured) plus a player number
$77 per jersey with the team logo, plus a player number and player name
Add $14 for sleeve numbers


text:
Upper-Division Writing Placement Test
- When:
- Location:
- Academic Center
- Room:
- 113
- http://www.ubalt.edu/alc
- Description:
By your second registration at UB, you should have already taken your Upper-division Writing Placement Test to ensure timely graduation and to enhance your academic performance in subsequent courses. In order to register for Advanced Expository Writing (WRIT 300)—an upper-division general education writing course required of all majors—you must either pass Practicum in Writing (WRIT 200) or score a 300 on the Upper-division Writing Placement Test.
The test, which can only be taken once, is administered by the Achievement and Learning Center by appointment only weekdays from March 4 through May 3, and on three Saturdays: March 2, April 6, and May 4.
You must R.S.V.P. for this test through UB's Web calendar (if there is no R.S.V.P. field below, then this section is full—please try another date). Be sure to arrive a few minutes before the start time. Late arrivals will not be admitted. Bring a photo ID and a pen or pencil to the specified testing location.
Click here<http://www.ubalt.edu/academics/academic-support/ achievement-and-learning- center/testing/WPT%20student% 20instructions%202012.05.pdf> for test instructions, grading criteria, sample prompts, and optional test preparation workshop dates.
*This test is not for freshmen or sophomores requiring WRIT 101. Call 410.837.5383 to confirm test requirements.* - Contact Name:
- Achievement and Learning Center
- Contact Email:
- email@example.com
- Contact Phone:
- 410.837.5383
Appropriate accommodations for individuals with disabilities will be provided upon request 10 days prior to a campus event and 30 days prior to an event requiring travel.


text:
HTML preprocessors can make writing HTML more powerful or convenient. For instance, Markdown is designed to be easier to write and read for text documents and you could write a loop in Pug.
In CodePen, whatever you write in the HTML editor is what goes within the <body>
tags in a basic HTML5 template. So you don't have access to higher-up elements like the <html>
tag. If you want to add classes there that can affect the whole document, this is the place to do it.
In CodePen, whatever you write in the HTML editor is what goes within the <body>
tags in a basic HTML5 template. If you need things in the <head>
of the document, put that code here.
The resource you are linking to is using the 'http' protocol, which may not work when the browser is using https.
CSS preprocessors help make authoring CSS easier. All of them offer things like variables and mixins to provide convenient abstractions.
It's a common practice to apply CSS to a page that styles elements such that they are consistent across all browsers. We offer two of the most popular choices: normalize.css and a reset. Or, choose Neither and nothing will be applied.
To get the best cross-browser support, it is a common practice to apply vendor prefixes to CSS properties and values that require them to work. For instance -webkit-
or -moz-
We offer two popular choices: Autoprefixer (which processes your CSS server-side) and -prefix-free (which applies prefixes via a script, client-side).
Any URLs added here will be added as <link>
s in order, and before the CSS in the editor. You can use the CSS from another Pen by using its URL and the proper URL extension.
You can apply CSS to your Pen from any stylesheet on the web. Just put a URL to it here and we'll apply it, in the order you have them, before the CSS in the Pen itself.
You can also link to another Pen here (use the .css
URL Extension) and we'll pull the CSS from that Pen and include it. If it's using a matching preprocessor, use the appropriate URL Extension and we'll combine the code before preprocessing, so you can use the linked Pen as a true dependency.
JavaScript preprocessors can help make authoring JavaScript easier and more convenient.
Babel includes JSX processing.
Any URL's added here will be added as <script>
s in order, and run before the JavaScript in the editor. You can use the URL of any other Pen and it will include the JavaScript from that Pen.
You can apply a script from anywhere on the web to your Pen. Just put a URL to it here and we'll add it, in the order you have them, before the JavaScript in the Pen itself.
If the script you link to has the file extension of a preprocessor, we'll attempt to process it before applying.
You can also link to another Pen here, and we'll pull the JavaScript from that Pen and include it. If it's using a matching preprocessor, we'll combine the code before preprocessing, so you can use the linked Pen as a true dependency.
Search for and use JavaScript packages from npm here. By selecting a package, an import
statement will be added to the top of the JavaScript editor for this package.
Using packages here is powered by esm.sh, which makes packages from npm not only available on a CDN, but prepares them for native JavaScript ESM usage.
All packages are different, so refer to their docs for how they work.
If you're using React / ReactDOM, make sure to turn on Babel for the JSX processing.
If active, Pens will autosave every 30 seconds after being saved once.
If enabled, the preview panel updates automatically as you code. If disabled, use the "Run" button to update.
If enabled, your code will be formatted when you actively save your Pen. Note: your code becomes un-folded during formatting.
Visit your global Editor Settings.
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
@media (prefers-color-scheme: light) {
Also see: Tab Triggers


text:
- Contact us
Our agents are available 24/7 by phone at 888.478.7286 or by email at [email protected] to discuss the details of your private jet charter flight from Charleston Afb/intl (CHS).
Review your optionsOur charter flight quotes are all-inclusive. There won't be any hidden fees or charges upon completion of your charter flight.
Book your aircraft Once you book your plane, our Trip Support Department will help you to arrange in-flight catering, chauffeured ground transportation and even hotel reservations.


text:
The Native American Indian Dog Black and Tan Coonhound Mix, is a mixed breed dog resulting from breeding the Native American Indian Dog and the Black and Tan Coonhound. Both of these dogs can be friendly but personalities differ, so you never know. The Native American Indian Dog is known for being patient, loyal, and alert. All dogs need proper socialization and that will be a big factor in how they interact with others. What does this mixed breed look and act like? Is it more like the Native American Indian Dog or the Black and Tan Coonhound? Those are the questions we will try and answer below. Continue reading below to see pictures, videos, and learn more about the beautiful Native American Indian Dog Black and Tan Coonhound Mix.
While we really recommend that you acquire all animals through a rescue, we understand that some people might go through a breeder to get their Native American Indian Dog Black and Tan Coonhound Mix puppy. That is, if they have any Native American Indian Dog Black and Tan Coonhound Mix puppies for sale.
If you are interested in helping animal rescues raise money, please play our quiz. Each correct answer donates to help feed shelter animals.
All hybrid or designer dogs are tough to get a good read on as there isn't much history to them. Breeding specific dogs like this has become common in the last twenty years or so even though I am sure that this mixed breed found it's share of dogs to the shelter due to accidental breeding. We will take a closer look at the history of both parent breeds below. If you are looking at breeders for new, designer dogs please beware of Puppy Mills. These are places that mass produce puppies, specifically for profit and don't care at all about the dogs. If you have a few minutes, please sign our petition to stop puppy mills.
Native American Indian Dog History
The Native American Indian Dog might have descended from the Common Indian Dog. Most people think it came from the wolf. They are a nordic dog, that is well adjusted to the cold. They make good pets, hunting companions, and are good for activities such as skijoring. This is thought to be an incredibly old breed of dog. The breed was founded and trademarked by Karen Markel. Although they look a lot like a wolf, they are not wolf hybrids. They have more than likely been crossed with the Husky, Malamute, etc.
Black and Tan Coonhound History
"The Black and Tan," as owners know her, is an American-bred scenthound whose initial purpose was to hunt of raccoons, bobcat, cougar, deer, elk, wild boar and even bear. Her job in colonial America was literally to put food on the table. Today she can live either as a working dog or as a family pet. The Black and Tan Coonhound has been bred to hunt game that is active primarily at night. When she picks up a scent, she may begin baying loudly to alert her handler. Each coonhound has her own distinctive baying voice that becomes instantly recognizable to her owner.
Today, she is the most popular of all the American coonhounds. The Black and Tan Coonhound is thought to to descend from three British dogs that were imported to America: the Bloodhound, the Talbot Hound, and the Foxhound, all brought to the states by wealthy landowners during the colonial period. In contrast, the Black and White Coonhound appears to be have been bred and perfected by working-class game hunters.
The Black and Tan Coonhound was recognized by the AKC in 1945. She continues to be used as a hunting dog, but is just as eager to participate in obedience and conformation activities as well as walking, jogging, agility and other forms of exercise. The Black and Tan requires a moderate amount of exercise (all dogs enjoy daily walks) and will be even-tempered and well-behaved as long as she gets that exercise.
Native American Indian Dog
Height: 24 - 34 inches at the shoulder
Weight: 55 - 120 lb
Lifespan: 14 - 19 years
Black and Tan Coonhound
Height: 23 - 27 inches at the shoulder
Weight: 55 - 75 lb.
Lifespan: 10 - 12 years
The Native American Indian Dog and the Black and Tan Coonhound might be a little bit spunky. They can be an inquisitive little fella so keep on the lookout for that behavior! All dogs need attention and don't want to be left alone. That's why you have a pet, right? Plan on putting forth effort to socialize her as this will reap dividends in the long run. Please use always use positive reinforcement even though they can have a mind of their own. Enjoy being with your new mixed breed and love the relationship you will have with them.
All dogs have the potential to develop genetic health problems as all breeds are susceptible to some things more than others. However, the one positive thing about getting a puppy is that you can avoid this as much as possible. A breeder should absolutely offer a health guarantee on puppies. If they won't do this, then look no more and don't consider that breeder at all. A reputable breeder will be honest and open about health problems in the breed and the incidence with which they occur. We obviously recommend that you look for a reputable animal rescue in your area to find your new mixed breed. Health clearances prove that a dog has been tested for and cleared of a particular condition.
The Native American Indian Dog mixed with the Black and Tan Coonhound might be prone to joint dysplasia, eye problems, allergies, among others.
Note that these are just common problems in both breeds.
What are the grooming requirements?
Even if you know the breed, sometimes it is hard to tell if it will be a heavy shedder or a light shedder. Either way, Get ready to invest in a good vacuum if you want to keep your floors clean! Give them baths as needed, but not so much that you dry out their skin.
What are the exercise requirements?
Plan on taking them for extremely long walks and hikes to keep their energy level down. This mix will more than likely have a high energy level. This exercise will keep them from being destructive. A tired dog is a good dog. A tired dog is a good dog though. Never tie your dog up outside - that is inhumane and not fair to him.
What are the training requirements?
This is an intelligent dog that will be a little bit challenging to train. They are going to want to take the alpha position and need someone with a firm, strong, hand that can let them know their place. The best thing you can do is break the sessions into shorter daily sessions to keep their attention span higher. It might have a prey drive and be disposed to running for and chasing small prey, but if handled properly this can be managed. All dogs respond best to positive reinforcement. So make sure to praise her when she does well. She is an intelligent dog who loves to please, and loves a physical challenge. The more exercise she gets the easier she will be to train. Proper socialization is imperative to all dogs and puppies. Make sure to take her to the park and doggy day care to get her around as many people and dogs as possible.
"A lot of times diet is done on a per-dog basis. Each one is unique and has different dietary requirements. Most dogs in the U.S. are overweight. A mix like this one that is prone to hip and elbow dysplasia should really be on fish oil and glucosamine and chondroitin supplements as soon as possible. A good diet to look into is Raw Food Diet. A raw food diet will be especially good for the Wolf background.
Overfeeding any dog is not a good idea as that can really exacerbate health problems such as elbow and hip dysplasia.
I good diet to look into is Raw Food Diet. A raw food diet will be especially good for the Wolf background."


text:
Convert Petabyte SI to Bit (Bytes / Bits):
- Choose the right category from the selection list, in this case 'Bytes / Bits'.
- Next enter the value you want to convert. The basic operations of arithmetic: addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (*, x), division (/, :, ÷), exponent (^), square root (√), brackets and π (pi) are all permitted at this point.
- From the selection list, choose the unit that corresponds to the value you want to convert, in this case 'Petabyte SI'.
- Finally choose the unit you want the value to be converted to, in this case 'Bit'.
- Then, when the result appears, there is still the possibility of rounding it to a specific number of decimal places, whenever it makes sense to do so.
With this calculator, it is possible to enter the value to be converted together with the original measurement unit; for example, '969 Petabyte SI'. In so doing, either the full name of the unit or its abbreviation can be used. Then, the calculator determines the category of the measurement unit of measure that is to be converted, in this case 'Bytes / Bits'. After that, it converts the entered value into all of the appropriate units known to it. In the resulting list, you will be sure also to find the conversion you originally sought. Alternatively, the value to be converted can be entered as follows: '69 Petabyte SI to Bit' or '41 Petabyte SI into Bit' or '4 Petabyte SI -> Bit' or '38 Petabyte SI = Bit'. For this alternative, the calculator also figures out immediately into which unit the original value is specifically to be converted. Regardless which of these possibilities one uses, it saves one the cumbersome search for the appropriate listing in long selection lists with myriad categories and countless supported units. All of that is taken over for us by the calculator and it gets the job done in a fraction of a second.
Furthermore, the calculator makes it possible to use mathematical expressions. As a result, not only can numbers be reckoned with one another, such as, for example, '(47 * 81) Petabyte SI'. But different units of measurement can also be coupled with one another directly in the conversion. That could, for example, look like this: '78 Petabyte SI + 13 Bit' or '16mm x 50cm x 84dm = ? cm^3'. The units of measure combined in this way naturally have to fit together and make sense in the combination in question.
The mathematical functions sin, cos, tan and sqrt can also be used. Example: sin(π/2), cos(pi/2), tan(90°), sin(90) or sqrt(4).
If a check mark has been placed next to 'Numbers in scientific notation', the answer will appear as an exponential. For example, 9.167 407 323 984 ×1021. For this form of presentation, the number will be segmented into an exponent, here 21, and the actual number, here 9.167 407 323 984. For devices on which the possibilities for displaying numbers are limited, such as for example, pocket calculators, one also finds the way of writing numbers as 9.167 407 323 984 E+21. In particular, this makes very large and very small numbers easier to read. If a check mark has not been placed at this spot, then the result is given in the customary way of writing numbers. For the above example, it would then look like this: 9 167 407 323 984 000 000 000. Independent of the presentation of the results, the maximum precision of this calculator is 14 places. That should be precise enough for most applications.


text:
Thank you so much for your time today. I appreciate it immensely.
Send the best thank you wishes to your loved one and create your very own personalized greeting card with one of our free printable greeting card design templates. All you need to do is choose a thank you wish greeting card template from our categorized library below, print it out, fold it in half and write your greeting inside. It couldn't be easier to make your loved one happy with a personalized greeting card printed on your choice of premium paper! Choose your favorite template and make your own thank you wish personalized greeting card!


text:
This warning banner provides privacy and security notices consistent with applicable federal laws, directives, and other federal guidance for accessing this Government system, which includes (1) this computer network, (2) all computers connected to this network, and (3) all devices and storage media attached to this network or to a computer on this network.
This system is provided for Government-authorized use only.
Unauthorized or improper use of this system is prohibited and may result in disciplinary action and/or civil and criminal penalties.
Personal use of social media and networking sites on this system is limited as to not interfere with official work duties and is subject to monitoring.
By using this system, you understand and consent to the following:
The Government may monitor, record, and audit your system usage, including usage of personal devices and email systems for official duties or to conduct HHS business. Therefore, you have no reasonable expectation of privacy regarding any communication or data transiting or stored on this system. At any time, and for any lawful Government purpose, the government may monitor, intercept, and search and seize any communication or data transiting or stored on this system.
Any communication or data transiting or stored on this system may be disclosed or used for any lawful Government purpose.