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Seattleites, tune in to Table Talk Radio KKNW 1150 AM today from 8-9am when I'll be talking about Washington wine.
The story of Proper Wines – a new winery in the Walla Walla Valley – is one of the continuing evolution of the Washington wine industry as more and more people from outside the area take an interest in what's going inside of the state.
Our story begins in 2005 in Colorado Springs when two 20-somethings, David Houle and Conor McCluskey, spent each of their Wednesday nights in the same fashion – eating take out Chinese food and brainstorming ideas for small businesses.
"This was back before we started having kids so we had some extra money and some extra time," Houle says with a chuckle.
They came up with two ideas they thought had merit. The first was an e-mail marketing company that McCluskey subsequently started. The second was purchasing a piece of property in Walla Walla Valley and planting a vineyard. "Our intent was just to invest in a piece of land and make some money doing it," Houle says.
Walla Walla Valley had become interesting to Houle and McCluskey after wine touring in the area with friends and talking with some of the founders of Waters Winery, who also had Colorado Springs roots. They were particularly interested in purchasing a piece of land in the Rocks region of the valley.
"We saw the potential in the Rocks with what Cayuse is doing. We love, love, love Cayuse's wines," Houle says.
In 2006, the duo came across what seemed like a perfect site – an eight-acre cherry orchard in the Rocks just north of Seven Hills. They purchased the site and also expanded their group of investors to include fellow Colorado Springs friends Kevin Dibble, Billy Adams, and David Kunstle. They contracted with Frank Jimenez, then working at Seven Hills, now with his own company Bella Fortuna Vineyard Services, to plant four acres of Syrah in 2007.
In 2009 the group received their first crop off the vineyard, selling most of the fruit but keeping a ton back to make a little wine. And then a funny thing happened. What was going to be an investment suddenly turned into a passion project.
"We loved the 2009 wine," Houle says. "We decided, hey let's go all in on this and make the best dang Syrah we can make off of that vineyard."
To make their wine, the group hired Sean Boyd of Rotie Cellars. They had met Boyd during their visits to Waters Winery when he was working as an assistant there.
"He's probably our favorite person in the valley," Houle says. "We love his wines, love the fact that he's a purist. Stylistically what we're looking for is very minimalistic winemaking. We wanted a winemaker who is going to just let the vineyard speak for itself which is why we're working with Sean."
They decided to name the winery Proper Wines. "When something is done proper, it pays homage to its roots and its done in a style where it was originally done," Houle explains. "We want to make terroir driven, single vineyard, single wine syrah that pays homage to how they do it in the Rhone valley."
Proper Wines produced approximately 450 cases of its 2010 Syrah with Boyd making the wine at Artifex, a custom crush facility in Walla Walla. Houle says he doesn't envision the winery growing much larger, although two and a half additional acres at the vineyard are plantable.
The inaugural release from Proper Wines is an attention getter and is easily one of the best wines I've had from a new winery this year. It starts with what's outside the bottle and ends with what's in it. The label is unique – less than a third the size of a standard label – with Proper written horizontally. A picture of a stone takes the place of the 'O' in Proper.
The wine itself is unmistakably from the Rocks from first sniff to last sip with earth, ash, orange peel, funk, and mineral notes. It comes in at a cool 13.7% alcohol and saw limited amounts of new oak. Considering the age of the vines and the challenge of the vintage, the quality is remarkably high. With wineries that have recently planted in the Rocks offering wines at upwards of twice the price, this wine is a steal at $36.
Houle, whose day job is running a wealth management firm in Colorado Springs, says he's enjoyed getting involved in the wine industry. "For me, it's been a big learning experience. We're lucky enough to partner with Sean and Frank, so we can just have fun and learn along the way."
The real fun, Houle says, will be seeing how the site evolves. "We want to showcase the evolution of the terroir on that particular estate property and see what happens over the next ten, twenty, thirty years." It should be fun to watch.
Proper Wines makes 500 cases of wine annually.
Proper Wines Syrah Walla Walla Valley 2010 $36
(Excellent/Exceptional) An aromatically complex wine that pops with an almost endless list of aromas including orange peel, earth, olive brine, smoked meat, earthy funk, ash and chocolate. This is a wine you can just sit and smell with total satisfaction. The palate is restrained and understated but perfumed with orange peel, earth, and savory flavors leading to an extended, peppery, savory finish. Brings a real sense of the freshness of the 2010 vintage and a distinct sense of place. Among the more exciting wineries to enter the stage this year and a complete steal at this price. 100% Syrah. Aged 16 months in 20% new French oak. 13.7% alcohol. Approximately 450 cases produced. Sample provided by winery.
Rating System
Please note, my rating system was revised at the beginning of 2012 as follows. Read additional details here.
(Not recommended/Flawed)
Readers, please note that Blogger, where this site is hosted, has upgraded to a new version which has significant bugs and formatting issues. There are, at present, no work arounds, so you may see significant formatting errors within the posts.


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Previous Lesson
Complete and Continue
Master Excel Power Query - Beginner to Pro
Section 1: Introduction
Applications of Power Query (5:55)
⚙How to Use the Platform for Best Learning Experience
❗Important: Excel Versions, Expectations & Course Pathways (2:36)
(For older Excel versions) Workaround for Loading as Pivot Table
🔻DOWNLOAD ALL Files & How to Use Them
✍ Quick Check-in
🔍 Looking for a Specific Topic? Use the Transporter!
What You Can Achieve by the End (2:03)
What is a Proper Data Set? (4:15)
(In case you need to) Links to Brush up Your Excel
Section 3: The Power of Power Query
Analyze Large Data Quickly! Pivot Table or Power Query? (5:41)
Power Query Overview: Import Large Data from Another File (12:14)
Power Query Editor & Basic Transformation (9:43)
Quick Insights on Data Quality & Distribution (Hidden Feature) (6:04)
Formula Bar, Applied Steps & M Code (6:58)
Close & Load Destinations (How to Change Them) (5:50)
Refresh Data & PQ Refresh Options (4:21)
Import CSV File & Extract Text Based on Pattern (7:18)
Merge Data with Another File (Pivot Table from Multiple Files) (7:56)
Old School Method: What if There Was NO Power Query? (4:14)
Activity: Get Familiar with PQ
Section 4: Important Power Query Tips & Tricks
Uploading Data From Excel (8:17)
The Hidden Table Method (Hidden Feature) (4:23)
Handling Changes to Source (10:14)
Data Types (2:39)
Data Types vs. Formatting & Null Values (4:21)
Power Query Navigation Shortcuts (Become Pro) (3:49)
Finding & Correcting Errors in Data (5:01)
More Data Views: Duplicate OR Reference Query? (6:22)
Keeping an Eye on Query Dependencies (1:41)
Delete, Manage, Copy Queries & Backup Results (Become Pro) (4:04)
💪 CHALLENGE - Find and Correct the Mistake
🤔 QUIZ - Power Query Tips & Tricks
Best Practice for Power Query (4:54)
Section 5: Helpful Power Query Transformations
Text Transformations (Format, Extract & more) (9:18)
Merging Columns & What to Watch Out For (4:52)
Fill & Replace Values to Create Proper Datasets (7:35)
Sort Data including Multiple Levels (3:30)
Remove Duplicates including Multiple Columns (4:08)
Number Transformations & What to Watch Out For (8:48)
Working with Filter (AND & OR Conditions) (6:36)
💪 CHALLENGE - Can you Find the Mistake? Problem with Filter (Become Pro) (4:16)
Change Type & Remove Columns Trap (Become Pro) (7:19)
📝 Key Takeaways - Helpful Power Query Transformations
🆕 Enjoying the Course so far? Refer a friend and get 30% off your next XelPlus purchase!
Section 6: Powerful Power Query Transformations
Column From Examples - Extract Patterns Quickly (9:40)
Allocate Data to Groups or Buckets (Become Pro) (5:33)
Conditional Columns in Power Query (5:28)
Aggregating (Grouping) Data on Multiple Levels (6:05)
Group By for All Rows (Become Pro) (6:59)
Unpivot Columns - Basics (6:20)
Unpivot & How to Overcome Common Errors (Become Pro) (6:43)
Pivot Columns - Basics (5:50)
Problem with Split by Delimiter (that's easy to miss) (5:38)
Split Column by Rows instead of Columns (Become Pro) (4:54)
💪 CHALLENGE - Summarize Sales By State
Solution: Summarize Sales By State (Bonus Map Chart Included) (7:59)
Section 7: Date & Time Transformations
Date Transformations (Extract Age, Weekday etc.) (7:05)
Creating Dates from Text or Columns (Become Pro) (5:14)
Time Transformations (Calculating Hours worked) (8:36)
Date & Number Errors When Importing Data (Locale) (6:27)
💪 CHALLENGE - Pivot Table for Hours Worked by Month & Week Number
Solution: Pivot Table for Hours Worked by Month & Week Number (8:18)
🤔 QUIZ - Date & Time Transformations
Section 8: Custom Column & Basic M Manipulation
Important Basic Power Query M Logic (6:26)
Why Use Custom Columns (3:38)
Introduction to "Add Custom Column" (6:05)
Custom Columns Type Compatibility & Intrinsic Functions (5:13)
Skipping Steps in Power Query (Become Pro) (4:54)
Adjusting FILTER & Conditional Columns to Reference a Dynamic Variable (5:30)
Drill-Down in Power Query (3:52)
Custom Formulas for Template Creation (Hidden Tip) (5:42)
🤔 QUIZ - Custom Columns and Basic M
📝 Key Takeaways - M Basics
🦸 How to Go From Good to GREAT!
Section 9: Power Query Online Data Sources (Online)
Connecting to different Sources (1:54)
Import Data from a Website (9:51)
Automatically Connect to Files on Websites (Hidden Feature) (6:55)
Import Data from PDF (multiple & bulk import)
Import Data from ODATA (3:13)
Get Google Sheet Data with Power Query (4:22)
Connect to Outlook Online (Microsoft Exchange) (4:00)
Connect to SharePoint or OneDrive for Business (2:31)
Pro Tip: How to Change Source from Local to SharePoint (4:02)
💪 CHALLENGE - Google Sheets Survey "Your Dinner Plans" (2:55)
🎁 BONUS FREE LIBRARY & NEW Custom Data Types (10:16)
Section 10: Combining / Appending Data
Why Append Data? The Difference Between Merge & Append (2:30)
Combine / Append Data from Multiple Workbooks (10:57)
Combine All Files in a Folder (with Excel Tables) (11:27)
Combine All Files in a Folder (Without Excel Tables) (8:40)
How to Adjust Folder Path from Local to SharePoint Drive (5:18)
Combine All Sheets in a File (Pivot Table from Multiple Sheets) (7:26)
Overcome Potential Errors when Combining Sheets (Become Pro) (7:10)
Consolidate Data from Multiple Sheets in the Current Workbook (7:57)
💪 CHALLENGE - Consolidate Data from Folder (with a twist)
Solution: Consolidate Data from Folder (with a twist) (8:12)
📝 Tips & Key Takeaways When Appending in Power Query
Section 11: PROJECT - Report on HR Data
Test Your PQ Knowledge by Completing This Project (4:15)
Calculate Years Worked in Each Position (8:06)
Calculate Years Worked in the Company (2:12)
Split First, Last & Middle Names to Separate Columns (5:20)
📝 Key Takeaways - Data Analysis & Preparation with Power Query
Section 12: Merge Options - Join Kind Options Explained
Overview of Merge Options and Join Kinds (6:19)
Left Outer Join & Right Outer Join (10:40)
Merge Based on Multiple Columns (Become Pro) (4:31)
Can You Find the Mistake? Merging Text Columns (4:47)
Merge Data to Get Multiple Match Results & Bonus Tip (6:10)
Inner & Full Join in Power Query (5:08)
Left & Right Anti Join when Merging in Power Query (2:53)
How to Use Fuzzy Match in Power Query (7:03)
Fuzzy Match with Transformation Table (Hidden Feature) (6:24)
💪 CHALLENGE - Someone Hacked the Salary File - Find Mismatches in Data
Solution: Someone Hacked the Salary File - Find Mismatches in Data (7:53)
📝 Key Takeaways - Power Query Merge Kinds
Section 13: When to Use Power Pivot & Load to Data Model
When to Load Data to the Data Model (5:27)
Availability of Power Pivot
Pivot Table from Multiple Excel Tables (10:42)
Power Pivot Table with Data Model & Power Query (8:33)
Create a Calendar Table in Power Pivot (5:00)
Pivot Slicers & TimeLine with Power Pivot & Power Query (Become Pro) (6:00)
📝 Key Takeaways - Data Model & Power Query
Master Power Pivot & DAX
What You Can Achieve as an Advanced Power Query User (2:03)
🛣 You've Come So Far!
Section 15: Solving Complex Data Analysis Problems with Merge
Learning Objectives for this Section
Messy Data from Multiple Rows to One Row (Create Proper Data Set) (5:13)
Search and Replace Bulk Values (6:43)
Calculate Value Difference to Previous Row (7:00)
Approximate Match Lookup with Merge (9:01)
💪 CHALLENGE: Create a Report based on Multiple Parameters
Solution: Create a Report based on Multiple Parameters (7:31)
Section 16: Advanced Problem Solving using the Power Query Interface
Learning Objectives for this Section
Assign Unique Number to Group (6:13)
Advanced Unpivot Techniques (11:47)
Advanced Pivot Techniques (9:27)
Incremental Data Load & Self Referencing Query (Hidden Tip) (8:02)
📝 Key Takeaways: Advanced Problem Solving
Section 17: PROJECT: Create a Modern Excel Dashboard with Power Query & Pivot Tables
Excel Dashboard Project Overview (2:47)
Prepare a Draft of the Dashboard (3:47)
Import Master data from External Workbook with Power Query (5:33)
Import Data from Text File with Power Query (4:27)
Create the Data Model & Define Relationships in Power Pivot (3:08)
Create Logic for Latest and Previous Month in Power Query (7:42)
Setup Calculations with Pivot Tables for Latest Month (3:53)
Link Excel Shapes to Data & Linked Picture Trick (9:26)
Top 3 Sales Managers & Numbers (Sorted Excel Pivot Table) (5:08)
Linked Table for Sales by Product Category (8:23)
Excel Pivot Chart for Monthly Sales (6:05)
Pivot Slicer Connected to Multiple Pivot Tables (12:14)
Finalize the Excel Dashboard (5:43)
📝 Key Takeaways: Excel Dashboard Project
Section 18: Understanding M Formula Language (Let, Lists, Records & Improving Performance)
M Language - How M Thinks (let Expression & Values) (14:51)
Defining & Invoking Custom M Functions (12:31)
Reference Guide for Standard M Functions (7:56)
Lists & Records and how to Reference a Specific Cell in a Table (8:46)
Summarizing Brackets & Lookup Operators in M code (4:30)
Creating Lists and Tables inside Power Query (9:33)
Understand Each Keyword & the Purpose of _ (underscore) (5:43)
Using Power Query Parameters (9:21)
IF Then & Lookup Operators to Lookup Values in Previous Row (7:24)
Error Handling - Bulk Replace Lookup with Try Otherwise (7:46)
Speed up Queries: Table.Buffer & How to Test Impact (Hidden Tip) (8:07)
Query Folding - Improve Performance for Relational Databases (5:23)
🤔 QUIZ: Test Your Knowledge - Understanding M
📝 Key Takeaways & Power Query M Formula Language Specifications
Section 19: Working With List & Table Functions
What You Learn in this Section
Create a Calendar Table From Start to End Date (10:18)
Power Query Text Functions (Text.Contains, Text.Replace) (11:49)
How to Use List Functions in Custom Column (10:21)
Merge Values from Rows into One Cell (6:08)
Section 20: Creating & Invoking Custom Functions
What You Learn in this Section
Unpivot & Consolidate Data From Multiple Sheets (with Custom Function) (11:03)
Rank by Group (Nested Rank) with Power Query (5:13)
Running totals by Month (Invoking functions) (10:15)
🛣 How Far You've Come!
Section 21: Flexible Importing of Data with the Help of Functions
What You Learn in this Section
Better Collaboration: File Path as Parameter in Power Query (7:58)
Better Collaboration: File Path from a Cell (Formula.Firewall Error) (9:28)
Import from Folder: Mixed Letter Case Headers & Trailing Spaces (9:03)
Import All Sheets BUT Data Starts from Different Rows (6:13)
💪 CHALLENGE: Combine Sheets & Get Name from Cell Value
Solution: Combine Sheets & Get Name from Cell Value (13:23)
Section 22: PROJECT - Power Query and Power BI
Project Overview of Power BI Dashboard (2:31)
Install Power BI Desktop & Quick Overview (4:47)
Upload & Transform Data with Power Query in Power BI (8:49)
Setup Data Model & Create Relationships in Power BI (3:27)
Create Your Dashboard & Reports within Minutes (9:54)
Publish Dashboard to Power BI Service (5:26)
📝 Next Steps to Learn Power BI
🎁 YOUR BONUS! Reference & Solution Books.
🔻DOWNLOAD Your 2 Complete eBooks
🎁 Power Query Pro Techniques
Introduction to Pro Techniques
🔻Download Pro Files
Pro 1⃣ : More Advanced Trouble-Shooting with Power Query
Validation Report to Flag Errors (12:22)
Pivot Rows to Multiple Columns Based on Logic (8:07)
Split Column by Multiple Delimiters (Any Delimiter) (10:07)
Keep & Reorder Specified Columns (6:01)
Dynamically Rename Columns Based on List (7:46)
Append Data with a Header Mapping Table (14:54)
Pro 2⃣ : Pro Function - List.Accumulate
List.Accumulate & What it Can Do (4:15)
List. Accumulate Logic Explained (11:06)
Rank by Number of Matches (List.Accumulate) (9:51)
Replace Multiple Words (List of Records) (11:50)
Replace Multiple Words (List of Lists) (4:51)
💪 Challenge with List.Accumulate - Append Data with Header Mapping Table (11:37)
Section 23: Final Words
🎆 Wrapping up & What's Next (2:12)
🛣 What You've Achieved!
✍ Leave a Review
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🏅 Share Your Digital Certificate (0:40)
💪 CHALLENGE - Pivot Table for Hours Worked by Month & Week Number
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Wal-Mart is throwing its hat in the gourmet food ring just in time for the holidays this year. Wednesday, the megastore company launched a monthly food subscription service that sends customers a sampling of novel food products each month.
Here's how the service, called Goodies, works: For $7, customers sign up to receive six to eight food products "ranging from healthy and organic to artisan and ethnic." November's theme is "Easy Entertaining," and the box includes pumpkin pie spice tea, dark quinoa chocolate bars, Biscoff smooth spread, cheddar popcorn, flourless chocolate souffle mix, nuts and wine cookies.
All signs suggest the service, which comes out of the WalmartLabs research division, is an attempt to attract adventurous foodies who typically snub the retailer. "With Goodies Co., subscribers have the pleasure of opening a box filled with delicious treats every month that they like or may never have tried before," Ravi Raj, WalmartLabs' vice president of products, said in a statement.
Several startups have paved the way with such "discovery commerce" strategies — like Birchbox, a beauty product startup that sends subscribers a box of sample-size beauty products each month. Tech Crunch notes that Wal-Mart may steal the spotlight in the food sector with its cheaper service — most other food service startups charge between $10 and $27 for boxes of eight to 13 gourmet or health food items.
Wal-Mart also hopes Goodies clientele will get busy chatting about the products online. "The whole social aspect of this is critical," Raj told Fast Company. "This is a two-way dialogue. It isn't about us sending products and you just getting and eating them."
The program has been in trial mode for the past three months, and some of the 3,000 volunteers have already started the food conversation with product reviews and ratings on the Goodies site. It's a source of retail data for the food companies and may also determine whether their product ends up on a Wal-Mart shelf in the near future.
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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These giant cookies are a hit with both kids and adults.
Before I became a farmgirl in rural Missouri, I was (among other things) a graphic designer in urban Nortnern California. I had a collection of Rapidograph pens and subscribed to magazines with names like Communication Arts and Print. Now I collect pitchforks and rocks and read Progressive Farmer and the quarterly bulletins put out by the USDA.
I've also forgotten nearly everything I once knew about photo screens, acetate overlays, paste-up boards, and type indication (just coming up with this list was a challenge), but fortunately all that stuff is pretty much obsolete anyway. So much for my college education.
One thing I do remember after all these years is an article where a bunch of designers was asked what they thought was the most well designed food, and somebody said bananas. Yes! Bananas come with their own handy packaging so they transport well and you don't have to worry about washing them before eating—which you can easily do one-handed. And, unlike oranges, they aren't messy and therefore don't require a napkin.
Bananas also happen to be one of the World's Healthiest Foods, and are packed with vitamin B6, vitamin C, manganese, and fiber. According to the WHFoods website, they're one of our best sources of potassium—an essential mineral for maintaining normal blood pressure and heart function—and can help do everything from build better bones to protect your eyesight. They also happen to be inexpensive, plentiful, and delicious.
Carrying around a healthy, protected snack is all well and good, but everybody knows the best way to enjoy a banana is after it's been baked into something like muffins or cookies or cake. The key to baking with bananas is to let them get really, really ripe — more ripe than you've probably had the nerve to let your bananas get.
I don't mean yellow with a few dark spots; I'm talking blackened skins with insides that have turned to mush. A little mold on the outside is even okay. Sure they look disgusting, but you won't believe the amazingly sweet banana flavor they'll give your baked goods. And guess what? Research conducted at the University of Innsbruck in Austria suggests that as fruits fully ripen, "almost to the point of spoilage," their antioxidant levels actually increase!
Organic bananas can now be found in many supermarkets, and they usually don't cost much more than the conventional ones. I find that organic bananas taste better, and of course they're better for your health, farm workers' health, and the environment.
Organic advocate and cookbook author Jeff Cox recently published a fascinating article called "How Organic Are Organic Bananas?" on Organic To Be, a wonderful group food blog created by Dave Smith, author of To Be of Use - The Seven Seeds of Meaningful Work, cofounder of garden tool company Smith & Hawken, and all around very cool guy. Here's a brief yet frightening excerpt:
After harvest, bunches of conventional bananas are floated in tanks of sodium hydrochlorate solution to dissolve the drips of latex sap that can discolor the fruit. Experiments have shown that fungicide-treated bananas can develop off-flavors. Yet "hands" of bananas (the small bunches we see in markets) are conventionally treated with fungicides by being placed in polyethylene bags with blocks of vermiculite treated with potassium permanganate to absorb the ethylene ripening gas that bananas give off. This allows the bananas to be stored and shipped over a month's time before they start ripening.
And that's just what happens after they leave the soil-destroying, chemical laden, disease- and fungus-ridden plantations. Yet according to Cox, when bananas are under organic cultivation "the soil improves in health, amount of soil life, availability of nutrients, resistance to soil pests and diseases, and its ability to produce extra high quality bananas and plantains." Seems like a no-brainer to me.
Unfortunately locally grown bananas aren't an option for most of us, but if you choose to buy imported bananas, the organic ones are well worth seeking out. When you find some, buy an extra bunch to ripen on the counter (if you put them in the fridge they'll make everything else in there taste like bananas) and when they start to look really scary, whip up a batch of these flavorful, cake-like cookies.
Say it with me now: Yip Yap Banana Snaps!
Susan's Yip Yap Organic Banana Snaps for People
Makes about 30 very large cookies (which freeze beautifully)
Last fall I was thrilled to see that Tania had started posting again on her Canadian food blog, The Candied Quince. One of the first recipes she put up was for Yip Yap Banana Snaps dog treats in honor of her little dog's third birthday, admitting she chose them because she liked saying the name. The name hooked me, too, and I immediately decided I needed to make some for my own dogs.
But then I saw the recipe for Garrett's Grandma Capune's Banana Cookies on Vanilla Garlic, and making treats for people quickly won out over making treats for dogs (I know, I know, animal abuse). The name Yip Yap Banana Snaps, however, stuck. In fact I couldn't stop saying it.
One night I crawled back into bed after getting up for a drink of water and excitedly announced to an only slightly coherent Joe, "I don't want to build a bread bakery anymore. I think we should sell Yip Yap Banana Snaps instead!"
"Go. To. SLEEP."
I pretty much followed Grandma Capune's recipe the first time I made these, then I doubled the recipe so I could make my signature giant size cookies and started making various other changes, including adding a little vanilla, swapping out half of the all-purpose flour for white whole wheat flour, and using a mixture of white and brown sugars instead of just white. They aren't health food, but they aren't terrible for you either.
You can make these cookies with raisins or chocolate chips and/or nuts or with nothing but the spices. Joe loves the raisin version; I like them with mini chocolate chips the best. As always I urge you to use local and organic ingredients whenever you can.
1 cup organic butter, softened
1 cup granulated sugar
1 cup light brown sugar
2 real farm eggs
1 teaspoon vanilla
2¼ cups mashed very, very ripe organic bananas
2 teaspoons baking soda
2 cups organic all-purpose flour
2 cups organic white whole wheat flour
1 teaspoon cinnamon
1 teaspoon nutmeg (a little less if freshly ground, which I recommend)
1/2 teaspoon ground cloves
1 teaspoon salt
Optional additions (I usually split the batter in half and make two kinds):
2 cups raisins or 2 cups chocolate chips (per whole batch)
2 cup chopped walnuts or pecans (per whole batch)
Heat the oven to 350F. Using an electric mixer (I use a hand-held mixer), cream the butter and sugars in a large bowl until light and fluffy, about 1 to 2 minutes. Add the eggs and beat until well combined. Beat in the vanilla.
Combine the baking soda and mashed bananas in a small bowl and let sit for 2 minutes to froth a bit. According to Grandma Capune and Garrett, the baking soda reacts with the acid in the bananas to give the cookies their lift and rise.
Mix the bananas into the butter mixture, then add the flours, cinnamon, nutmeg, cloves, and salt and mix on low speed just until combined. The batter will be more like a thick cake batter than traditional cookie dough.
Stir in the raisins, chocolate chips, and/or nuts. Use a 1/4-cup scoop or 1/4-cup measure to drop cookies onto a heavy duty baking sheet lined with unbleached parchment paper. I can fit 6 cookies on one half-size commercial rimmed sheet pan.
(I highly recommend investing in a couple of heavy duty commercial rimmed baking sheets. At less than $14 each, they're one of the best kitchen deals around. Treat them well and they'll last for ages. I've been using the heck out of some of mine for 20 years for everything from baking scones to roasting Brussels sprouts.)


text:
Dishwasher Lower Rack Kit 8 Pack
Product Overview
Owner Support
Manuals & Downloads
Service & Parts
Schedule a service appointment online or find replacement parts for your appliance.
My Account
Get instant access to info about your appliances when you sign up for an account and register your appliances.
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text:
Internal Area
230 Sq Mt
External Area
10 Sq Mt
Total Size
240 Sq Mt
Barbara Elekes
Send MessageLaunched on the Maltese islands in 2013, Malta Sotheby's International Realty had one clear vision and goal in mind – to offer our clients the highest level of commitment and quality of service in the high-end residential and commercial real estate market throughout the Maltese Islands. We derive our success from local expertise, professionalism, commitment, and discretion to meet any client's needs. We understand the importance of finding a home that not only suits your needs but suits your vision for the future – a place that facilitates comfort, creativity and familiarity. We realise that a home is much more than a place to live - it is a sanctuary from where we build families and dreams. Our real estate professionals will guide you towards finding your ideal home throughout the entire buying and selling process. The culture of Malta SIR is defined by our knowledgable and dedicated diverse team which spans over multiple nationalities, whether you are a vendor or a buyer we speak your language.
The listing information set forth on this site is based upon information which we consider reliable, but because it has been supplied by third parties to our franchisees (who in turn supplied it to us) , we cannot represent that it is accurate or complete, and it should not be relied upon as such. The offerings are subject to errors, omissions, changes, including price, or withdrawal without notice. All dimensions are approximate and have not been verified by the selling party and cannot be verified by Sotheby's International Realty Affiliates LLC. It is recommended that you hire a professional in the business of determining dimensions, such as an appraiser, architect or civil engineer, to determine such information.طراحی سایت


text:
At The Flooring Installers, we understand how important resin flooring can be. Offering a huge range of floor types in Hill of Mountblairy, we aim to provide rein flooring solutions for any environment.
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We cover Hill of Mountblairy (Aberdeenshire)


text:
Allopurinol is an arthrifuge which inhibits xanthine oxidase and prevents formation of uric acid, from xanthine and hypoxanthine. Active Ingredient: allopurinol Availability: In Stock (25 packages) View all Analogs of Allopurinol: Zyloprim |
Product name | Per Pill | Savings | Per Pack | Order |
30 pills | $1.11 | $33.36 | ADD TO CART | |
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Product Description
Common use
Allopurinol is an arthrifuge which inhibits xanthine oxidase and prevents formation of uric acid, from xanthine and hypoxanthine. Reduces the concentration of uric acid and its salts in body fluids, promotes the dissolution of existing urate deposits and prevents their formation in tissues and kidneys. The medication is used to treat diseases accompanied by hyperuricemia: gout (primary and secondary), nephrolithiasis (forming of kidney stones from urates); hyperuricemia (abnormally high level of uric acid in blood, both primary and secondary), which results in diseases involving enhanced dissolution of nucleoproteins and elevated levels of uric acid in the blood, including at various forms of leukemias, and also for treatment of some other conditions.
Dosage and direction
The dose of 100-800 mg a day may be prescribed depending on the condition. Initial dose of 100 mg can be increased gradually. Patients with acute gout and tophi (uric acid crystals in the tissues mostly around joints) should be treated with 300-400 mg of Allopuionol daily. Doses over 300 mg should be divided in two or more intakes. Take medication with food to avoid irritation of the stomach. Do not take large doses of vitamin C. Drink plenty of water to avoid formation of kidney stones. Limit consummation of alcoholic beverages and purine-rich foods such as sweetbreads, sardines, anchovies, kidneys, liver, and lentils.
Allopurinol should be taken over a period of several months so your symptoms start to reduce. Regular intake is important even if no immediate effect is noticed. You may experience acute attacks of gout more often at the beginning of treatment with Allopurinol even after normal uric acid levels are reached. The attacks will become shorter and less acute as the therapy continues. At any sign of allergic reaction stop taking the medication and consult your doctor as development of serious skin disease, irreversible damage to the liver, or generalized inflammation of a blood or lymph vessel is possible in some individuals. Inform your doctor if you have diabetes or kidney dysfunction before taking Allopurinol as correction of your dose is needed.
Allopurinol cannot be used in patients with hypersensitivity to the medication, in individuals with a hepatic or renal disorders, primary hemochromatosis, asymptomatic hyperuricemia, acute gout, pregnancy, lactation. The medication cannot be prescribed to children under 14 years of age unless the patients are treated for leukemia, malignant tumors and enzymatic disorders. C care. Renal failure, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, hypertension.
Possible side effect
The most common adverse reactions are diarrhea, nausea, allergy (rash, itching), and drowsiness. Stop taking the medication at first signs of rash, painful or bloody urination, eye irritation, or facial swelling, because these can be signs of a severe allergic reaction requiring immediate treatment. In rare cases Allopurinol can cause damage to nerve, kidney, and bone marrow as well as be a reason to a serious and even fatal allergic liver toxicity. In patients with liver toxicity appetite loss and itching may witness about it. The risk increases in patients with kidney impairment.
Drug interaction
The dose of oral mercaptopurine (Purinethol) and azathioprine (Imuran) should be reduced as Allopurinol increases their blood levels. Risk of skin rash increases in patients taking Allopurinol with penicillins.
Missed dose
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember unless it is almost time of your next dose. If it is almost time of your next dose just skip it and return to your regular scheme. Do not exceed the recommended dose.
In case of suspected overdose seek for immediate medical attention. No specific information is available about Allopurinol overdose.
Store at room temperature, below 25 C (77 F) and out of reach and children and pets.
We provide only general information about medications which does not cover all directions, possible drug integrations, or precautions. Information on the site cannot be used for self-treatment and self-diagnosis.All specific instructions for a particular patient should be agreed with your health care adviser or doctor in charge of the case. We disclaim reliability of this information and mistakes it could contain. We are not responsible for any direct, indirect, special or other indirect damage as a result of any use of the information on this site and also for consequences of self-treatment.


text:
perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
Do you want to:
- Use C from Perl?
Read perlxstut, perlxs, perlclib, h2xs, perlguts, and perlapi.
- Use a Unix program from Perl?
Read about back-quotes and about
in perlfunc. - Use Perl from Perl?
Read about "do" in perlfunc and "eval" in perlfunc and "require" in perlfunc and "use" in perlfunc.
- Use C from C?
Rethink your design.
- Use Perl from C?
Read on...
Compiling your C program
Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
Maintaining a persistent interpreter
Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C program
Embedding Perl under Win32
Compiling your C program
If you have trouble compiling the scripts in this documentation, you're not alone. The cardinal rule: COMPILE THE PROGRAMS IN EXACTLY THE SAME WAY THAT YOUR PERL WAS COMPILED. (Sorry for yelling.)
Also, every C program that uses Perl must link in the perl library. What's that, you ask? Perl is itself written in C; the perl library is the collection of compiled C programs that were used to create your perl executable (/usr/bin/perl or equivalent). (Corollary: you can't use Perl from your C program unless Perl has been compiled on your machine, or installed properly--that's why you shouldn't blithely copy Perl executables from machine to machine without also copying the lib directory.)
When you use Perl from C, your C program will--usually--allocate, "run", and deallocate a PerlInterpreter object, which is defined by the perl library.
If your copy of Perl is recent enough to contain this documentation (version 5.002 or later), then the perl library (and EXTERN.h and perl.h, which you'll also need) will reside in a directory that looks like this:
or perhaps just
or maybe something like
Execute this statement for a hint about where to find CORE:
perl -MConfig -e 'print $Config{archlib}'
Here's how you'd compile the example in the next section, "Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program", on my Linux box:
% gcc -O2 -Dbool=char -DHAS_BOOL -I/usr/local/include
-o interp interp.c -lperl -lm
(That's all one line.) On my DEC Alpha running old 5.003_05, the incantation is a bit different:
% cc -O2 -Olimit 2900 -I/usr/local/include
-L/usr/local/lib/perl5/alpha-dec_osf/5.00305/CORE -L/usr/local/lib
-D__LANGUAGE_C__ -D_NO_PROTO -o interp interp.c -lperl -lm
How can you figure out what to add? Assuming your Perl is post-5.001, execute a perl -V
command and pay special attention to the "cc" and "ccflags" information.
You'll have to choose the appropriate compiler (cc, gcc, et al.) for your machine: perl -MConfig -e 'print $Config{cc}'
will tell you what to use.
You'll also have to choose the appropriate library directory (/usr/local/lib/...) for your machine. If your compiler complains that certain functions are undefined, or that it can't locate -lperl, then you need to change the path following the -L
. If it complains that it can't find EXTERN.h and perl.h, you need to change the path following the -I
You may have to add extra libraries as well. Which ones? Perhaps those printed by
perl -MConfig -e 'print $Config{libs}'
Provided your perl binary was properly configured and installed the ExtUtils::Embed module will determine all of this information for you:
% cc -o interp interp.c `perl -MExtUtils::Embed -e ccopts -e ldopts`
If the ExtUtils::Embed module isn't part of your Perl distribution, you can retrieve it from https://metacpan.org/pod/ExtUtils::Embed (If this documentation came from your Perl distribution, then you're running 5.004 or better and you already have it.)
The ExtUtils::Embed kit on CPAN also contains all source code for the examples in this document, tests, additional examples and other information you may find useful.
Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
In a sense, perl (the C program) is a good example of embedding Perl (the language), so I'll demonstrate embedding with miniperlmain.c, included in the source distribution. Here's a bastardized, non-portable version of miniperlmain.c containing the essentials of embedding:
#include <EXTERN.h> /* from the Perl distribution */
#include <perl.h> /* from the Perl distribution */
static PerlInterpreter *my_perl; /*** The Perl interpreter ***/
int main(int argc, char **argv, char **env)
my_perl = perl_alloc();
PL_exit_flags |= PERL_EXIT_DESTRUCT_END;
perl_parse(my_perl, NULL, argc, argv, (char **)NULL);
Notice that we don't use the env
pointer. Normally handed to perl_parse
as its final argument, env
here is replaced by NULL
, which means that the current environment will be used.
The macros PERL_SYS_INIT3() and PERL_SYS_TERM() provide system-specific tune up of the C runtime environment necessary to run Perl interpreters; they should only be called once regardless of how many interpreters you create or destroy. Call PERL_SYS_INIT3() before you create your first interpreter, and PERL_SYS_TERM() after you free your last interpreter.
Since PERL_SYS_INIT3() may change env
, it may be more appropriate to provide env
as an argument to perl_parse().
Also notice that no matter what arguments you pass to perl_parse(), PERL_SYS_INIT3() must be invoked on the C main() argc, argv and env and only once.
Mind that argv[argc] must be NULL, same as those passed to a main function in C.
Now compile this program (I'll call it interp.c) into an executable:
% cc -o interp interp.c `perl -MExtUtils::Embed -e ccopts -e ldopts`
After a successful compilation, you'll be able to use interp just like perl itself:
% interp
print "Pretty Good Perl \n";
print "10890 - 9801 is ", 10890 - 9801;
Pretty Good Perl
10890 - 9801 is 1089
% interp -e 'printf("%x", 3735928559)'
You can also read and execute Perl statements from a file while in the midst of your C program, by placing the filename in argv[1] before calling perl_run.
Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
To call individual Perl subroutines, you can use any of the call_* functions documented in perlcall. In this example we'll use call_argv
That's shown below, in a program I'll call showtime.c.
#include <EXTERN.h>
#include <perl.h>
static PerlInterpreter *my_perl;
int main(int argc, char **argv, char **env)
char *args[] = { NULL };
my_perl = perl_alloc();
perl_parse(my_perl, NULL, argc, argv, NULL);
PL_exit_flags |= PERL_EXIT_DESTRUCT_END;
/*** skipping perl_run() ***/
call_argv("showtime", G_DISCARD | G_NOARGS, args);
where showtime is a Perl subroutine that takes no arguments (that's the G_NOARGS) and for which I'll ignore the return value (that's the G_DISCARD). Those flags, and others, are discussed in perlcall.
I'll define the showtime subroutine in a file called showtime.pl:
print "I shan't be printed.";
sub showtime {
print time;
Simple enough. Now compile and run:
% cc -o showtime showtime.c \
`perl -MExtUtils::Embed -e ccopts -e ldopts`
% showtime showtime.pl
yielding the number of seconds that elapsed between January 1, 1970 (the beginning of the Unix epoch), and the moment I began writing this sentence.
In this particular case we don't have to call perl_run, as we set the PL_exit_flag PERL_EXIT_DESTRUCT_END which executes END blocks in perl_destruct.
If you want to pass arguments to the Perl subroutine, you can add strings to the NULL
-terminated args
list passed to call_argv. For other data types, or to examine return values, you'll need to manipulate the Perl stack. That's demonstrated in "Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program".
Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
Perl provides two API functions to evaluate pieces of Perl code. These are "eval_sv" in perlapi and "eval_pv" in perlapi.
Arguably, these are the only routines you'll ever need to execute snippets of Perl code from within your C program. Your code can be as long as you wish; it can contain multiple statements; it can employ "use" in perlfunc, "require" in perlfunc, and "do" in perlfunc to include external Perl files.
eval_pv lets us evaluate individual Perl strings, and then extract variables for coercion into C types. The following program, string.c, executes three Perl strings, extracting an int
from the first, a float
from the second, and a char *
from the third.
#include <EXTERN.h>
#include <perl.h>
static PerlInterpreter *my_perl;
main (int argc, char **argv, char **env)
char *embedding[] = { "", "-e", "0", NULL };
my_perl = perl_alloc();
perl_construct( my_perl );
perl_parse(my_perl, NULL, 3, embedding, NULL);
PL_exit_flags |= PERL_EXIT_DESTRUCT_END;
/** Treat $x as an integer **/
eval_pv("$x = 3; $x **= 2", TRUE);
printf("x = %d\n", SvIV(get_sv("x", 0)));
/** Treat $x as a float **/
eval_pv("$x = 3.14; $x **= 2", TRUE);
printf("x = %f\n", SvNV(get_sv("x", 0)));
/** Treat $x as a string **/
"$x = 'rekcaH lreP rehtonA tsuJ'; $x = reverse($x);", TRUE);
printf("x = %s\n", SvPV_nolen(get_sv("x", 0)));
All of those strange functions with sv in their names help convert Perl scalars to C types. They're described in perlguts and perlapi.
If you compile and run string.c, you'll see the results of using SvIV() to create an int
, SvNV() to create a float
, and SvPV() to create a string:
a = 9
a = 9.859600
a = Just Another Perl Hacker
In the example above, we've created a global variable to temporarily store the computed value of our eval'ed expression. It is also possible and in most cases a better strategy to fetch the return value from eval_pv() instead. Example:
SV *val = eval_pv("reverse 'rekcaH lreP rehtonA tsuJ'", TRUE);
printf("%s\n", SvPV_nolen(val));
This way, we avoid namespace pollution by not creating global variables and we've simplified our code as well.
Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
The eval_sv() function lets us evaluate strings of Perl code, so we can define some functions that use it to "specialize" in matches and substitutions: match(), substitute(), and matches().
I32 match(SV *string, char *pattern);
Given a string and a pattern (e.g., m/clasp/
or /\b\w*\b/
, which in your C program might appear as "/\\b\\w*\\b/"), match() returns 1 if the string matches the pattern and 0 otherwise.
int substitute(SV **string, char *pattern);
Given a pointer to an SV
and an =~
operation (e.g., s/bob/robert/g
or tr[A-Z][a-z]
), substitute() modifies the string within the SV
as according to the operation, returning the number of substitutions made.
SSize_t matches(SV *string, char *pattern, AV **matches);
Given an SV
, a pattern, and a pointer to an empty AV
, matches() evaluates $string =~ $pattern
in a list context, and fills in matches with the array elements, returning the number of matches found.
Here's a sample program, match.c, that uses all three (long lines have been wrapped here):
#include <EXTERN.h>
#include <perl.h>
static PerlInterpreter *my_perl;
/** my_eval_sv(code, error_check)
** kinda like eval_sv(),
** but we pop the return value off the stack
SV* my_eval_sv(SV *sv, I32 croak_on_error)
SV* retval;
eval_sv(sv, G_SCALAR);
retval = POPs;
if (croak_on_error && SvTRUE(ERRSV))
return retval;
/** match(string, pattern)
** Used for matches in a scalar context.
** Returns 1 if the match was successful; 0 otherwise.
I32 match(SV *string, char *pattern)
SV *command = newSV(0), *retval;
sv_setpvf(command, "my $string = '%s'; $string =~ %s",
SvPV_nolen(string), pattern);
retval = my_eval_sv(command, TRUE);
return SvIV(retval);
/** substitute(string, pattern)
** Used for =~ operations that
** modify their left-hand side (s/// and tr///)
** Returns the number of successful matches, and
** modifies the input string if there were any.
I32 substitute(SV **string, char *pattern)
SV *command = newSV(0), *retval;
sv_setpvf(command, "$string = '%s'; ($string =~ %s)",
SvPV_nolen(*string), pattern);
retval = my_eval_sv(command, TRUE);
*string = get_sv("string", 0);
return SvIV(retval);
/** matches(string, pattern, matches)
** Used for matches in a list context.
** Returns the number of matches,
** and fills in **matches with the matching substrings
SSize_t matches(SV *string, char *pattern, AV **match_list)
SV *command = newSV(0);
SSize_t num_matches;
sv_setpvf(command, "my $string = '%s'; @array = ($string =~ %s)",
SvPV_nolen(string), pattern);
my_eval_sv(command, TRUE);
*match_list = get_av("array", 0);
num_matches = av_top_index(*match_list) + 1;
return num_matches;
main (int argc, char **argv, char **env)
char *embedding[] = { "", "-e", "0", NULL };
AV *match_list;
I32 num_matches, i;
SV *text;
my_perl = perl_alloc();
perl_parse(my_perl, NULL, 3, embedding, NULL);
PL_exit_flags |= PERL_EXIT_DESTRUCT_END;
text = newSV(0);
sv_setpv(text, "When he is at a convenience store and the "
"bill comes to some amount like 76 cents, Maynard is "
"aware that there is something he *should* do, something "
"that will enable him to get back a quarter, but he has "
"no idea *what*. He fumbles through his red squeezey "
"changepurse and gives the boy three extra pennies with "
"his dollar, hoping that he might luck into the correct "
"amount. The boy gives him back two of his own pennies "
"and then the big shiny quarter that is his prize. "
if (match(text, "m/quarter/")) /** Does text contain 'quarter'? **/
printf("match: Text contains the word 'quarter'.\n\n");
printf("match: Text doesn't contain the word 'quarter'.\n\n");
if (match(text, "m/eighth/")) /** Does text contain 'eighth'? **/
printf("match: Text contains the word 'eighth'.\n\n");
printf("match: Text doesn't contain the word 'eighth'.\n\n");
/** Match all occurrences of /wi../ **/
num_matches = matches(text, "m/(wi..)/g", &match_list);
printf("matches: m/(wi..)/g found %d matches...\n", num_matches);
for (i = 0; i < num_matches; i++)
printf("match: %s\n",
SvPV_nolen(*av_fetch(match_list, i, FALSE)));
/** Remove all vowels from text **/
num_matches = substitute(&text, "s/[aeiou]//gi");
if (num_matches) {
printf("substitute: s/[aeiou]//gi...%lu substitutions made.\n",
(unsigned long)num_matches);
printf("Now text is: %s\n\n", SvPV_nolen(text));
/** Attempt a substitution **/
if (!substitute(&text, "s/Perl/C/")) {
printf("substitute: s/Perl/C...No substitution made.\n\n");
PL_perl_destruct_level = 1;
which produces the output (again, long lines have been wrapped here)
match: Text contains the word 'quarter'.
match: Text doesn't contain the word 'eighth'.
matches: m/(wi..)/g found 2 matches...
match: will
match: with
substitute: s/[aeiou]//gi...139 substitutions made.
Now text is: Whn h s t cnvnnc str nd th bll cms t sm mnt lk 76 cnts,
Mynrd s wr tht thr s smthng h *shld* d, smthng tht wll nbl hm t gt
bck qrtr, bt h hs n d *wht*. H fmbls thrgh hs rd sqzy chngprs nd
gvs th by thr xtr pnns wth hs dllr, hpng tht h mght lck nt th crrct
mnt. Th by gvs hm bck tw f hs wn pnns nd thn th bg shny qrtr tht s
hs prz. -RCHH
substitute: s/Perl/C...No substitution made.
Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
When trying to explain stacks, most computer science textbooks mumble something about spring-loaded columns of cafeteria plates: the last thing you pushed on the stack is the first thing you pop off. That'll do for our purposes: your C program will push some arguments onto "the Perl stack", shut its eyes while some magic happens, and then pop the results--the return value of your Perl subroutine--off the stack.
First you'll need to know how to convert between C types and Perl types, with newSViv() and sv_setnv() and newAV() and all their friends. They're described in perlguts and perlapi.
Then you'll need to know how to manipulate the Perl stack. That's described in perlcall.
Once you've understood those, embedding Perl in C is easy.
Because C has no builtin function for integer exponentiation, let's make Perl's ** operator available to it (this is less useful than it sounds, because Perl implements ** with C's pow() function). First I'll create a stub exponentiation function in power.pl:
sub expo {
my ($x, $y) = @_;
return $x ** $y;
Now I'll create a C program, power.c, with a function PerlPower() that contains all the perlguts necessary to push the two arguments into expo() and to pop the return value out. Take a deep breath...
#include <EXTERN.h>
#include <perl.h>
static PerlInterpreter *my_perl;
static void
PerlPower(int a, int b)
dSP; /* initialize stack pointer */
ENTER; /* everything created after here */
SAVETMPS; /* ...is a temporary variable. */
PUSHMARK(SP); /* remember the stack pointer */
XPUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSViv(a))); /* push the base onto the stack */
XPUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSViv(b))); /* push the exponent onto stack */
PUTBACK; /* make local stack pointer global */
call_pv("expo", G_SCALAR); /* call the function */
SPAGAIN; /* refresh stack pointer */
/* pop the return value from stack */
printf ("%d to the %dth power is %d.\n", a, b, POPi);
FREETMPS; /* free that return value */
LEAVE; /* ...and the XPUSHed "mortal" args.*/
int main (int argc, char **argv, char **env)
char *my_argv[] = { "", "power.pl", NULL };
my_perl = perl_alloc();
perl_construct( my_perl );
perl_parse(my_perl, NULL, 2, my_argv, (char **)NULL);
PL_exit_flags |= PERL_EXIT_DESTRUCT_END;
PerlPower(3, 4); /*** Compute 3 ** 4 ***/
Compile and run:
% cc -o power power.c `perl -MExtUtils::Embed -e ccopts -e ldopts`
% power
3 to the 4th power is 81.
Maintaining a persistent interpreter
When developing interactive and/or potentially long-running applications, it's a good idea to maintain a persistent interpreter rather than allocating and constructing a new interpreter multiple times. The major reason is speed: since Perl will only be loaded into memory once.
However, you have to be more cautious with namespace and variable scoping when using a persistent interpreter. In previous examples we've been using global variables in the default package main
. We knew exactly what code would be run, and assumed we could avoid variable collisions and outrageous symbol table growth.
Let's say your application is a server that will occasionally run Perl code from some arbitrary file. Your server has no way of knowing what code it's going to run. Very dangerous.
If the file is pulled in by perl_parse()
, compiled into a newly constructed interpreter, and subsequently cleaned out with perl_destruct()
afterwards, you're shielded from most namespace troubles.
One way to avoid namespace collisions in this scenario is to translate the filename into a guaranteed-unique package name, and then compile the code into that package using "eval" in perlfunc. In the example below, each file will only be compiled once. Or, the application might choose to clean out the symbol table associated with the file after it's no longer needed. Using "call_argv" in perlapi, We'll call the subroutine Embed::Persistent::eval_file
which lives in the file persistent.pl
and pass the filename and boolean cleanup/cache flag as arguments.
Note that the process will continue to grow for each file that it uses. In addition, there might be AUTOLOAD
ed subroutines and other conditions that cause Perl's symbol table to grow. You might want to add some logic that keeps track of the process size, or restarts itself after a certain number of requests, to ensure that memory consumption is minimized. You'll also want to scope your variables with "my" in perlfunc whenever possible.
package Embed::Persistent;
use strict;
our %Cache;
use Symbol qw(delete_package);
sub valid_package_name {
my($string) = @_;
$string =~ s/([^A-Za-z0-9\/])/sprintf("_%2x",unpack("C",$1))/eg;
# second pass only for words starting with a digit
$string =~ s|/(\d)|sprintf("/_%2x",unpack("C",$1))|eg;
# Dress it up as a real package name
$string =~ s|/|::|g;
return "Embed" . $string;
sub eval_file {
my($filename, $delete) = @_;
my $package = valid_package_name($filename);
my $mtime = -M $filename;
if(defined $Cache{$package}{mtime}
$Cache{$package}{mtime} <= $mtime)
# we have compiled this subroutine already,
# it has not been updated on disk, nothing left to do
print STDERR "already compiled $package->handler\n";
else {
local *FH;
open FH, $filename or die "open '$filename' $!";
local($/) = undef;
my $sub = <FH>;
close FH;
#wrap the code into a subroutine inside our unique package
my $eval = qq{package $package; sub handler { $sub; }};
# hide our variables within this block
eval $eval;
die $@ if $@;
#cache it unless we're cleaning out each time
$Cache{$package}{mtime} = $mtime unless $delete;
eval {$package->handler;};
die $@ if $@;
delete_package($package) if $delete;
#take a look if you want
#print Devel::Symdump->rnew($package)->as_string, $/;
/* persistent.c */
#include <EXTERN.h>
#include <perl.h>
/* 1 = clean out filename's symbol table after each request,
0 = don't
#ifndef DO_CLEAN
#define DO_CLEAN 0
#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024
static PerlInterpreter *my_perl = NULL;
main(int argc, char **argv, char **env)
char *embedding[] = { "", "persistent.pl", NULL };
char *args[] = { "", DO_CLEAN, NULL };
char filename[BUFFER_SIZE];
int failing, exitstatus;
if((my_perl = perl_alloc()) == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "no memory!");
PL_origalen = 1; /* don't let $0 assignment update the
proctitle or embedding[0] */
failing = perl_parse(my_perl, NULL, 2, embedding, NULL);
PL_exit_flags |= PERL_EXIT_DESTRUCT_END;
failing = perl_run(my_perl);
if(!failing) {
while(printf("Enter file name: ") &&
fgets(filename, BUFFER_SIZE, stdin)) {
filename[strlen(filename)-1] = '\0'; /* strip \n */
/* call the subroutine,
passing it the filename as an argument */
args[0] = filename;
G_DISCARD | G_EVAL, args);
/* check $@ */
fprintf(stderr, "eval error: %s\n", SvPV_nolen(ERRSV));
PL_perl_destruct_level = 0;
exitstatus = perl_destruct(my_perl);
Now compile:
% cc -o persistent persistent.c \
`perl -MExtUtils::Embed -e ccopts -e ldopts`
Here's an example script file:
my $string = "hello";
sub foo {
print "foo says: @_\n";
Now run:
% persistent
Enter file name: test.pl
foo says: hello
Enter file name: test.pl
already compiled Embed::test_2epl->handler
foo says: hello
Enter file name: ^C
Execution of END blocks
Traditionally END blocks have been executed at the end of the perl_run. This causes problems for applications that never call perl_run. Since perl 5.7.2 you can specify PL_exit_flags |= PERL_EXIT_DESTRUCT_END
to get the new behaviour. This also enables the running of END blocks if the perl_parse fails and perl_destruct
will return the exit value.
$0 assignments
When a perl script assigns a value to $0 then the perl runtime will try to make this value show up as the program name reported by "ps" by updating the memory pointed to by the argv passed to perl_parse() and also calling API functions like setproctitle() where available. This behaviour might not be appropriate when embedding perl and can be disabled by assigning the value 1
to the variable PL_origalen
before perl_parse() is called.
The persistent.c example above is for instance likely to segfault when $0 is assigned to if the PL_origalen = 1;
assignment is removed. This because perl will try to write to the read only memory of the embedding[]
Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
Some rare applications will need to create more than one interpreter during a session. Such an application might sporadically decide to release any resources associated with the interpreter.
The program must take care to ensure that this takes place before the next interpreter is constructed. By default, when perl is not built with any special options, the global variable PL_perl_destruct_level
is set to 0
, since extra cleaning isn't usually needed when a program only ever creates a single interpreter in its entire lifetime.
Setting PL_perl_destruct_level
to 1
makes everything squeaky clean:
while(1) {
/* reset global variables here with PL_perl_destruct_level = 1 */
PL_perl_destruct_level = 1;
/* clean and reset _everything_ during perl_destruct */
PL_perl_destruct_level = 1;
/* let's go do it again! */
When perl_destruct() is called, the interpreter's syntax parse tree and symbol tables are cleaned up, and global variables are reset. The second assignment to PL_perl_destruct_level
is needed because perl_construct resets it to 0
Now suppose we have more than one interpreter instance running at the same time. This is feasible, but only if you used the Configure option -Dusemultiplicity
or the options -Dusethreads -Duseithreads
when building perl. By default, enabling one of these Configure options sets the per-interpreter global variable PL_perl_destruct_level
to 1
, so that thorough cleaning is automatic and interpreter variables are initialized correctly. Even if you don't intend to run two or more interpreters at the same time, but to run them sequentially, like in the above example, it is recommended to build perl with the -Dusemultiplicity
option otherwise some interpreter variables may not be initialized correctly between consecutive runs and your application may crash.
See also "Dealing with embedded perls and threads" in perlclib.
Using -Dusethreads -Duseithreads
rather than -Dusemultiplicity
is more appropriate if you intend to run multiple interpreters concurrently in different threads, because it enables support for linking in the thread libraries of your system with the interpreter.
Let's give it a try:
#include <EXTERN.h>
#include <perl.h>
/* we're going to embed two interpreters */
#define SAY_HELLO "-e", "print qq(Hi, I'm $^X\n)"
int main(int argc, char **argv, char **env)
PerlInterpreter *one_perl, *two_perl;
char *one_args[] = { "one_perl", SAY_HELLO, NULL };
char *two_args[] = { "two_perl", SAY_HELLO, NULL };
one_perl = perl_alloc();
two_perl = perl_alloc();
perl_parse(one_perl, NULL, 3, one_args, (char **)NULL);
perl_parse(two_perl, NULL, 3, two_args, (char **)NULL);
Note the calls to PERL_SET_CONTEXT(). These are necessary to initialize the global state that tracks which interpreter is the "current" one on the particular process or thread that may be running it. It should always be used if you have more than one interpreter and are making perl API calls on both interpreters in an interleaved fashion.
PERL_SET_CONTEXT(interp) should also be called whenever interp
is used by a thread that did not create it (using either perl_alloc(), or the more esoteric perl_clone()).
Compile as usual:
% cc -o multiplicity multiplicity.c \
`perl -MExtUtils::Embed -e ccopts -e ldopts`
Run it, Run it:
% multiplicity
Hi, I'm one_perl
Hi, I'm two_perl
Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C program
If you've played with the examples above and tried to embed a script that use()s a Perl module (such as Socket) which itself uses a C or C++ library, this probably happened:
Can't load module Socket, dynamic loading not available in this perl.
(You may need to build a new perl executable which either supports
dynamic loading or has the Socket module statically linked into it.)
What's wrong?
Your interpreter doesn't know how to communicate with these extensions on its own. A little glue will help. Up until now you've been calling perl_parse(), handing it NULL for the second argument:
perl_parse(my_perl, NULL, argc, my_argv, NULL);
That's where the glue code can be inserted to create the initial contact between Perl and linked C/C++ routines. Let's take a look some pieces of perlmain.c to see how Perl does this:
static void xs_init (pTHX);
EXTERN_C void boot_DynaLoader (pTHX_ CV* cv);
EXTERN_C void boot_Socket (pTHX_ CV* cv);
EXTERN_C void
char *file = __FILE__;
/* DynaLoader is a special case */
newXS("DynaLoader::boot_DynaLoader", boot_DynaLoader, file);
newXS("Socket::bootstrap", boot_Socket, file);
Simply put: for each extension linked with your Perl executable (determined during its initial configuration on your computer or when adding a new extension), a Perl subroutine is created to incorporate the extension's routines. Normally, that subroutine is named Module::bootstrap() and is invoked when you say use Module. In turn, this hooks into an XSUB, boot_Module, which creates a Perl counterpart for each of the extension's XSUBs. Don't worry about this part; leave that to the xsubpp and extension authors. If your extension is dynamically loaded, DynaLoader creates Module::bootstrap() for you on the fly. In fact, if you have a working DynaLoader then there is rarely any need to link in any other extensions statically.
Once you have this code, slap it into the second argument of perl_parse():
perl_parse(my_perl, xs_init, argc, my_argv, NULL);
Then compile:
% cc -o interp interp.c `perl -MExtUtils::Embed -e ccopts -e ldopts`
% interp
use Socket;
use SomeDynamicallyLoadedModule;
print "Now I can use extensions!\n"'
ExtUtils::Embed can also automate writing the xs_init glue code.
% perl -MExtUtils::Embed -e xsinit -- -o perlxsi.c
% cc -c perlxsi.c `perl -MExtUtils::Embed -e ccopts`
% cc -c interp.c `perl -MExtUtils::Embed -e ccopts`
% cc -o interp perlxsi.o interp.o `perl -MExtUtils::Embed -e ldopts`
Consult perlxs, perlclib, perlguts, and perlapi for more details.
Using embedded Perl with POSIX locales
(See perllocale for information about these.) When a Perl interpreter normally starts up, it tells the system it wants to use the system's default locale. This is often, but not necessarily, the "C" or "POSIX" locale. Absent a "use locale"
within the perl code, this mostly has no effect (but see "Not within the scope of "use locale"" in perllocale). Also, there is not a problem if the locale you want to use in your embedded perl is the same as the system default. However, this doesn't work if you have set up and want to use a locale that isn't the system default one. Starting in Perl v5.20, you can tell the embedded Perl interpreter that the locale is already properly set up, and to skip doing its own normal initialization. It skips if the environment variable PERL_SKIP_LOCALE_INIT
is set (even if set to 0 or ""
). A perl that has this capability will define the C pre-processor symbol HAS_SKIP_LOCALE_INIT
. This allows code that has to work with multiple Perl versions to do some sort of work-around when confronted with an earlier Perl.
If your program is using the POSIX 2008 multi-thread locale functionality, you should switch into the global locale and set that up properly before starting the Perl interpreter. It will then properly switch back to using the thread-safe functions.
Hiding Perl_
If you completely hide the short forms of the Perl public API, add -DPERL_NO_SHORT_NAMES to the compilation flags. This means that for example instead of writing
warn("%d bottles of beer on the wall", bottlecount);
you will have to write the explicit full form
Perl_warn(aTHX_ "%d bottles of beer on the wall", bottlecount);
(See "Background and MULTIPLICITY" in perlguts for the explanation of the aTHX_
. ) Hiding the short forms is very useful for avoiding all sorts of nasty (C preprocessor or otherwise) conflicts with other software packages (Perl defines about 2400 APIs with these short names, take or leave few hundred, so there certainly is room for conflict.)
You can sometimes write faster code in C, but you can always write code faster in Perl. Because you can use each from the other, combine them as you wish.
Jon Orwant <firstname.lastname@example.com> and Doug MacEachern <firstname.lastname@example.com>, with small contributions from Tim Bunce, Tom Christiansen, Guy Decoux, Hallvard Furuseth, Dov Grobgeld, and Ilya Zakharevich.
Doug MacEachern has an article on embedding in Volume 1, Issue 4 of The Perl Journal ( http://www.tpj.com/ ). Doug is also the developer of the most widely-used Perl embedding: the mod_perl system (perl.apache.org), which embeds Perl in the Apache web server. Oracle, Binary Evolution, ActiveState, and Ben Sugars's nsapi_perl have used this model for Oracle, Netscape and Internet Information Server Perl plugins.
Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998 Doug MacEachern and Jon Orwant. All Rights Reserved.
This document may be distributed under the same terms as Perl itself.


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If at any time you decide that you do not want to receive marketing emails from us, you will have the option of opting out and/or unsubscribing from our emails and mailing lists by adjusting your "Personal Information Preferences" as follows: [(1) checking or unchecking the appropriate box on your online registration form]; or (2) sending an email to [email protected]. If you chose not to receive marketing emails, you may continue to receive transactional or account emails (e.g., purchase confirmations and account balance statements).
Our websites may include discussion forums or other interactive areas or services, including blogs, chat rooms, bulletin boards, message boards, online hosting or storage services, or other areas or services in which you or third parties create, post or store any content, messages, comments, materials or other items on the sites ("Interactive Areas"). If you use an Interactive Area, you should be aware that these areas are open to the public and any personal information you post or provide at registration may be viewable by others. We are not responsible for personal information you submit in connection with the Interactive Areas, nor are we responsible for how others might use that information, including to send you unsolicited messages. Interactive Area postings may be retained indefinitely. If at any time you would like to remove a posting, please email us at [email protected]. Keep in mind that removal of a posting from an Interactive Area does not mean that the posting will be deleted from our systems.
All information, including Personal Information, collected by us is stored on servers and systems located in the United States, which servers are licensed, owned, and/or maintained by us. We make no representation or warranty with respect to any duty to permanently store any information you may provide or that we otherwise collect about you. We strive to keep our processing activities with respect to your Personal Information as limited as possible. In the absence of specific retention periods set out in this Privacy Policy, we will retain the information we collect from or about you only as long as necessary to provide you with the Website or our services, which includes for the duration of, but could extend beyond, your active participation on the Website, or as otherwise set forth in this Privacy Policy, and to the extent set out in this Privacy Policy and as necessary to comply with our legal and/or statutory obligations, resolve disputes, enforce our agreements, and protect our legal rights. Additionally, we may retain indefinitely any aggregated, anonymized, or pseudonymized information which we may collect and maintain, and may from time-to-time transfer or merge your information collected off-line to our online databases or store off-line information in an electronic format. By using the Website and providing us with information (including Personal Information), you waive any claims that may arise under your own or any other local or national laws, rules or regulations or international treaties. We may from time-to-time transfer or merge your information collected off-line to our online databases or store off-line information in an electronic format. This Privacy Policy applies to your information for as long as your information is in our possession, even if you terminate or discontinue your use of the Website.
If you are a contributor and have submitted model or property releases with any content, we will retain the releases to comply with our legal obligations, dispute resolutions, licensing transactions, or to enforce our contractual obligations. We will not publicly disclose any Personal Information regarding any model.
In certain circumstances you have the right to access the Personal Information that we hold about you and to correct, update, or request deletion your Personal Information. Prior to the fulfilment of your request concerning your Personal Information, we will ask you to verify your identity before we can act upon your request. Even after you request, we delete your Personal Information, we may retain certain information as required by law or as necessary for our legitimate business purposes.
More specifically, you have the following rights:
As far as we process your Personal Information on the basis of our legitimate interests, you can object to processing at any time. If you object to such processing, we ask you to state the grounds of your objection in order for us to examine the processing of your Personal Information and decide whether to adjust the processing accordingly.
Whenever you submit an order to us, you can do so over a secure (i.e., encrypted) connection. This ensures that your personal information is not at risk. Additionally, we encrypt your credit card information and store it in a secure location, which can be accessed only by authorized personnel. As no method of transmission over the Internet, or method of electronic storage is 100% secure, while Clipart.com uses commercially reasonable methods to protect your personal information, we cannot guarantee that it is absolutely secure. In the unlikely event that an unauthorized third-party compromises Clipart.com's security measures, Clipart.com will not be responsible for any damages directly or indirectly caused by an unauthorized third party's ability to view, use or disseminate your information.
Under California Civil Code Section 1798.83, California customers are entitled to request information relating to whether a business has disclosed personal information to any third parties for the third parties' direct marketing purposes. As explained elsewhere in this Privacy Policy, we will not sell or transfer your personal information to third party companies for their direct marketing purposes without your consent. California customers who wish to request further information about our compliance with this statute or who have questions more generally about our Privacy Policy and our privacy commitments to our customers and Website users should not hesitate to contact us at the address or phone number below.
If at any point you wish to access your personal information to (1) change your preferences, (2) review the accuracy, or (3) correct, supplement or modify your information, you may make a written request to [email protected].
Clipart.com reserves the right to amend the Privacy Policy from time to time at its sole discretion and will provide notice by email or on the home page of the Site when we make material changes to this Privacy Policy prior to the change becoming effective.
Our Site includes links to other sites whose privacy practices may differ from those of Clipart.com. If you submit personal information to any of those sites, your information is governed by their privacy policies. Please review the privacy policy of any Web site you visit. Clipart.com makes no representations or warranties with respect to, nor is Clipart.com responsible for the privacy policies of, any Third-Party Sites. If you decide to click on any such links or access any Third-Party Sites appearing on the Website, you do so at your own risk.
On some pages, we allow you to share Personal Information with third parties, such as social networks like Facebook. In these instances, you are agreeing to the data being shared and the shared data is subject to the privacy policies of the third parties. We do not control and do not assume any responsibility for the use of personal information by such third parties. For more information about the third party's purpose and scope of their use of personal information in connection with sharing features, please visit the privacy policies of such third parties.
We do not intend to solicit or collect Personal Information from anyone under the age of 18. If you are under 18, do not enter information on this site or engage our services. If you believe a child of yours under the age of 18 has entered Personal Information please contact [email protected] to have the data removed and terminate the child's account.
Individuals located in certain countries, including the European Economic Area, have certain statutory rights in relation to their Personal Information. Subject to any exemptions provided by law, if you live in this area you have the right to request access to your Personal Information, as well as to seek to update, delete, or correct this Information.
You can contact [email protected] via e-mail or locate further options on the Contact page.