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In the case of the Australian CPI, this methodology involves devising a basket of goods and services representative of those acquired by metropolitan private households during the course of a full year. The annual basket used in the CPI is based primarily on data obtained from the Household Expenditure Survey (HES) which is the only authoritative source of data on the expenditures of different household types in each of the capital cities. The CPI is an important economic indicator used in formulating monetary policy and in a wide range of business, economic and social analysis and decision–making. Seasonally adjustment is used to produce additional analytical series, such as 'All groups CPI, seasonally adjusted', and the underlying trend series (trimmed mean and weighted median). The seasonally adjusted estimates for the expenditure classes contributing to these analytical series are included in the time series spreadsheets. The headline figure, however, remains as the original estimate of the 'All groups CPI'. TIMELINESS The CPI is released each quarter, (three months ending March, June, September and December). The data are typically released on the fourth Wednesday after the end of the reference quarter, depending on public holidays, but no later than the last Wednesday of the month after the end of the reference quarter. ACCURACY The overall (or All groups) CPI provides a measure of the average rate of price change. In calculating an average measure of this type it is necessary to recognise that some items are more important than others. Measures of expenditure on each of the 87 CPI expenditure classes are obtained from the HES, which is the only authoritative source of data on the expenditures of different household types in each of the capital cities. It is important to understand that the composition of the basket and the relative importance of items in it relate to households as a whole – it represents the expenditures of all in scope households, not the expenditure pattern of an "average household" or of any particular household type or size. The collection of prices in each capital city is largely carried out by trained field staff. Prices are collected in the kinds of retail outlets and other places where metropolitan households purchase goods and services. This involves collecting prices from many sources such as supermarkets, restaurants, travel agents and schools. In total, around 100,000 separate price quotations are collected each quarter. The frequency of price collection by item varies as necessary to obtain reliable price measures. Prices of some items are volatile (i.e. their prices may vary many times each quarter) and for these prices frequent price observations are necessary to estimate a reliable average quarterly price. The CPI takes account of any changes in the quality of the items priced to ensure that the index reflects only pure price change. Items available in stores are constantly changing. The CPI identifies changes to item specifications and adjusts observed prices to eliminate quality differences. The CPI uses a hierarchy of rounding procedures to ensure consistency between published index numbers and percentage changes. However, rounding differences can arise in the "points contributions" published in tables 6, 7 and 8 because of the different levels of precision required in those data. Index numbers are released as final figures at the time they are first published. Revisions have never occurred and will only occur in exceptional circumstances. COHERENCE The CPI was first compiled in 1960, with index numbers backcast to 1948. Since its inception in its current form in 1960, reviews of the CPI have usually been carried out at about six–yearly intervals. Following each review, which involves revising the list of items and their weights, the new series are linked to the old to form a continuous series. This linking is carried out in such a way that the resulting continuous series reflect only price changes and not differences in the composition of the old and new baskets. This approach allows changes in expenditure patterns to be reflected in the CPI. The data are comparable from the start of each data series. In analysing price movements in Australia, an important consideration is Australia's performance relative to other countries. However, a simple comparison of All groups (or headline) CPIs is often inappropriate because of the different measurement approaches used by countries for certain products, particularly housing and financial and insurance services. To provide a better basis for international comparisons, the Seventeenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians adopted a resolution which called for countries to 'if possible, compile and provide for dissemination to the international community an index that excludes housing and financial services' in addition to the all–items index. INTERPRETABILITY The Consumer Price Index (CPI) publication (cat. no. 6401.0) contains Explanatory Notes that provide information about the structure, weights, data sources and other technical aspects of the series. Further information is available in A Guide to the Consumer Price Index: 16th Series, 2011 (cat. no. 6440.0). Another useful source is Information Paper: Introduction of the 16th Series Australian Consumer Price Index, 2011 (cat. no. 6470.0). More detailed information can also be found in Consumer Price Index: Concepts, Sources and Methods, 2011 (cat. no. 6461.0). ACCESSIBILITY A link to the latest issue of the Consumer Price Index can be found on the ABS home page <www.abs.gov.au>. Detailed information, including a range of time series spreadsheets, can be found in the "Downloads" tab of this web page. For links to data and publications relating to the Labour Price Index and other prices series, please see the Inflation and Price Indexes Topics @ a Glance. Document Selection These documents will be presented in a new window. |


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Kentish Town Double Glazing Repairs – uPVC Window Specialists
020 7129 8023
Serving Kentish Town, we are door and window repair experts, we tackle all types of window and door repairs. We specialise in uPVC repairs and offer locksmith and boarding up services
Double Glazed Windows
Double glazed windows account for the majority of the window repair calls we receive and include uPVC windows, aluminium windows and timber windows
Double Glazing Repairs
Double glazing repairs pertain to door and window frames and their moving parts such as door handles, window handles, window locks, door locks, including multi-point locks and euro-cylinders, also includes friction stays (window hinges) and door sundries such as letterboxes, door knockers and door panels etc.
Glass Repairs
Other than for external damage or breakage, the main reason for replacing double glazed units is due to water ingress between the glass panes causing the glass to become cloudy or misted up. We also carry out glass refurbishment with all types of glass including, toughened and laminated safety glass, feature lead, Georgian and stained glass effects.
While the majority of calls we receive in Kentish Town these days are for window, door and glass repairs, we also supply and install new replacement windows, doors and uPVC door panels
Replacement Windows
We install a comprehensive range of windows these include;
Casement Windows
These open outwards and account for the majority of replacement windows installed in the UK
Tilt & Turn Windows
This style of window was imported from Europe. Unlike the casement window, it opens inwards, which can present a problem where curtains are fitted. As well as opening inwards there is also the facility to tilt it into the room for ventilation.
Bay Windows
A bay window can be structural or can be added into an existing flat window opening (known as a plant on bay) In the majority of cases bay windows are a combination of casement windows which are coupled together using structural poles or posts. They can also consist of tilt & turn windows as well as doors
Vertical Sliding Sash windows
This style of window was popular in the Victorian and Edwardian eras and is still popular in these older properties, where the homeowner wants to retain the period charm of the property
Replacement Doors
We supply and install a comprehensive range of doors.
These include;
Casement Doors
These are the everyday external doors you see in residential homes and open inwards or outwards.
French Doors
These comprise a combination of two casement doors, manufactured together in one frame. They can be coupled with windows to make up a french door combination
Patio Doors
These are also known as sliding doors and became popular in the 1970s. They are still as popular today as they were then
Bifold Doors
These have become more and more popular over the years as they fold back against the wall to allow the full opening they are set into to be maximised.
The windows and doors we install are available in the following materials;
Composite Doors
This type of residential door has become the most popular in the Uk for front doors. We have a comprehensive range of styles and colours to choose from
uPVC Windows and Doors
These are still by far the most popular replacement windows and doors in the UK. There are in essence two types of finish either smooth or a grained foiled finish. They are available in a variety of colours and are available in the following configurations;
uPVC Windows
Types we install include, casement windows, tilt & turn windows, bay windows and vertical sliding sash windows
uPVC Doors
Types we install include casement doors, french doors, patio doors and bi-fold doors
Aluminium Windows and Doors
As with uPVC there is a comprehensive range of colours and are available in the following configurations;
Aluminium Windows
We install, casement windows, tilt & turn windows and bay windows
Aluminium Doors
We install, casement doors, french doors, patio doors and bifold doors
Timber Windows and Doors
Supplied in a comprehensive range of finishes and colours, they are available in the following configurations;
Timber Windows
We supply and install, casement windows, bay windows and vertical sliding sash windows
Timber Doors
We supply and install, casement doors, french doors and patio doors
Replacement uPVC Door Panels
We supply and install replacement uPVC door panels, where the original panel has become damaged or has discoloured or even where the homeowner just wants a new look. Available in a comprehensive range of styles, colours and finishes including both smooth and grained, they also come in a variety of patterned glass choices.
Although most of the work we carry out in Kentish Town is for private house owners we also carry out commercial door and window repairs for housing associations, utility companies, estate agents, letting agents, private landlords and varying other types of businesses.
We cover the entire NW5 postcode and also provide boarding up services for those who have the misfortune of having their property damaged by the weather, burglary or have had their home vandalised.
To view our full range of services, click on the links opposite. If you wish to speak to us you can either call on 020 7129 8023 or fill out the enquiry form opposite
We also cover Kilburn
Kentish Town Repair my Windows and Doors
Kentish Town Industrial Estate
Regis Road
Opening Hours
Mon 08:00 – 18:00
Tuesday 08:00 – 18:00
Wednesday 08:00 – 18:00
Thursday 08:00 – 18:00
Friday 08:00 – 18:00
Saturday 09:00 – 15:00
Sunday – Closed

subset: commoncrawl


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You are here
Safety for Teens
Safety for Teens
Remember those awkward preteen and teenage years? Pimples, braces, hormones raging through the body. Don't worry, it's all part of growing up.
As parents, this is the time when we're trying to find that perfect balance between giving our kids the freedom to make their own choices (and mistakes) and enforcing rules to keep them safe.
No problem, right?
Well, hopefully we can help. We've broken down the top tips every parent needs to strike that balance between freedom and safety. Think of us as your go-to source for safety information.
There are also other resources such as blogs, checklists and videos that will give you the tools you need to help keep your kids safe. And don't forget to share this information with a friend. Because when it comes to keeping kids happy, active and safe, we're all in this together.
What You Need to Know
- Bike Safety
- Boating Safety
- Burn Prevention
- Carbon Monoxide Prevention
- Falls Prevention
- Fire Safety
- Getting Ready to Drive
- Gun Safety
- Medication Safety
- Pedestrian Safety
- Poison Prevention
- Skating and Skateboarding Safety
- Sports Safety
- Swimming Safety
- Teen Drivers
- Water Safety


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Endoscopic Surgery for Sinusitis
Surgery Overview
In endoscopic sinus surgery, an endoscope is inserted into the nose, providing the doctor with an inside view of the sinuses.
Surgical instruments are inserted alongside the endoscope. This allows the doctor to remove small amounts of bone or other material blocking the sinus openings and remove growths (polyps) of the mucous membrane. In some cases a laser is used to burn away tissue blocking the sinus opening. A small rotating burr that scrapes away tissue may also be used.
The surgery may be done in a hospital or in a doctor's office or clinic. Either local or general anesthesia may be used. The procedure takes 30 to 90 minutes.
What To Expect
Minor discomfort and bleeding are common during the first 2 weeks after surgery. Weekly visits to the surgeon may be necessary for about 3 weeks after the surgery to have dried blood and mucus removed.
Recovery also may involve:
- Packing the nose with gauze to absorb bloody drainage.
- Taking antibiotics.
- Using a nasal spray containing a steroid for 6 months or longer to reduce inflammation.
- Using saltwater washes (saline nasal lavage or irrigation) to keep the nasal passages moist.
- Avoiding activities such as blowing the nose, exercising strenuously, and bending forward for a few days.
- Using a humidifier to keep room air moist, especially in the bedroom.
Why It Is Done
Endoscopic surgery may be needed when medicine has failed to improve or cure chronic sinusitis. It is the preferred method of surgery for most cases of chronic sinusitis that require surgery.
How Well It Works
Endoscopic surgery improves symptoms in about 90 out of 100 people.footnote 1
But surgery does not always completely eliminate sinusitis. Some people may need a second operation.
Surgery is most successful when used along with medicine and home treatment to prevent future sinus infections. A second surgery and future sinus infections may be avoided if antibiotics are taken to prevent reinfection.
As with any surgery, there are always some risks involved. But endoscopic sinus surgery is very safe when performed by an experienced surgeon who has special training with endoscopic surgical techniques.
Minor complications (such as scar tissue attaching to nearby tissue, or bruising and swelling around the eyes) occur in a small number of people who have the surgery. Major complications (such as heavy bleeding, eye area injury, or brain injury) occur in fewer than 1 out of 100 cases.footnote 2 Most complications of endoscopic sinus surgery can be managed or prevented.
What To Think About
Endoscopic sinus surgery does not cause as much visible scarring as traditional sinus surgery. Also, it may not cost as much as traditional surgery, because there is a shorter hospital stay, if any, and a shorter recovery.
- Suh JD, Chiu AG (2012). Acute and chronic sinusitis. In AK Lalwani, ed., Current Diagnosis and Treatment Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, 3rd ed., pp. 291–301. New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Joint Council of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology (2005). The diagnosis and management of sinusitis: A practice parameter update. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 116(6 Suppl): S13–S47.
Current as of: October 21, 2018
Author: Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:Patrice Burgess, MD, FAAFP – Family Medicine & Kathleen Romito, MD – Family Medicine & Donald R. Mintz, MD, FRCSC – Otolaryngology
Current as of: October 21, 2018
Author: Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:Patrice Burgess, MD, FAAFP – Family Medicine & Kathleen Romito, MD – Family Medicine & Donald R. Mintz, MD, FRCSC – Otolaryngology
This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated, disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. Learn how we develop our content.


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Find Senior Apartments in Michigan
Senior apartment living, a type of independent senior living, provides seniors with an independent lifestyle while offering a moderate level of help for seniors, such as daily assistance with essential necessities and services. Unlike standard apartment complexes, senior apartments are age restricted — usually starting at 55 or 62 years of age. That is, only those who have reached the age of 55 or 62 are permitted to live in the senior apartment facility. (The age restriction varies by apartment community.) The age limit allows this type of senior housing to cater their services specifically to the wants and needs of seniors while providing a community of others who are of similar age and shared interests.


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Digestive System
What Is the Digestive System?
Food is our fuel, and its nutrients give our bodies' cells the energy and substances they need to work. But before food can do that, it must be digested into small pieces the body can absorb and use.
The first step in the digestive process happens before we even taste food. Just by smelling that homemade apple pie or thinking about how delicious that ripe tomato is going to be, you start salivating — and the digestive process begins in preparation for that first bite.
Almost all animals have a tube-type digestive system in which food:
- enters the mouth
- passes through a long tube
- exits the body as feces (poop) through the anus
Along the way, food is broken down into tiny molecules so that the body can absorb nutrients it needs:
- Protein must be broken down into amino acids.
- Starches break down into simple sugars.
- Fats break down into into fatty acids and glycerol.
The waste parts of food that the body can't use are what leave the body as feces.
How Does Digestion Work?
The digestive system is made up of the alimentary canal (also called the digestive tract) and other organs, such as the liver and pancreas. The alimentary canal is the long tube of organs — including the esophagus, stomach, and intestines — that runs from the mouth to the anus. An adult's digestive tract is about 30 feet (about 9 meters) long.
Digestion begins in the mouth, well before food reaches the stomach. When we see, smell, taste, or even imagine a tasty meal, our salivary glands in front of the ear, under the tongue, and near the lower jaw begin making saliva (spit).
As the teeth tear and chop the food, spit moistens it for easy swallowing. A digestive enzyme in saliva called amylase (pronounced: AH-meh-lace) starts to break down some of the carbohydrates (starches and sugars) in the food even before it leaves the mouth.
Swallowing, done by muscle movements in the tongue and mouth, moves the food into the throat, or pharynx (pronounced: FAIR-inks). The pharynx is a passageway for food and air. A soft flap of tissue called the epiglottis (pronounced: ep-ih-GLAH-tus) closes over the windpipe when we swallow to prevent choking.
From the throat, food travels down a muscular tube in the chest called the esophagus (pronounced: ih-SAH-fuh-gus). Waves of muscle contractions called peristalsis (pronounced: per-uh-STALL-sus) force food down through the esophagus to the stomach. A person normally isn't aware of the movements of the esophagus, stomach, and intestine that take place as food passes through the digestive tract.
At the end of the esophagus, a muscular ring or valve called a sphincter (pronounced: SFINK-ter) allows food to enter the stomach and then squeezes shut to keep food or fluid from flowing back up into the esophagus. The stomach muscles churn and mix the food with digestive juices that have acids and enzymes, breaking it into much smaller, digestible pieces. An acidic environment is needed for the digestion that takes place in the stomach.
By the time food is ready to leave the stomach, it has been processed into a thick liquid called chyme (pronounced: kime). A walnut-sized muscular valve at the outlet of the stomach called the pylorus (pronounced: pie-LOR-us) keeps chyme in the stomach until it reaches the right consistency to pass into the small intestine. Chyme is then squirted down into the small intestine, where digestion of food continues so the body can absorb the nutrients into the bloodstream.
Getting an Upper GI
An upper GI test is a type of X-ray that helps doctors learn how your digestive system is working.
The small intestine is made up of three parts:
- the duodenum (pronounced: due-uh-DEE-num), the C-shaped first part
- the jejunum (pronounced: jih-JU-num), the coiled midsection
- the ileum (pronounced: IH-lee-um), the final section that leads into the large intestine
The inner wall of the small intestine is covered with millions of microscopic, finger-like projections called villi (pronounced: VIH-lie). The villi are the vehicles through which nutrients can be absorbed into the blood. The blood then brings these nutrients to the rest of the body.
The liver (under the ribcage in the right upper part of the abdomen), the gallbladder (hidden just below the liver), and the pancreas (beneath the stomach) are not part of the alimentary canal, but these organs are essential to digestion.
The liver makes bile, which helps the body absorb fat. Bile is stored in the gallbladder until it is needed. The pancreas makes enzymes that help digest proteins, fats, and carbs. It also makes a substance that neutralizes stomach acid. These enzymes and bile travel through special pathways (called ducts) into the small intestine, where they help to break down food. The liver also helps process nutrients in the bloodstream.
From the small intestine, undigested food (and some water) travels to the large intestine through a muscular ring or valve that prevents food from returning to the small intestine. By the time food reaches the large intestine, the work of absorbing nutrients is nearly finished.
The large intestine's main job is to remove water from the undigested matter and form solid waste (poop) to be excreted.
The large intestine has three parts:
- The cecum (pronounced: SEE-kum) is the beginning of the large intestine. The appendix, a small, hollow, finger-like pouch, hangs at the end of the cecum. Scientists believe the appendix is left over from a previous time in human evolution. It no longer appears to be useful to the digestive process.
- The colon extends from the cecum up the right side of the abdomen, across the upper abdomen, and then down the left side of the abdomen, finally connecting to the rectum.
The colon has three parts: the ascending colon and the transverse colon, which absorb fluids and salts; and the descending colon, which holds the resulting waste. Bacteria in the colon help to digest the remaining food products. - The rectum is where feces are stored until they leave the digestive system through the anus as a bowel movement.
It takes hours for our bodies to fully digest food.
Note: All information is for educational purposes only. For specific medical advice, diagnoses, and treatment, consult your doctor.
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