text:
Haskell is a computer programming language. In particular, it is a polymorphically statically typed, lazy, purely functional language, quite different from most other programming languages. The language is named for Haskell Brooks Curry, whose work in mathematical logic serves as a foundation for functional languages. Haskell is based on the lambda calculus, hence the lambda we use as a logo.
Why use Haskell?
Writing large software systems that work is difficult and expensive. Maintaining those systems is even more difficult and expensive. Functional programming languages, such as Haskell, can make it easier and cheaper. For example, a new user who wrote a small relational DBMS in Haskell had this to say:
WOW! I basically wrote this without testing just thinking about my program in terms of transformations between types. I wrote the test/example code and had almost no implementation errors in the code! The compiler/type-system is really really good at preventing you from making coding mistakes! I've never in my life had a block of code this big work on the first try. I am WAY impressed.
Even if you are not in a position to use Haskell in your programming projects, learning Haskell can make you a better programmer in any language.
I learned Haskell a couple of years ago, having previously programmed in Python and (many) other languages. Recently, I've been using Python for a project (the choice being determined by both technical and non-technical issues), and find my Python programming style is now heavily influenced (for the better, I hope ;-) by my Haskell programming experience.
Graham Klyne
Haskell offers you:
- Substantially increased programmer productivity (Ericsson measured an improvement factor of between 9 and 25 using Erlang, a functional programming language similar to Haskell, in one set of experiments on telephony software).
- Shorter, clearer, and more maintainable code.
- Fewer errors, higher reliability.
- A smaller "semantic gap" between the programmer and the language.
- Shorter lead times.
Haskell is a wide-spectrum language, suitable for a variety of applications. It is particularly suitable for programs which need to be highly modifiable and maintainable.
Much of a software product's life is spent in specification, design and maintenance, and not in programming. Functional languages are superb for writing specifications which can actually be executed (and hence tested and debugged). Such a specification then is the first prototype of the final program.
Functional programs are also relatively easy to maintain, because the code is shorter, clearer, and the rigorous control of side effects eliminates a huge class of unforeseen interactions.
What is functional programming?
C, Java, Pascal, Ada, and so on, are all imperative languages. They are "imperative" in the sense that they consist of a sequence of commands, which are executed strictly one after the other. Haskell is a functional language. A functional program is a single expression, which is executed by evaluating the expression.
Anyone who has used a spreadsheet has experience of functional programming. In a spreadsheet, one specifies the value of each cell in terms of the values of other cells. The focus is on what is to be computed, not how it should be computed. For example:
- we do not specify the order in which the cells should be calculated - instead we take it for granted that the spreadsheet will compute cells in an order which respects their dependencies.
- we do not tell the spreadsheet how to allocate its memory - rather, we expect it to present us with an apparently infinite plane of cells, and to allocate memory only to those cells which are actually in use.
- for the most part, we specify the value of a cell by an expression (whose parts can be evaluated in any order), rather than by a sequence of commands which computes its value.
An interesting consequence of the spreadsheet's unspecified order of re-calculation is that the notion of assignment is not very useful. After all, if you don't know exactly when an assignment will happen, you can't make much use of it! This contrasts strongly with programs in conventional languages like C, which consist essentially of a carefully-specified sequence of assignments, or Java, in which the ordering of method calls is crucial to the meaning of a program.
This focus on the high-level "what" rather than the low-level "how" is a distinguishing characteristic of functional programming languages.
Another well-known nearly-functional language is the standard database query language SQL. An SQL query is an expression involving projections, selections, joins and so forth. The query says what relation should be computed, without saying how it should be computed. Indeed, the query can be evaluated in any convenient order. SQL implementations often perform extensive query optimization which (among other things) figures out the best order in which to evaluate the expression.
What's good about functional programming?
Spreadsheets and SQL are both fairly specialized languages. Functional programming languages take the same ideas and move them into the realm of general-purpose programming. To get an idea of what a functional program is like, and the expressiveness of functional languages, look at the following quicksort programs. They both sort a sequence of numbers into ascending order using a standard method called "quicksort". The first program is written in Haskell and the second in C.
Whereas the C program describes the particular steps the machine must make to perform a sort -- with most code dealing with the low-level details of data manipulation -- the Haskell program encodes the sorting algorithm at a much higher level, with improved brevity and clarity as a result (at the cost of efficiency unless compiled by a very smart compiler):
Quicksort in Haskell
The first thing to know about Haskell's syntax is that parentheses are used for grouping, and not for function application. The application of a function f
to an argument x
is written f x
, not necessarily f(x)
. It can be written as (f x)
to separate it from its surroundings.
quicksort :: Ord a => [a] -> [a]
quicksort [] = []
quicksort (p:xs) = (quicksort lesser) ++ [p] ++ (quicksort greater)
lesser = filter (< p) xs
greater = filter (>= p) xs
The parentheses indicate the grouping of operands on the right-hand side of equations. On the left they indicate patterns of a function's argument(s). The parentheses around the two function calls (quicksort lesser)
and (quicksort greater)
are not necessary – because function application binds tighter than infix operators – and are there just for clarity.
Here []
stands for empty list, [p]
for a singleton list holding one element p
, ++
is a built-in list concatenation operator, and the two filter
calls use two on-the-fly built predicates, first for getting all the elements of xs
that are smaller than the pivot element p
, and the other - all those greater than, or equal to it.
This definition uses Haskell's ability to define functions as equations with pattern-matching clauses: here the first one, with []
pattern for an empty list on its left-hand side, and the second, with (p:xs)
pattern on its left-hand side standing for non-empty list with the head element p
(used as a pivot element), and the tail xs
(which is read, by convention, as axes, suggesting that it is a list of several xs, viz. elements "x").
The very first line above is the function's type signature: it says that quicksort
transforms a list of elements of some type a
(usually read "alpha") into a list of the same type, for a type a
that is an instance of typeclass Ord
(which means that comparison operations are defined for it, so elements of type a
can be compared with one another).
Quicksort in C
True quicksort in C sorts in-place:
// To sort array a[] of size n: qsort(a,0,n-1) void qsort(int a[], int lo, int hi) { int h, l, p, t; if (lo < hi) { l = lo; h = hi; p = a[hi]; do { while ((l < h) && (a[l] <= p)) l = l+1; while ((h > l) && (a[h] >= p)) h = h-1; if (l < h) { t = a[l]; a[l] = a[h]; a[h] = t; } } while (l < h); a[hi] = a[l]; a[l] = p; qsort( a, lo, l-1 ); qsort( a, l+1, hi ); } }
A semi-direct translation of the C code is here.
Let's examine some of the benefits of Haskell and functional programming. A more detailed case for functional programming can be found in
Why Functional Programming Matters by John Hughes, The Computer Journal, Vol. 32, No. 2, 1989, pp. 98 - 107. Also in: David A. Turner (ed.): Research Topics in Functional Programming, Addison-Wesley, 1990, pp. 17 - 42.
A slightly less formal essay inspired by the paper above can be found in
Why Haskell Matters originally by Sebastian Sylvan
Ease of understanding
Functional programs are often easier to understand: it is usually possible to get their meaning at a glance. The same certainly cannot be said of the C program. It takes quite a while to understand, and even when you do understand it, it is extremely easy to make a small slip and end up with an incorrect program.
Here is a detailed explanation of the Haskell quicksort:
quicksort [] = []
The first clause reads: "The result of sorting an empty list ([]) is just an empty list ([])".
quicksort (p:xs) = (quicksort lesser) ++ [p] ++ (quicksort greater)
lesser = filter (< p) xs
greater = filter (>= p) xs
The second clause reads: "The result of sorting a non-empty list whose first element will be henceforth referred to as p and the rest of which will be referred to as xs, is a result of concatenating three sublists: first the result of sorting the elements of xs that are less than p, then p itself, and then the result of sorting the elements of xs that are greater than or equal to p."
Functional programs tend to be much more concise, shorter by a factor of two to ten usually, than their imperative counterparts.
The above could be written even more concisely with the help of list comprehensions:
qsort (p:xs) = qsort [x | x<-xs, x<p] ++ [p] ++ qsort [x | x<-xs, x>=p]
The first sub-expression means, for x
drawn from xs
in order, such that x < p
, collect x
s in a list and call the qsort
function with it, recursively. Similarly for the last one.
No core dumps
Most functional languages, and Haskell in particular, are strongly typed, eliminating a huge class of easy-to-make errors at compile time. In particular, strong typing means no core dumps! There is simply no possibility of treating an integer as a pointer, or following a null pointer.
Code re-use
Of course, strong typing is available in many imperative languages, such as Ada or Pascal. However, Haskell's type system is much less restrictive than, say, Pascal's, because it uses polymorphism.
For example, the qsort program given in Figure 1 will not only sort lists of integers, but also lists of floating point numbers, lists of characters, lists of lists; indeed, it will sort lists of anything for which it is meaningful to have "less-than" and "greater-than" operations. In contrast, the C version can only sort an array of integers, and nothing else.
Polymorphism enhances re-usability.
Strong glue
"Non-strict" functional languages, such as Haskell, have another powerful feature: they only evaluate as much of the program as is required to get the answer - this is called lazy evaluation. This feature is rather like Unix pipes. For example, the Unix command
grep printf Foo.c | wc
counts the number of lines in the file Foo.c that include the string printf. The command
grep printf Foo.c
produces all lines which contain the string "printf", while the "wc" command counts them. The pipe, written "|", takes the output from the first command and delivers it to the second. The two commands execute together, so that the output of the first is consumed more-or-less immediately by the second. In this way, no large intermediate files need be produced. You can think of wc "demanding" lines from the grep.
If the second command only needs some of the output of the first, then execution of the first command might never need to be completed. For example,
grep printf Foo.c | head 5
just prints the first 5 lines which contain "printf". There is no need to modify the grep command to take account of the fact that its execution might be abandoned.
Non-strict languages provide exactly this kind of demand-driven evaluation. Data structures are evaluated just enough to deliver the answer, and parts of them may not be evaluated at all. As in the case of Unix commands, this provides powerful "glue" with which to compose existing programs together. What this means is that it is possible to re-use programs, or pieces of programs, much more often than can be done in an imperative setting. Lazy evaluation allows us to write more modular programs.
Powerful abstractions
In general, functional languages offer powerful new ways to encapsulate abstractions. An abstraction allows you to define an object whose internal workings are hidden; a C procedure, for example, is an abstraction. Abstractions are the key to building modular, maintainable programs, so much so that a good question to ask of any new language is "what mechanisms for abstraction does it provide?".
One powerful abstraction mechanism available in functional languages is the higher order function. In Haskell a function is a first-class citizen: it can freely be passed to other functions, returned as the result of a function, stored in a data structure, and so on. It turns out that the judicious use of higher order functions can substantially improve the structure and modularity of many programs.
Built-in memory management
Very many sophisticated programs need to allocate dynamic memory from a heap. In C this is done with a call to malloc, followed by code to initialize the store just allocated. The programmer is responsible for returning the store to the free pool when it isn't needed any more, a notorious source of "dangling-pointer" errors. To make matters worse, malloc is fairly expensive performance-wise, so programmers often malloc a single large chunk of store, and then allocate "by hand" out of this.
Every functional language relieves the programmer of this storage management burden. Store is allocated and initialized implicitly, and recovered automatically by the garbage collector. The technology of storage allocation and garbage collection is now well developed, and the performance costs are rather slight.
When C is better
It isn't all roses, of course. The C quicksort uses an extremely ingenious technique, invented by Hoare, whereby it sorts the array in place; that is, without using any extra storage. As a result, it runs quickly, and in a small amount of memory. In contrast, the Haskell program allocates quite a lot of extra memory behind the scenes, and runs rather slower than the C program.
In effect, the C quicksort does some very ingenious storage management, trading this algorithmic complexity for a reduction in run-time storage management costs.
In applications where performance is required at any cost, or when the goal is detailed tuning of a low-level algorithm, an imperative language like C would probably be a better choice than Haskell, exactly because it provides more intimate control over the exact way in which the computation is carried out - that is, until sufficiently smart compiler appears that is able to derive the C equivalent from the Haskell one-liner, all by itself.
Functional vs imperative
But few programs require performance at any cost! After all, we all stopped writing assembly-language programs, except perhaps for key inner loops, long ago. The benefits of having a more supportive programming model (an arbitrary number of named, local variables instead of a fixed number of registers, for example) far outweigh the modest run-time costs.
Similarly, we willingly accept the costs of a virtual memory paging system, in exchange for the more supportive programming model of an infinite virtual address space. The days of explicit memory overlays are over.
Functional languages take another large step towards a higher-level programming model. Programs are easier to design, write and maintain, but the language offers the programmer less control over the machine. For most programs the result is perfectly acceptable.
What is Haskell?
Haskell is a modern, standard, non-strict, purely-functional programming language. It provides all the features sketched above, including polymorphic typing, lazy evaluation and higher-order functions. It also has an innovative type system which supports a systematic form of overloading and a module system.
It is specifically designed to handle a wide range of applications, from numerical through to symbolic. To this end, Haskell has an expressive syntax, and a rich variety of built-in data types, including arbitrary-precision integers and rationals, as well as the more conventional integer, floating-point and boolean types.
There are a number of compilers and interpreters available. All are free. The recommend way to install Haskell on your computer is through the the Haskell Platform.
See also the History of Haskell.
Does anyone use functional programming?
Functional programming languages are used in substantial applications. For example:
- Software AG, a major German software company, market an expert system (Natural Expert) which is programmed in a functional language. Their users find it easy to develop their applications in this language, through which they gain access to an underlying database system. It all runs on an IBM mainframe.
- Ericsson have developed a new functional language, Erlang, to use in their future telephony applications. They have already written 130k-line Erlang applications, and find them very much shorter and faster to develop.
- Amoco ran an experiment in which they re-coded in Miranda, a lazy functional language, a substantial fraction of their main oil-reservoir simulation code, a critical application. The resulting program was vastly shorter, and its production revealed a number of errors in the existing software. Amoco subsequently transcribed the functional program into C++ with encouraging results.
- A researcher at the MITRE corporation is using Haskell to prototype his digital signal-processing applications.
- Researchers at Durham University used Miranda, and later Haskell, in a seven-year project to build LOLITA, a 30,000-line program for natural-language understanding.
- Query is the query language of the O2 object-oriented database system. O2Query is probably the most sophisticated commercially-available object-oriented database query language and it is a functional language.
- ICAD Inc market a CAD system for mechanical and aeronautical engineers. The language in which the engineers describe their design is functional, and it uses lazy evaluation extensively to avoid recomputing parts of the design which are not currently visible on the screen. This results in substantial performance improvements.
- An incestuous example: the Glasgow Haskell compiler is written in Haskell: a 100,000-line application.
- Pugs, which was the leading perl6 implementation, is written in Haskell
- As is Darcs, a cutting edge distributed revision control system
Some other examples of Haskell in practice.
Clifford Beshers, of Linspire Inc., describes their experience with Haskell, and functional programming:
Linspire, Inc. has used functional programming since its inception in 2001, beginning with extensive use of O'Caml, with a steady shift to Haskell as its implementations and libraries have matured. Hardware detection, software packaging and CGI web page generation are all areas where we have used functional programming extensively.
Haskell's feature set lets us replace much of our use of little languages (e.g., bash or awk) and two-level languages (C or C++ bound to an interpreted language), allowing for faster development, better code sharing and ultimately faster implementations. Above all, we value static type checking for minimizing runtime errors in applications that run in unknown environments and for wrapping legacy programs in strongly typed functions to ensure that we pass valid arguments.
Other frequently-asked questions
There is also a larger FAQ in progress.
Is functional programming hard to learn?
Functional programming does require a change in perspective, which some programmers find hard. But Ericsson's experience in training programmers in Erlang is that most find the transition easy - provided they take the training need seriously rather than assuming that they can "pick it up on the day".
Aren't functional programs very slow?
They used to be, perhaps 20 years ago. But the compilers
have long since caught up. Haskell programs run fast for all but the most performance-demanding applications. At the time of writing, Haskell compiled via GHC is doing quite well in the The Computer Language Benchmarks Game, with other functional languages also ranked highly.
I already have a large application in C or C++.
Also worded as: Can I benefit from functional programming without rewriting my whole system?
Haskell has been successfully integrated into existing applications in a number of ways. HaskellDirect is an IDL (Interface Description Language) based tool that allows Haskell programs to work with software components. Low level C/C++ interfaces can be generated with Green Card or C->Haskell, allowing tight integration between Haskell and C. These tools have been used to build a large number of successful, mixed language systems.
What libraries does Haskell support?
Many software libraries have been developed for Haskell. See the list of Haskell libraries for a list of much of what is available.
What other software tools for Haskell are there?
Glasgow Haskell comes with a profiler which allows you to find which parts of your program are consuming most time and space. Chalmers Haskell has a space-profiling tool, and a quasi-parallel simulator which allows you to experiment with running your program in parallel. Hugs also has some similar tools. For a complete list, check the tools page.
How can I ask for help?
There is a large community of Haskell users willing to help. They can be contacted on mailing lists, IRC, or Stack Overflow.
Can I get a support contract or a help-line?
It used to be the case that if you wanted help, you had to persuade a Haskell research group that your problem was interesting enough or important enough that they should spend time helping you for free.
Whilst that is still an option, there is now a directory of Haskell Consultants who provide:
- Support for compilers, tools and libraries.
- Help with improving code quality (time, space, robustness, maintainability, etc.) using code reviews and tools.
- Help with using libraries, tools and advanced Haskell features such as type system extensions, exception handling, the foreign function interface, test harnesses, and concurrency.
- Library and application development.
- Staff training.
These companies and individuals tend to work closely with those developing Haskell (indeed, they have usually made major contributions to Haskell themselves).
How can I learn Haskell?
The easiest way to learn Haskell is with a textbook. There are a lot of online tutorials, but you'll have a much easier time to learn the basics from a book. After all, Haskell is very different from traditional mainstream languages, it's like learning programming anew.
Comparisons to other languages
Click to see a table comparing features of Haskell to similar languages
Based on a paper by Simon Peyton Jones.


text:
The Boston Marathon's medical tent last Monday was filled with exhausted and dehydrated runners, but the atmosphere had started to turn festive as the race wound down.
Then the bombs went off.
"The first patients you see are a double amputee and this woman they were doing compressions on," says Emi Larsen, a nurse who volunteered at the tent. "It was sheer panic."
But the panic subsided. A medical coordinator named John Andersen offered instructions over a public address system in a calm voice, reminding the doctors and nurses, "This is what you've all been trained to do."
Every medical center in Boston had a protocol in place for coping with some sort of major public safety event. Personnel at the scene were able to work with the equipment they had and do triage to send patients to the right hospitals, so no facility was overloaded.
"First responders include hospitals, which people don't normally think of," says Frank Cilluffo, director of the Homeland Security Policy Institute at George Washington University.
The Boston Marathon bombing was the largest homeland security operation the nation had seen since the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, 2001. Hindsight will doubtless reveal some flaws, Cilluffo says, but he and other experts are giving the response effort in Boston high marks.
"We've learned as we've gone along," says Lee Hamilton, a former Democratic congressman from Indiana who co-chaired the 9/11 Commission. "We've had several disasters since 9/11 and we seem to be improving."
Command And Control
You can't prepare for an extraordinary event on the fly. Boston had engaged in two city-wide disaster drills over the past two years.
"One of the big changes is the fact that the first responders at every level — federal, state, local — have these protocols and they know what is expected of them before the incident occurs," says Rudy deLeon, senior vice president of national security and international policy at the Center for American Progress.
Carrying out the investigation and Friday's daylong lockdown of the Boston area was the result of close coordination not only between the FBI and state and local police, but also other agencies such as the Secret Service. Part of the "package" that came with federal involvement, says deLeon, was a Navy bomb squad stationed in Newport, R.I.
All these various entities seemed able to speak with one voice throughout the week.
"Normally, in an event like this, you'll hear about friction over who's in charge and who's coordinating," says Rick "Ozzie" Nelson, who worked on terrorism issues with the National Security Council. "We haven't heard any of that."
The various agencies were also able to enlist the help of the wider public, first in tracking down images of the event and then in using them to help identify the suspects.
"Law enforcement has made this transition to the digital environment," says deLeon, a former Defense Department official. "Once the name is identified, they have Facebook and YouTube and you are suddenly able to look at all of this digital forensics."
Prepared To Be Flexible
By definition, an event such as this is chaotic. Although planning is paramount, some flexibility is needed. Preparation makes that possible.
Members of the National Guard were in place to help monitor the race. Once the bombs went off, two Guardsmen were among the first people tearing down the fence along Boylston Street that was separating help from the injured.
Later in the evening, the Guard helped the police force create the perimeter around the crime scene. All their various training and capacities kicked in as needed throughout the day.
"What we're seeing is how in the middle of one of the biggest cities in America how quickly you can deploy, so that if an event happens at 3 p.m., by 6 all these pieces are fitting into place," deLeon says.
Offering A Reminder
Hamilton notes that he and his fellow 9/11 Commission co-chair, former GOP Gov. Tom Kean of New Jersey, have "testified constantly" that an incident like this was bound to occur.
"We had a decade of no bombs going off, although we had some close calls," he says. "The event in Boston will bring into focus the security problem for every major event now for many months to come."
Hamilton counts that as a positive development. He notes that homeland security had lost much of its salience as a political topic in recent years.
The type of training and other preparation that appears to have made the response to the bombing in Boston essential is vulnerable, like most federal programs these days, to larger questions about the budget.
"At a time when these budgets are getting tight, you saw here in a real-world situation how these processes save lives," says Cilluffo of George Washington University. "This can't be done on game day. It takes time to build up these capacities."
Questions Of Prevention
If the response to the bombings in Boston has largely been applauded, one aspect of the aftermath will be questions about whether such a thing could have been prevented.
It may be difficult. People who reside in the country for long periods of time, leading seemingly normal lives, are inherently harder to guard against than threats from abroad.
"The important thing is not to take the wrong lessons from this event, that because something like this has happened, we're not going to allow backpacks," says Nelson, now the vice president for business development at Cross Match Technologies, a biometrics company.
Some people will inevitably ask whether the country is wasting billions of dollars, Nelson says, when individuals can still build destructive bombs from plans downloaded from the Internet.
But an open, public event such as the Boston Marathon can never be completely secure. You can never protect everyone everywhere at all times, says Hamilton.
"Here you have two fellows walking right through the middle of the crowd with law enforcement all around them," he says. "You cannot check everybody along a 26-mile route."
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Cybercrime is a threat to all the organizations, but when we take in consideration the financial market the level of menace increases exponentially. Today banks and other financial organizations face the need of providing the bestincreases exponentially. Today banks and other financial organizations face the need of providing the best possible services in the best possible way and reachable by everyone everywhere. We are watching to a spread of different products and services being available through the use.
By 2030—little more than a decade from now—the global economy will likely be in the midst of a major transformation. Companies and investors grapple with changing conditions constantly, but our research points to an unusual level of volatility in the decades ahead. To understand why, we look at the three major forces that will shape the 2020s: demographics, automation and inequality. These forces are already in motion and set to collide.
The New Rules for Marketing Your Brand
Consumer products marketing has experienced a profound change over the last 5 to 10 years, from a world dominated by large global brands and established TV and big-box retail models to a world that's quickly much more complex, with a proliferation of brands, channels and marketing tools. Technology's disrupted the industry in three ways. Firstly, it's disrupted the way consumers engage with brands. In the UK and the US now, over 60% of consumers discover brands.
There are five areas that we encourage CMOs to look at. The first is, what are my future-back platforms that will lead growth for the next 5 to 10 years? Taking today's profit pools and forecasting them present forward just won't capture the level of disruption that's impacting these industries.
"There are no secrets to success. It is the result of preparation, hard work, and learning failure."
Secondly, given those growth platforms, what is the brand portfolio, business portfolio that I'll use to address them? Brand portfolio strategy is definitely rising in importance. And thirdly, when I'm clear on those platforms and those brands, how am I going to implement modern marketing to engage with the consumer? We're seeing an extreme rise in profitable growth from the clients that we're supporting to reset their marketing model. But that isn't straightforward. So actually, areas four and five are enablers. Four, what's the data and technology strategy and the roadmap to implement that? The leaders are owning their own data, refreshing it constantly and, more importantly, using it to inform the business decisions. And they're making the technology that underpins that a priority.


text: Use this randomly generated list as your call list when playing the game. There is no need to say the BINGO column name. Place some kind of mark (like an X, a checkmark, a dot, tally mark, etc) on each cell as you announce it, to keep track. You can also cut out each item, place them in a bag and pull words from the bag.


text:
Sunday, April 22, 2012
Flower Wall Art
75 comments:
- Jill said...
Beautiful picture Ellen! Did you use paper or fabric scraps for the petals..
I hope your shoulder is getting better!
Thanks for linking to a Round Tuit!
Hope you have a fabulous week!
Jill @ Creating my way to Success
http://www.jembellish.blogspot.com/ - April 22, 2012 at 6:17 PM
- Alecia @ ChickenScratch NY said...
This is beautiiful! I love all the colors and patterns you used. Thanks for sharing,
Alecia @ ChickenScratchNY.com - April 22, 2012 at 6:47 PM
- Sam I Am...... said...
Very nice! It looks like a fun project too. I hope you feel better!
- April 22, 2012 at 7:19 PM
- Roslyn said...
Really beautiful!
- April 22, 2012 at 7:37 PM
- Jenny said...
That is so cute...I am your newest follower from the networking blog hop! I would love if you would stop by my blog and if you like what you see follow back :)
Modern Modest Beauty - April 22, 2012 at 8:11 PM
- The Better Baker said...
VERY pleasant to the eye...thanks for sharing.
- April 22, 2012 at 8:48 PM
- Kaysi @ Keeping it Simple said...
I love love LOVE this!! I actually have a canvas at home, I might do this!!
- April 22, 2012 at 8:57 PM
- LifeLessOrdinary said...
Hi, I'm stopping by from the blog hop. Just wanted to tell you how much I love your flower wall art and the doily banner you made. Thanks for the source on bias tape...I need some :) I'm one of your Linky followers.
Shasta @InTheOldRoad
http://intheoldroad.blogspot.com/ - April 22, 2012 at 9:35 PM
- Unknown said...
this is beautiful! stopping by from the blog hop :)
- April 22, 2012 at 10:22 PM
- Claudine from ReStory.ca said...
SO you covered all with modpodge after you glued with craft glue? - April 22, 2012 at 10:29 PM
- cgammeter said...
Hi Ellen: I'm Connie at http://hotflashncraftn.blogspot.com/, your new GF friend. I would love it if you stop by and be mine, too.
I followed over via hop party!
I live your version better then the one you got idea from. Thanks for sharing. - April 22, 2012 at 11:32 PM
- Fay said...
It's gorgeous!
- April 23, 2012 at 4:30 AM
- Unknown said...
Gorgeous - I love all the different fabric - thanks so much for sharing!
- April 23, 2012 at 4:44 AM
- Debra Kapellakis said...
This is pretty. thank you
- April 23, 2012 at 5:56 AM
- Kristine@thefoleyfam said...
SO pretty!! Love the colors you choose and can't wait to try this! Featuring you on my networks :) Feel free to grab a featured button because you rock! Thanks for linkin up!!
- April 23, 2012 at 10:23 AM
- Kelly @ NJ History said...
I love that!
- April 23, 2012 at 11:09 AM
- Gina @ MoneywiseMoms said...
Very pretty! I bet scrapbook paper would work if you don't have fabric around.
- April 23, 2012 at 12:45 PM
- Rustown Mom said...
I love it - I'm pinning your post so I can do one this summer (:
- April 23, 2012 at 4:06 PM
- Julie said...
I am inviting you to come and be part of Show Your Stuff blog hop:
http://juliejewels1.blogspot.com/2012/04/show-your-stuff-20.html - April 23, 2012 at 5:12 PM
- HannahW said...
Gorgeous!! Here is my Making Monday Marvelous link: http://likemamalikedaughter.blogspot.com/2012/04/crafting-on-with-needle-and-thread.html
- April 23, 2012 at 6:11 PM
- Chrissy + Nate said...
Great work! I'm "pinning" this for my own Pinterest!
- April 23, 2012 at 8:05 PM
- Crafty Texas Girl said...
Thanks for linking up to Cowgirl Up! Love the look of your art. It would be so cute in a nursery too!
:) Samantha @ Crafty Texas Girls - April 23, 2012 at 9:53 PM
- A Few Pennies said...
Very pretty; the black background makes the design show up beautifully.
- April 23, 2012 at 10:36 PM
- SayNotSweetAnne said...
This is a great way to make coordinating art on a dime. I really love the canvas idea but I think the same flower/paper scraps technique could be easily framed or decoupaged onto wood- oh the possibilities! Imagine decorating a book cover this way with scraps from graduation cards , as a going away to college keepsake? If you're not too busy, I'd love if you would come link up to Sweet Sharing Monday! http://saynotsweetanne.com/2012/sweet-sharing-monday-2/
- April 24, 2012 at 8:02 AM
- Alison Meade said...
This turned out beautiful! Thanks for sharing at Beautify It Monday! We hope we'll see you again next week!
- April 24, 2012 at 4:52 PM
- Lisa @ Flour Me With Love said...
This is beautiful! Thanks so much for sharing at Mix it up Monday :)
- April 24, 2012 at 8:07 PM
- Mindie Hilton said...
- This comment has been removed by the author.
- April 24, 2012 at 8:25 PM
- Mindie Hilton said...
I love your wall art. The flower is beautiful.
- April 24, 2012 at 8:26 PM
- Crafty Mischief said...
Beautiful! I love this!
- April 24, 2012 at 10:14 PM
- Joselyn @ The DIY Spot said...
It's so pretty! Love the colors. Hope you feel better soon.
- April 24, 2012 at 10:32 PM
- Fonda @Southern Scraps said...
That turned out great! Perfect project for paper or fabric scraps.
- April 25, 2012 at 5:31 AM
- Shiloh said...
So pretty! I think I want to do something like this with my daughter's "art" Thanks so much for reminding me.:)
- April 25, 2012 at 10:44 AM
- Shiloh said...
So pretty! I think I want to do something like this with my daughter's "art" Thanks so much for reminding me.:)
- April 25, 2012 at 10:44 AM
- Linda @ it all started with paint said...
That is just so pretty! Love how it turned out ... and hope you're feeling better.
Linda - April 25, 2012 at 12:23 PM
- Debra Howard said...
Oooooooo that turned out so pretty. Such nice colors too.
Debbie - April 25, 2012 at 6:14 PM
- Debra Howard said...
Oooooooo that turned out so pretty. Such nice colors too.
Debbie - April 25, 2012 at 6:14 PM
- Crystal said...
Beautiful! Love the colors you have used. :-)
- April 25, 2012 at 8:05 PM
- Scobell Expressions said...
This is beautiful. It reminds me a lot of a watercolor bird that I created in Illustrator. I'm going to pin this so I can remember to make it some day :)
I'm going to follow your blog, if you are interested I would love for you to follow me back :) - April 25, 2012 at 10:00 PM
- Maureen said...
Very Nice!
Just found you through Blue Cricket Design and will have to come back sometime.
Maureen - April 25, 2012 at 10:05 PM
- There Was a Crooked House said...
Love it!
- April 26, 2012 at 12:11 AM
- Stacey said...
So pretty!
Would love if you came by to link up to my party!
Stacey of Embracing Change
http://staceyembracingchange.blogspot.com - April 26, 2012 at 9:58 PM
- Amy Fountain said...
Lovely work! This is truly creative.
- April 26, 2012 at 10:21 PM
- Rachel said...
Love all the colors together. Very pretty!
Thanks for sharing at Terrific Tuesdays.
adventuresofadiymom.blogspot.com - April 26, 2012 at 11:09 PM
- Ann said...
A gorgeous work of art. Such a wonderful idea. I love all the colors and how they work together. When I saw the thumbnail of this, I did think it was fabric. And, you're right, this would be a great way for me to make good use of my millions of fabric scraps. Thanks for sharing.
- April 27, 2012 at 7:15 AM
- Unknown said...
ooh, that turned out just gorgeous, Ellen! Love it! I'm going to pin it to try later. Thanks for sharing at Shine on Fridays!
- April 27, 2012 at 7:29 AM
- Shannah @ Just Us Four said...
This is a great project! I love the colors! Would you consider linking it up to my Pinworthy Projects Linky Party over at Just Us Four?
- April 27, 2012 at 12:49 PM
- Katie @ Little Becky Homecky said...
This is gorgeous! I would love for you to link it up at Fantabulous Friday#10 going on now! Linking up enters you for a chance to win free ad space on my blog! Hope you'll swing by for a visit!
http://www.littlebeckyhomecky.com/2012/04/fantabulous-friday10/ - April 27, 2012 at 3:59 PM
- Jill @ Create.Craft.Love. said...
Beautiful! Would love if you stopped by and linked up to the Pomp Party!
Jill @ Create.Craft.Love. - April 27, 2012 at 5:44 PM
- Art Is Beauty said...
I love it!! I love the texture and pattern of it.
Over from Addicted to Decorating party..
Karin - April 27, 2012 at 5:55 PM
- Jenny said...
Thanks for linking up to Lovely Things Thursday, I love it!
- April 27, 2012 at 6:50 PM
- Kim @ Too Much Time said...
This is just lovely! I have a 2 pack of canvases I had bought when they were on sale and I think I may need to "borrow" your idea for one of them. I would be super excited if you linked up over at my Anything Goes Link Party going on from 6 MST Friday till midnight Monday.
xxx, Kim - April 27, 2012 at 7:50 PM
- Carol, The Answer Is Chocolate said...
I. LOVE. THIS! And what a great way to use up scraps. This is such a great piece!
- April 27, 2012 at 9:13 PM
- Erika said...
Special and beautiful wall art, very creative, thank you.
- April 28, 2012 at 10:48 AM
- Megan@Whimsically Homemade said...
Cool! Great idea. Now, I know what to do with that canvas I have stuffed into my closet. Thanks for sharing. Now following. Love from Whimsically Homemade!
- April 28, 2012 at 11:15 AM
- Kara at Petals to Picots said...
This is a great project! So pretty! Thanks for sharing at my party!! Enjoy the rest of your weekend!
- April 28, 2012 at 3:38 PM
- Melanie @ bear rabbit bear said...
This is so gorgeous! Thanks for linking to Things I've Done Thursday!
- April 28, 2012 at 5:52 PM
- Unknown said...
Perfect!!! I'd love to have you share at my party...it JUST opened!!!
XO, Aimee - April 28, 2012 at 7:44 PM
- Amy said...
I told you how much I loved this on pinterest the other day. But I really do love it. I think I am going to have to make one for myself.
I have a canvas here too waiting for something to be done to it. - April 29, 2012 at 5:16 AM
- Sally said...
This is really beautiful! Very awesome idea!
- April 29, 2012 at 1:26 PM
- Unknown said...
Love this!
Thanks for sharing at Sunday Round Up.
new follower - April 29, 2012 at 4:34 PM
- Jami said...
Thanks for linking up to the Tuesday To Do Party! Hope you'll come again this week! This month's Pretty Packages party is now up for any of your lovely wrapped gifts!
www.blackberryvine.blogspot.com - April 29, 2012 at 7:42 PM
- Kitty B said...
You were featured this week for the Tute Tuesday linkup as the most visited link! Thanks for linking- LOVE this project!
http://threeyearsofdeath.blogspot.com/2012/04/tute-tuesday-link-up-12.html - April 30, 2012 at 8:34 PM
- Ruthanne said...
sooo cute!!
- May 1, 2012 at 12:20 AM
- Six Sisters said...
This is beautiful! Thanks for coming to our "Strut Your Stuff Saturday." We hope you'll be back soon! -The Sisters
- May 1, 2012 at 10:15 AM
- email@example.com said...
Featuring you tonight! :)
Ginger @ gingersnapcrafts.com
http://www.gingersnapcrafts.com/2012/05/wow-me-wednesday-49.html - May 1, 2012 at 7:31 PM
- GStepmom said...
Beautiful! Wouldn't this be gorgeous in Peacock Fabrics.
- May 3, 2012 at 6:09 PM
- Erin said...
Beautiful! I love that you used paper too. I have A LOT of paper, so I'm always up for a paper project!
takingtimetocreate.blogspot.com - May 3, 2012 at 6:37 PM
- Unknown said...
WOW! This is FANTASTIC! XO, Aimee
- May 3, 2012 at 9:19 PM
- Taylor @ Pink Heels Pink Truck said...
Thank you for linking up to my Unveil Your Genius Linky last week! New link party is live: http://taylornorris.blogspot.com/2012/05/unveil-your-genius-link-party-9.html
- May 4, 2012 at 12:37 AM
- Michele said...
Great job. I would have centered the flower and it wouldn't have come out anywhere near as pretty as yours. So glad I came across your post. Am Pinning as now I finally have some ideas for some plain canvases I had picked up in my travels.
- May 4, 2012 at 10:28 AM
- - Brittany aka Pretty Handy Girl said...
Ellen, how beautiful! I like how you made it your own with a unique color palette. I say you need to take one picture down and hang this artwork up in a prominent place! Thanks for sharing in the DIY Talent Parade.
- May 6, 2012 at 4:50 PM
- Waseem said...
pleasant to eye...Did you use paper for petals?
Send Flowers To Pakistan From Australia
Send Flowers To Pakistan From Australia
Send Flowers To Pakistan From Australia - May 9, 2012 at 3:36 AM
- January B said...
I LOVE this idea. Very cool
- June 3, 2012 at 12:06 PM
- Karima said...
Great job: PS I have featured you in my post as I was inspired by this picture and wanted to give credit to you for it. http://www.karimascrafts.com/2012/07/fabric-leaf-picture-tutorial.html
- July 22, 2012 at 8:16 PM
- lorraines resources and rewards said...
Love the crafts stopping by from the Blissful and Domesticated blog hop lorraine at http://lorrainesresources.blogspot.com
- July 21, 2013 at 6:41 PM


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Do you want to buy a home? (No, that isn't one of the questions.) If the answer, however, is "yes," then there are more questions you'll need to ponder before you're truly ready -- even if this is your fifteenth fix-and-flip instead of your very first home.
Before you start adding properties to your "favorite" list on your most-visited real estate portal, consider the many possible answers to these questions and then decide what's best for you. Even if you enjoy making big decisions by the seat of your pants, you'll find that a little bit of thinking and planning before taking the (huge!) step of buying a home will give you confidence that you got a good deal … and the ability to find a place that's absolutely perfect for you.
What do I want?
Homes don't just come in the single-family residence flavor -- you can buy a condo, an apartment, or a duplex, for example, and it's possible that one of those options makes more sense for you and your lifestyle today than a single-family home would.
Homes also aren't built in isolation. There will be neighbors, traffic, weather, and many other factors and features beyond your control.
What's an ideal level of neighborhood walkability for you? Would you prefer to be close to your gym or yoga studio chain, or a hiking trailhead? What kinds of schools or pet facilities are nearby? Is the area close to any large cultural or sports centers? What's the crime rate like? What's the commute like, and is there decent public transportation? Are any or all of these things good or bad for you, personally?
Only when you've taken time to thoroughly think about and narrow down the type of home and the area where you want to buy should you start thinking about other aspects of your dream home -- like the finishes, the size of the kitchen, and whether it has a big back deck or a gas range instead of an electric stove.
Some of those preferences will be just that, and some will be dealbreakers. If you've got a large-breed dog and really require a big backyard, it's okay to put that on your "must-have" list -- but try to keep that list significantly shorter than your "nice-to-have" list. You might be surprised by how your preferences shift once you begin actually looking at homes available on the market, so it's good to have some kind of idea of how important each home feature is to you and your lifestyle and also know where you have a little room to compromise.
It's smart to keep your options open at every stage of this decision-making process. If you don't have a friend who lives in the type of house and area that you're eyeing, it might be a good time to connect with a local real estate agent. They've helped people just like you buy a home before -- and they might know about perfect neighborhoods that aren't even on your radar, or which items on your must-have list are easy to implement yourself if a home doesn't currently have it.
What can I afford?
Financial experts typically advise that buyers spend no more than 30 percent of their total monthly income on housing. Another rule suggests that you spend a little more than double your annual income on a house.
Your mortgage payment is going to cover not only the cost of the home itself, but also interest on the mortgage loan, homeowners' insurance, and property taxes. And depending on the size of your down payment, you may also need to pay private mortgage insurance on your loan, too.
You can look up property tax information by county; it's calculated as a percentage of the home's value, so property tax can shift up or down depending on the housing market, but don't count on it staying steady for the 30-year duration of your loan.
A local insurance agent can also give you a good idea of what you'll be paying for homeowners' insurance on the property. And this is an area where you might actually be able to save a little money elsewhere -- if you have a car, you often will receive a discount for packaging your auto insurance and homeowners' insurance with the same carrier. You might also want to consider some ancillary insurance, like flood or earthquake insurance (and flood insurance is required on some homes).
The mortgage interest rate is going to depend on a few factors -- your current credit score and the current market mortgage rates. A loan officer can help you figure out what your current options might be and may even offer suggestions for how to improve your credit score to get a better rate while you're saving up for that down payment.
Speaking of the down payment: Don't forget that whatever you bring to the table will be applied to the home sale amount, so you probably won't be asking for a loan that's the exact price tag of the home. For example, if the home you want to buy costs $200,000 and you have $40,000 (20 percent) to put down on the home, then you'll be borrowing $160,000 from the bank instead of the full $200,000.
There are online calculators that can help you assess some of these factors, but again, here it's smart to talk to a real estate agent. An agent can also refer you to a local insurance agent and loan officer so you can start figuring out what you need to do to become a real-deal homeowner.
Am I financially prepared?
This is a tough question to answer, and it's one big reason why you might want to start talking to real estate professionals early on in the process -- there's a lot you can do to help make this purchase one of the smartest financial decisions of your life, and most of it happens before you start dreaming up that perfect place to live.
If you aren't already connected with a loan officer, start here. These people are experts in the different types of loan available to you and how you can optimize your financial standing to give you a great jumping-off point.
You may need to do some work on your credit score before you can buy, and a loan officer can also hook you up with an expert who can comb through your credit report and tell you which debts to pay off first as well as lay out a six-month plan for polishing everything until it's shiny.
And while you're working on your credit, do yourself a favor and look up what down payment programs might cater to your situation at a website like www.downpaymentresource.com. Depending on your age, state of residence, whether you're a first-time homebuyer (it still counts if you've reverted to renting for several years!), and a few other factors, you might be eligible for free money that can only be applied toward a down payment on a home. Some programs supporting responsible homeownership require recipients to attend a few classes about buying a home and how to pay off a mortgage -- but that's time well spent if the payoff is four to five figures of cold, hard cash to put down on a home.
When you feel as financially robust as possible, ask your loan officer to pre-approve you for the loan amount you can afford. This will make it possible for you to immediately place an offer on a home if you find one that you love instead of waiting for lender approval … and you've already gotten through the hard part, so you might as well make it official, right?
How do I make the best bid possible?
There's nothing like jumping through all of these hoops -- not to mention the home search process -- only to place an offer on a home and discover that you were outbid. Or, on the flip side, that you could have offered less and still been successful!
This is where a real estate agent becomes truly valuable in the process; they've seen offers that flew and offers that flopped, and they do this every day. If you're not working with an agent yet, find one and ask for some data about homes sold on the same block (ideally) or in the same neighborhood that are a comparable size, in comparable condition, and have comparable features.
An agent can also help guide you if you're about to make an offer that's bound to be rejected because it's too far below market standards -- or if you might be able to get a deal because a home has been languishing on the market for longer than normal and the sellers are reducing the price weekly.
And a good agent can also help you regroup and get back in the game if the offer on your dream home is rejected.
Sometimes a seller considers list price to be a jumping-off point in negotiating a final sale -- and sometimes that list price is set in stone and the seller isn't going to be moved. Your agent can give you a feel for whether you really were offering a number well below market expectations or whether it's more likely to be a seller's inflexibility.
When you can answer the first three questions confidently, it's time to start searching for a home -- and when you can answer the fourth effectively, you'll be walking away from the deal with keys to the front door in your hand.


text:
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You selected Leelanau county, MI Foreclosures. Leelanau county, MI currently has 0 Foreclosure & other Properties Listed. Click ''Details'' for each property to see additional real estate information about it. Otherwise, pick a county within MI to view foreclosures and other properties in that county.


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The crisis in Ukraine is raising new questions about Russia's role in the energy markets. Moscow has long used exports of oil and natural gas to win political concessions from countries on its borders. Europe gets a quarter of its natural gas from Russia.
As NPR's Jim Zarroli reports, that's making a lot of people there nervous.
JIM ZARROLI, BYLINE: Russia's oil and gas supplies are a huge part of what keeps its economy going. It gets much of its foreign reserves by heating homes and running factories in places such as Germany, Italy and the Czech Republic. That gives Russia a certain leverage over its neighbors.
DAVID GOLDWYN: Russia uses its market power to try and attract either political concessions or to coerce economic concessions out of its neighbors.
ZARROLI: David Goldwyn is a former Energy Department official who now runs his own consulting firm. He says Russia has often used a carrot and stick approach with for Soviet Republics such as Belarus, Lithuania and Ukraine.
GOLDWYN: Periodically, Russia will offer a subsidized price to Ukraine and then hike that price rapidly to market in order to pressure Ukraine into a political concession like joining its customs union or selling a part of its assets.
ZARROLI: Twice in the past decade this has provoked acrimonious disputes between the countries, prompting Russia to shut off natural gas shipments. The more recent shutoff happened in January 2009. Jeffrey Woodruff is senior director at Fitch Oil and Gas.
JEFFREY WOODRUFF: On the surface it was a commercial dispute where Gazprom, which is Russia's gas company, and Naftogaz, which is Ukraine's gas company, couldn't agree on a gas price. But some would say there were deeper geopolitical motivations that were responsible for that pricing dispute.
ZARROLI: At the time, Moscow and Ukraine were arguing about leases for Russian military bases on the Crimean peninsula. And Ukraine was making noises about trying to join NATO. Steven Pifer is a former U.S. ambassador to Ukraine. By shutting off natural gas to its neighbor, he says, Russia was trying to undermine Ukraine's leader.
STEVEN PIFER: But the problem for Gazprom is that the same pipeline system that moves gas into Ukraine is also Gazprom's main transit route to move gas through Ukraine, into Europe. And very quickly, the gas supplies going to Europe were affected.
ZARROLI: Ukraine responded by intercepting gas shipments meant for Europe. Suddenly, countries such as Hungary and Slovakia faced sharply reduced gas supplies. It was big news in Europe.
ZARROLI: The dispute was eventually resolved. And at least until the current crisis, Russia was again shipping fuel to Ukraine at below market prices. That might seem like a good thing. But Steven Pifer argues that it's hurt the country's economy. He says, Ukraine has become addicted to cheap energy.
PIFER: And as such, they don't create many incentives for domestic production, which has remained largely stagnant over the last 20 years.
ZARROLI: The 2009 shut-off still had repercussions in Europe.
PIFER: This episode made clear that they could be vulnerable to potential cutoffs when there was dispute between Russia and Ukraine that was quite beyond their control or ability to affect.
ZARROLI: Today, Europe is a lot less dependent on gas that's rooted through Ukraine. It buys more of its energy from alternative sources such as North Africa. Pifer says this actually worries Russian officials a lot.
PIFER: And they have to worry that if they do that kind of cutoff, does Europe then begin to look seriously for long-term solutions other than Gazprom?
ZARROLI: Russia has also helped build a second pipeline running to Germany through the Baltic Sea, enabling it to bypass Ukraine's pipeline if necessary. And until recently, it was in talks to build another under the Black Sea. The European market remains vitally important to Moscow however much the relationship between Russia and the West may have soured in other ways. Jim Zarroli, NPR News. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


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We are a busy but friendly school with lots going on. This website aims to give you a taster of the school, as well as providing up to date information for parents, pupils and the wider community.
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Mongolian Sheepskin Throw Rug White
Pickup available at 1 Doepel Street
Usually ready in 5+ days
Mongolian Sheepskin Throw in White - add warmth, texture and luxury to your space with this naturally silky soft sheepskin throw rug in white finish.
Luscious and luxurious, you will be forever spoilt by these gorgeous throws, available in several finishes to suit your decor.
Drape our beautifully soft Mongolian Sheepskin Throw Rug in White over your favourite bed, daybed, occasional armchair or sofa for a deeply luxurious textured finish.
Whether it's a guest room needing a touch of warmth and luxury, or that empty spot on your living room floor, our Mongolian Sheepskin Throw in White is the perfect premium quality accessory.
With its long, naturally wavy fur, this 100% ethically sourced white Mongolian Sheepskin throw adds sophistication and luxury to delightfully textured Scandinavian, modern rustic, coastal, and Hollywood Regency styles.
For more luxury, see our Mongolian Sheepskin Throw Rug in Light Grey, Mongolian Sheepskin Throw Rug in Pink Blush, or plush Mongolian Sheepskin Throw Rug in Black.
These generously proportioned premium long hair sheepskin throws provide the perfect finishing touches to our sophisticated Vintage Leather Range, adding warmth, character and comfort to your living space.
Dimensions: W160cm D90cm D5cm.
If you would like to speak to our friendly team regarding any of our products, please call us on 02 6655 0054 or email email@example.com
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Small to Medium size Homewares range: From $12.95 - $69.95
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Furniture and Homewares Store
Cargo Lane is a Furniture and Homewares Store in Bellingen, New South Wales, Australia that offers a wide range of stylish and durable furniture pieces for your home. With a focus on high-quality materials and exceptional craftsmanship. Cargo Lane has established a reputation for providing furniture that not only looks great but also stands the test of time.
Cargo Lane Collection
From cosy living rooms to functional office spaces, Cargo Lane has everything you need to make your
home a more comfortable and inviting space. Whether you prefer modern or traditional styles,
you're sure to find the pieces to bring our authentic style to your home with the Cargo Lane
What Our Customers Say...


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Pierson's Preferred Boutique Jeweler for Those Searching For Diamond Rings
Visit our West Michigan store to experience the difference.
Welcome to Juhas & Sullivan Jewelry Design.
Our amazing jewelers are here to help you choose just the right diamond rings, or timepiece to celebrate a major life event, connect you to a special occasion, or express your own character.
Our diamond rings jewelry specialists will patiently assist you through all the intricacies of selecting and finding the perfect diamond rings!
We warmly welcome you to our amazing atmosphere and view our many collections of diamond rings, fine jewelry and timepieces.
It's time you find out why so many of our customers travel from Pierson to visit our store, it's an experience you will never forget!
Our Products
What People Are Saying
"Jerry was incredible and very pleasant to work with. He was very accommodating with my fiancée who had a difficult time deciding which type of wedding band she wanted. Also, bought my first Rolex today and I am enjoying it very much! I am beyond impressed by the level of service and attention I have received. Thanks again Jerry!"
Thanh L
"Juhas and Sullivan is the only place we buy our jewelry from. My wedding ring was designed by Jeff Juhas and it's an exquisite piece of work. We have bought watches, a diamond necklace and our wedding bands from here. Both Jeff and George are fantastic to work with. You get high quality diamonds with high quality service."
Karen K
"My fiancé and I worked with Jeff, and we both think he's wonderful – the best of the best! I needed to have my engagement ring resized a couple of times, as I was unsure of how I wanted it to fit. Jeff was incredibly patient and helpful, and I can't imagine receiving better customer service. It's immediately apparent that these guys take pride in the work that they do and genuinely want the best for their customers. I wholeheartedly recommend them."
Samantha S
"George and Jeff are always so kind and welcoming into their Amazingly Gorgeous Store! Thank you for making us all sparkle!"


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Birds have recently become very popular as pets. And for good reason. They have many positive attributes, but very few negative characteristics. Many people who meet a good bird for the first time are amazed at how friendly and affectionate birds can be. They offer a great deal of companionship and will return all of the love you can give. More and more people are discovering that caged birds bring color, song or vocalization, and amusement into their lives. Many birds form strong attachments to people and make excellent companions.
We, as a society, are becoming more and more concentrated. Less and less space is available. Therefore we are forced into living in smaller dwellings. Apartment life has become the norm. This may be one of the reasons for an increased popularity in owning a pet bird. Birds do not need to be taken for walks; they are not susceptible to fleas; they do not have an odor; and most apartment complexes do not require a pet deposit for a bird. In addition, they are small, requiring less room than other pets. Another factor dictating the popularity of birds is the cost. Birds are the cheapest pet to own and manage. The initial cost of purchasing a bird varies depending on which bird you get. The monthly feeding cost is less than five dollars in most cases. In addition, they do not need costly, monthly heartworm prevention. Mites and other parasites are not a common problem. Regular maintenance is very low. Cage paper should be changed daily. Fresh food and water should be given daily, or more often if necessary. The cage should be scrubbed and disinfected weekly although their droppings have no odor. These tasks should take less that ten minutes per day and less that 45 minutes on the weekend. Birds are very clean animals.
Investigate the needs of the bird you are interested in owning. Some birds may require special seeds, fruits, or vegetables, while others need large cages. All birds require social contact.
The cost, care, and time commitment required to keep birds vary as much as individual characteristics such as color, size, personality, and life span. First-time bird owners should avoid the more expensive species. Finches, for example, are relatively easy to care for and may live only five to eight years. Canaries and budgerigars (parakeets) have a life expectancy between five and 15 years and are easy to care for; large parrots may live more than 30 years. Costs increase with traits and rarity. The cost of a male canary, for example, may be twice that of a female because only males sing. Birds of the parrot family are highly social, trainable creatures; however, large species can bite and can be expensive, ranging from $150 for a conure to more than $6,000 for a macaw.
If You Choose A Pet Bird
How much can you afford? Don't forget to factor in the cost of a cage and other equipment you will need, and ongoing costs such as food, toys, and veterinary care. Birds can be anywhere from less than a hundred dollars to many thousands of dollars. The larger or more exotic the bird, the more it will cost, and caging for large parrots can be very expensive. Avoid the temptation to take a bargain-priced bird; a healthy hand-raised bird is well worth the cost in the long run.
How much time do you have to spend with your bird on a daily basis? If you don't have a lot of time, re-think getting a single parrot (this includes cockatiels and budgies). Finches or a canary might be a better choice if you are not home much. You must also consider the commitment needed to care for your bird over its whole life span. Larger parrots have long expected life spans (50 years or more) and some bond so closely with their owners that adapting to a new home can be difficult.
Noise Level
Parrots often screech. There is no way around that, so if you live in an apartment or townhouse, a large parrot may not make you popular with your neighbors (especially very loud parrots such as cockatoos and macaws). Similarly, if you don't handle noise well, some birds may not be a good fit for you. Budgies, cockatiels and lovebirds can be fairly noisy in their own way, but not as loud as larger parrots. Finches, doves, and canaries are better choices if noise is a concern.
How much space do you have for a cage? You can't skimp on cage size; even smaller birds like finches and canaries need sizable cages because they generally only get exercise within their cages. The larger the bird, the larger the cage needed. Parrots (including budgies and cockatiels) will also need time outside of the cage for extra exercise. It is good to give larger parrots a special space of their own outside the cage, such as a play gym or stand.
Mess and Destruction
Birds can be messy (for example, when eating), and it is not always easily contained in the cage. Also, some produce lots of feather dust (a fine white powder produced by special feathers, most notable with cockatiels and cockatoos as well as pigeons and doves). Parrots are also fond of chewing, so you will need to thoroughly bird proof your home for times outside of the cage, not only to protect your belonging from destruction but to prevent injury or poisoning to your bird.
Most species of pet parrot require a diet made up of pre-formulated diets (e.g. pellets), a variety of fresh foods such as greens, sprouted seeds, grains and fruits, along with some seeds (generally, the larger the parrot the fewer seeds that should be fed). Some birds (e.g. lories, toucans) require very specialized diets, but some (finches, canaries, doves) have less complicated dietary needs. Find out exactly what your selected species of bird requires and decide if you can provide it.
How much do you want to interact with your bird? Some birds do not really take to handling (e.g. finches and canaries), while others bond very tightly to their owners and can be quite cuddly (e.g. cockatoos, some other large parrots). If you do want a bird you can interact with socially, you need to be be able to commit the time to do so, as the more social birds can be very demanding of attention and resort to neurotic behavior if denied the interaction that they need.
Talking and Training
Many people choose parrots for their ability to talk. While certain species are renowned for their talking and mimicry ability, think twice if that is your motivation to get a parrot. Even within species known for speech, the ability to talk varies between individuals. However, most parrot species are intelligent and can be trained to do various tricks and behaviors. Even some of the smaller parrots can be trained to whistle tunes and can be quite entertaining.
Please read on to learn more about some of the bird species you could consider for a pet.
- Budgies
Category: Choosing Your Pet, Birds
Budgies (budgerigars) are an extremely popular pet bird, and for good reason. These small parrots make delightful pets, and are usually friendly and easy to tame. While they can sometimes be difficult to understand, they are quite capable of mimicking speech. Budgies are sometimes also called parakeets
- Canaries
Category: Choosing Your Pet, Birds
The Canary species is called Serinus canaria and is actually a member of the finch family, native to the Canary Islands. The wild canary is greenish yellow over most of their body with yellow underparts. The domestic canary comes in an array of bright colors and can live up to 10 years. Male canaries
- Cockatiels
Category: Choosing Your Pet, Birds
Cockatiels are among the most popular pet birds. Small parrots with a variety of color patterns and a crest, they are attractive as well as friendly and easy to tame. Because of their small size, cockatiel care and taming is easier than some other parrot species. They are capable of mimicking speech,
- Lovebirds
Category: Choosing Your Pet, Birds
Lovebirds are very social and form deep bonds with their owners. If you are short on time to spend with your lovebird, then it is best to get him or her a companion. There are several species of lovebirds, such as the genus Agapornis. But the most commonly found species in the pet trade include peach
- Zebra Finches
Category: Choosing Your Pet, Birds
In general, finches have an expected lifespan of anywhere from 5-15 years. The wide range here can probably be attributed to species differences as well as an increased understanding of their husbandry, especially diet. Zebra finches are arguably the most popular bird species found in the North American
- African Grey Parrots
Category: Choosing Your Pet, Birds
There are two subspecies of African grey parrot commonly found in the pet trade – the Congo African grey (Psittacus erithacus erithacus) and the Timneh African grey (Psittacus erithacus timneh). The Congo African grey is slightly larger than the Timneh, and has bright red tail feathers. The Timneh's


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A summary of what Boca Raton has to offer.
Multi-cultural Miami might be best known for its soft sandy edges and splash parties, but venture inland long enough to enjoy the area's historic Art Deco architecture, contemporary arts scene and museum selection between bar-hopping and moonlighting at local clubs.
Searchable list of Boca Raton tour companies, guides and outfitters, rental companies and more.
Full information on Boca Raton Tourist Attractions, Scenic Drives and other easy vacation activities…
Searchable listings of Boca Raton hotels, motels, resorts, bed & breakfast, and more.
Searchable listings of Boca Raton RV parks and campgrounds.
Use our easy Lodging Search to find exactly the type of accommodation you are looking for at the right price.
Transportation companies, driving directions and more for Boca Raton.
Boca Raton weather report, historic temperatures and climate info,…
Searchable lists of Boca Raton tourism offices and other helpful government agencies.
Explore destinations near Boca Raton.
Print formatted directions.
Switch to Mobile Browser Mode
We offer a compact version of Go-Florida for mobile users, allowing you to access just the information you need on the road. Of course, you can still use the full version of Go-Florida on your mobile device just as you can on your desktop.
Continue to Mobile Site Return to Main Site


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Well, I've just learned from a reader that one Fred recently experienced "woo-hoo-hoo-hoo-us interruptus" when he was stopped by Seattle police for going 42mph, a mere 4mph shy of terminal Fredly velocity:
Nevertheless, the cyclist was still rather pleased with himself:
As the cyclist involved… I figure I should give my 2 cents.
I was fine with being pulled over. I could have gotten a ticket and would have been OK with it; however, the SUV gaining on me from behind should have also been given a ticket. Going 42 (and by the way… why does everyone assume I was going downhill) on Admiral just keeps you with the flow of traffic. This morning, I was going about 30 mph and had a car zoom past on the right hand side and cut over right in front of me just before the merge to Spokane. Like it or not, it's safer for a bike to break the speed limit and keep up with traffic (if possible) than to try to obey the law.
The officer was nice about the whole situation (and seemed to get a kick out of pulling over a bike). He said he had been looking for a bike to pull over for a while (apparently, I was the first going fast enough). He told me he was careful to write a neat contact report so that I could frame it. If only I had known I was going to be clocked…
They say that, if you listened carefully, you could hear Evans's "Woo-hoo-hoo-hoos!" as he hit WHHHS-1 on the penultimate stage.
And now, I'm pleased to present you with a quiz. As always, study the item, think, and click on your answer. If you're right you'll go "Woo-hoo-hoo-hoo!," and if you're wrong you'll see a recumbent wedding.


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PROFILE: The Daily Star is a daily tabloid "red top" newspaper first published in 1978. The paper was launched from Manchester and initially circulated only in the North and Midlands. It was conceived by the then-owners of Express Newspapers, Trafalgar House, to take on the strength of the Daily Mirror and Sun in the north. The Daily Star is owned by Express Newspapers and predominately focuses on stories largely revolving around celebrities, sport, and news and gossip about popular television programmes, such as soap operas and reality TV shows. Unlike most national newspapers, the Daily Star has limited articles on politics and has rarely shown clear support for any specific party or leader; though in the run-up to the 2010 general election the newspaper printed several articles which hinted that it wanted to see Labour and Gordon Brown voted out of power. The paper often gives positive coverage to the anti-Islamic English Defence League. Profile extracted from Wikipedia and used under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.
Circulation: 692,157 (April 2011) Political Outlook: Right-Wing, Pro-Conservative See our UK Newspaper Guide. See All Newspaper Front Pages from UK for 12 September 2020 or Today


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CEP Compression is the sports brand of medi GmbH & Co; headquartered in Bayreuth, Germany. CEP Compression offers a collection of shorts, tights, shirts, socks and sleeves for running, biking, triathlon, soccer, basketball, handball, ice hockey, riding, golf and a wide variety of other sports.
CEP products enhance performance and recovery through the targeted use of compression to improve blood circulation and speed up lactate metabolism. CEP offers the right product for every athlete to achieve a perfect balance between health and performance. The superior quality of our products is guaranteed by our unmatched expertise and German production facilities.


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After receiving complaints that a billboard advertisement included an image resembling Adolf Hitler, JC Penney has reportedly taken the sign down. The move came after images of the billboard in California's Culver City spurred a controversy on Reddit and elsewhere online. The retailer says any resemblance to the late leader of the Third Reich was unintended.
"Several customers have taken to the Web to complain about a J.C. Penney billboard that's next to the 405 Freeway in Culver City," reported the Without A Net blog at member station KPCC Tuesday. "The problem: It kind of looks like Hitler."
Citing ABC-7 in Los Angeles, KPCC says the billboard has now been removed. The item is also no longer on the JC Penney website, although that could be because it has sold out.
The billboard promoted the Bells and Whistles Stainless Steel Tea Kettle, part of the store's collection by designer Michael Graves. But to some, the image of the kettle included dark details that could be taken to represent Hitler's iconic black mustache, parted hair, tie, and right arm raise in a Nazi salute.
"Totally unintentional." a JC Penney rep tweeted in response to a question about the kettle and the ad yesterday. "If we'd designed the kettle to look like something, we would've gone w/a snowman :)" The tweet included an image to illustrate their point.
But elsewhere on Twitter and other sites, people took to playing a game of sorts: reworking the lyrics of "I'm A Little Teapot" to include references to Hitler.
On JC Penney's Facebook page, at least one person didn't see what the fuss was about.
"People are so stupid!" said a customer named Leigh Anne. "That teapot doesn't look like Hitler anymore than I do."
In a poll, KPCC's readers were divided, with nearly 31 percent (as of noon EDT Wednesday) saying "Yes" to the question, "Does this JC Penney billboard in Culver City look like Hitler?"
Nearly a quarter of respondents said, "No, people are just imagining things."
As Without A Net's Mike Roe reports, "The item's notoriety also means that it sold out to all the Internet fans buying it ironically. (We hope they were purchasing it ironically.)"
Mike noted that while the kettle was no longer available online, reviews of it had been posted, including one that lauded its ability to boil water. Under "Cons," however, the customer had written, "Looks like Hitler."
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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Iridescent Finish
Includes the world famous Zippo Lifetime Guarantee
Shipping Rates
- Expedited Shipping (2-3 business days): From $8.99
- Standard Shipping (3-5 business days): FREE
Shipping Carriers (United States Only)
- United States Postal Service
- United Parcel Service
Processing Time
Please allow 1-2 business days for orders to be processed and shipped. In the event of a delay in shipping your order, you will be notified.
International Shipping
Unfortunately we are unable to ship any orders outside of the United States.
You want a lighter that reflects your interests and style, you can find it here. Lucas Lighters is dedicated to providing a wide selection of uniquely designed Zippo lighters. We sell only quality products backed by the Zippo lifetime product guarantee.
Our first online storefront opened in 1997. The success of our company is built on an online shopping experience based on responsive customer service and specialty products lines. We invite your feedback and ideas and appreciate your business.


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The Lovers
Integrate two potential realities or let go of one of them.
Although it has taken on a strictly romantic revision of meaning in some modern decks, traditionally The Lovers Tarot card reflected the challenges of choosing a partner. At a crossroads, one cannot take both paths. The images on this card in different decks have varied more than most, because we have had so many ways of looking at sex and relationships across cultures and centuries.
Classically, the energy of this card reminded us of the real challenges posed by romantic relationships, with the protagonist often shown in the act of making an either-or choice. To partake of a higher ideal often requires sacrificing the lesser option. The path of pleasure eventually leads to distraction from spiritual growth. The gratification of the personality eventually gives way to a call from spirit as the soul matures.
Modern decks tend to portray the feeling of romantic love with this card, showing Adam and Eve at the gates of Eden when everything was still perfect. This interpretation portrays humanity before the fall, and can be thought to imply a different sort of choice -- the choice of evolution over perfection, or the choice of personal growth through relationship -- instead of a fantasy where everything falls into place perfectly and is taken care of without effort.
In the Advice Position
Creative compromise helps you accept your commitments fully.
The card in the Advice position suggests a course of action which will harmonize what you want with what is currently possible.
The Lovers card advises that you study your options and make the wisest choice. Carefully consider your long-term interests. There is no judgment on what you choose to keep from the array of possibilities before you. Just watch out for choices that will produce dissatisfaction and discontent.
Be willing to make some compromises, then stick with the commitments you finally make. Trust your intuition along with your rational intellect, and once you make your choice, carry it out with conviction.


text: It may make financial sense for you to sell your current vehicle and purchase one with better gas mileage. Taking into account the monthly savings at the pump, the financial question is how many months it may take you to recover the out-of-pocket costs you incur when purchasing a new vehicle. Use this calculator to estimate your potential breakeven period.


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Hiroki Kuroda (11-13, 3.27) vs. Jeff Francis (4-6, 4.71).
COMMENTS: One day, perhaps a few months from now, I'll realize that even a meaningless regular-season game can be something to look forward to. However, I do not feel that way today. Is it bad that I'm looking forward to this weekend's Padres-Giants matchup more than anything the Dodgers are doing? Ugh.


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Why are my teeth sensitive?
Sensitive teeth often come from the fact that your gums have slightly receded. This recession of the gum line allows the underlying dentin to show through which allows water and food easier access to the sensitive nerve. To manage this, there are a number of toothpastes, gels and even some dental procedures that can be applied. Speak to us in more detail if you have very sensitive teeth.
What should I do to prevent gum disease and tooth decay?
Great teeth and gum care start at home. Brushing and flossing on a daily basis is the best way to take care of your teeth and gums on a continual basis. By keeping to a daily routine you will greatly minimize the risk of gingivitis or tooth decay as you age.
What is Gingivitis?
Gingivitis is a condition caused when bacteria surrounds the teeth and enters the gums. The gums can become irritated, inflamed and often bleed. In order to prevent the condition from worsening, regular hygiene visits are highly recommended. During your visit, our Hygiene team will teach you the proper flossing techniques and Oral Hygiene protocol for Home Care will prevent the Periodontal Disease.
What is Periodontal Disease?
Periodontal Disease is a quiet disease that begins with little or no symptoms. It is caused by bacteria that surrounds the teeth and enters the gums. The immediate condition is known as 'gingivitis'. The gums become irritated, inflamed and often bleed. If not properly treated, the condition worsens. Noticeable symptoms now appear. They include:
- Bad Breath
- Gum Recession
- Gum Sensitivity to Acidic Foods
- Abscesses
- Tooth Pain
- Tooth Loss
How Do You Treat Periodontal Disease?
Periodontal Disease is a chronic condition that needs immediate attention. Through a series of Periodontal Cleanings, Root Planing & Scaling, Laser Therapy and Local Antibiotics, this condition can be controlled. Periodontal Surgery is only necessary for severe cases.
What is the Difference Between a White Filling and a Silver Filling?
Silver Fillings known as Amalgam have been around for decades. Made from a metal alloy, it was the best restoration for fillings. The metal expands and contracts with the heat and cold placed in the mouth. This allowed for little bacteria to enter a tooth once filled; keeping the tooth healthy and strong.
White Fillings, also known as composites are often made of plastic or glass polymers. These cosmetic fillings allow us to fill a cavity with a substance that will look and feel just like your existing tooth structure. This restoration is created with a resin material and fits tightly into a tooth to prevent decay. Rather than a gray or silver material in your mouth, the composite color will match the tooth color.
How Can I Improve My Smile?
There are several ways in today's Dental World to enhance your smile. Certain procedures include:
- Tooth Whitening
- Bonding
- Porcelain Veneers
- Porcelain Crowns
We have the capability to improve your smile using all or some of these procedures. For an exact consultation, please contact our office so that we may provide you with a customized treatment plan.
What is Tooth Whitening?
Tooth Whitening is a cost effective and safe procedure to create a beautiful, healthy smile. Over the years, fluoride is has been added to the whitening product. This reduces the risk of tooth and gum sensitivity.
Tooth Whitening must be monitored by your dentist and only done after a comprehensive exam and hygiene cleaning.
The whitening process can last for a number of years if maintained properly. Beverages such as coffee, tea, cola and wine will reduce the lasting effect. Remember, if it could stain a white shirt, it will stain your smile!
What is Bonding?
Bonding is a cost effective procedure used to fill gaps in front teeth and to change a tooth's color. The immediate results are amazing. Within a few hours, you will have a great smile! Bonding like Tooth Whitening may change color over time due to coffee, tea, cola and wine.
What are Porcelain Veneers?
Porcelain Veneers are thin pieces of porcelain that go directly on your natural teeth. This entire procedure can take as few as two visits. Veneers change the size, shape and color of a patient's teeth. This procedure is used to repair fractured teeth, teeth darkened by age or medication, or a crooked smile. Many times, patients ask for Porcelain Veneers to simply feel and look younger with a straighter, whiter smile!
What are Crowns?
Crowns are a permanent cosmetic procedure that covers the entire tooth. It will change the size, shape and color of the teeth in as few as 2 visits.
What is a Dental Implant?
A Dental Implant is a "man-made" replacement for a missing tooth or tooth root. Made from titanium, this screw-like object is inserted under the gum and directly into the upper or lower jaw bone. There is usually minimal discomfort involved with this procedure. After a period of a few months, the Dental Implant and the bone fuse together. This creates an anchor for the new tooth to be placed onto the dental implant.
What are the Benefits of Dental Implants?
- Dental Implants look and function like your natural tooth.
- Dental Implants are a permanent solution for missing teeth.
- Dental Implants are maintained by routine hygiene visits to your dental office.
- Dental Implants decrease the possibility of bone loss, periodontal disease, tooth movement, and further tooth loss.
- Dental Implants replace the need for a Removable Full or Partial Denture.
- Dental Implants focus only on the tooth or teeth that are missing. A traditional bridge would involve the two or more adjacent teeth being compromised to create a false tooth in between.
Who is a candidate for Dental Implants?
With major advancements in Dentistry and Dental Implants, most people are candidates for Dental Implants. There may be exceptions due to chronic illness, heart disease, and severe osteoporosis.