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This is SCIENCE FRIDAY. I'm Ira Flatow. Your brain has nearly 100 billion neurons, and one of my next guests compares that complexity to the Amazon rainforest. In fact, he says there about as many trees in the Amazon as there are neurons in your brain. Think about what the Amazon looks like for a second.
And the roots and the branches and the leaves and the vines, all of that can be compared to the tangled network formed between your brain cells because many of your neurons are in fact wired to tens of thousands of other neurons. That incredible complex network is packed into a soft, three pound organ inside your head, making it, as my next guest says, the most complicated object in the known universe.
Is it possible we'll figure out the secrets of what's inside our heads? I mean, if we are inside that black box, can we understand the whole black box? Like can you see the forest for the trees? Is consciousness beyond our understanding?
My next guests are both decoding the brain's inner workings by observing how we learn and how we speak, by eavesdropping on how individual neurons, the neurons, the cells, speak to one another. Christof Koch is chief scientific officer at the Allen Institute for Brain Science here in Seattle. He's also the author of "Consciousness: Confessions of a Romantic Reductionist." Sounds very romantic title. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY, Dr. Koch.
CHRISTOF KOCH: Good morning, Ira.
FLATOW: Good morning. Patricia Kuhl is director of NSF Science of Learning Center. She's also a professor and co-director of the Institute for Learning and Brain Sciences at the University of Washington here in Seattle. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.
PATRICIA KUHL: Thank you.
FLATOW: Is it possible - let me begin with you, Dr. Koch. Do you think that consciousness might be possible to figure out? I mean, how can we get inside that black box? If we're in the black box, can we see what it's made out of?
KOCH: So for the past 3,000 years that we've been trying to understand the mind-body problem, mainly by philosophy, mainly by talking about it, we've not been very successful. Philosophers are very good at asking questions, but historically they're pretty bad at answering them in any decisive way.
KOCH: But fortunately, since 150 years, we have clinical science, we have neurology, and we can study what happens if you have a hole in your head and if you have - depending where the damage is, you might have a specific loss of consciousness. So we know, unlike the Greeks, we now know consciousness rises from the brain, and we know if you lack particular parts of the brain, you will lack specific content of consciousness.
And over the last 50 years, particularly in animals but also in humans, we've been able to look at actually the stuff out of which the brain is made, those many tangled neurons that Ira was just mentioning. There's an enormous number of them, and just like as in the rainforest, there's an enormous diversity of them, and that's the complexity we're facing just like in astrophysics over the last 100 years, every new - each new generation of astronomers and astrophysicists discovers that the universe is yet more bigger - yet bigger than we previously thought.
Now people talk about multiverses. Each time we look with better and better tools, with better with better microscopes and other tools, we see more and more complexity. So now we realize there are not just two types of nerve cells, but there are a probably 1,000 different types of nerve cells, just like there are 1,000 different species of trees in the rainforest.
And so the challenge is try to unravel it(ph) . And we have - the atoms of consciousness are really, are the nerve cells. And so really it's essential for us if we want to understand the mind-body problem, in health and in disease, in schizophrenia and other pathologies of consciousness, we really need to understand it at this neuronal level.
FLATOW: And are you actually able to go in to the neuronal level and understand that? Is it useful to study individual neurons? Could that tell us more about consciousness?
KOCH: It's essential. The only way we're going to find out about, totally uncover the underpinnings of consciousness, how - the brain is a physical system like any other physical system in the universe. But it exudes this magic thing, these feelings. I wake up each morning, I open my eyes, I have pains and pleasure. I remember who I am. How does that arise out of the physics of the brain?
And the only way we can study that is by actually looking at the stuff that computes this stuff that exudes mind. And the stuff that exudes mind is brain. It's not just some oozy, fluffy, tofu-like substance or overcooked cauliflower. It actually consists out of roughly 100 billion nerve cells, and they interact in a very complex way.
And we know from certain mental diseases, you know, I mentioned schizophrenia, there's also Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, it all involves various, various complicated mis-wiring. And so in order to help people ultimately, we need to understand the wiring and the mis-wiring, and that can primarily be done at the level of individual nerve cells.
FLATOW: Dr. Kuhl, let's talk about how much of your brain, how much of whom you are now, your consciousness, were you born with and how much did you pick over the years, I mean the nature-nurture question, right?
KUHL: Right, so we're interested in taking the approach of studying consciousness and all the magical things that humans can do by studying the baby, starting with baby brains and young children's brains and looking at the explosion of learning that takes place early.
And the tools of modern neural science now allow us to look and see activity. We can take snapshots of the brain and see individual areas, 433 of them, and the white and gray matter is their form. You can look at the fiber tracks that are connecting areas. You can look at activity using magnetoencephalography. That's happening online as baby hears a word, sees their mother or smells something that they recognize as milk.
FLATOW: Right. Your brain is made up of all these neurons, and yet we have all this DNA that we're born with. There's got to be, I imagine, somewhere along the line where the DNA gets triggered to mature or create something that helps your brain mature and develop.
KUHL: Exactly, exactly.
FLATOW: Is that where the nature part comes in on it?
KUHL: So think of the baby as growing up in an ecosystem, and part of the ecosystem is what the baby brings to it. There's a brain, and that brain's got windows of opportunity that are being opened by genes that are expressing. And also those windows of opportunity narrow. So you've got the baby trajectoring along that developmental path with a set of biological markers that are set to go off at certain times.
Then the ecosystem is the rest of us, the social environment. It's the people, the things, the schools, whether the child's growing up in poverty, that will provide or not provide what that critical window of opportunity is supposed to be receiving.
And so the baby's not on a turnkey system entirely. The baby's waiting for all of us to provide the necessary stuff.
FLATOW: Well, you mention a critical window of opportunity, and we all know how kids learn things like sponges, right? They suck them up much faster than we can. Can we find out how that works and extend that into later life?
KUHL: Well, there's a lot of things that we're doing to try to understand that. So when windows open for learning and close for learning, there are triggers. We're trying to understand what the triggers are. We're trying to understand whether you can move them so that they open later or close later. And some of the magic that kids are putting to work has to do with how they interact with the social world.
So in learning of language, which we know we're geniuses at between zero and seven but not so good every two years after the age of seven, you're falling off the curve with regard to your ability to learn a new language. After puberty, it really gets difficult.
And so what we're looking at is, well, what's the baby brain doing at, you know, age two or age three that you and I can't do anymore. And what the baby brain's doing is calculating, taking statistics as they listen to us talk and interact in the environment and also reacting to us socially.
The social brain has a good bit to do in controlling how babies react to the statistics of their world.
FLATOW: Could it also be what the baby brain is not doing, which is our taxes, our school, balancing our budget, those sort of - the noise?
KUHL: Right. Well, the other part of the baby brain is to actually be able to look. We can now look with diffusion tensor imaging at the superhighways in the brain. You can see how language areas and executive control areas are related to the reward system. You know, that squirt of dopamine that I hope you're all getting now as you listen to me talk, and you're imaging your little child and your little grandchild, that squirt of dopamine in the reward system has a lot to do with how it is that we learn at different ages.
So understanding what drives human learning at different ages, and it's different over your - over the lifespan, will help us, help all children because that critical first five years, when typical kids are cruising along, but kids with developmental disabilities are not, is very, very important and also for all of us who want to keep our brains alive all our lives. Understanding how it works is extremely important.
FLATOW: Dr. Koch, do we have a definition, does everybody agree on a definition of what consciousness is?
KOCH: No, nobody agrees.
KOCH: There's no universal agreement. But there's widespread - sort of it relates to the feeling, it feels like something. It feels like something to have pain. It feels like something to be interviewed by you. It feels like something to be a man. Or those are all different...
FLATOW: How about a dog? I mean, a dog must have - feels like something, right?
KOCH: There's no question that dogs, in fact all mammals, have conscious states, right? There's no question your dog can feel happy, he can feel sad. You know, people do, babies do, patients do. What we don't know how far it goes outside mammals. Is it possible that - some people are certain, I believe that most, if not all, multicellular creatures feel something that - even a bee.
A bee is a very complicated system. The brain of a bee is 10 times more heavily wired than we. Of course it has many fewer neurons, roughly a million neurons, but it may well feel like something to be a bee. And so the question is: How does this feeling, how does this subjective feeling come into the world? That's always been the mystery. It's always been the central mystery about consciousness.
FLATOW: Now, Eric Kandel spent his whole lifetime looking at cells of a sea slug and won the Nobel Prize eventually for it. Can you bring that to a higher level? Because he was probing an individual cell almost like you're talking about probing individual cells in the brain. Is that - can you get - can you learn as much as he might have from - or learn more about how consciousness is from those individual cells?
KOCH: Yes. So, ultimately, what we're doing - and President Obama is launching a new initiative to try to speed this up - is to record, to listen in. So you can put a piece of wire into a human brain during neurosurgery, or you can do it in animal brains, and you can listen to the way neurons chat to each other. They have this sort of hash...
KOCH: It works very well if you're German.
KOCH: I mean, the brain itself doesn't sound like anything (unintelligible).
FLATOW: We actually have a sound of the brain. We're going to play - we have - give us a minute. We actually have - I think is probably some audio that you...
KOCH: Yes.
FLATOW: ...gave to us. Let's listen to that now.
FLATOW: Tell us what we're listening to.
KOCH: So here, we're listening to sound track that's made by putting a piece of wire into, in this case, a human brain during neurosurgery and amplifying the electrical signal. And each of those little clicks is actually a little pulse that's being sent by one neuron to roughly - we don't know - anywhere between 5,000 and 10,000 other neurons. And so you have to imagine, as we talk right now, you know, there are literally billions of neurons that chatter away in this code either - and they're sending them out, and they're receiving it. And somehow, out of this cacophony arises, you know, this stable perception arises the fact that I can - I have a voice in my head, and it sounds like you. And so that's...
FLATOW: Sorry for that.
FLATOW: Yeah. And you think that you can actually learn something - was that - just - is it being too simplistic to learn the macro size of something from the individual pulses in the brain?
KOCH: Well, by and large, science has been...
FLATOW: Too reductionist here, I guess is what I'm asking.
KOCH: Well, but science has been very successful over the last 200 years at exactly taking this...
FLATOW: Yeah.
KOCH: ...ever more reductionist point of view. But the good question you ask is that maybe consciousness requires more than just a reductionist approach. And so there are some theories that try to address that, that, in fact, argue that the part of the brain that's not reducible, in some sense, that's what gives rise to consciousness. So we don't know. But it has been so successful, so that's, of course, what we should do. In the meantime, we're discovering all sorts of other interesting facts about the brain, but there's really no good alternative to doing it this way.
FLATOW: Dr. Kuhl, you - one area you do a lot of work on is in language. Tell us what you're trying to find out about language.
KUHL: Language is one of the quintessential human abilities, and we're trying to understand how it comes together in the human brain. As Christof says, we're - we know that the activity is happening at the neuronal level, but it's when millions of neurons are coordinated to do something like listen to a word and recognize it, to have an idea in your head requires this - that you will compute all the statistics and create an idea. We're trying to understand how that happens in the baby brain, and how being bathed in one language, as opposed to another, or being bathed in two at the same time - as in bilingual children - how does that change the whole brain? And, in fact, it does.
What we're seeing is that areas of the brain are different. The connectivity is different. The superhighways are constructed differently in bilingual and monolingual brains. And, in fact, bilingual brains are more creative. They're more - they're not smarter. It's not your general IQ. But it is your ability to be a flexible thinker. When solving a problem, if you're bilingual - whether you're a baby or whether you're an adult - you're going to be better at solving a novel problem.
So we have all these new imaging techniques, not looking at individual neurons, but when thousands of neurons fire in coordination and change current flow, we have babies and adults sitting in something that looks like a hairdryer from Mars, but it's completely safe and completely noninvasive and absolutely silent. So we can play things for themselves, show them pictures, show them movies and watch their brains as they are processing real words, and link that to their structures.
We have like a - with MRI and DTI, you have a static photograph of that individual child's brain, the connections in that brain, and how this activity fires in the various areas. So that's brand new and very, very exciting.
FLATOW: You're listening to SCIENCE FRIDAY, from NPR. I'm talking with Christopher Koch and Patricia Kuhl. We're talking about brain, listening and learning from the brain. Is there a tool - I'm going to give you the same question I gave to Christopher - to Christof. If I could give you a blank check and you could invent a machine to study the brain, what would it be, and what would you like to see?
KUHL: Well, we want to see the next generation of something like magnetoencephalography. I mean, it is picking up a current flow, and it's able to see with millimeter accuracy, but we want to get even smaller than that - a millisecond accuracy where the activity is in the brain, what's the cortical dynamics that's going on as kids learn. And how does the structure that was built yesterday operate today as the kid looks forward in their world? So we want better and more efficient machines.
We want things that will allow us to see with absolute clarity how one brain differs from another. And why is that important? Well, we just showed in a study published May 29th that if you take a simple brain measure on a child with autism at the age of two, you can predict better than any other measure that we have how that children's - that child's outcomes will look at age four and age six, not only in language. This is a language probe at the age of two, how the brain responds to known words, but how that child behaves throughout the language arena and cognition and adaptive behavior, and it gets stronger over time.
So these brain measures are not only going to reveal the wonder of the human brain for all of us over the age - over our ages, but for children who have disabilities, we can get in there early with biomarkers to say where in the brain - one, this child's at risk, but, two, where in the brain, what structures, what superhighways are missing? What might we do to create better interventions that don't miss that window of opportunity? We've got to get in there really early when the brain is plastic and change the course of that child's life and that child's family's life.
FLATOW: Mm-hmm. Let me get a quick question from the audience. We've got about a minute. Yes, sir.
JORDAN BROWN: OK. My name is Jordan Brown. And I was wondering - you've been talking about processing information from outside, like language and different things, but where does that go? What is the physical thing that constitutes thought? And could you find that by just tracking the electrical signals from the outside inputs?
FLATOW: That's such a good question.
KUHL: Good question.
KUHL: Would you like a job?
FLATOW: And I'm going - he asked - yes - signed him up, as we used to say in baseball. I'm going to hold that for the break, because we have a break coming up in about 30 seconds. And we'll have - well, that's a meaty question to tackle in 30 seconds.
FLATOW: And, yeah, we're thinking he wants a job. We'll come back and talk more with Christof Koch, chief scientific officer of the Allen Institute for Brain Science here in Seattle, and Patricia Kuhl, director of the NSF Science and Learning Center, also professor and co-director of the Institute for Learning and Brain Sciences at the University of Washington here in Seattle. We're going to take, come back after this break and step up to the mike with your questions. This is a good time for them. We'll be right back after this break. Stay with us.
FLATOW: I'm Ira Flatow. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY, from NPR.
FLATOW: This is SCIENCE FRIDAY. I'm Ira Flatow.
We're talking this hour about the brain, how a complicated tangle of neurons can give rise to consciousness. Talking with my guests, Christof Koch, chief scientific officer of the Allen Institute for Brain Science here in Seattle, Patricia Kuhl, director of the NSF Science of Learning Center, also professor and co-director of the Institute for Learning and Brain Sciences at the University of Washington here in Seattle.
And before the break, a very good question came in from a young member of our audience, wanting to know, OK, so what happens to all the stuff you - that flows into your brain, all the information and stuff? What happens to it? Christof, you want to tackle that? Yeah?
KOCH: Jordan, so I think it's a very good question. So the brain is, in some sense, similar to a computer. In both cases, you have information that flows in, in one case through transistors, in the other case through nerve cells in our eyes. For example, if I look at you. And then as you said, we have to track - just like in a computer, we can track so that the electric activity in the various transistors, we can do the same in the brain. We can track the electrical activity, either using the methods that Patricia Kuhl alluded to from the outside, using EG or EMG, or we can put microelectrodes in it or other tools, and we can see how the electric activity moves through the brain and activates language area or activates a part of the brain that's responsible for seeing, or another part of the brain that's responsible for hearing. And then ultimately, it activates part of the brain that's responsible for motion, and then we move our eyes, or we speak.
FLATOW: You talk - you've brought in some references to computer, transistors and things like that. In your book, you compare the brain with its hundred billion neurons to the Internet, which has several billion computers there. Could consciousness arise from the Internet?
FLATOW: We know what - we know what's out there now. But could something meaningful like consciousness arise from the Internet?
KOCH: In principle, yes. In practice, we have no idea, and I don't think it's a useful research topic right now. But in principle...
FLATOW: Why not?
KOCH: Well, I mean, let's first look at the analogy. The brain is a very complicated network that consists of individual elements called nerve cells. OK? Now, of course, it doesn't make any sense to say one nerve cell conscious. But a large collection of neurons - not all of them. My spinal cord isn't conscious. My second brain in the gut isn't consciousness. But some part of the neurons generate consciousness.
So now I look at another network, very, very complex, the Internet. It has 10 billion nodes. Each node consists of, you know, between two and 10 billion transistors. So maybe it's also possible that collective, as a whole, it also feels like something to be the Internet. And if you would turn it off, it wouldn't feel anything anymore.
But right now, we don't have a good way to actually test this. Right now, that's purely science fiction. So you're not going to get a grant funded to study whether the Internet is conscious or not.
FLATOW: But you think it might be, you said, someday.
KOCH: Yeah, in...
FLATOW: In principle.
KOCH: ...in principle (unintelligible) there's no reason. Of course, we see it in, you know, "Matrix" or other movies all the time, that, you know, machines become sentient. In principle, nothing in the universe - there's no physical law that says that that is not possible.
FLATOW: All right. Let me get - time for maybe one more question up here. Yes.
DANTE MANTEL: Yes. Dante Mantel(ph), of Northwest University in Kirkland. You kind of answered most of my question. In science fiction, you just have a big enough computer, and it might become conscious. So - but expanding on that, do you use computer simulations, and is it helpful for studying the brain?
KOCH: Yeah, it's essential. So we - for example, right now, at the Allen Institute, we have this very large project where we're recording from brains, human and animal brains, but we also are simulating it. Because even if you could record from - even if you could visualize the activity of every single nerve cell in something I call a brain TV - imagine a television with something like 200,000 pixel by 200,000 pixel. And every pixel is the activity of one single nerve cell, and sometimes it turns white when it fires one of these pulses, and sometimes it usually goes black.
And now I'm looking at this picture of 100 billion pixel, right? I probably wouldn't understand any of it. So I need a theory. I need a model. I need a theory to say, OK, this is language and this is vision. And it's vision for the following reason, and it's language for the other reason. And this happens, you know, if you look at the brain TV of a schizophrenic patient because it's hardly different, and that's why the person hears a voice. And so it's essential to theories, and then it's actually essential to the test in using computers.
FLATOW: Mm-hmm. Is it possible to make a computer where the brain picture that big, with all the neurons firing?
KOCH: Not right now, but there's a group, you may have heard. There's a very large project. It was just funded to the tune of 1 billion euro in the European Union called the Human Brain Project, where they're exactly trying to do that. Over the next 10 years, they're to build a special-purpose supercomputer, because you need - you know, it's terabytes of data. So they're trying to build a special-purpose computer to simulate the human brain.
FLATOW: Wow. It's quite interesting and quite...
KOCH: It's pretty cool stuff.
FLATOW: It's pretty cool stuff. And we want to thank Doctor Kuhl for coming with - to be with us today. Patrick Kuhl - Patricia Kuhl is director of the NSF Science of Learning Center. She's also a professor and co-director of the Institute for Learning and Brain Sciences at the University of Washington in Seattle. And also Christof Koch is chief scientific officer at the Allen Institute for Brain Sciences here in Seattle. Thank you both for taking time to be with us today.
KOCH: Thank you very much.
KUHL: Thank you. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


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1: And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,
2: Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, I am the LORD your God.
3: After the doings of the land of Egypt, wherein ye dwelt, shall ye not do: and after the doings of the land of Canaan, whither I bring you, shall ye not do: neither shall ye walk in their ordinances.
4: Ye shall do my judgments, and keep mine ordinances, to walk therein: I am the LORD your God.
5: Ye shall therefore keep my statutes, and my judgments: which if a man do, he shall live in them: I am the LORD.
6: None of you shall approach to any that is near of kin to him, to uncover their nakedness: I am the LORD.
7: :The nakedness of thy father, or the nakedness of thy mother, shalt thou not uncover: she is thy mother; thou shalt not uncover her nakedness.
8: The nakedness of thy father's wife shalt thou not uncover: it is thy father's nakedness.
9: The nakedness of thy sister, the daughter of thy father, or daughter of thy mother, whether she be born at home, or born abroad, even their nakedness thou shalt not uncover.
10: The nakedness of thy son's daughter, or of thy daughter's daughter, even their nakedness thou shalt not uncover: for theirs is thine own nakedness.
11: The nakedness of thy father's wife's daughter, begotten of thy father, she is thy sister, thou shalt not uncover her nakedness.
12: Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy father's sister: she is thy father's near kinswoman.
13: Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy mother's sister: for she is thy mother's near kinswoman.
14: Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy father's brother, thou shalt not approach to his wife: she is thine aunt.
15: Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy daughter in law: she is thy son's wife; thou shalt not uncover her nakedness.
16: Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy brother's wife: it is thy brother's nakedness.
17: Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of a woman and her daughter, neither shalt thou take her son's daughter, or her daughter's daughter, to uncover her nakedness; for they are her near kinswomen: it is wickedness.
18: Neither shalt thou take a wife to her sister, to vex her, to uncover her nakedness, beside the other in her life time.
19: Also thou shalt not approach unto a woman to uncover her nakedness, as long as she is put apart for her uncleanness.
20: Moreover thou shalt not lie carnally with thy neighbour's wife, to defile thyself with her.
21: And thou shalt not let any of thy seed pass through the fire to Molech, neither shalt thou profane the name of thy God: I am the LORD.
22: Thou shalt not lie with mankind, as with womankind: it is abomination.
23: Neither shalt thou lie with any beast to defile thyself therewith: neither shall any woman stand before a beast to lie down thereto: it is confusion.
24: Defile not ye yourselves in any of these things: for in all these the nations are defiled which I cast out before you:
25: And the land is defiled: therefore I do visit the iniquity thereof upon it, and the land itself vomiteth out her inhabitants.
26: Ye shall therefore keep my statutes and my judgments, and shall not commit any of these abominations; neither any of your own nation, nor any stranger that sojourneth among you:
27: (For all these abominations have the men of the land done, which were before you, and the land is defiled;)
28: That the land spue not you out also, when ye defile it, as it spued out the nations that were before you.
29: For whosoever shall commit any of these abominations, even the souls that commit them shall be cut off from among their people.
30: Therefore shall ye keep mine ordinance, that ye commit not any one of these abominable customs, which were committed before you, and that ye defile not yourselves therein: I am the LORD your God.

subset: commoncrawl


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Sus scrofa CD3E&CD3D Heterodimer Protein, His Tag&Tag Free is produced by co-expression of CD3E and CD3D, has a calculated MW of 16.2 kDa (CD3E) and 13.5 kDa (CD3D). Subunit CD3E is fused with a polyhistidine tag at the C-terminus, followed by an Avi tag and subunit CD3G contains no tag at the C-terminus. As a result of glycosylation, the protein migrates as 19-22 kDa under reducing (R) condition, and 35-38 kDa when calibrated against Star Ribbon Pre-stained Protein Marker under non-reducing (NR) condition (SDS-PAGE).
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This product is stable after storage at:
Sus scrofa CD3E&CD3D Heterodimer Protein, His Tag&Tag Free on SDS-PAGE under reducing (R) and non-reducing (NR) conditions. The gel was stained with Coomassie Blue. The purity of the protein is greater than 90% (With Star Ribbon Pre-stained Protein Marker).
The purity of Sus scrofa CD3E&CD3D Heterodimer Protein, His Tag&Tag Free (Cat. No. CDD-S52W3) is more than 90% and the molecular weight of this protein is around 27-37 kDa verified by SEC-MALS.
Explore our catalog of therapeutic antibody solutions to find the right products for you! We are dedicated to delivering solutions designed to help you drive innovation and push the boundaries of what therapeutic antibodies can be.
We offer a wide range of cell and gene therapy solutions starting from discovery to the clinic. Explore our wide range of proteins, antibodies, kits, and other assays to accelerate the development of your cell and gene therapy.
Organoid Toolbox is a collection of organoid solutions including ready-to-use organoids, organoid differentiation kits, and a variety of services to accelerate the progress of your drug development project.
ACROBiosystems developed a series of GMP grade cytokines under the GMP grade quality management system. Those products are all suitable for T/NK cell generation, activation, and proliferation in cell therapy research.
50+ targets designed for CAR detection, including PE/FITC/biotin labeled proteins. The key reagents for CD19 and BCMA were FDA DMF filed which can support your IND, NDA and BLA process.
GMP grade cytokines, reagents for cell activation, gene edition, DNA/RNA removal, etc. Particularly focus on product design, quality control and solution-based support to link each phase of your cell and gene therapy journey.
Full length multi-pass TPs with stabilized structure and high bioactivity for immunization, antibody screening, cell based assay and CAR detection, including hot CD20, Claudin 18.2, CD133, GPRC5D,CCR8, CCR5, etc.
A series of immune checkpoints including classic co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory receptors. The comprehensive catalog contains 100+ targets with various species and tags, and the high-quality proteins are in good batch-to-batch consistency.
To meet the needs of ADCs development, ACROBiosystems can provide: A variety of high-quality target proteins; MMPs/Cathepsin/uPA for cleavable linker; Anti-payload antibodies & anti-idiotypic antibodies for immunogenicity and PK analysis; SPR/BLI analytical and ADA development service.
Comprehensive collection of Fc receptor proteins, including their common variants, which can help expedite your antibody development.
Comprehensive cytokine targets including interleukins, growth factors, chemokines, TNFs, etc. are expressed by HEK293 to ensure their natural structure. Their high purity is verified by SDS-PAGE/HPLC/SEC-MALS and high bioactivity is verified by ELISA/SPR/BLI.
Aneuro provides innovative solutions for neuroscience research. Recombinant proteins, neural factors, pre-formed fibrils, electrophysiological electrodes, as well as Organoid Toolbox all in Aneuro aiming to advance neuroscience research, develop therapeutic interventions, and improve diagnostic methods for neurological diseases.
This web search service is supported by Google Inc.


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Transfer time
2h 30min
Price from
local driver
Visit beautiful
places on the way
TripAdvisor's award
Travellers Choice 2023
Our driver will pick you up on the agreed date at the pick-up point in Padua you specified. Examples of pick-up locations are:
Make your journey truly personalized by choosing your own stops along the way for a unique and unforgettable experience. For example Soave Castle, Caves of Catullus, and Brescia Castle.
If these stops don't suit you, create an individual route request via our live chat.At your destination, our driver will drop you off at the desired location specified in your order.
We will take some of these chauffeured vehicles on this route exclusively for you. The type of vehicle will depend on the number of passengers and luggage.
The prices below are for a seat with driver exclusively for you.Comparable to a Volkswagen Passat
3 passengers 3 luggageComparable to a Ford S-Max
4 passengers 4 luggageComparable to a BMW 5
3 passengers 2 luggageComparable to a Mercedes-Benz Vito
7 passengers 7 luggageOur drivers are ready to pick you up by car at the airport or at your hotel in Padua and drive you across European countries and cities to Milan.
We carefully examine each driver to make sure they meet our high-quality standards.
Our helpful drivers look after your bags for you and make sure they are safe if you stop for food or to look at interesting places.
We ensure all our vehicles meet high standards, providing you with a safe, clean, and comfortable journey.
Begin your journey from Padua to Milan with our excellent private car transfer service. Choose from a variety of vehicle types including a standard sedan, an MPV, a luxury class car, or a VAN, depending on your preference and the number of passengers. Each traveler is permitted to bring along one large suitcase and one carry-on bag.
Turn your transfer into an unforgettable day trip. As you travel through Northern Italy, you will have the opportunity to visit a variety of beautiful and historic sites. Our professional drivers can pick you up from any location in Padua, providing a seamless start to your journey.
Upon arrival in Milan, the global capital of fashion and design, our driver ensures you are dropped off at your preferred location, whether it's a hotel, city center, or any other location in Milan.
With our intercity taxi service, your journey from Padua to Milan will be more than just a transfer, it will be a unique and memorable experience. We prioritize your comfort and convenience, ensuring your travel experience is as wonderful as the time spent in Milan. Experience the best of travel with our private transfer service!
Discover the best of Europe with TheEuroRoadTrip.eu! Experience a safe and comfortable journey from Padua to your Milan hotel while creating unforgettable memories. Our service is designed to cater to discerning travelers who value both comfort and the opportunity to explore new destinations.
Our journey offers optional stops at incredible locations such as Soave Castle, Caves of Catullus and Brescia Castle, turning your trip into a remarkable adventure. Our professional, English-speaking drivers are not only skilled chauffeurs but also knowledgeable guides, enriching your exploration of European cities and ensuring a truly memorable experience.
Traveling has never been more enjoyable! Book your trip and let our local driver handle the rest. They will pick you up at the agreed date and time from Padua and transfer you to your final destination. Make your journey truly personalized by choosing your own stops along the way for a unique and unforgettable experience.
Our dedicated drivers take the hassle out of navigating unfamiliar roads, ensuring you can enjoy a seamless transfer between Munich Airport and Salzburg in approximately 2h 30min without optional stops. While we cater to time-conscious travelers, we also understand that many of our clients are eager to explore Europe and its landmarks. With our premium intercity taxi transfer, we offer the perfect balance between efficient travel and immersive experiences, leaving you excited to travel with us again!
Reliable company. On time in picking up us from hotel. Before taking the trip the company sent the info of the driver, car & time. The drivers were good & safe driver, car is clean. Recommend this company & for sure I'm gonna use this co for my next travel. Ratings: 5/5
This was our first time using these drivers and we could not have been happier. Our driver, Fawad, was not only prompt but has great people skills. We appreciated that he spoke English and was able to answer several of our questions. He was a very cautious driver as well. I would highly recommend this company. I choose it because of the many great reviews they had and I was not disappointed. They are coming back for us in 3 days and we know we're in good hands.
I was wishing for a perfect experience , after a nightmare on trains. And wish and you shall receive. Communications pre trip was easy, my questions and concerns were addressed. Driver was on time, a perfect clean and comfortable model, my family felt 100% safe and very well taken care of A 20 minutes bathroom and lunch roadside stop. And he dropped us at the perfect place when we arrived in Venice. No stress. ! A perfect ride. With a very nice professional
We needed an unexpected transfer and of course it would have been hard to confirm last minute but the website had a Whatsapp option and they were immediately responsive. They fixed our problem and gave us great ease whereas the other companies needed hours to get back to you as to whether they had a driver. Our driver was great! I am incredibly grateful they were able to accommodate us! I highly tecommend this company!
Use this company to travel through five countries in Europe. They were extremely organized provider contact details of drivers ahead, comfortable cars. Everyone was very courteous drivers even went as far as getting snacks for kids on their own highly recommend.
Our driver Ihor went above and beyond and organised our trip from Lviv (Ukraine) to Rzeszow (Poland). he organised a baby seat for us and helped us get through the boarder quickly. What could have been a very stressful journey was made so much easier because of our driver and the efficiency of this transport company. We are very grateful and would highly recommend.
Lucas went above and beyond. He figured out how to get us tickets to the Neuschwanstein Castle to avoid a wait and even found us toboggans to use while in Germany. We loved our trip! He was prompt and courteous and we highly recommend him and this company for private tours/drivers.
We hired a private car from TheEuroRoadTrip to drive us from Prague to Berlin. We added a stop in Dresden, and our driver accomodated another stop at Terezen along the way. What a great experience! Our driver was on-time and came in a new mini-van, which allowed for a lot of space for the 3 of us. Excellent driving skills as well! This was for sure the way-to-go as the cost was less than if we went by train and taxi. Plus, door-to-door was soooo convenient! What a wonderful experience!
Travelled with Ihor from Warsaw Poland to Lviv Ukraine and back and he was so patient and supportive through every challenge we encountered. He is our hero. Professional and flexible.
Exceptional door to door professional service! Our driver Martin showed up on time and took care of all our needs. We thought after running the Berlin Marathon our legs would be too tired to drag our bags from our hotel to a train station so we were so happy to have Martin drive us to Prague. He helped with our luggage, was available to answer any questions & had lots of great advice on sightseeing.
We had a great trip with euro driver to Lviv. Ihor was a great driver and very good to deal with especially helpful when crossing the border. Nikola in the office is excellent and sorted out all issues in rapid time. Very professional and highly recommend to anybody.
We wish to commend our driver Marian. He is an expert in driving even the zigzag road to St Moritz. He is also entertaining, courteous and a professional golfer. His Tesla was clean. He provided drinking water. This company is very efficient. They reply immediately. You can trust them.
We used EuroRoadTrip a few times during our travels through Germany, Switzerland and France. Very punctual and flexible to our needs. We will use them again in the future.


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This Content is for Subscribers Only
I actually first read this as alkalizing meaning effecting pH level, and I was like, OK I guess I understand how that could positively effect your body, but alchemizing means turning elements to gold basically through magic. That lead me to research each ingredient because I know alchemy is not actually happening in my body when I eat this, since alchemy is not real.
Be fearless in front of them with your ideas as many times as they'll let you
Beauty Dust is very pretty to look at and it tastes like nothing, which is great. Here is what it's supposed to do: This ancient empiric formula expands beauty through alchemizing elements legendary for their youth preserving, fortifying and tonifying qualities. Glowing supple skin, lustrous shiny hair and twinkling bright eyes are holistically bestowed from the inside out.
Find people with high expectations and a low tolerance for excuses. They'll have higher expectations for you than you have for yourself. Don't flatter yourself that this has much to do with you – this is just who they are. Don't look for "nice" in these relationships. Look for trust.
In addition to loving beauty and taking care of myself, I also love opening people minds to other paths of self-care, and good marketing and I can honestly say that I use and personally love this product but I'm not sure for which reason.
I think it made me think about it more and really consider why I was choosing to add this to my routine
It poses an interesting question for me on the wellness category – will people be willing to buy in, or does eating something change your "sniff" test on the believe-ability of the claims?
The color is very long lasting and they have an interesting texture that's like a powder and a cream but neither really. They're made with pure pigments and oils and will never melt with the warmth of your skin because they don't contain any waxes. You can literally use them for anything – obviously as eye shadow and liner, but the light shade is a great highlighter, and the red can be used for lip or blush with a little balm.
There's also a little pouch to store the rollerballs, and a card with different inspirations as to how to blend them on your skin – but it's foolproof. You can't make a mess if you mix them all up.
Badger Beard Balm is perfect for the bearded gents in your life (is this everyone? beards are so trending). It is filled with good things such as vitamins A, D, E & F to keep his beard healthy, thicker and cleaner, as well as helping to relieve itchiness as it soothes the skin under the hair.
If you're looking to get rid of this beard, maybe this is not the right angle for your gifting
Further, no one wants to cuddle with a dirty beard – who knows, maybe you already are and are dying for a nice way to help this problem of yours his. Beard Wash made by Beard Buddy. Started in 2011 in California, all Beard Buddy products are hand crafted by beards for beards. Both founders have large beards of their own to tame, and wanted to do this with organic products – kudos, and cuddles, to them.


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The Best Foods For Eye Health
Have you heard that eating carrots will give you great night vision?
That's actually a leftover idea from World War II propaganda. The British didn't want enemy soldiers to learn about their new radar technology, so they claimed their airmen got their night vision by eating carrots! Whether or not the Germans fell for it, the idea stuck around.
So is there any truth to it? Maybe not to the part about superior night vision, but carrots and other foods do contain nutrients that help our eyes stay healthy!
Sweet Potatoes And Oranges
Two important antioxidants that help us stay healthy are vitamins C and E. Vitamin C can lower our risk of developing cataracts and may even slow down the progression of age-related macular degeneration. The easiest way to get vitamin C is by eating plenty of citrus fruit, such as oranges, grapefruits, and lemons. Vitamin E protects our eyes from "free radicals," molecules that disrupt healthy tissue, and you can get it by eating sweet potatoes and nuts!
Fish are the best source of omega-3 fatty acids, which are crucial for brain function and a healthy immune system. Research has shown that they also play a critical role in our visual development and retinal function.
Eggs And Leafy Greens
Studies have shown that the nutrients lutein and xeazanthin are linked to a lowered risk of chronic eye diseases like cataracts and age-related macular degeneration, and the foods that have the most of these are eggs and leafy greens!
Carrots, along with other yellow, orange, or leafy green fruits and veggies, is an excellent source of vitamin A. These types of produce get their color from beta-carotene. Our intestines use beta-carotene to make vitamin A, which helps our eyes convert light into brainwaves and is an important component of our corneas (the clear part of the front of our eyes). Vitamin A deficiency leaves up to half a million children blind each year!
Oysters are a great source of zinc. Why do we need zinc? It's essential to many processes in our bodies, including helping vitamin A get from our livers to our retinas. It doesn't matter how much vitamin A we eat if it can't get to where it needs to go! If you're not a fan of oysters, you can get your zinc in smaller doses from meats, beans, and nuts.
Another Component Of Eye Health Is Eye Exams!
Your eyes are sure to benefit when you add more of these nutritious foods to your diet, but even the healthiest food isn't a substitute for regular eye exams! Poor nutrition isn't the only thing that can cause eye problems, which is why it's crucial to schedule appointments with us, especially if you've noticed any changes in your vision.


text: The website offers search patterns with simple to complex search possibilities. This is reflected in simple and extended search structures. The simple search enables full text search of the metadata. The extended search offer specific search fields, offering multiple search options. The name or term searched for can be written with transcription or without. Capitalisation is not relevant. If more search terms are entered consecutively, the operator "AND" is executed. Furthermore, it is possible to enter an asterisk (*) as a so-called wild card in place of another symbol/letter. Apart from the search forms, a filter makes it possible to search according to the following classification menu: language, scripture, interlinear translation, material, material colour, catchwords, script – style, ink colour, completeness, subject matter, type of entry, owner. A third search option is to browse the index – either the complete index of all collections on ITIM, or the index of a chosen collection. A third search option is to browse the index – either the complete index of all collections on this application, or the index of a chosen collection.


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Wet Carpet Cleaners offers wet carpet drying , cleaning and complete flood or water damage restoration in Thornbury and all surrounding suburbs.
We are available 24 hours and you can book emergency services on 0424 349 003. Our job is to provide you quick response for water damage drying and cleaning to reduce the impact of structural damage and prevent mould and mildew growth. We provide cost effective restoration solutions to all Thornbury residents.
We can handle any residential or commercial work of wet carpet, water and flood damage restoration in Thornbury.
We provide high quality carpet cleaning in Thornbury, thoroughly cleaning all the carpet areas hygienically preventing the hazards of mould and mildew. Our steam cleaning services are also provided on emergency basis and you can call us anytime within 24 hours to reach your premises within 1 hour of your call.
We provide complete water damage restoration services that includes drying and cleaning water damaged carpets. Our services are top notch by certified IICRC cleaners. We ensure to protect your carpet from further damage and to also provide hygienic environment to live in. Call us for any of your queries related to water damage carpet drying or water damage carpet cleaning.
Having a flooded carpet is abrupt, hazardous and dangerous to have. It needs immediate treatment. We provide flood damage restoration and have helped owners recover their home and carpets from flood occuring due to flash flooding , burst pipe, leakage or excessive rainfall.
Mould and mildew can occure due to dampness and wet carpets left for a longer time without treatment. We fix the cause of mould and provide permanent mould eradication service. We provide professional mould assessment, mould cleaning, removal and remediation services.
Thinking of replacing a carpet? Think again. We can repair your carpet to try and bring it to a condition as good as a new one. We repair carpets, and also provide carpet restrething services in Thornbury. For invisible mending and carpet repairs, call us today and we will get your carpets repaired in minimum possible time.
Fire accidents are an unfortunate circumstance for homes and offices. Aside from carpet flood repairs and water damage cleaning we also offer fire and smoke restoration for residential and commercial properties. Let our expert restoration team take care of your place. Our fire and smoke restoration services are available 24 hours for your convenience.
Has your home or office been affected by a sewage pipe leakage? If left unattended, sewage damage can have serious health hazards for residents of the affected property. Our emergency team of sewage cleaners are available 24 hours for all Thornbury residents. We use the latest cleaning equipment to cleanse and decontaminate your property.
Drying out a timber floor? Leave it to the experts. We are the leading timber floor drying experts in Thornbury. We offer wet timber floor drying and floor repairs for residential and commercial properties.


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LK Bennett
Leather Ballet Pumps
Leather Ballet Pumps
Size: EU 38
Condition: New
Colour: Blue
Buy with Confidence
Buy with Confidence
We are committed to ensuring we only have authentic products available on the website.
We review each product before it is approved and take action against any seller misrepresenting their items. Selling fake designer items is illegal and we take this matter very seriously.
Customers have 24 hours to report any issues with the item so if you have any concerns about anything, please do get in touch as soon as possible after receiving the item so that we can investigate.
With endless, you can buy with the confidence that should you receive an item that is not as described, we will issue a full refund.
Condition details
Condition details
Pre-loved items
May show minor signs of wear since they are not brand new, however, any significant stains or damage should be noted above.
New or New With Tag items
Unworn and perfect condition. These should not have any signs of wear or damage.
We aim to get your products to you as soon as possible - this depends on whether the item is held at Endless or with the seller. The delivery options available to you will appear at the checkout.
Delivery timings - Endless
4 hour delivery available in Dubai only (order before 6pm)
Same day delivery is available in Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Sharjah and Ajman. Cut off time is 3pm for Dubai and 1pm for the other emirates.
Next day delivery available in all emirates (order before 10pm).
Delivery timings - Seller
For all items that are held by the seller, we aim to deliver within 1-3 days of placing the order, however, we can not guarantee this as it is dependent on the sellers availability.
If you need same or next day delivery on a product that this isn't offered on, please reach out to our team and we will help as much as we can.
We will be in touch with tracking and delivery details.
Returns policy
Returns policy
We do accept returns, however, since we pay our sellers soon after the item is delivered, you must notify us within 4 hours of delivery for a rental and 24 hours of delivery for a purchase for this to be accepted. The cost of the return shipping is 20 AED which will be deducted from the refund.
If the item is damaged or significantly not as described, the return shipping fee will be waived and you shall receive a full refund.
Please see our full returns policy here.
Any questions?
Any questions?
Our team is happy to help! If you have any questions regarding the product, delivery or anything else, Whatsapp our team here.


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Exceed RC Proton 60A Brushless Speed Controller ESC 07E06-Proton-60A 1 �Specification
1.1�Output:��Continuous 60A, Burst 80A up to 10 Secs.
1.2�Input Voltage:��2-6 cells lithium battery or 5-18 cells NiCd/NIMh battery.���
������-�Exceed RC Volcano/Proton-60A:�3A / 5V (Switch mode).
������-�Exceed RC Volcano/Proton-60A-OPTO:�None.
1.4�Max Speed:��210,000rpm for 2 Poles BLM, 70,000rpm for 6 poles BLM, 35,000rpm for 12 poles BLM.
������������������������������ (BLM: BrushLess Motor)
1.5�Size:� 70mm (L) * 31mm (W) * 14mm (H).
������-�Exceed RC Volcano/Proton-60A:�60g.
������-�Exceed RC Volcano/Proton-60A-OPTO:�56g.
2��Features 2.1�Safety Arming Feature:� Regardless the throttle stick position, the motor will not spin after battery connected.
2.2�Throttle Calibration:�Throttle range can be configured to provide best throttle linearity, fully compatible with all market available transmitters.
2.3�Programmable Items:
������-�Brake Setting: brake enabled / brake disabled.
������-�Battery Type: Li-xx(Li-ion or LiPo) / Ni-xx(NiMh or NiCd).
������-�Low Voltage Protection Mode(Cutoff Mode): Gradually reduce the output power / Cutoff the output power.
������-�Low Voltage Cutoff Protection Threshold (Cutoff Threshold): low / medium / high.
������-�Start Mode: normal / soft / very soft.
������-�Timing: low / medium / high.
������-�Reset:� reset��all� the programmable items to�their default settings.
2.4�Full Protection Features:�Low voltage cutoff protection / Over-heat protection / Throttle signal lost protection.
3.1�Military standard capacitor�of extreme low resistance increases the ability of prevention of unwanted RF noise during flying.
3.2�Extreme low resistance�PCB is used�at�the power output section, the whole ESC has�super current endurance capability.
3.3 Microprocessor uses separate voltage regulator IC, with good anti-jamming capability.
3.4 Compatible with Hobbywing's�program card
Our warranty/ return / exchange policy is very simple. If the item we sent you is defective when you received the shipment from us (NOT AFTER USE), you can report to us by email for return / exchange / refund arrangement. Request(s) for return or exchange and report(s) of missing or damaged part(s) must be received within 30 days of your receipt of merchandise(s). We reserves the rights to entertain requests received thereafter. Items returned must be in as-new conditions with the packing slips, manuals, accessories and all other items intact in original packaging. Returned merchandise must be received from our customer before we will process and ship out any replacement. All merchandise should be returned to us by shipping carriers with safe method which provides proof of shipment (just in case your item does not reach us. so you can check with your local shipping carrier.) We will not responsible for the lost of returned merchandise in shipping. Shipping and handling charges for all orders are non-refundable, as we have paid the Post Office to send the shipment and the Post Office will NOT refund the postage cost back to us after they processed the shipment. Customer will be responsible for the return shipping cost to send return back to us. For returned merchandise that is found to be genuinely defective, we ship out replacement for free (we pay for the replacement shipping cost) and will not charge additional shipping and handling fees. We reserves the right to return merchandise to its customer and not refund money, if we in our opinion deem that the merchandise has been used, crashed, abused, misused or modified in any form, or has been damaged by water, dust, or other contaminants. *** All items are tested by manufactures to make sure they are working properly before we ship them to our customers. *** If you used / flew the product, or crashed product, no matter what the reason. We are sorry but we can not be responsible for your crash or use. Hobbypartz.com will not be responsible for incidental or consequential damages including bodily injuries and property damages arising from the use of any product(s) that it sells. Hobbypartz.com reserves the right to refuse service to anyone. Remote controlled products and accessories can be very dangerous. Please read the operating manual before use. We have no control over the correct use, installation, application, or maintenance of our products, no liability shall be assumed nor accepted for any damages, losses or costs resulting from the use of the products. Any claims arising from the operating, failure or malfunctioning etc. will be denied. We assume no liability for personal injuries, property damages or consequential damages resulting from our products. We reserves the right to amend this policy without further notification(s). To experience 5-Star Customer Service & Tech Support from HobbyPartz.com, visit us at RCDiscuss.com |


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For the record, the underlying function to uniqid() appears to be roughly as follows:
In other words, first 8 hex chars = Unixtime, last 5 hex chars = microseconds. This is why it has microsecond precision. Also, it provides a means by which to reverse-engineer the time when a uniqid was generated:
Increasingly as you go further down the string, the number becomes "more unique" over time, with the exception of digit 9, where numeral prevalence is 0..3>4>5..f, because of the difference between 10^6 and 16^5 (this is presumably true for the remaining digits as well but much less noticeable).


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Thanksgiving is one of the busiest holidays for road trips. Whether you're driving over the river or through the woods this holiday season, here's what to know to arrive safely (and sanely) at your destination.
Before the drive
- Get your car in gear. Now is the time to make sure you're on schedule with oil changes, wheel alignments, and any other services your car manufacturer recommends. Also, make sure your tires are properly inflated — cooler weather can make the pressure drop more than usual.
- Master the art of not getting lost. Have all your addresses handy, and consider inputting them into your GPS before you set off. If you plan on using Internet-based map services like Google Maps, make sure to save the maps to your device — you never know when you'll enter an area without service.
- Bring backup chargers — and lots of them. Things can quickly go south when devices run out of power. Bring extra chargers — or, even better, invest in a multiple-port car charger.
- Stock your emergency kit. To quote your mom, safety first. Even if you're only traveling to the next town, it's essential to have a fully stocked emergency kit just in case.
- Prepare for, "Are we there yet!?" Road trips with kids can create lasting family memories… but also test a parent's patience. If you're traveling with kiddos, make your trip more engaging with these 4 brilliant ways to keep kids occupied on road trips.
- Don't forget your furry friends! Traveling with Fluffy or Rover? Then make sure you have a safe pet harness and/or pet carrier and a pet kit full of food, bottled water, toys, and any necessary medications.
Helpful websites and apps
Here are five apps travel gurus rely on:
- GasBuddy to locate the cheapest fuel wherever you are.
- Roadfood to forgo rest stop food in favor of memorable small-town eats along the way.
- Sit or Squat to learn which public restrooms are clean—and which aren't.
- iExit to find out what kind of food, fuel, and lodging is available at upcoming exits.
- Waze to get real-time traffic updates along your route.
Emergency Road Service: A Travel Essential
Picture this: You get a flat tire… but there's still 200 miles to go before you're home for the holidays. Do you know who to call for help?
A flat tire, lockout, or a dead battery is a major hassle anytime, but especially during holiday travel. Fortunately, ERIE offers 24/7 Roadside Assistance that pays for reasonable auto towing and required labor costs at the site of your vehicle breakdown. (Yes… even at 2 a.m. on Black Friday.)
Emergency Road Service* is an optional add-on to your auto insurance policy that's available with the purchase of comprehensive coverage. Better yet? It only costs about $5 per vehicle per year.
Talk to your local Erie Insurance agent to ask about adding it to your auto policy, or learn more about how Road Service works.
More Turkey Day tips
Check out these other helpful stories from the Eriesense blog:
- How to Prep Your Kitchen for Thanksgiving Dinner
- The Ultimate Guide to Hosting Thanksgiving
- 7 Safety Tips for Using Turkey Fryers
From the simple pleasures of being together to time-honored family traditions… Thanksgiving is about making memories with the people you love. Enjoy yours, and travel safe!
*Restrictions apply in North Carolina. This program does not cover accident-related towing.
Article originally posted on www.erieinsurance.com(opens in new tab)
A better insurance experience starts with ERIE.
Haven't heard of us? Erie Insurance started with humble beginnings in 1925 with a mission to emphasize customer service above all else. Though we've grown to reach the Fortune 500 list, we still haven't lost the human touch.
Contact O'Berry & Lewis, Inc today to experience the ERIE difference for yourself.


text: Page Author: DSNA webmaster. The views and opinions expressed in this page are strictly those of the page author. The contents of this page remain the property of the author/copyright owner. Some pages will be updated on a regular schedule. Suggestions or fixes are welcome but may take weeks to months to be incorporated. Anyone may link freely to anything on this page and print any page for personal use. However, page contents, structure and format, and design elements, cannot be copied or republished without the express written permission of the page author/copyright owner. If you have any questions or suggestions, please email the DSNA webmaster at: firstname.lastname@example.com . © Copyright 2012 |


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WoW looking 10k White Gold Black Diamond Moissanite Engagement Ring With 1.25 Carat Cushion Cut Vintage Looking Black Diamond Moissanite. This beautiful engagement ring features highest grade VVS Black Diamond Moissanite. The ring is set in solid 10k White Gold setting. The ring can be made in 10k, 14k or 18k Rose Gold or Yellow Gold setting. The Accents stones are White Moissanite. The ring is a classic design which is affordable and handmade with precision and quality craftsmanship by our experienced jewelers.
Gold Metal: 10K Solid White Gold
Center Gemstone:- Beautiful Cushion Cut Black Diamond Moissanite. The Black Diamond Moissanite is approx 7mm in size.
Side Stone:- Beautiful glittering moissanite diamonds (approx 0.25 Carat)..
Total Carat Weight:- The total Carat weight of the Black Diamond Moissanite and diamond moissanite engagement ring is approx 1.25 Carat Weight
Ring Size:- We can make this ring between sizes from 3.5 to 11. For any other custom sizes, please email us.
Please note that as all our rings are handmade, we can customize this ring setting for you. We can make the ring in different gold color like : 10k Solid White Gold, 10k Solid Rose Gold, 10k Solid Yellow Gold. We can engrave the rings. There may be additional cost associated with customization. Please note, customized orders do not qualify for returns/refunds.
You will receive this beautiful ring in a nice jewelry box
The beautiful Black Diamond Moissanite and diamond moissanite engagement ring is handmade and customized to your required ring size.
Product Details | |||
General | Solid Gold Type | ||
Product Code | NAQBL2501 | Gold Color | White/Rose/Yellow |
Total Carat Weight | 1.25 | Gold Quality | 10k |
Center Stone Details | Side Stone Details | ||
Carat Weight | 1.00 | Carat Weight | 0.25 |
Color | Black | Colour | I-J |
Clarity | Brilliant | Clarity | I1 |


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The baseball season is still young, but the New York Yankees have already faced harsh public criticism. No, we're not referring to their lackluster record. Instead, the Yanks were accused of trying to hoodwink beer drinkers with a new "Craft Beer Destination" concession stand at their Bronx stadium.
The problem arose when writer Amanda Rykoff spotted the stand's sign, with an arty chalkboard effect imparting the sense of a brewpub. A fan might expect it to sell beers from New York's famed Brooklyn Brewery, or perhaps Brewery Ommegang, located in the baseball mecca of Cooperstown.
Instead, all of the offerings — Blue Moon; Leinenkugel's Summer Shandy; Crispin; Batch 19 — exist under the MillerCoors corporate umbrella. None of them have a special tie to New York. As many critics noted, Crispin is a cider, not a beer. And its roots are in Minneapolis, home of the Yankee-hating Twins.
Many news outlets including Deadspin took up the story, noting that as part of a conglomerate, the MillerCoors products don't meet the traditional definition of "craft" as established by the Brewers Association, which requires small production and independent ownership.
We should note that in spotting the "crafty" ruse at Yankee Stadium, Rykoff didn't besmirch the beers.
"I confess that on a hot summer day, I will enjoy a Summer Shandy on occasion, and Blue Moon is certainly a popular beer," she wrote. "But to call them 'craft beers' is nonsense and insulting. Real beer drinkers know better but countless numbers of fans will gladly shell out $12 for an overrated beer being marketed as a specialty brew."
Rykoff concluded, "Once again, the Yankees have figured out yet another way to charge a superior price for an inferior product."
The team has now changed its approach, keeping the stand but renaming it the "Beer Mixology Destination." That's the word from Amanda Rykoff, who announced what she called "breaking beer news" on Twitter Saturday.
Other than seeming to be a brazen attempt to glom onto yet another trend — and risking the wrath of cocktail enthusiasts — the new name hints at the concoctions that result from combining Crispin cider with its three stand-mates.
The Yankees are not alone in trying to tap into the growing craft beer market. Craft beer has made inroads at many Major League Baseball stadiums, as fans seek a brew with more flavor — and perhaps a bit more kick, to cut down on trips to the concession stand (and other facilities).
In Detroit, at least seven Michigan craft brewers, including Bell's, Founders, and New Holland, have their beers on tap at Comerica Park, as Darren Rovell writes at ESPN.
And in Baltimore, Orioles fans can easily find beers from Maryland and Delaware, Heavy Seas, Dogfish Head, and Evolution among them, as well as Flying Dog, which is tapping special cask-conditioned brews on Fridays. The Camden Yards property also has a brewpub that's open all year.
And while San Diego fans have suffered through a 2-9 start this season, they can console themselves with a selection of craft beers that's among the best in the majors, befitting the city's bustling beer scene.
The Petco Park Insider says the "star lineup" of brewers includes Stone, Green Flash, and Karl Strauss. The park also sells beer from Sierra Nevada, Ballast Point, and others.
We should note that San Diego also has Bud Black at its stadium. But that's not an Anheuser-Busch product; it's the name of the Padres' manager.
Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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As you approach retirement age, life is full of transitions. Your adult children grow up and move out on their own. You prepare to say goodbye to full-time work for good. And if you're like many baby boomers, you may also think about downsizing your home.
According to a report from Zillow Group, 24% of recent home buyers were age 60 or older – a 47% increase from 10 years earlier. For nearly half of these older adults re-entering the housing market, downsizing was a primary motivation.
What is Downsizing?
When it comes to real estate, the term downsizing is pretty self explanatory. It means moving to a home that's smaller than your current residence.
But for those starting their downsizing journey, finding a house, apartment or condo with less square footage is just the beginning. That's because one major implication of moving to a smaller home is having less space to store all the things you've accumulated over the past few decades.
When is the Right Time to Downsize?
Choosing to downsize your home is a deeply personal choice – one that comes with major lifestyle implications. But there are several signs that it may be a good time to make a move.
- Unused space. When your family was growing, all those bedrooms and bathrooms were an absolute necessity. But as an empty nester, you may find your home is bigger than what you need. If you have lots of space that is unused on a daily basis, downsizing can be a great choice.
- Decreased mobility. As you age, homes with stairs, narrow hallways and small bathrooms can become difficult to navigate. Downsizing provides an opportunity to move into a single-floor house with universal design features – meaning you'll have a safe, accessible space to spend the coming years.
- Change in income. When you decide to retire, you'll have to adjust to a new financial picture. Moving into a smaller home often translates to smaller bills, which can be helpful if your savings and retirement benefits don't quite replace your full-time income.
- Desire to relocate. Do you want to spend more time with your grandkids who live in another state? Or trade those cold northern winters for the Florida sun? Retiring in a new city can serve as an occasion to downsize in the process.
What are the Advantages of Downsizing?
Here are some reasons why you may want to downsize your home.
- Access to equity. Real estate prices are at all-time highs in many cities across the country. If you've owned your current home for any length of time, you can cash out all that home equity when you sell. Because you're buying a smaller home, you may end up with no mortgage at all (and cash to spare).
- Lower bills. Smaller homes use less energy. That means lower gas, electric and water bills – something you'll appreciate as you enter retirement.
- Less maintenance. With a smaller home, there's less space to clean, dust and vacuum. A smaller yard will save you hours of mowing and landscaping in the summer. And if you move into a condo or apartment, you'll have no outside maintenance at all.
- More accessibility. When you downsize, you'll have the option to choose a home that's handicap accessible. While you may not need it now, it's a feature you'll likely appreciate in the years to come.
What are the Disadvantages of Downsizing?
While downsizing can be a great option for older adults, there are still some cons to consider.
- Home availability. In a seller's market, the same factors that make it a great time to list your home can make it difficult to find a new one. With tight home inventories, you may have less options to choose from when searching for a new home – and the ones you do find may sell quickly.
- Adjusting to small spaces. When you're used to a large home, adjusting to life with less room can be difficult. For this reason, just the thought of downsizing makes many people hesitant to move.
- Leaving memories behind. Your current home is filled with memories. It may be where you raised a family and watched your kids grow up. And leaving it all behind can take an emotional toll. The same can be true for purging many of the possessions you've collected over the years.
- Moving costs. While transitioning to a smaller home will likely produce long-term savings, the process of moving results in lots of upfront expenses. You'll need to have enough cash saved for things like closing costs, home repairs and hiring movers – just to name a few.
How to Prepare for Downsizing
Ready to downsize your home? Take these steps to prepare before moving into your new living space.
- Fix up your home. If you've lived in your current home for any length of time, it probably needs a little TLC before you list it for sale. So fix that leaky faucet, add a fresh coat of paint and look for other improvements you can make to boost your home's resale value.
- Declutter. With less space in your new home, you'll want to start going through your possessions as soon as possible. Keep the items you need and use frequently, then donate, sell or give away the rest. Organization experts recommend getting rid of duplicate items, as well as anything you haven't used within the past year or two. If you have any collections, consider keeping a few of your favorite items and parting ways with the rest.
- Limit legacy gifts. You've saved boxes of keepsakes, memories and family heirlooms to pass on to the next generation. But how many of them will your children actually want (or keep when you're gone)? To avoid over-saving, talk to your family members about the gifts you'd like to leave behind one day. Digitize your photo albums. And if your daughter wants great-grandma's cuckoo clock or fine china, consider giving those legacy gifts early. In doing so, your family can start enjoying your treasured items right away, and you'll have one less thing to pack for your move.
- Measure your furniture. You know how furniture always looks smaller before you take it home from the store? That same principle will apply to your downsizing journey. In large rooms, you may underestimate the size of large items like couches, tables and dressers. Take measurements in advance to make sure they'll fit in your new home. If anything will be too big, try to sell or donate it before your move and replace it with a smaller item.
- Call your insurance agent. Before pulling the trigger on your new place, it's always smart to give your Erie Insurance agent a call. Your local agent can give you an idea of how your move could change the level of homeowners insurance you need, and how much you'll pay in premiums. And remember that unlike other utilities, moving to a smaller home doesn't always result in a smaller homeowners insurance bill. That's because there are lots of factors that go into determining how much homeowners insurance costs, including the age, location and condition of your home, and other personal information.
Find the Right Balance
Downsizing is a big decision and like any big decision, it's important to find the right balance. When it comes to homeowners insurance coverage, you can count on our local, independent agents to help you make good decisions about your insurance protection.Our agents are knowledgeable, caring people you can rely on. They'll make sure you have the protection that you want and need – all at the right price.
ERIE® insurance products and services are provided by one or more of the following insurers: Erie Insurance Exchange, Erie Insurance Company, Erie Insurance Property & Casualty Company, Flagship City Insurance Company and Erie Family Life Insurance Company (home offices: Erie, Pennsylvania) or Erie Insurance Company of New York (home office: Rochester, New York). The companies within the Erie Insurance Group are not licensed to operate in all states. Refer to the company licensure and states of operation information.
The insurance products and rates, if applicable, described in this blog are in effect as of July 2022 and may be changed at any time.
Insurance products are subject to terms, conditions and exclusions not described in this blog. The policy contains the specific details of the coverages, terms, conditions and exclusions.
The insurance products and services described in this blog are not offered in all states. ERIE life insurance and annuity products are not available in New York. ERIE Medicare supplement products are not available in the District of Columbia or New York. ERIE long term care products are not available in the District of Columbia and New York.
Eligibility will be determined at the time of application based upon applicable underwriting guidelines and rules in effect at that time.
Your ERIE agent can offer you practical guidance and answer questions you may have before you buy.
A better insurance experience starts with ERIE.
Haven't heard of us? Erie Insurance started with humble beginnings in 1925 with a mission to emphasize customer service above all else. Though we've grown to reach the Fortune 500 list, we still haven't lost the human touch.
Contact Northwestern Insurance Agency today to experience the ERIE difference for yourself.


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Billabong All Day Layback Elastic Boardshorts - Rose
Billabong All Day Layback Elastic Boardshorts - Rose
Subbing out trims in favor of maximum flexibility, utility and comfort, the All Day Layback Elastic Waist Boardshorts offer all-around stretchiness and everyday style. Your essential men's trunks up the comfort level and the eco-consciousness with recycled Surf Suede fabric, a buttery soft fabric that keeps plastic bottles out of landfills. An elastic waist lets you fine-tune your fit for the surf or street, finishing it all off with Micro Repel water-repellent coating to keep your trunks lighter and drier for longer. The men's boardshorts are cut with a short 16 inch outseam.
Men's layback boardshort.
- Made with recycled fabric.
- Elasticated waist.
- Micro Repel water repellent coating.
- Light weight, quick dry.
- Length: short
- Outseam: 16"
Shipping & Returns
Shipping & Returns
The Chat button on the bottom right side of the website is the best way to contact us online. If we don't answer, leave a message we will reply via email.
How To Return An Item
Your item must be in its original unused condition to be returned, unless there is a manufacturers defect. Your must return the item within 30 days of your purchase. Buyer is responsible for cost of shipping items back to Surf World.
1. Mail your returned item to:
Surf World
Returns Department
4411 N Federal Hwy
Fort Lauderdale FL 33308
2. Include in your package a note stating the reason for your return and your order number.
You can return a item purchased online in person at our store located at the above address.
Please bring your original receipt.
Return Exceptions
Surfboards and paddle boards cannot be returned.
Some items cannot be returned if they are opened. These include videos, skateboards that have been ridden, ect.
Merchandise that has been worn, used, ridden or altered will not be accepted for return or exchange.
Restocking Fee
Items maybe subject to a 10% or MORE restocking fee, this will be deducted from your refund. If you send back clothing that is covered in pet hair, smells like smoke or is not in the condition it was sold, expect to pay a restocking fee. We also do not refund the original shipping and handling that you paid on the order.
If your clothing item is in like new condition, you may exchange your clothing item for a different size or color. You will not be subject to a restocking fee in this case, but you still will have to pay return shipping.
Shipping Policy
FREE Standard Shipping on most regular priced items over $25 in the Continental USA.
This offer does not apply to most Surfboards and Paddleboards, Skateboards and a few other items. Please give us a call for more info before purchasing if you have a question about shipping. (954) 545-7873
We try and ship all orders within 24 - 48 hours Monday - Friday. We are open 7 days a week, so we are processing orders even when the shipping companies are not shipping. We do this to have your orders ready to go as soon as possible.
We use the following carriers to deliver our orders:
Trucking Freight
Order Tracking
If a tracking # is provided by the shipping carrier, we will update your order with the tracking information. Please note that some orders using 1st Class USPS mail will not have tracking numbers, but all first class package orders do include tracking #'s.
Back Orders - Out of Stock
If an item sells out, we remove the ability to purchase the item, in the case that an item is out of stock and you are still able to purchase the item online. We will notify you when we expect the item back in stock and give you the choice of whether you want a refund or have the item shipped as soon as possible. If the item you purchased is no longer available we will issue you a refund as soon as possible.
Surfboard and Paddle Board Shipping:
continental U.S
- Bodyboards: $20.00 Shipping
- Boards under 60" Beater Boards: $30.00 Shipping
- Surfboards 6'2″ & Under: $50.00 Shipping
- Surfboards 6'3″ to 7'11″: $75.00 Shipping
- Surfboards 8'0 to 9'0: $119.00 Shipping
- Surfboards 9'1″ to 10'0: $129.00 Shipping
- Surfboards 10'1″ & Up: Email email@example.com or call the shop @ 954-545-7873 for a shipping quote
Paddle Board Shipping Policy.
- Paddle Boards upto 12' $139 Shipping to your nearest freight terminal in the continental U.S , you will have to go pick up your board from the terminal, most cities have a local terminal. ADD $100 for home delivery on paddle boards. If your paddle board was included in our free terminal shipping offer, you can have it delivered to your door for $100.
Privacy Policy
This policy covers how we use your personal information. We take your privacy seriously and will take all measures to protect your personal information.
What Information Do We Collect?
We only collect information that we need that is related to your order. This includes your:
Billing Address
Shipping Address
Email Address
last for digits of your Credit Card Information
In addition we also collect information on your IP address, browser type, and Refer URL data. We use this data to prevent hacking attempts, help us know what web browsers people are using, and find out where our visitors are coming from so that we can improve our marketing.
How Is My Information Used?
Your information is only used to fill your order. We do not sell or redistribute your information to ANYONE.
Security and Storage
Only your order data billing, shipping, and order contents data is stored on our server. This information is encrypted using a Secure Sockets Layer before it is transmitted over a web server. We do not store your Credit Card data.
Cookies and Browser Information
Cookies are small files that reside on your computer and allow us to recognize you on your next visit or store your shopping cart contents. We use them only to track this information.
Accessibility Statement
SurfWorld.us is committed to providing an accessible website that is user-friendly to all visitors, including those with disabilities. We are continuously working to ensure that our website meets or exceeds the requirements of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1 Level AA.
Accessibility Features Our website has several features to enhance accessibility, including but not limited to:
- Alternative text descriptions for images
- Captions for videos
- Clear and simple language
- Keyboard navigation
- Logical and consistent structure
- Ability to increase text size
- High contrast mode
- Accessible forms
Third-party Tools and Integration SurfWorld.us uses third-party tools and applications that are integral to our website's functionality. We have taken steps to ensure that these tools are accessible and meet or exceed accessibility standards.
Accessibility Feedback We welcome feedback on the accessibility of our website. If you have any suggestions or difficulties accessing content on our website, please contact us through our contact form, email or by phone.
Future Improvements SurfWorld.us is committed to continuous improvement in accessibility. We will regularly review our website to ensure that it remains accessible to all users. We will also work to ensure that new features and updates adhere to accessibility standards.
Contact Information If you have any questions, comments, or concerns about the accessibility of our website, please contact us using the following methods:
- Phone: 1-954 545-7873
Last updated: February 2023.


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