text:
- A-P or a-p
antero-posterior, from front to back
- abdomen
area of the body between chest and pelvis
- abdominal
pertaining to the abdomen
- abduct, abduction
movement of a body part away from the midline of the body
- abducted gait
walking with the legs spread away from the midline
- abductor
muscle that moves a body part away from the midline of the body
- ability to walk
walking, mobility, quality of life factor
- ablatio mammae
surgical removal of female breast
- ablation
surgical removal
- above elbow (AE) amputation
amputation through the humerus between the shoulder joint and the elbow joint
- above elbow (AE) prosthesis
prosthesis for a person with a trans-humeral amputation
- above the knee (AK) amputation
amputation through the femur (thigh bone) between the hip joint and the knee joint
- above the knee (AK) prosthesis
prosthesis for transfemoral amputation - (AK)
- abrasion
superficial rub or wearing off of the skin
- abscess
localized collection of pus in a cavity formed by the disintegration oftissue
- abutment
in osseointegration: the coupling projecting through the skin between the implant (fixture) and the external appliance
- acceleration
rate of change of velocity with respect to time
- acceleration phase
sub-phase in the swing phase of gait
- ACE wrap, Ace bandage
stretchable, expandable bandage for joint support
- acetabulum
concave pelvic component of the hip joint receiving the femoral head
- acetone
liquid solvent
- achilles tendon
tendon at distal end of calf muscles attached to the calcaneus
- acrylic resin
thermo-setting resin on an acrylic base
- actuator
device converting electric or hydromechanical energy to mechanical movement.
- acute
rapid onset or short duration of a condition
- adapter
device coupling two different ends
- adduct; adduction
movement of a body part towards the midline of the body
- adductor
muscle moving a body part towards the midline of the body
- adductor roll
medial-proximally located roll oft soft tissue (TF-prosthetics)
- adhesion
- adhesion contact socket
contact socket, type of suction socket
- adipose
containing fat cells
- adjust
act of correcting something according to general standards or individual needs, also: re-align
Activities of Daily Living
- admission
the act ofaccepting a person for treatment in a hospital or clinic
- adolescent
person between the onset of puberty and maturity
- adult
fully mature person
- aerobic
any biological process that occurs in the presence ofoxygen
- aetiology, etiology
origin or cause of a disease
orthosis that encompasses the ankle joint and whole or part of the foot
- agenesis
absence or failure to develop of any part or organ
- agonist
muscle opposed in action by another muscle called the antagonist
- aid
means of support; O&P: a device of supporting function, as walking aid etc.
- aids for daily living, ADL
aid for daily living
- air splint
orthosis containing an air chamber(s)
- AK-prosthesis
prosthesis for person with a trans-femoral amputation
- AK-socket
socket of trans-femoral prosthesis
- akinesia
loss of the ability to control motor muscles
- alignment
establishment of the position in space of the components of a prosthesis or orthosis relative to one another and the user
- alignment (of a joint)
spatial relationship between the segments that comprise the joint
- alignment (of a skeletal segment)
spatial relationship between the ends of the segment
- alignment (of the trunk or any part thereof)
spatial relationship between the relevant two vertebrae
- alignment components (of prostheses)
components of prostheses that permit changes in the position of the components of the prosthesis relative to one another
- allergy
over-reaction of the immune system against ?foreign? matter (allergen)
- alloy
mixture of metals to obtain specific characteristics.
- ALLURION? foot
low height energy storing/returning multi-flexible carbonfibre composite foot
- aluminum, aluminium
low density metal
- ambulate, ambulation
walk; bipedal movement from place to place
- ambulation
the act of bipedal motion or moving/walking from place to place
- ambulator
a frame to assist ambulation
- amputation
surgical removal of an external body part
- amputation level
the part of the body through which the amputation is performed such as trans-tibial, trans-metatarsal, trans-humeral.
- amputee
individual who has had an amputation
- amputee care
management of amputees by an interdisciplinary team
- anaerobic
any biologic process that occurs in the absence of oxygen
- analgesia
pain relief
- analyse
to examine critically
- analysis
the process of detailed research on components of a whole
- anamnesis
medical case history of a patient
- anastomosis
the surgical connection of two like tubular body tissues- can be nerves, blood vessels, or bowel
- anatomical landmark
visible or palpable body structure used as a reference point
- anatomical suspension
suspension obtained by anchoring the socket to the underlying anatomy
- anatomy
science of structure of organisms
- anesthesia
loss of feeling or sensation.
- angiogenesis
growth and proliferation of blood vessels
- angiography
imaging process that uses dye injected into blood vessels
- angularity
the property of a shape with intersecting borders
- angulus sub-publicus
angle of the pubic ramus, important in IC-sockets
- ankle
joint between the distal ends of the tibia and fibula and the proximal end of the talus
- ankle block
connector between prosthetic foot and shin
- ankle joint
joint between the tibia, the fibula and the talus
- ankle-brachial index (ABI)
ratio between ankle and arm systolic blood pressures
- ankle-foot device
functional component of a prosthesis designed to substitute for some of the functions of the normal ankle and foot by means of controlled motions
- ankle-foot orthosis (AFO)
orthosis that encompasses the ankle joint and whole or part of the foot
- ankylosis
pathological fusion of a joint.
- anoxia
reduction in the amount of oxygen carried to tissues per unit of time
- antagonist
muscle opposed in action by another muscle called the agonist
- anterior
- antero-lateral
front and outer sides
- antero-medial
front and inner sides
- anteversion
forward tilt of a body part; opposite of retroversion.
- anthropometry
measurement of the human body
- anti?
- antibiotic
medication for the treatment of microbial infection
- anvil
block of iron, surface used in forging metal
- apex
top or summit, the highest point, the peak
- appliance (in O&P)
instrument designed for a particular (functional) purpose; O&P: orthotic device / prosthetic device = orthosis / prosthesis
- application
making work or connecting to?
- apprentice
student learning a profession or craft in a structured approach
- apprenticeship (course)
training course for vocational education
- appropriate
most suitable
- appropriate technology
technology appropriate for a particular person, place or environment
- arch
curvedbody structure (e.g.; arches of the foot)
- arch support
a support for the arch of the foot
- arteriography, arteriogram
angiographyof arteries
- artery
blood vessel transportingblood from the heart
- arthritis
acute or chronic joint inflammation
- arthrodesis
permanent surgical immobilization of a joint
- arthroplasty
surgical reconstruction of a joint
- arthrosis
degenerative joint disease; synonym for osteoarthritis
- articulating components(of orthoses)
functional components of orthoses that allow or control the motion of anatomical joints (joints for spinal orthoses, hip, knee,ankle, foot/toe, shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand/finger)
- articulation
a joint
- aseptic
not caused by bacterial infection
anterior superior iliac spine
- assessment
process of gathering information about thefunctioning of an individual
- assistive products; assistive devices
products (including devices, equipment, instruments, technology, and software) that prevent, compensate, monitor, relieve, or neutralizing impairments, activity limitations, and/ or participation restrictions
- atheromatosis
Deposits of cholesterol and other fats in the walls of medium and large arteries (also called atherosclerosis)
- atherosclerosis
A hardening of the walls of the arteries caused by atheromatosis
- athetosis
continuous involuntary movements of the limbs
- athletic
highly physically active; participating in competitive sports
- atrophy
shrinkage, wastage of biological tissue
- augment
- autolysis
latin. auto=self, lysis=dissolution; self-dissoluting process of devitalised tissue; proteolytic enzymes and macrophage activity is thought to be responsible for autolysis.
- autonomic nervous system
part of the nervous system, not under voluntary control
- axial rotator
functional component of a prosthesis designed to allow transverse plane rotation
- axilla, axillary
the armpit, relating to the axilla
- back
the posterior aspect of the trunk, extending from the base of the neck to the buttocks
- bacteria
type of infective microorganism
- balance
a state of equilibrium
- ball bearing
bearing box containing a ring of balls designed to minimize resistance to rotation
- ball joint
joint that permits angular motion in all planes
- band
1. tie 2. reinforcement structure
- bandage, non-elastic
fabric wrapping used to support tissue
- bandage, to
process of applying bandages, taping
- bandaging technique (for stumps)
process of applying (compression) bandages to a recently amputated residual limb
- bandagist
orthotist specialized in soft orthotics, mastectomy prostheses etc.
- bar
structural component of an orthosis that connects the articulating and interface components and maintains the alignment
- barrier
structure or object that impedes free movement
- Barthel Index
measure based on 10 items specific to activities of daily living (ADL) and mobility
below elbow
- bearing
a part that supports and guides the movement of another part
- bed exercises
early PT - treatment in bed after disease or surgical intervention
- bed sore
ulcer caused by pressure/shear on skin over a bony prominence; pressure sore, decubitus ulcer
- below elbow (BE) amputation
amputation below the elbow joint
- below elbow (BE) prosthesis
prosthesis after amputation below the elbow joint
- belt
suspension component of prostheses/orthoses, also light abdominal bandage
- bench
workstation, worktable
- bench alignment
alignment of prosthetic or orthotic components based on technical characteristics and patient data
- bend, to
to shape in a curve or kink; providing a shape or contour to sidebars, bands etc.
- bending iron
set of two contouring tools for metal bar bending
- bending moment
product of a force and the perpendicular distance between the force and the point the bending moment refers to
- benign
being of kind disposition. applies to nonmalignant tumours
- bevel
chamfer an edge
- biaxial joint
joint with two axes
- big toe
great (first) toe; hallux
- bilateral
relating to both sides
- bilateral amputation
amputation of both lower limbs or both upper limbs at the same time
- bilateral amputee
individual who has had an amputation of both lower or both upper limbs
- bilateral prosthetic management
pediatric bilateral transfemoral prosthetic management
- bioelectricity
electric phenomena in humans, animals or plants
- bioengineering
application of engineering sciences in medicine and biology
- biofeedback therapy
technique in which patients are trained to gainvoluntary control over certain physiological functions by providing sensory feedback
- biological (physiological) age
assessment of a person's age
- biology
science pertaining to living structures
- biomechanics
application of mechanics in medicine and biology
- bionic knee
motorized and computer-controlled, electromechanic, prosthetic knee joint
- bionics
technology used to replace or augment a particular physiological functions by electronic or electromechanical human-like components. Such components may be programmed to be self-learning.
- biscapular abduction
bringing both shoulders forward simultaneously (prosthetic control motion)
- BK amputation
amputation of the lower limb between the knee joint and the ankle joint
- BK prosthesis
prosthesis for person with a trans-tibial amputation
- BK socket
socket for trans-tibial prosthesis
- blister
fluid-filled space within the epidermis
- blister (vacuum) forming
thermal molding of a plastic sheet, heldin a frame, by applying a vacuum
- block heel
wide basis heels
- blood clot
gelatinous mass of coagulated blood
- blood flow
movement of blood within the vessels
- body
the whole structure of an individual
- body jacket
type of spinal orthoses
- body powered
powered by the person using muscles (as opposed to outside energy)
- body-image
self-perception of one's body
- bolts
machine screw and similar
- bonding agent
adhesive substance (e.g. glue, cement)
- bone
type of tissue making up the skeleton
- bone loss syndrome
reduction of bony mass
- bone spur
protrusion of bone or fragment of bone
- bonification
soft tissue gradually changing into bony tissue
- bony bridge
spontaneous or surgical bone connection between bones (e.g. tibia and fibula)
- bony landmark
visible or palpable bone structure giving reference points
- bony lock (O&P)
m-l tight locking design in ischial containment sockets
- bordering
providing a smooth trim line or brim
- Boston Brace
type of spinal orthosis developed for adolescent scoliosis treatment
- bouncy mechanism
part of a prosthetic knee unit that provides shock absorption by limited flexion
- bowleg
deformity in which the normal femoro-tibial angle in the coronal plane (valgus) is reversed (varus)
- brace
outdated term for orthosis
- brain, cerebrum
part of the central nervous system enclosed in the cranium
- braze
metal joining technique using a molten filler metal alloy having a melting temperature greater than about 425 ¯ C
- brazing tool
tool for heat supported metal soldering
- brim
proximal part of a socket or orthotic shell; casting tool / template
- BRöCKNER amputation
short trans-tibial amputation for the dysvascular patient with resection of the fibula and resection of muscles except for the medial gastrocnemius. purpose: improvement of primary healing
- brooch / hook
hooks holding a lace, closure of shoes etc.
- buffing
creating a shiny surface finish
- build-up (tech.)
location of added plaster in modifications of plaster casts
- bulbous stump
stump with a distal circumference greater than more proximally
- BURGESS amputation
trans-tibial amputation using a long posterior myocutaneous flap
- burn
thermal injury
- burn compression garment
compression garment (also used for burn-, keloid treatment)
- bursa
sac or sac-like cavity containing viscous fluid
- by-law
law, or internal regulation made by a local legal authority, a corporation or a professional association
- bypass
surgical procedure, creating an alternative path using a vein or artificial graft for the flow of blood,designed to increase blood flow to an organ or extremity
- c-clamp
clampingtool (woodwork)
Computer Aided Design, Computer Aided Manufacture
- CAD CAM mill
CNC (Computerized Numerically Controlled) milling machine for CAD-CAM applications
- CAD CAM scanner mobile
optical laser scanner for mobile use
- CAD CAM scanner static
optical laser scanner for stationary use
- cadence
number of steps per unit of time
- calcaneus
heel bone; os calcis
- calcification, calcified
deposition of calcium salts in body tissues
- calculation
process of determining something by mathematical or logical methods
- calf
posterior fleshy aspect of the lower leg, including the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles
- calf band
connection between side bars at level of the calf
- calf corset
circumferential calf shell in an orthosis
- caliper, calliper (O&P)
outdated term for a specific orthosis (externally applied device used to modify the structural and functional characteristics of the neuro muscular and skeletal systems)
- caliper, calliper (tech.)
instrument for measuring the precise distance between two points
- Canadian Hip Disarticulation Prosthesis
prosthesis for person with hip disarticulation
- cancer
malignant and undifferentiated growth of cells
- cancerogenous
causing cancer
- cane
walking stick
- cap band
finishing element of trim lines, brims of corsets
- carbon fiber
high modulus, low weight fibre mainly made by carbonising polyacrylonitrile fibres at high temperature
- carbon fibre foot
energy returning prosthetic foot
- cardanic
two axes, aligned in 90 degrees toward each other
- cardanic joint
mechanical jointed linkage between two shafts, permitting rotation combined with transfer of torque; simultaneously permitting flexing in two planes of the joint around their longitudinal axes
- cardiac
pertaining to the heart (as: cardiac infarct?)
- cardiac infarct
myocardial infarction: cardiac tissue that is dying due to lack of oxygen
- cardiorespiratory function
pertaining to or affecting both the heart and the lungs and their function
- cardiovascular
pertaining to the heart and blood vessels
- care, the
attention and management implying responsibility for safety, as care of a sick person
- care, to
to manage implying responsibility for safety, as caring for a sick person
- carve
shaping by taking material off (chipping off, sanding off)
- cast (negative, concave)
mold: container into which liquid is poured to create the given shape once it hardens; plaster cast
- cast (positive, convex)
positive (plaster or similar) mold
- cast modification
process of modifying the positive model obtained by filling a negative cast in order to obtain a shape that specifies the whole or part of the form of the final prosthesis or orthosis
- cast removal
removal of plaster bandage from a poured plaster cast
- cast taking
acquisition and recording of all information required to construct the prosthesis (orthosis) by taking negative casts of the body segments
- caster
freely moving front wheels at a wheel chair
- casting and measurement taking
acquisition and recording of all information required to construct the prosthesis (orthosis) by means that may include the preparation of diagrams, tracing, measurements and negative casts of the body segments
- casting procedure
technique of getting 3-dimensional body impressions
- caudal
direction, toward distal end of the vertebral column (tail)
- cavovalgus foot deformity
foot deformity presenting with high medial arch combined with heel valgus
congenital dislocation of the hip
- cell (anat. & tech.)
smallest living unit; elementary technical unit
- cellular
made up from cells
- cellulitis
diffuse subcutaneous inflammatory process
- celluloid
one of the first plastic materials available
- cement
liquid or gel-like material that acts as an adhesive agent after curing
- center of gravity (COG)
the point in an object at which its weight is considered to act
- center of mass (COM)
the point in an object at which its mass is considered to act
- center punch
tool used to set a point-shaped mark in a piece of metal
- centrode
graph for the path of the instantaneous centers of rotation
- cerebral
pertaining to the cerebrum
- cerebral palsy
motor nerve disorder caused by permanent brain defect present at birth or soon after
- cerebral paresis
dysfunction of muscle tissue pertaining to cerebral trauma
- cerebro vascular accident
blood clot or bleeding in the brain
- cerebrum
the major part of the brain, occupying the upper part of the cranium
- cervical
pertaining to the neck
- cervical collar (cervical brace)
orthosis that encompasses the whole or part of the cervical region including the atlanto occipital joint
- cervical orthosis
orthosis that encompasses the whole or part of the cervical region including the atlanto occipital joint
- cervical spine
most proximal segments of the spinal column
- CETERUS? foot
energy storing/returning multi-flexible carbonfibre composite foot with shock absorber and rotator
- chairback brace
type of spinal orthosis designed to reduce lumbar lordosis
- chamfer
to thin out the edges of a material
- Charcot joint
almost painless joint and soft tissue destruction resulting from sensory neuropathy; most common in the foot and ankle (Charcot foot)
- check or diagnostic socket
transparent or translucent socket for assessing fit
- check-out
process of verifying that the finished condition of the prosthesis or orthosis ( including fit, function, and appearance) is satisfactory
- chest
region of the trunk between the neck and the abdomen
- chest expansion
volume increase of the chest caused by inhalation
- chiropodist (Canada)
medical doctor specialized in foot care (Canada)
- Chopart amputation
partial foot amputation at the mid tarsal (Chopart) joint line
- Chopart joint
mid-tarsal joint line between talus and navicular, and calcaneus and cuboid.
- chronic
long term (disease; opposite of acute)
- chronological (age)
actual (calendar) age
- circumduction of hip
Combined hip joint abduction and anterior pelvic rotation during swing phase
- circumference
the measurement around a physical body
- clam shell design
longitudinally split socket or shell
- claudication (vascular)
pain in the lower limbs due to impaired blood supply associated with activity
- clinic
facility providing outpatient public health services, including related services such as laboratories and treatment rooms.
- clinician
a health professional who is directly involved with the care and treatment of patients
- closure
mechanism used to close
- clot (blood)
gelatinous mass of coagulated blood
- club foot
congenital (or acquired) deformity of the foot, ankle and distal tibia; talipes equino varus
Computer Numeric Controlled design and manufacturing
central nervous system (brain)
cervical orthosis, orthosis for neck immobilization
Certified ... Orthotist..Prosthetist..Prosthetist/Orthotist (ISPO Category 1)
- coating
surface cover (as plastic coating of metal surfaces)
- coccyx
anatomy: the ?tailbone?, a bone fusion at the lower end of the spine
- coefficient of friction
number determining forces between sliding surfaces
- cognitive
referring to the thought process
- collar
orthosis that encompasses the whole or part of the cervical region including the atlanto occipital joint
- collateral ligament
ligaments bridging the side of joints
- colonization
presence of bacteria not causing infection
- community rehabilitation service
any community-based rehabilitation service, possibly linked to other care services
- comorbidity
relative incidence of disease indicating the coexistence of two or more disease processes
- compatible (components)
capable of being used together
- compliance (patient)
adherence to prescribed therapy
- component(s)
part(s) of a whole; construction parts; pre-fab parts
- composite material
made of different materials
- compound
result of a chemical binding process
- compression hose
garment to treat varicosities and/or oedema
- compression therapy
application of elastic material around a body part to reduce or prevent oedema
- concave, concavity
inwardly curved, hollow (opposite of convex)
- condyle
cartilage covered rounded end of bone forming a joint surface
- congenital
present at birth
- conical stump
a stump being larger in the proximal circumference than in the distal circumference
- connective tissue
supports, binds, or separates more specialized tissues and organs of the body
- consecutive
following a sequence
- constant friction
continuous application of a braking force
- consultant
a person providing professional advice
- contact cushion
distal contact padding in prosthetic socket
- contact measuring
measuring while touching the object measured
- contact pad
contact cushion (prosthetics)
- contamination
pollution with unwanted substances, also microorganisms
- continuous passive motion (CPM)
continuously moving an unloaded joint using a motorized device
- contour drawing
draft of the outer perimeter of a body
- contour, the (noun)
outer perimeter of a body
- contour, to (verb)
creating a shape by forming, bending
- contouring
providing a shape or contour to sidebars, to reinforcing bands etc.
- contraction (muscle)
activity of a muscle (may be shortening, isometric or lengthening)
- contracture
pathological limitation of motion of joints
- contralateral
affecting or pertaining to the opposite side, opposite of ipsilateral
- control (medical)
process of comparing conditions against a standard or a set of target values
- control loop
technical means of continuously controlling a process including feedback for resetting to the desired values
- convalescence
gradual healing (through rest) after sickness or injury, the period of recovery
- convex, convexity
outwardly curved or bulged (opposite of concave)
- cooperation
act of working together for mutual goals
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: condition comprised primarily of chronic bronchitis and emphysema
- copy, transfer
bringing, copying etc. something from A to B
- copy, transfer device
device supporting (alignment) transfer from trial O&P device to definitive device
- copy+A394 or transfer device
device supporting (alignment) transfer from trial O&P device to definitive one
- cork
bark of a tree, natural cellular light weight material
- coronal plane
reference plane dividing the body into ventral and dorsal parts; perpendicular to sagittal and transverse planes (frontal plane)
- coronary arteries
arteries that deliver oxygenated blood to the heart itself
- correction
act of restoring towards normal
- correlate
establish relationships between variables
- correlation
measure of how strongly variables are pertaining, or change, with each other
- corrosion
deterioration of materials by chemical influences such as oxidation
- corset
circumferential shell; interface component of prostheses/orthoses:type of fabric spinal orthosis
- cosmetic components (of orthoses)
components of orthoses that provide shape, colour and texture; they include fillers andcovers or sleeves
- cosmetic components (of prostheses)
components of prostheses which simulate the appearance and feel of the normal limb: they include cosmetic fillers and shells and prosthetic skins and stockings
- cosmetic cover
cosmetic component of a prosthesis, shaped and coloured to resemble the natural limb
- countersink, to
taking the edge off a drilled hole, creating circular concavity
- coupler
a connective device
- cover
top layer that serves to conceal or shelter underlying structures
- covert
secret or hidden; not openly practiced or shown
- coxitis/coxarthritis
inflammation of the hip joint
- CPM, continuous passive motion
continuously moving an unloaded joint using a motorized device
Certified Prosthetist / Orthotist (ISPO Category I)
- craft & trade
European (German) vocational structuring system
- cranial
relating to the skull; towards the head
- crepitation, crepitus
the crackling sound that can be felt/heard from fracturedbony ends; arthritic joints or from tissues affected with gas gangrene.
- crossline filing
using a handheld file in a 90 degrees offset direction
- cruciate ligaments
intra-articular ligaments of the knee
- crutch
walking aid that may provide forearm or axillary support
Community based Rehabilitation Worker (WHO Geneva)
- CT, computer tomography
method to take radiographs in sequential slices
Cervico-Thoraco-Lumbo-Sacral Orthosis; orthosis that encompasses the whole or part of the cervical, the thoracic, the lumbar and the sacro-iliac regions including the atlanto-occipital joint
Cervico-Thoraco Orthosis; orthosis that encompasses the whole or part of the cervical and the thoracic regions including the atlanto-occipital joint
- cuff
interface component of an orthosis - a narrow flexible wholly or partially circumferential shell that encompasses a body segment, or part thereof
- cup, connection cup
socket connector in prosthetics
- cure, the (noun - med.)
healing; desired result of therapy
- cure, to (verb - med.)
medical therapeutic measure
- cure, to (verb - techn.)
to set, harden
- curvature
degree of curving of a line or surface; a mathematically describable property
- cushion
upholstered device, providing a soft surface
- cushioning
act of applying or the result of having applied pads or cushioning materials
- custom made
device that is designed and manufactured to meet functional requirements of the individual user from information such as moulds, models, measurements and images
- cylindrical stump
stump being approximately equal in the proximal and distal circumferences
- cyst
abnormal tissue sac containing liquid or semi-solid matter
- debridement
wound care measure; removal of non-vital tissues and foreign material to prevent infection and permit healing
- deceleration
the rate of decrease of velocity with respect to time
- deceleration phase
sub-phase in the swing phase of gait
- decree
decision or order of the Court, text in the law or regulation with law-like character
- decubitus ulcer
ulcer caused by pressure/shear on skin over a bony prominence; pressure or bed sore
- deficiency
state in which one or more bones of a limb are totally absent, partially absent, or hypoplastic
- deficiency
shortcoming in health caused by a disease or impairment
- deficit
shortfall or shortcoming
- deflector plate
leaf spring design in prosthetic feet, energy return device
- deformity
abnormal shape or structure that mayinfluence function; alignment of a skeletal segment or joint (may be abnormal, preventable, reducible or irreducible/fixed)
- degeneration
biological wear and tear
- dehydration
excessive loss of water from the body
- Delrin
thermoplastic material, used as a flexible, energy returning keel
- dementia
chronic degenerative loss of mental capacity; may involve progressive deterioration of cognitive capabilities, behavior, personality and motor function.
- deposit
(biological or pathological) storage mechanism, sediment
- dermatitis
inflammation of the skin
- derotating orthosis
orthosis for derotation - one of the principles of scoliosis treatment
- design
functional lay-out and planning to work from for a defined outcome; an arrangement of lines and shapes as a decoration
- dessication
removal of water; the process of drying
- device
instrument designed for a particular (functional) purpose; O&P: orthotic device / prosthetic device = orthosis / prosthesis
- dexterity
skill in using the hands
- diabetes mellitus
disease caused by insufficient insulin production or lack of responsiveness to insulin
- diabetic gangrene
death of tissue caused by diabetes
- diabetic ulcer
ulcer caused by pressure/shear on skin over a bony prominence in foot or lower leg in diabetes mellitus (related to loss of sensation)
- diagnosis
searching and finding a cause and details of disease
- diaphysis
shaft of a long bone
- dimension
seize as measured
- dimensional stability
keeping the dimensions
- diplegia
abnormal muscle activity (hypertonicity) affecting both sides of body with lower limbs more affected than upper limbs: as in cerebral palsy
- direct socket technique
manufacture of a prosthetic socket directly on the amputee's limb
- directive
formal guidance, instructions, or orders issued by an organization
- disability
umbrella term for impairments, activity limitations and participation restrictions
- disabled person
person with a disability, handicap, see: disability
- disarticulation
amputation directly through a joint
- disc
flat circular plate; sometimes short for intervertebral disc
- disease
impairment of health or physiological functioning together with disorders, injuries forming health conditions
- dislocation
total displacement of the joint surfaces relativeto each other
- distal
furthest away from the trunk; away from the trunk
- DITI, Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging
imaging technique for measuring and displaying body temperature in various body segments. Thermography may be used to track the skin temperature (blood supply of the skin).
- doff
take off
- doffing a prosthesis
taking off a prosthesis
- dominant
leading, controlling
- don
put on
- donning a prosthesis
putting on a prosthesis
- donning aid
aid to don a prosthesis as pull sock, stockinet, parachute silk, silk tie etc.
- doppler ultrasonography
ultrasound transducer/receiver:The sound wave reflected by the blood flow pulse wave allows qualitative evaluation of blood flow through the artery.
- dorsal
pertaining to the dorsum = back, posteriorly located
- dorsiflexion
movement of the foot towards the shin (at the ankle joint);extension
- double blind study
method of medical investigation in which neither the subject nor the investigator knows what treatment, if any, the subject is receiving. Improves objectivity of the result.
- draft
first drawing of a new idea, sketch or design with a preliminary character
- drainage
system designed to remove liquids from a structure
- drawer effect
anterior-posterior instability of the knee caused by slack cruciates
- dressing
wound covering
- drill bit
spiraled cutting tool to drill holes with
- drill, to (verb)
to machine a hole
- dry gangrene
dry black devitalized tissue
Direct Socket (Lamination) Technique
- Duchenne's disease
disease causing severe progressive muscular deterioration
- Duchenne's sign
trunk bends lateral toward stance leg during stance phase
- Dupuytren?s contracture
thickening and fibrosis of the palmar fascia leading to flexion contracture of fingers
- durometer
indicator for hardness, stiffness
- duroplastic resin
synthetic resin, not thermoplastic after initial curing
- dynamic alignment
process whereby the alignment of the prosthesis or orthosis optimized by using observations of the movement pattern of the patient
- dynamic alignment heel wedge
heel bumper in prosthetic foot determining heel stiffness
- dynamics
science of forces on bodies (with and without motion) including kinetics, kinematics and statics, collectively
- dystrophy
pathologic loss of muscle mass
- dysvascular
pertaining to decreased blood flow
European Community
- eczema
inflammatory condition of the skin
Elbow Disarticulation - amputation of the upper limb at the elbow joint
- edema, oedema
swelling, extracellular collection of fluids in the soft tissue
- effective
producing or capable of producing an intended result
- efficient
being effective without wasting significant time or effort or expense
- elastic
property of a material that deforms under load and completely recovers its shape after removal of the load
- elastic anklet
type of fabric ankle-foot orthosis
- elastic bandage
stretchable, expandable bandage for joint support
- elastic knee sleeve
knee supporting soft orthosis, tt-prosthetic suspension
- elbow
hinge joint between the forearm and upper arm
- elbow disarticulation
amputation of the upper limb at the elbow joint
- elbow units
prosthetic functional component designed to substitute for some of the functions of the normal elbow joint by means of controlled motions
- elderly amputee
geriatric amputee
- electric
pertaining to electricity
- electrical stimulation
neuromuscular stimulation by electric impulses
- electricity
physical phenomenon associated with moving electrons
- electromyography
recording of electrical activity of a muscle
- elevate
raise to a higher position
- elevation
elevated (higher) position
- embedding
enclosing, encapsulating, (German: socket retainer function)
- embossing
manual shaping of sheet metal by special hammer
electromyography, the recording of electrical activity of a muscle
- end cushion
pad-like construction, used in prosthetic sockets to improve end-contact and end-bearing of stumps
- end pad
distal contact padding in prosthetic socket
- endo-skeletal
type of prosthetic construction where the structural components are normally covered by cosmetic components
- endoskeletal prosthesis
prosthesis in which the structural components are covered by cosmetic components
- energy
source for work
- energy consumption
use of energy in physical activities
- energy efficiency
rate for efficiency or ratio between output energy and input energy
- energy expenditure
amount of energy consumed in physical activities
- energy return
quantity of energy stored by a material deformed under load, which is released when it returns to its initial shape
- energy return - sample
energy returning prosthetic foot
elbow orthosis - orthosis that encompasses the elbow joint
- epicondylitis
inflammation of the origin of a ligament(s) or tendon at the epicondyle (e.g. tennis elbow)
- epidermis
outer layer of the skin
- epiphysis
distal/proximal ends of a bone separated during childhood from the shaft of the bone by growth cartilage or physis
- equilibrium
condition in which the sums of the forces and moments acting upon a body are equal to zero
- equinovalgus foot deformity
congenital or acquired foot deformity presenting with valgus and plantar flexion
- equinovarus foot deformity
congenital or acquired foot deformity presenting with varus and plantar flexion
- Ertl's bony bridge
surgical bone fusion between tibia and fibula using osteomyoplasty
- eschar
hard thick scab covering a wound
- et al.
latin for "and others"
- etiology, aetiology
causes or origin of a disease
- evaluation
to form an opinion of the amount, value or quality of something after analysis of collected information
- eversion
rotation of the foot about an antero-posterior axis away from the midline
- evidence
the proof of?
orthosis that encompasses the elbow and the wrist joints and the hand
- examination
physical investigation and evaluation of functional health condition of an individual
- exo-skeletal
type of prosthetic construction in which the structural components are located peripherally and also constitute the shape of the prosthesis
- extension
stretching or straightening a flexed limb stretching, straightening, making longer
- extension assist
strap, spring, or other means assisting joint extension
- extension moment
force (torque) causing extension (straightening) of joints
- extension stop
bumper or other means of extension limitation
- extensor
muscle causing extension
- external
pertaining to the outside (opposite: internal)
- external (side) joints
external side joints (of prostheses) are designed to constrain unwanted motion of the human joint(s):they include hip, knee and ankle joints
- external fixation
outside orthotic fixation (of a fracture or a surgical result)
- extremity
upper limb: that part of the body comprising the hand, the forearm, the upper arm, the shoulder girdle and the intermediate joints.
- exudate
sum of all liquidized material that accumulates in a wound during infection
- fabric corset
textile orthosis for the abdomen or trunk
- fabricate
make or produce a product from various different materials or components
- fabrication
the procedure of mechanically creating a device
- fascia
sheet or band of fibrous tissue that covers, supports, and separates all muscles and muscle groups
- fatality
resulting in death
- fatigue (muscles)
decreased muscle efficiency with activity
- fatigue (tech.)
reduction in strength of a material caused by repeated loading
- Federal Trade Association
German professional trade association
- feedback
return of information
- felt
material made up from compressed, interwoven hair or fiber
- female
the woman species in a creature (opposite: male)
- femoral channel
dorso-lateral convex channel in a transfemoral prosthetic socket
- femoral condyle
bulbous distal prominence of the femur (medial or lateral)
- femur
bone that extends from the pelvis to the knee
functional electrical stimulation
- fetus, foetus
unborn offspring
- fibre glass, fiber glass
glass fibre reinforcedcomposite
- fibrin
protein that forms the fibrous network in coagulated blood
- fibula
outer and smaller of the two bones that extend from the knee to the ankle
- fibular head
the proximal end of the fibula
- filament
a delicate fiber or thread
- filler
cosmetic component of prostheses
- FIM, Functional Independence Measurement
Functional Independence Measurement, a tool for rehabilitation outcome measurement
- final level amputation
amputation at the last level on which healing has occurred
- finishing
manufacturing processes performed after dynamic alignment in order to produce the prosthesis or orthosis in its final state
- finishing (the edges)
providing a smooth trim line or brim
- fit (P&O)
appropriate size and shape, for optimal comfort and function
- fitting (P&O)
the process of achieving a fit
- fixed flexion contracture
joint flexion position that cannot be altered passively
- flab, flabby
soft fatty body tissue hanging loosely
- flaccid paralysis
non-spastic (atonic) loss of voluntary muscle activity
- flap (amputation surgery)
soft tissue stump closure
- flare
bony surface whose shape opens outwards (as the tibial flare)
- flat
without surface irregularities
- flatfoot
foot deformity with a reduced height of longitudinal arch; pes planus
- flexion
bending a joint (opposite of extension)
- flexion assist (P&O)
mechanism assisting (joint) flexion
- flexion contracture
loss of full extension of a joint with some remaining active joint flexion
- flexion moment
mechanical effect causing bending of a joint
- flexor
muscle creating a flexion moment
- floor reaction orthosis
orthosis utilizing ground reaction forces to assist knee extension stability
- FO (foot orthosis or finger orthosis)
orthosis that encompasses the whole or part of the foot;orthosis that encompasses the whole or part of a finger
- foam
cellular resin (polyurethane foam hard or soft)
- foam cover
cosmetic component of a prosthesis that provides the required shape of the prosthesis and in some instances simulates the feel of soft tissue
- foaming
process of creating a foam connection between prosthetic components
- foetus, fetus
unborn offspring
- folliculitis
inflammation or infection of hair follicles
- follow-up
monitoring of results or consequences of an intervention
- foot
that part of the lower limb distal to the ankle joint (functionally developed for floor-contact and force and motion transfer in locomotion)
- foot cradle
anatomically adapted plantar foot support
- foot flat
the instant at which full foot contact with the ground occurs (coincides with the end of loading response subphase of the gait cycle)
- foot slap
uncontrolled plantar flexion of the foot during loading response
- force
that which tends to cause a change in the state of motion of a body (acceleration or deceleration): results in stress and strain in that body
- forearm
upper limb between the elbow joint and wrist joint
- forequarter amputation
amputation of the upper limb at the scapula-thoracic and the sternoclavicular joints.
- forge, the
workshop where metal is reshaped by heating, hammering, and/or pressing
- forge, to
reshaping metal by heating, hammering, and/or pressing
- four prong adapter
Socket adapter for long residual limbs
- fracture
break in a bone
- fragilitas osseum
disorder characterized by brittle, osteoporotic, easily fractured bones
- frame
rigid structure; basis for attachments
- framed socket
flexible socket supported by a rigid outer structure
- free flap
soft tissue transferred from its original location to cover a distant defect
- freehand drawing
manually produced sketch or design
- frequency
the number of occurrences or cycles within a given time period
- friction
force resisting sliding motion
- frontal plane
anatomical reference plane; as seen from the front: perpendicular to sagittal and transverse planes
- fulcrum
a point or support on which a lever pivots
- functional amputation level
amputation level at which the patient is best able to perform activities of daily living
- functional component(s) (of prostheses)
components of prostheses that substitute for some of the dynamic and sensory attributes of the limb
- functional level
degree of function a person achieves
- functional level 0
USA and Germany: Amputee not foreseen for prosthetic management
- functional level 1
USA and Germany: Amputee - indoor ambulator
- functional level 1 prosthesis
prosthesis satisfying minimal basic needs of ambulation and ambulatory safety only
- functional level 2
USA and Germany: Amputee -indoor and limited outdoor ambulator
- functional level 3
USA and Germany: Amputee -unlimited outdoor ambulator - averagely active
- functional level 3 TF-prosthesis
prosthesis satisfying most needs of mobility of the healthy, averagely active amputee
- functional level 3-4 TT-prosthesis
prosthesis satisfying most needs of mobility of the healthy, higher active amputee
- functional level 4
USA and Germany: Amputee -unlimited outdoor ambulator - highly active
- functional needs
activities that an individual requires to perform to support their personal lifestyle
- functional recovery
total or partial improvement of function
- fundamental
of basic importance
- gait
movement achieved using human limbs (walk, run, etc.)
- gait analysis
measurement and interpretation of a walking pattern
- gait deviation
departure from the normal walking patterns
- gait pattern
walking characteristics
- gait trainer
person providing education/instruction to an individual to improve their walking pattern
- gait training
education/instruction to improve the walking pattern
- galvanization
surface protection of a metal using an electrolytic process to apply a layer of another metal
- gangrene
death of tissue due to loss of blood supply
- gastrocnemeus
calf muscle acting across theknee and ankle joints
- gauge
measuring instrument (measures width / thickness)
- gear train joint
joint components, obligatorily interacting with each other trough geared connection
- gel
non-compressible liquid material characterised by its negligible shear module
- gender
sex; male or female
- genu
latin for knee joint
- genu recurvatum
hyper-extended knee joint (frequently seen in poliomyelitis)
- genu varum
deformity in which the knees are abnormally separated; "bow legs"
- genua valgum
deformity in which the knees ar abnormally close together; "knock knees"
- geometric locking
locking systematic of polycentric knee joints
- geometrical stance control
locking systematic for the provision of stance stability
- geriatric
pertaining to old age
- geriatric amputee
elderly amputee
- geriatrician
specialist taking care of old aged individuals
- gibbus
curve in the spine causing a bump or hump on the back
- girth
circumferential measurement of a body segment
- glue
adhesive material
- goniometer
device used to measure joint angles
- graft, autologous
tissue (usually skin) taken from one area of the body to cover a defect in another area
- granulation
formation of a grain-like surface on wounds consisting of capillaries
- grease
lubricant substance
- grid
surface modification by abrasion
- grind, to
particle size indication in abrasive materials
- Gritti-Stokes amputation
amputation through the femoral condyles with placement of the patella over the cut ends of the condyles
- ground reaction force
reaction by the ground to the force exerted by the foot at any time during the stance phase
- guillotine amputation
transverse amputation of the limb through all tissues at the same level
- haemo.., haema...
pertaining to the blood
- hallux, halluces
great toe
- halo brace
craniocervical orthosis with a ring (halo) attached to the skull with screws
- hamstrings
tendons bordering the popliteat fossa laterally and medially
- hand
that part of the upper limb distal to the wrist joint
- hand splint
orthosis that encompasses whole or part of the hand
- handicap
disadvantages experienced by the individual as a result of impairment and physical disabilities (WHO definition) insert more definition
- hard and soft foaming
technique of using hard and soft PU-foams in combination
- hard foam connector
foam connection between prosthetic components
amputation of the lower limb at the hip joint
- hd - heavy duty
designed to withstand above average normal loading conditions
- HD-socket
pelvic socket of the hip disarticulation prosthesis
High Density Polyethylene
- head
that part of the body above the neck including the cranium and the face
- heavy metal
group of metals with a specific gravity more than 5.0 Kg/M cubed (including lead and mercury)
- heel clamp prosthesis
partial foot prosthesis, suspension by a posterior "clamp"
- heel cup
foot orthosis, e.g.. Berkeley cup, Helfet cup
- heel off / heel rise
instant when the heel leaves the ground at the end of mid-stance subphase of the gait cycle
- heel spur
abnormal bony protrusion of the lower surface of the calcaneus
- heel strike
instant when the foot makes contact with the ground
- heel wedge
shoe adaptation designed to compensate for limb length abnormality/discrepancy
- Helfet?s heel cup
foot orthosis, similar Berkeley cup
- hematoma, haematoma
localized collection of blood in an organ, space or tissue
- hemicorporectomy
amputation through the lumbar spine
- hemipelvectomy
amputation of the whole lower limb together with all or part of the hemipelvis
- hemiplegia
paralysis of one half side of the body
- hemoglobin, haemoglobin
iron-protein component in the red blood cells that carries oxygen to body tissues
- hemovac wound drain
a tubular postoperative suction wound drainage system
- heredetary
genetically transmitted from parent to offspring
- hernia
protrusion of body part through a defect or opening
- hindfoot
posterior part of the foot (calcaneus and talus)
- hindquarter amputation
amputation of the whole lower limb together with all or part of the hemipelvis
- hinge
single axis joint
- hip dysplasia
insufficient development of the acetabulum leading to subluxation or dislocation of the head of the femur
- hip hiking
exaggerated upward movement (lifting) of the pelvis during the swing phase of gait
- hip joint, articulatio coxae
ball and socket joint between the head of the femur and the acetabulum in the os coxae
- hip positioning orthoses
hip orthosis designed to control the functional alignment of the hip joint
- hip socket
concave component of the hip joint
- hip spica
cast or wrap applied to pelvis and leg
- hip unit
prosthetic hip units designed to substitute for some of the functions of the normal hip joint by controlling motion
- hip-knee orthosis (HKO)
orthosis that encompasses the hip and knee joints
Hip-Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthosis: orthosis that encompasses thehip,knee andankle joints and the foot
Hand Orthosis: orthosis that encompasses whole or part of the hand; Hip Orthosis: orthosis that encompasses the hip joint
- hobby-handicraft
hobbyists work also meaning: non-professional result
- home equipment (in rehab)
assistive products designed for the patient's domestic use
- hook and eyelet closure
fastenings offabric corsets
- hook and pile closure
closure material with interlocking surfaces
- hook and pile, Velcro
self-adhesive strap material
- hop, to
jumping on one leg as a mode of forward progression
- horizontal plane
anatomical reference plane as seen from above; perpendicularto the sagittal and frontal planes
- humeral additional flexion unit
prosthetic humeral additional flexion units are designed to improve the effective range of elbow flexion of the prostheses
- humeral rotation unit
prosthetic humeral rotation units are designed to compensate for any restriction of the normal range of internal /external rotation of the shoulder joint
- humerus
bone between the shoulder and elbow joints
- hybrid
composed of elements of different origin
- hydraulic joint control
method of controlling prosthetic joint motion using a hydraulic mechanism
- hydrocolloid
a substance that forms a gel with water; occlusive hydrocolloid dressings keep the wound covered and moist
- hydrocolloid dressing
substance that forms a gel with water; used as a dressing that keeps the wound moist
- hygiene
science and practice of the preservation of health, especially cleanliness.
- hyper-reflexia
exaggerated reflexes
- hyper?
prefix: more than the norm
- hyperextension
extended beyond the normal
- hyperextension orthosis
spinal orthosis designed to increase extension ot the thoracic spine
- hyperplasia
abnormal multiplication or increase in the number of normal cells in a tissue
- hypertonia
excessive tone of skeletal muscle: increased resistance to passive stretching
- hypertonicity
increased muscle tone or muscle tension
- hypertrophy
overgrowth of an organ due to enlargement of its cells
- hypo?
prefix: less than the norm
- hypoplasia
biological structure significantly diminished in size; pertaining to a bone that is present significantly diminished in size, but not severely changed in shape
- hypothesis
an assumption not proved by experiment or observation that is made for the sake of testing its soundness
- hypotonia
diminished tone of skeletal muscle; diminished resistance to passive stretching
- hypotonicity
loss of muscle tone (or tension)
Ischial Containment
- IC-socket
ischial containment socket
Silicone roll on liner of the Ossur corporation (inventor)
- ICEX? pads
convex force transfer area for correction or retention
International Committee of the Red Cross
- idiopathic scoliosis
adolescent scoliosis ofunknown cause
- iliac crests
proximal bony prominences of the iliac bones
- ilium, os ilium
superior portion of the pelvis
- imaging
techniques producing images from physical body segments or physical conditions (as x-ray, CT, ultrasound, infrared thermography etc)
- immediate and early fitting
postoperative or early (within 1 week) provision of a prosthesis
- immobilization
to prevent motion of a joint or segment
- impaired
partial or complete loss of function
- impairment
condition of being diminished in strength, quality, or utility; also: mentally or physically unfit
- implant
device, material or tissue placed in the body
- in situ
Latin: in its natural place
- in vitro
in an artificial environment (opposite of in vivo)
- in vivo
within the living organism(opposite in vitro)
- incidence
the number of new cases of a condition occurring over a given period of time
- independence
free from control or influence of others; in rehabilitation a "quality of life parameter"
- infantile paralysis
- infarction
area of tissue necrosis due to local ischaemia
- infect
condition of contamination with pathogens or microorganisms
- infected
potential condition after contamination with pathogens or microorganisms
- infection
reaction to colonization with pathogenic bacteria; indicators: redness, swelling, pain
- inflammation
localized protective response to infection or injurycharacterized by pain, swelling, redness and heat and limited function
- infra?.
Latin,under or below
- inguinal hernia
protrusion of intra-abdominal organ through the inguinal canal
- inguinal truss
orthosis for inguinal hernia
- initial swing
subphase of the gait cycle that starts when the foot leaves the ground and ends when the leg achieves maximum knee flexion
- injury
trauma to a body part by an external force
- inpatient
person who has been admitted to hospital or treatment center and stays overnight
- insensate
lacking sensation
- insole
type of foot orthosis
- insoluble
does not dissolve in liquid
- instability
tendency of a skeletal joint whose integrity is impaired to change to an abnormal alignment when subjected tomuscle forces and/or external loading
- instruction
transfer of information, knowledge and/or skill
- instruction for user (IFU)
printed user instruction
- insufficiency
condition of being inadequate
- integration
bringing together a number of parts to form a whole; in rehabilitation the act of bringing a disabled person into society
- inter?
- interface
contact surface between a body segment and an O&P device
- interface components (of orthoses)
orthosis interface components in direct contact with the user that transmit forces between the orthosis and the user and may retain the orthosis in place (shells, pads, straps, foot orthoses and shoes)
- interface components (of prostheses)
interface components of prostheses are in direct contact with the wearer: they are the means of achieving support, stabilization and suspension: they include the socket and suspensory components
- interim prosthesis
temporary prosthesis intended to prepare the user for the supply of a definitive prosthesis
- interosseus
between bones (e.g., interosseous membrane or ligament)
- interphalangeal
between the phalanges of a digit (i.e., finger or toe)
- intervertebral disc
fibrocartilaginous structure situated between two contiguous vertebrae
- intestines
tubular digestive organs located in the abdomen
- intra
- invasive
in which a bodily orifice or the skin is penetrated
- inversion (foot)
rotation of the foot about an antero-posterior axis towards the midline
Immediate Post Operative Prosthesis
- ipsilateral
pertaining to the same side: opposite of contralateral
Ischio-Ramal Containment: type of transfemoral socket
- irreducible deformity; fixed deformity
deformity for which the application of an external force system has no effect on the abnormal alignment of a skeletal segment or joint
- ischaemia, ischemia
lack of blood supply to tissue
- ischemic pain
pain due to lack of blood supply to tissues (claudication)
- ischial
pertaining to the ischium
- ischial containment (socket)
IC: type of transfemoral socket
- ischial ramus
inferior part ofischium
- ischial seat / shelf / support
weight bearing area of a trans-femoral socket, located under the ischial tuberosity
- ischial shelf
horizontal support at the dorso-proximal aspect of a tf-socket
- ischial support brim
proximal weight bearing design in a TF-prosthesis or orthosis
- ischial support socket
type of trans-femoral socket with weight bearing area located under the ischial tuberosity
- ischial tuberosity
inferior prominence of the ischium
- ischial weight bearing
weight transfer at the ischium (in a prosthetic socket)
- ischial weight bearing socket
Quadrilateral socket design in variations
- ischium
distal part of the pelvis
Icelandic Swedish New York prosthetic socket design
International Organization for Standardization
- iso?.
prefix; equal
- isokinetic
with equal momentum
- isometric
with equal length
- isotonic
with equal tension
International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics
- Jaipur foot
prosthetic foot designed and manufactured in Jaipur/India
- jig (P&O)
alignment transfer tool
- joint
junction between two or more bones
Knee-Ankle-Foot-Orthosis: orthosis that encompasses the knee and ankle joints and the foot
amputation of the lower limb at the knee joint
- KD-socket
socket for knee disarticulation prosthesis
- keel
stiff inner component of prosthetic feet
- keloid orthosis
compressive garment for treatment of burn scars
- kinematics
study of the motion of bodies
- kinetic response
the answer to kinetic impact, powerful "spring-like" impact response of O&P components
- kinetic rotator
prosthetic functional component designed to allow transverse plane rotation thus reducing the torque transmitted to the stump
- kinetics
study of the forces that produce or change themotion of bodies
- knee disarticulation
amputation of the lower limb at the knee joint
- knee joint
joint between the femur and the tibia, including the joint between thefemur and the patella
- knee orthosis (KO)
orthosis that encompasses the knee joint
- knee sleeve
prosthetic suspensory component used with trans-tibial prosthesis
- knee units
prosthetic knee units are designed to substitute for some of the functions of the normal knee by means of controlled motions
- knee-ankle-foot-orthosis (KAFO)
orthosis that encompasses the knee and ankle joints and the foot
- Knight-Taylor brace
types of lumbo sacral orthosis
- knit, to
process of making a textile fabric
- knock knee
deformity in which the knees are abnormally close together; genu valgum
- kyphosis
abnormally increased convexity of the spine
- lace
cord for closing shoes, braces etc.
- lacer
corset with a lace and hook or eye closure
- laminate
composite formed from layers offibrous material embedded in a matrix of cured resin
- landmark
a readily recognisable anatomical structure used as a point of reference
- laser
"light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation"; source of light emitting a high-energy beam of light
- laser goniometer
device for measuringjoint angles (goniometer) that uses a laser plumb line
- laser level
device projecting horizontal laser lines as alignment reference guide
- laser plumb
device projecting vertical laser lines as alignment reference guide
- laser scanning
method of obtaining surface contours using laser light
- lateral
away from the center
- lathe
machine that shapes objects by holding and turning them against a fixed cutting tool
- law
system of rules
- leather
cured animal hide
- leg length discrepancy
difference in the length of the lower limbs
- leg-length compensation
orthotic compensation for a difference in lower limb length
- Legg Calve Perthes
aseptic necrosis of the femoral head in children
- leprosy
chronic infectious disease causedby Mycobacterium leprae (Hansen disease)
- leukocytes
white blood cells
- level
flat: horizontal
- levels of technology
categorization of technology from "low" to "sophisticated"
- lever arm
perpendicular distance between the line ofapplication of a force and its fulcrum
- ligament
band of fibrous tissue connecting bones
- light metal
metals with low atomic weight (typically lower than nickel)
- light weight component
component designed with an emphasis on light weight
- limb
arms or legs, extremities
- limb salvage rate
the percentage of endangered limbs saved by surgery
- liner
protective, often padded cover layer of a prosthesis, potentially also providing adhesive or low friction capabilities: designed to be used with a socket
- liner - silicone, gel
conical padding and suspension device in prosthetics, often with distal locking system
- link, linkage
movable bar connecting two parts of a structure
- Lisfranc-amputation
partial foot amputation: disarticulation at the tarso-metatarsal joint
- load bearing capacity (prosthetics)
ability of a residual limb (stump) to accept and transfer loads
- loading response (O&P)
reaction of a component to (sudden) loading
- lock
control mechanism of a prosthetic or orthotic functional component that fixes the component at a particular angle; activation of the mechanism may be manual or automatic
- lock & shuttle
(mechanically activated/deactivated) system locking/suspending a liner inside a socket
- locomotion
self-propelled movement ; e.g. walking or running
- locomotion system
system of bones, joints, muscles serving locomotion
- longitudinal
in lengthwise direction
- longitudinal deficiency
aberration of the formation of parts of the long axis of the limb so that some bones may be partially or totally absent , while others situated more distally are present
- longitudinally split
parted in longitudinal direction (e.g. prosthetic foot)
- loose knee joint, m-l-instability
instability caused by lack of ligament control or joint wear
- lordosis
anterior curvature of lumbar and cervical spine
- low level technology
simplest and "lowest" solution to a given technical problem
- lower arm
forearm, arm below the elbow joint
- lower back
lumbo-sacral area of the back
- lower extremity orthoses
orthosis applied to whole or part of the lower limb
- lower leg
shank, leg below the knee joint
- lower limb prosthesis
prosthesis used to replace whole or part of the lower limb
Lumbo-Sacral Orthosis: orthosis that encompasses the whole or part of the lumbar and sacro-iliac regions of the trunk
- lubricant
grease-like agents reducing friction
- lubricant
agent used to reduce friction
- lumbar region
central part of the trunk, between the ribs and the pelvis, associated with the five lumbar vertebrae
- lumbo-sacral orthosis (LSO)
spinal orthosis encompassing the lumbar and sacral regions of the trunk
- lymphatic system
network of small vessels, valves, nodes and organs, that convey intercellular fluid back to the venous system: helps to protect and maintain the body's fluid environment by producing, filtering and conveying lymphatic fluid (lymph)
- lymphatic tissue
tissue making up the lymphatic system
- m-l (measurement)
measurement perpendicular to the long axis of a segment(s) in the coronal plane
- m-l instability
instability in the coronal plane
- machining
shaping a material by machine
- magnet
metal device having the property to attract or repel iron or other magnetic material
- magnetic
having the properties of a magnet
- magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
imaging technique using radio frequency within a magnetic field
- magnetism
having the property of attracting or repelling iron or other magnetic material
- magneto-rheologic
referring to a fluid containing particles withmagneticproperties
- magneto-rheologic knee joint
prosthetic knee joint with a hydraulic control system whose properties are changed by the application of a magnetic field.
- maimed
damaged in form or function by trauma
- maintenance
taking regular care of an object
- major amputation
amputation through the ankle or higher
- male
the ?man? species in a creature (opposite: female)
- malformation
deformity resulting from defective fetal development
- malignant
tending to get progressively worse and to result in death
- manual (adj.)
in relation to the hand
- manual, the (noun)
printed matter regarding technical products; Book, telling how to install, do or operate, repair or maintain a product or system
- marking punch
steel marking tool with a conical tip
- mass
the quantity of matter of an object
- mastectomy
surgical removal of female breast
- maturation
process of mental, physical, or emotional development; in prosthetics: the process whereby the shape and condition of the tissues of the stump become stable.
- mature
having gone through the process of maturation
- MAUCH? joint
prosthetic hydraulic knee joint
- MDD (Medical Device Directive)
EC regulation regarding medical products
- measure, the (noun)
any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal
- measure, to (verb)
to determine the extent, size or quantity
- measurement
extent, size , or quantityascertained by measuring
- measuring
method of identifying important design criteria in O&P
- measuring tool
tools to take measurements of objects with
- mechanical stress
result of the application of a mechanical force to an object
- mechanics
science dealing with the motion of bodies; divided into statics and dynamics
- mechanics (bio-)
the application of mechanics to the body
- medial
toward the mid-line
- medical
pertaining to the science of medicine
- Medical Device Directive (MDD)
EC-regulation regarding medical products
- medical hosiery
medical compression stockings (phlebology)
- medical staff
employees of the medical care professions
- memory
a recollection; ability to remember
- meningomyelocele
congenital herniation of the meninges and neurological structures
- metabolic
pertaining to metabolism
- metabolism
process whereby energy is made available for the use of tissues
- metacarpals
long bones between the wrist and the fingers
- metal band
the m-l connection between orthotic side bars (calf band etc.)
- metatarsal
long bones between the tarsal bones and the toes
- methodology
set of procedures and techniques used to perform a particular activity
- microcellular
pertaining to the content of cells
- mid level technology
appropriate and economic solution to a technical problem
- mid stance
subphase of the stance phase of the gait cyclethat starts when the contralateral limb begins swing phase and ends when the heel leaves the ground
- mid swing
subphase of the swing phase of the gait cycle that starts when the knee joint begins to extend and ends when the hip joint reaches maximum flexion; middle of the swing phase of human gait
- mill
machine tool for shaping of material by chipping/cutting action
- milling
shaping material by chipping/cutting action
- MILWAUKEE brace
type of a spinal orthosis for scoliosis treatment
- MINERVA brace
cervico-cranial orthosis
- minor amputation
amputation below the ankle level (Enneroth et al 1996)
- mobility
the ability to change body position or location
- mobility aid
device enabling or assisting mobility
- mobilization
the process of making a joint or a person mobile
- model
three-dimensional shape: used as a basis for design of sockets, shells, cuffs, corsets etc.
- model modification
process of changing a model from its anatomical shape to a functional biomechanical shape; also called model rectification
- model rectification
process of changing a model from its anatomical shape to a functional biomechanical shape; also called model modification
- modification
process of modifying the positive model obtained by filling a negative cast in order to obtain a shape that specifies the whole or part ofthe form of the final prosthesis or orthosis
- modular (adj); module (n)
composed of several parts (modules) that are designed to be joined together
- Modular III ?
carbonfibre energy storing/returning prosthetic foot allowing also for in/eversion
- modular prosthesis
prosthesis assembled from modular components
- module / modular
piece out of a group of interchangeable, compatible objects
- mold (or mould), the (noun)
a negative impression of a shape used to produce a model; the process of producing a negative impression of a shape
- mold, to (verb)
to shape an object
- moment (of torque)
rotational effect of a force: calculated as the product of the magnitude of the force and its lever arm
- mono?
prefix: single
- monocentric
in which the axis of rotation is constant
- monocentric joint
joint whose axis of rotation remains constant for all positions
- monofilament
thread with one strand
- morbidity
diseased condition or state:incidence or prevalence of a disease
- mortality
the number of deaths in a given time
- motion
movement, activity leading to a positional change
- motion control
process of controlling the positionof a joint(s)
- motivation
factors that activate behaviour towards satisfying needs or achieving goals
- motor nerve
nerve transmittingimpulses tomuscle
- motor-propelled
operated by (external) motor power
- moulding leather, molding leather
leather, molded while wet, keeping shape after drying
mid (of) patella tendon
Magnetic Resonance Imaging: imaging technique using radio frequency within a magnetic field
application of MRI to produce multiple sequential images
medial tibial plateau
- multi-axial
joint (or component) allowing motion in more than one plane
- multi-flexible
flexible in various directions
- multidisciplinary
tasks/activities involving more than one area of knowledge and/or experience
- multiple sclerosis
central neurological disease affecting muscle control
- muscle
contractile organ responsible for creating motion around the joints
- muscular dystrophy
hereditary diseases resulting in progressive wasting of muscle (e.g. Duchenne, facio-scapular)
- musculo-skeletal system
system of associated muscles and bones
- mutilation
destruction of body tissues by trauma
- myelomeningocele
congenital herniation of the meninges and neurological structures
- myo-electricity
electric phenomenon in muscles (serving to contract muscle cells)
- myo?
pertaining to a muscle
- myocardial infarction
death of part of the heart muscle caused by an obstruction of a coronary artery
- myocardium
heart muscle
- myoelectric
pertaining to the electrical activity resulting frommuscle activity
- myoelectric impulse
neural electric impulse stimulating muscle contraction
- myography (EMG)
diagnostic method recording electrical muscle impulses
- myoplasty (n); myoplastic (adj)
surgical attachment of muscle groups to one another in amputation
- neck:cervical region
that part of the body that lies between the head and the trunk and includes the seven cervical vertebrae
- necrosis
death of tissue
- necrotic
being in the state of necrosis
- needle
pointed sewing instrument, opposite end having a hole or eye for the sewing thread
- negative cast
a negative impression of a shape used to produce a model
- negative pressure
pressure lowerthan the surrounding pressure; (incorrectly referred to as vacuum)
- neonatal
new born child (under 1 month of age)
- nerve
biological structure for electric impulse transfer
- nervous system
the system of brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves
- neuro-muscular
pertaining to the innervation of muscles
- neurologic
pertaining to nervous system
- neurology
medical science specializing in the nervous system
- neuroma
benign swelling of a nerve; in amputation, at the cut end of a nerve
- neuropathic arthropathy
almost painless destruction of joints and soft tissues resulting from sensory neuropathy; most common in foot (Charcot foot)
- neuropathy
pathological disorder of the peripheral nervous system; characteristic of diabetes mellitus and leprosy
- new amputation
amputation of a limb upon which a previous amputation has been performed and healed (Larsson 1994)
- night splint
orthosis used at night
- non-contact measuring
measuring without touching the object measured
- nonferrous metal
metals not containing iron
- noninvasive
without penetrating the skin or a body orifice
- nontraumatic
not resulting from or causing trauma
- normal force
force acting perpendicular to a surface
- nurse
professional taking care of patients in a hospital ward or in a community setting
- nylon
plastic material
orthotics and prosthetics
- occlusive arterial disease
disease causing obstruction of the arteries e.g. atherosclerosis
- occlusive moist dressing
dressing that keeps a wound in a moist environment
- occupation
activity performed to earn money
- occupational therapist
therapist re-training patients under vocational aspects
- occupational therapy
a therapeutic professional providing skills and techniques needed to perform activities of daily living
- occupational therapy
therapy directed at restoring function using vocational and daily living tasks
- oedema, edema
swelling; accumulation of fluids in the soft tissues
- one-stage amputation
amputation done in one phase (final level, alternative: two-stage amputation)
- open end socket
prosthetic socket with an open distal end
- opponens position
grip between the thumb and a finger
- ortho-prosthesis
hybrid between an orthosis and a prosthesis
- orthopaedic (orthopedic) surgery
surgery specializing in the musculoskeletal system
- orthopaedics
specialization in medicine dealing with locomotor system
- orthosis, (orthoses)
externally applied device used to modify the structural and functional characteristics of the neuro muscular and skeletal systemsexternally applied device used to compensate for impairments of the neuromuscular and skeletal systems
- orthotic (adj.)
pertaining to orthoses
- orthotic band
(orthotic) interface component: a stiff narrow shell
- orthotic components
components used in the construction of external orthoses. They include interface, articulating, structural and cosmetic components
- orthotics
science and art involved in treating patients by the use of orthoses
- orthotist
person, who having completed an approved course of education and training, is authorized by an appropriate national authority to design, measure and fit orthoses
- osteo-myoplastic
surgical creation of a bone bridge with muscle attachmentin trans-tibial amputation
- osteo?.
pertaining to bone
- osteoarthritis
degenerative joint disease causing inflammation, swelling, pain and limitation of motion
- osteoarthrosis
condition caused by wear that causes inflammation of the joint, swelling, pain, and limitation of free motion
- osteochondritis
focal disease of the articular cartilage
- osteochondrosis
degeneration of cartilage and bone
- osteogenesis imperfecta
hereditary disease causing extreme brittleness of bones
- osteomyelitis
infection ofbone and bone marrow
- osteoplasty
restoration, repair, plastic surgery of bones
- osteosclerosis
increased density of part or all of a bone
- osteotomy
surgical cutting of bones
- outcome
the result of a disorder or of its treatment
- outpatient
patient who is being treated by but not admitted to hospital or treatment center
- outpatient clinic
facility treating outpatients; clinic for patients not being admitted to stay
- oximetry
measurement of blood oxygen saturation
- oxygen
chemical element, part of the air we breathe
- oxygen consumption
measurement of the use of oxygenin a person
- pad
orthotic interface component that applies a localized force perpendicular to the surface of a body segment or at a joint and may require straps
- pad, the (noun)
upholstered device, providing a soft surface; also convex shape
- pad, to (verb)
reduce interface pressure using a soft compressible material
- paediatrics (pediatrics)
medical specialty dealing with children
- pain
unpleasant sensation following stimulation of specialized nerve endings
- palpation
examination by touching with the hand
- palsy
paralysis of a muscle or group of muscles
- PAM, patient activity monitor
electronic device collecting a stride parameters during walking
- parallel bars
stationary bars for initial gait training of the amputee or otherwise gait disabled individual
- paralysis
loss of motor function
- paraplegia
paralysis of the lower half of the body includingboth lower limbs
- parapodium
orthotic device that maintains a paraplegic person in an erect posture and permits free standing
- parchment
tough thin leather formerly used for circular reinforcement of wooden sockets
- parchmentize
to apply protective cover molding around wooden sockets
- paresis
partial or incomplete loss of motor function
- part, partial
portion or division of a whole
- partial foot amputation
amputation of the lower limb distal to the ankle joint
- partial hand amputation
amputation of the upper limb distal to the wrist joint
- passive motion
joint motion obtained by external means
- patella
the kneecap, triangular bone in the anterior aspects of the knee joint
- patellar-tendon
fibrous tissue structure between the patella and the tibial tubercle
- patency
the condition of being open
- patent (adj.)
quality of a bodily tube or passageway: open; affording free passage
- patent, the (noun)
document granting an inventor sole rights to an invention
- pathogen
causing disease
- pathology
branch of medicine concerned with the study of diseases
- patient
person needing or seeking medical advice and therapy
- patient assessment
structured evaluation of a patient's condition to establish a diagnosis and to permit treatment planning
- patient check-out
check of the fit, function and safety of a device prior to delivery
- patient education
providing patients significant information about health pertaining matters
- patient management (O&P)
any O&P measure leading to rehabilitation
- patient training
instructing a patient in the use of their device
- Pavlik harness
textile orthosis controlling the position of the hip joints of a child with developmental dysplasia of the hips
- PE semi rigid dressing
removable shell applied over a wound dressing
- PE-foam
plastic foam material
- PE-lite
microcellular polyethylene foam, a padding material in O&P
- PE, polyethylene
thermoplastic material
- pediatrics (paediatrics)
medical specialty dealing with children
- peg leg
lower limb prosthesis with no foot
- pelvic
pertaining to the pelvis
- pelvic bars
frame surrounding the pelvic crest
- pelvic crest
lateral proximal bony landmarks (contours) of the pelvis
- pelvic socket
prosthetic socket for hip disarticulation or pelvic amputations
- pelvis
basis of the trunk, connecting element to the legs
- perineum
crotch, groin
- perineum trigonum femoral support brim
specific orthotic femoral weight bearing brim design (Perthes treatment)
- peripheral vascular disease (PVD)
disease in the peripheral blood vessels, mostly arteries
- peromelia
disease in the peripheral blood vessels, mostly arteries
- perspective representation
3-dimensional technical drawing
- perspex
- Persson amputation
surgical technique according to PERSSON: transtibial amputation building a medial and a lateral skin-muscle flap each
- Perthes disease
aseptic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (Legg Calve Perthes)
- pes adductus
forefoot inverted, adducted, pathological misalignment
- pes planovalgus
flat foot, sunken medial arch of the foot, valgus deformity of heel
- pes planus
flat foot, collapsed medial arch of the foot,
- pes valgus
foot in valgus misalignment of calcaneus
- phalanx / phalanges
small tubular bone(s) in fingers and toes
- phantom pain
pain sensation in amputated segments of the former limb
- phantom sensation
sensation in or of the amputated segment
- phocomelia
congenital transversal defect of the limbs
- physical therapist
therapeutic professional providing physical exercise and training for the treatment of motor disability
- physician
professional with a license to practice medicine
- physiology
science dealing with processes and functions of an organism
- physiotherapist
therapeutic professional providing physical exercise and training for the treatment of motor disability
- pig iron
not yet enhanced iron after first melting
- Pirogoff amputation
hind foot amputation, capping the distal end with a segment of the calcaneus, thus providing endbearing capabilities; orthopedic surgeon (Russia)
- pistoning
undesirable up-and-down motion of stump in prosthetic socket
- plane (adj.)
having the shape of an even surface, flat surface
- plane, the (noun)
even surface, flat surface
- plane, to (verb)
providing an even surface
- plantar
directed toward the ground
- plantar flexion
downward movement of the foot at the ankle
- Plastazote
microcellular polyethylene foam, a padding material in O&P
- plaster cast
plaster made three-dimensional duplication of a body segment
- plaster impression
plaster made three-dimensional wrap duplication of a body segment
- plaster of Paris (p.o.p.)
calciumsulfat (CaSO4), model material in O&P
- plastic coating
providing anti-corrosive surface protection for metals
- plexus
network of interlacing nerves
- plug fit
outdated fit of a prosthetic socket
- plumb (adj.)
aligned vertical
- plumb line
vertical reference line
- plumb line device
device representing the reference planes (a-p and m-l)
- pneumatic joint control
cylinder/piston device controlling prosthetic joint motion based on pneumatics
- podiatrist (USA)
medical doctor specialized in foot care USA)
- podiatry
medical science pertaining to the foot
- point, the (noun)
1.: a dot; 2.: the sharpened end of a shaft (as point of a needle)
- point, to (verb)
to show, to demonstrate by "pointing"
- pointed
- poker spine
ankylosing spondylitis
- poliomyelitis
paralysis caused by the polio virus infecting the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord
- polishing wheel
rotary buffing tool
- polyarthritis
inflammatory disease of cartilage and synovium of multiple joints
- polycentric/ polycentric
axis of rotation changes with the angle
- polyester
chemical resin (thermo-setting material) for lamination procedures
- polyethylene (PE)
chemical resin (thermo-plastic material) for molding procedures
- polypropylene (PP)
chemical resin (thermo-plastic material) for molding procedures
- polyurethane
thermo-setting material, providing foamed materials if carbon dioxide is involved in the curing
- positional rotator
device to allow positional rotation of a prosthetic socket
- positive mold
three-dimensional cast made of a plaster impression
- post-operative
after surgery
- post?
after, behind
- posterior
behind, toward the back of?
- postero-lateral
position including posterior and lateral aspects of location
- postero-medial
position including posterior and medial aspects of location
- posture
attitude, carriage or position of the body
- powered ...
operated by?.
polypropylene, a thermoplastic resin
- PPA, Prosthetic Profile of the Amputee
Prosthetic Profile of the Amputee, a tool for prosthetic rehabilitation outcome measurement
- ppam
pneumatic post amputation mobility aid
- pre-amputation
before the amputation
- pre-fabricated
semi-finished product, made by industrial processes
- pre-loading
loading (putting load or weight on) before...
- pre-operatively
before surgery
- pre-preg
fibers pre-impregnated with thermosetting resin to be finally cured by heating after forming
- pre-shaping
shaping before?
- pre-surgical
before the surgery
- pre...
before (as in prenatal = before birth)
- predict
to tell in advance (before the fact)
- predicted rehablitation potential
to assume a certain potential for rehabilitation to a certain degree of function; prediction based on evaluation of indicators
- prediction
to tell in advance (before the fact)
- prefabricated orthosis
device that has been manufactured to meet particular functional requirements and is normally available in a range
- prehension
act of seizing or grasping
- prescription
written order for a medical service or device
- pressure
force per unit of area
- pressure differential (suction) suspension
socket with a closed end that resists removal due to a pressure differential
- pressure garment
medical hosiery or garment for burn treatment
- pressure sore
sores caused by constant pressure against human tissue (heels, coccyx after extended bedbound periods)
- pressure ulcer
sores caused by constant pressure against human tissue (heels, coccyx after extended bedbound periods)
- preventable deformity
deformity where the application of an external force will prevent an unstable skeletal segment or jointmoving into an abnormal alignment
- previous
- previously amputated
pertaining to a secondary or second amputation
- primary amputation
first amputation
- processing
further modification of an unfinished material/product
- professional organisation
association following professional aspects and interests
- progressive
advancing in extent or severity as "progressive muscle dystrophy"
- progressive muscle dystrophy
advancing genetic muscle disease
- pronation
rotation of hand or foot in long axis facing outwards or dorsally
- prone
laying face downward
- proprioception
sensation of spatial position or motion of a body part
- propulsion
the force that drives something forward
- propulsion rims
hand rims on the drive wheel of wheel chairs
- prospective study
study following the researched cases in real time (opposite to retrospective studies, which are based on filed data)
- prosthesis
externally applied device used to replace wholly, or in part, an absent or deficient limb segment
- prosthetic (adj.)
pertaining to prostheses (adj.), NOT AN ARTIFICIAL LIMB !
- prosthetic (orthotic) assessment
review of the overall condition of the patient by those involved in the treatment and the recommendation by the prosthetist (orthotist) of the components and clinical fitting procedures best suited to the circumstances of that patient
- prosthetic (orthotic) casting and measurement
acquisition and recording of all information required to construct the prosthesis (orthosis) by means that may include the preparation of diagrams, tracing, measurements and negative casts of the body segments
- prosthetic alignment
establishment of the position in space of the components of the prosthesis or orthosis relative to one another and to the patient
- prosthetic brim
proximal part of a prosthetic socket, also a tool
- prosthetic components
limb prostheses are integrated constructions comprising interface, functional, alignment, structural and cosmetic components
- prosthetic design
externally applied device used to replace wholly, or in part, an absent or deficient limb segment
- prosthetic device
artificial limb or other replacement of body segments
- prosthetic fitting
any measure leading to desired fit of a prosthesis
- prosthetic limb fitting
act of measuring, designing, trying on of an artificial limb (prosthesis)
- prosthetics
science and art involved in treating patients by the use of prostheses
- prosthetist
person who having completed an approved course of education and training, is authorized by an appropriate national authority to design , measure and fit prostheses
- prosthetist/orthotist
person who having completed an approved course of education and training, is authorized by an appropriate national authority to design ,measure and fit prostheses and orthoses
- protection
(device) measure providing protective qualities
- protractor
tool for measuring and drawing the degrees in an angle; also tool for tracing circles
- proximal
nearest to the trunk; towards the trunk
- proximal support
principal support forces developed by the shaping of the proximal region of the socket
- psyche
greek for "soul" or the "mind". In modern psychology, the psyche is taken to be an aggregate of the constituent parts that make up our "selves"
- psycho?
terminological root pertaining to psyche. See psyche
- psychological
adverb, pertaining to psychology
- psychology
derived from two other words: psyche (meaning mind/soul) and logia (meaning study of). Psychology tries to explain why people act, think and feel the way they do.
- psychosocial rehabilitation
rehabilitation of a person's psychological and social self; a holistic approach
- psychosocial skills
skills pertaining to a person's psychological and social self and of integration in their personal and social surroundings
Physical therapist; or patella tendon
patella tendon bearing
- PTB prosthesis
prosthesis designed for weight bearing at the patella tendon
see PTB; ?sc? indicates a supra-condylar suspension
- PTB/SC (prosthesis)
PTB-supracondylar prosthesis
chemical resin, providing various foamed materials
- pulse
rhythmic contraction and expansion of the arteries caused by the blood wave after heart contraction
- punch marking, centre punching
setting a point-shaped mark in a piece of metal
- punch, the (noun)
tool used to make holes
- punch, to (verb)
stamping a hole into a soft material
- purulent
having or making pus
- pus
acute inflammatory exudate composed of blood, serum, necrotic tissue, white blood cells and bacteria; a foul-smelling, milky yellow fluid
- push off / toe off
moment in time the foot leaves the ground (final moment of stance phase)
- PVD (peripheral vascular disease)
disease in the peripheral blood vessels, mostly arteries
- pylon
tube used as inner, structural skeleton of a prosthesis
- pyramid - threaded adapter male
threaded pyramid adapter for Ossur joints
- pyramid connector
pyramid-shaped adapter for connection and angular adjustment
- QA.; quality assurance
planned and systematic actions to provide adequate evidence that a product or service will satisfy given requirements of quality
- QM; quality management
formal set of activities by corporations and organizations to control, correct and assure the quality of products and services provided
- quadriceps
four headed muscle in the anterior thigh
- quadrilateral
relating to "four"; quad often short for "quadrilateral"
- quadrilateral socket design
rectangular socket design (proximal brim cross-section)
- quadriplegia
paralysis of all four extremities
- quality
features and characteristics of a product or service that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implies needs
- quality of life
refers to the overall status of contentness with a combination of factors as: independence, self-care,freedom of choice, health and level of physical functioning and social integration (and more)
- quenching/hardening
process of improving metal quality (harder)
- quilting/stitching
process of sewing
- radial splint
lower arm orthosis against drop hand
- radiology
science and practice of diagnostic and therapeutic application of radiation
- radius (anat.)
one of the forearm bones
- radius (tech.)
50 % of the diameter of a circle; a straight line between the centre of a circle and any point on its outer edge
- raised toilet seat (aid)
aid for individuals with limited hip range of motion
- ramus (ischial ramus)
projecting arch
- random
lacking any definite plan or order or purpose; governed by or depending on chance
- randomized study
research study where subjects are randomly assigned to their treatment groups; serves to improve objectivity
- range of motion, R.O.M., r.o.m.
angular range of motion of a joint, as maxima between flexion/extension
- rasp, the (noun)
tool for manual shaping of wooden and similar materials
- rasp, to (verb)
shaping of wooden and similar materials with a rasp
- rawhide
tough thin leather formerly used for circular reinforcement of wooden sockets
- ray
metatarsal bone ,or a metacarpal bone , and its corresponding phalanges
- re?
syllable indicating "a return to?"
- reamputation
amputation of a limb that has undergone previous major amputation
- receptacle
receiving device
- reciprocal
representing opposites (right/forward = left/backward)
- reciprocal ambulation
walking with continuous change between right and left leg
- reciprocating gait orthosis
orthosis enabling a reciprocal gait (see above)
- rectification
process of modifying the positive model, obtained by filling a negative cast, to obtain a shape that specifies the whole or part of the form of the final prosthesis or orthosis; general: correction of a mistake
- reduction
deformity for which the application of an external force system will improve the alignment of an skeletal segment or joint
- redundancy
presence of more than one identical item; repetition of a presentation with different words but identical content
- reference line
defined guide-line used to assemble prostheses
- reflex
unconsciously controlled, automatic neuromuscular action
- regulation (admin.)
an authoritative rule having the force of law dealing with details or procedures for implementing governmental programs
- rehabilitation
enabling persons with disabilities to reach and maintain their optimal sensory, intellectual, psychiatric and/or social functional levels
- rehabilitation aid
devices to support rehabilitation
- reinforcement band
orthotic interface component: a stiff narrow shell that encompasses a body segment or part thereof
- relief area
area (in an O&P device) transferring reduced forces
- removable rigid dressing
removable wound dressing consisting of a rigid outer shell, as a plastic shell or plastic socket
- renal insufficiency
reduced capacity of the kidney to perform its function
- replantation
re-connecting a limb lost by trauma
- residual
that, what is left over
- residual limb
left over limb, stump
- residual limb maturation
the postoperative process of shrinking, shaping and toughening a stump as a preparation to accept a prosthetic socket
- residuum
left over limb, stump
- resin
chemical liquid or plastic material
- resin composite
mix of resin and reinforcement structures
- resin lamination
resin/fiber mix (composite)
- respiratory system
physiological system for breathing (gas exchange)
- resultant force
single force that replaces the action of two or more separate forces
- retainer
receiving fixation component (as frame in frame socket)
- retract, to
to pull out, pull back, to cancel something
- retrospect, retrospection
act of looking back, looking into the past
- retroversion
backward tilt of a body part: opposite of anteversion
- revascularization
opening blocked blood vessels to improve blood flow
- rheology
science of liquid flow
- rheumatism
imprecise term for musculoskeletal aches and pains
- rheumatoid arthritis
chronic inflammatory disease of joints
- rib hump
protruding rotated aspect of rib cage due to scoliosis
- rigid dressing
wound dressing with a rigid outer shell
- rim
outer part of a wheel to which the tire is attached
- rippling
effect of getting small waves, smoothing out
- rivet
connecting device, connecting segments by heading/clinching
- rocker bar
localized transverse shoe sole adaptation normally used to modify loading on the foot
- rocker bottom sole
arc shaped shoe sole (or sole and heel) adaptation normally usedto modify loading on the foot and assist rollover
- roll over
subphase of the stance phase of gait from mid-stance to toe off
- rotation moment
effect of a rotational force acting along a lever arm
- rotator
prosthetic functional component designed to reduce the torque by allowing rotation in the transverse plane; component designed to allow the segment of the prosthesis distal to the rotator to be positioned in the transverse plane (turntable)
- rotator (anat.)
muscle providing for a rotational movement of a joint
- rotator (tech.)
prosthetic device providing vertical rotation
- roughen
act of roughing; act of making a surface less smooth
- roughing
non-final, relatively rough planing cut of round bars on the lathe machine
- router machine (mech.)
metal shaping machine (chipping action)
- router machine (O&P)
long-arm O&P milling/sanding/buffing universal machine
person who having completed an approved course of training , manufactures orthoses or prostheses under the direction of an orthotist or prosthetist
- SACH foot (solid ankle cushion heel)
unjointed, prosthetic ankle-foot unit
- sacroiliac
part of the trunk lying caudal to the lumbar vertebrae associated with the fused sacral vertebrae and their articulations with the os coxae
- sacroiliac orthosis
orthosis that encompasses the whole or part of thesacro-iliac region of the trunk
- sacrum
rigid base of the vertebral column; connected to the pelvis
- safety rules
safety measures laid out in print
- sagittal (transtibial) amputation
surgical technique according to Persson (1974): transtibial amputation building a medial and a lateral skin-muscle flap each
- sagittal plane
anatomical reference plane; as seen from the side; perpendicular to frontal and transverse planes
- sailor's gait
wide walking pattern (feet relatively far apart)
- salvage, the (noun)
act of surgical ?rescuing?, reconstruction
- salvage, to (verb)
to save a body part
- sand, to (verb)
smoothing a surface with abrasive material of various grid
- scab
hard crust consisting of dried serum and devitalised cells covering a wound
- scapula
the flat triangular bone of the shoulder girdle
- scapular abduction
moving the shoulder girdles forward (in an upper limb prosthetic control motion)
- scar
visible aftermath of skin healing; fibrous tissue resulting from the healing of damaged tissue
- Scarpa's triangle
anatomical region bounded by the inguinal ligament, sartorious muscle and the medial border of adductor longus muscle; also known as femoral triangle
- scissors
small cutting instrument, as paper cutter
- scoliometer
tool for measuring scoliotic angles
- scoliosis
lateral deviation of the spine and rotation of the vertebrae around the long axis of the spine
- screening
examination of large group, searching specific information
- scrotal hernia truss
truss (retention orthosis) for the retention of a scrotal (male) hernia
- seat support orthosis
device supporting an abnormal seated body alignment
- seating (orthotics of ~)
design, manufacture and provision of custom seating
- self-propelled (as wheel chair)
manually operated by (human) body power
- selfcare
any measure of independent care; taking of one owns needs; in rehabilitation a parameter of quality of life
- semi?.
- sensation
awareness or feeling due to stimulation of one of the senses
- sensor
device that measures a real-world condition and converts it into a signal that can be read by an observer or an instrument
- sensory nerve
nerves responsible for carrying impulses from receptors to the central nervous system
Shoulder-Elbow Orthosis: orthosis that encompasses the shoulder and elbow joints
- sepsis
presence of pathogenic organisms and/or their toxins in the blood or tissues
- sequela(e)
after effect(s) of a disease, injury, procedure or treatment
- set (adj.)
aligned, adjusted, "all done"
- set, to (verb)
process of putting and confirming something into and in a position or switch-position
- sever, to (verb)
to cut off
- sew, to (verb)
connecting textiles or similar by needle and thread work
Shoulder Elbow Hand Wrist Hand Orthosis: orthosis that encompasses the shoulder, the elbow and the wrist joints and the hand
- sewing, the (noun)
connecting textiles or similar by needle and thread work
Shoulder Elbow Hand Wrist Orthosis: orthosis that encompasses the shoulder the elbow and the wrist joints
- sex (gender)
differentiation between male and female
- shank
lower limb segment between the knee and ankle joints
- shaping
provision of desired dimensions to a model, workpiece, device etc.
- shear force
force that is applied parallel (or tangential) to the surface of a body
- shear strain
measure of the deformation of a body subject to a shear force
- shear stress (noun)
measure of stress that occurs on a surface parallel to the line of application of an external force
- shears
large cutting instrument, as metal shears
- sheath
thin stump sock: to reduce shear stress
- sheet metal
thin metal, large in the other two dimensions
- shell
cosmetic component of prostheses; interface component of orthoses
- shell design
exoskeletal prosthetic construction
- shin component
TF-prosthetic component for application below the knee joint
- shock absorber
device that absorbs kinetic energy
- shoe insert
foot orthosis, arch support
- shoulder
part of the body comprising the thoraco-scapular joint, the humero-scapular joint, and the upper arm
- shoulder disarticulation
amputation of the upper limb at the shoulder joint
- shoulder elevation
raising one shoulder (prosthetic control motion)
- shoulder girdle
part of the body comprising the thoraco-scapular joint, acromio-clavicular joint, and associated bones
- shoulder joint
joint between the glenoid cavity of the scapula and the head of the humerus
- shoulder orthosis (SO)
orthosis that encompasses the shoulder joint
- shoulder unit
prosthetic shoulder units designed to substitute for some of the functions of the normal shoulder joint by means of controlled motions
- shrinkage
- shrinker
compression garment for residual limbs
- shrinker
compression garment, sock or liner designed to reduce edema
- shroud
technical, protective cover
- shuttle
distal locking system in the socket, receiving the pin of prosthetic liners
- side bar
orthotic structural component situated alongside an anatomical segment(s)
- Silesian belt
pelvic strap for prosthetic suspension
- silicone
thermo-setting chemical material with rubber-like mechanical properties, including low initial shear modulus
- silicone liner
liner with suspension- or soft tissue replacement properties
- silicone suspension sleeve
device supporting or providing TT-socket suspension
- simplified technology
technology level below the standard technology level
- single axis (or uniaxial) foot
prosthetic foot featuring plantar-dorsiflexion axis only
- single axis joint
orthotic, prosthetic joints featuring one (transverse) axis only
Sacroiliac Orthosis: orthosis that encompasses the whole or part of the sacro-iliac region of the trunk
- size
information on dimensions of a physical body
- sizing
means of determining a (pre-fabricated) size by measuring
- skeleton
functional structure of bones
- skew
chamfered, slanted, also: misaligned
- skew flap
skin flap slightly off-set from the sagittal or frontal plane, in transtibial amputation surgery
- skill
well developed manual ability, skill of creating, craftsman skill
- skin
cosmetic component of prostheses
- skin care
any measure taking care of keeping the skin healthy and capable of prosthetic/orthotic application
- slide adapter
modular adapter for m-l and a-p shifts
- smooth
the opposite of rough
- smoothing, finishing
providing a smooth surface
- socket (anat.)
concave receptacle for ball joint
- socket (O&P)
prosthetic interface component; prosthetic container for a residual limb or stump
- socket (techn.)
receptacle for electric bulb or similar
- socket design
art and science of functional shaping of a prosthetic socket
- socket fit
functional result after designing a prosthetic socket
- socket suspension
"adhesion" or fixation property of a socket to connect to a residual limb
- socket trial
trying on, analyzing and rectifying problems of socket fit
- soft orthosis
orthotic device made from fabric or elastic components
- soft tissue roll
roll of soft tissues not easily fitting inside the prosthetic socket
- solder, to
to fuse metal by soldering
- soldering
method of joining metals using fusible alloys, usually tin and lead, having melting points under 371 ¯ C
- soldering iron
tool for developing and applying heat while soldering
- solid ankle foot orthosis
ankle foot orthosis without ankle joint provision
- solidity, strength
capability to withstand deforming forces
- soluble
having the capability of being dissolved
- solvent
means or agent supporting the act ofbeing dissolved
- sophisticated technology
very highly developed (new) technology, above the usual standard
- spasm
sudden, uncontrollable muscle contraction
- spasticity
the occurrence and frequent re-occurrence of spasms
- specific gravity/weight
material weight per defined volume, as for e.g. 1 cubic centimeter
- spina bifida
paralysis caused by congenital defect of the spinal column
- spinal
referring to the spine (vertebral column)
- spinal column
vertebral column, backbone
- spinal cord
cord of nerves in the core of the spinal column
- spinal cord injury
paralysis caused by trauma or disease disturbing the spinal cord
- spinal orthosis
orthosis applied to all or part of the trunk, head and neck and their intermediate joints
- spine
spinal column, pointed bony process
- spiral orthosis
spiral orthosis according to LEHNEIS (ankle foot orthosis)
- splay foot
foot deformity, flattening of anterior transverse arch
- splint
old fashioned term for an immobilizing device for a limb; immobilizing orthosis
- split toe?
version of a longitudinally separated carbonfibre prosthetic foot allowing for in/eversion
- spondylitis
inflammation of the vertebrae
- spondylolisthesis
sliding of vertebra with incomplete intervertebral arch
- sprain, distorsion
sudden and violent twisting and wrenching of a joint
- squatting
?heel sitting? position in maximum flexion of hips/knees
- stabilisation
prosthetic interface attribute related to transmitting transverse forces between the prosthesis and the body, to maintain a consistent angular relationship between the prosthesis and the body
- stability
quality of being firm and steadfast, also: the ability to withstand destructive forces
- Stainless steel
steel alloy with nickel and chromium that is resistant to corrosion, used for P&O components that require enhanced strength with low cost
- stance
act of standing
- stance phase
phase of the gait cycle whilst leg is in ground contact
- stance phase control
mechanism designed to control the stability of a prosthetic or orthotic knee unit
- stance stability
ability of standing firm and with good balance, also: the ability to withstand disruptive forces successfully while in an upright position
- standards
regulations agreed upon (such as provided by the ISO), that stipulate specific levels of performance, quality of goods and services, as well as procedures for manufacture, operation and control
- static alignment
process whereby the bench alignment is refined while the prosthesis or orthosis is being worn by the stationary patient
- static alignment control
determining correct bench alignment after prosthesis is donned
- statics
science of mechanics, regarding forces in equilibrium
- Steel
alloy of iron, with small amounts of carbon (see stainless steel)
- step
walking period between foot-to-floor contact of one leg and foot-to-floor contact of the other leg
- step counter
device counting a number of steps over time or distance covered
- stimulation
the act of arousing an organism to action
- stirrup
u-shaped contour of distal-plantar orthotic sidebars
- stitching
to fix with needle and thread
- stitching
to sew manually
- stoma
surgical-artificial, permanent opening in abdominal wall
- strain
measure of deformation of a body when subject to an external load
- strap
orthotic interface component that applies a localized force mainly perpendicular to a body segment or at a joint
- stratification
layering, - separation of a study cohort into subgroups or strata according to specific characteristic
- strength
the ability of a material to withstand strain and stress
- strengthening
any act or exercise invigorating physically or mentally
- stress
measure of the intensity of the internal forces (in a body) that result from an external load
- stride
walking period between foot-to-floor contact of one leg and foot-to-floor contact of the same leg
- stripe
finishing element of trim lines, brims of corsets
- stroke
cerebro-vascular accident, blocked vessel leading to ischaemia
- structural component
connects interface, functional, and alignment components and maintains prosthesis integrity (endosketetal or exoskeletal); connects orthosis articulating and interface components and maintains orthosis alignment (includes uprights and shells)
- strut
orthotic structural component situated alongside an anatomical segment(s)
- stump
residual limb, the part that remains after amputation
- stump care
any measure taking care of keeping a residual limb healthy and capable of prosthetic application
- stump compression sock
sock-like cover for the stump; reducing edema and shaping the stump postoperatively after recent amputation
- stump end cushion
distal soft pad in a prosthetic socket
- stump examination
pre-prosthetic functional stump diagnosis
- stump maturation
the postoperative process of shrinking, shaping and toughening a stump as a preparation to accept a prosthetic socket
- stump shrinker
sock-like cover for the stump; reducing edema and shaping the stump postoperatively after recent amputation
- stump sock
sock-like cover for the stump, avoiding chafing inside a socket, enhancing comfort by wicking humidity and compensating for volume fluctuation of the residual limb
- sub-standard
below the standards
- sub...
under...., below.....
- subcutaneous
refers to tissue layers below the epidermis of the skin
- subcutaneous tissue
tissue layer right under the skin
- subluxation
partial dislocation of a joint
- suction
method to support prosthetic suspension
- suction chamber
distal space in a prosthetic socket serving as (low-pressure) chamber (uncommon today!)
- suction discoloration
a blue discoloration of the stump end caused by distal suction action within the socket
- suction socket
prosthetic socket, suspension supported by vacuum
- supination
rotation of hand or foot around long axis with palm forward or foot inward
- supine
laying on the back or with face upward (opp. = prone)
- support
attribute of interface components (of prostheses) that relate to the transmission of longitudinal (proximally directed) forces from the prosthesis to the body
- supra condylar
above the condyles
- surface finishing
surface protection by smoothing, polishing, coating
- surgeon
physician who specializes in surgery
- surgery
branch of medical science that treats disease or trauma by operative procedures (invasive, bloody)
- surgical amputation level
site or level of amputation
- suspension
attribute of prosthetic interface components concerned with the retention of the prosthesis on the body
- suspension aid
deviceproviding socket suspension
- suspensory components (of prostheses)
components of prostheses that maintain the prosthesis relative to the body
- suture
sewn stitches, closure of a wound by application of needle and thread
- sway
side to side movement
- swedish knee cage
knee orthosis for hyperextended knee joint
- swing phase
phase of the gait cycle, whilst leg is not in ground contact
- swing phase control
mechanism that influences prosthetic knee unit movement during the swing phase
- swivel walker
orthosis allowing for walking by swivel-like action of COG
- SYME, Syme's amputation
SYME, a Scottish surgeon; ankle disarticulation amputation of the lower limb at the ankle joint
- synovia (synovium)
lining of joint capsule, bursae or tendons
- synovial fluid
lubricating fluid in joints, bursae, and tendon sheaths
- synthetic
man-made, produced artificially
- synthetic material
man made materials as resins, plastics etc.
- systemic disease
disease that affects the whole body instead of just one area
- talo-crural joint
joint between foot and shank, components are: tibia, fibula and talus
- talus
bone that articulates with the tibia and fibula to form the ankle joint
- tan
to cure skin for leather production
- tap and die (nouns)
thread cutting tools (male and female)
- tap, to (verb)
to cut a thread
- taping
bandaging by means of self-adhesive wraps
- technical
the property of means and tools in application of technology
- technique
specific method or procedure of applying technology
- technology
knowledge of the design and application of a wide spectrum ofmeans and devices to benefit humanity
- template
any pre-shaped tool for facilitation of design
- tendinitis
inflammation of a tendon
- tendon
cord of fibrous tissue that connects a muscle with a bone, thus transmitting force and motion
- tennis elbow
stress induced inflammation of ligament or tendon at elbow, (epicondylitis)
- tenodesis
tendon to bone fixation
method of analgesia through electric impulses
- tensile force
?pulling? force
- tension banding (O&P)
muscular stabilization (trunk) keeping muscular balance
- tension banding (surgery)
method of osteosynthesis using muscle power
- terminal devices
prosthetic devices that substitute for some of the functions of the normal hand: they include prosthetic hands, split hooks, and specialized appliances
- terminal swing
end of the swing phase
- textile
fabric made
trans-femoral, amputation through the thigh bone between the hip joint and the knee joint
- TF-prosthesis
prosthesis after transfemoral amputation
- TF-socket
prosthetic socket for transfemoral amputation
- therapy
any means of treatment with the goal of healing
- thermo-molded
molded or shaped under the application of heat
- thermography
technique for measuring and displaying body temperature in body segments. Useable to compare skin blood flow. See also DITI
- thermoplast
plastic material re-shapeable under heat application
- thermoplastic
heat shapeable plastic material property
- thermoscan- see thermography
see: thermography
- thermosetting
curing under heat dissipation
- thermosetting plastic
after curing non-reshapeable plastic material (injected in molds while heated)
- thigh corset
cuff with (metal-) sidebars, TT-prosthetic suspension
- Thomas test
method of assessing hip flexion contracture
- thoracic
pertaining to the thorax (trunk, rib cage)
- thorax
middle region of the body between the head and the abdomen
- thorax, thoracic region
part of the trunk between the neck and the diaphragm, associated with the twelve thoracic vertebrae
- thread
helical cut (screw) cut in a bolt / nut
- threading, thread cutting
apply screw cut to bolt / nut
- three prong adapter
Socket adapter for long residual limbs
- thrombosis
formation of a clot in the blood that either blocks, or partially blocks a blood vessel
- tibia
shin bone
- tibial condyle
proximal end of the tibia
- tibial crest
anterior edge of the tibia
- tibial progression
the forward movement of the tibia from heel contact to toe off
- tissue
any functional conglomerate of biological cells
- tissue
any functional conglomerate of threads or material cells
- tissue breakdown
trauma of tissue pertaining to external influences (as: overload, chafing, friction)
- titanium
non-ferrous light-weight metal with excellent corrosion resistance, inertness, and mechanical properties, notably fatigue tolerance. Alloying may enhance specific properties, like strength, sometimes at cost (reduced inertness, etc.)
- TKO? safety knee
knee joint that controls stance flexion using body weight application
Thoraco-Lumbo-Sacral Orthosis: orthosis that encompasses the whole or part of the thoracic, the lumbar and the sacro-iliac regions of the trunk
- TLSO-frame type
Thoraco Lumbar Sacral Orthosis - frame type
- TLSO-frame type (Hohmann)
Thoraco Lumbar Sacral Orthosis - frame type, Knight-Taylor brace
Thoracic Orthosis: orthosis that encompasses whole or part of the thoracic region of the trunk
- toe box
in a shoe: space provided for the toes
- toe clearance
keeping the toes off the ground (in mid swing)
- toe off
getting the toes off the ground (in terminal stance)
- tomography (computerized)
computerized radiographic imaging in sequential layers
- tone
basic tension of the relaxed muscle
- tongue
flap under the lacing of a shoe or a corset
- topical
medication applied to the surface of the skin
- torch
device for applying heat while brazing
- torque
effect of a rotational force acting along a lever arm (see moment)
- torque absorber
prosthetic functional component designed to allow transverse plane motion, thus reducing the torque transmitted to the stump
- total contact socket
socket providing equal surface contact all over
- TOTAL shock ?
prosthetic device providing vertical rotation and shock absorption
- total support
support forces are developed along the entire length of the socket rather than any specific proximal or distal location
- total surface bearing (socket)
socket providing equal surface contact all over
- TOTAL? Knee
polycentric joint controlling knee stance flexion by a geometric centrode
- tourniquet (effect)
a circumferential constriction stopping or reducing blood flow (deliberately applied after trauma or during surgery)
- toxic
being poisonous, demonstrating toxicity
- toxicity
extent or degree to which a substance is poisonous
- TQM; total quality management
continuous process for managing quality and improvements involving everyone and all activities in a company
- trace
to draw, mark, transfer construction details to a workpiece
- tracing, contour tracing
drawing of the outer contours
- training and education
practice training linked with academic education (e.g. as relates to O&P education)
- trans
- trans-lumbar amputation
amputation through the lower part of the trunk; hemicorporectomy
- trans-pelvic amputation
amputation of the whole lower limb together with all or part of the hemipelvis
- trans-radial amputation
amputation of the upper limb between the the elbow joint and the wrist joint
- trans-radial prosthesis
prosthesis for a person with an amputation between the elbow joint and the wrist joint
- transcutaneous
through the skin
- transducer
device that converts an input signal (force, pressure, movement, temperature, humidity, etc.) into another signal (electric, hydraulic, mechanical, etc.)
- transfemoral
through the thigh bone
- transfemoral amputation
amputation through the femur (thigh bone) between the hip joint and the knee joint
- transfemoral prosthesis (AK)
prosthesis for transfemoral amputation - (AK)
- transfer
moving from one surface to anotherwithout changing body position (e.g. from wheelchair to car/bed/chair)
- transfer device
device supporting transfer from wheelchair to chair, bed, toilet
- transferring oneself
moving from one surface to another, such as sliding along a bench or moving from a bed to a chair, without changing body position (WHO term)
- transhumeral amputation
amputation through the humerus between the shoulder joint and the elbow joint
- transhumeral prosthesis (AE)
amputation through the humerus - (AE)
- transmetatarsal
through the mid-foot bones
- transtibial (TT) prosthesis
prosthesis provided after transtibial amputation
- transtibial amputation
amputation of the lower limb between the knee joint and the ankle joint
- transversal (transtibial) amputation
transversal surgical technique according to Burgess: transtibial amputation building a long posterior flap
- transverse deficiency
absence of limb or distal part of limb; deficiency in which all bones distal to a transverse plane are totally absent
- transverse plane
any horizontal reference plane
- trauma
physical injury or wound caused by an external force of violence that may cause death or permanent disability
- traumatic
lesion caused by "accident" , see trauma
- Trendelenburg's phenomena
limping due to weakness of hip abductors (e.g. underdeveloped acetabulum / hip-socket)
- tri-axial
featuring three axes (typically 90 degrees toward each other)
- triceps surae
three headed muscle in the calf
- tricycle-type wheel chair
wheelchair with three wheels, front wheel manually powered
- trim
to cut of excess material, to provide a smooth edge
- triplegia
paralysis of one side of body plus one other extremity
- trochanter
muscle insertion point, bony protrusion lateral-proximally at the femur
- trunk
body excluding the head, the neck and the limbs
- truss
retention orthosis for hernias
- TT (transtibial) prosthesis
prosthesis provided after transtibial amputation
- TT or tt
transtibial: amputation of the lower limb between the knee joint and the ankle joint
- TT-socket
prosthetic socket for transtibial amputation
- TT/TF ratio
number of amputations performed on TT level in relation to the number of amputations performed on TF level
- tuberosity (as ischial tuberosity)
bony protrusion, muscle insertion/fixation point
- tumor
tissue hypergrowth
- two-stage amputation
amputation done in two phases ("wet gangrene amputation", alternative: one-stage amputation)
- ulcer
necrotic defect in the surface of the skin that may penetrate to deeper tissues
- ulceration
the process of ulcer formation
- ultrasonic scanning
diagnostic tissue scanning method using ultrasound as information carrier
- umbilical cord
tubular structure connecting the fetus to the placenta, supplying the fetus with oxygen and nutrients and removing waste
- umbilical hernia
hernia of the umbilical scar
- umbilical truss
truss (retention orthosis) for umbilical scar hernia
- uneven arm swing
indicator of a gait asymmetry (gait deviation)
- uneven heel rise
indicator of a gait asymmetry (gait deviation)
- uneven step length
indicator of a gait asymmetry (gait deviation)
- uneven timing
indicator of a gait asymmetry (gait deviation)
- uni?.
one?, single?.
- uniaxial
constructed with a single axis joint
- unilateral
one-sided (opposite: bi-lateral)
- universal joint
mechanical linkage of a shaft that allows rotation around its long axis but, more importantly, to flex the joint in two planes in right angles to each other
- Unna paste
zinc paste; combination of 15% zinc oxide in a glycogelatine base after Paul Gerson UNNA, German dermatologist
- upholster (to)
to pad, provide soft surface
- upper extremity, upper limb
part of the body comprising the hand,forearm, upper arm, shoulder girdle, and the intermediate joints
- upper limb orthosis
orthosis applied to whole or part of the upper limb
- upper limb prosthesis
prosthesis used to replace the whole or part of the upper limb
- upright
orthotic structural component alongside an anatomical segment(s)
- upset
to compress (as in forging)
- vacuum
absence of any matter, including air; a complete vacuum is impossible
- vacuum molded
shaped or formed using vacuum as a support force in shaping
- valgus
tilt/angulation away from the vertical midline
- valve
device to control the flow of liquids or gasses
- varicosis
disease of the veins (as seen in legs)
- varieties
various kinds of?..
- varnish
clear transparent lacquer
- varus
deviation or tilt/angulation of a limb segment toward the midline of the body
- varus foot deformity
congenital foot deformity, often: part of pes equino varus, club foot
- vascular
pertaining to blood vessels (arteries, veins)
- vascular surgery
specialized surgery in the management of diseases of the blood vessels, occlusive disease, bypass and transplantations of veins in particular
- vaulting
pushing oneself upward by excessive plantar flexion, thus lifting the body; "walking on the tiptoes"
- veins
blood vessels returning de-oxygenated blood to the heart
- velocity
speed (vectorial consideration of speed)
- venous leg ulcer
ulcer in the lower leg caused by venous insufficiency
- vernier caliper/gauge
precision measuring instrument
- verrucose hyperplasia
congested stump oedema due to poor socket fitcharacterized by the formation of hyperpigmented skin and lymphatic drainage
- verrucose, verrucous
characterized by the formation ofoedematous hyperpigmented skin
- viable
valuable in the sense of being useful and functional
- video-metric
measuring by means of video filming
- virus
an infectious, mostly pathogenic agent replicating itself within cells of its host
- visco-elastic
displaying properties of liquids and of elastic springs
- viscosity
measure of resistance to flow of a material
- viscous
refers to a material that continuously deforms (or flows) when subject to external forces
- vise
clamping device to hold work piece, while being worked on
- visual impairment
conditions where people are blind, color blind, or have reduced vision capabilities
- vocational
in relation to a vocation
- vocational training & education
building a professional by pertaining training (as apprenticeship course)
- volume fluctuation
swelling and shrinking
- volume loss
process of postoperative shrinking of a residual limb; volume loss creates potential problems with socket fit
- vulcanization
process of curing raw rubber in a heat process
- vulcanized fibre
an early synthetic plastic material
- walker
frame, with or without wheels, to support a person when walking
- walking ability
walking, mobility, quality of life factor
- walking ability index (WAI)
short distance walking ability test providing 6 categories from the unsuspicious walker to the non-ambulator (SIRIWARDENA, 1991)
- walking aid
any device supporting the act of walking
- walking distance
distance covered while walking, measured in units of length
- walking frame
frame, with or without wheels, to support a patient when walking
- walking performance
performance of walking measured in physical or physiological values
- walking school
facility retraining disabled individuals to learn walking again
- walking speed
speed achieved while walking, measured in distance over time
- wart
non-cancerous skin growth caused by a virus
- wastage of tissue
- weight
force exerted by any mass as a result of gravity
- weight activated safety knee
knee joint that controls stance flexion by body weight application
- weight bearing
act of accepting (and transferring) weight (in socket)
- weight bearing (thigh) corset
corset including an ischial support for weight transfer
- weight bearing orthosis
orthosis designed to reduce weight-pertaining force transfer to an extremity
- wet gangrene
gangrene that appears with liquidizing tissue deterioration by reasons of bacterial infection with anaerobe microorganisms
- wheel chair
mobility aid on wheels for transporting a disabled person in a seated position
- whiplash injury
soft tissue injury of the neck caused by alternating rapid forceful flexion and extension
Wrist Hand Orthosis: orthosis that encompasses the wrist joint and hand
World Health Organization (headquarters in Geneva Switzerland)
- window edema
swelling (of a residual limb) into a non-contact space
Wrist Orthosis: orthosis that encompasses the wrist joint
- wrap impression
negative (plaster) cast taken by wrapping (plaster) bandages
- wrap molding
negative pressure supported thermoforming of thermoplastic sheet material in a wrapping approach (creating a seam)
- wrist disarticulation
amputation of the upper limb at the wrist joint
- wrist joint
joint between the distal end of the radius and the proximal row of the carpal bones
- wrist units
prosthetic units that substitute for some of the functions of the normal wrist joint by means of controlled motions
- wrist?hand-finger orthosis (WHFO)
orthosis that encompasses thewrist joint, the hand and one or more fingers
- Xenon Xe 133
Xenon gas, Xe133 (radioactive), is used in medical imaging to study blood flow. By comparative scanning its tissue concentration may be tracked (indicating the related tissue blood flow)