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SLURM batch software
The Science cn-cluster uses SLURM for batch management. The cluster consists of 2 parts, determined by the ubuntu version, each has its own login node. Currently we have
Login node | Ubuntu version | number of nodes |
cnlogin20 | ubuntu 20.04 | 22 |
cnlogin22 | ubuntu 22.04 | 91 |
Typically you login to the login node and use that to submit your jobs.
term | meaning |
node | A node is a single machine in the cluster. |
cluster | A cluster exists of a set of nodes. |
partition | A partition is a defined subset of nodes of the whole cluster. Next to being a subset a 'partition' can also limit a job's resources. Per partition, only people in certain unix groups are allowed to run jobs on this partition. |
job | A job is typically run in a partition of the cluster. |
job step | A job step, is a (possibly parallel) task within a job. |
Slurm cheat sheets
Jobs always run within a partition.
The partitions for groups with their own nodes can only be used by members of these groups. These partitions usually have high priority and can run infinitely long (MaxTime=INFINITE). Jobs in these partitions will suspend jobs submitted in the partition "all" and the low priority partition "heflowprio".
PartitionName=tcm Nodes=cn../.. AllowGroups=tcm Priority=10
PartitionName=hef Nodes=cn../.. AllowGroups=ehef,thef Priority=10
PartitionName=heflowprio Nodes=../.. AllowGroups=ehef,thef Priority=1
PartitionName=milkun Nodes=cn../.. AllowGroups=milkun Priority=10
PartitionName=thchem Nodes=cn../.. AllowGroups=thchem Priority=10
To see a list of all partitions with their properties:
scontrol -a show partitions
To see a list of only the partitions you can use:
scontrol show partitions
To list a specific partition:
scontrol show partition cnczshort
Jobs in the cnczshort
partition also get high priority, but they will
be killed if they run more than 12 hours.
PartitionName=cnczshort Nodes=cn13 MaxTime=12:00:00 Priority=10 Preemptmode=REQUEUE
There also is a cncz
partition, that may be used by all cluster users for jobs that run less than a week, it has low priority:
PartitionName=cncz Nodes=cn13 Priority=2 MaxTime=7-00:00:00
There also is an all
partition with all nodes, this has the lowest priority, max 12 hours running jobs and a memory limit of 2 GB:
PartitionName=all MaxTime=12:00:00 MaxMemPerCPU=2048 Priority=1
To prevent accidents, before using the all queue, please
obtain permission from other groups to use their nodes and contact C&CZ for access to the clusterall
unix group. Use
of this queue is restricted to members of the clusterall
It is wise to provide the partition as an option either on the command
line as -p partitionname
or in the shell script by including a line:
#SBATCH --partition=partitionname
Submitting your first job
To execute your job on the cluster you need to write it in the form of a shell script (don't worry this is easier than it sounds). A shell script in its most basic form is just a list of commands that you would otherwise write on the command line. The first line of the script should contain an instruction telling the system which type of shell is supposed to execute it. Unless you really need something else you should always use bash. So without further ado here is your first shell script.
#! /bin/bash
#SBATCH --partition=cnczshort
sleep 60
echo "Hello world!"
Type this into an editor and save it as hello.sh
. To execute this on the
login node give it executable permissions (not needed when submitting):
$ chmod u+x hello.sh
and run it:
$ ./hello.sh
It will print Hello world to stdout (the screen). If anything goes wrong an error message will be sent to stderr which in this case is also the screen.
To execute this script as a job on one of the compute nodes we submit it to the
cluster scheduler slurm. This is done with the command sbatch
$ sbatch hello.sh
The scheduler will put your job in the named job partition and respond by giving you the job number (10 in this example):
Submitted batch job 10
Your job will now wait until a slot on one of the compute nodes becomes
available. Then it will be executed and the output is written to a file
in your home directory, unless you specify otherwise as
explained later.
Inspecting jobs
At any stage after submitting a job, while it is running, you may
inspect its status with squeue
$ squeue --job 10
It will print some information including its status which can be:
status | meaning |
pending |
running |
suspended |
It will also show the name of the job script, the user who submitted it
and the time used so far. To see full information about your job use the
$ scontrol show job 10
You can get a quick overview of how busy the cluster is with:
$ squeue
Which lists all jobs sorted by the nodes they are running on.
To get detailed information on a specific Jobid
$ scontrol show job -dd Jobid
You may use the scontrol
command to get information about the compute
nodes e.g. the number of CPU's, available memory and requestable resources
such as gpus if available.
$ scontrol show nodes
You may use the sinfo
command to get information on nodes and partitions:
$ sinfo -l
A useful overview of the state of all nodes usable by you can be achieved with:
$ sinfo -Ne -o "%.20n %.15C %.8O %.7t %25f" | uniq
A useful overview of the state of all nodes can be achieved with:
$ sinfo -a -Ne -o "%.20n %.15C %.8O %.7t %25f" | uniq
Finally there is the sall
command that gives a quick overview of all
jobs on the cluster. It supports the -r
, -s
and -p
flags for running,
suspended and pending jobs respectively.
$ sall -r
Understanding job priority
The scheduler determines which job to start first when resources become available based on the job's relative priority. This is a single floating point number calculated from various criteria.
Job priority is currently calculated based on the following criteria:
* queue time,
jobs that are submitted earlier get a higher priority;
* jobs relative size,
larger jobs requesting more resources such as nodes and CPUs get a higher priority because they are harder to schedule;
* fair share,
the priority of jobs submitted by a user increases or decreases depending on the resources (CPU time) consumed in the last week.
With the sprio -w
command you can view the current weights used in the priority computation.
Job priority formula:
Job_priority = (PriorityWeightAge) * (age_factor) +
(PriorityWeightFairshare) * (fair-share_factor) +
(PriorityWeightJobSize) * (job_size_factor)
The sall
command, when used in combination with the -p
flag lists
the jobs priority as well as an estimated start time.
Deleting jobs
If, after submitting a job, you discover that you made a mistake and want to delete your job you may do so with.
$ scancel 10
Submitting multiple jobs
Sometimes you may be able to split your job into multiple independent
tasks. For instance when you need to perform the same analysis on
multiple data files. Splitting this work up into multiple tasks helps
because they can then run simultaneously on different compute nodes. Now
this could be accomplished by writing a loop that generates and submits
job scripts but an easier approach is to use array jobs.
When calling sbatch
with the --array
flag an array job consisting of
multiple tasks is submitted to the scheduler. The number of the
current task is available to the scripts execution environment as
So for example the following test_array_job.sh
#! /bin/bash
#SBATCH --partition=tcm
echo This is task $SLURM_ARRAY_TASK_ID
Can be submitted with:
$ sbatch --array 1-4 ./test_array_job.sh
The four tasks in this job will now be executed independently with the
same script, the only difference being the value of
This value can be used in the script to for instance select different input files for your data reduction as in:
#! /bin/bash
my_command ~/input-$SLURM_ARRAY_TASK_ID
Do note however that the tasks will not necessarily be executed in order so they really need to be independent!
Advanced topics
Limiting the number of simultaneous tasks
If you submit a large array job (containing more than say a hundred
tasks) you may want to limit the number of simultaneous task executions.
You may do this using the %
sbatch --array 1-1000%20 ./test_array_job.sh
This will ensure at maximum 20 tasks run at the same time.
Setting scheduler parameters in the job script
Instead of entering all flags to sbatch
on the command line one can
also choose to write them into the job script itself. For this simply
prefix them with #SBATCH
. This is especially useful for flags described in the following
Changing the default logging location
By default standard output and error are written to a file named by the
process number in your home directory. This can be changed with the
and (optionally) --error
#! /bin/bash
# Choose partition to run job in
#SBATCH --partition=hef
# Send output to test.log in your home directory
#SBATCH --output ~/test.log
Getting email updates about your job
Constantly watching squeue
output to see when your job starts running
and when it's done is not very efficient. Fortunately you can also
request the scheduler to send you email in these situations.
#! /bin/bash
#SBATCH --mail-type=ALL
#SBATCH --mail-user=<your mail address>
This will get you email when your job begins, ends or fails. If you only
want email when it is done you can use --mail-type=END
Time limits
To allow the scheduler to efficiently distribute the available compute
time each job has a one hour time limit. If your job exceeds its
limit (counted from the moment execution started on the compute node) it
will be killed automatically. Now what if you know your job will need
more than one hour to complete? In this case you can simply request more
time with the --time
So for instance if you expect to need 12 hours of compute time for your job add the following to your script.
#! /bin/bash
#SBATCH --time=12:00:00
For multi-day walltime you can simply add an extra days field as in
If your job needs an excessive amount of memory to run you should request it using
#! /bin/bash
#SBATCH --mem=64G
For 64GB as an example. Please only use this if you know for certain that your job needs much more than 8GB of memory!
Nodes and cores
If your code uses parallelization using threads, OpenMP or MPI for
instance, you may want to request more CPU resources. This can be in the
form of more than one core on a single machine / node, more than one
machine or a combination of both. These resources are requested with the
flag combined with the -n
flag as follows.
#! /bin/bash
#SBATCH -N 1 -n 8
Requests 8 cores on one node.
#! /bin/bash
#SBATCH -N 10 -n 16
Requests 16 cores divided over 10 compute nodes (16 cores in total). Note that this helps only if your code is parallelized! Even if you think it is, it may still be disabled due to compile time selections so always check! For instance by running it briefly on the login node and inspecting CPU usage with top, if it rises above 100% it uses some kind of parallelization.
For MPI jobs you may only care about the total number of CPU cores used, not about if they are located on one machine or distributed over the system. Then you may use the -n flag by itself instead.
Requesting large amounts of cores and or nodes will reduce the probability that your job can be scheduled at each scheduling interval thereby pushing its start time further into the future so only request what you need!
Advanced node selection
Sometimes you may need more control over which nodes are used (for
instance when your data is located in its /scratch
. You can specify
explicit node names with the -w
flag (optionally multiple comma separated) as follows.
#! /bin/bash
#SBATCH -N 2 -n 4 -w cn90,cn91
This will request 4 cores on cn90
and cn91
Here are a couple of example scripts (feel free to add your own). Unless
otherwise stated just save them as my_job.sh
and submit them to the
scheduler with.
$ sbatch my_job.sh
Run a Python script
This job script, when submitted, executes a Python script ~/my_script.py
on a random available node.
#! /bin/bash
/usr/bin/python ~/my_script.py
Process a list of data files using an array job
Let's say filenames.txt
is a text file containing 100 file names you
wish to process. For instance created with:
ls *.dat > filenames.txt
You may now combine array jobs with clever use of the awk
command to
select the current filename from this file.
Submit the following script with sbatch –array 1-100 my_job_script.sh
#! /bin/bash
# Each task needs 1.5 hours of runtime
#SBATCH --time=01:30:00
INPUT_FILE=`awk "NR==$SLURM_ARRAY_TASK_ID" filenames.txt`
my_command $INPUT_FILE
Run a large data reduction job
This is an example of a job that needs a significant amount of resources
on a single specific node. Using cn90
in this example:
#! /bin/bash
# Request 10 CPU cores and 64GB of memory for 7 days on cn90
#SBATCH --partition=tcm
#SBATCH -N 1 -n 10
#SBATCH --mem=64GB
#SBATCH --time=7-00:00:00
#SBATCH -w cn90
# Get email updates
#SBATCH --mail-type=ALL
#SBATCH --mail-user=<username>@science.ru.nl
This assumes you have your data stored in /scratch
. If your application is not IO limited, simply store
your data in a network share or your home directory (~
) instead and remove the -w
line to allow the scheduler to pick a random node.
Request a GPU
Then use:
# set the number of GPU cards to use per node
#SBATCH --gres=gpu:1
Run an OpenMP job
OpenMP is frequently used for multithreaded parallel programming. To use
OpenMP on the cluster, make sure your code is compiled using the
flag. Then any CPU cores requested will be automatically
picked up (e.g. no need to set the OMP_NUM_THREADS
flag). In fact if
you do set the flag it will probably lead to slower running code since
forcing the number of threads to be higher than the number of CPU cores
available leads to overhead.
So the following example code for a parallel for loop:
#include <omp.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
const int N = 100000;
int i, a[N];
#pragma omp parallel for
for (i = 0; i < N; i++)
a[i] = 2 * i;
return 0;
can be compiled and run on the cluster with the following job script:
#! /bin/bash
# Request 4 CPU cores for this OpenMP code
#SBATCH -N 1 -n 4
# First compile it
gcc -O2 -mtune=native -fopenmp my_code.c -o my_code
# and run
Run an MPI job
The cluster scheduler has full built in support for OpenMPI therefore it
is unnecessary to specify the --hostfile
, --host
, or -np
options to
. Instead you can simply call mpirun
from your job script and
it will be aware of all nodes and cores requested and uses them
#! /bin/bash
# Request 32 processor cores randomly distributed over nodes
#SBATCH -n 32
# And 12 hours of runtime
#SBATCH --time=12:00:00
# Get email when it's done
#SBATCH --mail-type=END
#SBATCH --mail-user=<username>@science.ru.nl
mpirun my_mpi_application
Copy data to local scratch from external server
This copies data from an external location to local scratch storage using SCP. If this takes a significant amount of time, or has to be done regularly you may want to submit a job to the scheduler to do it overnight.
Generate SSH keys
You only need to do this once!
The job script, when executed, cannot ask you for your password so we need to setup access via a public-private key pair first. Create a new keypair with:
ssh-keygen -t ed25519
and hit enter a bunch of times. Ddo not enter a password or it will attempt to ask the script again.
Exchange keys
Now, append your public key to a file called ~/.ssh/authorized_keys:
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub email@example.com
Test passwordless login
See if it worked:
ssh firstname.lastname@example.com
This should give you a shell on the other machine without having to supply your password.
Copy the data using a batch job
Now you may submit the following script to the scheduler.
#! /bin/bash
#SBATCH --partition=tcm
# Select the node
#SBATCH -w cn90
# Get email when it's done
#SBATCH --mail-type=END
#SBATCH --mail-user=<username>@science.ru.nl
scp -r firstname.lastname@example.com:/path/over/there /scratch/$USER/
Interactive jobs
If you need interactive access (a shell) you can request the scheduler for this with the following steps:
- Request an allocation of resources. For instance, 1 core for 2 hours on a random node:
salloc -c 1 --partition=tcm --time 2:00:00
- Attach a shell to this allocation:
srun --pty bash
You then get a prompt on an available node and can start working. This shell will be automatically closed after two hours.


text:
T.M.M. Mattheij, Leerschool der liefde. Burgerlijk drama en de Amsterdamse Schouwburg 1738-1788. Geschiedenis, repertoire, receptie
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
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Independent Investor: Europe's Banking Crisis
Investors are selling first and waiting for the facts later. Few can blame them given their experience in 2008-2009. Investors in the stock market sustained huge losses by naively believing that the financial sector and the government were in control of that crisis. This time around, no one believes anything they say.
The problem is compounded by the fact that this financial crisis is located in Europe where different rules apply, where the political and financial systems are different and where even the time zones play a part. Wednesday's panicked selloff was largely a result of a front-page story in the Wall Street Journal that revealed that the Federal Reserve Bank is scrutinizing the U.S. subsidiaries of all the European banks.
The Fed is worried that Europe's banks, faced with a dwindling supply of cash to pay off loans and remain solvent, are emptying the cash coffers of their U.S. operations. The latest Fed data, according to the WSJ, indicated that over the last three weeks, the cash reserves of these American subsidiaries have declined by 16 percent.
There was also a mention that one European bank borrowed $500 million in a one week loan from the European Central Bank at a higher interest rate than could be borrowed from fellow lenders at a cheaper rate. Investors sold first, assuming that, in at least this one case, some European bank was in deep financial trouble and where there is smoke there is usually fire. The facts do not support that conclusion — at this time. European banks still have massive reserves here, as much as $600 billion or more.
"At this time" is key because Friday the facts could change and during our financial crisis the facts did change, to our detriment, quite often. Because of our recent past, investors have no faith in either government's or the banking community's ability to solve our economic or financial problems. We have even less faith (if that's possible) in the European Union. Some of that disbelief is warranted. After all, the EU is an economic, not a political union. Given that there has never been a successful union that did not incorporate both politics and economy, the Achilles Heal of Europe is now surfacing.
This week the Europeans tried several initiatives that disappointed investors. First, several European nations announced new rules to prevent short selling of their banking stocks. The U.S. did the same thing during our financial crisis which proved to be both short-lived and completely ineffective. Within three days those same banking stocks were down 10 percent or more as investors simply found new ways to sell those stocks.
A meeting between Germany and France on Tuesday had the markets hoping that the two power houses of Europe would announce new, sweeping initiatives that might finally come to grips with the spreading European crisis. Instead, Chancellor Angela Merkel and French President Nicolas Sarkozy proposed that Euro-zone leaders should meet more often and recommended appointing a new Euro-zone chief, but didn't say what kind of power they would have in dictating EU policy. Big deal!
Remember the $157 billion Greek bailout that was supposed to be signed, sealed and delivered? Well, not quite; it appears several nations want cash-strapped Greece to provide cash as collateral in exchange for their participation in the bailout loan. It seems a growing swell of anti-bailout sentiment is rising in an increasing number of countries.
Coupled with these disappointing developments, Germany's most recent GDP second-quarter data indicated annualized growth has slowed to 0.05 percent. That punctured any hope that Germany, whose economy was considered the locomotive of Europe, would continue to support overall growth of the 17 Euro nations. Add a banking crisis, coupled with a deep distrust of existing authority, the increasing fear of a double-dip recession and the lack of political unity equals a continued wave of panic selling.
What could turn this around? A once and for all comprehensive plan by Europe to solve their burgeoning debt crisis might be the answer. But can that be done without addressing the "Elephant in the Room," i.e., political unity? Probably not, if a politically-divided U.S. Congress can't come to an agreement on our economic issues, how hard will it be for the EU to do the same?
Bill Schmick is an independent investor with Berkshire Money Management. (See "About" for more information.) None of the information presented in any of these articles is intended to be and should not be construed as an endorsement of BMM or a solicitation to become a client of BMM. The reader should not assume that any strategies, or specific investments discussed are employed, bought, sold or held by BMM. Direct your inquiries to Bill at (toll free) or e-mail him at firstname.lastname@example.com . Visit www.afewdollarsmore.com for more of Bill's insights.
Tags: Greece, bailout, Europe, banking crisis |
@theMarket: One Down, One to Go
On Friday, the European Union announced a new $157 billion bailout plan for Greece. The scope of the plan went much further than most investors expected. It promised to finance all countries that need bailouts for as long as it takes for them to recover. There's more.
I refer to the new plan as the "Full Monty" (see my column "Europe Goes the Full Monty") because it is the first time in the 18-month long crisis that European leaders were willing to draft a comprehensive approach to the financial crisis among the PIGS (Portugal, Ireland, Greece and Spain). The plan will be proactive in heading off any further financial contagion among its members while fencing in those that already are in trouble (Portugal, Ireland and Greece).
The deal does allow for a "selective default" in Greece, where some but not all of its debt will be written off or renegotiated at lower terms and lengthened maturities. The plan does not go as far as I might have wished but in the real world of European politics it appears the best that they could do. In my opinion, the crisis appears, if not over, to be at least contained for now.
That crisis is one of two large clouds that have been hanging over the markets for months. The other bailout issue is in our own backyard. And, as I suspected, our elected representatives are stretching out the tension as long as they can. Both sides are glorying in their extra media attention, using their 10-15 seconds of sound-bite glory to appear concerned, tough and "on your side" (while raising as much additional campaign funds as possible for next year's elections).
Here are a summary of client questions and my answers this week on this on-going travesty:
"Will the debt ceiling be raised by the August 2 deadline?"
I'm betting yes, but that still leaves 11 days of volatility in the bond and stock markets.
"What will happen after the deadline, if the ceiling isn't raised?"
As I wrote last week, the markets will decline in the short term, presenting a buying opportunity for anyone brave enough to venture into equities.
"Will the Gang of Six deficit-reduction plan be passed?"
I suspect some version of that plan will be passed but the question is when. The Republicans want to prevent any legislation that might improve the economy or reduce unemployment until after next year's elections. They hope voter frustration over the economy will propel their party's candidates into office and defeat a re-election bid by President Obama.
Unfortunately, the nation's financial credit agencies are not cooperating with the GOP timetable. They have made it clear that without a serious, comprehensive deficit–cutting plan in the ballpark of $4 trillion or more, they will cut the U.S. debt rating. I suspect we will be on "credit watch" until a deficit reduction deal is passed, which means that we will be assaulted by this back-and-forth bickering for some time to come.
"If and when the deficit plan is passed, can we go back to whatever normal is?"
That depends. I believe that cutting spending and raising taxes in an economy that is struggling to gain momentum exposes this recovery to extreme danger. Cutting spending too deeply while raising taxes too much (and shrinking the money supply) is exactly what nipped a fledgling recovery in the bud and sent the U.S. economy into a depression in the '30s. Ask yourself this question: do you feel confident that a bunch of madmen in Washington have the ability to strike just the right balance in order to grow the economy while reducing the deficit?
But let me worry about that. It will take weeks, if not months, for such a compromise to be worked out. In the meantime, this last storm cloud appears to be moving to the edge of the horizon for now. I expect some real progress on a compromise next week.
The economy may be inching along, but corporate profits are booming. This earnings season so far is seeing the vast majority of companies beat earnings and increase guidance. This debt crisis is repressing what should be a buoyant stock market. Like a coiled spring, stocks are just waiting to bounce higher. If and when the debt ceiling is passed, that will happen.
Bill Schmick is an independent investor with Berkshire Money Management. (See "About" for more information.) None of the information presented in any of these articles is intended to be and should not be construed as an endorsement of BMM or a solicitation to become a client of BMM. The reader should not assume that any strategies, or specific investments discussed are employed, bought, sold or held by BMM. Direct your inquiries to Bill at (toll free) or e-mail him at firstname.lastname@example.com . Visit www.afewdollarsmore.com for more of Bill's insights.
Tags: Greece, PIGS, bailout, Europe, deb ceiling |
Independent Investor: Europe Goes the Full Monty
Full Monty: "everything which is necessary, appropriate, or possible; 'the works.'" — Oxford English Dictionary |
A new rescue plan for Greece is being hammered out in Brussels today, Thursday. Although the details are yet to be released, it appears that the European Community is finally going for an overall plan that will do more than just Band-Aid over the debt crisis of southern Europe.
Greece, of course, is the bad boy of that continent but Ireland, Portugal and even larger economies like Spain and Italy are being added to the list of troubled nations. Up until now, the EU has grudgingly provided bailout money in exchange for economic austerity measures that have only driven these countries into deeper recessions and increased social discontent.
The new aid package to be announced will be a departure from this bankrupt strategy. Instead, the EU will tackle the root cause of the issue and reduce the overwhelming debt burdens of Greece, Portugal and Ireland. It will allow the EU's rescue fund, called the European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF), not only to buy that debt but also reissue new debt (loans) at much lower interest rates. It could also extend the maturities on new loans to these countries from an average of 7.5 years to 15 years or more.
The EFSF will also be able to aid troubled banks by lending money to various euro-zone governments (who will then bail out their banks) pre-emptively. No longer will governments have to wait for the crisis to hit before doing something about it. The EFSF will also be able to buy and sell sovereign debt of any of these countries on the open market in cooperation with the European Central Bank. That should discourage rampant speculation in these instruments, which has exasperated the crisis.
These moves, which were all rejected by Germany up until now, will form the basis of the equivalent of a Marshal Plan for Europe. I believe it is the best plan yet to address the financial contagion that has been pulling down one country after another within the EU. By reducing existing debt to manageable proportions and giving the beleaguered nations breathing room to repay it over many more years, the burden becomes more manageable. No longer will Greece, Portugal and Ireland have to slash spending and raise taxes while scrambling to find a way to pay back the loans and grow their economies all at the same time.
I had maintained that it was impossible to accomplish that feat. Readers may recall that over the last year I have been writing (and hoping) that the EU would see the light. This program, while not exactly the route I would have taken, is far more comprehensive than their past plans of simply kicking the can down the road.
An important change, and one that the European Central Bank had been resisting, is the possibility of allowing a "selective" default occur in Greek government debt. How that would happen is still not clear but it might include a bond-exchange program, a write-down of some of the debt or a buy back by the EFSF of a portion, say 20 percent, of heavily discounted Greek bonds.
The markets have been wrestling with just how such a default would impact Europe's banks, which hold billions of Euros in the sovereign debt obligations of the PIGS (Portugal, Ireland, Greece and Spain). Will a "selective" default of some Greek debt trigger the credit agencies to move toward a more negative stance on EU banks? If today's prices of European bank stocks are any indication, the markets believe that there is a plan to avoid the credit agency's wrath.
All we know at this time is that private institutions in the financial sector will be given a number of alternative methods on how to assist in financing Greece's debt now and in the future. Some of the ways this can be accomplished are debt exchanges, roll overs and/or buy backs of existing debt.
I am sure that the details will need to be ironed out and, as usually happens with a plan this large, it will be a work in progress with lots of trial and error. What is important is that Europe's leaders have finally come to understand that the theatre we have been watching for almost two years needed drastic changes. The solution to the Greek financial crisis demanded that the actors revisit the stage with a new act. This week they have responded with an economic Fully Monty. I say, Bravo!
Bill Schmick is an independent investor with Berkshire Money Management. (See "About" for more information.) None of the information presented in any of these articles is intended to be and should not be construed as an endorsement of BMM or a solicitation to become a client of BMM. The reader should not assume that any strategies, or specific investments discussed are employed, bought, sold or held by BMM. Direct your inquiries to Bill at (toll free) or e-mail him at firstname.lastname@example.com . Visit www.afewdollarsmore.com for more of Bill's insights.
Tags: Greece, PIGS, bailout, Europe |
@theMarket: Greece — How To Default Without Defaulting
The European Community's solution to the Greek debt crisis has been an exercise in kicking the can down the road for well over two years. Unfortunately, this Greek Tragedy is now taking on the dimensions of a three-ring circus and taking the world's financial markets along with it.
This week, the volatility in the stock markets was reminiscent of the bad old days of 2008-2009. The on-again, off-again status of Greece's promised next installment of last year's bailout package was the chief cause of concern. The money was promised to Greece, if it cut the country's deficit of $40 billion. So far that hasn't happened. The Greek population has taken to the streets once again to prevent the passage of this new austerity package while Greek's ruling party is disintegrating.
In the meantime, Germany, the money man of Europe, has been insisting that the European private sector banks with large outstanding loans to Greece also become a party to any additional bailouts of the country. Germany's Angela Merkel had been insisting that 1) European financial institutions agree to give Greece an extra seven years to repay its bonds or 2) agree to a "Vienna-style" solution of swapping their existing Greek bonds for lower interest-bearing bonds.
The problem with scheme No. 1 is that the moment the private banks are forced to take a loss on their Greek debt holdings, global credit agencies would deem Greece in default. That would set off a number of sirens simultaneously in several markets. Countries with similar problems would see their bonds plummet.
The credit default swap market (CDS) would also be shaken. The CDS is where banks go to buy insurance against default by governments or corporate entities. I would guess, for example, that it costs $2 million or more every year just to insure these banks against a Greek default. But the European Central Bank is determined that any Greek debt restructuring should not trigger such a "credit event" that would enable buyers of CDS to be compensated from swap insurance sellers.
That leaves option No. 2, a Vienna-style scheme that would involve convincing banks to voluntarily accept new Greek bonds for old bonds at much lower rates of interest. That way the banks (and their shareholders) take the hit to their balance sheets and the insurance they hold would be of no value (because they would agree to take the hit "voluntarily"). I say good luck to that plan.
Investors would be smart enough to see right through that farce. They would dump their remaining European bank shares, any debt they might hold in countries such as Spain, Portugal, Ireland, etc., and would call into question the CDS insurance market overall. If governments can engineer defaults without calling them defaults, then what good is the disaster insurance that banks pay millions for each year?
Fortunately, we only have to wait until Monday for the outcome of this latest chapter in the ongoing saga of European debt restructuring. Euro zone finance ministers are meeting in Luxembourg on Sunday and will hopefully agree on some formula or compromise with Greece. Remember too that this is only an installment not a solution. It will only push the specter of default out until September. Then we get to kick the can down the road for another three months.
I am convinced that the International Monetary Fund and the European community's response to the debt crisis of the PIGS nations won't work. Something radical such as a debt-for-equity swap, combined with a debt forgiveness plan, a la Latin America in the Eighties, will be the ultimate solution to this crisis. On Friday, Deutsche Bank CEO Josef Ackermann agreed with me. He said that simply forcing Greece to impose austerity and reduce its budget deficit won't solve the crisis; it will only force the economy to contract further. He called for the creation of a European-style Marshall Plan, referring to the massive U.S. inspired "soft" loan plan to rebuild post-World War II Germany.
As for our markets, I maintain we are close to a bottom. Whether the S&P 500 Index bottoms at 1,275, 1,250, or worst case, 1,225, investors should be looking at equities. However, this time around I don't think commodities will lead the market. Instead, I would be looking at large-cap dividend stocks, the health care and some consumer staples as possible focus areas.
Bill Schmick is an independent investor with Berkshire Money Management. (See "About" for more information.) None of the information presented in any of these articles is intended to be and should not be construed as an endorsement of BMM or a solicitation to become a client of BMM. The reader should not assume that any strategies, or specific investments discussed are employed, bought, sold or held by BMM. Direct your inquiries to Bill at (toll free) or e-mail him at firstname.lastname@example.com. Visit www.afewdollarsmore.com for more of Bill's insights.
Tags: Greece, PIGS, bailout, Europe |
The Independent Investor: General Motors — Back to the Future
No, I know; you did send me back to the future. But I'm back — I'm back from the future. — Marty McFly |
It will be the largest public offering in U.S. history. A total of $23.1 billion was raised, including $4.35 billion in preferred stock. That was no small accomplishment, given the recent sell-off in world markets. General Motors is back.
What a difference two years make. Over that time, I had written several columns at first advocating letting GM go bankrupt (which it ultimately did). It was either that or a merger, if they could find an auto company that was willing to step up to the plate and buy it. There were no takers. When the government announced its last resort of a $49.5 billion bail out last year, I had mixed feelings.
After the huge bank bailouts, I wasn't happy about rescuing GM. I believed that the auto company deserved its fate. Its management had guided the company downhill ever since the mid-90s with the help of the labor unions. It was their arrogant "we know best" attitude in the face of obvious changes in the global automotive marketplace (such as the move toward smaller, more fuel-efficient cars) that really bothered me.
On the other hand, I also knew that we didn't need another avalanche of layoffs in the face of an unemployment rate that was climbing at 400,000 lost jobs per month. And GM employees were only the tip of the iceberg when it came to lost jobs. The ripple effect on auto suppliers would have to be added to the GM jobs. Then there were the dealerships across the nation. Car dealers provide enormous benefits to just about every local community in America in the form of jobs, taxes and charitable giving, while providing increased shopping traffic to the community they reside in.
By the time I took account of the enormous blowback GM and Chrysler's demise would cause, I reluctantly agreed that the bailout was better than the alternative although my stance was not very popular among readers.
In September 2009, in "Why Americans Should Become Detroit's Long-Term Investors," I wrote the following about the billions in taxpayer money we were investing:
Now, as we like to say in the money-management business, the past is no guarantee of future performance, yet there is a chance if we have a little patience here we too could walk away with a big return. Besides, what do we the taxpayers have to lose? Sure, I know there will be some that say the government has no business becoming the major shareholder in American auto companies and should exit this investment at the earliest possible time. Some will even say it is un-American if we don't. I say it's a little too late for those attitudes. The horse is already out of the barn. So go ahead and call me a socialist. I say we took a huge risk when no one else would, and we deserve a commensurate return on this investment. Now that presumes I have some faith in the future of the American auto industry, and I do. All I have read concerning the on-going restructuring taking place in research and development, in manufacturing processes, and management structures indicate to me that the Big Three are getting their act together. Ford is clearly on the right path and so are GM and Chrysler. After all, none of them have lost their main competitive edge—American labor and ingenuity. I'll bet on that. So let's hang in there. I believe a little patience will pay off for all of us down the road. |
So far GM has returned $9.5 billion of that loan. With this offering, another $13 billion will flow back to the government, leaving taxpayer ownership at roughly 26 percent, down from 61 percent. It is a shame that the government does not have the patience to hold on to its shares because, over time, I think taxpayers could have made a substantial profit.
I guess removing the "government motors" stigma from the company outweighed the profit motive. Over the next few years, the government will continue to sell down its position in the same manner that they are now reducing their ownership of Citibank (at a profit). It looks like most of our investment will be recouped and at a far faster than I imagined.
Bill Schmick is an independent investor with Berkshire Money Management. (See "About" for more information.) None of the information presented in any of these articles is intended to be and should not be construed as an endorsement of BMM or a solicitation to become a client of BMM. The reader should not assume that any strategies, or specific investments discussed are employed, bought, sold or held by BMM. Direct your inquiries to Bill at 1-888-232-6072 (toll free) or e-mail him at email@example.com. Visit www.afewdollarsmore.com for more of Bill's insights.
Tags: GM, bailout |


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text: Dog sleds and tents between hills in Sarek National Park. 10 oktober, 2018 10 maj, 2022 Jokkmokkguiderna About Author Jokkmokkguiderna We are a small company based at the Arctic Circle which delivers outstanding wilderness travel experiences during summer and winter. Previous postPackraft and Camping Trip on the Border to Sarek National Park Comments Lämna ett svar CommentName* Email* Website Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Post Comment


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Privacy Policy
Maintaining your privacy is really important to us. You entrust us with your information, and
we take that responsibility seriously.
We may modify or update this Privacy Policy from time to time to reflect the changes in our
business and practices, and so you should review this page periodically. When we change
the policy in a material manner we will let you know and update the 'last updated' header as
This Privacy Policy was last amended on [enter date]
This policy was last updated on [enter date] in line with GDPR requirements. It may be
updated in the future and we will post the new version here on our website. We will never
deviate from our overall philosophy of maintaining your privacy, though.
1. General Information
[your store name] We take security and privacy seriously. This Privacy
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Your personal data
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Your "personal data"; may also be contained in information that we collect about you in
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When it comes to your personal data, we comply with our obligations under the General
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Your personal data includes the information you provide, on the [your domain name]
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Examples of this personal data include your name, your email address, address including
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We do not knowingly collect or solicit any personal data from anyone under the age of
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text:
Investing should be easy – just buy low and sell high – but most of us have trouble following that simple advice. There are principles and strategies that may enable you to put together an investment portfolio that reflects your risk tolerance, time horizon, and goals. Understanding these principles and strategies can help you avoid some of the pitfalls that snare some investors.
From Boats to Brokers
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Getting a Head Start on College Savings
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What if instead of buying that vacation home, you invested the money?
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When examining a blood panel, a veterinarian may report to the owner that a pet has hypercalcemia, which is an elevated level of calcium in the blood. The owner often then wonders if there is too much calcium in the pet's food or in the vitamins or supplements the pet is taking.
Ingesting calcium in food or canine nutritional supplements will not cause an excessive blood level. There are some diseases, though, that can cause hypercalcemia. The first thing your veterinarian will do though is to repeat the calcium test as sometimes there are false positive tests. If the second test is normal, the pet does not have a problem.
The most common cause of a high calcium level is cancer. In about half of the cases of hypercalcemia in dogs the cause is lymphoma, a cancer of the lymphatic system. Lymphoma most often causes lymph nodes to swell, but it may localize in the liver, intestine, spleen, heart, brain, spinal cord, or kidneys. Tumors of the anal glands, and less frequently, other tumors, can also cause high calcium levels. Blood tests can determine if the calcium problem is due to cancer.
Disease of one or more of the small parathyroid glands in the neck can cause hypercalcemia. A small benign tumor on a parathyroid gland can cause too much hormone to be produced, which then causes the calcium level to be too high. It is possible for a skilled professional to find these small masses on an ultrasound.
About one-third of Addison's Disease cases have high calcium levels. Addison's is a disease where too little cortisol is produced. These dogs usually act sick, with weakness, vomiting, and diarrhea often seen.
Excessive Vitamin D or similar compounds can cause a high level of calcium. These can be found in human vitamin supplements, some rat baits, and psoriasis medication made for people. Dovonex and Taclonex are brand names for prescription psoriasis creams that are especially dangerous to pets as even a small amount can cause death in pets when ingested.
Why Do We Care if the Calcium is High?
It can be very dangerous as it can cause mineralization of blood vessels, the stomach lining, and the kidneys. The kidney disease can be so severe it leads to failure.
Your veterinarian will do blood tests, and possibly chest x-rays and an abdominal ultrasound to determine the cause of the high calcium. Treatment will be directed at the underlying cause. If lymphoma is the cause, chemotherapy may be started which should lower the calcium level. If there is an anal gland tumor, surgery is indicated. Addison's Disease is treated by supplementing the hormone that is low; this may be by a daily pill or by an injection that is given every 25 days.
If the high calcium persists, or an underlying cause cannot be found, the general treatment for hypercalcemia is hospitalization with intravenous saline fluid, Lasix, and sometimes steroids.
The prognosis for hypercalcemia depends on the severity of the underlying cause. Addison's Disease can usually be well controlled. Lymphoma dogs respond to aggressive chemotherapy for an average of one to two years. If an anal gland tumor can be caught very early, surgery may be curative. Your veterinarian will investigate and determine the cause of the high calcium and discuss the prognosis and treatment plan with you.
"Hypercalcemia Diagnosis in Dogs". Pacific Tide Newsletter, Vol 10, Issue1, Oct 2012
Pet Poison Helpline, http://www.petpoisonhelpline.com


text: CDC Developmental Milestones 4 Month Old Consider Love Love is patient and kind. Love is patient and kind. Love is not jealous or boastful or proud 5 or rude. It does not demand its own way. It is not irritable, and it keeps no record of being wronged. 6 It does not rejoice about injustice but rejoices whenever the truth wins out. 7 Love never gives up, never loses faith, is always hopeful, and endures through every circumstance. (1 Cor 13:4-7 NLT)


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If you have plenty of money and time an Angular application generated by JHipster is a good fit, otherwise have a look at OpenXava.
Write just the domain classes in plain Java. Get a business application ready for production.
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"I've been able to put together more functionality in my initial 6 days of starting to learn OpenXava (and I know nothing about Java itself - yet) than I was able to accomplish in several weeks of either RoR or Laravel, and I know a bit of Ruby and PHP."
"I have been looking for a logical, understandable, simple approach to web tools for years now and OpenXava is the first thing I have found that fits that bill. Most tools like VisualStudio Web App are so extremely confusing and so many moving part that the learning curve is insurmountable."
"Openxava is brilliant. I used Wavemaker as a UI before, and that was really hard work."
"OpenXava for me is an exceptional tool, saving us time, made it standard interfaces, imposed a criterion of unique development in the organization."
"I am using OpenXava and finding it wonderfully refreshing, as someone who needs to program in Java with no Java knowledge it is a wonderful tool so thanks!"
You only write the code for your data structure and business logic with Java. You do not write HTML, JavaScript, CSS, SQL, etc. The user interface and the database logic are automatically provided.
If you know basic Java and JPA you're already an OpenXava developer, you don't need any more to create complete applications. The OpenXava bundle is prepared for a rapid startup.
Modern web Single-Page Applications (SPA). List mode with paging, ordering, filtering, adding / removing / moving columns, PDF reports, export/import to Excel, cards format, charts, etc. Detail mode with tabs, frames, dialogs, editors for references and collections, responsive layout, maps, discussion threads, photo gallery, file upload, etc.
Flexible enough to solve any case you'll face developing a business application. For the user interface OpenXava has a bunch of annotations to define the layout of the view in a high abstraction level, this is enough for most cases. For the behavior it has a controller framework to define your own behavior for a certain part of the application, or even for overwriting the standard behavior of the whole application. Moreover, you can modify the way any part of the user interface is generated by defining your own editors for certain types or properties. Finally, you can program by hand the user interface of any module of your application using JSP, HTML or JavaScript.
In addition to the classic web user interface for desktop you can get a mobile user interface for your application from the same code.
Browsers: Chrome, Firefox, Edge and Safari. Databases: Any supported by Hibernate, that is Oracle, DB2, AS/400, Informix, PostgreSQL, MySQL, MS SQL Server and practically all relational databases. Operating systems: Any with Java 8 (or better) support, that is Windows, Linux, Mac, Unix, AS/400, z/OS, etc. Application servers: Any with support for Servlets 3.1 (or better), including Tomcat, JBoss, WebSphere, Glassfish, WebLogic, etc.
OpenXava complies with OWASP Top Ten, which means it meets the highest security standards for web applications. In fact, OpenXava passes the OWASP ZAP web security test 100%, without any critical, medium, or low level alerts. In addition, we frequently release versions where we fix security bugs and update dependencies to avoid using vulnerable third-party libraries.
The first production applications developed with OpenXava were for AS/400, using the AS/400 as the database with the application server in Linux or Windows, or even running the OpenXava applications inside the AS/400 (using WebSphere). In all cases the OpenXava applications used the tables designed by the RPG programmers as is, so the RPG programs still could work against the same data. Currently, many public administrations and banks around the world use OpenXava applications against AS/400 in production. It means that OpenXava is optimized to work nicely against the AS/400, moreover the team behind OpenXava has the know-how to face mapping AS/400 databases with Java technology, not so easy because RPG programmers do not use foreign keys, nulls, they use overlapped fields to chain different tables, fixed-length fields, and many other non-relational style practiques.
LGPL license that allows you to develop commercial applications without paying any fees.
The standard labels and messages included in OpenXava are in English, Spanish, German, French, Chinese, Russian, Japanese, Portuguese, Catalan, Indonesian, Italian, Polish, Serbian and Swedish. Moreover, it's pretty easy to add a new language.
250,000 downloads. 60 authors. Thousands of threads in the forums. Hundreds of applications developed. Hundreds of professionals in LinkedIn with OpenXava experience.
Complete Reference Guide in English and Spanish. Free online course in English and Spanish where an invoicing application is developed from scratch. Book in English and Spanish available from Amazon. Video-course in English and Spanish on YouTube.
Free support in community forums, though they have thousands of threads all questions are answered. Moreover, there is professional support available.
Thus you can migrate your current Java code easily to OpenXava, and vice versa. You can use any Java tool for OpenXava. Your Java developers are already OpenXava developers. OpenXava projects are Maven-based. You can use IntelliJ, NetBeans, Eclipse or Visual Studio Code as IDE. OpenXava works nicely with Java 8, 11, 17 and 21. OpenXava is based on Java Persistence API (JPA), Dependency Injection for Java and Bean Validation standards. OpenXava supports: JSR-338, JSR-317, JSR-303, JSR-330, JSR-220, JSR-153, JSR-311, JSR-339 and JSR-370.
Many developers have integrated their OpenXava applications with other enterprise technologies and tools such as Talend, Bonita Open Solution, Ehcache, Spring Framework, Spring Security, Spring Scheluding, Quartz, Groovy, IntelliJ, Grafana, Pentaho, Docker, etc.
6 releases/year, half of them maintenance releases (just with bug fixes). Since 2005.
July 16, 2024
OpenXava Studio 7 R3 availableOpenXava Studio 7 release 3 is now available for download. It features a new wizard that allows you to create your new OpenXava project from pre-existing templates, so you don't have to start your project from scratch. Templates like Master-Detail, CRM or Project Management. |


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Ingredients for filling :
1/2 pound ground meat (either chicken or pork)
2 spring onions – fine chopped
6 water chestnut – finely chopped
1/2 pound of shrimp – clean and roughly chopped
2 tbsp of soy sauce
1 tbsp of oyster sauce
1/2 tsp. sesame oil
1/2 tsp. sugar
1 egg yolk
1 tsp. corn or potato starch
salt and pepper to taste
1 packet of wanton wrappers
1 egg white - beaten
1. Mix all ingredients for filling together and set it aside for an hour.
2. Place a teaspoon of filling in the center of wanton skin. Wet the four edges of the wrapper with the beaten egg white to seal in the filling. Do the same to the rest.
3. Heat up about one inch of oil in a deep heavy skillet over medium heat and fry the wanton for a few minutes on each side or until golden brown. Remove and drain oil on paper towels.
4. Serve it with your favorite chili sauce or dipping sauce.


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Mr. Corwin captivates from first to last frame. His insights and memories range from his earliest recollections of radio to topics such as fascism, the obligation of an artist, and the art of directing.
"Corwin's career is the stuff of legend, and to have this chronicle in his own words is priceless." - Leonard Maltin, Leonard's Picks (12/28/06)


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Another hectic week in the technology space wraps up just as the massive festival for interactive geeks and the marketers who love them — South By Southwest — gets under way in Austin, Texas.
If this is your first All Tech roundup, we organize it in three sections: ICYMI for some highlights from NPR's coverage this week, Big Conversations for what's buzzing across the Internet in the technology and culture space and Curiosities for oddities that piqued our interest. Share your thoughts in the comments section below.
#NPRWIT: This week, NPR's Tell Me More launched a celebration of women in technology, during which the field's leading ladies will showcase a day in their lives on Twitter. You can ask questions and participate in the conversation using the hashtag #NPRWIT. Melinda Gates is doing it!
Are you following @TellMeMoreNPR's #NPRWIT conversation? Great look inside the lives of innovative women: http://t.co/vw4cFIyTrK
— Melinda Gates (@melindagates) March 4, 2014
Thanks, technology!Service industry workers should rejoice the likes of Square, an iPad-based cash register. It presents customers with a screen that suggests tip amounts, and "you physically have to hit 'no-tip' — and feel like a jerk — if you want to be stingy," Dan Bobkoff writes. In other news of how technology is changing the world, Alexis Madrigal, a senior editor at The Atlantic, explores how new car technology is slowly acclimating us to the idea of driverless cars.
And your weekly gaming fix:Resident gamer Steve Mullis reviews Banished, which sounds like SimCity with a dash of Oregon Trail (read: people die). And Weekend Edition explores the wacky world of e-sports, competitive sports gaming, which is more and more mirroring the world of physical sports.
Big Conversations
Mystery Man: The elusive mystery man who invented Bitcoin, Satoshi Nakamoto, was supposedly unmasked by Newsweek as a man with the birth name Satoshi Nakamoto. After being tracked down by the media, the engineer denied any connections to the digital currency. Our Emily Siner explores why Dorian S. Nakamoto, a man living in Southern California who wound up the focus of a car chase on Thursday afternoon, may or may not be the man behind Bitcoin — and what to take away from the media coverage.
SXSW Starts: The interactive portion of the culture fest down in Austin starts this weekend, with privacy and online surveillance dominating the conversations. Julian Assange, Glenn Greenwald and Barton Gellman were already scheduled to appear — and this week, the festival announced former NSA contractor Edward Snowden, who still has temporary asylum in Russia, will speak to SXSW attendees by video conference on Monday.
British Journal of Photography: Getty Images makes 35 million images free in fight against copyright infringement
One of the world's largest stock photo agencies is making millions of its photos free to embed for noncommercial purposes. It's a controversial decision because it gives so much access at no charge, but Getty says it will have more control over how its photos are used.
New York Magazine: How to ruin your social life with dating apps
Writer Maureen O'Connor, who is on Tinder and Hinge, writes about the downside of the design of these dating apps, which allow for high-volume browsing.
Bloomberg: Commercial Drone Pilots Cheer Judge Finding Against FAA
A judge dismissed a case by the Federal Aviation Administration against a man who faced a $10,000 fine for using a drone to film a promotional video at the University of Virginia. The FAA is appealing the decision.
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.