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You've finally decided to paint your kids' bedrooms. Not only that, but you're going to do it yourself. Congratulations. Or your rooftop gutters have become so filled with leaves that the only place for overflow rainwater to go is down the sides of your house and seep into the foundation, and you've decided to install a gutter protection system. And you're going to do that yourself.
These may be great choices. DIY projects are self-affirming and self-empowering, and often provide real opportunities for personal growth and development. There may be substantial cost savings, or you just want to reconnect with your high school self who loved shop class. Regardless of the numerous possible motivations, the most important consideration in any home improvement project is safety.
Aside from basic rules such as using protective goggles and always having a buddy supporting and stabilizing the ladder you're up on, safety around the home often depends on your own level of physical fitness. For example, if you're relatively out-of-shape, it's easy to strain a neck, shoulder, or lower back muscle when you're trying to apply paint evenly to a corner of the ceiling. Similarly, if you haven't done any vigorous exercise on a consistent basis in a while, do-it-yourself activities such as changing your car battery or even mowing your lawn can cause a lower back injury or even a twisted ankle or knee.
Doing regular vigorous exercise provides many benefits In addition to preparing you for real physical work. Also, supporting your exercise and physical work is a specialized system of nerve endings known as proprioceptors.1 These nerve cells play a significant role in whether physical activity is done easily and well or, instead, results in an injury. Stated succinctly, proprioceptors tell your brain about your body's position in three-dimensional space. For example, if you're bending over to pick up two one-gallon cans of paint, your brain needs to know that you're ankles are bent at 20 degrees, your knees are bent at 80 degrees, and your hips are bent at 70 degrees. If this information isn't transmitted accurately or isn't received fairly instantaneously, you may suffer a lower back injury even though the paint cans themselves only weigh 8 pounds each.
Proprioception becomes a critical system any time you go up on a ladder.2 Maintaining your balance depends on a moment-by-moment, two-directional stream of information between your brain and your bones, joints, muscles, and ligaments. Your nerve system and your musculoskeletal system do all the calculations required to enable you to work safely from the top step of your ladder. But if your proprioception system hasn't been optimally trained in a while and is, in a sense, out of shape, your balance and overall safety are at risk. Bad things can happen.
From all points of view, including that of safety in the home, it's important to maintain your proprioception system in peak condition. You can easily do this by engaging in regular strength-building activities such as strength training and yoga and regular aerobic activities such as running, walking, swimming, and biking.3 Proprioceptor training is built-in to all forms of vigorous exercise. Safely and successfully completing your home improvement projects is one of the many benefits.
1Judkins TN, Scheidt RA: Visuo-proprioceptive interactions during adaptation of the human reach. J Neurophysiol 2013 Nov 20 [Epub ahead of print]
2Suetterlin KJ, Sayer AA: Proprioception: where are we now? A commentary on clinical assessment, changes across the life course, functional implications and future interventions. Age Aging 2013 Nov 14 [Epub ahead of print]
3Maitre J, et al: Chronic physical activity preserves efficiency of proprioception in postural control in older women. J Rehabil Res Dev 50(6):811-820, 2013


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Feel the love and protection of your Guardian Angel with this small round necklace. It's the perfect size to wear with multiple devotional medals or add to your favorite charm bracelet.
Here are the answers to the questions we get every single day.
All the catholic jewelry sold on our site will be sized including the loop at the top of the medal.
When shopping for jewelry, consider personal preferences and body size. The taller the person the larger the pendant they can wear without seeming out of proportion.
So how do you know what size to pick when purchasing a pendant online? See below for a quick guide
CHARM SIZE: Babies, Children, and Small Charms
These are tiny pendants and are an excellent choice for small children or those looking to add a charm size devotional to an existing pendant. These medals are typically no larger than your pinky nail or US coin dime size.
Common pendant heights include 3/8 inch, ½ inch, and ¼ inch height.
SMALL TO MEDIUM SIZE: Women and Teens
The majority of pendants fall into the small to medium size range and are most commonly worn by women, older adolescents, and teen girls.
For small pendants, think of a pendant that is a bit smaller than a dime. Common pendant heights include 9/16th and 5/8 inch height.
A medium sized medal is preferred by most women, youth boys and teen girls. Common sizes include 11/16 inch, 13/16 inch, 3/4 inch and 7/8 inch heights. These pendants are very close in size to a US nickel coin.
LARGE: Men (and women that prefer larger jewelry)
If the pendant is one inch or more in height it is considered large enough for a man to wear. The larger/taller the man, the larger he may prefer to wear his jewelry, so be sure to get out a ruler if you are unsure.
Where do you prefer to wear your devotional jewelry? On display for everyone to see or tucked into your shirt, closer to your heart? There is no right or wrong way to wear your crucifix or miraculous jewelry, what makes you feel comfortable is the right choice.
Our necklaces are displayed in total length in inches. The shorter the length the higher up on our chest the pendant will sit.
Children and youth: A 16-inch chain is appropriate to wear for a first communion age child. If younger, consider a 13 inch.
Women: If you like your pendant to sit just below your neck and visible with most tops, select an 18-inch chain. If you are a woman and prefer a longer chain that will not be visible with most tops, choose a 20 inch or longer. Please note, the taller or larger your body type, the longer your chain to fit around your neck.
Teen Boys: Many teens wear a shorter chain for two reasons, they are a bit smaller in size or they want to make sure the pendant is visible to others. Teen boys do well with 18 inches (very high up, close to the neck), 20 inches (below the collarbone) and 24 inches (by the breastbone).
Men: Many Catholic men will choose to wear a Miraculous medal or a crucifix tucked inside their shirt and to have it rest between their color bone, near to their heart. For this look, we suggest a 24-inch chain or longer. Most men will be able to put a 24-inch chain over their head (if you are a larger man, you may need to consider a slightly longer chain).
27-inch to 30-inch necklace is extra-long and many larger men prefer these lengths for their devotional jewelry so they can easily put them over their heads without having to open and close a clasp.
For the perfect fit, take a moment a measure the circumference of your neck, especially if you intend to purchase a shorter choker length (16" or less). With a soft tape measure, wrap the tape measure around your neck, note the measurement and then add two inches to that. This is the shortest chain option you should consider, and it will be above the collarbone.
Consider Your Pendant Size
Balance is important when selecting a chain length. A small pendant will look odd with a long bulky chain and a large pendant should be worn with a chain heavy enough to maintain the pendant and chain without breaking.
For more detailed explanation on choosing the correct length take a look at Necklace Length Guide
Sterling Silver Chain
Our sterling silver chains are genuine .925 sterling silver chains. A .925 stamp guarantees that the chains are 92.5% pure silver mixed with 7.5% copper. Copper is added to strengthen the metal as silver itself is too soft for jewelry. Adding a bit of copper creates a durable material without compromising the color.
Added bonus! Our sterling silver chains are tarnish-resistant because they include a very thin top layer of rhodium. Rhodium is a very precious metal (more so than gold) and a few microns of this material is added to coat the sterling silver chains so that they look lustrous and will not tarnish.
**NEVER CLEAN YOUR STERLING SILVER WITH CAUSTIC SUBSTANCES. Only use mild dish soap for cleaning.
Rhodium Plated Chain
A rhodium Plated chain is a perfect match for your sterling silver pendant. Our brass chains are layered in a thin coating of Rhodium (just a few microns) and are transformed into a lustrous silver-tone with tarnish resistant properties. This is a great option for your pendant as it keeps costs down without compromising on quality.
** NEVER CLEAN YOUR RHODIUM PLATED CHAINS WITH CAUSTIC SUBSTANCES. Only use mild dish soap for cleaning.
Gold Plated Chain
A Gold-plated chain has the look of gold with value pricing. The chain's base metal (typically brass, copper or other metals) is coated with a very thin layer of gold by using an electrochemical process.
Please note, over time, a gold-plated chain may wear off as it comes in contact with a person's skin or pollutants.
Gold Filled Chain
Although more expensive, a gold-filled chain wears just like gold and will not wear off.
Solid gold is bonded to a base metal chain. The heat and pressure of the bonding process fuse the base metal to the gold for a lasting combination.
Gold-filled chains are stamped with their gold percentage. Our gold-filled chains are 14KT gold-filled, or 10KT or 12KT.
14 karat Gold-filled jewelry looks just like 14 karat solid gold jewelry, but it is a fraction of the cost.
With 14 karat gold jewelry being so expensive many of us are opting for the gold-filled versions of our favorite devotional jewelry. (don't confuse gold filled with gold plated as they are very different)
In simple terms, a gold-filled piece of jewelry has a thick layer of gold on the back and the front of the pendant. The two 14 karat gold layers are bonded together over a base metal. A gold-filled pendant will use less gold, so it costs less but looks just as good.
When you purchase a gold-filled pendant from the Catholic Faith Store, here's what you can expect;
It looks like gold, it wears like gold and that is because the outer layer is 14K (or 12KT) gold!
For more detailed information on 14K gold, gold-filled and gold-plated, take a look at What's the Difference Between 14KT, Gold-Filled, and Gold Plated?
Rhodium is a very precious metal that can cost much more than gold and platinum!
By itself rhodium is generally not considered a feasible material to make jewelry from, because it is stressed & brittle, and very difficult to "work" properly for jewelry making. But Rhodium is fabulous as a plating for jewelry because it is glitteringly, dazzlingly, white and mirror-like. It's like chrome, but much whiter, and one of the most reflective of metals there is.
The majority of our silver colored chains (brass and sterling silver) are plated with rhodium to give them a protective layer that matches with the jewelry, and is very hypoallergenic.
Our 'high shine' jewelry pendants and charms are typically plated with a thick layer of rhodium to get that mirror-like finish that can't be achieved with sterling silver alone.
Sterling Silver History
Experts believe that silver alloy, used today as sterling silver, originated in continental Europe in the 12th century. Pure silver was found to be a soft and easily damageable material. When combined with other metals, most commonly cooper, it produced a tougher material that could be heavily relied on. Throughout the next few centuries, Sterling Silver was used as currency and for household items. It was often used as silverware and became the material used in a proper table setting between 1840 and 1940 throughout the United States and Europe. Because of this popularity, silver companies began to grow. During this craze, companies began to experiment using Sterling Silver compositions in jewelry, as it was a material that was easy to mold into intricate designs and gave a luxurious look with its metallic finish.
Sterling Silver Composition
While pure silver can be combined with many different types of metals, Sterling Silver is created when combining pure silver with copper. Sterling Silver jewelry can be composed with different amounts of copper but is most often seen with the .925 stamp, meaning that the composition is of 92.5 percent silver and 7.5 percent copper. This has been found to be a good combination for maintaining the silver's durability without harming its sparkle.
Sterling Silver Cleaning Instructions
Other things to remember: When not wearing your sterling silver jewelry, keep it in an air-tight container or zip lock bag. Avoid household clean products getting in contact with the jewelry. And take off your jewelry when you swim, shower or are washing dishes.
For a more detailed explanation see 5 Easy-To-Follow Steps for Cleaning Your Sterling Silver Jewelry
Shop with confidence. We are open. Most items are in stock and ready to ship.

subset: commoncrawl


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Careers with SERVPRO of Belmont / San Carlos
Current Open Positions
Below are the current careers SERVPRO of Belmont / San Carlos has available at this time.
What to do
If you would like to apply to any of the open positions, please send your resume to email@example.com.
Primary Role: Perform services as assigned, following SERVPRO production guidelines. Communicate with the customer to make sure that all needs are met. Support crew chief and other production personnel as needed. Clean and maintain vehicles, equipment, warehouse and office areas as needed.
Results Expected: Production processes are performed according to guidelines and work orders. Communications to crew chief and customer are timely. Jobs are completed at or beyond customer expectations. Vehicles, equipment, and facilities remain clean, orderly, and working properly.
We are an Equal Opportunity Employer. This company does not and will not discriminate in employment and personnel practices on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, disability, age, national origin, veteran status or any other characteristic protected by law.


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Fabric: Cotton
Pattern: Plain
Collar Type: Lapel
Clothes Placket: Pullover
Sleeve Type: Regular
Subdivision Style: American Casual
Basic Style: Other
Sleeve Length: Long Sleeve
Thickness: Regular
Applicable Scene: Leisure
Clothes Length: Regular
Style: Sweatshirt
Product Size:
PleaseNote:There may be 1-2 cm deviation in different sizes, locations and stretch of fabrics.
Promise:If the product has any quality problems, please feel free to contact us, we will help you solve the problem as quickly as possible.
Machine wash gently at 30°C with similar coloured garments.
Do not use bleach or softener.
Do not iron or dry.
Dry as much as possible.
1.Click to enter product details.
2.Scroll down to the size selection section, then you can choose the right size according to the size chart!
3.In general, the size of the clothes is divided into S, M, L or according to the waist classification for 32.34.36, etc., you can choose the right size according to the specific value.
4.If you still have difficulty in determining the right size for you, the following is the right size according to our customers' feedback on their own weight, you can refer to it.
SIZE-type1 | 30 | 32 | 34 | 36 | 38 | 40 | 42 | 44 |
SIZE-type2 | S | M | L | XL | 2XL | 3XL | 4XL | 5XL |
5.How to measure the size?
- Shoulder Width
Use The Dividing Point Between The Shoulder And The Arm As The Node, And Measure From The Outer End Of The Left Bone Of The Back To The Outer End Of The Right Bone (Passing Through The Base Of The Back Of The Neck, Making A Slight Arc). It Is More Convenient To Wear A Fitted Shirt Or Suit.
- Sleeve Length
The arm hangs down naturally, measure from the outer end of the shoulder bone to the parallel position of the tiger's mouth of the arm, and keep the tape measure vertically downward along the arm.
- Bust
In a normal breathing state, the arms hang down naturally, and the tape measure goes around the highest point of the chest and passes through the armpit parallel to the ground, so that it is tight and does not constrict the flesh.
- Clothes Length
Stand up straight with normal breathing and keep your arms hanging naturally. Starting from the junction of the shoulders and the base of the neck, pass vertically downward through the highest point of the chest, and measure to the same horizontal line as the thumb's mouth.
- Pants length:
Measure vertically from the thinnest point of the waist (at the level of the navel) to the length of each variety or the required length.
- Lower length:
measure from the inside of the leg at the level of the heel of the leg, and measure down to the end of the trouser length.
- 3.Rise length:
Measure from the thinnest point of the waist to the root of the thigh.
- 4.Waist circumference:
Measure around the waist at the level of the navel, and increase the degree of relaxation according to the variety. (If you don't wear it next to your body, add 2-4 cm if you wear warm pants.)
- 5.Hip circumference:
Measure around the fullest part of the hip for a week, and increase the degree of relaxation according to the variety. (Ordinary trousers add 8-12 cm, fit straight trousers add 6-8 cm, jeans add 4-6 cm).
- 6.Cross crotch:
measure around the base of the thigh for a week, and increase the degree of relaxation according to the variety. (Add the same hip circumference)
- 7.Trouser opening:
measure around the ankle and double the size.
1.How long does it take to ship?
Once we received your order. The item will be processed within 3-10days from the day you made your order, and after that, it may take 7-15 business days to be delivered normally.
2.How do I choose my size?
Each product has a corresponding size chart, you can choose the right size according to the size chart
Each product detail is accompanied by a corresponding Size Guide (How to check the Size Guide--👉Click in) you can choose the right size according to the size chart!
If you still have questions about sizing, please contact our online customer service.
3. About the material
At the bottom of each product detail page there will be a product description which contains the product fabric and material. If you would like to know more about materials and product care, click the link to learn more! 👉Click in
4. What payment methods do you support?
As for payment methods, Paypal, Visa, Maestro, MasterCard, and American Express are all acceptable.
5. What is your location?
We are located in Hong Kong. All the items will be shipped out from it.
6. Is your website trustworthy? What countries does the logistics deliver to?
We understand your concern and can assure you of lawful operation of our company.
We provide qualified products and attentive service.We provide worldwide shipping on a global scale including America, Europe, Australia, Africa, etc. You will get what you buy.
If you are interested in our products, please visit our website to place the order.
If there is any further question, please feel free to contact us.
7.Does your company have a local store?
We are sorry for the inconvenience, but we solely sell online. If you are interested in our products, please view our website: XXXX. You can directly choose items and place orders there.
8.Is there a quality issue with the relatively low pricing of the products on your site?
Whatever the item is cheap or expensive, the most important thing is that you like it. Also we need to tell you, there might be some difference between the expensive items and the cheap items in every aspects, there are some cheap items in our websites but also have a good quality .
So please believe in us and in our product. Thanks.
9.There are some bad messages on your site, are these real?
We are sorry to hear that. Even if you saw some bad reviews about our websites, it doesn't rule out that someone is doing it on purpose. And everything has two sides, as the saying goes "Ten thousand people have ten thousand different views on Hamlet." You can have a try by yourself.
Also, we guarantee the good quality of our products. Please contact us if you have received damaged product. It will be solved timely till your satisfaction.
10.With regard to tariffs, who pays the tariffs?
We usually mark the parcel as'gift' with estimated value of $10, so you might not need to pay the customs duties. But, it also depends on the customs rules of your country. Please note that customers are responsible for paying the tax their countries charge.
Sell Out ? What If The Item I'm Interested In Is No Longer Available In My Size ?
New items can be sold out rather quickly, but we may get more soon!Please contact our customer care department via New items can be sold out
rather quickly, but we may get more soon!
Please contact our customer care department via email and we will do our best to notify you if the item becomes available again. Please include the
best email address for reaching you when the item becomes available.
What Should Do If The Size On The Tag Is Different From What I Ordered ?
The size show on the website will be converted into international size before products are put on sale, which is standard and regular. Therefore, if
you find that the size you get is not the same as shown on the website, don't panic and worry. That size we sent you is right. Put them on first and see how it turns out. If they don't fit you well, you could return them definitely. (Please check our return policy)
Why The Color Of Received Clothing Is A Little Different From What I Saw Online ?
The camera's perspective and the extent of lighting may cause a little color difference. Hope you could understand us. If it does not affect the
appearance and mood about your favorite clothing, we hope you can keep clothing. We will give you promotion code as the compensation for the future purchase. However, we will try our best to avoid the matter happens.
How Do I Use A Discount Code ?
If you have a discount coupon, when you go to "check out" page, you may find an option where you need to input the number, that's how you use it.
Why Was My Order Canceled ?
Due to an unforeseen event, the item you ordered suddenly became out of stock and is no longer available. We promise these cases are rare. However, if an item in your order does become unavailable, you will be contacted within 24 to 48 hours about the cancellation. If your order contains additional items, these items will still be shipped to you and the unavailable item will be removed from your order for refund.
Need To Change Something On My Order, How Can I Do That ?
If you need to change or cancel your order, please contact us immediately. We process and ship orders quickly (we're fast!). Once the parcel was processed and sent to the post office, we will be unable to make any changes.
Can I Get More Information On A Product ?
We try to publish as much useful info as we can about all our products, to help you buy the things that will suit you best.
The product page for every item includes sizing, a detailed description, care instructions, and most importantly, plenty of images.
If there is anything further information you feel we need to put on there to help you, just let us know what information you'd like to see and we'll do our best to include it.
Any Catalogues That I Can Buy From ?
With over so many new items every week, and hundreds of items on the site at any one time, plus constantly changing fashion news, trend features and advice, it would simply be impossible for a paper catalogue to keep up.
Instead we prefer to focus our energy on providing our customers with a website where you can buy what you want when you want, 24 hours, 7 days a week and we believe that the images and catwalk give you a much more realistic view of the items you want.
How Do I Pay For My Order ?
We like to give you plenty of payment options: we accept Visa, MasterCard credit card as our secure payment method which accepts all kinds of credit or debit cards. We also take security very seriously indeed, so your details will be safe with us.
All credit and debit card holders are subject to validation and authorization by both us and the card issuer, to maintain security and prevent fraud.
What Currencies Can I Use ?
There are several currencies available as follows: US dollar, EURO, Great Britain Pound Sterling,Canada Dollar, Australia Dollar, Norwegian Krone, Switzerland Francs, Swedish Krona, Polish Zloty, Danish Krona, Japanese Yen, Hong Kong Dollar.
Is It Safe To Use My Credit Card On The Website ?
Please don't worry; it is safe to order on our website.
We use industry-standard encryption technologies when transferring and receiving customer data exchanged with our site server. None of your credit-card details will be revealed.
During checkout, when you enter your credit card & personal information at our online store, you are passing the information securely to us, using secure socket layer technology (SSL).Welcome to choose your favorite items on our website.
Why Might My Credit Card Be Refused ?
Your credit card may be refused for any of the following reasons:
The card may have expired. Check that your card is still valid.
You may have reached your credit limit. Contact your bank to check that you have not exceeded the authorized purchase limit.
You may have entered some information incorrectly. Check that you have filled in all the required fields correctly.
Make sure you're using the latest version of your web browser. Maybe because your browser is installed some kinds of plug-ins. Please clear the cookies restart the browser and then try again.
Was I Charged Twice ?
Your credit card will only be charged once after your order ships.
If you just placed your order, what you are seeing on your bank account is an authorization. This is a common bank practice handling credit card transactions to ensure sufficient funds and account authenticity. This authorization will clear (depending on your bank, usually within 48 – 72 hours.) If you need help speeding up the process, you can contact the issuing bank of your credit card.


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While home consists of what's under your roof, don't forget what's under your feet. Floor coverings have a huge influence on your home and home life. They impact interior beauty, design, décor, comfort, livability and upkeep, thus floor coverings can make, or break, a home.
Speaking of make, in this section we explain how area rugs are made. This information can be very advantageous because it enables you to understand the product's materials and how they come together in the beginning.
Being familiar with area rug construction also helps you understand and evaluate performance aspects: why certain rugs wear better and longer.
Plus, understanding how area rugs are created help you better determine rug value and keep you inside the borders of your budget.
Modern technology enables area rugs to be mass-produced in a wide spectrum of design, color and sizes, but there are differences between machine made and handmade rugs. Differences you should be aware of.
Machine made rugs are less expensive and are not considered to be investments.
With factory made rugs you'll have flexibility and variety; you can find the same design, or one close to it, in different sizes and different colors from different manufacturers.
Woven rugs are created on automated weaving looms in which multiple colors of yarn are sewn into a backing material. The rugs' elaborate designs are created by the placement of the different colors of yarn.
Handmade (also called hand knotted) rugs are custom made, one-of-a-kind designs that incorporate creative (often brilliant) uses of color.
With handmade rugs, even if the overall same pattern is created, there will still be unique details and intricacies due to the village, city or country of the creator.
Plus, handmade rugs are often created with natural dyes that provide longevity to the colors. These rugs offer you built-in lasting power.
Handmade rugs are investments (often very valuable investments) that last a lifetime and then some.
Many become precious, revered heirlooms, passed down with pride and honor from one generation to the next.
All reasons why we created this next section, devoted to the creation of handmade, hand knotted rugs.
Weave refers to the technique used in making handmade rugs.
There are three major techniques: pile weave, flat weave and hand-tufted.
Pile weave or knotted weave refers to the method of weaving used in most rugs.
In this technique the rug is woven by a creation of knots.
A short piece of yarn is tied around two neighboring warp strands creating a knot on the surface of the rug.
After each row of knots is created, one or more strands of weft are passed through a complete set of warp strands.
Then the knots and the weft strands are beaten with a comb securing the knots in place.
Even though all pile rugs are woven with knots, different weaving groups use different types of knots.
The weaving process begins at the bottom of the loom and moves upward as the horizontal rows of knots and wefts are added.
Every single knot is tied by hand. A rug can consist of 25 to over 1000 knots per square inch.
A skillful weaver is able to tie a knot in about ten seconds, meaning 6 knots per minute or 360 knots per hour.
That means it would take a skillful weaver 6,480 hours to weave a 9x12-foot rug with a density of 150 knots per square inch.
If we divide this number by 8-hour working days, it means it would take one weaver 810 days (approximately two and a half years) to weave such a rug.
However, a rug as large as a 9x12 is usually woven in a workshop or master workshop setting by two or three weavers, so the above time can be reduced by half or third.
But can you imagine the time and labor if the knot density is even higher!
Handmade rugs are beautiful, functional and exceptional works of art created with great patience. And deep pride.
Flat weave refers to a technique of weaving where no knots are used in the weave.
The warp strands are used as the foundation and the weft strands are used as both part of the foundation and in creating the patterns.
The weft strands are simply passed (woven) through the warp strands.
These weavings are called flat weaves since no knots are used in the weaving process and the surface looks flat.
These rugs have a special beauty, quality and personality all
their own.
Search for one that matches yours.
A hand-tufted rug is created without tying knots into the foundation, but rather by pushing wool or acrylic yarn through a primary backing, creating a "tuft".
Then, using a latex glue to hold the tufts in place, a rug maker will apply a secondary foundation, or "scrim", which is then covered by a third and final cloth backing to protect your floor. Proof that satisfying customers is global.
The final step involves shearing the tops of the looped tufts to create the pile.
The height of the pile is determined by how much yarn is cut off, and how far the initial loop was pushed up.
Hand-tufted rug makers use a tool called a "tufting gun" which holds the yarn to push through the primary backing that is stretched in place on a frame.
This method of rug making is less time consuming than hand-tying each knot, but still requires a high level of craftsmanship to efficiently and accurately portray the intricate designs.
The design is determined by transferring a pattern onto the primary foundation, this acts as a template showing the craftsman where to push through each colored tuft.
Hand-tufted rugs can be made faster than hand-knotted rugs, therefore they are generally less expensive than their hand-knotted counterparts.
The tufting method creates a highly durable and beautifully accurate handmade rug that will weather foot traffic for years to come.
If traffic is a concern of yours, this may be your weave of choice.
Most handmade rugs are woven by tying knots on the warp strands.
The type of knot used in weaving and the knot density are discussed next.
The two predominant types of knots are asymmetrical and symmetrical.
The asymmetrical knot is used in Iran, India, Turkey, Egypt and China.
To form this knot, yarn is wrapped around one warp strand and then passed under the neighboring warp strand and brought back to the surface.
With this type of knot a finer weave is created.
The symmetrical knot is used in Turkey, the Caucasus and Iran by Turkish and Kurdish tribes.
To form this knot, yarn is passed over two neighboring warp strands.
Each end of the yarn is then wrapped behind one warp and brought back to the surface in the middle of the two warps, forming a beautiful symmetry.
If your decorating style is equal, even and matched, this is your knot.
Knot density refers to the number of knots per square inchor square decimeter in a handmade rug.
Knot density is measured in the imperial system in square inches and in the metric system in square decimeters.
Every decimeter is equal to 10 centimeters and approximately 4 inches.
Knot density is measured by counting the number of knots per linear inch or decimeter along the warp and weft (visible on the backside of the rug) and multiplying the two numbers.
Since the two numbers are usually the same, one number can simply be squared.
KPSI, (knots per square inch), is sometimes used to indicate value.
The higher the number of knots per square inch, the higher the quality, and thus the price, of the rug.
The process of changing the natural color of materials such as wool, silk and cotton is called dyeing.
There are two types of dyes: natural dyes and synthetic dyes.
Until the late nineteenth century only natural dyes were used for coloring weaving yarns.
Natural dyes include plant dyes, animal dyes and mineral dyes.
Plant dyes come from roots, flowers, leaves, fruit, and the bark of plants.
Woad, a plant of the mustard family, and indigo, a bush from the pea family, are used for blue dye.
Yellow is produced from saffron, safflower, sumac, turmeric, onionskin, rhubarb, weld, and fustic.
Madder has been used since ancient times for reds. Redwood and Brazilwood are also used for reds.
Browns and blacks come from catechu dye, oak bark, oak galls, acorn husks, tea, and walnut husks.
Henna is used for orange.
For green, indigo, over-dyed with any of a variety of yellow dyes, is used.
Some animal sources of dyes include insects such as Cochineal, found on cacti in Mexico; Lac, a wild version of Cochineal, found in India and Iran; and Kermes, found on Oak trees near the Mediterranean.
All three produce a range of reds. Kermes was used in Europe, and Lac in Egypt and Persia until Cochineal, the cheapest of all three, gradually took their place.
Kermes, the most ancient of all three, has been used even before the 16th century.
Mineral dyes come from ocher (yellow, brown, red), limestone or lime (white), manganese (black), cinnabar and lead oxide (red), azurite and lapis lazuli (blue), and malachite (green).
Dyers are able to get a variety of colors and shades from the same source depending on the type of material used, the characteristic of local water, and the use of different mordants.
Today, natural dyes are still used in some traditional dye-houses and villages where natural sources are readily accessible.
In the mid-nineteenth century, as the demand for handmade rugs increased in the West, their production increased in the East.
The need for easy-to-use and less expensive dyes with a wider range of colors caused the development of synthetic dyes in Europe and especially in Germany.
Synthetic dyes were soon imported to Persia (Iran), Anatolia (Turkey) and other Eastern countries.
The first synthetic dye, Fuchsine (a magenta aniline), was developed in the 1850s.
Shortly after, other synthetic aniline dyes followed. Synthetic aniline dyes made from coal tar were brilliant, inexpensive, and easy to use; however, they faded rapidly with exposure to light and water.
In 1903 Nasser-e-Din Shah, the Persian king of Qajar Dynasty, banned the use of aniline dyes in Persia (Iran).
Persian weavers discontinued the use of synthetic dyes until the modern synthetic chrome dyes were developed in the years between the First and Second World Wars.
Chrome dyes are colorfast, they retain their intensity despite exposure to light and water, and are produced in an infinite variety of attractive colors and shades.
Today, mostly chrome synthetic dyes are used for coloring weaving yarns.
Natural dyes are used in places where they are easily obtainable.
But one thing is certain. If you buy an area rug made from natural or synthetic dyes, you can be confident that it will only improve with time.
In fact, even rugs made with aniline dyes in the late 19th century are valuable today simply because of their age.
We hope that the information we've featured here leads you to a better understanding of how this beautiful and versatile product is created, and helps you be a better, smarter, more educated shopper.


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Priced Per Piece
Material: 14KT Gold (Yellow Gold)
Bar Thickness: 16ga(1.2mm)
Bar Diameters Available: 5/16"(8mm), 3/8"(10mm)
White CZ Gems
White Opal Center
Easy Hinged Click
Have Questions? Ask An Expert
We ship all orders within 24 hours of the order being placed Monday to Thursday. If your order was placed Friday to Sunday, your order will ship on Monday
Orders over $50 qualify for FREE Express Canada Post shipping. Your order will come with a tracking #.
Please note that the free shipping amount is $50 before any taxes.


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Trudon ODALISQUE Diffuser
Couldn't load pickup availability
ODALISQUE | Wrapped in citrus and wood barks, the orange blossom weaves a painter's dream from which escapes the pale curl of smoke from a narghile. Like an orientalist painting, furiously romantic, the vigorous scent of the wild juniper and the solar splinter of citrus fruits spring out like a thin steel blade in silky shadow of vanilla.
Fragrance Notes:
Head Notes: Lemon, Orange.
Heart Notes: Orange Blossom.
Base Notes: Vanilla, Wild Juniper.
- Made in France
- 350ml
- The diffuser will last approximately 3-4 months
Fragrance NotesJuniper Berry, Vanilla, and Orange Blossom,
StyleSoft Floral
If you have specific questions about the product, contact our customer concierge to talk with an expert.
Why shop with us?
ZGO is a small business based in San Francisco owned and staffed by people passionate about fragrances.
We pride ourselves on service and integrity. We're an official stockist with all our brands and sell only authentic products.
We love helping people find their perfect fragrance. When you message or call us, you get to speak with a passionate staff member or one of the owners based in San Francisco.
Free samples
How do I earn free samples?
We offer free samples to encourage our customers to try and discover new fragrances.
Every $100 of product in your cart earns you a credit for a free sample.
The free sample credits need to be redeemed within the same order. Unfortunately they can't be saved for a future order.
We don't automatically choose samples for you. Select the samples you like by going to fragrances and adding the sample size to cart. The credits will then apply automatically.
Delivery and Returns
When will I receive my order?
Products ship within 2 to 3 business days.
2-day and next-day delivery are available.
How much is delivery?
$8.95 flat rate.
If you spend $100 or more, then delivery is free.
2-day and next-day delivery rates vary. At checkout you can have the rates calculated based on your
What is your return policy?
Purchases must be returned within 30 days of purchase date.
Whether or not you can return a purchase depends on its condition.
Unopened: full refund minus the return shipping fee.
Opened and unused: 50% refund minus the return shipping fee.
Opened and used: cannot be returned.
We do not resell opened products.
We carefully package orders, but in the unfortunate event that you open your purchase and discover it to be broken, we will replace it.
In compliance with health codes, tea products cannot be returned.


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The Cost of Procrastination
Some of us share a common experience. You're driving along when a police cruiser pulls up behind you with its lights flashing. You pull over, the officer gets out, and your heart drops.
"Are you aware the registration on your car has expired?"
You've experienced one of the costs of procrastination.
Procrastination can cause missed deadlines, missed opportunities, and just plain missing out."
Procrastination is avoiding a task that needs to be done—postponing until tomorrow what could be done today. Procrastinators can sabotage themselves. They often put obstacles in their own path. They may choose paths that hurt their performance.
Though Mark Twain famously quipped, "Never put off until tomorrow what you can do the day after tomorrow," we know that procrastination can be detrimental, both in our personal and professional lives. Problems with procrastination in the business world have led to a sizable industry in books, articles, workshops, videos, and other products created to deal with the issue. There are a number of theories about why people procrastinate, but whatever the psychology behind it, procrastination may cost money—particularly when investments and financial decisions are put off.
As the illustration below shows, putting off investing may put off potential returns.
If you have been meaning to get around to addressing some part of your financial future, maybe it's time to develop a strategy. Don't let procrastination keep you from pursuing your financial goals.
Early Bird
Let's look at the case of Cindy and Charlie, who each invest $100,000.
Charlie immediately begins depositing $10,000 a year in an account that earns a 6% rate of return. Then, after 10 years, he stops making deposits.
Cindy waits 10 years before getting started. She then starts to invest $10,000 a year for 10 years into an account that also earns a 6% rate of return.
Cindy and Charlie have both invested the same $100,000. However, Charlie's balance is higher at the end of 20 years because his account has more time for the investment returns to compound.
This is a hypothetical example of mathematical compounding. It's used for comparison purposes only and is not intended to represent the past or future performance of any investment. Taxes and investment costs were not considered in this example. The results are not a guarantee of performance or specific investment advice. The rate of return on investments will vary over time, particularly for long-term investments. Investments that offer the potential for high returns also carry a high degree of risk. Actual returns will fluctuate. The type of strategies illustrated may not be suitable for everyone.
The content is developed from sources believed to be providing accurate information. The information in this material is not intended as tax or legal advice. It may not be used for the purpose of avoiding any federal tax penalties. Please consult legal or tax professionals for specific information regarding your individual situation. This material was developed and produced by FMG Suite to provide information on a topic that may be of interest. FMG Suite is not affiliated with the named broker-dealer, state- or SEC-registered investment advisory firm. The opinions expressed and material provided are for general information, and should not be considered a solicitation for the purchase or sale of any security. Copyright FMG Suite.


text: This is an example of a page. Unlike posts, which are displayed on your blog's front page in the order they're published, pages are better suited for more timeless content that you want to be easily accessible, like your About or Contact information. Click the Edit link to make changes to this page or add another page.


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GUADELOUPE | Guadeloupe, Guadeloupe Travel Guide
Sunday, July 14, 2024
For seven months out of the year the island of Ibiza hibernates. If, for some reason, you want to see and experience the island as it must have been back in the late 1960s, just as the European hippies were beginning to arrive and the artist communes to thrive around Ibiza Town, this seven-month period from October to April, however, is the only window onto the past.
Bordeaux is an absolute paradise for shopaholics and wine aficionados. Easily one of France's most beautiful and interesting cities,... Read More


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Owning a dog provides companionship, loyalty and affection for people of all ages and is an invaluable addition to families and individuals.
However, it is important to find the breed of dog most suitable to your particular lifestyle and be aware of the responsibility that comes with dog ownership before you adopt or purchase a dog. As your vet, we are willing to discuss the many aspects of dog care, including breed-specific medical problems and routine health care such as vaccinations, flea, tick and mite control, desexing and worming that your future dog may need.
We strongly recommend that you insure your new dog. Please see our information sheet on insurance for more about this topic.
Suitable bedding such as washable rugs, cushions or blankets need to be provided in a weatherproof kennel or indoors.
A secure area such as a dog-proof yard is essential. Your dog should never be left unsupervised when tethered.
All dogs need daily exercise and mental stimulation to help avoid behavioural and health problems. Dogs view their human owners as being part of their pack and can develop behavioural issues if they feel neglected or excluded. It is also vitally important that dogs are socialised with people and other dogs from an early age in order to learn appropriate interactive behaviours.
All pets require a minimum of one health check a year. On average, dogs age five to eight times faster than humans, allowing major health changes to develop in a relatively short amount of time. The risk of cancer, diabetes, obesity, arthritis, heart disease and other serious conditions all increase with age. Regular vists to our clinic helps us diagnose, treat or even prevent health problems before they become life-threatening. Routine vaccinations and parasite control for fleas, ticks, mites, heartworm and intestinal worms are also recommended. A visit to us is also a good opportunity to ask about nutrition, behaviour, and other issues.
Nutrition is an important part of your dog's care. A healthy and balanced diet is essential. This will provide protein to build the body; fats for skin and coat health; carbohydrates for energy; and minerals and vitamins for good bone development and healthy tissues.
It is essential to keep your dog's teeth clean. A regular dental homecare routine will minimise tartar build-up on your pet's teeth. Never give your dog cooked bones, as these can be brittle and easily splinter, causing harm to your dog.
Fresh water must always be available for your dog. Bowls should be kept clean and placed in the shade.
Grooming and brushing is essential, particularly for long-haired breeds. This helps remove dust, dead skin, loose hairs, grass seeds, and tangles and it also assists to shorten the coat moult, which occurs seasonally. Dirty or smelly dogs should be bathed. However, keep in mind that frequent shampooing can strip the natural oils from the coat and cause skin dryness and irritation.
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I've worked in hotels for more than a decade. I've checked you in, checked you out, oriented you to the property, served you a beverage, separated your white panties from the white bed sheets, parked your car, tasted your room service (before and, sadly, after), cleaned your toilet, denied you a late checkout, given you a wake-up call, eaten M&M's out of your minibar, laughed at your jokes, and taken your money. From New Orleans to New York, I've played by hotel rules and, in the process, learned every aspect of the industry. Due to the fact that I just don't care anymore, I will now offer easy and never-publicized tips and tricks.
Want a late checkout? An upgrade? Guess what! There are simple ways (and most of them are legal!) to get what you need from a hotel without any hassle whatsoever. But first, let me warn you about a few things that drive hotel staffers crazy.
Things a guest should never say
"My credit card declined? That's impossible. Run it again."
Man, don't make me run it again. If your CC declines once, it will, without question, decline again. Your card is not a crumpled old dollar, and the banking system is not a stubborn vending machine. That's not how the banking system works. You need to call your bank. And, no, you can't use my phone.
"They told me I should ask for an upgrade."
Who the f—- is they? Oh, they. Well, they told me to remind you to tip the doorman.
"Don't you remember me?"
Let me think about this…average of 500 guest interactions a day…it's been two years since you stayed with us. So that's a clean quarter of a million separate interactions since your last stay. Wait…Wait! No. No, I don't remember you.
Things a guest should never do
Do not continue your phone conversation during the entire check-in.
Can you imagine how it feels, as a human, to be part of someone else's effort to multitask? While you say to the phone, "Uh-huh. Yeah. Yeah, well, I told her they wouldn't go for it. I know these people," I get the lift of an eyebrow, side glances, brief and uninterested head nods thrown in my direction indicating your main focus remains on your call, perhaps a moment where you hold the phone slightly away from your ear to benevolently allow me 5 percent of your attention. That call will end in five minutes. But because you treated me like an automatic check-in machine, this room I'm giving you will plague your whole stay.
Do not snap the credit card down on my desk.
You know this one, where you press the card down with your thumb and use your index finger to bend the front corner of the card up and then release it so it snaps authoritatively and loudly on my desk? You just made me hate you!
Do not hold out your hand for the change you're waiting on.
You know, when I am still counting it out but your hand is there, in front of me, floating in the air, waiting while I count, empty, implying impatience, and uselessly reasserting the fact that the money I am counting belongs to you. Relax, buddy. It's coming. You look like a 5-year-old with your hand out like that.
Do not threaten a front desk agent—ever.
I have taken rooms from people who were even pre-registered into a gorgeous room just because their attitude was off. They never even knew they were originally set to see Central Park in one of the corner rooms with the big bathroom. I took it from them just because they yelled at their wives or manhandled their wives' elbows in a way I didn't appreciate. At the front desk, I am a god of instant karma, and one of my other weapons is the "key bomb": When I check you in, I program a single "initial key," then start over and cut a second "initial key." Either one of them will work when you get to the room. Slide one in; you get the green light, and as long as you keep using the very first key you slipped in, all will be well. But chances are you'll pop in the second key at some point, and then the first key you used will be considered, as far as the dumb-ass lock is concerned, invalid. At some point after that, you will be locked outside your room, jamming your first key into the slot, fighting that damn red light.
I also happen to know the electronic curtains are not functioning in room 3217, and it gets loads of morning sun in there. Good luck sleeping in. If I put you in room 1212 in New York City, your phone will not stop ringing with wrong numbers. Why? Well, a surprising number of guests never seem to learn that you have to dial 9 to make an outside call. So all day and, believe me, all night, idiots dispersed throughout the building will pick up their phones and try to straight dial a local number, starting with 1-212. Whatever they press after that matters not because they have already dialed room 1212, and 1212's guest will constantly pick up the 3:00 a.m. call and hear the loud mashing of other numbers or some drunk guest saying, "Hello? Hello? Who is this?"
Things every guest must know
You never have to pay for using the minibar.
Minibar charges are, without question, the most disputed charges on any bill. Why? Because it's done by people. The traditional minibar, before they invented the sensored variety, is checked (maybe) once a day by a slow-moving gentleman or lady pushing a cartful of snacks. Keystroke errors, delays in restocking, double stocking, and hundreds of other missteps make minibar charges the most voided item. Even before guests can manage to get through half of the "I never had these items" sentence, I have already removed the charges.
You don't have to pay for the in-room movies either!
Here's how, in three easy steps: 1. Watch and enjoy any movie. 2. Call down and say you accidentally clicked on it. Or it cut off in the middle. Or it froze near the end. Or it never even started. Would you like them to restart the movie for you? No thanks. You need to go to bed/leave now. Just remove the charge, please. 3. Order another movie.
And you can easily avoid a same-day cancellation penalty.
This little move will not work with online prepaid reservations—only what we call "natural" reservations, booked through any channel as long as it's not prepaid. Call the property directly and ask for the front desk.
"Good evening, thank you for calling the front desk, my name is Doesn't Matter, how can I assist you?"
"Excuse me, are you the manager?"
If the person says yes, hang up and call back. What we want here is certainly not the manager.
"No, I am not. Would you like to speak to the manager?"
"No, actually, I just have a quick request. I think you can help me. Well, I was supposed to fly in late tonight, but my 12-year-old daughter is sick - "
Let me stop you right there, dear guest. Sure, you need a reason, but what you don't need is a 45-minute story. Try again.
"No, actually, I just have a quick request. I think you can help me. I've had a personal emergency and won't be able to check in tonight. However, I have already rescheduled my meeting for next week. Do you think you could just shift tonight's reservation to next Friday without a penalty?"
"Sure. Next Friday, the 24th, all set. Same confirmation number. See you then."
"Thank you."
Done. Now you have a reservation all set for next Friday! Why is that good? Well, tomorrow, whenever you get around to it, call the hotel back (this time no need to inquire about a manager), and just tell the front desk you want to cancel your reservation for next Friday, as you are well within your rights to do. No problem.
If you are going to complain, if you must complain, then, please, eat a mint.
Self-explanatory. You catch more bees with honey than with garbage. Well, bees love garbage. Damn. Whatever…just eat a mint.
I don't want to hear your tragic airline-delay story.
I don't. At all.
You should never feel comfortable enough to actually call us by the names on our name tags.
Gluing a name tag to anyone's chest makes him or her subordinate. Using it without permission implies that you are aware of this fact and, s—-, don't mind rudely pointing it out. To pick the name off a tag and use it, whatever your intention, makes employees acutely feel they have lost their personal worth, that they themselves are included in the price. Their mothers use that name on a birthday to ask, "Personal Name, did you get everything you wanted, baby?" What right do you have to use it? Just because you walked into the lobby? My advice is to ask for permission. "Jake…may I call you Jake?" Yes, you may. And thank you.
Finding your agent
What are we looking for in our agent? Someone who is efficient and not at all nervous, almost bored. If the agent is overly zealous or nervous, he or she might have just begun working at the property. Not only does the agent have to be comfortable playing the game; the agent must know the property and the system well enough to play it properly.
Tip up front: Let the agent know you are serious immediately. Here's how I do it: I walk up, smile without showing teeth, give the agent my CC, drop a 20 on the desk, and say, "This is for you. Whatever you can do for me, I'd appreciate it." Boom. If I am after something specific, I will include that as well: "This is for you. Whatever you can do for me, I'd appreciate a room upgrade, late checkout, wine, whatever."
Finally, if you happen to have a successful experience, then make a point to memorize the agent's name.
Standard front desk lies
1. All the rooms are basically the same size.
2. Of course I remember you! Welcome back!
3. There is nothing I can do.
4. I appreciate your feedback.
5. I'm sorry the bellman made you uncomfortable. I will certainly alert management.
6. I didn't mean to sound insulting.
7. I will mail this immediately.
8. My pleasure.
9. I would like to offer my deepest apologies.
10. We hope to see you again!
From the book Heads in Beds, by Jacob Tomsky. ©2012 by Jacob Tomsky. Published by arrangement with Doubleday, an imprint of the Knopf/Doubleday Publishing Group, a division of Random House Inc.
Confessions of a Hotel Insider | The Week
Jacob Tomsky has worked in hotels for more than a decade, doing everything from valet parking to manning the front desk. And in Heads in Beds, he pulls back the curtain on the hospitality business, revealing the crazy yet compelling reality of an industry we think we know. Prepare to be amused, shocked, and amazed as he spills the unwritten code of the bellhops, the antics that go on the valet parking garage, and the housekeeping department's dirty little secrets.
Image by TessarTheTegu (Shutterstock).
Want to see your work on Lifehacker? Email Tessa.


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Cooling System Repair
MODR'S AUTO & TRUCK SERVICE PROVIDES Cooling System Repair SERVICES TO GLOUCESTER, VA , WEST POINT, VA , MATTHEWS, VA , AND OTHER SURROUNDING AREAS.
Expert Cooling System Repair Solutions in Gloucester, VA!
The cooling system consists of a cooling fan, water pump, thermostat, radiator, heater core, heater valve, and various other parts that primarily work together to dissipate and remove heat from a vehicle's engine. Your vehicle's cooling system is responsible for reducing the temperature inside your engine and preventing possible overheating. Excess heat can build in a variety of places in your vehicle's engine. When the engine reaches maximum operating temperatures, the thermostat opens and releases antifreeze from the engine to the radiator, which initiates the circulatory flow to absorb excess heat. The antifreeze is also responsible for keeping other engine fluids from boiling or freezing. After the antifreeze flows through the engine, it cycles back to the radiator, where the excess heat escapes through the radiator's walls. The antifreeze is cooled by the cooling fan and readied to be re-released into the engine to dissipate additional heat.
Maintain a cool ride with expert Cooling System Repair at Modr's Auto & Truck Service, Gloucester, VA. Schedule now for reliable engine performance!
Enhance Performance – Discover Cooling System Repair Benefits in Gloucester, VA!
Over time, antifreeze breaks down and loses its efficiency. If not drained and replaced, old antifreeze can lead to corrosion. During a cooling system flush and fill, our staff will drain the antifreeze from the radiator, flush the cooling system, and fill the radiator with new antifreeze. The cooling system's cooling fan circulates air through the radiator and passes excess heat out of the engine. If the cooling fan malfunctions, your vehicle's engine will overheat.
During an inspection of the cooling system service, our experts will check the cooling fan for damage and the fan belt for cracks. Because the radiator is responsible for cooling the antifreeze as it circulates throughout the cooling system, a leak or a broken radiator hose can lead to major engine failure. A radiator pressure test is one way we can check for potential leaks or radiator damage. Ultimately, neglecting basic cooling system and radiator maintenance can lead to a potential radiator replacement and major engine or radiator repairs down the road.
Modr's Auto & Truck Service
Proudly serves the Cooling System Repair needs of customers in Gloucester, VA , West Point, VA , Matthews, VA , and surrounding areas.
Areas Served : Gloucester, VA | West Point, VA | Matthews, VA | and surrounding areas
Cooling System Flush and Fill
An overheating engine can cause major damage to various components and cost you a significant amount of time and money to fix...
Cooling System Pressure Test
In a vehicle with a combustion engine, fuel is converted into heat energy, which means the vehicle can get very hot very quickly...
Replace Radiator
The radiator on your car helps keep your engine cool. An overheated engine will lead to a breakdown, so radiator maintenance...


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Installation and Configuration
What do I need to compile Claws Mail?
- Any POSIX compliant UNIX or similar OS eg. Linux, FreeBSD, Solaris, Mac OS X
GTK+ 3.20.x or later OR GTK+ 2.24.x or later (depending on which version you are building)
- A recent ANSI C compiler (gcc 18.104.22.168 should also work)
Otherwise ./configure will fail.
Optional requirements:
- compface
- for X-Face support
- GnuPG 1.2.1 or later and GPGME 0.4.5 or later
- for GnuPG support (see How do I enable GPG support in Claws Mail?)
- GnuTLS 2.2 or later
- for SSL/TLS support
- libEtPan! 0.57 or later
- for IMAP4 support and NNTP support
- OpenLDAP 2.0.7 or later
- for LDAP support
- Enchant (and dictionaries)
- for spell-checker support
- J-Pilot
- for J-Pilot support
- D-Bus
- for interprocess communication support
- Network Manager
- for support for detection of network connection changes
How to build Claws Mail on Mac OS X?
The steps to build Claws Mail on Mac OS X have been originally posted by Damien Krotkine, on his dedicated page and his former post to his blog. None of them are avaliable anymore. The procedure below is based on his work. There's an additional procedure posted on users list by Stainless Steel Rat.
Compiling against X.org
Installing Claws Mail will require X.org, GTK+ 2.6, and a working POSIX building environment (including the gcc/make toolchain). Let's consider using Fink to install the software requirements on your Mac OS X system.
Install Fink (http://www.finkproject.org/).
Download and unpack the Claws Mail sources.
Run ./configure --prefix=/sw
to quickly see what packages are missing, and install them using Fink (fink
or FinkCommander
). Some of the required packages are available in unstable only, so you might need to enable unstable packages in the Fink prefs, then do fink selfupdate scanpackages
. You'll need a complete gcc/make toolchain as well as few extra requirements:
xorg (binary) pkgconfig (binary) glib2-dev (compiled from source - we recommend >=2.10 from unstable) gtk+2-dev (compiled from source - must be >=2.6 from unstable)
Getting IMAP support in Claws Mail requires libetpan, but there is no Fink package for it. Darwin ports provide one, but let's compile it from source directly. Get the tarball from the etpan homepage (http://sourceforge.net/projects/libetpan). Unpack it, and compile the sources with:
% ./configure --prefix=/sw && make && sudo make install
If you need SSL support (for IMAP for instance), install openssl-dev, via Fink, but before that, make sure you enable "Use unstable cryptography packages" in the Fink preferences.
You could also enable support for compface, libgnomeprint/libgnomeprintui, aspell, jpilot, gnupg and gpgme (>=1.0.0) by installing the appropriate packages from Fink.
If you want to compile any of the dillo-viewer, spamassassin or bogofilter plugins with Claws Mail 2.9.2, you have to apply this patch: http://www.mollux.org/projects/contrib/claws-mail/patches/pending/claws-mail-osx-build-core-plugins-rev1.diff into the Claws Mail sources directory. SpamAssassin can be installed from cpan
(see http://developer.apple.com/server/fighting_spam.html) or from the sources.
Now configure the sources:
% ./configure --prefix=/sw --disable-trayicon-plugin
If ./configure
runs well, it should output something like this:
claws-mail 2.9.2 JPilot : yes LDAP : yes OpenSSL : yes iconv : yes compface : yes IPv6 : yes GNU/aspell : yes IMAP4 : yes Crash dialog : no Libgnomeprint : yes LibSM : no Manual : yes Plugins : dillo-viewer pgpinline pgpmime pgpcore bogofilter spamassassin Maemo build : no Config dir : .claws-mail The binary will be installed in /sw/bin
Now let's build Claws Mail:
% make
And install it:
% sudo make install
If everything compiled correctly, you should be able to run Claws Mail. You first need to start X: as we've installed the Fink X.org server, you have to run startx
, and now from within a xterm
, run claws-mail
Most of the extra plugins can be installed: you'd need to download and unpack the extra plugin sources tarball and enter the commands below after entering any of the plugins directories you need.
Available plugins:
att_remover attachwarning cachesaver fetchinfo_plugin gtkhtml2_viewer (libgtkhtml2 required) mailmbox notification_plugin pdf_viewer (poppler >=0.5.1 required) perl_plugin smime synce_plugin vcalendar
The following plugins can't be used yet:
acpi_notifier (probably not applicable, plugin doesn't compile anyway) newmail (plugin won't load) rssyl (plugin will crash)
Commands to build and install a plugin:
% ./configure --prefix=/sw && sudo make install
How do I set up Claws Mail?
When you run Claws Mail for the first time, the Installation Wizard will appear and prompt you for the minimum required information necessary to start using Claws Mail in less than 5 minutes.
Why did the creation of the mailbox fail?
Claws Mail reports such an error if it can't create the default mailboxes (inbox, outbox, etc ...). This can be because <homedir>/Mail already contains files with the same names. This occurs when switching from Kmail to Claws Mail, in this case backup and remove the existing Mail directory or use another name for the Claws Mail mail directory.
How do I create a new account?
You can add an account by using the menu item '/Configuration/Create new account'
Why does Claws Mail not delete my mails when I press "delete"? I set a filter, and Claws Mail does not filter. I moved a mail to a different mailbox and it did not move.
You have the configuration option 'Execute immediately when moving or deleting messages' on the /Configuration/Preferences/Display/Summaries page disabled.
Can I set up special addresses/ports for my mailserver / newsserver?
Yes, you can. In the Account preferences, on the 'Advanced' tab you can specify the port addresses that you want to use.
Can I safely store my passwords/passphrases with Claws Accountmanagement?
Passphrases in Claws are stored encrypted using AES-256-CBC (Details). You can activate and enter a master passphrase in the settings to replace the randomly generated code. If you choose to do so, your stored passphrases are encrypted with this master passphrase and you will need to enter it once per session to unlock your stored account passphrases. If you don't store your account passphrases in Claws, the master passphrase serves no purpose and you should deactivate it.
Does Claws Mail have options for threading messages?
Yes. You can switch it on and off in the View Menu, just select "Thread View" or press Ctrl+T. (This only affects the currently selected folder; i.e. it is a folder property.)
Can I create multiple levels of subfolders to store mail?
Absolutely. This is no problem.
1. right-click on an existing folder
2. choose 'Create new folder ...' from the resulting menu
3. type in a name for your new folder (you can check 'inherit properties from parent folder' if you want to do that)
How do I apply a patch after downloading it?
Copy patch to Claws Mail directory Apply the patch:
% patch -p0 < some.patch
Or, if it's gzipped:
% gzip -dc some.patch.gz | patch -p0
Run ./autogen.sh [OPTIONS]
, then make
How do I compile in support for compface pictures?
You have to have a package called libcompface installed, so this is available for compiling into Claws Mail. You can find out more and download it at http://freshmeat.net/projects/compface/ . Also, Tim Jackson has a spec file, which you can use to build an RPM of compface, at http://www.timj.co.uk/linux/rpms.php .
How do I make my own compface image?
You can use the gif2xface.pl script, which converts a 48x48 gif to the format suitable for compface. This script can be found in the 'tools' directory, along with a README. It is also available from this site: https://www.claws-mail.org/tools.php. You can also let Claws Mail create it by itself from a .xbm file.
Or, if that doesn't work.
1. Find/create 48x48 image, png works well.
2. Convert it to pbm without dither (this also makes it black and white: convert -dither image.png image.pbm
3. Convert the pbm to icon: pbmtoicon image.pbm > image.icon
4. Edit the icon file in a text editor. Delete any comment at the beginning, and put the values in colums of three with comma separation like so:
0xfoo, 0xfoo, 0xfoo,
5. The final line shouldn't have a comma ending it
0xfoo, 0xfoo, 0xfoo
6. Make certain there are exactly 48 lines and save.
7. Run compface on it: compface <image.icon> image.xface
8. Then follow the instructions below.
Or you can take the super easy way out and just use this website:
How can I make Claws Mail send my compface image in the mails?
On the Send page of the Account preferences check 'Add user-defined header' and press the 'Edit' button. In the dialogue that appears, add a header named "X-Face" and fill the value field with your face data. Alternatively, you can select a .xbm file in this dialog. Note that if you paste the data from a terminal into the field some spurious newlines can be added, and these can mangle your face, be careful.
How can I make Claws Mail send a colour Face image in the mails?
Face headers contain base64-encoded 48x48 PNG image, and don't have any external dependency at compile-time or at run-time. You'll find more details here: http://quimby.gnus.org/circus/face/
Once you have your .png file that complies to the specs of the Face header (max length 725 bytes), go to the Send page of the Account preferences, check 'Add user-defined header' and press the 'Edit' button. In the dialogue that appears, add a header named "Face" and click the 'From file' button to select your .png file.
Note: there's nothing that prevents you from having both a X-Face (see previous FAQ entry) and a Face header in your mails.
How do I make my own Face image?
For a color face image, a simple command-line use is all that's needed:
home:~$ djpeg my.jpg | ppmnorm | pnmscale -width 48 -height 48 | ppmquant 9 | pnmtopng > my.png
The number after 'ppmquant' can be changed as needed until you have an image that is as close to 725 bytes as possible. It cannot be larger than 725 bytes.
How can I tell my browser/newsclient/other program to use Claws Mail as e-mail program?
In the settings part of the program, use claws-mail --compose "%t?subject=%s&body=%d"
- Specific options for typical browsers
- Firefox 3
In Firefox go to /Edit/Preferences/Applications. Search for 'mailto'. Under 'Action', select 'Use other...', and locate and select the 'claws-mail' executable, (typically /usr/bin/claws-mail or /usr/local/bin/claws-mail).
- Firefox 2
Enter 'about:config' in the address bar. Add or Edit the following values:
network.protocol-handler.external.mailto : default : boolean : true network.protocol-handler.app.mailto : user set : string : claws-mail
- Opera
claws-mail --compose mailto:%t?[subject=%s&][body=%m]
- Galeon
claws-mail --compose "mailto:%t?subject=%s&body=%d"
How do I enable GPG support in Claws Mail?
GunPG support requires GnuPG >= 0.4.x and GPGME >= 1.x.x.
Caution: according to some user experience, you might need to install GnuPG 1.x and GPGME 1.x.x in a separate location (isolated from the system ones), and to make sure GPGME is configured to use this specific GnuPG binary (`configure --prefix=/path/to/the/isolated/gpg1 --with-gpg=/path/to/the/isolated/gpg1/bin/gpg`). This is at least the case on RHEL6 and variants (SL6/CentOS6, Fedora 11+, probably RHEL5 and variants too), who come with GnuPG2 only, and where GPGME is configured to use `/usr/bin/gpg2` (see `gpgme-config --get-gpg`)- so it's useless on these systems to install GnuPG 1.x in system paths and to make sure the `gpg` found on the PATH points to the real GnuPG 1 version. Once this is done, GnuPG 1 and system's GnuPG 2 can both work fine with user's .gnupg/ config (GnuPG 1/2 are designed to do so). You'll need to update your environment where PATH and LD_LIBRARY_PATH must point to /path/to/the/isolated/gpg1 subdirectories prior to start `claws-mail`.
You need to load the PGP/Core, PGP/MIME, and PGP/inline plugins. '/Configuration/Plugins/Load plugin'.
Mutt does not recognize Claws Mail's MH structure
For this to work you need to use the touch
command in every MH folder. touch
the file .xmhcache
and Mutt should do just fine.
How can I make Claws Mail notify me when new mail arrives?
Go to '/Configuration/Preferences/Common', on the 'Receive' tab use the settings for 'Run command when new mail arrives'. You can also use the Acpi-notifier (if you have a supported laptop) or the Notification plugin, which are available on the Plugins page.
Can I use a spell checker with Claws Mail?
Install Enchant (with dictionaries) and run ./configure
I checked out the sources using git and cant find any configure script. What can I do?
The git versions are meant to be used by developers rather than normal users, so the source (or binary) distributions are easier to use.
- Yeah, but the latest features from git really look sexy...
You need to generate the configure script by running ./autogen.sh
. Building from git requires a lot of extra dependencies that the release tarballs don't have.
Running "autogen.sh" gives errormessages that AM_PATH_GDK_PIXBUF or AM_PATH_(whatever) is not found. What can I do?
There are some *.m4 files in the ac/missing
directory. Try to copy them into the ac
directory and run autogen.sh
If there are still some .m4 files not found (e.g. those from Gtk), try to run
% locate m4 | less
% locate aclocal | less
to find additional directories containing those macros. If you find e.g. a "gtk.m4" in "/opt/gnome/share/aclocal", change following line in "autogen.sh" from
aclocal -I ac \
aclocal -I ac -I /opt/gnome/share/aclocal \
and run it again.
I dont want to compile in support for ... any longer, but after running configure
, those libraries are still used. What can I do?
Remove the config.cache
file and run configure
again. You should also use make clean
to avoid undefined references.
How can I select different applications to open with specific MIME types?
The MIME-type->application associations are kept in ~/.mailcap
and /etc/mailcap
How can I change the suggested mimetype for attachments I am sending?
The extension->MIME-type associations are kept in either /usr/share/mime/globs
or /etc/mime.types
, depending on your system.
Right-click an attachment in the compose window's "Attachments" tab, and select Properties to change the MIME-type.
Why is the folder list not updated after I manually moved/copied folders?
You need to update Claws Mail's cache. Right click on the mailbox and choose "Check for new folders".
How can I revert original settings, e.g. for fonts, keybindings, etc.?
Claws Mail keeps its configuration files in $HOME/.claws-mail/clawsrc
and creates default entries, if none are found. So the easiest way is to quit claws-mail, temporarily renaming your $HOME/.claws-mail
e.g. to *.bak
and restarting claws-mail in order to get default entries.
What environment variables have effect on Claws Mail?
- Here are the most common variables
- location of .claws-mail (config directory) and default folder for Mailboxes.
- locale settings, e.g. language and date format.
For a more detailed list see manual page (man claws-mail).
Why are special characters (e.g. umlauts) not displayed correctly?
In most cases, this is caused by emails with broken encodings. You can try to force it using the View/Character Encoding submenu.
How can I convert my old mailbox / addressbook from (some mail client).
If you can export your old mailbox to MH
or mbox
format it can be imported directly into Claws Mail. If the mailbox is in MH
format you can use /File/Add Mailbox/MH... If the mailbox is in mbox
format, it can be imported with /File/Import mbox file/...
The Claws Mail addressbook supports direct import from Mutt, Pine, and LDIF and vCard formats, which are standard formats exported by most email clients.
In addition, several scripts are provided on the Claws Mail website to convert various mailbox and addressbook formats.
If your old addressbook only supports CSV export, and it is not supported by the csv2addressbook.pl
script on the website, you can convert it to vCard format using this online tool. Another online tool can convert from vCard to LDIF format.
What configuration files are there, and what are they used for?
The default location for Claws Mail's configuration files is $HOME/.claws-mail/
. (The command 'claws-mail --config-dir
' shows the location.) They are in plain text format and quite easy to understand, so don't fear to take a look into them using a text editor.
- clawsrc
- main configuration: nearly all options from the settings window, e.g. mailbox location, font entries, etc.
- accountrc
- settings for POP/IMAP/NNTP/local accounts
- actionsrc
- user defined actions
- customheaderrc
- user defined header lines
- dispheaderrc
- headers to display above the mail body
- folderitemrc
- folder specific settings
- folderlist.xml
- additional folder specific settings, e.g. hiding read messages, sort order, etc.
- matcherrc
- filtering, processing and scoring settings
- menurc
- Key bindings
- addrbook/addrbook-*.xml
- contents of your address book (before version 3.1.0 the address book files were kept directly in
What's a good method for printing an e-mail?
Primarily, using the /File/Print menu item.
An alternative: Use muttprint. The print-command would then look something like this: muttprint -f %s
Using KDE or gv you also get a "print preview" for free!
Try muttprint -f %s -p - |kghostview -
or muttprint -f %s -p - |gv -
respectively... BTW: muttprint, like enscript, may optionally print two logical pages on one physical page. Just have a look at the docs!
Claws refuses to send mail, and says the queue folder cannot be found
This problem happens for people using only IMAP accounts. Claws Mail requires a queue folder for outgoing mail. If there is none, it will display an error message ("can't find queue folder") and refuse to send mail. This feature prevents loss of messages, in the case Claws Mail would be killed while sending an e-mail, or should there be a network problem. It provides extra security against data loss.
You are advised to create a local folder (/File/Add Mailbox/MH). Outgoing messages will be queued there, and sending will work.
You can also decide not to use a local folder for the queue, and use the IMAP server for this. It is not recommended because Claw Mail's queued messages have a special header that might not be handled correctly by the IMAP server. If you really want to create a queueing folder in an IMAP server, create an ordinary folder in it. Right click on it, select /Properties/, and change /Type/ to be "Queue". (Might be unneeded : Go to /Configuration/Edit accounts/, select your account, click /Edit/, click /Advanced/. On this screen you can tick /Put queued messages in/ and select the folder you have created.)
What is the purpose of this bizarre "Enable Alternate Dictionary" option?
It is useful only if you routinely compose messages that use two or more languages. If this option is enabled, then when you switch to another language, the last one you used is not swapped out from memory, thus, when you switch again to it, there is no delay. Moreover, whenever you use two dictionaries, if you check a word and if the spell checker considers it misspelled in the current language, you can switch to the alternate language and recheck the word in one operation by selecting the "Check with ALTERNATE_LANGUAGE" item (keyboard short-cut: <x>) in the suggestions menu. This is very handy when the message contains paragraphs in two languages.
Why doesn't the spell checker have a more traditional user interface, like KMail, Evolution etc?
Because the developer (Melvin Hadasht) noted that by using the keyboard shortcuts the spell checking can be done faster while typing (more on that below). Moreover, there is the option <Spelling/Check All or Check selection> allows to do a spell checking of the whole text or just a selection. Just keep an eye where the suggestions menu shows up to look at the misspelled word, then hit one of the letters corresponding to the suggestion (<a> through <p>, press also <ALT> to make the selected suggestion listed as the first suggestion the next time you do exactly the same mistake --- this is the "learn by mistake" feature), or hit <r> to type a replacement, or hit <ALT-SPACE> to accept the word in the current message, or hit <ALT-RETURN> to accept the word and to add it definitively to your personal dictionary associated to this language. If you have enabled the "Alternate Dictionary", you can switch to it by hitting <x>.
If you prefer checking while you type, just bind the <Spelling/Check backwards misspelled word> and <Spelling/Forward to next misspelled word> to two quick keyboard short cuts. Then, as soon as you mistype a word, call the <Check backwards...> short-cut ---you do not need to move the cursor--- and without using the mouse select the suggestion. As Enchant does a good job at suggesting a replacement, you will often end to type <a>, and as the cursor did not move, just continue typing. In contrast, the other option, <Forward to next...> does move the cursor. This is because if you have text after the cursor, that also means in general that you are only editing a message, and not writing it, so advancing the cursor to the misspelled word is in general the wanted behaviour.
How do I make Claws Mail the default mail application for KDE?
KDE does not support passing the full URL to a mailer (see bug 658 and the corresponding KDE bug entry). But there is a workaround - do the following as root:
wget https://www.claws-mail.org/tools/claws-mail-compose.pl mv claws-mail-compose.pl /usr/local/bin chmod +x /usr/local/bin/claws-mail-compose.pl
Then go to the KDE Control Center -> KDE Components -> Component Chooser -> Email Client, choose "Use a different email client" and enter the following into the textbox:
/usr/local/bin/claws-mail-compose.pl --to="%t" --cc="%c" --bcc="%b" --subject="%s" --body="%B" --attach="%A"
If your binary has a name other than "claws-mail", you must append another parameter:
where /usr/bin/claws-mail is the full path to claws-mail on your system.
In case you don't want that perlscript or you can't use it - there is this alternative. But be aware that passing multiple lines or non-standard characters to Claws Mail from an application (e.g. konqueror trying to send form-data via email) will not work!
claws-mail --compose "~mailto:%t?cc=%c&bcc=%b&subject=%s&body=%B" --attach "%A"
Replace "claws-mail" with the actual name of your binary here as well.
Why does Claws Mail tell me that a gpg signature has expired?
The sender used a key with a time limit, you have to update your keyring regularly to receive the updated signatures, e.g. like this:
gpg --refresh-keys
Note: Most keyservers have problems syncing OpenPGP type keys (see http://keyserver.kjsl.com/~jharris/keyserver.html). It is recommended to switch to SKS keyservers, e.g. subkeys.pgp.net or sks.keyserver.penguin.de .
Why does Claws Mail tell me that there is one unread message in some folders?
If the message count in a folder indicates that you have one unread message but all are marked as read you have to do the following: Right click on toplevel MH folder and use "Check for new messages", or use '/View/Update Summary'
How can I use my free Hotmail, Yahoo, or AOL email account via Claws Mail?
FreePOPs should allow you to create kind of a "bridge" between these proprietary email services and Claws Mail. Simply install FreePOPs, which is probably packaged in your distribution and configure it. After that, you can add an POP3 account to Claws Mail, which receiving server will be localhost
and set the port to use to 2000
in the Advanced tab. The username to use consists of a complete email address, like firstname.lastname@example.com
, so that FreePOP can know which type of account it is. For more information, see FreePOPs' user manual.
Does Claws Mail work with Gmail accounts?
Yes, provided that you have enabled POP or IMAP access in your Gmail account.
all about POP access: http://gmail.google.com/support/bin/topic.py?topic=12805
enabling POP in Gmail: http://gmail.google.com/support/bin/answer.py?answer=13273
configure other email client for POP access: http://mail.google.com/support/bin/answer.py?answer=13287
all about IMAP access: http://gmail.google.com/support/bin/topic.py?topic=12806
enabling IMAP in Gmail: http://gmail.google.com/support/bin/answer.py?answer=77695&topic=13294
configure other email clients for IMAP access: http://mail.google.com/support/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=78799
Information about using Claws with Gmail effectively: https://www.claws-mail.org/faq/index.php?title=Using_Claws_with_Gmail
Claws Mail doesn't retrieve emails from my Gmail (POP3) account. Sending messages doesn't work either. What can I do?
Try prefixing your user name, which is usually your email address, with 'recent:' (without the quotes).
Also make sure that under the 'Send' tab of your Claws Mail Account settings , the 'Authenticate with POP3 before sending' option is turned off.
Finally, be aware that if the 'Remove messages on server when received' option is set in the 'Receive' tab of your Claws Mail Account, when you retrieve your messages they will be removed from the Gmail 'All emails' folder and they won't be available anymore from the Gmail web interface.
Can I have different mailboxes for my accounts even though they aren't IMAP or News?
Yes, you can.
Use File -> Add mailbox -> MH
Then in the account preferences on the 'receive' tab set the inbox, on the 'advanced' tab set up the other folders.
How can I permanently delete messages?
When you press the [del] key, the selected messages are moved to the Trash folder. You can, of course, empty the trash at any time by using the Trash folder's contextual menu.
If, however, you want to permanently delete the message without moving it to trash, you have two options:
- Delete menu
- First possibility is to select the /Message/Delete menu item in the main window, (to which you can assign a keyboard shortcut, like [shift+del]), or the message's context menu entry.
- Trash subfolder
- If you systematically want to permanently delete messages from a folder, (for instance, your Junk folder that contains spam messages), you should create that folder as a subfolder of Trash. It will then inherit the behavior of the trash folder, and permanently delete messages when you press [del].
How can I compose email without internet connection (offline)?
If you need to create email in offline (e.g. when you are travelling with your notebook and temporaly have no internet connection), you should do the following steps 1. Create MH mail box (File/Add mailbox) for local storage of messages. 2. At your account preferences, advanced-tab you should override "put queued messages in" and "put queued draft in" with folders of your MH mail box, e.g.
#mh/local/queue #mh/local/draft
When you compose your messages in offline mode, you should press "send later", to put them into local queue. Entering online you press "send" button in main application screen to actually transmit them.


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- Robust Enduro version of the fast-rolling and versatile XR2
- Engineered for all around Enduro use on dry, fast courses
- TLR tire engineered for use with TLR sealant for worry-free setup and puncture protection
- Core Strength casing has reinforced sidewall and subtread protection for light-weight durability
- 905 grams
Tubeless-ready tires are compatible with both tubeless-ready and standard rims. When the tire is mounted on a tubeless-ready rim with special tubeless rim tape, valve, and sealant, the tire and rim form an airtight chamber that no longer requires a tube. This lets you run lower tire pressure with less fear of pinch flats and without the added weight of a tube. Lower tire pressure has many benefits, including greater traction and lower rolling resistance over rough surfaces. The tire can also be used with a tube if you mount it on a standard, non-tubeless-ready rim.
Bontrager Hard-Case Lite
Part Numbers
Option | UPC | MPN | Store SKU |
27.5 x 2.30 | 601479662531 | 548822 | 601479662531 |