text:
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Plumbing Commands
- 2.45.1 → 2.45.2 no changes
- 2.45.0 04/29/24
- 2.44.1 → 2.44.2 no changes
- 2.44.0 02/23/24
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- 2.43.1 02/09/24
- 2.43.0 11/20/23
- 2.42.2 → 2.42.3 no changes
- 2.42.1 11/02/23
- 2.42.0 08/21/23
- 2.41.1 → 2.41.2 no changes
- 2.41.0 06/01/23
- 2.40.1 → 2.40.3 no changes
- 2.40.0 03/12/23
- 2.39.1 → 2.39.5 no changes
- 2.39.0 12/12/22
- 2.38.1 → 2.38.5 no changes
- 2.38.0 10/02/22
- 2.37.3 → 2.37.7 no changes
- 2.37.2 08/11/22
- 2.36.1 → 2.37.1 no changes
- 2.36.0 04/18/22
- 2.34.1 → 2.35.8 no changes
- 2.34.0 11/15/21
- 2.33.1 → 2.33.8 no changes
- 2.33.0 08/16/21
- 2.32.1 → 2.32.7 no changes
- 2.32.0 06/06/21
- 2.31.1 → 2.31.8 no changes
- 2.31.0 03/15/21
git diff [<options>] [<commit>] [--] [<path>…] git diff [<options>] --cached [--merge-base] [<commit>] [--] [<path>…] git diff [<options>] [--merge-base] <commit> [<commit>…] <commit> [--] [<path>…] git diff [<options>] <commit>…<commit> [--] [<path>…] git diff [<options>] <blob> <blob> git diff [<options>] --no-index [--] <path> <path>
Show changes between the working tree and the index or a tree, changes between the index and a tree, changes between two trees, changes resulting from a merge, changes between two blob objects, or changes between two files on disk.
- git diff [<options>] [--] [<path>…]
This form is to view the changes you made relative to the index (staging area for the next commit). In other words, the differences are what you could tell Git to further add to the index but you still haven't. You can stage these changes by using git-add[1].
- git diff [<options>] --no-index [--] <path> <path>
This form is to compare the given two paths on the filesystem. You can omit the
option when running the command in a working tree controlled by Git and at least one of the paths points outside the working tree, or when running the command outside a working tree controlled by Git. This form implies--exit-code
. - git diff [<options>] --cached [--merge-base] [<commit>] [--] [<path>…]
This form is to view the changes you staged for the next commit relative to the named <commit>. Typically you would want comparison with the latest commit, so if you do not give <commit>, it defaults to HEAD. If HEAD does not exist (e.g. unborn branches) and <commit> is not given, it shows all staged changes. --staged is a synonym of --cached.
If --merge-base is given, instead of using <commit>, use the merge base of <commit> and HEAD.
git diff --merge-base A
is equivalent togit diff $(git merge-base A HEAD)
. - git diff [<options>] <commit> [--] [<path>…]
This form is to view the changes you have in your working tree relative to the named <commit>. You can use HEAD to compare it with the latest commit, or a branch name to compare with the tip of a different branch.
- git diff [<options>] [--merge-base] <commit> <commit> [--] [<path>…]
This is to view the changes between two arbitrary <commit>.
If --merge-base is given, use the merge base of the two commits for the "before" side.
git diff --merge-base A B
is equivalent togit diff $(git merge-base A B) B
. - git diff [<options>] <commit> <commit>… <commit> [--] [<path>…]
This form is to view the results of a merge commit. The first listed <commit> must be the merge itself; the remaining two or more commits should be its parents. A convenient way to produce the desired set of revisions is to use the
suffix. For instance, ifmaster
names a merge commit,git diff master master^@
gives the same combined diff asgit show master
. - git diff [<options>] <commit>..<commit> [--] [<path>…]
This is synonymous to the earlier form (without the
) for viewing the changes between two arbitrary <commit>. If <commit> on one side is omitted, it will have the same effect as using HEAD instead. - git diff [<options>] <commit>...<commit> [--] [<path>…]
This form is to view the changes on the branch containing and up to the second <commit>, starting at a common ancestor of both <commit>.
git diff A...B
is equivalent togit diff $(git merge-base A B) B
. You can omit any one of <commit>, which has the same effect as using HEAD instead.
Just in case you are doing something exotic, it should be
noted that all of the <commit> in the above description, except
in the --merge-base
case and in the last two forms that use ..
notations, can be any <tree>.
For a more complete list of ways to spell <commit>, see
"SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in gitrevisions[7].
However, "diff" is about comparing two endpoints, not ranges,
and the range notations (<commit>..<commit>
) do not mean a range as defined in the
"SPECIFYING RANGES" section in gitrevisions[7].
- -p
- -u
- --patch
Generate patch (see section on generating patches). This is the default.
- -s
- --no-patch
Suppress diff output. Useful for commands like
git show
that show the patch by default, or to cancel the effect of--patch
. - -U<n>
- --unified=<n>
Generate diffs with <n> lines of context instead of the usual three. Implies
. - --output=<file>
Output to a specific file instead of stdout.
- --output-indicator-new=<char>
- --output-indicator-old=<char>
- --output-indicator-context=<char>
Specify the character used to indicate new, old or context lines in the generated patch. Normally they are +, - and ' ' respectively.
- --raw
Generate the diff in raw format.
- --patch-with-raw
Synonym for
-p --raw
. - --indent-heuristic
Enable the heuristic that shifts diff hunk boundaries to make patches easier to read. This is the default.
- --no-indent-heuristic
Disable the indent heuristic.
- --minimal
Spend extra time to make sure the smallest possible diff is produced.
- --patience
Generate a diff using the "patience diff" algorithm.
- --histogram
Generate a diff using the "histogram diff" algorithm.
- --anchored=<text>
Generate a diff using the "anchored diff" algorithm.
This option may be specified more than once.
If a line exists in both the source and destination, exists only once, and starts with this text, this algorithm attempts to prevent it from appearing as a deletion or addition in the output. It uses the "patience diff" algorithm internally.
- --diff-algorithm={patience|minimal|histogram|myers}
Choose a diff algorithm. The variants are as follows:
The basic greedy diff algorithm. Currently, this is the default.
Spend extra time to make sure the smallest possible diff is produced.
Use "patience diff" algorithm when generating patches.
This algorithm extends the patience algorithm to "support low-occurrence common elements".
For instance, if you configured the
variable to a non-default value and want to use the default one, then you have to use--diff-algorithm=default
option. -
- --stat[=<width>[,<name-width>[,<count>]]]
Generate a diffstat. By default, as much space as necessary will be used for the filename part, and the rest for the graph part. Maximum width defaults to terminal width, or 80 columns if not connected to a terminal, and can be overridden by
. The width of the filename part can be limited by giving another width<name-width>
after a comma. The width of the graph part can be limited by using--stat-graph-width=<width>
(affects all commands generating a stat graph) or by settingdiff.statGraphWidth=<width>
(does not affectgit format-patch
). By giving a third parameter<count>
, you can limit the output to the first<count>
lines, followed by...
if there are more.These parameters can also be set individually with
. - --compact-summary
Output a condensed summary of extended header information such as file creations or deletions ("new" or "gone", optionally "+l" if it's a symlink) and mode changes ("+x" or "-x" for adding or removing executable bit respectively) in diffstat. The information is put between the filename part and the graph part. Implies
. - --numstat
Similar to
, but shows number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation and pathname without abbreviation, to make it more machine friendly. For binary files, outputs two-
instead of saying0 0
. - --shortstat
Output only the last line of the
format containing total number of modified files, as well as number of added and deleted lines. - -X[<param1,param2,…>]
- --dirstat[=<param1,param2,…>]
Output the distribution of relative amount of changes for each sub-directory. The behavior of
can be customized by passing it a comma separated list of parameters. The defaults are controlled by thediff.dirstat
configuration variable (see git-config[1]). The following parameters are available:-
Compute the dirstat numbers by counting the lines that have been removed from the source, or added to the destination. This ignores the amount of pure code movements within a file. In other words, rearranging lines in a file is not counted as much as other changes. This is the default behavior when no parameter is given.
Compute the dirstat numbers by doing the regular line-based diff analysis, and summing the removed/added line counts. (For binary files, count 64-byte chunks instead, since binary files have no natural concept of lines). This is a more expensive
behavior than thechanges
behavior, but it does count rearranged lines within a file as much as other changes. The resulting output is consistent with what you get from the other--*stat
options. -
Compute the dirstat numbers by counting the number of files changed. Each changed file counts equally in the dirstat analysis. This is the computationally cheapest
behavior, since it does not have to look at the file contents at all. -
Count changes in a child directory for the parent directory as well. Note that when using
, the sum of the percentages reported may exceed 100%. The default (non-cumulative) behavior can be specified with thenoncumulative
parameter. - <limit>
An integer parameter specifies a cut-off percent (3% by default). Directories contributing less than this percentage of the changes are not shown in the output.
Example: The following will count changed files, while ignoring directories with less than 10% of the total amount of changed files, and accumulating child directory counts in the parent directories:
. -
- --cumulative
Synonym for --dirstat=cumulative
- --dirstat-by-file[=<param1,param2>…]
Synonym for --dirstat=files,param1,param2…
- --summary
Output a condensed summary of extended header information such as creations, renames and mode changes.
- --patch-with-stat
Synonym for
-p --stat
. - -z
has been given, do not munge pathnames and use NULs as output field terminators.Without this option, pathnames with "unusual" characters are quoted as explained for the configuration variable
(see git-config[1]). - --name-only
Show only names of changed files. The file names are often encoded in UTF-8. For more information see the discussion about encoding in the git-log[1] manual page.
- --name-status
Show only names and status of changed files. See the description of the
option on what the status letters mean. Just like--name-only
the file names are often encoded in UTF-8. - --submodule[=<format>]
Specify how differences in submodules are shown. When specifying
the short format is used. This format just shows the names of the commits at the beginning and end of the range. When--submodule
is specified, the log format is used. This format lists the commits in the range like git-submodule[1]summary
does. When--submodule=diff
is specified, the diff format is used. This format shows an inline diff of the changes in the submodule contents between the commit range. Defaults todiff.submodule
or the short format if the config option is unset. - --color[=<when>]
Show colored diff.
(i.e. without =<when>) is the same as--color=always
. <when> can be one ofalways
, orauto
. It can be changed by thecolor.ui
configuration settings. - --no-color
Turn off colored diff. This can be used to override configuration settings. It is the same as
. - --color-moved[=<mode>]
Moved lines of code are colored differently. It can be changed by the
configuration setting. The <mode> defaults to no if the option is not given and to zebra if the option with no mode is given. The mode must be one of:- no
Moved lines are not highlighted.
- default
Is a synonym for
. This may change to a more sensible mode in the future. - plain
Any line that is added in one location and was removed in another location will be colored with color.diff.newMoved. Similarly color.diff.oldMoved will be used for removed lines that are added somewhere else in the diff. This mode picks up any moved line, but it is not very useful in a review to determine if a block of code was moved without permutation.
- blocks
Blocks of moved text of at least 20 alphanumeric characters are detected greedily. The detected blocks are painted using either the color.diff.{old,new}Moved color. Adjacent blocks cannot be told apart.
- zebra
Blocks of moved text are detected as in blocks mode. The blocks are painted using either the color.diff.{old,new}Moved color or color.diff.{old,new}MovedAlternative. The change between the two colors indicates that a new block was detected.
- dimmed-zebra
Similar to zebra, but additional dimming of uninteresting parts of moved code is performed. The bordering lines of two adjacent blocks are considered interesting, the rest is uninteresting.
is a deprecated synonym.
- --no-color-moved
Turn off move detection. This can be used to override configuration settings. It is the same as
. - --color-moved-ws=<modes>
This configures how whitespace is ignored when performing the move detection for
. It can be set by thediff.colorMovedWS
configuration setting. These modes can be given as a comma separated list:- no
Do not ignore whitespace when performing move detection.
- ignore-space-at-eol
Ignore changes in whitespace at EOL.
- ignore-space-change
Ignore changes in amount of whitespace. This ignores whitespace at line end, and considers all other sequences of one or more whitespace characters to be equivalent.
- ignore-all-space
Ignore whitespace when comparing lines. This ignores differences even if one line has whitespace where the other line has none.
- allow-indentation-change
Initially ignore any whitespace in the move detection, then group the moved code blocks only into a block if the change in whitespace is the same per line. This is incompatible with the other modes.
- --no-color-moved-ws
Do not ignore whitespace when performing move detection. This can be used to override configuration settings. It is the same as
. - --word-diff[=<mode>]
Show a word diff, using the <mode> to delimit changed words. By default, words are delimited by whitespace; see
below. The <mode> defaults to plain, and must be one of:- color
Highlight changed words using only colors. Implies
. - plain
Show words as
. Makes no attempts to escape the delimiters if they appear in the input, so the output may be ambiguous. - porcelain
Use a special line-based format intended for script consumption. Added/removed/unchanged runs are printed in the usual unified diff format, starting with a
/` ` character at the beginning of the line and extending to the end of the line. Newlines in the input are represented by a tilde~
on a line of its own. - none
Disable word diff again.
Note that despite the name of the first mode, color is used to highlight the changed parts in all modes if enabled.
- --word-diff-regex=<regex>
Use <regex> to decide what a word is, instead of considering runs of non-whitespace to be a word. Also implies
unless it was already enabled.Every non-overlapping match of the <regex> is considered a word. Anything between these matches is considered whitespace and ignored(!) for the purposes of finding differences. You may want to append
to your regular expression to make sure that it matches all non-whitespace characters. A match that contains a newline is silently truncated(!) at the newline.For example,
will treat each character as a word and, correspondingly, show differences character by character.The regex can also be set via a diff driver or configuration option, see gitattributes[5] or git-config[1]. Giving it explicitly overrides any diff driver or configuration setting. Diff drivers override configuration settings.
- --color-words[=<regex>]
Equivalent to
plus (if a regex was specified)--word-diff-regex=<regex>
. - --no-renames
Turn off rename detection, even when the configuration file gives the default to do so.
- --[no-]rename-empty
Whether to use empty blobs as rename source.
- --check
Warn if changes introduce conflict markers or whitespace errors. What are considered whitespace errors is controlled by
configuration. By default, trailing whitespaces (including lines that consist solely of whitespaces) and a space character that is immediately followed by a tab character inside the initial indent of the line are considered whitespace errors. Exits with non-zero status if problems are found. Not compatible with --exit-code. - --ws-error-highlight=<kind>
Highlight whitespace errors in the
lines of the diff. Multiple values are separated by comma,none
resets previous values,default
reset the list tonew
is a shorthand forold,new,context
. When this option is not given, and the configuration variablediff.wsErrorHighlight
is not set, only whitespace errors innew
lines are highlighted. The whitespace errors are colored withcolor.diff.whitespace
. - --full-index
Instead of the first handful of characters, show the full pre- and post-image blob object names on the "index" line when generating patch format output.
- --binary
In addition to
, output a binary diff that can be applied withgit-apply
. Implies--patch
. - --abbrev[=<n>]
Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal object name in diff-raw format output and diff-tree header lines, show the shortest prefix that is at least <n> hexdigits long that uniquely refers the object. In diff-patch output format,
takes higher precedence, i.e. if--full-index
is specified, full blob names will be shown regardless of--abbrev
. Non default number of digits can be specified with--abbrev=<n>
. - -B[<n>][/<m>]
- --break-rewrites[=[<n>][/<m>]]
Break complete rewrite changes into pairs of delete and create. This serves two purposes:
It affects the way a change that amounts to a total rewrite of a file not as a series of deletion and insertion mixed together with a very few lines that happen to match textually as the context, but as a single deletion of everything old followed by a single insertion of everything new, and the number
controls this aspect of the -B option (defaults to 60%).-B/70%
specifies that less than 30% of the original should remain in the result for Git to consider it a total rewrite (i.e. otherwise the resulting patch will be a series of deletion and insertion mixed together with context lines).When used with -M, a totally-rewritten file is also considered as the source of a rename (usually -M only considers a file that disappeared as the source of a rename), and the number
controls this aspect of the -B option (defaults to 50%).-B20%
specifies that a change with addition and deletion compared to 20% or more of the file's size are eligible for being picked up as a possible source of a rename to another file. - -M[<n>]
- --find-renames[=<n>]
Detect renames. If
is specified, it is a threshold on the similarity index (i.e. amount of addition/deletions compared to the file's size). For example,-M90%
means Git should consider a delete/add pair to be a rename if more than 90% of the file hasn't changed. Without a%
sign, the number is to be read as a fraction, with a decimal point before it. I.e.,-M5
becomes 0.5, and is thus the same as-M50%
. Similarly,-M05
is the same as-M5%
. To limit detection to exact renames, use-M100%
. The default similarity index is 50%. - -C[<n>]
- --find-copies[=<n>]
Detect copies as well as renames. See also
. Ifn
is specified, it has the same meaning as for-M<n>
. - --find-copies-harder
For performance reasons, by default,
option finds copies only if the original file of the copy was modified in the same changeset. This flag makes the command inspect unmodified files as candidates for the source of copy. This is a very expensive operation for large projects, so use it with caution. Giving more than one-C
option has the same effect. - -D
- --irreversible-delete
Omit the preimage for deletes, i.e. print only the header but not the diff between the preimage and
. The resulting patch is not meant to be applied withpatch
orgit apply
; this is solely for people who want to just concentrate on reviewing the text after the change. In addition, the output obviously lacks enough information to apply such a patch in reverse, even manually, hence the name of the option.When used together with
, omit also the preimage in the deletion part of a delete/create pair. - -l<num>
options require O(n^2) processing time where n is the number of potential rename/copy targets. This option prevents rename/copy detection from running if the number of rename/copy targets exceeds the specified number. - --diff-filter=[(A|C|D|M|R|T|U|X|B)…[*]]
Select only files that are Added (
), Copied (C
), Deleted (D
), Modified (M
), Renamed (R
), have their type (i.e. regular file, symlink, submodule, …) changed (T
), are Unmerged (U
), are Unknown (X
), or have had their pairing Broken (B
). Any combination of the filter characters (including none) can be used. When*
(All-or-none) is added to the combination, all paths are selected if there is any file that matches other criteria in the comparison; if there is no file that matches other criteria, nothing is selected.Also, these upper-case letters can be downcased to exclude. E.g.
excludes added and deleted paths.Note that not all diffs can feature all types. For instance, diffs from the index to the working tree can never have Added entries (because the set of paths included in the diff is limited by what is in the index). Similarly, copied and renamed entries cannot appear if detection for those types is disabled.
- -S<string>
Look for differences that change the number of occurrences of the specified string (i.e. addition/deletion) in a file. Intended for the scripter's use.
It is useful when you're looking for an exact block of code (like a struct), and want to know the history of that block since it first came into being: use the feature iteratively to feed the interesting block in the preimage back into
, and keep going until you get the very first version of the block.Binary files are searched as well.
- -G<regex>
Look for differences whose patch text contains added/removed lines that match <regex>.
To illustrate the difference between
-S<regex> --pickaxe-regex
, consider a commit with the following diff in the same file:+ return frotz(nitfol, two->ptr, 1, 0); ... - hit = frotz(nitfol, mf2.ptr, 1, 0);
git log -G"frotz\(nitfol"
will show this commit,git log -S"frotz\(nitfol" --pickaxe-regex
will not (because the number of occurrences of that string did not change).Unless
is supplied patches of binary files without a textconv filter will be ignored.See the pickaxe entry in gitdiffcore[7] for more information.
- --find-object=<object-id>
Look for differences that change the number of occurrences of the specified object. Similar to
, just the argument is different in that it doesn't search for a specific string but for a specific object id.The object can be a blob or a submodule commit. It implies the
option ingit-log
to also find trees. - --pickaxe-all
finds a change, show all the changes in that changeset, not just the files that contain the change in <string>. - --pickaxe-regex
Treat the <string> given to
as an extended POSIX regular expression to match. - -O<orderfile>
Control the order in which files appear in the output. This overrides the
configuration variable (see git-config[1]). To canceldiff.orderFile
, use-O/dev/null
.The output order is determined by the order of glob patterns in <orderfile>. All files with pathnames that match the first pattern are output first, all files with pathnames that match the second pattern (but not the first) are output next, and so on. All files with pathnames that do not match any pattern are output last, as if there was an implicit match-all pattern at the end of the file. If multiple pathnames have the same rank (they match the same pattern but no earlier patterns), their output order relative to each other is the normal order.
<orderfile> is parsed as follows:
Blank lines are ignored, so they can be used as separators for readability.
Lines starting with a hash ("
") are ignored, so they can be used for comments. Add a backslash ("\
") to the beginning of the pattern if it starts with a hash. -
Each other line contains a single pattern.
Patterns have the same syntax and semantics as patterns used for fnmatch(3) without the FNM_PATHNAME flag, except a pathname also matches a pattern if removing any number of the final pathname components matches the pattern. For example, the pattern "
" matches "fooasdfbar
" and "foo/bar/baz/asdf
" but not "foobarx
". -
- --skip-to=<file>
- --rotate-to=<file>
Discard the files before the named <file> from the output (i.e. skip to), or move them to the end of the output (i.e. rotate to). These were invented primarily for use of the
git difftool
command, and may not be very useful otherwise. - -R
Swap two inputs; that is, show differences from index or on-disk file to tree contents.
- --relative[=<path>]
- --no-relative
When run from a subdirectory of the project, it can be told to exclude changes outside the directory and show pathnames relative to it with this option. When you are not in a subdirectory (e.g. in a bare repository), you can name which subdirectory to make the output relative to by giving a <path> as an argument.
can be used to countermand bothdiff.relative
config option and previous--relative
. - -a
- --text
Treat all files as text.
- --ignore-cr-at-eol
Ignore carriage-return at the end of line when doing a comparison.
- --ignore-space-at-eol
Ignore changes in whitespace at EOL.
- -b
- --ignore-space-change
Ignore changes in amount of whitespace. This ignores whitespace at line end, and considers all other sequences of one or more whitespace characters to be equivalent.
- -w
- --ignore-all-space
Ignore whitespace when comparing lines. This ignores differences even if one line has whitespace where the other line has none.
- --ignore-blank-lines
Ignore changes whose lines are all blank.
- -I<regex>
- --ignore-matching-lines=<regex>
Ignore changes whose all lines match <regex>. This option may be specified more than once.
- --inter-hunk-context=<lines>
Show the context between diff hunks, up to the specified number of lines, thereby fusing hunks that are close to each other. Defaults to
or 0 if the config option is unset. - -W
- --function-context
Show whole function as context lines for each change. The function names are determined in the same way as
git diff
works out patch hunk headers (see Defining a custom hunk-header in gitattributes[5]). - --exit-code
Make the program exit with codes similar to diff(1). That is, it exits with 1 if there were differences and 0 means no differences.
- --quiet
Disable all output of the program. Implies
. - --ext-diff
Allow an external diff helper to be executed. If you set an external diff driver with gitattributes[5], you need to use this option with git-log[1] and friends.
- --no-ext-diff
Disallow external diff drivers.
- --textconv
- --no-textconv
Allow (or disallow) external text conversion filters to be run when comparing binary files. See gitattributes[5] for details. Because textconv filters are typically a one-way conversion, the resulting diff is suitable for human consumption, but cannot be applied. For this reason, textconv filters are enabled by default only for git-diff[1] and git-log[1], but not for git-format-patch[1] or diff plumbing commands.
- --ignore-submodules[=<when>]
Ignore changes to submodules in the diff generation. <when> can be either "none", "untracked", "dirty" or "all", which is the default. Using "none" will consider the submodule modified when it either contains untracked or modified files or its HEAD differs from the commit recorded in the superproject and can be used to override any settings of the ignore option in git-config[1] or gitmodules[5]. When "untracked" is used submodules are not considered dirty when they only contain untracked content (but they are still scanned for modified content). Using "dirty" ignores all changes to the work tree of submodules, only changes to the commits stored in the superproject are shown (this was the behavior until 1.7.0). Using "all" hides all changes to submodules.
- --src-prefix=<prefix>
Show the given source prefix instead of "a/".
- --dst-prefix=<prefix>
Show the given destination prefix instead of "b/".
- --no-prefix
Do not show any source or destination prefix.
- --line-prefix=<prefix>
Prepend an additional prefix to every line of output.
- --ita-invisible-in-index
By default entries added by "git add -N" appear as an existing empty file in "git diff" and a new file in "git diff --cached". This option makes the entry appear as a new file in "git diff" and non-existent in "git diff --cached". This option could be reverted with
. Both options are experimental and could be removed in future.
For more detailed explanation on these common options, see also gitdiffcore[7].
- -1 --base
- -2 --ours
- -3 --theirs
Compare the working tree with the "base" version (stage #1), "our branch" (stage #2) or "their branch" (stage #3). The index contains these stages only for unmerged entries i.e. while resolving conflicts. See git-read-tree[1] section "3-Way Merge" for detailed information.
- -0
Omit diff output for unmerged entries and just show "Unmerged". Can be used only when comparing the working tree with the index.
- <path>…
The <paths> parameters, when given, are used to limit the diff to the named paths (you can give directory names and get diff for all files under them).
Raw output format
The raw output format from "git-diff-index", "git-diff-tree", "git-diff-files" and "git diff --raw" are very similar.
These commands all compare two sets of things; what is compared differs:
- git-diff-index <tree-ish>
compares the <tree-ish> and the files on the filesystem.
- git-diff-index --cached <tree-ish>
compares the <tree-ish> and the index.
- git-diff-tree [-r] <tree-ish-1> <tree-ish-2> [<pattern>…]
compares the trees named by the two arguments.
- git-diff-files [<pattern>…]
compares the index and the files on the filesystem.
The "git-diff-tree" command begins its output by printing the hash of what is being compared. After that, all the commands print one output line per changed file.
An output line is formatted this way:
in-place edit :100644 100644 bcd1234 0123456 M file0 copy-edit :100644 100644 abcd123 1234567 C68 file1 file2 rename-edit :100644 100644 abcd123 1234567 R86 file1 file3 create :000000 100644 0000000 1234567 A file4 delete :100644 000000 1234567 0000000 D file5 unmerged :000000 000000 0000000 0000000 U file6
That is, from the left to the right:
a colon.
mode for "src"; 000000 if creation or unmerged.
a space.
mode for "dst"; 000000 if deletion or unmerged.
a space.
sha1 for "src"; 0{40} if creation or unmerged.
a space.
sha1 for "dst"; 0{40} if creation, unmerged or "look at work tree".
a space.
status, followed by optional "score" number.
a tab or a NUL when
option is used. -
path for "src"
a tab or a NUL when
option is used; only exists for C or R. -
path for "dst"; only exists for C or R.
an LF or a NUL when
option is used, to terminate the record.
Possible status letters are:
A: addition of a file
C: copy of a file into a new one
D: deletion of a file
M: modification of the contents or mode of a file
R: renaming of a file
T: change in the type of the file
U: file is unmerged (you must complete the merge before it can be committed)
X: "unknown" change type (most probably a bug, please report it)
Status letters C and R are always followed by a score (denoting the percentage of similarity between the source and target of the move or copy). Status letter M may be followed by a score (denoting the percentage of dissimilarity) for file rewrites.
<sha1> is shown as all 0's if a file is new on the filesystem and it is out of sync with the index.
:100644 100644 5be4a4a 0000000 M file.c
Without the -z
option, pathnames with "unusual" characters are
quoted as explained for the configuration variable core.quotePath
(see git-config[1]). Using -z
the filename is output
verbatim and the line is terminated by a NUL byte.
diff format for merges
"git-diff-tree", "git-diff-files" and "git-diff --raw"
can take -c
or --cc
to generate diff output also for merge commits. The output differs
from the format described above in the following way:
there is a colon for each parent
there are more "src" modes and "src" sha1
status is concatenated status characters for each parent
no optional "score" number
tab-separated pathname(s) of the file
For -c
and --cc
, only the destination or final path is shown even
if the file was renamed on any side of history. With
, the name of the path in each parent is shown
followed by the name of the path in the merge commit.
Examples for -c
and --cc
without --combined-all-paths
::100644 100644 100644 fabadb8 cc95eb0 4866510 MM desc.c ::100755 100755 100755 52b7a2d 6d1ac04 d2ac7d7 RM bar.sh ::100644 100644 100644 e07d6c5 9042e82 ee91881 RR phooey.c
Examples when --combined-all-paths
added to either -c
or --cc
::100644 100644 100644 fabadb8 cc95eb0 4866510 MM desc.c desc.c desc.c ::100755 100755 100755 52b7a2d 6d1ac04 d2ac7d7 RM foo.sh bar.sh bar.sh ::100644 100644 100644 e07d6c5 9042e82 ee91881 RR fooey.c fuey.c phooey.c
Note that combined diff lists only files which were modified from all parents.
Generating patch text with -p
git-diff-tree[1], or
with the -p
option produces patch text.
You can customize the creation of patch text via the
and the GIT_DIFF_OPTS
environment variables
(see git[1]), and the diff
attribute (see gitattributes[5]).
What the -p option produces is slightly different from the traditional diff format:
It is preceded with a "git diff" header that looks like this:
diff --git a/file1 b/file2
filenames are the same unless rename/copy is involved. Especially, even for a creation or a deletion,/dev/null
is not used in place of thea/
filenames.When rename/copy is involved,
show the name of the source file of the rename/copy and the name of the file that rename/copy produces, respectively. -
It is followed by one or more extended header lines:
old mode <mode> new mode <mode> deleted file mode <mode> new file mode <mode> copy from <path> copy to <path> rename from <path> rename to <path> similarity index <number> dissimilarity index <number> index <hash>..<hash> <mode>
File modes are printed as 6-digit octal numbers including the file type and file permission bits.
Path names in extended headers do not include the
prefixes.The similarity index is the percentage of unchanged lines, and the dissimilarity index is the percentage of changed lines. It is a rounded down integer, followed by a percent sign. The similarity index value of 100% is thus reserved for two equal files, while 100% dissimilarity means that no line from the old file made it into the new one.
The index line includes the blob object names before and after the change. The <mode> is included if the file mode does not change; otherwise, separate lines indicate the old and the new mode.
Pathnames with "unusual" characters are quoted as explained for the configuration variable
(see git-config[1]). -
All the
files in the output refer to files before the commit, and all thefile2
files refer to files after the commit. It is incorrect to apply each change to each file sequentially. For example, this patch will swap a and b:diff --git a/a b/b rename from a rename to b diff --git a/b b/a rename from b rename to a
Hunk headers mention the name of the function to which the hunk applies. See "Defining a custom hunk-header" in gitattributes[5] for details of how to tailor to this to specific languages.
Combined diff format
Any diff-generating command can take the -c
or --cc
option to
produce a combined diff when showing a merge. This is the default
format when showing merges with git-diff[1] or
git-show[1]. Note also that you can give suitable
option to any of these commands to force generation of
diffs in specific format.
A "combined diff" format looks like this:
diff --combined describe.c index fabadb8,cc95eb0..4866510 --- a/describe.c +++ b/describe.c @@@ -98,20 -98,12 +98,20 @@@ return (a_date > b_date) ? -1 : (a_date == b_date) ? 0 : 1; } - static void describe(char *arg) -static void describe(struct commit *cmit, int last_one) ++static void describe(char *arg, int last_one) { + unsigned char sha1[20]; + struct commit *cmit; struct commit_list *list; static int initialized = 0; struct commit_name *n; + if (get_sha1(arg, sha1) < 0) + usage(describe_usage); + cmit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1); + if (!cmit) + usage(describe_usage); + if (!initialized) { initialized = 1; for_each_ref(get_name);
It is preceded with a "git diff" header, that looks like this (when the
option is used):diff --combined file
or like this (when the
option is used):diff --cc file
It is followed by one or more extended header lines (this example shows a merge with two parents):
index <hash>,<hash>..<hash> mode <mode>,<mode>..<mode> new file mode <mode> deleted file mode <mode>,<mode>
mode <mode>,<mode>..<mode>
line appears only if at least one of the <mode> is different from the rest. Extended headers with information about detected contents movement (renames and copying detection) are designed to work with diff of two <tree-ish> and are not used by combined diff format. -
It is followed by two-line from-file/to-file header
--- a/file +++ b/file
Similar to two-line header for traditional unified diff format,
is used to signal created or deleted files.However, if the --combined-all-paths option is provided, instead of a two-line from-file/to-file you get a N+1 line from-file/to-file header, where N is the number of parents in the merge commit
--- a/file --- a/file --- a/file +++ b/file
This extended format can be useful if rename or copy detection is active, to allow you to see the original name of the file in different parents.
Chunk header format is modified to prevent people from accidentally feeding it to
patch -p1
. Combined diff format was created for review of merge commit changes, and was not meant to be applied. The change is similar to the change in the extended index header:@@@ <from-file-range> <from-file-range> <to-file-range> @@@
There are (number of parents + 1)
characters in the chunk header for combined diff format.
Unlike the traditional unified diff format, which shows two
files A and B with a single column that has -
(minus — appears in A but removed in B), +
(plus — missing in A but
added to B), or " "
(space — unchanged) prefix, this format
compares two or more files file1, file2,… with one file X, and
shows how X differs from each of fileN. One column for each of
fileN is prepended to the output line to note how X's line is
different from it.
character in the column N means that the line appears in
fileN but it does not appear in the result. A +
in the column N means that the line appears in the result,
and fileN does not have that line (in other words, the line was
added, from the point of view of that parent).
In the above example output, the function signature was changed
from both files (hence two -
removals from both file1 and
file2, plus ++
to mean one line that was added does not appear
in either file1 or file2). Also eight other lines are the same
from file1 but do not appear in file2 (hence prefixed with +
When shown by git diff-tree -c
, it compares the parents of a
merge commit with the merge result (i.e. file1..fileN are the
parents). When shown by git diff-files -c
, it compares the
two unresolved merge parents with the working tree file
(i.e. file1 is stage 2 aka "our version", file2 is stage 3 aka
"their version").
other diff formats
The --summary
option describes newly added, deleted, renamed and
copied files. The --stat
option adds diffstat(1) graph to the
output. These options can be combined with other options, such as
, and are meant for human consumption.
When showing a change that involves a rename or a copy, --stat
formats the pathnames compactly by combining common prefix and suffix of
the pathnames. For example, a change that moves arch/i386/Makefile
while modifying 4 lines will be shown like this:
arch/{i386 => x86}/Makefile | 4 +--
The --numstat
option gives the diffstat(1) information but is designed
for easier machine consumption. An entry in --numstat
output looks
like this:
1 2 README 3 1 arch/{i386 => x86}/Makefile
That is, from left to right:
the number of added lines;
a tab;
the number of deleted lines;
a tab;
pathname (possibly with rename/copy information);
a newline.
When -z
output option is in effect, the output is formatted this way:
1 2 README NUL 3 1 NUL arch/i386/Makefile NUL arch/x86/Makefile NUL
That is:
the number of added lines;
a tab;
the number of deleted lines;
a tab;
a NUL (only exists if renamed/copied);
pathname in preimage;
a NUL (only exists if renamed/copied);
pathname in postimage (only exists if renamed/copied);
a NUL.
The extra NUL
before the preimage path in renamed case is to allow
scripts that read the output to tell if the current record being read is
a single-path record or a rename/copy record without reading ahead.
After reading added and deleted lines, reading up to NUL
would yield
the pathname, but if that is NUL
, the record will show two paths.
- Various ways to check your working tree
$ git diff (1) $ git diff --cached (2) $ git diff HEAD (3)
Changes in the working tree not yet staged for the next commit.
Changes between the index and your last commit; what you would be committing if you run
git commit
option. -
Changes in the working tree since your last commit; what you would be committing if you run
git commit -a
- Comparing with arbitrary commits
$ git diff test (1) $ git diff HEAD -- ./test (2) $ git diff HEAD^ HEAD (3)
Instead of using the tip of the current branch, compare with the tip of "test" branch.
Instead of comparing with the tip of "test" branch, compare with the tip of the current branch, but limit the comparison to the file "test".
Compare the version before the last commit and the last commit.
- Comparing branches
$ git diff topic master (1) $ git diff topic..master (2) $ git diff topic...master (3)
Changes between the tips of the topic and the master branches.
Same as above.
Changes that occurred on the master branch since when the topic branch was started off it.
- Limiting the diff output
$ git diff --diff-filter=MRC (1) $ git diff --name-status (2) $ git diff arch/i386 include/asm-i386 (3)
Show only modification, rename, and copy, but not addition or deletion.
Show only names and the nature of change, but not actual diff output.
Limit diff output to named subtrees.
- Munging the diff output
$ git diff --find-copies-harder -B -C (1) $ git diff -R (2)
Spend extra cycles to find renames, copies and complete rewrites (very expensive).
Output diff in reverse.
Part of the git[1] suite


text:
Remington Model 11 -12 Gauge Fiber Cushion Rivet.
Above is a reference image to show the general condition of the parts we have in stock. Due to the nature of the used parts industry, there may be some variation in wear and finish. If you have any questions or concerns, please send an email through our contact us page or use the link below.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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Always on-trend in a beautiful contemporary style, the look of Colombia is simple but chic. Ideal for a styled, contemporary workspace or living room, this collection features a geometric dance of squares with a slight shimmer to them, that catch the eye and draw you in. Hand-knotted by craftsperson using New Zealand wool and viscose, this rug is available in several luxe hues and optional sizes.
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Return Freight to be paid by customer.
All Returns must be co-ordinated with Mat Living in order to receive a full refund.
All Products must be returned in the original or equivalent packaging
To setup a return please email: email@example.com
You should expect to receive your refund within four weeks of giving your package to the return shipper, however, in many cases you will receive a refund more quickly. This time period includes the transit time for us to receive your return from the shipper (5 to 10 business days), the time it takes us to process your return once we receive it (3 to 5 business days), and the time it takes your bank to process our refund request (5 to 10 business days).
If you need to return an item, simply login to your account, view the order using the "Complete Orders" link under the My Account menu and click the Return Item(s) button. We'll notify you via e-mail of your refund once we've received and processed the returned item.
We can ship to virtually any address in the world. Note that there are restrictions on some products, and some products cannot be shipped to international destinations.
When you place an order, we will estimate shipping and delivery dates for you based on the availability of your items and the shipping options you choose. Depending on the shipping provider you choose, shipping date estimates may appear on the shipping quotes page.
Please also note that the shipping rates for many items we sell are weight-based. The weight of any such item can be found on its detail page. To reflect the policies of the shipping companies we use, all weights will be rounded up to the next full pound.


text:
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text:
The online retailer Newegg has lost a patent case centering on Web encryption, after a Texas jury rejected its argument that a claim from the company TQP Development was invalid. The jury ordered Newegg to pay $2.3 million — less than half the damages TQP had sought.
The result is a resounding victory for TQP, widely seen as a "nonpracticing entity" whose sole source of income is settlements and legal fees related to its patents. Retailers and others often term such firms "patent trolls," as NPR reported this summer.
The verdict could also send a chill through other companies that might consider fighting TQP's claims, particularly because Newegg is seen as a consistent opponent of patent trolls. The patent in question relates to a common method of securing customers' privacy in online banking and commerce.
TQP has previously wielded the patent, which it acquired in 2006, to extract more than $40 million in settlements from Microsoft, Amazon, and scores of other companies. Newegg says it will appeal the verdict, which followed several cryptography experts' testimony on its behalf.
One of those experts was a pioneer in public cryptography, Whitfield Diffie, who on Friday generated one of the trial's most memorable exchanges. It was highlighted by Ars Technica, which has followed Newegg's crusade to fight patent trolls.
The speakers quoted below are Newegg attorney Alan Albright and Diffie:
"We've heard a good bit in this courtroom about public key encryption," said Albright. "Are you familiar with that?"
"Yes, I am," said Diffie, in what surely qualified as the biggest understatement of the trial.
"And how is it that you're familiar with public key encryption?"
"I invented it."
Diffie went on to say that the patent belonging to TQP wasn't valid, as it dealt with an established methods of encoding information — in the case of the patent, over a modem.
Testimony in the patent case has traced milestones in cryptography, as each side sought to portray the evolution of Web encryption. Key topics range from a cipher that was included in early Lotus Notes software to work on encryption performed in the 1960s and '70s by employees at Britain's intelligence agency, GCHQ.
Under questioning from TQP lawyer Marc Fenster that Ars Technica described as "a stunning attack," Diffie acknowledged that the work of Britain's spy agency covered some of the same terrain as his own ideas. He also discussed the nuances involved in recognizing breakthroughs in cryptography, particularly among researchers whose goals are markedly different.
Newegg rested its case after Diffie's testimony without calling a witness to comment on the question of potential damages, a move that suggests the retailer was confident of its chances of winning.
As for the patent being enforced by TQP, the GigaOm website explains the background:
"U.S. Patent 5412730 (the '730 patent) was filed in 1992... and granted in 1995 to one Michael Jones, at the time of a company called Telequip. It now belongs to TQP Development, an outfit established by Erich Spangenberg for the sole purpose of extracting cash from companies that allegedly infringe on its claims. Such outfits are officially known as 'non-practicing entities' and unofficially as 'trolls'."
"We respectfully disagree with the verdict that the jury reached tonight," Newegg Chief Legal Officer Lee Cheng tells Ars Technica. "We fully intend, as we did in the Soverain case, to take this case up on appeal and vindicate our rights."
Newegg has taken a hard-line stance against "patent trolls," refusing to pay settlement fees to avoid legal action. In a previous case, the electronics and computer retailer won an appeal against Soverain, another patent troll that had won millions in settlements from dozens of companies.
In that case, Soverain had insisted it held a patent for e-tail shopping carts. After an initial ruling ordering the retail to pay $2.5 million to Soverain, Newegg won an appeal — in part by introducing as evidence "a magazine ad from CompuServe bragging about an electronic mall" dating from 1984, as Daily Tech reported in January.
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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For the best experience, we recommend you take the following steps before contacting a dealership:
Step 1 | Confirm that you have a place to charge your EV that is convenient, available and reliable. Most customers will charge overnight when power rates may be lowest. | |
Step 2 | If you are responsible for paying your power bill, check with your local utility to see which rate plan is best for you. Some utilities offer rate discounts and other generous incentives for EV drivers. Add utility incentives here | |
Step 3 | If you plan to charge at home, contact a qualified electrician to have your home's power supply evaluated. We always recommend charging your EV on a dedicated circuit used only for this purpose. Most circuits are shared. This means that the lines that supply power to your EV may also carry power to other household appliances. This can trip the circuit breaker and interrupt power. Add link to electricians here | |
Step 4 |
Consider your charging equipment options.
Your EV will come with a basic charger as standard equipment that plugs into a standard 110 volt household outlet. For EVs with 30 miles of all-electric range or less, this appliance is typically sufficient to charge your EV fully while you sleep. For anything more you might consider purchasing a 220 volt charger. This is called a "Level 2" charger and there are many options available on the market."
Some manufacturers offer preferred charging equipment. You are under no obligation to purchase the manufacturer's preferred brand. Feel free to shop around at electronics stores or online retailers. You can also use the PlugStar charger finder to help you decide which is best for you based on the make and model of the EV(s) you are considering. |
Step 5 |
Consider your options for charging while away from home.
Online resources such as PlugShare or ChargeHub display charging stations in your local area and beyond. While some may be free to use, others are privately operated networks that require a subscription.
This is typically true of "fast charge" stations that most all-electric EVs (not plug-in hybrids) can take advantage of. Take a look at what's available where you travel most and decide whether you wish to enroll in any of these networks. Many supply a card that you swipe or wave in front of the charger to unlock it for use. You may also be able to use the network's smartphone app to do the same. Add link to charging networks here | |
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Personalised Wishes for Fairy With Name: Happy Birthday Fairy Flower Purple
Mobile Tip To share Image Status: To Share this image to Social networks such as SnapChat, Instagram,... Tap the image and hold for few seconds to get the sharing menu. Alternatively you can download this picture⇩ to gallery and share.
Use Sharing buttons located below the image to share on Facebook, Google+, Twitter, Whatsapp
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How to get PBS KIDS Games game for your Mac?
PBS KIDS Games game download process for Mac is much similar to the Windows PC download process.
First, you watch for the game requirements on Mac.
The next step is checking your Mac specifications. Go to the MacBook - Hardware and see all the hardware specifications.
Check if there enough free space for downloading the game on your Mac. Go to the MacBook - Hardware - Storage and see all the storage specifications information there.
If everything matched, you can proceed to download PBS KIDS Games game. Click on the "GET MAC VERSION" button under the app button.
You will be redirected to the official game download page. There you can get PBS KIDS Games game by following the instruction on the site. Usually, it considers selecting the OS and then buying the game by clicking the "Buy the game" or "Add to cart" button on the store.
If any problem during the download on your Mac occurred, you can connect us and report about the issue.


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Picking Up Perl - CVS Repositories
Browsing the CVS Repository
You can browse the CVS repository of this group with your web browser. This gives you a good picture of the current status of the source files. You can also view the complete history of any file in the repository as well as differences among two versions.
Getting a Copy of the CVS Repository
Anonymous CVS Access
This project's CVS repository can be checked out through anonymous CVS with the following instruction set. The module you wish to check out must be specified as the <modulename>.
Software repository:
cvs -z3 -d:pserver:email@example.com:/sources/pup co pup
With other project modules:
cvs -z3 -d:pserver:email@example.com:/sources/pup co <modulename>
Webpage repository:
cvs -z3 -d:pserver:firstname.lastname@example.com:/web/pup co pup
Hint: When you update your working copy from within the
module's directory (with cvs update
) you do not need the
option anymore. Simply use
cvs update cvs -qn update
to preview and status check.
Group member CVS access via SSH
Member access is performed using the CVS over SSH method. The pserver method can only be used for anonymous access.
The SSHv2 public key fingerprints for the machine hosting the CVS trees are:
1024 MD5:80:5a:b0:0c:ec:93:66:29:49:7e:04:2b:fd:ba:2c:d5 (RSA) 1024 SHA256:FYkx0iik+iBeCLRzvUyUSTRT98TEBBJoYuQsTXbyGL8 (RSA) 256 MD5:65:b8:1c:2f:82:7c:0e:39:e1:4a:63:f2:13:10:e8:9c (ECDSA) 256 SHA256:qRLLJ4w/GAeiDyYnbx4yWJbZXwGiYYxgNty7lAfUyuM (ECDSA) 256 MD5:14:7b:c8:98:dd:06:08:97:8c:00:9d:d2:ae:85:c8:82 (ED25519) 256 SHA256:o/oI4CKKcWc4cZvDFEdmOXsE3tiPP8bWa04h4bQjtV4 (ED25519)
Software repository:
cvs -z3 -d:ext:<membername>@cvs.savannah.nongnu.org:/sources/pup co pup
With other project modules:
cvs -z3 -d:ext:<membername>@cvs.savannah.nongnu.org:/sources/pup co <modulename>
Webpage repository:
cvs -z3 -d:ext:<membername>@cvs.savannah.nongnu.org:/web/pup co pup
CVS Newbies
If you've never used CVS, you should read some documentation about it; a useful URL is https://www.nongnu.org/cvs/#documentation. Using CVS is not complex but you have to understand what is going on. The best way to start is to ask a friend to show you the way.
The basic information described further on this page is detailed in the Savannah user doc.
What are CVS modules?
The CVS repository of each project is divided into modules which you can
download separately. The list of existing modules for this project can be
obtained by looking at the root of the CVS repository; each
listed there is the name of a module, which can substitute
the generic <modulename> used below in the examples of the
command of CVS. Note that .
(dot) is always also
a valid module name which stands for "all available modules" in a project. Most
projects have a module with the same name of the project, where the main
software development takes place.
The same applies to the Webpage Repository.
Import your CVS tree
If your project already has an existing CVS repository that you want to move to Savannah, make an appointment with us for the migration.
Symbolic Links in Webpage CVS
As a special feature in CVS web repositories (only), a file named .symlinks can be put in any directory where you want to make symbolic links. Each line of the file lists a real file name followed by the name of the symbolic link. The symbolic links are built twice an hour. More information in GNU Webmastering Guidelines.
Powered by Savane 3.13-8484.
Corresponding source code


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Serving globetrotting anglers since 2001
Founded in 2001, Chicago Fly Fishing Outfitters (AKA "Chi-Fly" )caters to one of the most passionate, discerning and diverse group of globe-trotting fly anglers found anywhere! You will find a comprehensive inventory of everything fly fishing, including destination travel arrangements. We have what you need to outfit your next adventure and the first hand expertise to do it right the first time!
James Prosek


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Military Book Club ranks first for David Porter Selection.
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The new BOMC2 Club is the old Zooba book club. It is the latest service by Book-of-the-Month featuring the newest hardcover bestsellers for $9.95 each with free shipping on every order.
Quality Paperback Book Club features an entire library of hard-hitting nonfiction and cutting-edge fiction. As a member you'll save up to 45% off publishers' edition prices on all paperback books, get exclusive editions, and shop early soft cover editions 6 months before anyone else.


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It's quick, easy and (best of all) it's free.
The Skin Experts
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This standing heart spray is a beautiful symbol of your undying love. Blue and white flowers such as roses, delphinium, carnations and more Open heart with oasis in mache, tied to the wire easel with satin ribbon Sent directly to the funeral home by family and friends Our florists use only the freshest flowers available so colors and varieties may vary Measures approximately 28"H x 28"L
Order by 1:00 PM PST for same day pickup or delivery!
* Fee charged in addition to the Standard Delivery Fee
Enter full name. We'll ask for delivery information at checkout.


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Retractable Banner Stands
Banner stands offer arguably the best value for any type of display. They are highly portable, easy to set up, customizable with graphics and accessories and are fast and inexpensive to ship.
Highly versatile, they can fit well in any size exhibit and can be used in a multitude of events and environments, such as meeting rooms, lobbies, trade shows and conferences, restaurants, airports, retail spaces and more! Banner stands can easily add branding and messaging in any space, no matter the size.
Browse a wide variety of stylish, quality banner stands - from retractable (roll up style), telescopic (variable height), spring back (X-banner style), fabric frame banners and backlit banner stands. All banner stand graphics are printed using state-of-the-art printing equipment and processes, ensuring that your graphics and message pop!
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Find the perfect banner stand today!
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The premium range of retractable banner stands come with a lifetime warranty and unique, high-end styling points, features and functionality; these stands can be used daily and are meant to last.
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Make your messaging stand out from the competition. Vector Frame backlit displays use LED strip lighting to provide bright, effective messaging that delivers an impact in retail, events, trade shows and more!


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Compare Petplan Ultimate vs MORE TH>N Accident Only
The Ultimate policy from Petplan is a Lifetime pet insurance policy, and the Accident Only policy from MORE TH>N is an Accident Only pet insurance policy, with the Petplan Ultimate policy providing £12,000 vet fees cover per year, and the MORE TH>N Accident Only policy providing £2,500 vet fees cover per accident. Compare the various benefits of each policy below, and see which provides the cover that best matches your requirements.
Compare Another Two Pet Insurance Policies
Select the two policies you want to compare, then click -> Compare
Please select two policies to compare
Benefit | Covered | Benefit Limits | Covered | Benefit Limits | |
Policy Details The amount this policy will cover for treatment per condition or year, depending on the policy type. Time Limited policies provide 12 months of cover from the start of the incident. Maximum Benefit policies will pay out up to a set limit per condition, but once you reach this limit you can no longer claim for this condition. Lifetime policies provide cover for ongoing conditions as long as the policy is renewed each year. Some insurers will not allow you to take out a new policy once your pet reaches a certain age. Some insurers can arrange to pay your vet directly, rather than you having to pay the vet upfront, and then claim the fees back from the insurer. |
Petplan Ultimate | MORE TH>N Accident Only | |||
Vet Fees Limit | £12,000 per Year | £2,500 per Accident | |||
Policy Type | Lifetime | Accident Only | |||
Policy Underwriter | Allianz Insurance | RSA | |||
Covers Older Pets | |||||
Pays Vet Directly | |||||
Treatment Cover In addition to the standard vet fees cover, some policies will also cover complementary and dental treatment, and also other treatment fees too, including treating behavioural illness. Complementary treatment includes cover for treatments such as acupuncture, homeopathy, chiropractic manipulation, hydrotherapy, osteopathy and physiotherapy. Some policies will limit the number of hydrotherapy sessions per condition. Dental treatment is sometimes limited to treating an injury caused by an accident. It can also be on condition that your pet has a yearly dental examination carried out by a vet. Farewell cover will pay out for the costs of putting your pet to sleep, as well as related burial or cremation costs. Some policies will pay for food recommended by your vet in order to treat a condition. |
Complementary | £2,000 | ||||
Dental Illness Cover | Up to vet fees limit | Injury Only | |||
Farewell Cover | £150 | ||||
Food | (see notes) | ||||
Death or Loss Cover for death by illness or injury will pay the purchase/donation price of your pet if it dies from illness or injury. Most policies will not pay for death by illness once a pet reaches a specified age. Lost or stolen pet cover will pay out the purchase/donation price of your pet if it is permanently lost or stolen and not recovered despite the use of the advertising and reward cover. Some policies will cover the costs of local advertising and for offering a suitable reward for the recovery of your pet if it is lost or stolen. |
Death from Illness/Injury | £2,000 | ||||
Lost or Stolen Pet | £2,000 | £1,000 | |||
Advertising & Reward | £2,000 | £1,000 | |||
Travel and Holidays Some policies will provide cover for vet fees if your pet is injured or becomes ill during your trip abroad, if you comply with the United Kingdom Government Pet Travel Scheme, also known as PETS. Emergency Expenses will pay for additional transport and accommodation costs should you need to make special arrangements to get your pet home, or if your pet is unable to travel until after your scheduled date of travel home. If you have to cancel a holiday because your pet is lost, or becomes ill or is injured shortly before you are due to travel, then some policies will pay the costs of any lost travel and accommodation expenses. Lost Health Certificate cover will pay for replacement documents if you lose and need to replace the original Pet Travel Scheme health certificate during a trip, or if your pet's microchip fails meaning a new certificate is required. Quarantine cover will pay out for the costs of putting your pet into quarantine if your pet is unable to travel due to illness, or because of a failure of the microchip. Some policies will pay out for a repeat of worming treatment if your return back to the UK is delayed by your carrier. |
Vet Fees Abroad | 90 Days | Emergency Expenses | £500 | ||
Holiday Cancellation | £2,000 | ||||
Lost Health Certificate | incl in Quarantine | ||||
Quarantine Costs | £1,500 | ||||
Worming | |||||
Emergency Care Emergency Boarding cover will pay for your pet to be boarded in a licensed kennel or cattery if you or a member of your family has to stay in hospital (usually for more than 4 days). Emergency Pet Minding cover will pay for someone to look after your pet if you or a member of your family has to stay in hospital (usually for more than 4 days). |
Boarding Costs | £2,000 | ||||
Pet Minder | £2,000 | ||||
Other Benefits Accidental Damage cover will pay out if your pet damages some else's property, even if you are not legally liable for the damage. If you have more than one pet, then insurers who offer multi-pet discounts could save you money. Online discounts will apply to the first year of cover if you take out the policy online. While a large discount may be attractive, you should bear in mind that the policy costs will increase if you renew the policy after the first year. Third Party Liability applies to dogs only, and will cover damages and legal costs to others that you are legally liable to pay, if your dog causes death or injury to a person, or loss or damage to their property. As an additional benefit, some policies provide free access to Legal, or 24 hour vet advice helplines. |
Accidental Damage | £500 | ||||
Multi-Pet Discount | £12 a year per pet | 20% | |||
Online Discount | 10% | 25% | |||
Third Party Liability | £3 million | £0.5 million | Legal Helpline | ||
24h Vet Helpline | |||||
Additional Information | Get QuoteMore Info | Get QuoteMore Info |


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Digital Consultancy
We've developed an approach to shaping digital strategies for our clients that result in defining prioritized, cost-effective solutions that deliver a measurable Return on Investment (ROI).
Digital Consultancy aims to define a tight, digital strategy that focuses on driving your key commercial goals. Raising your profile, boosting revenue, increasing efficiency, reducing cost, training your staff and communicating better with your customers are only a few of the business priorities vital to any company's success. In order to avoid spending extra money for little return, you need a complex yet effective strategy.
Digital Consultancy is an invaluable option for those not looking to completely outsource solutions for their business. It can help provide in-house teams with training and development assistance as well as remove some ad-hoc duties.
We take pride in our deep industry knowledge and experience in providing today's leading digital and creative solutions. We provide our clients with industrial, technical, and creative experience that continuously delivers the outstanding results they've come to expect.
In order to receive a thorough understanding of your product, service, customers, company needs and/or business goals, our digital consultants can offer group interviews with you and your team members. Our experts can assess the impact and effectiveness of your digital technologies and even investigate what your competitors are doing well. Our team can then identify KPIs for further measurement and evaluation of your online strategy for success. They also take part in shaping and prioritizing solutions that will provide optimum impact and effectiveness to suit your budget, time restraints and internal resources.
In addition to our aforementioned services, our professional team can also create insight into your company by profiling consumer personas, tracking customer behaviors and observing how consumers interact with your brand. This research enables us to better understand which brand touch-points are significant to your customers and how we can help influence them throughout their "consumer journey".
We can provide each of our services individually or in conjunction with other services within the Digital Consultancy.
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Material - acrylic
Colour - green, blue and white
Ink - gold
***Warning - Dice are a choking Hazard - Not suitable for children under 3 years due to small parts***
We aim to ship all orders within 5 working days and do everything we can to keep the shipping costs as low as possible.
Average UK delivery times should be within 3 working days of shipping and International orders should be delivered within 10 working days of shipping. However given the large amount of things that can affect postal delivery we ask our UK customers allow 10 days for delivery and our international customers allows 30 days.


text: "What an astonishing thing a book is. It's a flat object made from a tree with flexible parts on which are imprinted lots of funny dark squiggles. But one glance at it and you're inside the mind of another person, maybe somebody dead for thousands of years. Across the millennia, an author is speaking clearly and silently inside your head, directly to you. Writing is perhaps the greatest of human inventions, binding together people who never knew each other, citizens of distant epochs. Books break the shackles of time. A book is proof that humans are capable of working magic."


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Dr. Susan Smith Jones
Holistic Health Expert
Author of 27 Books
Copyright © 1998–2024 Penn Herb Company, Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
The information on this website is not intended as a substitute for the medical recommendations of a physician. Rather, it is intended for educational and informational purposes only. Please see a qualified healthcare professional if you have questions regarding your health. The statements on this website have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. The products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. This web site contains links to web sites operated by other parties. Such links are provided for your convenience and reference only. We are not responsible for the contents of any linked site or any link contained in a linked site. We reserve the right to cancel any order at any time.


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FSBO property listings are one option for homeowners in Pittsburgh. "Let's sell it ourselves and save all of those real estate agent commission fees for ourselves!" Sounds great, right? When it comes to FSBO listings for sale by owner, going it alone isn't always the right move. The process of selling a home is much harder than it would appear. A 90 percent failure rate for FSBOs trying to sell their own home should give you pause, especially with such an important decision.
When you're ready to select the method you'll use to sell your home, which is likely one of your most significant financial assets, it's essential to have realistic expectations. We will explore five things you should know about Pittsburgh FSBO property listings.
Time and Toil
One thing you should know about Pittsburgh FSBO property listings take a lot of time and hard work. From scheduling appointments with professionals, such as inspectors and appraisers, through open houses and showing the property over and over, you may come to understand why real estate agents earn such high fees for their services.
Lower Offers
You should also know that Pittsburgh FSBO property listings tend to sell for less than if you had worked with an agent. Agents are on top of their game and understand how important it is to screen potential buyers and market the home properly. They also have excellent people skills. Because they aren't emotionally involved with the house, negotiations tend to have a better outcome. While your actual advertising efforts are critical in the results, so too is how the home presents during the showing.
Repairs are not something you can escape with Pittsburgh FSBO property listings. While you may not be aware of disclosure laws, learning this lesson the hard way could land you in legal hot water. Even if you don't make the repairs, the buyers are likely to counteroffer with extravagant discounts from your asking price for doing the work themselves.
Legalities and Paperwork
Paperwork. Quite often, sellers decide to work with a professional because the thought of doing all of the paperwork is overwhelming. Homeowners with Pittsburgh FSBO property listings take on a huge responsibility in making sure every contract and form submitted is legit. Failure on this front could mean a deal falls through and will cost you even more.
Holding Costs
You should also know about holding costs and how they can eat away at the profits of Pittsburgh FSBO property listings. Sadly, not having realistic expectations about what it takes in today's market to sell a home could leave the property lingering on the market. you'll be left with the mortgage payment and all other expenses to keep the property in saleable condition. Even an agent cannot tell you an exact closing date when listing a property on the Pittsburgh market.
The most important thing you should know about Pittsburgh FSBO property listings is that there is another option. Selling directly to The Guy Who Buys Houses is 100 percent successful for sellers. When you work with The Guy Who Buys Houses to sell your home, you still get to save the commissions for yourself! The Guy Who Buys Houses pays cash so that the closing can be in a matter of days.
We will go over all of the details of your property and any extenuating circumstances that may be pushing you to sell, helping you determine how much you would profit with a traditional home sale or a direct sale to The Guy Who Buys Houses. At The Guy Who Buys Houses, our goal is to help you make the most profit on your most important investment, your home. Feel free to ask The Guy Who Buys Houses any questions you may have with no obligations. Send us a message or call The Guy Who Buys Houses at 724-260-6072.


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Copyright 2024 © All rights Reserved.
Powered by VeryCreative.com
The way your teeth meet when your top and bottom jaws close down on top of each other is known as your 'bite'. If your teeth don't fit together properly, you could have malocclusion or 'bad bite', which can cause problems with your teeth, gums, the temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ) and the muscles in your face.
This misalignment, often referred to as TMJ disorder, can also cause some people to clench the jaw and grind their teeth at night. This can lead to facial pain, headaches, discomfort and clicking when biting or chewing, migraines as well as neck and shoulder pain, even back pain.
If you recognise any of these symptoms or suffer with these on a daily basis, you will need to see a dentist to treat your problems or refer you to a specialist if necessary.
In some cases, the treatment includes wearing a hard plastic appliance at night. This is made to measure and fitted onto your bite accurately, so that when you bite on it, your teeth are in a position where your muscles are relaxed. This also stops your teeth from becoming worn down by grinding and protects them. Depending on the origin and severity of your problem, you may need orthodontic treatment or maxillofacial surgery. Other solutions may include replacing missing teeth or adjusting any ill-fitting bridgework that you may have.
The important thing to do is see your dentist as soon as possible so your problem does not become worse over time and require more drastic measures to correct.
Hello, I'm Jenny
Hello, I'm Debbie
Monday 8:30am - 5:30pm
Tuesday 8:30am - 5:30pm
Wednesday 8:30am - 5:30pm
Thursday 8:30am - 5:30pm
Friday 8:30am - 5:00pm
Saturday Closed
Sunday Closed


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Bullied Teen Who Threatened Suicide on Instagram Saved by Thousand of Letters from Strangers
Noah Brocklebank thought no one in the world cared about him, but he soon discovered just the opposite.
The Columbia, Maryland boy has been besieged by thousands of messages of support after he had posted a photo on Instagram back in January with a note that read, "Day of scheduled suicide, February 8th, 2013, my birthday." Noah turned 13 on that day.
Fortunately, Noah was placed in a hospital for depression and anxiety. During that time, his mother, Karen, started a Facebook page asking people to write her son letters to let him know that "he matters and that it does get better."
Noah needs to know that he matters and that it does get better. So many people have been asking me how they can help. Well, this is how."
Karen explained that Noah has been a victim of bullying and "his self-esteem has disappeared." She opened up a PO box in the hopes some letters would come in, only to quickly learn that her pleas had touched a soft spot for so many because Noah received thousands of letters telling him to keep his chin up. In fact, the campaign to help Noah became something of a global mission because he received letters from people on every single continent, even Antarctica.
Noah seems to have learned a great deal from the experience, saying, "I was focused on the bad side of people, like the bullies. Then I realized there are caring people out there that can be my friends."
The campaign has been such a huge success that Karen has started a website called LettersForNoah.com to let more people write to him. In addition, she testified before the House Judiciary Committee to lend her support to the Cyberbullying Prevention Act.
Check out some more photos of Noah with his letters of support below.


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A "What to Expect" page can be very helpful because it is an opportunity to make newcomers comfortable enough to make their first visit. Link to it from your homepage or a prominent menu position. Here are some details to include.
- What are your services like?
- How long are they?
- What is your style of worship?
- What is typical attire?
- Is child care available? (don't overlook the importance of this)
You may want to insert a photo tour or produce a short welcome video (click for tips). See the example below from Josh Byers. Let your pastor say a word and/or give a quick Sunday morning tour. It's not absolutely necessary to have a video (a page with words and a photo or two is good) but it can give the website visitor a very real idea of what they'll be stepping into.
An alternative is to include these details on your services or location page. Read Content Your Church Website Must Have on the churchthemes.com blog for more tips.


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Allison-Kaufman Necklace D032-81347_W
Sale Price:
Mastercraft is your premier destination for engagement rings and wedding bands, featuring designers Verragio, Scott Kay, Gabriel & Co, Artcarved, J. Demere designs, Vassi and more!
Free men's wedding band up to $590 with all engagement ring purchases of $3,000 or more.
Search our vast inventory of certified mined and lab-grown loose diamonds.
Custom Design
Custom Design
If you can imagine it, we can create it, that's what we do! At Mastercraft Jewelers, custom design is the fine craft that has earned us 32 design awards, both national and international, and featured in distinguished industry publications.
Bring in a sketch or an idea and we will create a 3D CAD(computer-aided design) for you to collaborate with us on. After you approve the final image, we will guide you through the process until its completion- from wax to cast in the metal of your choice, eventually setting and finishing your artistic one-of-a-kind piece of jewelry. Visit our store today to begin your custom jewelry journey.
Interest Free Financing
Interest Free Financing
We offer up to 24 months interest free financing. Our flexible credit options allow you to take the item of your dreams home today! Please contact us email@example.com or 734-464-3555 for more information
Schedule An Appointment
Schedule An Appointment
Schedule an appointment with a Mastercraft Jewelers specialist before your visit for a custom shopping experience
Contact number: 734-464-3555
Email address: email@example.com
Share information about this beautiful piece.
Give them a hint about what you want.
Sign in to your account to track orders and view your order history.
Don't have an account? Enter your order number and email address below to track your order.


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Regular price £18.00 £15.00 17% off Sale
Product description:
Lines of black, grey, pebble and white in soft and stretchy light knitted fabric. Straight front with drapery effect. Full-instant, two loops. Adjustable length. Can be converted into a warm neck scarf. Very easy and comfortable to wear.
(When unfolded) average width 60 cm (24 "), length 200cm (78 ¾ ")
Soft and light stretchy acrylic. Breathable and moisture wicking. Use a mild detergent that contains no chlorine bleach. Hand or machine wash on a 'delicates' cycle (a cool and gentle wash cycle) and ensure that you set the machine for a very low spin at the end of the cycle.
Tumble dry low temperature or dry flat. Do not iron.
Whilst we try to depict the colour accurately, the actual colour may be different on your screen due to camera lighting or your computer settings. The product displayed on the mannequin head was used to show the pattern, not the size nor length, as the mannequin has a differently sized head and no shoulder.


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Fluids Capacities and Specifications
Many people saved thousands of dollars by doing some technical service procedures for their 1997 Chevrolet Venture by themselves. The easiest type of technical maintenance is changing engine oil, axles oil, manual and automatic transmission oil. Changing break fluid in 1997 Chevrolet Venture is also is a simple task. If you want to change engine oil, for instance, by yourself and save a couple of bucks you need to know how much this fluid engine oil is needed for 1997 Chevrolet Venture. If you fill engine or axles of your car with oil to the brim it may damage your vehicle engine or axles and void manufacturer warranty. Good news! We have this information and we give it to you for free.
Note: all capacities are approximate. When adding, be sure to fill to the appropriate level, as recommended in user manual for your 1997 Chevrolet Venture. Keep in mind that all information here is provided "as is" without any warranty of any kind.
Note: not all air conditioning refrigerants are the same. If the air conditioning system in your vehicle needs refrigerant, be sure the proper refrigerant is used. If you're not sure, ask your dealer.


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