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Configuring IS-IS Protocol
- Overview of OSI Protocols and IS-IS Routing
- Operation of IS-IS for CLNS/CLNP
- IP and OSI Routing with Integrated IS-IS
- Basic Integrated IS-IS Router Configuration
- Modeling WAN Networks in Integrated IS-IS
- Summary
- Configuration Exercise: Configuring a Multiarea IS-IS Network
- Answers to Configuration Exercise: Configuring a Multiarea IS-IS Network
This chapter is a supplement to the Cisco Press book Building Scalable Cisco Networks (ISBN 1-57870-228-3). It covers the IS-IS material in accordance with the latest version of Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks. This chapter was created to follow Chapter 4, "Interconnecting Multiple OSPF Areas." This placement is reflected in this chapter's starting assumption in the configuration exercise. This supplemental chapter is not meant to replace any material in the original book, but it should be read between Chapters 4 and 5 of the book.
In addition to this supplemental chapter, you will find online addenda to Appendixes D, G, H, and I. The addendum to Appendix D, "Summary of BSCN Router Commands," provides you with a descriptive list of the commands you will find in this chapter. The addendum to Appendix G, "Answers to the Review Questions," provides you with the answers to the review questions at the end of this chapter. The addendum to Appendix H, "Configuration Exercise Equipment Requirements and Backbone Configurations," provides the configuration commands for the backbone router for the configuration exercise at the end of this chapter. The addendum to Appendix I, "Glossary," provides a listing of some of the important terms and acronyms used in this chapter.
This chapter introduces the Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS) protocol. This chapter includes the following sections:
Overview of OSI Protocols and IS-IS Routing
Operation of IS-IS for CLNS/CLNP
IP and OSI Routing with Integrated IS-IS
Basic Integrated IS-IS Router Configuration
Modeling WAN Networks in Integrated IS-IS
Configuration Exercise: Configuring a Multiarea IS-IS Network
Answers to Configuration Exercise: Configuring a Multiarea IS-IS Network
Review Questions
This chapter provides an overview of Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS) technology and its structures and protocols. It also gives basic configuration examples. The chapter begins with Open System Interconnection (OSI) routing and then focuses on Integrated IS-IS, which supports IP routing. Basic IS-IS and Integrated IS-IS router configuration commands, examples, and some troubleshooting guidelines are presented. The major part of this chapter is dedicated to an explanation of IS-IS concepts and capabilities, including the hierarchy and addressing of OSI-based networks.
When you finish this chapter, you will be able to explain the basic OSI terminology and network layer protocols used in OSI, the way in which networks and interfaces are represented in IS-IS, the basic principles of area routing, and the use of IS-IS in nonbroadcast multiaccess (NBMA) environments. You will be able to identify similarities and differences between Integrated IS-IS and OSPF, as well as characteristics of an effective addressing plan for IS-IS deployment. You will be able to list the types of IS-IS routers along with their roles in IS-IS area design, and describe the hierarchical structure of IS-IS areas, the concept of establishing adjacencies, and the concepts of routing information and database synchronization. Finally, given a set of network requirements, you will be able to configure Integrated IS-IS and verify proper operation (within described guidelines) of Cisco routers.
Overview of OSI Protocols and IS-IS Routing
This section provides an overview of the OSI protocols and IS-IS routing.
OSI Protocols
ISO and OSI: What's the Difference?
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) was formed to develop standards for data networking. (As an interesting aside, note that the word ISO is Greek for "same.")
The Open System Interconnection (OSI) protocols represent an international standardization program that facilitates multivendor equipment interoperability.
The OSI protocols are part of an international program to develop data-networking protocols and other standards that facilitate multivendor equipment interoperability. The OSI program grew out of a need for international networking standards and is designed to facilitate communication between hardware and software systems despite differences in underlying architectures.
The ISO has been charged with developing standards for data networking.
The OSI specifications were conceived and implemented by two international standards organizations: the ISO and the International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T).
A Condensed History of IS-IS
IS-IS was ad hoc in its evolution, whereas OSPF was more formal:
1985: Originally called DECnet Phase V Routing
1988: Adopted by ISO and renamed IS-IS
1990: Publication of RFC 1142, "OSI IS-IS Intradomain Routing Protocol"
1990: Publication of RFC 1195, "Use of OSI IS-IS for Routing in TCP/IP and Dual Environments"
1991: Cisco IOS Software starts supporting IS-IS
1995: ISPs start adopting IS-IS
2000: Publication of IETF draft "IS-IS Extensions for Traffic Engineering"
2001: Publication of IETF draft "IS-IS Extensions in Support of Generalized MPLS"
The world of OSI internetworking includes various network services with these characteristics:
Independence of underlying communications infrastructure
End-to-end transfer
Quality of service (QoS) selection
A protocol is transparent when it does not place any constraints on transmitted data. It means that headers as well as data must be transported unmodified end to end.
Who Uses IS-IS?
IS-IS is popular among telcos and large ISPs. This popularity finds its roots with ISPs that were around at the beginning of the Internet and chose IS-IS over OSPF for their IGP. It is believe that at that time, IS-IS had fewer technical limitations than OSPF as an IGP. Those ISPs have since become today's tier 1 carriers, so any appliance targeting tier 1 carriers must offer IS-IS.
The OSI protocol suite supports numerous standard protocols at the physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application layers.
OSI network layer addressing is implemented by using two types of hierarchical addresses: network service access point (NSAP) addresses and a specific subset of NSAPs cal- led network-entity titles (NETs). An NSAP is a conceptual point on the boundary between the network and transport layers. The NSAP is the location at which OSI network services are provided to the transport layer. Each transport layer entity is assigned a single NSAP, which is individually addressed in an OSI internetwork using NSAP addresses.
The OSI protocol suite specifies two routing protocols at the network layer: End System-to-Intermediate System (ES-IS) and IS-IS. In addition, the OSI suite implements two types of network services: connectionless service and connection-oriented service.
Differences Between Connection-Oriented and Connectionless Services
Connection-oriented services must first establish a connection with the desired service before passing any data. A connectionless service can send the data without establishing a connection first. In general, connection-oriented services provide some level of delivery guarantee, whereas connectionless services do not.
Details on these protocols and addresses are discussed later in this chapter, in the sections, "OSI Network Layer" and "OSI Addressing," respectively.
OSI Protocol Terminology
In an OSI network, four significant architectural entities exist: hosts, areas, a backbone, and a domain. The following describes these entities and tells how routers fit into an OSI network:
A domain is any portion of an OSI network that is under a common administrative authority.
Within any OSI domain, one or more areas can be defined. An area is a logical entity; it is formed by a set of contiguous routers and the data links that connect them. All routers in the same area exchange information about all the hosts that they can reach.
The areas are connected to form a backbone. All routers on the backbone know how to reach all areas.
An end system (ES) is any nonrouting host or node. An intermediate system (IS) is a router. These terms are the basis for the OSI ES-IS and IS-IS protocols.
Nowadays, domains tend to be called autonomous systems.
Mapping the OSI Protocol Suite to the OSI Reference Model
The OSI protocol suite supports numerous standard protocols at each of the seven OSI reference model layers.
Differences Between the OSI Protocol Suite and the OSI Reference Model
The ISO developed the Open Systems Interconnection networking suite in the 1980s. It has two major components:
The abstract model of networking, known as the OSI Reference Model, or seven-layer model
A set of concrete networking protocols, known as the OSI protocol suite, which include CLNP, ES-IS, and so on
The OSI Reference Model has enjoyed a far greater acceptance than the OSI protocol itself.
Figure S-1 illustrates the entire OSI protocol suite and its relation to the layers of the OSI reference model.
Figure S-1 How the OSI Protocol Suite Maps to the OSI Reference Model
OSI Network Layer
This section describes the services and protocols at the OSI Network layer.
OSI Services and Network Protocols
Two types of OSI network layer services are available to the OSI transport layer:
Connectionless Network Service (CLNS)CLNS performs datagram transport and does not require a circuit to be established before data is transmitted.
Connection-Mode Network Service (CMNS)CMNS requires explicit establishment of a path or circuit between communicating transport layer entities before transmitting data.
Whereas CLNS and CMNS define the actual services provided to the OSI transport layer entities that operate immediately above the network layer, Connectionless Network Protocol (CLNP) and Connection-Oriented Network Protocol (CONP) name the protocols that these services use to convey data at the network layer. CLNP is the OSI equivalent of IP.
The differences between CMNS and CONP are as follows:
CONP is an OSI network layer protocol that carries upper-layer data and error indications over connection-oriented links. CONP is based on the X.25 Packet-Layer Protocol (PLP) and is described in the ISO 8208 standard "X.25 Packet-Layer Protocol for DTE." CONP provides the interface between CMNS and upper layers. It is a network layer service that acts as the interface between the transport layer and CMNS; it is described in the ISO 8878 standard.
CMNS performs functions related to the explicit establishment of paths through CONP. When support is provided for CMNS, routing uses the X.25 protocols as the relaying functions. CMNS functions include connection setup, maintenance, and termination; it also provides a mechanism for requesting a specific QoS.
The differences between CLNP and CLNS are as follows:
CLNP is an OSI network layer protocol that carries upper-layer data and error indications over connectionless links. CLNP provides the interface between CLNS and upper layers.
CLNS provides network layer services to the transport layer through CLNP. When support is provided for CLNS, routing uses routing protocols to exchange routing information. CLNS does not perform connection setup or termination because paths are determined independently for each packet that is transmitted through a network. In addition, CLNS provides best-effort delivery, which means that no guarantee exists that data will not be lost, corrupted, misordered, or duplicated. CLNS relies on transport layer protocols to perform error detection and correction.
Summary of OSI Protocols and Services
Type |
Protocol |
Service |
Connection-oriented |
Connectionless |
OSI Routing Protocols
ISO has developed standards for two types of routing protocols:
ES-IS discovery protocolES-IS performs "routing" between End Systems and Intermediate Systems referred as Level 0 "routing." ES-IS is analogous to the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) in IP. Although it is not explicitly a routing protocol, ES-IS is included here because it is commonly used with routing protocols to provide end-to-end data movement through an internetwork.
IS-IS routing protocolsIS-IS performs hierarchical (Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3) routing between intermediate systems. Level 3 routing is done between separate domains. However, note that the IS-IS routing protocol is not itself capable of Level 3 routing. As described in the section, "Interconnecting IS-IS Domains" later in this chapter, other protocols are required for interdomain routing.
The hierarchical routing levels used in OSI are illustrated in Figure S-2.
Figure S-2 OSI Hierarchical Routing
To simplify router design and operation, OSI distinguishes among Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 routing. Level 1 ISs communicate with other Level 1 ISs in the same area. Level 2 ISs route between Level 1 areas and form an intradomain routing backbone. Level 3 routing is done between separate domains. Hierarchical routing simplifies backbone design because Level 1 ISs need to know only how to get to the nearest Level 2 IS.
In OSI, each ES lives in a particular area. OSI routing begins when the ESs discover the nearest IS by listening to intermediate system hello (ISH) packets. When an ES wants to send a packet to another ES, it sends the packet to an IS on its directly attached network; this is Level 0 routing. The router then looks up the destination address and forwards the packet along the best route. If the destination ES is on the same subnetwork, the local IS knows this from listening to end system hello (ESH) packets and forwards the packet appropriately. The IS also might provide a redirect message back to the source to tell it that a more direct route is available.
If the destination address is an ES on another subnetwork in the same area, the IS knows the correct route (Level 1 routing) and forwards the packet appropriately.
If the destination address is an ES in another area, the Level 1 IS sends the packet to the nearest Level 2 IS (Level 2 routing). Forwarding through Level 2 ISs continues until the packet reaches a Level 2 IS in the destination area. Within the destination area, ISs forward the packet along the best path until the destination ES is reached.
Routing between separate domains is referred to as Level 3 routing.
Routing in an OSI CLNS/CLNP Environment
For routing in the ISO CLNS/CLNP environment, Cisco routers support the following protocols:
IS-ISIS-IS is a dynamic link-state routing protocol used in an ISO CLNS environment for routing CLNP. Routers usually operate as ISs and can exchange reachability information with other ISs using the IS-IS protocol. As an IS, a Cisco router can be a Level 1 router, a Level 2 router, or a Level 12 router. In the latter case, the router can advertise itself at Level 1 as an exit point from the area. Integrated IS-IS allows the IS-IS protocol to propagate routing information for other protocols as well asor instead ofCLNS. Specifically, IS-IS can route CLNS, IP, or both (this latter is called dual mode).
ISO-IGRPCisco IOS Software offers a proprietary routing protocol for CLNS. As its name suggests, ISO-IGRP is based on Cisco's Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP). It uses distance vector technology to propagate routing information. As such, it shares some of the limitations of its IP counterpart, including long convergence times (because of periodic updates and long invalid times and hold times).
Static CLNS routesAs with IP, static CLNS routes can be created. (Although this is not really a protocol, static routes can be considered to be a type of routing protocol.)
Recommended Reading
Various aspects of IS-IS are described in these ISO documents:
ISO 8473Documents the ISO CLNP
ISO/IEC 8348, Appendix ADocuments NSAP addresses
ISO 9542Documents the ES-IS routing exchange protocol
ISO/IEC 10589Documents the IS-IS intradomain routing exchange protocol
Additionally, the function of Integrated IS-ISthe use of OSI IS-IS for routing in TCP/IP and dual environments, as described in the next sectionis described in RFC 1195. (RFC 1195 can be found at http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/cgi-bin/rfc/rfc1195.html.)
Integrated IS-IS
As previously mentioned, IS-IS is the dynamic link-state routing protocol for the OSI protocol stack. As such, it distributes routing information for routing CLNP data for the ISO CLNS environment.
Integrated IS-IS is an implementation of the IS-IS protocol for routing multiple network protocols; it is an extended version of IS-IS for mixed ISO CLNS and IP environments. Integrated IS-IS tags CLNP routes with information regarding IP networks and subnets. It can be used purely for IP routing, purely for ISO routing, or for a combination of the two.
Integrated IS-IS provides an alternative to OSPF in an IP environment, mixing ISO CLNS and IP routing in one protocol.
Like all modern IP routing protocols, Integrated IS-IS supports the following features:
Variable-length subnet masks (VLSMs). The mask and the prefix are sent in the routing updates.
Redistribution of IP routes into and out of IS-IS.
Summarization of IP routes.
Integrated IS-IS Versus OSPF
Integrated IS-IS and OSPF are both link-state protocols with similarities as follows:
Link-state representation, aging, and metrics
Link-state databases and SPF algorithms
Update, decision, and flooding processes
As discussed in Chapters 3 and 4 of Building Scalable Cisco Networks, OSPF is based on a central backbone (area 0), with all other areas ideally being physically attached to area 0. In OSPF, the border between areas is inside routers, the Area Border Routers (ABRs), and each link belongs to one area. This central backbone configuration means that certain design constraints will inevitably exist. When this type of hierarchical model is used, a good, consistent IP addressing structure is necessary to summarize addresses into the backbone and reduce the amount of information that is carried in the backbone and advertised across the network.
In comparison, IS-IS also has a hierarchy with Level 1 and Level 2 routers, but in IS-IS, the area borders lie on links rather than in routers. As shown in Figure S-2, each IS-IS router belongs to exactly one Level 2 area. Significantly fewer link-state packets (LSPs), also known as link-state protocol data units (PDUs), get used; thus, many more routers can reside in a single area. This capability makes IS-IS more scalable than OSPF. IS-IS allows a more flexible approach to extending the backbone by adding additional Level 2 routers. In IS-IS, this process is less complex than with OSPF.
Areas in OSPF and IS-IS
In OSPF, the area boundary is "inside" the router; interfaces belong to an area. In IS-IS, the "whole" router, not just an interface, belongs to an area.
With regard to CPU use and the processing of routing updates, IS-IS is more efficient than OSPF. In IS-IS, one LSP is sent per IS-IS router in each area (including redistributed prefixes [routes]), compared to the many OSPF LSAs that would be sent. Not only are there fewer LSPs to process, but the mechanism by which IS-IS installs and withdraws prefixes is less processor intensive.
Both OSPF and IS-IS are link-state protocols and thus provide fast convergence. The convergence time depends on a number of factors (timers, number of nodes, type of router, and so on).
Based on the default timers, IS-IS detects a failure quicker than OSPF and thus should converge more rapidly. Of course, if there are many neighbors and adjacencies to consider, the convergence time also might depend on the processing power of the router. IS-IS tends to be less CPU intensive than OSPF.
The timers in IS-IS allow for better fine-tuning than what is available for OSPF. There are other adjustable timers, so finer granularity can be achieved. By adjusting the timers, convergence time can be significantly decreased. However, this speed could come at the expense of stability. The network operator must understand the implications of changing the timers before making any adjustments.
Both IS-IS and OSPF are scalable, and the scalability of link-state protocols has been proven in the current live ISP backbones.
OSPF does have more features than IS-IS, including route tags, stub and not-so-stubby areas (NSSA), and OSPF on-demand circuits.
Level 1, Level 2, and Level 12 Routers
An IS-IS network is termed a domain; this is the equivalent of an autonomous system (AS) in OSPF. Within the domain, a two-level hierarchy exists:
Level 1 ISs are responsible for routing to ESs inside an area. This is similer to OSPF internal nonbackbone routers in a totally stubby area.
Level 2 ISs route between areas only. This is similer to internal backbone routers in OSPF.
Level 12 ISs route between areas and the backbone. They participate in the Level 1 intra-area routing and the Level 2 interarea routing. This is the equivalent of Area Border Routers (ABRs) in OSPF.
Level 1 routers are also referred to as station routers because they enable stations (ESs) to communicate with each other and the rest of the network.
End stations don't communicate by way of CLNP.
A contiguous group of Level 1 routers defines an area. The Level 1 routers maintain the Level 1 database, which defines the picture of the area itself and its exit points to neighboring areas.
Level 2 routers are also referred to as area routers because they interconnect the Level 1 areas. Level 2 routers store a separate database that contains only the interarea topology information.
Level 12 routers keep two separate link-state databases; this allows them to act as if they were two IS-IS routers, as follows:
They support a Level 1 function to communicate with the other Level 1 routers in their area and maintain the Level 1 LSP information in a Level 1 topology database. They inform other Level 1 routers that they are an exit point from the area.
They support a Level 2 function to communicate with the rest of the backbone and maintain a Level 2 topology database separately from their Level 1 database.
IS-IS does not share the concept of an area 0 with OSPF. Instead, an IS-IS backbone can appear as a set of distinct areas interconnected by a chain of Level 2 routers, weaving their way through and between the Level 1 areas. The IS-IS backbone consists of a set of Level 12 routers and Level 2 routers, and must be contiguous.
IS-IS uses a two-level hierarchy. The link-state information for these two levels is distributed separately, giving rise to Level 1 LSPs and Level 2 LSPs.
LSPs on point-to-point links are sent to a unicast address. LSPs on broadcast media (LANs) are sent to a multicast address.
As with OSPF, one router on a LAN sends the LSP information on behalf of that LAN. In IS-IS, this router is called the designated intermediate system (DIS). It is a pseudonode, the representation of the LAN, and sends separate Level 1 and Level 2 LSPs on behalf of the network.
No backup DIS exists in IS-IS, in contrast to the backup DR for OSPF. If a DIS dies, a new election takes place.
Examples of IS-IS Hierarchical Routing
Figure S-3 shows the physical view of an example IS-IS area configuration. Physically, a Level 12 router connects to Level 1 routers inside its area and to Level 2 routers in the backbone. In the figure, R2 and R3 are Level 12 routers; R1 and R4 are Level 1 routers. R2 and R3 belong to their respective Level 1 areas and provide a physical connection between them.
Figure S-3 Example 1 IS-IS Area ConfigurationPhysical View
Recall that the boundary between areas in IS-IS exists on a link between routers and not on a router itself, as in OSPF.
Figure S-4 shows the logical view of the same example shown in Figure S-3. In Figure S-4, R2 and R3 are Level 12 routers; R1 and R4 are Level 1 routers. R2 and R3 are still Level 1 routers, but, in addition, they provide an entry point to the Level 2 backbone interconnecting both Level 1 areas.
Figure S-4 Example 1 IS-IS Area ConfigurationLogical View
Figure S-5 shows another example.
Figure S-5 Example 2 IS-IS Level 2 and Level 12 Routers Forming a Level 2 Backbone
In Figure S-5, area 1 contains two routers:
One router borders to area 2 and, therefore, is a Level 12 IS.
The other router is contained totally within the area and, therefore, is Level 1 only.
Area 2 has many routers:
Some routers are specified as Level 1 only and can route internally to that area only (and to the exit points).
Level 12 routers form a chain across the area linking to the neighbor areas.
Although the middle of these three Level 12 routers does not link directly to another area, it must support Level 2 routing so that the backbone is contiguous. If this middle router fails, the other Level 1only routers (though providing a physical path across the area) could not perform the Level 2 function, and the backbone would be broken.
Area 3 contains one router that borders to area 3, but it has no intra-area neighbors and is, therefore, Level 2 only. If another router was added to area 3, the border router would revert to Level 12.
Figure S-5 also shows that the border between the areas in an IS-IS network exists on the links between Level 2 routers (in contrast to OSPF, where the border exists inside the Area Border Router [ABR] itself).


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Konverter Outlet deals with the sale of stock leftovers, which is why the products may have cosmetic defects. The product is checked before it is released from the warehouse. If the product is damaged, we will contact the customer before sending the product out and inform them of the defects. If the product does not fit in such a condition, we will offer a discount according to the extent of the damage or refund the money. The products may be missing the original packaging or the original packaging may be damaged.
Konverter Selekt sells custom furniture. See the products here: www.konverter.ee/selekt
Selekt has some samples outside in the hall and you can also buy them immediately, but most of the large product range can be ordered!
1. Where can you see all the products on sale, where is the physical store located?
Our large 2,000 m² interior decoration center and outlet store is located in Tallinn, Lasnamäe, Läänemere tee 74a.
At the beginning of 2023, we also opened another large 4,000 m2 interior decoration center in Viimsi, Randvere tee 6, Haabneeme
Opening times can be seen here: https://www.konverter.ee/kontakt/
2. Are the prices negotiable or final?
All converter prices are fixed and there is no trading room. When determining the price, we have already taken into account possible defects and wear and tear. Discounting is done in a systematic way by the program. Discounts are affected by many different factors such as time, inventory and stock turnover.
3. Can products be reserved?
Unfortunately, we don't have a reservation system, as most of the time there is only one of each product. There is a nice rule, who is in front of the man!
Delivery and handover of products
1. We will post the products to the Customer within 7 working days at the latest. During major discount campaigns, the collection times are longer and can reach 20 working days. In addition to the given delivery times, the postal movement time within Estonia is 3-7 working days. The Konverter e-shop does not undertake to deliver products to the Customer on weekends and holidays.
2. The converter e-shop is not responsible for the length of delivery time. The given delivery times are average product arrival times.
3. Avoiding delays and misunderstandings in the delivery of goods depends on the accuracy and correctness of the data provided in the order.
4. If you choose the "I'll pick it up" delivery method, you can pick up the goods at Läänemere Konverter - Läänemere tee 74a, Tallinn, ER from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Sat 11 a.m. to 3 p.m. or from Viimsi Konverter at Randvere tee 6, Haabneeme, ER 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.
Please pick up after notification within 5 days.
If the customer does not pick up the goods within 2 weeks after sending the notification, we have the right to charge a m3-based storage fee of €12/m3 per month.
Right of return
1. After delivery of the order, the Customer has the right to return the ordered products within 14 days. The right of withdrawal applies only to private consumers, it does not apply to legal entities.
2. The returned product must still have the sticker product code approved by the Konverter e-store.
3. The cost related to the return of the goods shall be borne by the Customer. The Konverter e-shop bears the cost of returning the goods if the delivered goods differ from the ordered ones.
4. To return the goods, a return application must be submitted within 14 days after receiving the order, as a complaint form on the converter's website https://www.konverter.ee/reklamaksioni-vorm
5. The Customer must return the goods to the Konverter e-shop no later than 14 days after submitting the return application.
The goods must be brought to the address Läänemere tee 74a, Tallinn or Randvere tee 6, Haabneeme, Viimsi parish, within the given time. According to where the order was issued.
6. Returns are made within 14 days after the product is returned to the e-store warehouse. We return the money only to the current account from which the transfer for the order was made.
7. It is not possible to return products purchased locally in the store if they are not suitable.
In the case of a return, please fill out the complaint form: https://www.konverter.ee/reklamaksioni-vorm/
Tootjapoolne soovituslik jaemüügihind: 170.00 €
Mõõdud: 22,5 x 10,01 x 35 cm Materjal: Kroom, peegelklaas. Hõbedane.
Konverter Outlet deals with the sale of stock leftovers, which is why the products may have cosmetic defects. The product is checked before it is released from the warehouse, and if the product is damaged, we will contact the customer and inform them of the defects before sending the product out. If the product does not fit in such a condition, we will offer a discount according to the extent of the damage or refund the money.


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Find your local hospitals and clinics in Redland Bay QLD
Health clinics can be required in almost any stage of life, from maternal health nurses, to child development experts, through to physiotherapists and rehabilitation. The services provided by our hospitals and clinics are invaluable to keeping us healthy, strong, and living our lives to the fullest. If you need a medical opinion on a matter, make sure to check where the specialists are in the greater Redland Bay area.


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Bjorli Golfklubb
Bjorli, Oppland, Norway/
Estimated arrival
at ZIP
Order within
Book size measurement is 6.5"x 3.75" and greens are scaled to no larger than 3/8 inch to 5 yards (USGA conforming).
Distance is presented in yards and slope is presented in percentage. They are saddle stitched to fit perfectly inside a traditional yardage book cover.
Variant types:
- Penalty to penalty width distance
- Carries and runout distances
- Compass off tee shot and into green
- Tee to fairway and fairway to green +/- elevation change
- To green and from tee distance rings
Major Slopes
- Everything in the yardage book, plus:
- Detailed thermal green view with contours and arrows in major slope areas (3% and above). Also includes arrows and contours in surrounding areas around green.
- Fairway arrows that represent slope above 4%
Yardage + Green Map
- Everything in the yardage book, plus:
- Duel view topographical green map
- Thermal View - easily see ridges and spot possible hole locations
- Detailed View - supports green reading with arrows and contours shown at the maximum resolution allowed within the rules of golf
- Fairway arrows that represent slope above 4%


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Calvinist Corner | www.mslick.com |
Nehemiah 11 1 And the rulers of the people dwelt at Jerusalem: the rest of the people also cast lots, to bring one of ten to dwell in Jerusalem the holy city, and nine parts to dwell in other cities. 2 And the people blessed all the men, that willingly offered themselves to dwell at Jerusalem. 3 Now these are the chief of the province that dwelt in Jerusalem: but in the cities of Judah dwelt every one in his possession in their cities, to wit, Israel, the priests, and the Levites, and the Nethinims, and the children of Solomon's servants. 4 And at Jerusalem dwelt certain of the children of Judah, and of the children of Benjamin. Of the children of Judah; Athaiah the son of Uzziah, the son of Zechariah, the son of Amariah, the son of Shephatiah, the son of Mahalaleel, of the children of Perez; 5 And Maaseiah the son of Baruch, the son of Colhozeh, the son of Hazaiah, the son of Adaiah, the son of Joiarib, the son of Zechariah, the son of Shiloni. 6 All the sons of Perez that dwelt at Jerusalem were four hundred threescore and eight valiant men. 7 And these are the sons of Benjamin; Sallu the son of Meshullam, the son of Joed, the son of Pedaiah, the son of Kolaiah, the son of Maaseiah, the son of Ithiel, the son of Jesaiah. 8 And after him Gabbai, Sallai, nine hundred twenty and eight. 9 And Joel the son of Zichri was their overseer: and Judah the son of Senuah was second over the city. 10 Of the priests: Jedaiah the son of Joiarib, Jachin. 11 Seraiah the son of Hilkiah, the son of Meshullam, the son of Zadok, the son of Meraioth, the son of Ahitub, was the ruler of the house of God. 12 And their brethren that did the work of the house were eight hundred twenty and two: and Adaiah the son of Jeroham, the son of Pelaliah, the son of Amzi, the son of Zechariah, the son of Pashur, the son of Malchiah, 13 And his brethren, chief of the fathers, two hundred forty and two: and Amashai the son of Azareel, the son of Ahasai, the son of Meshillemoth, the son of Immer, 14 And their brethren, mighty men of valour, an hundred twenty and eight: and their overseer was Zabdiel, the son of one of the great men. 15 Also of the Levites: Shemaiah the son of Hashub, the son of Azrikam, the son of Hashabiah, the son of Bunni; 16 And Shabbethai and Jozabad, of the chief of the Levites, had the oversight of the outward business of the house of God. 17 And Mattaniah the son of Micha, the son of Zabdi, the son of Asaph, was the principal to begin the thanksgiving in prayer: and Bakbukiah the second among his brethren, and Abda the son of Shammua, the son of Galal, the son of Jeduthun. 18 All the Levites in the holy city were two hundred fourscore and four. 19 Moreover the porters, Akkub, Talmon, and their brethren that kept the gates, were an hundred seventy and two. 20 And the residue of Israel, of the priests, and the Levites, were in all the cities of Judah, every one in his inheritance. 21 But the Nethinims dwelt in Ophel: and Ziha and Gispa were over the Nethinims. 22 The overseer also of the Levites at Jerusalem was Uzzi the son of Bani, the son of Hashabiah, the son of Mattaniah, the son of Micha. Of the sons of Asaph, the singers were over the business of the house of God. 23 For it was the king's commandment concerning them, that a certain portion should be for the singers, due for every day. 24 And Pethahiah the son of Meshezabeel, of the children of Zerah the son of Judah, was at the king's hand in all matters concerning the people. 25 And for the villages, with their fields, some of the children of Judah dwelt at Kirjatharba, and in the villages thereof, and at Dibon, and in the villages thereof, and at Jekabzeel, and in the villages thereof, 26 And at Jeshua, and at Moladah, and at Bethphelet, 27 And at Hazarshual, and at Beersheba, and in the villages thereof, 28 And at Ziklag, and at Mekonah, and in the villages thereof, 29 And at Enrimmon, and at Zareah, and at Jarmuth, 30 Zanoah, Adullam, and in their villages, at Lachish, and the fields thereof, at Azekah, and in the villages thereof. And they dwelt from Beersheba unto the valley of Hinnom. 31 The children also of Benjamin from Geba dwelt at Michmash, and Aija, and Bethel, and in their villages, 32 And at Anathoth, Nob, Ananiah, 33 Hazor, Ramah, Gittaim, 34 Hadid, Zeboim, Neballat, 35 Lod, and Ono, the valley of craftsmen. 36 And of the Levites were divisions in Judah, and in Benjamin. Return to Bible Online Calvinist Corner |


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Thomas G. Smith Funeral Home
14601 St. Clair Avenue • Cleveland, Ohio 44110
Thomas G. Smith Funeral Home provides funeral and cremation services to families of Cleveland, Ohio and the surrounding area. A licensed funeral director will assist you in making the proper funeral arrangements for your loved one.
To inquire about a specific funeral service by Thomas G. Smith Funeral Home, contact the funeral director at 216-249-5000.
Should you care to express your sympathy by sending the gift of flowers, simply click the button to the right to get started. The Funeral Finder flower shop offers a wide selection of wreaths, sprays, and plants designed to fit any budget. Each arrangement is guaranteed to be handcrafted and delivered fresh by a reputable local florist.
Click here for directions to Thomas G. Smith Funeral Home
Contact Information
- 14601 St. Clair Avenue
Cleveland, Ohio 44110 - Phone: 216-249-5000
- www.smith-funeral-home.com


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In the final full weekend of Cactus League, a pair of unlikely 20-somethings inched closer to securing their spots on the Mariners opening day, 25-man roster.
Outfielder Stefen Romero, the organization's 2012 Minor League Player of the Year, hit a walk-off, three-run home run Sunday in Seattle's 6-4 win against the Athletics in Peoria. Saturday, Cuban left-handed pitcher Roenis Elias gave up four hits and two runs in 5.1 innings against the Rockies but earned a no-decision in Seattle's 4-3 loss.
Elias, 25, spent 2013 in Double-A Jackson. Romero, 25, was mostly with Triple-A Tacoma.
In extended spring training auditions, both have seized chances when players who began the spring ahead of them on the depth chart sustained injuries.
"He threw the ball extremely well," manager Lloyd McClendon said of Elias Saturday. "He just keeps going out there and keeps doing good. He certainly has made a statement for himself."
And Romero?
Corey Hart's ongoing battle with lower back and forearm stiffness helped Romero, who figures to see extended time in right field this season. In 19 games entering Monday, Romero is hitting .283/.298/.630 with a .928 OPS and three home runs in 46 at-bats. He also adds much-needed speed and arm strength to an outfield that in 2013 finished last in defensive runs saved (-70) and UZR (-58.5), an advanced stat that measures a player's range, per FanGraphs.com.
If productive offensively, Romero could be the right-handed presence needed in a left-handed dominant Mariners' lineup. Last season in Tacoma, the Oregon State product batted .277/.331/.448, including 11 home runs, 74 RBIs and a .779 OPS in 93 games.
Romero's big-league roster spot was all but clinched Sunday when McClendon admitted Hart will begin the season as designated hitter. In December, the club signed the free agent to a one-year, $6 million deal, including performance-based incentives that could earn him up to $13 million. Before spring training, McClendon outlined a best-case scenario where Hart plays 145 games in right field.
The projection seemed optimistic, given that Hart, who turned 32 Monday, sat out 2013 recovering from major surgeries on both knees.
Hart missed the last three games with forearm and biceps tightness and wasn't in the lineup for Monday's matinee against the White Sox. In 12 Cactus League games, he is five of 35 (.143) and has no home runs. However, he is expected to return before Seattle opens the season March 31 against the Angels.
"His at-bats are fine," McClendon said of Hart.
But his health problems, minor or not, makes the outfield more reliant on Romero and center fielder Abraham Almonte.
Given the chance to become the leadoff hitter, Almonte hasn't righted himself. He entered Monday 9 for 61 (.148) with 10 strikeouts, five walks and an on-base percentage barely north of the Mendoza Line (.209). Yet, McClendon throughout spring has touted his speed and the flexibility he brings as a switch-hitter at the top of the lineup.
If Almonte breaks camp with the Mariners, the outfield won't be as slow as last season (see Raul Ibanez, Mike Morse) or as slow it was thought to be back in February (see Corey Hart, Logan Morrison).
At 6-foot-3, 245 pounds and coming off knee injuries the past two seasons, Morrison is best-suited at his natural DH/first base spot. Left fielder Dustin Ackley is enjoying a torrid spring and Michael Saunders will start the regular season in center or right. That leaves Almonte and Romero as clear favorites to join the 25-man roster as third and fourth outfielders.
As for Elias: Spring training injuries to pitchers Hisashi Iwakuma (strained middle finger) and Taijaun Walker (inflammation in shoulder) helped his bid. So has the recent plunge of pitchers Scott Baker and Blake Beavan. Baker gave up six runs, seven hits and six walks (!) Saturday in a split-squad game.
Late Monday, Baker was granted his release after the club offered him a spot on the Rainiers, according to multiple reports.
RT @shannondrayer: #Mariners offered Scott Baker a spot on AAA and he declined. He has been released per his request.
— 710 ESPN Seattle (@710ESPNSeattle) March 24, 2014
Beavan had a similar case of the Mondays. He was lit up for five runs in the first two innings of Monday's 7-6 loss to the White Sox. His final line: 5.1 innings, seven hits, seven runs and three strikeouts, which raised his ERA to 6.46.
Even with Iwakuma and Walker out for most of April, both might have pitched their way out of the rotation.
Meanwhile, Elias has been the talk of camp.
As an All-Star last season with Jackson, he was 6-11 but had a 3.18 ERA, a 1.246 WHIP and averaged 8.4 strikeouts per nine innings. During Cactus League, he has a 3-0 record and 2.04 ERA in 17.2 innings.
"I don't have any idea what my chances are," Elias said Saturday, playing coy through the Mariners' interpreter. "I just come in and do my work and it's up to them to make that decision."
At the very least, he's made that decision much harder.
Iwakuma, Pryor, Walker rehabbing away
Three prized Mariners pitchers are intensifying their rehabilitation programs, though all are likely a month away from returning.
Walker, who entered the season as the expected No. 3 starter before shoulder soreness sidelined him in late February, made his much-anticipated spring debut Saturday in a minor-league game against El Paso.
In one inning, he threw fifteen pitches and reached his typical velocity — between 93-96 mph, according to The News Tribune's Bob Dutton — but yielded a run and two hits. Afterward, he returned to the bullpen and threw 15 more pitches.
Stephen Pryor, who missed most of last season after ripping a muscle in his back, didn't reach his typical velocity (upper-90's) but completed a 1-2-3 inning and was in the lower 90s in his spring debut. He used a fastball, change-up and slider, according to Dutton.
Iwakuma played a short game of catch (with a baseball) before Monday's game and reported no ill effects from the finger he injured a few weeks before the start of spring training when he fell backward off a mound and got his hand caught in netting.
Barring a setback, Iwakuma and Walker are expected back by the end of April while no definitive timetable has been set for Pryor's return. The one certainty?
All are expected to begin the season on the disabled list.


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Beige Floor Mats For BMW 7 Series G12 ROVBUT Brand Tailored Set Perfect Fit Green SNIP Collection
Couldn't load pickup availability
We are proud to offer international FedEx Express Delivery, ensuring that our customers worldwide receive their vehicle floor mats quickly and efficiently. With a delivery time of just 3-5 business days, you can enjoy the benefits of our high-quality floor mats without delay. Since we ship globally, the tax and custom fee obligations will depend on the destination country's regulations. Shop with confidence, knowing that your order will be shipped promptly and delivered right to your doorstep, hassle-free.
For: BMW 7 Series G12 Long Version (2015-2021)
Color: Beige
Experience the perfect blend of style and protection with our top-of-the-line floor mats. Expertly crafted from high-quality materials, these floor mats provide exceptional durability and resilience in various weather conditions, ensuring your vehicle's interior remains pristine for years to come.
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Our vehicle floor mats are specifically designed for Left Hand Drive (LHD) versions of vehicles, ensuring a perfect fit for the USA, Europe markets. By tailoring the mats to the unique specifications of LHD vehicles.


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Honey Birthday Crew Socks
Honey Birthday Crew Socks
Unisex One Size Fits Most, Up to Size 12 Male
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These premiumåÊsocks are madeåÊwith 200 needle machines with the finest fabrics: 75% Bamboo Rayon, 22% Nylon & 3% Elastane.åÊBamboo Rayon comes from Bamboo and feels softer than cotton. The socks are one size fits all, up to a size 12 Male U.S.
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Our socks are 200 needle knit with reinforced toe and heel to keep up with your busy lifestyle in style and comfort.
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Our socks are made on demand and we have engineered our process to ship within a week.


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When you book for a service at Moffat, you know that only Moffat authorised trained technicians will be at your service with genuine parts designed specifically for your model.
The backup service that compliments your dedication to keep the wheels turning, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
Moffat carries an extensive range of spare parts for all Moffat and non Moffat manufactured product brands.
Our dedicated Moffat intranet site to access technical information for service sub-contractors. This intranet site is username and password protected.
Browse our new special offers from the collection of featured brands.
Moffat's dedicated chefs conduct training seminars and also offer demonstrations on equipment to help you meet your specific requirements.
The Moffat group designs, develops, manufactures and markets a comprehensive range of Cooking, Bakery and Meal Distribution equipment.
Jump-start your career by working for an industry leader in the hospitality sector. View available roles, job descriptions and apply online via our website.
The showcase of our Working Kitchen is our way of keeping in touch with you in order to share recent installations, wonderful ideas, tips & tricks, and more.
Moffat's press releases, upcoming events, publications and more or join in the conversation on our social media channels.
Case studies from different businesses of all types of industry sectors, sharing their insights and outcomes from applications within their own businesses.
Caterent is a finance product brought to you by Moffat to help get your business started or give it a boost with a diverse range of options to purchase equipment.
It's now even easier for you to register an application for a Credit Account with Moffat. The online application form will take minutes and the rest is taken care of.
Moffat is committed to answering your questions by providing quick and easy ways to put you in touch with the right department in a hassle free environment.
Keep up-to-date with all news regarding Moffat, our industry, our brands, products and more.


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Send a bit of holiday cheer with this tropical norfolk pine. Upgrades include a fancier container and decorations.
We are committed to delivering your important emotional sentiments on time and as fresh and beautiful as possible. Because of the nature, seasonality, and regional availability of flowers it is sometimes necessary to make substitutions of equal or greater value. We will make every effort to maintain the "look and feel" of the arrangement by considering the overall shape, size, style, and color combinations. In single-variety arrangements the variety will take precedence over color. For instance, if an order is for yellow daisies, they will substitute another color of daisies, not another yellow flower. White roses and cream roses may be substituted for each other as well as peach roses and pink roses. Purple and pink orchids may need to be substituted for white orchids and visa versa.


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Simple Gold Border - Wedding Invitation
What kind of event are you having?
What kind of event are you having?
Customize everything from your Card to the email your recipients open with colors, monograms, and text boxes.
Add Blocks that link to your wedding website and registry, add a schedule of events, and share accommodation details.
Send your way—via email, text, or link—and create an easy-to-share Custom URL.
Waiting is overrated! Instantly track deliveries, opens, and RSVPs.
Stay on top of your guest list with Guest Questions and Surveys and custom group tags.


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Information in this section pertains to all global PEN® partners except where country flags are visible. Click on the flag(s) for country-specific information. If a country flag is not listed, there is no information specific to that country.
Login or signup to access PEN® content.
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Last Updated: 2023-06-08


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I've let my girls watch the Disney Tinkerbell movie recently, because to my surprise I found it to be the only girly Disney movie with what I considered to be a decent message.
- It's good to be yourself and accept who you are.
- Making things from stuff with your hands and your imagination is both cool and useful.
- One day your prince will come.
- Life will pretty much suck until that happens.
Here's the aluminium structure I fashioned...
Once that was done I mixed up two batches of salt dough. You can find the recipe here (it's just salt, flour and hot water). I rolled out sections and squished them onto the foil structure to cover it completely inside and out. Once that was done I used a cocktail stick to make marks on the surface for a bark like texture. I made a couple of mushrooms out of the left over dough, that I was planning on painting, but I ended up making little modelling clay toadstools instead. I left the salt dough monument to dry, hidden away for about a week, but it's been really damp around here (rainy season), so it wasn't fully dry and time was running out. At this point I managed to fit it in the oven to bake on a very low heat for about three hours to make sure it was bone dry before I painted it. If I'd put it in the oven right away, when the dough was still fresh, then the air pockets in the aluminium foil would have expanded and broken the dough coating or blistered it and ruined it, so it was important that I let it air dry as much as possible before I put it in the oven. Even in air drying, the dough contracted and I ended up with a couple of cracks on it that I just filled with Spackle/Polyfiller.I marked out a curvy shape on some plywood that we'd lifted from the skip round the back of the local charity shop (you know how classy I am). This was going to be the base for it all to sit on.
Once all that was done, I painted a base coat of light brown acrylic craft paint on the trunk. Then I used a rag to wipe on darker brown, to get a more bark like colour/texture. Painted up the base green and dabbed it with a rag to get rid of brush marks and make it a little bit textured. I wasn't sure how to glue the trunk to the board securely. I didn't think wood glue on it's own would do it, so me and the hubbins ended up squeezing a whole load of hot glue on the base of the trunk with a couple of glue guns. Of course by the time we had finished doing that, most of it had solidified, so I put it back in the oven upsidedown for a few minutes, until the glue had remelted, and then whipped it out, turned it over and plonked it on the board for the glue to set. Worked a treat, and luckily putting it back in the oven didn't affect the paint job. I slathered the whole thing in a coat of matt polyurethane varnish, and left it to dry overnight.All that was left to dothe next day was decorating it. I used some plastic vines and flowers from the Dollar Tree, and a load of random stuff like twigs and pebbles from outside. I also used some fake grass stuff that had been on mini tree place settings that our friends Pat and Victoria gave us after their wedding (Is this the fourth project we've used them in? Thanks guys!). I also made a couple of little toadstools from modelling clay, and a pond surrounded by some sand glued on from our sand box.
The water from the pond was made by putting a little bit of blue acrylic paint in some of the matt varnish and pouring it into an aluminium lined yoghurt pot lid to dry with a sprinkle of glitter. Once dry I pulled it out and cut it to shape to be glued on.
There are a lot of little things that I can keep making to add to this with the kids, like a rope ladder, a staircase, furniture for the inside, and of course it'll be fun for them to collect bits and bobs from the walks we go on to add to it as well. Pinecones, acorns etc.Here are a load of photos of our version of Pixie Hollow, with the set of tinkerbell characters that we got to go with it (found in Target). One of our friends back home in the UK must have been on the same wavelength, because she got our daughter a couple of littlest pet shop creatures for her birthday, which go perfectly in this fairyscape! (thank you Marie!). It's been a big hit with the girls, and so far it appears to be as structurally sound as I'd hoped. Cute fairy door for it next maybe?


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Stylist in Training / Apprentice Stylist
Job Description
A stylist-in-training at Regis is a temporary 90-day position designed to integrate an unlicensed, future stylist into the salon workplace and to help them learn the business. It is the stylist-in-training's responsibility to deliver exceptional customer service and to communicate effectively with management, customers, and co-workers. Specifically, the stylist-in-training's job duties include:
- Market and grow the business
- Observe other stylists/managers at work and ask relevant questions
- Provide exceptional customer service
- Control expenses
- Promote and sell services and retail products
- Answer telephones, stock and dust shelves, and sweep hair
- Complete all other duties as assigned by manager
The stylist-in-training may be eligible for a promotion to the stylist position once they receive their license. A promotion to stylist is not automatically guaranteed. The stylist-in-training must apply for the stylist position to be considered for promotion. To be considered for the promotion, the stylist-in-training must: 1) possess a valid appropriate license in his/her applicable state of employment; 2) have the ability to perform the duties of the license requirements that their state allows, including, but not limited to: cutting, styling, coloring, providing wax treatments, and washing and perming hair with or without an accommodation; and 3) demonstrate that they practice Regis values of honesty, accountability, integrity, and respect.
- Must graduate from an accredited cosmetology school and obtain the necessary license(s) to perform salon services within or before 90 days of hire-date
- Ability to work in a dynamic salon environment
- Good time management skills, good judgment, and the ability to multi-task
- Well-developed interpersonal skills to communicate in a professional and courteous manner with customers, co-workers, and management
- Computer knowledge including but not limited to point-of-sale systems and data entry
- Ability to work a flexible schedule including nights and weekends
Essential Functions
Market and Grow the Business:
- Promote and sell services and products, including recommending and selling additional services and/or retail products which will enhance and improve the customer's image and/or contribute to the customer's satisfaction with services performed
- Clearly convey a complete understanding of pricing for available services
- Coordinate Promotional Sales displays as directed by the company using ShopTalk
- Responsible for sales to walk-in retail customers
Provide Exceptional Customer Service:
- Understand the needs of the customer, greet each customer professionally by name, escort all clients through the salon, give salon tour when necessary
- Estimate wait times for scheduled and unscheduled appointments
- Answer the telephone promptly and professionally
- Handle general complaints and refer customer service issues to the manager
Manage and Control Expenses:
- Follow weekly salon schedules as directed by Salon Manager
- Correctly charge for services rendered and products purchased, including proper discounting according to Company policy
- Safeguard company assets by adhering to company policies and procedures
Complete Required Administrative Tasks/Compliance:
- Perform a variety of tasks related to assisting salon operations, including but not limited to: answering telephones, stocking shelves, sweeping hair and other duties as assigned by manager
- Communicate effectively with management, customers and co-workers in a professional and courteous manner
- Maintain and uphold safety standards by identifying and correcting conditions that affect salon safety
- Attend work timely and consistently, including attending mandatory staff meetings, training sessions or as otherwise required by management
- Adhere to all corporate policies, procedures and work rules
- Handle all POS transactions including opening and closing the register
Physical Requirements and Work Environment
- Frequent lifting up to 10 lbs. to stock retail shelves. Occasional lifting 10-25 lbs. to assist unloading monthly shipment of products.
- Continuous standing throughout the day
- Continuous reaching, alternating between shoulder level and above shoulder level height to stock shelves.
- Occasional pushing and pulling to move styling chair.
- Continuous exposure to various chemicals and fragrances used in performing services and styling hair, including but not limited to permanent solutions, straightening solutions, shampoos, conditioners, hair spray and client perfume.
- Occasional climbing of ladder/stepstool to stock shelves, retrieve products and maintain salon.
- Ability to communicate with customers regarding services offered and requested and the customer's needs and wants.
- Basic reading, writing and mathematical skills necessary to read and complete company forms and other documents.
- Occasional travel to mandatory meetings and training sessions, including overnight travel.
Application Instructions
Please click on the link below to apply for this position. A new window will open and direct you to apply at our corporate careers page. We look forward to hearing from you!
Apply OnlinePosted: 7/11/2024
Job Status: Internship
Job Reference #: 6513


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SAN FRANCISCO – Someone is dropping envelopes full of cash across San Francisco -- and causing an international frenzy on social media.
An anonymous man with the Twitter handle (at)HiddenCash has been hiding money throughout the city since Friday, leading scores on a scavenger hunt. His Twitter following exploded from a few hundred Friday to more than 80,000 and counting by midday Tuesday.
One of his clues Tuesday told San Francisco followers to "find Mr. Franklin along the `crookedest street,' (towards the bottom)."
Translation: There was a $100 bill at the bottom of Lombard Street, the popular touristy thoroughfare that's best known as the "Crookedest Street in The World."
Hidden Cash's anonymous creator said his giveaways are a "social experiment for good." He claims to make his money off San Francisco's hot and lucrative real estate market and hopes that winners also "pay it forward."
Two of his winners said Tuesday that they did just that.
Sergio Loza, 28, of San Francisco, said he saw a clue on Twitter Sunday morning with the message "Early bird gets the worm." He raced out and found an envelope with $50 inside taped to a parking meter in the city's Mission District.
Loza said he spent $30 on clothes for his 2-year-old niece's birthday and gave her the remaining $20 as well.
"I didn't spend it on myself," said Loza, a security guard. "It feels good to give, especially in these times."
Adam Wenger, 27, said he won $200 by finding two envelopes about two hours apart Friday in the city's South of Market District. One envelope read, "With Love, from (at)HiddenCash. Leave $20 somewhere and pay it forward."
Wenger, a web producer for KGO-Radio, bought pizza for his co-workers on Tuesday and plans to pay a $100 parking ticket. "It's crazy," he said.
(at)HiddenCash said on Twitter that he plans to leave envelopes in San Jose on Wednesday, Los Angeles this weekend and maybe New York City next month. Followers have requested similar gestures in Alabama, Washington, D.C., and as far away as Pakistan with various hashtags ranging from (hash)kindness, (hash)generous, (hash)epic and (hash)strange.
Loza said he sent (at)HiddenCash "a big shoutout" on Twitter thanking him for the money.
"It's a positive thing. I hope he keeps it up," Loza said. "While you probably can't help the whole world, a few at a time is definitely good."


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H.B.34/4, Near Vaishnodevi Temple, Pimpri, Pune - 411017
E-mail id:- email@example.com
For Enquiry: +91-9823081484
Trutech Products has a myriad of highly trained engineers, technicians, labours, supervisors and quality managers working under it. Their collaborated efforts have pushed the company further and made it known as to be a prominent manufacturer, supplier and exporter of Inductive Load Bank In Fatehpur.
Equipped with advanced technology and high-minded individuals, we have named ourselves as one of the sedulous Inductive Load Bank Manufacturers in Fatehpur. We neither compromise on the quality of material we use and nor do we pull ourselves back from upgrading our machines, whenever required. In addition to being one of the most popular Transformer Manufacturers, Exporters & Suppliers in India, we make them according to the requirements of our clients.
As one of the rising Inductive Load Bank Exporters and Suppliers in Fatehpur, our company is aimed to reach the peak of perfection. If you have requirements regarding different types of transformers, AC/DC Chokes, etc. you can satiate it by getting products delivered straight from our in-house manufacturing unit. Make a call to us and learn more about the products we offer and their prices that we charge.
If you are looking to buy Inductive Load Bank in Fatehpur, Trutech Products is one of the trusted Transformer Manufacturers in India and we also export our transformers all over the world.
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Are you searching for Inductive Load Bank In Fatehpur? Trutech Products is the place where your search winds up. We, one of the leading Inductive Load Bank Manufacturers In Fatehpur, are here to provide you with the top-quality Inductive Load Bank In Fatehpur. We understand that a single fault can be a risk for the Inductive Load Bank and your life, so we manufacture highly safe and reliable Inductive Load Bank that don't cause any harm. We offer a wide range of; Control Transformers, Step Up Transformers, Step Down Transformers, Isolation Transformers, Three-Phase Transformers, AC Chokes, Auto Transformers, and Rectifier Transformers In Fatehpur. We are a quality-centric company that works beyond the boundaries to bring the Inductive Load Bank In Indianapolis, El Salvador, Hisar for long-term investment. Our Inductive Load Bank is CE Certified which speaks for the quality itself and places an indelible remark in the Fatehpur. We are dedicated to the minute details and make the Inductive Load Bank free from any speck of error.
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We are one of the trusted Inductive Load Bank Exporters And Suppliers In Fatehpur who deliver the top quality Inductive Load Bank In Fatehpur at the most affordable price range. We are committed to designing and providing the safest Inductive Load Bank in the world with utmost precision. Get your top quality and customized Inductive Load Bank In Basti, Wolverhampton, Wisconsin with a click. We have a well-distributed network to deliver the Inductive Load Bank all over the world. So rely on us for compensation quality Inductive Load Bank In Fatehpur, we are committed to offering the best to you without any delay.
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To Military Mom | Interlocking Hearts Necklace
To Military Mom | Interlocking Hearts Necklace
Regular price
Regular price
Sale price
Unit price
Give her the gift that symbolizes your never-ending love. Featuring two lovely hearts embellished with cubic zirconia crystals, this Interlocking Hearts necklace is the perfect accessory for everyday wear. Whether it's a memorable anniversary or a special birthday, make sure to dazzle your special someone by gifting them this stunning necklace.
- Two heart pendants embellished with CZ crystals
- High quality polished surgical steel and rose gold finish or 18k yellow gold finish
- Pendant dimensions: 0.6" (1.5cm) height / 1.1" (2.7cm) width
- Adjustable length: 18" - 22" (45.72 cm - 55.88 cm)
- Lobster clasp
Your piece is lovingly packaged in a complimentary soft touch box for easy gifting. Elevate your presentation by upgrading to the mahogany style luxury box, which features a brilliant LED spotlight.
Shipping & Returns
Shipping & Returns
Shipping cost is based on number of items:
1 - 5 items: $4.99 shipping cost
6 - 11 items: $9.99 shipping cost
12 - 18 items: $15.99 shipping cost
18 + : will email to determine the cost


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Spinal Degeneration
Degeneration Phase 1
The first stage of spinal degeneration is when there is a minor loss of normal spine balance and spinal curvature. The surrounding features of the spine such as nerves, discs and joints begin to age quicker and are continually more stressed. This stage of the degeneration process rarely is accompanied with any major pain. At this point, there is a good chance that with the proper care, you can return to normal.
Degeneration Phase 2
In the second stage of spinal degeneration, there is a often narrowing of the discs and potentially deformation in the bones. Your posture is often beginning to degenerate as well at this point. As the spinal canal, or opening begins to narrow, there are often significant aches and pains associated. Fatigue and stress are more common at this stage. There is a good chance of improvement at this stage with the proper care.
Degeneration Phase 3
In the third stage of spinal degeneration, there is significant physical and mental involvement due to the level of issues here. There is most likely nerve damage as well as deformation of the bones and discs. There would be a significant loss of energy and height at this point. Some reversal is possible.
Degeneration Phase 4
In the fourth stage of spinal degeneration, most damage is permanent including scar tissue, nerve damage and deformation. At this point, the condition is irreversible. Management of pain and discomfort is the best option here.


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Only AudigyCertified™ practices have access to AGX® Hearing technology — always the most advanced and effective technology available.
But great technology is just the beginning for us. Understanding the way you live, your personal hearing needs, and the better-hearing goals you have for yourself helps us craft a more personalized and comprehensive hearing solution than anyone else can offer.


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Stocklmeir Elementary School
Stocklmeir Elementary School
The Boyenga Team Sells Cupertino Homes
As a top-producing husband and wife real estate team at Intero Real Estate, Eric and Janelle of the Boyenga Team offer persistent and aggressive marketing and the best real estate exposure in all the cities encompassing Santa Clara County. With over 30 years of combined real estate experience and backgrounds in design, communication, marketing, staging, spec-housing, construction and sales, our team can give you the representation you deserve.
Stocklmeir Elementary School Homepage
Stocklmeir Elementary School API Scores
Cupertino Community Information
With your free Buyer/Seller Property ToolKit, you get instant access to school scores and school ratings in Silicon Valley. Signing up is easy, and you can opt-out at anytime. Complete the form below, to be alerted via email, anytime a property becomes available near a top-rated Silicon Valley school!
Cupertino Homes for Sale
Let the Boyenga Team Represent You Today
Please feel free to browse through this site to explore one of Cupertino's finest neighborhoods. This comprehensive tool offers direct access to the latest properties for sale in Cupertino. Featuring extensive community information, consumer links, rentals, school information, free reports, answers to commonly asked real estate questions, and more, you will find everything about Cupertino real estate within one easy source.
Contacting the Boyenga Team is the best way to learn more about the Cupertino real estate market. Feel free to call us at 408.373.1660, or send us an email by clicking here.


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Phototherapy for Psoriasis
Treatment Overview
Phototherapy is the use of ultraviolet (UV) light to slow the rapid growth of new skin cells. This is helpful in treating psoriasis, which causes skin cells to grow too rapidly. There are two types of ultraviolet (UV) light therapy:
Ultraviolet B (UVB)
- Exposure times start at 30 to 60 seconds when therapy begins. You are exposed to the light until it causes the skin to turn slightly pink. When the skin no longer turns pink in the 24 hours after a treatment, the exposure time is increased.
- Treatments are given several times a week until the psoriasis clears up.
- UVB light is used alone, with tar products (Goeckerman treatment), or with anthralin applied to the skin (Ingram regimen).
One phototherapy option includes the use of narrow-band UVB light. This exposes you to only the wavelengths of light that work for treating psoriasis. Broadband UVB therapy uses a wider range of wavelengths.
A laser treatment for psoriasis (excimer laser) also uses UVB light. Excimer laser works well for psoriasis that has been hard to treat on the elbows and knees.footnote 1
Ultraviolet A (UVA)
- UVA penetrates deeper into the skin than UVB.
- Treatment with UVA typically takes 20 minutes for a session.
- UVA light used with psoralen drugs is called PUVA. With PUVA, the treatment time is greatly reduced, from 20 minutes to about 2 minutes.
Treatments with UVB and UVA
Phototherapy can be used alone or with medicines. UVB light therapy is used alone to treat severe psoriasis. Typically, when medicines for psoriasis are used with light therapy, you will use or take the medicine first. You may apply it to your skin, take it by mouth, or use it as bath salts in water. Then you will go into a booth and be exposed to the UV light. Using two kinds of treatment is called combination therapy. Three common combination therapies are:
- Psoralen and UVA light therapy (PUVA), which combines UVA exposure and a medicine (called a psoralen) that makes your skin more sensitive to light.
- The Ingram regimen, which combines anthralin, tar products, and UVB phototherapy.
- The Goeckerman treatment, a combination of tar products and UVB phototherapy.
Your body is exposed to UV light from banks of light tubes that give off either UVB or UVA light in a booth. Booths come in several designs. Some look like phone booths and you can stand in them. Others look like tanning beds and you can lie down during treatment. The booth will record the total amount of light you are exposed to.
In general, your entire body is exposed to the light. (If psoriasis affects only certain areas of your body, UV light may be directed at these selected areas only.) You will wear sunglasses that block UV light and goggles or a blindfold to protect your eyes from getting cataracts. Men may also need to shield their genitals to protect them from an increased risk of genital cancer.
What To Expect
As your skin recovers from treatment, it should be checked at least once or twice a year for signs of skin damage or skin cancer.
Why It Is Done
PUVA (the use of psoralen medicines with UVA light therapy) is usually used when psoriasis is disabling and safer treatments have not worked.
UVB light alone (without drugs) is used for widespread plaque psoriasis and guttate psoriasis.
How Well It Works
Phototherapy is usually an effective treatment for psoriasis.footnote 2 Partial to full skin clearing occurs after an average of 20 clinic treatments. More severe psoriasis may require more treatments. Using home equipment, which is less powerful than equipment at a clinic, takes 40 to 60 sessions to clear the skin.
Doses of UVB high enough to cause the skin to turn red, used with petroleum jelly (such as Vaseline) or other moisturizers, can clear psoriasis plaque.
When using UVA alone, treatments may be helpful but take much longer to clear psoriasis. UVA is very effective when used with a photosensitizing drug (psoralen). This combination treatment is called PUVA.
Risks of phototherapy include:
- Skin cancer. PUVA increases a person's risk for both melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer. And phototherapy isn't recommended for people who have a history of skin cancer.
- Skin damage. Long-term exposure to UVA light may lead to skin damage, aging, skin cancer, and cataracts. This risk of cataracts can be reduced by regular use of sunglasses that block UVA light when you are outdoors.
- Cancer. The male genitals are highly susceptible to the cancer-causing effects of both PUVA therapy and UVB therapy.
UVA produces fewer and milder short-term side effects than UVB.
What To Think About
Phototherapy requires a lot of time for treatment, and UV booth equipment is expensive. Commercial tanning beds, which emit UVA, are less effective for psoriasis than UV booths.
For people who have erythroderma or pustular psoriasis, UV treatment may make the condition worse.
The National Psoriasis Foundation provides information on where you can buy home light therapy equipment. Home light therapy should only be done under your doctor's supervision. For more information, see the organization's website at www.psoriasis.org.
- Gudjonsson JE, Elder JT (2012). Psoriasis. In LA Goldman et al., eds., Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine, 8th ed., vol. 1, pp. 197–231. New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Habif TP, et al. (2011). Psoriasis and other papulosquamous diseases. In Skin Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment, 3rd ed., pp. 120–153. Edinburgh: Saunders.
Current as of: April 1, 2019
Author: Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:Adam Husney, MD – Family Medicine & E. Gregory Thompson, MD – Internal Medicine & Martin J. Gabica, MD – Family Medicine & Amy McMichael, MD – Dermatology
Current as of: April 1, 2019
Author: Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:Adam Husney, MD – Family Medicine & E. Gregory Thompson, MD – Internal Medicine & Martin J. Gabica, MD – Family Medicine & Amy McMichael, MD – Dermatology
This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated, disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. Learn how we develop our content.


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When playing our facility, you can use your Smartphone as a GPS device with one of the following Free GPS Apps. These apps feature exact yardages to the front, center & back of our greens, and are good for almost any course in the United States.
Simply click one of the logos below to be directed to the manufacturer's website to download the proper version for your smartphone (iPhone or Android). Once you find and select our course, it will be added to your 'favorite courses' for future use anytime you start the App. The Free versions are more than enough for most, but each company also offers a 'Pro' version of the App for a small, one-time fee. These versions will provide additional features & functionality such as scorecards, maps, hole flyovers & stat tracking. Be sure to read the descriptions on each manufacturer's website, and it's completely OK to try both!
Note: Using "Apps" like these allows easy access without the need of your phone's browser. More importantly, it's also less draining on your smartphone's battery life, and uses less "mobile data" from your carrier. Below are the links to each website, and a few screenshots:
Manufacturer Websites:


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Condition: Used
Model: GOLF
Brand: VOLKSWAGEN
Category: Steering
Sub Category: STEERING WHEEL
Fuel Type:
Year: 2001
Tag Number: 0000033201
OEM Number: 1J0419091AA
Parts Experts Car Wreckers Shipping Policy
At Parts Experts Car Wreckers, we strive to provide seamless shipping services for all our customers. Below are the details of our shipping policy:
Shipping Methods: We offer various shipping methods to accommodate different needs and preferences:
Standard Shipping: This method typically takes 3-7 business days for delivery within the suburbs of Dandenong.
Expedited Shipping: For customers who require their orders urgently, we offer expedited shipping options with delivery typically within 1-3 business days.
Shipping Costs: Shipping costs are calculated based on several factors including the weight of the package, shipping destination, and selected shipping method. Customers can view the shipping costs at the checkout before completing their purchase.
Order Processing Time: Orders are typically processed and shipped within 1-2 business days of receiving payment. However, during peak seasons or promotional periods, processing times may be slightly longer. Customers will receive a confirmation email with tracking information once their order has been shipped.
Tracking Information: We provide tracking information for all shipped orders. Customers can track the status of their shipment using the provided tracking number through our website or the respective shipping carrier's website.
Shipping Restrictions: Certain products may be subject to shipping restrictions due to size, weight, or legal regulations. We adhere to all applicable shipping regulations and will notify customers if any restrictions apply to their order.
Damaged or Lost Shipments: In the rare event that a shipment is damaged or lost in transit, customers are encouraged to contact our customer service team immediately. We will work with the shipping carrier to resolve the issue and ensure a satisfactory outcome for the customer.
Address Accuracy: Customers are responsible for providing accurate shipping information at the time of checkout. We cannot be held liable for delays or additional charges incurred due to incorrect address information provided by the customer.
Shipping Partners: We partner with reputable shipping carriers to ensure reliable and timely delivery of all orders.
Contact Information: For any inquiries regarding our shipping policy or assistance with tracking a shipment, customers can contact our customer service team via email at email@example.com or by phone at +61 3 9013 9323.
Policy Updates: Parts Experts Car Wreckers reserves the right to update or modify this shipping policy at any time without prior notice. Any changes to the policy will be reflected on our website.
By placing an order with Parts Experts Car Wreckers, customers acknowledge and agree to abide by the terms outlined in this shipping policy.


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49 Spence Road, GRIFFITH
Please enter a search term.
Pets, on average, age five to eight times faster than humans. By age two, most pets have already reached adulthood. At age four, many are entering middle age. By age seven, many dogs, particularly larger breeds, are entering their senior years.
Because pets age so rapidly, major health changes can occur in a short amount of time. The risk of cancer, diabetes, obesity,arthritis, heart disease and other serious conditions all increase with age.
Today's pets are living longer than ever, chances are that many may experience a potentially serious illness during their lifetime. Annual health checks can help your veterinarian diagnose, treat or even prevent problems before they become life-threatening. They're also a great opportunity to ask us about nutrition, behaviour or any other issues.
Call us today to book a health check for your pet with one of our vets.
The most important annual health screenings for dogs and cats:
Parasite check
Heart check
Dental health
Blood test
Chemistry panel
Osteoarthritis check
Chest radiograph
Thyroid check
Renal disease screen
Blood pressure check


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Since I use Mac OS X (dual boot with Xubuntu) on Macbook Pro, Ubuntu on my main workstation, and Windows XP on some of our computers used for our family business, I'm looking forward to these consecutive "big-time" updates. However, I still haven't made up my mind if I'll immediately upgrade to the new versions. But I did a little research and collected some important information so that I could somehow find out early on if the upgrades will be worth it.
Mac OS X v10.6 (Snow Leopard)
* UI (User Interface) Enhancements:
- Stacks will allow viewing a subfolder without launching Finder. Stacks have also been modified to include scroll-bars for folders with many files;
- Contextual menus which come out of Dock icons now have more options and have a new look, with a semi-transparent charcoal background and white type;
- Exposé can now display all windows for a single program by left clicking and holding its icon in the dock;
- More reliable, higher-resolution iChat;
* System Enhancements:
- Faster installation, startup, shutdown, Time Machine backup and connection establishment;
- Smaller footprint compared to previous version (7GB of disk space will be freed);
- 64-bit support with nearly all system applications built with 64-bit code;
- New technologies introduced to enhance the performance of multiple processor cores and graphics processing units;
* Additional Features:
- New version of Quicktime;
- Out-of-the-box support for Microsoft Exchange;
- Automatic updates for printer drivers;
A complete list of features can be found HERE.
Windows 7
* UI (User Interface) Enhancements:
- A redesigned Windows Shell with a new taskbar;
- A new control panel interface;
- Windows Explorer now includes a desktop slideshow that changes the desktop background in a designated amount of time;
- Start menu and window management enhancements;
- The user interface for font management has been overhauled;
* System Enhancements:
- Faster boot speed;
- The DirectX version has been updated to 11;
- Multi-touch support for Tablet PCs and other capable devices;
- Native WWAN support, similar to native WiFi added in Vista;
- Enhanced security features;
* Additional Features:
- Calculator has been rewritten, with multiline capabilities including Programmer and Statistics modes along with unit conversion and date calculation;
- Office Open XML and ODF support in WordPad;
- Windows 7 will include Windows Media Player 12, along with new codecs for playing formats such as H.264, MPEG4-SP, ASP/Divx/Xvid, MJPEG, DV, Advanced Audio Coding (AAC-LC), AA;
- Windows XP Mode;
A more complete list of features can be found HERE.
Ubuntu 9.10 (Karmic Koala)
* UI (User Interface) Enhancements:
- Overall theme refresh;
- Using the most up-to-date GNOME version;
- A redesigned login manager;
* System Enhancements:
- Faster boot speed;
- Ext4 will be the default fileystem;
- Ubuntu One client will be installed by default;
* Additional Features:
- Empathy Instant Messenger will replace Pidgin;
- Will utilize GRUB 2 as its default boot loader;
I've noticed that Windows and Mac OS X is trying to be like Linux right now --fast and resource efficient. On the other hand, Linux on the desktop is still polishing its user-interface perhaps to be like Windows or Mac OS X. Although I now absolutely prefer Linux for its overall features, my geeky side still tells to me to check out Snow Leopard and Windows 7. Hopefully, I can share the complete experience with all of you here soon.