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- "There was a flash of blinding green light and a rushing sound, as though a vast, invisible something was soaring through the air -- instantaneously the spider rolled over onto its back, unmarked, but unmistakably dead"
- —Description of the Killing Curse being used by Barty Crouch Jr. disguised as Alastor Moody[src]
The Killing Curse is a spell that causes instantaneous death and is one of the three Unforgivable Curses. Its incantation is Avada Kedavra.
The only known counter-spell is sacrificial protection, which uses the magic of love. However, one may dodge the green bolt or block it with a physical barrier. The Killing Curse, as an "unblockable" Curse, cannot be intercepted by another spell, except in circumstances of Priori Incantatem, where the caster and his opponent's wands and spells are locked together. An explosion or green fire may result if the spell hits something other than a living target.
Only two wizards are known to have survived blows from this deadly curse: Harry Potter and Tom Riddle. Harry survived two direct attacks: once in 1981 after his mother's self-sacrificing love protected him from Lord Voldemort, and once in 1998 after the curse, cast again by Voldemort, failed to kill Harry, as he was tethered to life by Voldemort himself, due to Lily's blood protection which he took inside himself during his rebirth. Lord Voldemort remained alive after the aforementioned curse from 1981 rebounded and struck him because of his Horcruxes. Voldemort was notorious for using this curse regularly and indiscriminately.
The Killing Curse was invented during the early middle ages, by Dark witches or wizards. The curse was created primarily as a means of quickly and efficiently slaying one's opponent in a duel.[3]
Legal status
- "The Cruciatus, Imperius and Avada Kedavra Curses were not made "unforgivable" until 1717."
- —Albus Dumbledore[src]
Along with the Cruciatus and Imperius curses, the Killing Curse is known as one of the most terrible curses in the wizarding world. After the Wizards' Council was reformed into the Ministry of Magic tighter restrictions were placed on the use of certain kinds of magic. The Killing Curse was deemed by the Ministry to be Dark magic, and, along with the Cruciatus and Imperius curses, were declared "unforgivable" in 1717, with the Killing Curse considered to be the most deadly of the three. Cursing another human with the Killing Curse would carry the punishment of a life sentence in Azkaban.
However, the First Wizarding War, when Barty Crouch Sr. was in charge of the Department of Magical Law Enforcement, he fought violence with violence, legalizing the three Unforgivable Curses for Aurors against the Death Eaters in order to win the war. This was repealed once the war was over as it was no longer necessary, though, in the 1994–1995 school year, Barty Crouch Jr. (under the disguise of Alastor Moody) showed these three curses to his fourth year classes on spiders despite the Ministry's disapproval.
When Lord Voldemort took over the Ministry, the three curses were once again legalized: this time every wizard and witch had the right to use them as they please. In fact, they were practiced in Hogwarts as part of the curriculum of Dark Arts class under the tutelage of Professor Amycus Carrow. After Voldemort's death and the revolutionizing of the Ministry under Minister Kingsley Shacklebolt, the three curses were once again forbidden.
It should be noted that despite the curse being illegal, references have been made to Aurors using deadly force against opponents, though whether this means they were authorized to use the killing curse specifically is unclear. Despite the circumstances, it is unknown whether the Killing Curse was used by anyone but Voldemort and his Death Eaters during the Battle of Hogwarts. It is also known that use of this curse may go unpunished if there is sufficient evidence that the caster did so under the influence of the Imperius Curse.
The Killing Curse is recognizable by the flash of green light and the rushing noise emitted from the caster's wand. When the curse hits a living, organic target it invariably kills them without injury. However, when this curse hits an inanimate target the effect varies: it can produce small fires,[4] small greenish explosions,[5] or explosions of such intensity that can blow up an entire story of a cottage.[6] It is known by most wizards as Lord Voldemort's signature spell. Presumable, it kills it's target by tearing the victim's soul from their body.
However, certain objects, such as the centaur statue of the Fountain of Magical Brethren, managed to block the curse without any visible damage to itself.[7]It should be noted that curse did not terminate the animation of (i.e. "kill") the statue, however, the statue was only animated by magic and so presumably had no real life in him for the curse to take away.
- "Avada Kedavra's a curse that needs a powerful bit of magic behind it - you could all get your wands out and point them at me and say the words, and I doubt I'd get so much as a nosebleed."
- —Barty Crouch, Jr. as Alastor Moody[src]
The curse requires a great deal of magical talent to perform correctly. In 1994, Barty Crouch, Jr., disguised as Alastor Moody, claimed that, if all of the students before him were to get out their wands and perform it on him at one time, he would probably get nothing more than a nosebleed. However, as his loyalties were with Lord Voldemort, it is unknown to what extent his words were accurate. It is possible to cast the curse non-verbally, as Bellatrix killed a fox without incantation. However, the lack of the incantation may have been for suspense. Whether this is true or not is unknown.[8] Large amounts of concentration is likely required to cast the Killing Curse, which is probably why Death Eaters don't use it as their primary offensive spell (although Thorfinn Rowle did launch the curse repeatedly all over the place during the Battle of the Astronomy Tower).
The Killing Curse is described as a jet or flash of blinding green light that "illuminates every corner of the room"[9] followed by a rushing sound, which causes the victim instant death. Victims of the Killing Curse are identified by the fact that they simply appear to have dropped dead for no biological reason. Indeed, victims seem "perfectly healthy" apart from the fact that they are dead.[8] This lack of visible injuries is one that had confused Muggles throughout the years of its use, requiring many Ministry of Magic officials to modify memories.
Presumably, the Killing Curse does not inflict any pain on its target, since it causes instantaneous death. However, Harry Potter, awaking after a Killing Curse cast by Lord Voldemort hit him, describes the sensation as an "iron-clad punch."
- "Not pleasant. And there's no countercurse. There's no blocking it. Only one known person has ever survived it, and he's sitting right in front of me."
- —Barty Crouch Jr., disguised as Alastor Moody, on the survivability of the Killing Curse (E.g-Harry Potter) [src]
The Killing Curse can be dodged or physically blocked by an object, such as the statues Dumbledore animated to protect Harry Potter during his duel with Voldemort after the Battle of the Department of Mysteries.
The Killing Curse is known to be unblockable, as once it strikes the living victim, it almost always results in immediate death. There is "no counter-curse" since it is not possible to revive the dead. However there are some exceptions:
Sacrificial Protection
The most effective method of surviving the Killing Curse is through Sacrificial Protection. The sacrifice of one's life for another, a manifestation of the powerful magic of love, is the most potent defense against the "unblockable" Killing Curse. Harry Potter, was saved by his mother, Lily Evans, lovingly sacrificed herself when she shielded her son with her body[10], making him the first known survivor of this Curse. Harry Potter was the only person known to have survived The Killing Curse with no ill effects, aside from attaining a scar.
Another defense employed against the Killing Curse is the creation of at least one Horcrux. The creation of Horcruxes is a preventive measure, created by a wizard long before he faces an actual Killing Curse attack. However, this is less effective than Sacrificial Protection, since it only allows a little more than the soul of the target to live, while the target's body still dies. If one has Horcruxes, they will not be dead, but they will barely be alive and will be reduced, as Voldemort was when the Killing Curse backfired with his attempt to kill Harry in 1981. In 1991, while living off another Voldemort was drinking Unicorn Blood, using the Sorcerer's Stone (before it was destroyed), and creating a rudimentary body from Unicorn Blood and Nagini's venom.
Voldemort's Horcruxes tethered his soul to life. The Curse drove his mangled soul from his body and split his unstable soul, leaving him to roam only as a shadowy spirit, unable to move on to death but is a less-than-alive life form. If possible, one can make a Regeneration potion to came back to life, but it requires the bone of the father, the flesh of the servant, and the blood of an enemy.
Upon the destruction of all his Horcruxes, Voldemort had no more defence against death, and was finally killed by his own deflected Killing Curse.
The following are speculations on why only the Horcrux inside Harry Potter, and not Harry himself, had been killed by the Killing Curse in the Forbidden Forest.
Blood within Lord Voldemort
- Harry: "But if Voldemort used the Killing Curse, and nobody died for me this time -- how can I be alive?"
- Dumbledore: "I think you know. Think back. Remember what he did, in his ignorance, in his greed and cruelty."
- Harry: "He took my blood."
- Dumbledore: "Precisely! He took your blood and rebuilt his living body with it! Your blood in his veins, Harry, Lily's protection inside both of you! He tethered you to life while he lives [...] He took your blood believing it would strengthen him. He took into his body a tiny part of the enchantment your mother laid upon you when she died for you. His body keeps her sacrifice alive, and while that enchantment survives, so do you and so does Voldemort's one last hope for himself."
- — Dumbledore explaining the bond of blood to Harry.[src]
During his resurrection, Lord Voldemort used Harry's blood in reconstructing his body. According to Albus Dumbledore, since Harry's blood contained Lily's protection, and Voldemort took this blood for himself, Voldemort had unknowingly tethered Harry to life as long as he himself lives.
As such, the Sacrificial Protection lingering in Harry's blood, which Voldemort took, is similar to but superior to that of a Horcrux's. While a Horcrux requires the preservation of a piece of the soul within an object, blood with Sacrificial Protection required the preservation of the blood within another living entity. While a Horcrux protects the soul from death, blood with Sacrificial Protection is almost as good as Sacrificial Protection; it had the little side effect of Harry feeling an "iron-clad punch" after awakening.
During a discussion with Severus Snape, Dumbledore had specified that it is essential to the plan that Voldemort himself must [kill Harry]. Whether this is because only Voldemort can kill his own Horcrux within Harry, or whether the blood protection would only work specifically with Voldemort (Voldemort being the one from whom Lily had been protecting Harry) is unknown.
Mastery of the Elder Wand
Another thing that helped Harry survive when Voldemort tried to kill him in the Forbidden Forest was that Harry was the true master of the Elder Wand, a wand fabled to be unbeatable. Despite Voldemort physically possessing the Elder Wand (having removed it from the tomb of its last master, Dumbledore), he never truly conquered the Elder Wand from its previous owner. Harry, however, did gain its loyalty much earlier: Draco Malfoy "won" the wand from Dumbledore unknowingly, so it was loyal to him, but Harry beat Draco at the Skirmish at Malfoy Manor, so Harry was the true Owner of the wand despite both of them never touching it. The wand wouldn't kill its own master, so when Voldemort tried to murder Harry, the curse only destroyed the part of Voldemort's soul living in Harry and then, when Harry and Voldemort duelled for the final time, the wand backfired and killed Voldemort himself.
Blocking the Curse
Priori Incantatem
The Priori Incantatem effect is when two wands that share the same cores are put into battle against each other. One wand will then force the other wand to repeat its previously-cast spells.
Because of this, a Killing Curse can be blocked if a wand that shares the killer's wand's core fires a spell at it: both spells will connect and thus the wizard has been spared by the Killing Curse. However, since wands with twin cores are extremely rare, this method cannot be employed "at will".
Priori Incantatem occurred in the duel between Harry and Voldemort in the graveyard during Harry's fourth year [1]. Voldemort cast the Killing Curse and Harry cast the Disarming Charm, and because their wands had twin cores, Priori Incantantem occurred; Harry was not killed and was able to hold Voldemort off to give him time to escape.
Phoenixes are semi-protected from the Killing Curse, due to them being immortal. In 1996, Fawkes swallowed one intended for Albus Dumbledore, causing him to burst into flame and die instantly. However, he then was reborn from his ashes.[7]
Stunning Spell
The spell can be directly countered using a Stunning Spell, in which case red and green jets of light will meet and create multi-coloured sparks. Since neither spell is able to reach its intended target, neither will have any effect.
Other Targets and Dodging
If another target is placed between the caster and the targeted individual, then the new target will take the hit of the Killing Curse, which may simply result in an object being destroyed or damaged. One can also avoid the effects simply by dodging or if the caster has poor aim, as with many attacking curses of this type, the spell must be directly targeted at the intended victim.
Known practitioners
- Lord Voldemort
- Bellatrix Lestrange
- Bartemius Crouch Jr.
- Peter Pettigrew
- Severus Snape
- Thorfinn Rowle
- Vincent Crabbe
- Lucius Malfoy
- Other Death Eaters and Dark Wizards
Known victims
Avada Kedavra is either based on the Aramaic עַבְדָא כְּדַברָא, avda kedavra, meaning "what was said has been done", or on the Aramaic אַבַדָא כְּדַברָא, avada kedavra, meaning "be destroyed at this word". J. K. Rowling seemed to support the second theory as the source, during an audience interview at the Edinburgh Book Festival on 15 April, 2004, where she had this to say about the spell's etymology: "Does anyone know where avada kedavra came from? It is an ancient spell in Aramaic, and it is the original of abracadabra, which means 'let the thing be destroyed.' Originally, it was used to cure illness and the 'thing' was the illness, but I decided to make it the 'thing' as in the person standing in front of me. I take a lot of liberties with things like that. I twist them round and make them mine."[11] This phrase is also the origin of abracadabra, which, like hocus pocus, is used by magicians as a magic word when they perform tricks.[12]
"Kedavra" also sounds very similar to the English word cadaver, which means "corpse," and derives from the Latin cadere, "to fall."[13]
Behind the scenes
- The biological reasons for the victim's death have never been fully explained. It is possible that the victim's internal organs cease function, or that once the spell hits a person's body, it simply kills every living cell in the victim's body. It could also cause sudden brain death, simply stopping the progress of every electrical synapse in the brain simultaneously by draining all potential energy there. In addition to this, it is possible that it causes a person's soul to "pass on", and leave the body, similar to when the body dies naturally, and the soul passes on into whatever afterlife there may be. In any case, it is something that does not affect the health of the victims, as Muggle autopsy show that there is no change aside from outright death.
- In PC version of Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone, Quirrell frequently shoots Harry with a green mist-like spell that may be a Killing Curse though it doesn't kill instantly. Harry deflects the "Killing Curse" spells back to Voldemort later with the Mirror of Erised, eventually killing him.
- In the film adaptation of Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, Lucius Malfoy says "Avada" at Harry Potter after he unwillingly frees Dobby. Dobby knocks Lucius backwards with magic to protect Harry, and he does not finish the incantation. The part of the incantation shown, for plot reasons, was not represented in the subtitles. However, on the DVD if the audio is set to Spanish, Lucius says what it sounds like "Arara" in a more of a shouting way than hissing. It should be noted that Lucius Malfoy saying "Avada" was an ad-lib by his actor Jason Isaacs, as the script did not specify which curse he was supposed to use in the scene, so he used the first curse that came to his mind.[citation needed]
- In the film adaptation of Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Bellatrix Lestrange is shown using the Killing Curse to murder Sirius Black in a scene fundamentally different from that of the novel, in which Sirius was pushed through the Veil by an unidentified curse cast by Bellatrix. The effect of the curse is also not shown to be instantaneous in the film.
- In Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, Sirius Black and Remus Lupin intended to kill Peter Pettigrew for his betrayal of James and Lily Potter. It is unknown how they wanted to do it, possibly by the use of this curse. If it would have been used, Peter would have died the same way as his former friends.
- Out of the three, the Killing Curse is the only Unforgivable Curse that Harry did not use.
- After Harry Potter survived a second killing curse, he described it as having left a bruise that felt like an "iron-clad punch."
- In the Harry Potter LEGO game, Frank Bryce is replaced by a milkman. However, his death by this curse cannot be considered canon as no echo of him appeared during the Duel in Little Hangleton.
- In Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 2, Voldemort kills Pius Thicknesse with the Killing Curse after the latter interrupts the former's thoughts. It is unknown if Pius survived the Battle of Hogwarts in the book, but it is certain that Voldemort did not kill him.
- While the curse is noted to be unblockable, in Part 2 of the final film Harry is seen blocking it many times from Voldemort, and Bellatrix blocking it from Molly Weasley four times despite it being unblockable with a Shield Charm. Therefore the films portray it as blockable. Additionally, the seventh book describes a scenario in which jets of red and green light intersect and form multi-coloured sparks, suggesting that there was in fact a method of blocking. It is possible that the fake Moody was referring to specific defences, such as a Shield Charm or protecting one's mind.
- The Killing Curse is not the only spell that can cause death to a living creature. Other spells may cause grievous injury, such as Fiendfyre, Sectumsempra, Antonin Dolohov's curse, the Blasting Curse, or an overuse of the Stunning Spell. Furthermore, it's likely that many spells can potentially cause death under certain circumstances, such as Impedimenta off a cliff, Diffindo across the throat, etc. Using the Imperius Curse on someone and ordering the person to commit suicide could also kill someone. However, this is the only spell whose sole and primary application is to cause death.
- In the video game of the first part film adaption of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, Cadmus Peverell uses the Killing Curse to commit suicide.
- In Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 2, Ron Weasley casts a green spell in an attempt to kill Voldemort's snake Nagini (one of his Horcruxes). It is unknown if it is the Killing Curse or not, although it was unsuccessful.
- In Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 2, the Killing Curse rebounds on Voldemort during his duel with Harry by the green light of the curse emitting through the crack in the Elder Wand, causing Voldemort's hand to turn black and spread, leading to his death.
- In Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 2, the rebounding Killing Curse affects Voldemort by causing him to disintegrate into ashes instead of leaving his physical body dead.
- The curse's incantation was Voldemort's last words in life in the novel.
- Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone (First appearance) (Appears in flashback(s))
- Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone (film) (Appears in flashback(s))
- Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone (video game) (Possible appearance)
- Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (film) (Avada only)
- Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (First identified as Killing Curse)
- Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (film)
- Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (video game)
- Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
- Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film)
- Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
- Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (film)
- Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (video game)
- Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
- Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 1
- Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 1 (video game)
- Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 2
- Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 2 (video game)
- The Tales of Beedle the Bard (Mentioned only)
- LEGO Harry Potter: Years 1-4
- LEGO Harry Potter: Years 5-7
- Harry Potter: Spells
- Pottermore (Mentioned only)
Notes and references
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire
- ↑ Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 2
- ↑ The Tales of Beedle the Bard
- ↑ Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, ch. 36
- ↑ Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (film) and Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film)
- ↑ Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, ch. 17
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
- ↑ Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
- ↑ Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone
- ↑ Edinburgh Book Festival interview
- ↑ "Abracadabra" on Wiktionary
- ↑ "Cadaver" on The Online Etymology Dictionary"


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At the end of this first month of the year and of the decade, a blessing:
On the day when
The weight deadens
On your shoulders
And you stumble,
May the clay dance
To balance you.
And when your eyes
Freeze behind
The gray window
And the ghost of loss
Gets into you,
May a flock of colors,
indigo, red, green,
And azure blue,
Come to awaken in you
A meadow of delight.
When the canvas frays
In the curragh of thought
And a stain of ocean
Blackens beneath you,
May there come across the waters
A path of yellow moonlight
To bring you safely home.
May the nourishment of the earth be yours,
May the clarity of light be yours,
May the fluency of the ocean be yours,
May the protection of the ancestors be yours.
And so may a slow
Wind work these words
Of love around you,
An invisible cloak
To mind your life.
— John O'Donohue, To Bless the Space Between Us: A Book of Blessings


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Eraser Emoji Clip Art
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Great Lent and Pascha |
The Feast of Feasts the Holy Pascha the Resurrection of the Lord-is the climax of the Church's liturgical year and is also the most glorious, most joyful and bright festival of the Christian Church. On it Our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ arose as victor over death, destroying the power of death over man once and for all and annulling the curse pronounced upon man in Paradise. But, before the bright joy of Pascha, the Church has ordained a lengthy period of repentance and spiritual searching a period of preparation, so to speak the 40-day Great Lent. The Forty Days of Great Lent commemorates Israel's forty years of wandering in the Wilderness the forty years of painful struggle as Israel longed for and then received entrance into the Promised Land (Ex. 16:35) Moses remained fasting on Mt. Sinai for forty days (Ex. 34:28) and the Prophet Elijah fasted for forty days as he journeyed to Mt. Horeb (1 Kings 19:8). Great Lent also recalls the forty days the Lord spent in the Wilderness after His Baptism, when He contended with Satan, the Temptor. The time of Great Lent encompasses forty days, to which must be added Lazarus Saturday, Palm Sunday and Passion Week. In addition, the Holy Church prescribed three weeks of preparation for the Great Lent itself the Sundays of the Publican and the Pharisee, Prodigal Son, Meatfare and Cheesefare. In all, the Orthodox Church prescribes ten weeks of spiritual and bodily preparation for the joyous Pascha of the Lord. The Date of Pascha.The time of the Great Lent is dependent on the date of Pascha, which varies from year to year. According to a Canon of the First Ecumenical Council (Nicea 325), Holy Pascha is the first Sunday after the first Full Moon which falls upon or immediately after the Spring Equinox (according to ancient reckoning March 21). In addition, this Council decreed that Pascha cannot precede or fall on the Jewish Passover (14th day of the Month Nissan). The Full Moon used for the purposes of calculating the date of Pascha is the fourteenth day of a Lunar Month reckoned according to an ancient ecclesiastical computation and is not the actual astronomical Full Moon. The number of days between each Full Moon (the Lunar Month) is not exact according to the Solar Calendar (usually about 29V& days) and ancient calendars added or subtracted a period called an epact to harmonize the Lunar and Solar Calendars. These epacts as calculated by the Orthodox Church, vary from those calculated by the Western Churches. In addition, the Western Churches do not follow the Nicean Council's decree that Pascha must not precede or fall on the Jewish Passover, and it is for these reasons that there is often a great variance from one year to the next between the Orthodox Church and the Western Churches concerning the date of Holy Pascha. Sundays of Preparation.Sunday of the Publican and the Pharisee. The first Sunday of Preparation (three weeks before the start of Great Lent) is the Sunday of the Publican and the Pharisee, in which we are exhorted to true repentance and encouraged to follow the self-abasement of the Publican rather than the spiritual pride of the Pharisee. At the Matins Service we sing for the first time the beautiful Lenten hymn, Open to me the gates of repentance.../'reminding us of the open gateway through which all must enter on the way to Pascha. We also note that this week is fast-free. Sunday of the Prodigal Son.The next Sunday of Preparation (two weeks before Great Lent) is the Sunday of the Prodigal Son, which reminds us that not only must we repent and undergo a change of heart, but that we must also exercise an act of will, in that we must get up and actually set off on our journey. In our own lives we can see a parallel; for how often do we repeat the cycle of the Prodigal son willful departure from God's house, a life of wantonness, misery at our fallen state, repentance, return to god the Father and divine forgiveness? On this Sunday, at the Matins Service we also sing the beautiful hymn of remembrance, By the waters of Babylon... (also sung the next two Sundays), reminding us of the heavenly Zion from which we have been exiled. Sunday of Meatfare Sunday of the Last Judgment.The next Sunday of Preparation, Meatfare Sunday, is the last day on which meat is permitted to be consumed until Holy Pascha. Otherwise, during the course of this week, on each day, all other animal products (including milk, cheese, eggs, butter, as well as fish) may be consumed. This is to remind us of the upcoming rigors of the Great Fast. The theme of this Sunday is the Last Judgment and the lot of those who turn from God, and those who return to Him. Sunday of Cheesefare Forgiveness Sunday the Expulsion of Adam from Paradise.The last Sunday before the Great Lent, Cheesefare Sunday, is also the last day of preparation. It is called Cheesefare because on the next day we begin a total fast from all animal products, as well as from fish, wine and oil (fish, wine and oil will be allowed only on the Feasts of the Annunciation and Palm Sunday), continuing until Holy Pascha. An important theme of this day is the Expulsion of Adam from Paradise, which reminds us of that from which we have fallen. Another theme is forgiveness, since we cannot even begin our spiritual journey without granting forgiveness to those who have offended us and asking forgiveness of those whom we have offended. A special feature of this day is the very moving Forgiveness Vespers, at which we all ask and grant mutual forgiveness. At this Service, after the singing of the Great Prokeimenon, the liturgical vestments and furnishings are changed to dark colors, and the special Lenten melodies used. Great Lent.On the Monday following the Sunday of Cheesefare, we formally begin the 40-day Great Lent and, of course, one of its features is its rigorous fasting (cf. the section entitled Fasting in this chapter). In addition, there are some special features of the liturgical Services. The usual Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom is not served on the weekdays of Great Lent (with the exception of the Feast of the Annunciation), but is replaced by the special Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts, at which the faithful commune of the Holy Gifts which were presanctified at the previous Sunday's Liturgy. In addition, the penitential Service of Great Compline is sung, at which, on the first four days of this first week (as well as on Thursday of the Fifth Week) the Great Canon of St. Andrew of Crete is read. This Canon is a long penitential composition of 250 verses expressing the longings of a guilty and penitent soul. This week we are also introduced to the moving Lenten prayer of St. Ephraim the Syrian, setting forth the essence of spiritual life. This prayer is said at each of the liturgical Services throughout the weekdays of Great Lent and the first half of Passion Week. The Lenten Prayer of St. Ephrem the Syrian. O Lord and Master of my life! Take from me the spirit of sloth, despair? lust of power and idle talk. But give rather the spirit of chastity, humility, patience and love to Thy servant, Yea, O Lord and King! Grant me to see my own transgressions and not to judge my Brother; for Blessed art Thou, unto ages of ages. Amen. All of the Sundays of Great Lent (with the exception of Palm Sunday) the usual Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom is replaced by the longer Liturgy of St. Basil the Great. This Liturgy is especially characterized by its longer and very moving prayers. First Sunday of Great Lent Sunday of Orthodoxy.The First Sunday of Great Lent is dedicated to the final triumph of the Church over the iconoclasts and the restoration of the Holy Icons to the churches, which took place on the First Sunday of Lent, March 11, 843. Thus it is called the Sunday of Orthodoxy. As the Orthodox triumphed during the iconoclastic controversy because of the dedication of the Martyrs and Confessors who suffered for the Faith, so too, we strive to imitate these Martyrs by our own ascetical self-denial. A special feature of this day is the Office of Orthodoxy, at which a procession with the Holy Icons is made, and sixty anathemas pronounced against various heretics and heresies of the 4th-14th Centuries. Second Sunday of Great Lent St. Gregory Palamas. The Second Sunday of Great Lent is dedicated to St. Gregory Palamas, Archbishop of Thessalonica. St. Gregory's triumph over the heretics of his time is seen as a renewal of the Triumph of Orthodoxy of the previous Sunday. Another theme of this Sunday is that of the Prodigal Son as a model of repentance, for which a special Canon is devoted at this Sunday's Matins. Third Sunday of Great Lent Veneration of the Cross.The Third Sunday of Great Lent is dedicated to the Cross and the bringing-out of the Precious Cross, which closely parallels the ceremonies of the Feast of the Exaltation of the Cross on Sept. 14. At this time we are reminded of the upcoming crucifixion of the Lord and strengthened to persevere in our Lenten struggles. The Fourth Sunday of Great Lent St. John Climacus.The Fourth Sunday is dedicated to St. John Climacus (of The Ladder), Abbot of Sinai, who, because of his ascetical writing (The Ladder) serves as a model of a true Christian ascetic. The Ladder is appointed by the Church to be read during Great Lent. In the course of this week (the Fifth Week of Great Lent) the Great Canon of St. Andrew of Crete is read on Thursday in its entirety, as well as a Canon to St. Mary of Egypt. In addition, St. Mary's Life is read. On Saturday of this week the Akathist Hymn to the Most-Holy Theotokos is sung with everyone standing (Akathistos means not sitting). It reminds us that we are dependent on the protecting intercession of the Holy Theotokos at all moments of crisis and danger. The Fifth Sunday of Great Lent St. Mary of Egypt.The Fifth Sunday of Great Lent is dedicated to St. Mary of Egypt. St. Mary was a harlot living in the Egyptian city of Alexandria who later repented and lived the rest of her life in solitude in the Egyptian desert, serving as a model of repentance to all Christians. The end of this week the Sixth marks the end of Great Lent and the beginning of Passion Week. Passion (Holy) Week.Lazarus Saturday and Palm Sunday.Immediately after the end of the forty days of penitence and before the days of darkness and mourning of Passion Week, the Holy Church celebrates the bright festivals of Lazarus Saturday and Palm Sunday. Lazarus Saturday commemorates the raising of Lazarus from the dead and serves as a reminder that Jesus is the Master of life and death, and foreshadows the Lord's glorious Resurrection eight days later. Palm Sunday, of course, commemorates Our Lord's glorious entrance into Jerusalem. On this day Palm branches are blessed and held by the faithful (pussy-willow branches in the Russian Church) in remembrance of that joyous day. Holy Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday.The next three days (Holy Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday) are characterized by the beautiful and moving melody sung at Matins, Behold, the Bridegroom comes as midnight..., for which reason the Matins of these three days is called Bridegroom Matins. The theme is taken from the Parable of the Ten Virgins (Matt. 25:1-13) and serves to remind us of the urgency of the End it is near at hand and we must be watchful and repent while there is still time. Holy Thursday.On this day we commemorate the washing of the disciple's feet, the institution of the Holy Eucharist (the Last Supper), the agony in the Garden of Gethsemane, and the betrayal of Christ by Judas. In certain cathedrals and monasteries a special Service is celebrated in which the Bishop (or Abbot), taking the place of Christ, washes the feet of twelve Priests, representing the Twelve Apostles. In addition, the Holy Chrism is consecrated on this day by the various Patriarchates and Autocephalous Churches. Holy Friday.On this day we commemorate Christ's suffering and death. The Matins Service is characterized by the reading of the Twelve Passion Gospels which relate events connected with the final hours from the Last Supper to the Lord's Crucifixion, Death and Burial. That morning the more solemn Royal Hours are said, and at the Vespers Service sung that afternoon, the Burial Shroud (Russian Plaschanitsa; Greek Epitaphion) is brought out in a solemn procession and placed in a specially-prepared place (the Grave) for veneration. On this day neither the full Liturgy (except if the Feast of the Annunciation falls on this day) nor that of the Presanctified Gifts is celebrated. Holy Saturday.On this day we commemorate the burial of Christ and His descent into Hell. At the Matins Lamentations Service the Praises are sung before the Burial Shroud in the center of the church and culminates in a solemn procession with the Holy Shroud around the church. On Holy Saturday (according to the Typikon, at 4:00 p.m.), the Vespers with the Liturgy of St. Basil is celebrated with the reading of fifteen Old Testament lessons which refer to Passover, the Resurrection and Baptism. At this time the liturgical vestments and furnishings are changed to white. [Here we must remember that in the ancient Church the Catechumens were baptized on this day, which accounts for the singing of As many as have been baptized into Christ... instead of the Trisagion at the Liturgy, and the changing of the liturgical colors to white the Baptismal colors.] At the conclusion of the Service (which in ancient times ended about 8:00 p.m.) the Faithful assemble in the now-darkened church for the reading of the Acts of the Apostles. Shortly before Midnight, the Resurrection Nocturns is sung and all of the lights are extinguished. The faithful wait in silence for the moment when the Priest will come out of the Altar with a lit candle, symbolizing the Light of the Risen Christ and the beginning of the Holy Pascha of the Lord the Feasts of Feasts. Holy Pascha.At the stroke of Midnight, the clergy come out of the Holy Altar, all of the candles are lit, and a joyous, festive procession circles the church three times with the singing of the hymn: Thy Resurrection, O Christ our Savior, the angels in heaven sing. Enable us on earth to glorify Thee in purity of heart. Stopping before the closed outer doors of the church, the Priest exclaims the Paschal verses, Let God arise..., while the Faithful sing the triumphant Paschal hymn, Christ is risen from the dead, trampling down death by death, and upon those in the tombs bestowing life. The Clergy and Faithful now re-enter the church and the singing of the Paschal Canon, This is the Day of Resurrection..., with numerous repetitions of the Paschal hymn, Christ is risen..., begins. At many points during the Service the Clergy exclaim, Christ is risen! and the Faithful respond, Indeed, He is risen! The church is filled with the Faithful holding lit candles and the Clergy in bright vestments. At the conclusion of the Matins, the catechetical address of St. John Chrysostom is read, summoning all, even those who have come only at the eleventh hour, to the great Paschal Banquet. Matins is then followed by the Paschal Liturgy. The Catechetical Sermon of St. John Chrysostom.[The Catechetical Sermon of St. John Chrysostom is read by the Celebrant at the end of the Pascha Matins. No one sits during the reading, but all stand and listen with reverence.] If any man be devout and loves God, let him enjoy this fair and radiant triumphal Feast. If any man be a wise servant, let him, with, rejoicing, enter into the joy of his Lord. If any have labored long in fasting, let him now receive his recompense. If any have wrought from the first hour, let him today receive his just reward. If any have come at the third hour, let him with thankfulness keep the Feast. If any have arrived at the sixth hour, let him have no misgivings; because he shad in no way be deprived thereof. If any have delayed until the ninth hour, let him draw near, fearing nothing. If any have tarried even until the eleventh hour, let him, a(so, be not alarmed at his tardiness; for the Lord, Who is jealous of His honor, will accept the Cost even as the first; He gives rest to him who comes at the eleventh hour, even as to him. who has wrought from the first hour. And he shows mercy upon the last, and cares for the first, and to the one He gives, and upon the other He Bestows gifts. And He both accepts the deeds, and welcomes the intention, and honors the acts and praises the offering. Wherefore, enter all of you into the joy of your Lord, and receive your reward, both, the first, and likewise the second. You rich and poor together, hold high festival. You sober and you heedless, honor the day. Rejoice today, both, you who have fasted and you who have disregarded the Fast. The table is fully-laden) all of you feast sumptuously. The calf is fatted; let no one go hungry away. Enjoy all of you the Feast of faith: Receive all the riches of Coving-fondness. Let no one bewail his poverty, for the universal kingdom has been revealed. Let no one weep for his iniquities, for pardon has shone forth from the grave. Let no one fear death, for the Savior's death has set us free. He that was held prisoner of it has annihilated it. By descending into Hell, He made Hell captive. He embittered it when it tasted of His flesh. And Isaiah, foretelling this, did cry: Hell, said he, was embittered, when it encountered Thee in the lower regions. It was embittered, for it was abolished. It was embittered, for it was mocked. It was embittered, for it was slain, It was embittered, for it was overthrown. It was embittered, for it was fettered in chains. It took a body, and met God face to face. It took earth and encountered Heaven. It took that which was seen, and fell upon the unseen. O Death, where is your sting? O Hell, where is your victory? Christ is risen, and you are overthrown. Christ is risen, and the demons are fallen. Christ is risen, and the angels rejoice. Christ is risen, and life reigns. Christ is risen, and not one dead remains in the grave. For Christ, being risen from the dead, is become the first-fruits of those who have fallen asleep. To Him be glory and dominion unto ages of ages. Amen. At the conclusion of the Liturgy, a special bread, called the Artos, is placed before the opened Holy Doors and the clergy and faithful proceed to the Blessing of the Paschal Baskets in which the faithful have placed specially prepared foods from which they had abstained during the Great Lent. A special item among these foods is the decorated Pascha bread (in Russian Kulich), as well as specially-prepared cheese and egg dishes. Thus we celebrate the Glorious Resurrection of Our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. The Artos.In the Orthodox Church it is the custom for a single loaf of blessed bread (Greek Artos) to lie before the Iconostasis throughout Bright Week in memory of the Risen Christ, before it is shared out among the whole congregation. Depicted on the top of the Artos are either the symbol of Christ's victory over death the Cross, surmounted by a crown of thorns, or the Resurrection of Christ. On the first day of Pascha, during the Liturgy, after the Prayer Before the Ambo, the Artos is blessed by a special prayer and sprinkling with Holy Water. Throughout Bright Week, at the end of the Liturgy, the Artos is carried around the church in solemn procession. On the Saturday of Bright Week it is distributed as a blessing of the Archpastor to the congregation (sometimes after Sunday Liturgy on St. Thomas Sunday). The significance of the Artos is that it serves to remind all Christians of the events connected with the Resurrection of Our Lord Jesus Christ. While still living on earth, the Lord called Himself the Bread of Life, saying: I am the bread of life; he who comes to Me shall not hunger, and He who believes in Me shall never thirst (John 6:35). After His Resurrection, more than once Jesus appeared to His disciples, ate before them and blessed their own food. For example, as evening fell on the first day of His Resurrection, He was recognized in Emmaus by two of His disciples as He blessed and broke bread (Luke 24:13-35). On the 40th day after His Resurrection, the Lord ascended into heaven, and His disciples and followers found comfort in their memories of the Lord: they recalled His every word, His every step and His every action. When they met for common prayer, they would partake of the Body and Blood of Christ, remembering the Last Supper. When they sat down to an ordinary meal, they would leave a place at the head of the table empty for the invisibly present Lord and would lay bread on that place. Remembering this custom of the Apostles', the Fathers of the Church made it their custom to put out the Artos at the Paschal Feast in memory of the appearances of the Risen Lord to His disciples, and also in memory of the fact that the Lord Who suffered and was resurrected for our justification has made Himself the true Bread of Life and is invisibly present in His church always, to the close of the age (Matt. 28:20). Whereas special Paschal breads, called kulichi are broken and eaten on the first day of Pascha, the Artos is kept whole throughout the whole of Bright Week as a reminder of the presence of the Risen Savior in the midst of those who believe in Him and is only divided and distributed on Saturday. In this way Bright Week begins and ends with the eating of especially baked and blessed bread. The Artos may also be compared to the unleavened bread of the Old Testament, of which ancient Israel, delivered from their captivity in the land of Egypt, ate during the week of the Passover (Ex. 12:15-20). As Cyril, Bishop of Turov, who lived during the 12th Century in Russia, said in a sermon for the Sunday after Pascha: Even as the Jews bore the unleavened bread upon their heads out of Egypt through the desert (Ex. 12:34) until they had crossed the Red Sea, after which they dedicated the bread to God, divided it amongst all their host, and having all eaten thereof, became...terrible to their enemies, even so do we, saved by our Resurrected Lord from the captivity of that Pharaoh of the mind, the Devil, bear forth the blessed bread the Artos from the day of the Resurrection of Christ and, finally, having dedicated this bread to God, we eat of it and preserve it to the health of body and soul. It is a custom among Russian Orthodox Christians to this day to keep the Artos throughout the year and with due reverence and faith to eat of it in time of illness or distress. This is eaten, often together with a drink of Holy Water, which had been blessed at the Feast of the Theophany of Our Lord. Bright Week.On the afternoon of Paschal Sunday, a special Paschal Vespers is served, characterized by the singing of the Great Prokeimenon. All of the services of this Bright Week are characterized by the joyous Paschal Hymns which had been sung on Pascha itself and the constant, Christ is risen from the dead.... All of the Faithful, when encountering each other at home, at work, in church, etc., greet each other with the Paschal Greeting and Response, Christ is Risen! Indeed, He is risen! and the threefold Kiss of Peace. During the course of this week all the doors of the Iconostasis remain open, symbolizing our free access to the Holy of Holies that our Great High Priest, Jesus Christ, opened to us by His Blood. The Burial Shroud remains on the Holy Table and the Liturgies are celebrated upon it. No fasting is permitted during this week and no kneeling until the Vespers of Holy Pentecost, fifty days hence. Paschal Hymn to the Theotokos.[Sung after the 8th Ode of the Paschal Canon.] The Angel cried to the Lady Full of Grace: |
Excerpt taken from "These Truths We Hold - The Holy Orthodox Church: Her Life and Teachings". Compiled and Edited by A Monk of St. Tikhon's Monastery. Copyright 1986 by the St. Tikhon's Seminary Press, South Canaan, Pennsylvania 18459. To order a copy of "These Truths We Hold" visit the St. Tikhon's Orthodox Seminary Bookstore. |


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Tribal Sil Necklace
Tribal Sil Necklace
Vintage silver necklace from Rajasthan strung in adjustable cotton thread.
129 gram
Silver 80%
Care Instructions
Care Instructions
* Make sure to keep your oxidised jewellery away from moisture. It is suggested to store each piece individually in a zip lock plastic pouch to make sure there is no contact with air.
* When wearing oxidised jewellery, make sure that it does not come in contact with perfume or any cosmetic products. Let your perfume dry before wearing the jewellery.
* If the jewellery does get oxidised further, clean it very gently using dry toothpaste powder and soft cloth to bring back it's original sheen.
* Put the jewellery in a bowl of tomato ketchup for 5-10 minutes to remove the tarnish. The acid in the tomatoes oxidises with tarnished silver, which helps in keeping your oxidised jewellery as new as you bought.
* The fastest and easiest method to maintain the jewellery is by using toothpaste. Just rub the white toothpaste on the jewellery and rinse it off with warm water.
* Cover the jewellery generously with baking soda and leave for 30 minutes. Rinse it off with hot water.
Country Of Origin
Country Of Origin
Let customers speak for us
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The piece I bought is even more beautiful than the picture.
Pls mention size clearly.
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Baby Safety Tips
Fall Prevention and Baby Safety
When babies first learn to walk, stumbles and falling on their bottoms is inevitable, which is completely fine. With active supervision and by following a few tips, we'll help you make sure all the falls are harmless. Your baby is far too pretty and innocent; you dont want terrible things to happen to your bunddle of joy.
Top Safety Tips
- Keep babies and young kids strapped in when using high chairs, infant carriers, swings and strollers. When placing your baby into a carrier, remember to place the carrier on the floor, not on top of a table or other furniture.
- For your crawlers and climbers, move chairs, cribs and other furniture away from windows to help prevent window falls.
- Baby walkers can be dangerous, so try using a stationary activity center. These items give your baby a chance to practice standing and moving more safely. Look for one that is on a stable, non-moveable base and place it away from stairs, hot appliances or window cords.
- If a baby is in a walker at home, the baby must be actively supervised at all times. Walkers can easily fall down stairs, tip over or help your child gain access to hazards in the home.
- Secure TVs and furniture to the wall using mounts, brackets, braces, anchors or wall straps to prevent tip-overs.
- Screens are meant to keep bugs out, not children in. Properly install window guards to prevent unintentional window falls. For windows above the first floor, include an emergency release device in case of fire.
- Use approved safety gates at the tops and bottoms of stairs and attach them to the wall, if possible. Remember to read the manufacturer's instructions and warning labels to make sure you have the right gate for your needs. Not all gates are safe for use at the top of the stairs.
- If you are placing your child in a shopping cart seat, use a harness or safety belt. If the belt is missing or broken, select another cart.
What You Need to Know


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Results Found
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Updated:25th July, 2024 6:47 PM (UTC).


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Although some names possibly appear suitable and have some of the qualities you are looking for, the name may not harmonize with your last name and the baby's birth date and could create restrictions and lack of success.
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Alphabetical list of first names
Updated July 25, 2024
Your name of Willaphane has made you a sociable ... All names are not equal. Willaphane, the names you use create your life experiences. Find out how the meaning of Willaphane and the energy of your name have shaped your life. Request a Free Name Report.
Alphabetical First Name Meaning Index
Willaphane - Detailed Meaning
Your name, Willaphane, gives you an idealistic, gentle, and romantic nature. You live much within your own thoughts and find companionship in literature, especially romance or mystery. You can so thoroughly be absorbed in a novel that you do not hear what is going on around you. You have great imagination and it is not difficult for you to be a part of the story. Sometimes because it is difficult for you to cope with the reality of life, especially when you are unhappy, you will often read to avoid issues rather than facing objectionable situations. As you are extremely impressionable and easily hurt and offended, you are hesitant when it comes to revealing your deeper thoughts and feelings. You cry easily despite your efforts to control this sensitivity. You may appear reserved and aloof, but you seek love and tenderness. Your deep affection for and devotion to others expresses naturally in an atmosphere of understanding. If someone misrepresents you or makes a joke out of something important to you, you withdraw and use silence as a method of making the person aware of the inappropriate comments. Many times, you feel misunderstood because not even your closest friends really know you. Lacking confidence, you tend to depreciate your own value and ability, yet you could excel in creative writing or design as an outlet for your imaginative, poetic qualities. When you experience friendship and support from others, you feel better about yourself. Being self-conscious you do not like to be the centre of attention, yet you would like to be more expressive, outgoing, and spontaneous. Under just the right circumstances, you can be very dramatic. At times, there is a decidedly independent and determined side to your nature in coping with people; however, you dislike to witness hurt feelings and will avoid issues. You value the beauty and peace experienced while outdoors away from crowds or the pressures of life. Gently falling rain, the wind in the willows, the sounds of birds, dappled sunlight through the trees in a forest, many expressions of nature reach your imagination and help to build a sense of harmony within. You could be drawn to the mysteries of life, religious or philosophical concepts, to the arts, music, or the theatre. This name creates a sensitivity in the fluid functions of the body and a tendency to weakness in the respiratory organs or the female organs. Under stressful conditions, you may experience tension in the solar plexus area.
Health Analysis
Your date of birth defines your unique core purpose, the reason for your life. In living your purpose, you will find your greatest happiness, contentment, and success.
Whether your purpose fully expresses depends upon all the names you use, because your names create the basic blueprint of your thinking pattern and reveal your destiny.
Is your name in harmony with your purpose?
Find out by requesting a Free Name and Birthdate Report below and it will be emailed to you immediately.
Prepare My Free Name Report
[Show Extended Form for an Even More Detailed Analysis]
Prepare My Free Name Report;
Willaphane, we thank you for your interest and we look forward to talking with you further about the Kabalarian Philosophy after you have read your Name and Birth Date Report. If you require further assistance, please call our head office in Vancouver, Canada toll-free at 866-489-1188 (or 604-263-9551 if outside of North America.)
Click here to read reviews.
Call us before choosing a baby name at 1-866-489-1188 (toll-free in North America) or 604-263-9551 (local and international). We would be happy to assist you or visit our baby name page for more information.
Want more out of life? You can discover your core purpose and make it a reality through a Kabalarian Balanced Name - ancient wisdom for a modern world.
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Slow Down! Where the heck are you going? Well, wherever your destination, its certainly not here. You might have taken a wrong turn. Or maybe we did a poor job directing traffic... Either way we don't want you going in circles all day.
If this is your website and its not showing up please contact DealerFire support at (920) 230-1111 or at email@example.com.


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Dodge Dakota R/T 2WD Tow Rating by Year
Are you looking for a list of tow ratings and capacity for the Dodge Dakota R/T 2WD? On this page we'll give you all of the towing capacity specification details for trim we have.
The table below is a complete list of the 1 Dodge Dakota R/T 2WD tow rating specifications we have data for.
Click any vehicle link to see a more detailed breakdown of the tow ratings and capacity specification it has.
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If you found the data or information on this page useful in your research, please use the tool below to properly cite or reference Tow Ratings as the source. We appreciate your support!
Dodge Dakota R/T 2WD Tow Rating by Year
"Dodge Dakota R/T 2WD Tow Rating by Year". Tow Ratings. Accessed on July 25, 2024. https://towratings.net/model/dakota+r%2ft+2wd.
"Dodge Dakota R/T 2WD Tow Rating by Year". Tow Ratings, https://towratings.net/model/dakota+r%2ft+2wd. Accessed 25 July, 2024
Dodge Dakota R/T 2WD Tow Rating by Year. Tow Ratings. Retrieved from https://towratings.net/model/dakota+r%2ft+2wd.


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- When you arrive at the store, find a store associate or head to the register. Make sure you have your pickup notification email along with a government issued id.
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Update At 11:30 a.m. ET:
Secretary of State John Kerry called the current situation in Syria "unacceptable by anyone's standard" and lashed out at the government of President Bashar al-Assad for using Hezbollah in the fight against rebels.
"Assad chose to raise the stakes militarily," Kerry said. "He chose to attack the Syrian people, but this time using Iranian supporters and using Hezbollah, which is a terrorist organization.
"Neither side is going to back off helping those they've chosen to help, we understand that," he said of Russia's military assistance to the Assad regime. "The key is for us to use the leverage with people that we're helping to bring them to the table and achieve an appropriate negotiated solution."
Kerry said the group of ministers had pledged an additional $300 million in humanitarian aid to the rebels.
Update At 10:20 a.m. ET:
Reuters reports that the "Friends of Syria" group of ministers has issued a joint statement in Doha saying they agree to "provide urgently all necessary materiel and equipment to opposition on the ground."
Here's our original post:
U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry and representatives of 10 other countries are meeting in Qatar to coordinate military support to Syrian rebels vying to overthrow President Bashar al-Assad.
The group, dubbed "Friends of Syria," is meeting in the Qatari capital, Doha, and includes European powers and regional Sunni Muslim-dominated countries. It could provide Syrian insurgents with the anti-aircraft and anti-tank weapons they say they need to defeat Assad's military.
Quoting two Gulf sources, Reuters reports that Saudi Arabia has stepped up its lead role in arming the rebels.
"In the past week there have been more arrivals of ... advanced weapons. They are getting them more frequently," the source was quoted by Reuters as saying. Another source told Reuters that the latest supplies had the potential to top the balance in the rebels' favor even as Syrian government forces have been making significant gains on the battlefield.
The White House announced last week that it would provide direct military support to Syria's rebels after it said Assad's forces had used chemical weapons against the insurgents.
On Friday, the U.S. said it would base another 700 combat-ready military personnel in Syria's neighbor, Jordan, after already saying it would leave F-16 fighters and Patriot missiles there following the conclusion of a joint U.S.-Jordan military exercise.
NPR's Deborah Amos, reporting from Amman, says Jordan, on the front line of the conflict, has more than a half-million Syrian refugees.
She says that "rebels have confirmed to NPR that Jordan hosts a covert military-training program overseen by Western intelligence agencies."
Meanwhile, Russian President Vladimir Putin cautioned the West against arming the rebels, saying their ranks included "terrorist" elements. The U.S. has said that one of the groups fighting Assad, al-Nusra, is a terrorist organization.
Putin, speaking on a panel in St. Petersburg, Russia, with German Chancellor Angela Merkel said if the U.S. already recognized al-Nusra as a terrorist group, "how can one deliver arms to those opposition members? ... Where will they end up? What role will they play?"
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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So You Want to Buy an RV
Buying an RV for the First Time
Before you sign on the dotted line, there are a few questions you need to ask yourself. Your insights will determine what kind of RV may be a good fit for you:
- How much am I willing to spend? We'll get into how much RVs can cost in a minute. But it's a good idea to put a figure on your price tag threshold.
- How many people will I need to fit? This may seem like an obvious question, but RVs are designed to comfortably fit and sleep a certain number of people. Think of who you plan to include on your travels, and don't forget any four-legged friends, too.
- How often will I use my RV? Take a look at your lifestyle and figure out how frequently you plan to hit the road in your RV. Will you camp seasonally or would you like the option of going year-round? Will you take it out for a few days or would you like to go on weeklong (or even monthlong) adventures?
- Where do I want to camp? Do you plan to kick back at private campgrounds or do you see yourself escaping to more scenic destinations like public campgrounds in state and national parks? Do your research and find out which environments appeal to you and your family. If you prefer more remote locations, a smaller RV may be a better option due to size restrictions.
- What will I bring along and how much storage will I need? Are you planning to tow a vehicle with your RV? What about bringing bicycles or folding picnic tables? Do you have an ATV that you'll want to load up, too? Consider the cargo you will want to haul, along with your fellow voyagers.
- What amenities do I want? When it comes to RV interiors, the sky really is the limit. Some are very basic, with no toilets or cooktops. Others are outfitted with full-size refrigerators bathrooms with showers, flat-screen TVs and king-size beds. Of course, all these extra features come at a price. Jot down your sticking points and keep them in mind as you shop.
- Do I want to drive or tow my RV? RVs fall into two camps (pun intended): motorized and towable. There are benefits to each, and we'll get into the specific types below. If you already have a truck or an SUV with the necessary towing capacity, a towable RV could be a financially smart move.
What Type of RV Should I Buy?
Motorized RVs are ones where you sit behind the wheel and drive. They're categorized into three classes:
- Class A: These RVs tend to look like buses, typically have six wheels and can range from 21 to 43 feet long. Able to sleep between six and eight people, they're usually outfitted with top-of-the-line features like private bedrooms, separate living areas, kitchens and more. While they rank at the top of the list for amenities, they also can be the most expensive.
- Class B: At first glance, these "camper vans" may look like they belong on the roadway rather than in a campground. But they offer nearly all the amenities of a typical motor home in a vehicle that may be easier to drive for those who are used to a minivan or an SUV. They're smaller than a Class A at about 16 to 21 feet long, and they can sleep up to four people.
- Class C: Class Cs are recognized by their classic design with a distinct overhang above the roof of the driver's cab. They come equipped with a wide range of amenities and are available in multiple configurations to sleep up to eight people. They're usually between 25 and 35 feet long.
These RVs can be hitched to the back of your vehicle. Some are lightweight while others are heavy-duty, so you'll need to consider whether your vehicle can haul it across the open road.
- Travel trailers: Available in a seemingly infinite range of sizes, configurations and prices (with amenities to boot), travel trailers are a versatile and popular option among novice and seasoned RVers alike.
- Fifth wheel trailers: With a fifth wheel, it feels like you're hauling a small apartment behind your truck (and yes, you will need a truck with a specialized fifth wheel hitch). The added room offers more homelike amenities and additional interior space.
- Pop-up campers: These compact, lightweight trailers fold open and closed. And sleeping in them can feel more like sleeping in a tent. Depending on the model, they may actually look like a tent! These typically offer less amenities than other trailers, but they come in at a lower price point and you don't need a heavy-duty vehicle to tow one. You can even fit between four and eight people in these campers.
- Sport utility haulers: When you want to bring along your "toys," a sport utility hauler could be a nice fit. They offer storage for ATVs, golf carts and more while also providing the amenities of a travel trailer, including a full kitchen, bathroom and living areas.
- Other towable options: There are a multitude of RVs to fit every traveler: truck campers, expandable and teardrop trailers, and park model RVs. Do your research to find out which is best for you.
How Much Does an RV Cost?
This is a question that involves more than a few variables, including:
- The type of RV
- Whether the RV is new or used
- Condition of the RV
- Number of miles (if it's motorized)
- Included amenities, and the condition of those features if it's used
You could go onto Craigslist or other online classified sites and find an older, used RV at a bargain. Or you could spend hundreds of thousands of dollars on a new motorized RV that has top-of-the-line features (some of these can even break the million-dollar mark).
For a general guideline on how much new RVs can cost, the RV Industry Association reports the following prices:
- Folding camping trailers: $6,000 to $22,000
- Conventional travel trailers: $8,000 to $95,000
- Fifth wheel trailers: $18,000 to $160,000 for fifth wheel trailers
- Class B and C motor homes: $60,000 to $150,000
- Class A motor homes: $60,000 to $500,000
New or Used RV?
There are pros and cons to either option. It depends on your comfort level and a few other factors, including:
- Price: Used RVs tend to cost less than their new counterparts, as new RVs can be quite expensive.
- Features and amenities: New RVs will be outfitted with the latest bells and whistles.
- Condition: Not that issues can't occur with a new RV, but at least you know exactly what you're getting. Used RVs are "lived in," so they can have a few more knicks and dings. This may not bother you. Just bear in mind that any undetected damage could be expensive to fix.
Do You Need a Special License to Drive an RV?
According to Go RVing, a state-issued driver's license is typically all you need. However, laws differ from state to state. Do your due diligence and learn about the requirements in your state. Your Department of Motor Vehicles is a great place to start.
Other Considerations for Buying an RV
Unlike purchasing a new car, when you buy an RV, there are a host of other factors to bear in mind:
- Unexpected costs: Fees for maintenance and repairs, insurance and registration, fuel and propane, campsites and food are all standard expenses when you start RVing. You should factor these in when looking at the overall cost of RV ownership and budget accordingly.
- New skills: Do you understand the inner workings of an RV septic system, including the difference between a blackwater tank and a gray water tank? Have you ever backed up a travel trailer? Are you comfortable boondocking? (And do you even know what that means?) With RV ownership comes the need to acquire new knowledge and skills so you can camp safely and successfully.
- Storage: Unless you plan on being a full-time RVer, you will need a safe place to store your rig when it's not in use. If you store it somewhere other than your own property, there will be fees and other logistics to consider, like winterizing and ease of accessibility.
Is RV Insurance Required? (And What Does It Cover?)
If you own a motorized RV, you will need to purchase separate liability coverage for that vehicle. Learn how our RV insurance can protect your motorized RV with the same coverages as the vehicles on your auto insurance policy.
For towable RVs covered by Whitbeck Insurance, the liability coverage on the insured vehicle pulling the trailer extends to the towable RV itself.1
With both motorized and towable RVs, you'll most likely want to purchase comprehensiveand collisioncoverage; it may even be required by your lienholder. This can protect you when your RV is parked or when it's in storage.
Other coverages to consider are Emergency Roadside Service, Rental Car Expense Coverage and an umbrella policy, all of which give you added layers of protection.
Get a Quote for RV Insurance
Camping is a fun and socially distant way to connect with nature and your loved ones. See how RV insurance from ERIE can help ensure your camping fun continues by protecting your investment and keeping you safe.
Plus, if you add your RV or travel trailer to your ERIE auto policy, you get the convenience of using one insurance company and dealing with just one bill. You may even be eligible for extra discounts. To make sure you get the coverage you need, talk to your local ERIE agent for details.2
1 ERIE only provides coverage for temporarily located recreational camping vehicles with a valid and current motor vehicle registration at the time of loss. Motor homes can be insured on an ERIE personal lines auto policy, except in North Carolina where they must be written on a commercial auto policy.
2 Coverage is not available in all states. See individual policies for specific coverage details. Certain terms and limitations may apply. Refer to our disclaimer for additional information.
If you've been wrestling with wanderlust during the COVID-19 pandemic, you're not alone.
As social distancing guidelines and restrictions were put into place in 2020, many Americans sought a safer way to travel and vacation.
Enter the RV.
The RV Industry Association, predicts that 2021 will see a nearly 20% increase in these shipments. And this figure doesn't even include the sale of used RVs.
There's certainly an appeal to this type of travel: the freedom, the flexibility, the slower pace. There's also the fact that it doesn't require hopping on a plane or sleeping in a hotel to reach your destination.
If the aspects of this kind of travel appeal to you, or if you want a new way to get outdoors and make family memories, perhaps an RV is in your future. But first-time buyers need to do their homework. And we're here to help. Below, we break down what new RV owners should know before driving (or towing) their new "toy" off the lot. (And if you need RV insurance, we can help with that, too.)