text:
Flooding and Water Damage Restoration in Duluth, GA
When your Duluth home has water damage from flooding or leaks, we have the expertise and special equipment to properly restore your property. The water removal and water cleanup process is completed by our highly-trained technicians who will document the drying process. This is important for insurance claims. Here are a few tips on filing an insurance claim.This validates that your property has been dried properly and thoroughly.
- 24-Hour Duluth Emergency Water Service
- Rapid Response to Your Disaster
- Highly Trained Water Damage Restoration Specialists
- Locally Owned and Operated
- Advanced Restoration and Cleaning Equipment
Water, Flood or Fire Damage? Emergency (770) 212-2225
24-Hour Emergency Water Removal Service. Flooding and water emergencies don't wait for regular business hours and neither do we. We provide emergency water restoration services 24 hours a day, 7 days a week – including all holidays. Duluth residents can expect an immediate response time, day or night.
When water damage strikes, a fast response is critical. Day or night, Duluth residents and business owners can expect us to respond immediately to your water emergency.
Highly-Trained Water Restoration Specialists
As water damage specialists, we have the experience, expertise, and the advanced training that enables us to get your property dried quickly and thoroughly. We use scientific drying principles and provide validation and documentation that your property is dry and the job is complete. Learn about our water damage training and certificates.
The R4 Restoration Process for Duluth Homes
Every water damage event is a little different and requires a unique solution, but the general process stays the same. Here is a list of things you can do to mitigate water damage. The steps listed below illustrate our process for the "typical" water damage emergency.
- Contact R4 Emergency here in Duluth
The restoration process begins when you call us (770) 212-2225. Our consultant will guide you through the crisis and will ask a few questions to help us better understand the equipment and resources that will be needed. - R4 Inspection and Damage Assessment
Our team will determine the scope of your water damage and develop a plan of action. We inspect, test and monitor the water damaged area to determine the extent and how far the moisture has penetrated to ensure proper restoration. - Water Removal / Water Extraction
The R4 process starts with removing the excess water with industrial extraction equipment. We use water vacuums and powerful pumps to quickly remove hundreds or thousands of gallons from your Duluth home, this helps prevent secondary water damage along with mold growth. - Drying and Dehumidification process by R4
Our team brings in specialized equipment to remove the remaining moister and water which is harder to access. The R4 team will use room measurements, temperature, and relative humidity to ascertain the optimal number of air movers, dehumidifiers and additional equipment needed to restore your Duluth home or business to it's original condition. - Cleaning and Sanitizing by R4 Technicians
When all moisture test indicate your Duluth home has acceptable moisture levels, your R4 Technician will begin the cleaning and disinfect of all restorable items and structures that were effected by the water damage. R4 Restoration may also use industrial air scrubbers and we offer an additional service for removing odors. Our exclusive SteraMist® decontamination system. Additional depth information about SteraMist® and how we disinfect for COVID-19. - Restoration for Duluth Homes
The final step is making sure your Duluth home or business is fully restored to its pre-water damage condition. The restoration steps can be minor, such as replacing some drywall, or major reconstruction, such as rebuilding entire rooms of your Duluth home or business.
Water damage is the most likely form of loss that your Duluth home will experience.
Water Damage:: BEFORE | AFTER
When life hands you a flood, make it fabulous. - Water runs through your entire home, either water heater tanks bust, pipes burst, and sometimes foundations allow water seeping into your home. How do you protect your Duluth home? To help protect your home, R4 has a list of practical things that you can do every winter to ensure a safe and dry home. Regular maintenance on your water heater is a start, also installing smart-home alerts for flooding and excessive humidity, is a good idea. For instance, if you notice any discoloration on your ceiling, that is an indication of a water leak. Call R4 right away and we'll be able to help prevent further damage from occurring. If you ignore small indicators of water damage your Duluth home may be at risk for larger damages by catastrophic failures due to excessive water. So when should you call for outside help? Here is a break down of the three categories of water damage.
R4 Restoration is your Highly Trained Water Damage Specialists for Duluth
We specialize in water damage restoration for homes and businesses located in Duluth Georgia. Our techs have extensive water damage restoration training, and our drying process focuses on regular monitoring and documentation of the drying process to ensure your property is fully restored.
If you have any questions, feel free to reach out to us at anytime by calling regular office number 404-428-1255.
If you have an Flood EMERGENCY you can call our Emergency Response number: (770) 212-2225
IICRC Training and Certification
The Institute of Inspection Cleaning and Restoration Certification (IICRC) certifies and sets the standards for the cleaning and restoration industries. Our Professionals study IICRC standards and best practices in water restoration, fire restoration, mold remediation, carpet and upholstery cleaning, and other cleaning and restoration courses.
Our Highly Trained R4 Duluth Response Team
- See results from water loss jobs
- Water Damage Restoration
- Mold Mitigation
- Fire Damage Restoration
- Understanding Mold in the Restoration Industry
- Restorative Disinfection
We provide our teams with web-based training. This program is designed to be an ongoing, self-paced learning. Video presentations and support materials are provided for on-going training. This keeps our team, technicians and office staff up to speed on industry standards and the professional quality to better protect your Duluth home.
We Use Advanced Drying Equipment and Techniques
Properly restoring your home after a water damage event requires specialized equipment and products. This advanced equipment help us to remove the water, even hidden moisture, quickly and efficiently. We then dry the structure with powerful dehumidifiers. Finally, our technicians will clean the affected area with professional grade cleaning and sanitizing agents for your comfort and safety.
Have Water or Flood Damage?
Call Us Today – 404-428-1255
- Water Restoration
- Fire Restoration
- Mold Remediation
- Disinfection Services
- Storm and Major Events
- Building Services
- Commercial Services
Find out what our customers are saying about us
Need additional information about Water Damage Restoration in Duluth?
We are proud to serve our local communities:
Johns Creek GA
Hamilton Mill
Sugar Hill
Lake Lanier
Flowery Branch


text: He has been called one of the most original stand-up comics in the country, and his performances leave audiences laughing in tears. Michael Blackson, aka, 'The African King of Comedy', has been entertaining audiences all across the country and around the globe for more than a decade. Inspired by the stand up comedy of Eddie Murphy, Blackson began to develop his comedic talent in 1992 in the unkind comedy clubs of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Blackson's comedic appeal grew from his involvement with BET's ComicView series, HBO's Def Comedy Jam, Showtime at Harlem, and Live in Hollywood. However, it was in a Los Angeles comedy club where Blackson got his big break. Blackson was performing at the Comedy Store where actor/director Ice Cube was in attendance to see comedian Mike Epps perform. But after experiencing Blackson's performance, Ice Cube invited the young comic for a reading…and the rest is smash hit history! Blackson's outstanding and unforgettable performance in the smash hit comedy, Next Friday, drew praise and a fan following like no other. After his scene stealing performance in Next Friday, fans wanted more, and in 2005, Blackson would not disappoint. He released his top-selling sketch comedy CD entitled, Modasucka, Welcome to America. With Blackson, the work never stops. Along with special guest appearances on some of the hottest music videos, Blackson stole the stage on P. Diddy's Bad Boys of Comedy on HBO and starred in a commercial for the Chappelle Show on Comedy Central. There's no mistaking Blackson for any other comedian when he takes the stage. And what about those Dashikis? When he takes the stage, clad in the finest Dashikis the Motherland has to offer, "The African King of Comedy? is born! Along with his film and television endeavors, Blackson continues to entertain his fans as the headliner for live shows at comedy clubs, universities and special events, bringing his one-of-a kind, must-see stand-up performance to audiences all across the country and around the world.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Every year over 500 brokers from Windermere offices across the Eastside gather to prepare for the new year at the annual Windermere Eastside Kick-Off Event at the Hyatt Regency Bellevue. Last week, several speakers shared their insights and advice to prepare our agents to better serve their clients for the 2018 housing market. Looking Ahead: What to Expect From the 2018 Housing Market Matthew Gardner, Windermere Real Estate's Chief Economist, shared his forecast for the 2018 housing market. Low inventory seems to be a problem stretching all the way to Ohio with many people living in their homes twice as long as past generations. Lack of skilled labor, available land and high material costs continue to make new construction an expensive option. Read more about his forecast. Breaking Through The Noise Senior Vice President Windermere Services and Ninja Instructor, Michael Fanning, brought his insights on breaking thought the mediocrity of the market place. Finding ways to bring those extra touches and using technology to your advantage can set you apart in a sea of daily distraction. Employing techniques from the Ninja Installation Train Program, Michael reminds agents that the hard things never get easier, you just get better and an average mindset will always result in a missed opportunity. Understanding Your Client's Story Licensed marriage and family therapist, Tori Dabasinskas, shared her communication strategies to help our agents better connect with their clients. Addressing techniques for authentic listening, creating more meaningful connections and responding with emotion as well as logic, Tori emphasized taking time to truly understand the "story" of each individual client. With personal empathy and active appreciation, our agents can better anticipate the needs of their clients and what can be done to better serve them. Law Of Attraction Executive Vice President of HomeStreet Bank, Richard Bennion, reminded our agents that every client has a story. Their hopes, dreams and challenges are opportunities to listen, be attentive and show those clients their importance. Becoming an expert who is professional, authentic, self-aware and highly competent will attract people and help build your business' sphere of influence. Taking a long-term approach in building client relationships will result in a strong business over time. Growth, Support and The Power of Windermere Brooks Burton, Chief Operating Officer for Windermere Services Company, opened the Kick-Off by sharing some exciting changes agents can look forward to in 2018. They included refreshed branding, offering more social media resources, improving technology and more resources based on agent feedback. Brooks also touched on the success of the Windermere Foundation which has raised over $35 million for local organizations since its inception in 1989 as well as how funds are allocated among those organizations. Strategy and Determination David Wasielewski, the Managing Partner of Northwest Din Tai Fung Partners, spoke about bringing the popular Chinese restaurant brand to the Seattle area. David shared that as a previous marketing veteran at Intel Corporation he had no restaurant experience prior to starting his own business. David's approach to success? Strategy, action, and pacing himself. He flew to California for many weekends to work at another Chinese restaurant owned by Din Tai Fung's owners without pay to prove his interest and dedication to his mission. Fast forward to today and he owns four restaurants in the Seattle region and his first Bellevue Square location has won the highest gross sales award from Kemper Development Company in each of the five years he has operated. Getting in the Right Mindset: Pursuing Excellence Tracie Ruiz Conforto, Olympic Medalist and Synchronized Swimmer of the Century, inspired us to find and pursue our passions, just as she did with swimming at the age of nine. She advised agents on three ways to achieve excellence – find your passion, use your competition to improve your skills, and surround yourself with a team who will support you. Tracie showed us that anything is possible when you combine passion, discipline, competition, and teamwork. The Windermere Eastside Kick-off was an inspiring and motivational event. Our brokers are more prepared than ever to provide valuable service for their clients and face the year ahead. We are excited to put this knowledge to good use as we help you navigate your real estate journey in 2018! This post originally appeared on the Windermere Eastside Blog. |
Uncategorized •
February 2, 2018


text:
Monkey Tormentor Thinks More Should Suffer
A notorious experimenter and primate supplier wants the U.S.' help tormenting more monkeys in laboratories.
Frank Ervin, a vivisector from McGill University, operates the Behavioral Sciences Foundation/Primate Resources International on the Caribbean island of St. Kitts, which pays trappers to remove vervet monkeys from the wild so that they can be imprisoned in laboratories. The facility crams many monkeys into wooden crates and sends them on a terrifying journey in the dark cargo holds of airplanes to the U.S. and other countries to be tortured and killed in experiments. Ervin also performs his own deadly experiments on monkeys. These disturbing photos, leaked to PETA, are allegedly of monkeys killed in Ervin's cruel experiments on fetal alcohol syndrome:
Ervin wants the U.S. to buy even more monkeys to experiment on, since, in his opinion, the monkeys are "agricultural predators" because they sometimes eat farmers' crops. We're sure that's the reason he wants the U.S. to purchase the animals, not because of the profit that he stands to make. The Animal Rights Foundation of Florida (ARFF) has launched an initiative against importing the monkeys from St. Kitts, including sharing that St. Kitts' own Ministry of Agriculture advocates for spaying and neutering and strategically placed feeding stations to control the monkey population and keep them away from crops.
One U.S. buyer of monkeys from St. Kitts is the Army's Aberdeen Proving Ground, which torments the monkeys in cruel and archaic chemical casualty training exercises. You can help end these torturous exercises and prevent the government from stuffing Ervin's pockets by asking your senators and representatives to take action to end Aberdeen's monkey laboratories.
Written by Michelle Sherrow


text:
Wild Magic
Wild Magic Series Book 1
by Eileen Troemel
Genre: Paranormal Fantasy
Mallory's magi gifts send her north into the province where almost all the magi were killed. If anyone discovers she is a magi, her life is in peril. But she must go where her gifts send her. A boy needs her help or he will die.
Leland, Pintra, Faolan, Jadan, Ovra, and Erga travel from Scons province to Lins to seek a magi master. In a small village Jadan gets separated and is accused of theft. Without Mallory's help, the angry mob will kill him. Mallory steps in, uses her gifts to save him but exposes herself as a magi.
The seven escape the angry village and hide out in caves. When Jadan's injuries turn deadly, Mallory is forced to use her gifts, exposing herself to the group of strangers she doesn't trust. Is she the magi master they've been looking for or will they turn her in for the bounty?
* Apple
* Kobo *
Hostile Magic
Wild Magic Series Book 2
Tensions rise between the leaders of Linos and Scons. Linos increases their soldiers at the border. War looms on the horizon.
Refugees flee from hunters into Scons. Garlen wants to protect them but prophecy warns of danger and betrayal.
Garlen sets aside his lingering distrust of magic and Mallory to protect his new daughter, Arial and his province.
Family - is it those you're born to or those you love? Mallory meets her blood family. Anger clouds her judgement. Will her emotions cause harm to the family of her heart?
* Apple
* Kobo *
From poetry to novel, I enjoy telling a good story or expressing a heartfelt emotion. I've been published in Circle Magazine, The American Tarot Association's Quarterly Journal, What's Cooking America, Children, Churches and Daddies, placed second in Words of Women 2010 Writing Contest, 2012 Daily Flash, and The Deadman's Tome. I have a bachelor's degree in business and a second bachelor's degree in English Professional Writing and Book Editing. On the side, I have a small editing business. In addition to my work, I love to read, crochet, crafting, research genealogy, and spend time with family. I have three adult daughters and have been married to my husband for over 30 years. I'm the proud grandma of three fur babies - my daughters' cats.
the tour HERE
for exclusive content and a giveaway!
Brought to You By:


text:
Situated 110 km north of Amman on a broad promontory 378 meters above sea level with a magnificent view over the Yarmouk River, the Golan Heights, and Lake Tiberias, Umm Qais was known as Gadara, one of the most brilliant ancient Greco-Roman cities of the Decapolis; and according to the Bible, the spot where Jesus (pbuh) cast out the Devil from two demoniacs (mad men) into a herd of pigs (Mathew 8:28-34).
In ancient times, Umm Qais was strategically situated, laced by a number of key trading routes connecting Syria and Palestine. It was blessed with fertile soil and abundant rainwater. Umm Qais also flourished intellectually in the reign of Augustus and became distinguished for its cosmopolitan atmosphere, university's scholars, attracting writers, artists, philosophers and poets, the likes of satirist Menippos (2nd half of the 3rd century BC), the epigrammist Meleagros, and the rhetorician Theodoros (15-37 AD). Umm Qais was also the resort of choice for Romans vacationing in the nearby Himmet Gader Springs.
Umm-Qais-TheatreArchaeological surveys indicate that Umm Qais (Gadara)was occupied as early as the 7th century BC. The Greek historian, Polybius, described the region as being under Ptolemaic control at the time. The Seleucid ruler Antiochus III conquered it in 218 BC, naming the city Antiochia and Seleucia. In 63 BC, Pompey liberated Umm Qais (Gadara)and joined it to the Roman league of ten cities, the Decapolis.
Soon after, the fortunes of Umm Qais (Gadara) improved rapidly and building was undertaken on a large scale, carried out for the love of Pompey's freed man Demetrius, who had been born there.
During these early years of Roman rule, the Nabataeans (with their capital in Petra), controlled the trade routes as far north as Damascus. Unhappy with the competition, Mark Anthony dispatched King Herod the Great to weaken the Nabataeans, who finally gave up their northern interest in 31 BC. In appreciation for his efforts, Rome rewarded Herod with Umm Qais.
The city reached its peak of prosperity in the 2nd century AD. New colonnaded streets, temples, theaters and baths sprouted. Meleagros compared Umm Qais (Gadara) with Athens, which testifies to the city's status as a creative center of Hellenism in the ancient Near East.
Christianity spread slowly among the inhabitants of Umm Qais (Gadara). Starting from the 4th century, its bishop attended the ecclesiastical councils of Nicaea, Chaleedon and Ephesos. Despite his attendance, the city was no longer a seat of learning. During the 6th century, decline set in, and in 636 AD a decisive military clash between Byzantines and Arab Muslims took place not far from Umm Qais (Gadara). There is no evidence, however, of widespread destruction in the city.
Umm Qais's charm still lingers today. A large portion of the western Roman Theater has survived history's upheavals. Vaulted passageway supports its rows of seats, built of hard basalt stones. A row of elaborately carved seats for dignitaries stand near the orchestra, and in the center was a large headless white marble statue of Tyche, goddess of fortune and of the city, now displayed at the local museum.
Across from the theater in Umm Qais, is the main colonnaded street (cardo), which was in all likelihood the town's commercial center. Also, near the black basalt theater is the Terrace, which hosts a courtyard, a church and a basilica. Further west of the Terrace and along the east-west colonnaded street (decumanus), ruins of the Nymphaeum, a bath complex and a well-preserved Roman Mausoleum can be seen. After a few hundred meters one can barely make out remains of what was once a Hippodrome.
Mecca St., Building #164
947589 Amman 11194 Jordan
+962 6 551 6251
+962 79 52 666 33


text:
POWAY, Calif. (KGTV) - After years of highs and lows, the Stacy family is moving into their brand new, personalized house in Poway.
The Gary Sinise Foundation gives mortgage-free, smart homes to veterans and first responders, and chose the San Diego family to be their 71st home given.
Navy veteran Kenton Stacy is a quadriplegic and the home is custom-designed to fit his needs, including a lift that will carry him from his bed to the shower and also wide hallways that will fit his wheelchair.
Kenton was injured while serving in Syria in 2017. He was part of the Explosive Ordinance Disposal team, which is responsible for rendering bombs safe. They were clearing a hospital when a local security guard went into another room and Kenton followed to tell him it was unsafe. That's when the IED went off, disabling Kenton for the rest of his life.
He is now aware of what's happening around him and can mouth words, but is unable to speak or walk.
"We just talked to him the night before, it was our son's sixth birthday. I'm like there's no way, did I really just get this phone call, he's three weeks away from coming home. I was just in utter shock," said his wife and high school sweetheart, Lindsey.
The couple has four kids and one of their sons has cerebral palsy, so some of the home modifications will also be beneficial for him.
Elizabeth Fields, COO for the Gary Sinise Foundation, said they donate homes around the country but rely heavily on local contractors and employees to help build them, adding that more than 60 local San Diego people helped with this specific house and the project would not have been possible without them.
"It's their forever home so we want them to be active in making choices where they're going to not only live independently but just be happy and know that this is home for them," said Fields.


text:
- Importer, very good quality
- Fantastic color and new design
- Material 50% Cotton and 50% Polyester
- Total pcs 6
- Ship from and sold by JORGE'S HOME FASHION
Thank you for visiting my shop! The set includes 1 X Reversible Comforter, 1 X Shams 1 X Decorative pillow 1 X Flat Sheet 1 X Fitted Sheet 1 X Pillowcases TOTAL 6 PCS. A brilliant product, especially sold and processed by JORGE'S HOME FASHION INC Great Colors in Your Room we are pleased to introduce this great quality and fabulous product to you.
This can be used as a way of brightening up the appearance of your room and this will certainly add a spark, a touch of style and fun. If you want to add freshness and brightness to your room, this is certainly the product for you. One of the most majestic and elegant lines, known for its softness, elegance, and color. The unique design gives the room a touch of freshness and tranquility. Also, a perfect gift to give away on a special occasion. *** Visit our store to complete this wonderful collection.


text:
At Northern Spinal & Sports Injury Clinic COVID-safe measures are in place to ensure the safety of all our patients and staff.
Regardless of age or gender, 80 per cent of the population will suffer from neck pain & injury at some time in their life. Neck sprains and strains, such as whiplash are common. Sprains and strains are similar but different soft tissue disorders.
As one of Melbourne's leading injury clinics in the northern suburbs and city; we provide care to all local Brunswick West residents and surrounding communities.
We aim treat your neck injury or pain as effectively and efficiently as possible, being conveniently located in the Melbourne CBD and Reservoir. Our team of allied health professionals including Osteopaths, Chiropractors, Physiotherapists & Podiatrists offer professional care to address the source of your problem and pain.
Before our practitioners can determine the appropriate treatment for your specific neck injury and it's treatment, they will thoroughly assess you with standard medical, Orthopedic and special Osteopathic tests. Using skilled evaluation, diagnosis and a wide range of hands-on techniques, our team can identify important types of neck injury symptoms in your body and determine personalised treatment plans to fix them.
Whiplash is a common type of sprain often referred to a hyperextension and hyperflexion injury. Muscle pain that develops from cradling the phone between the ear and shoulder is an example of a strain. Both sprains and strains can cause severe pain and sometimes are temporarily disabling.
Typical symptoms include:
By far the most common cause of neck pain relates to the effects of poor posture. In order to understand the impact of poor posture, we must first consider why spinal alignment within the neck is so important.
Your head weighs about 5 kgs and in normal alignment it is balanced on top of your seven neck bones (vertebrae). Your muscles work to maintain this position and easily withstand short periods of variation. Problems arise when we assume awkward positions for prolonged periods.
The fine balance is disturbed and the nerves, muscles, joints, ligaments and discs of your neck become strained and irritated. In fact, the tension in your neck and shoulder muscles doubles for every 2-3 centimetre's that your head is forward!
Over time, the neck strain and pressure accumulates to a point where it becomes painful and even the smallest changes in posture cause significant effects. Coupled with the stresses and demands of modern life, it is no surprise why neck pain is so common.
Other common causes of neck pain include whiplash, arthritis and sporting injuries.
Our comprehensive diagnostic process includes:
Many different nonsurgical neck injury treatment & options help relieve neck sprain or strain symptoms. These include:
*A cervical collar is a short-term treatment to help support tender and painful neck tissues while they heal. A collar can reduce neck and upper back pain by relieving muscle spasm and cervical fatigue.
In conjunction with these treatments, our team will educate you about healthy posture and proper body mechanics.
Symptoms of a cervical sprain or strain may be similar to other spinal disorders. If pain or symptoms persist or worsen, call our office for an appointment. Our medical staff will provide you with excellent information to help you recover and stay healthy.


text:
Found 131 results
Author Title [ Type] Year Filters: Author is Gimzewski, James K [Clear All Filters]
On-demand nanodevice with electrical and neuromorphic multifunction realized by local ion migration. ACS nano 6, 9515–9521 (2012).
Observations of image contrast and dimerization of decacyclene by low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. The Journal of chemical physics 127, 174703 (2007).
Nanoscale visualization and characterization of Myxococcus xanthus cells with atomic force microscopy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 102, 6484–6489 (2005).
Nanomechanical properties of piezoresistive cantilevers: Theory and experiment. Journal of Applied Physics 104, 103527 (2008).
Nanomechanical properties of glucans and associated cell-surface adhesion of Streptococcus mutans probed by atomic force microscopy under in situ conditions. Microbiology 153, 3124–3132 (2007).
Nanofilaments on glioblastoma exosomes revealed by peak force microscopy. Journal of The Royal Society Interface 11, 20131150 (2014).
Nanocharacterization in dentistry. International journal of molecular sciences 11, 2523–2545 (2010).
Morphological transitions from dendrites to nanowires in the electroless deposition of silver. Crystal Growth & Design 13, 465–469 (2013).
Molecular Cooperativity of Drebrin< sub> 1-300 Binding and Structural Remodeling of F-Actin. Biophysical journal 103, 275–283 (2012).
Memristive operations demonstrated by gap-type atomic switches. Applied Physics A 102, 811–815 (2011).
Mechanical interferometry of nanoscale motion and local mechanical properties of living zebrafish embryos. ACS nano 3, 2090–2094 (2009).
Mechanical Interferometry of Nanoscale Motion and Local Mechanical Properties of Living Zebrafish Embryos. American Chemical Society Nano (2009).
Mechanical interferometry imaging for creep modeling of the cornea. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 52, 8420–8424 (2011).
Measurement of the intrinsic strength of crystalline and polycrystalline graphene. Nature communications 4, (2013).
A low noise all-fiber interferometer for high resolution frequency modulated atomic force microscopy imaging in liquids. Review of Scientific Instruments 81, 023703 (2010).
Localized nanoscopic surface measurements of nickel-modified mica for single-molecule DNA sequence sampling. ACS applied materials & interfaces 2, 3249–3256 (2010).
Local nanomechanical motion of the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Science 305, 1147–1150 (2004).
Live cell interferometry reveals cellular dynamism during force propagation. ACS nano 2, 841–846 (2008).
Learning Abilities Achieved by a Single Solid-State Atomic Switch. Advanced Materials 22, 1831–1834 (2010).
Isochromat spectroscopy of photons emitted from metal surfaces in an STM. Annalen Der Physik 505, 133–140 (1993).
Inelastic tunneling excitation of tip-induced plasmon modes on noble-metal surfaces. Physical review letters 67, 3796 (1991).
In Situ STM Investigation of Aromatic Poly (azomethine) Arrays Constructed by "On-Site" Equilibrium Polymerization. Langmuir 28, 13844–13851 (2012).
Immunological Biosensors. The Immunoassay Handbook: Theory and applications of ligand binding, ELISA and related techniques 203 (2013).
Image Analysis and Length Estimation of Biomolecules Using AFM. Information Technology in Biomedicine, IEEE Transactions on 16, 1200–1207 (2012).
High throughput cell nanomechanics with mechanical imaging interferometry. Nanotechnology 19, 235101 (2008).
Green tea extract selectively targets nanomechanics of live metastatic cancer cells. Nanotechnology 22, 215101 (2011).
Functional characterization of cell-wall-associated protein WapA in Streptococcus mutans. Microbiology 152, 2395–2404 (2006).
Fourier transform mechanical spectroscopy of micro-fabricated electromechanical resonators: A novel, information-rich pulse method for sensor applications. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 147, 508–516 (2010).
Folding of a donor–acceptor polyrotaxane by using noncovalent bonding interactions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105, 6514–6519 (2008).
Evaluation of bacteria-induced enamel demineralization using optical profilometry. dental materials 25, 1517–1526 (2009).
Enhanced photon emission from the STM: a general property of metal surfaces. Ultramicroscopy 42, 355–359 (1992).
Emergent Criticality in Complex Turing B-Type Atomic Switch Networks. Advanced Materials 24, 286–293 (2012).
Electrostatic force microscopy as a broadly applicable method for characterizing pyroelectric materials. Nanotechnology 23, 235701 (2012).
Dynamic mechanical oscillations during metamorphosis of the monarch butterfly. Journal of The Royal Society Interface 6, 29–37 (2009).
DNA builds and strengthens the extracellular matrix in Myxococcus xanthus biofilms by interacting with exopolysaccharides. PloS one 7, e51905 (2012).
Distinct contributions of microtubule subtypes to cell membrane shape and stability. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine 3, 43–52 (2007).
Correlative nanoscale imaging of actin filaments and their complexes. Nanoscale 5, 5692–5702 (2013).
Correlative nanomechanical profiling with super-resolution F-actin imaging reveals novel insights into mechanisms of cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine 8, 757–766 (2012).


text:
The very first thing you need to understand is how slot machines operate. With this knowledge, you can develop your very own tactic in playing video poker machines. Slot machines are actually regulated by random number generators which are electronically piloted. RNG is responsible for changing the combination's which show up on the reels when you play. Every second, the RNG changes the pair of numbers for a thousand times randomly. The resulting combination's appear shared together with points or coins turn out to be paid. So if you play, you ought to have the amount of coins on your own to be able to hit the jackpot. Bet the maximum if manageable. However, this does not result in you will spend all your cash playing pai gow poker. Manage your money. Set a payment for play.
You casino slots should additionally choose perform a machine that has lesser winning combinations realize during your spins. Lower the combinations, the better chances of winning more personal savings. Although the jackpot amount is lesser, you still win big because most of these types of machines have better odds in succeeding.
Let's review for a moment; lowest wagering requirements plus highest matching percentage equal best online slots deposit endless bonuses. Are you beside me so noticeably? Good. Now we'll discuss how execute those wagering requirements.
You might not have worry about anything about Super Slot Casino. Usually are very well assuring a bunch of their players they will have essentially the most secure and safe gaming in the. So you'll rest mind in being fair and health of their games. Relax, enjoy and aim for the huge jackpot that waits for a success.
The particular reason to be able to these games is that are illegal in your account of planet. If you aren't able to legally bet real cash online certainly head for that casino. Of course, are able to always play free slots online content articles get the hankering to perform. Even through the use of does not work for you, remember can can be taught a lot about slots via the internet. slot resmi from strategies to casino slots guides is to be had.
Play the Limit on Progressive Exercise equipment. Progressive jackpot machines usually pay out their huge jackpots only if a player has played the utmost number of coins along at the winning rotate. One of one of the most important in order to remember for anybody playing these progressive slots is to continually bet the actual number of coins.
These are basically some belonging to the tips which you'll want to use possess place pai gow poker. Be mindful always that playing slot machine games for fun is a fantastic way of gambling dependably.


text:
Welcome to the Minnesota Air Medical Council website!
Here you will find helpful information about our mission, valuable safety information, Member organizations, and the air medical industry.
The MNAMC is organized and dedicated to discussion, research, support, and collaboration on issues and topics of mutual interest in air medical transport with an emphasis on operational safety, quality clinical care, and other areas of interest.
MNAMC Members; Life Link III, Mayo Clinic Medical Transport, and Sanford AirMed; are accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Medical Transport Systems (CAMTS). CAMTS is a peer-review organization dedicated to improving patient care and transport safety by providing a dynamic accreditation process through the development of standards, education and services that support our vision.
MNAMC Member; North Memorial Air Care is accredited by the National Accreditation Alliance Medical Transport Applications (NAAMTA). NAAMTA is a new accreditation standard bearer for the medical transport industry, offering procedures that include guidelines for developing a quality management system focusing on transport safety, patient care, and continuous improvement.


text:
Robert Wess, Oregon State University
Abstract: Why say "representative anecdote" rather than simply "representative"? The addition of "anecdote" follows from Burke's theorizing of language as "a part of" rather than "apart from" reality. This theoretical model allows Burke to combine realism with linguistic skepticism. This model also suggests how ecocriticism may combine antifoundationalism with a foundational ecological realism. Tentative exploration of the possibilities of a representative anecdote for Burkean ecocriticism considers Burke's discussions of technology, apocalypse ("Towards Helhaven"), "our biologic genius" (Permanence and Change), and "Counter-Nature," with anecdotal material drawn from Karen Tei Yamashita's prize-winning, experimental novel, Through the Arc of Rain Forest.
There is one little fellow named Ecology, and in time we shall pay him more attention
--Kenneth Burke, 1937
IN "REVEALING NATURE: TOWARD AN ECOLOGICAL CRITICISM," first published in 1990, Glen A. Love points tellingly to a seeming anomaly in literary studies:
Race, class, and gender are the words which we see and hear everywhere at our professional meetings and in our current publications. But curiously enough . . . the English profession has failed to respond in any significant way to the issue of the environment, the acknowledgment of our place within the natural world and our need to live heedfully within it, at peril of our very survival. (226)
This trio of race, gender and class has even been dubbed the "holy trinity of literary criticism" (Appiah and Gates 625). One effect of this development in literary studies of particular interest to Burke scholars is a blossoming of interest in Burke's discussions with Ralph Ellison about the representation of race in American culture.1
A common argument against this "holy trinity" is that it politicizes literary studies, deflecting attention away from aesthetic and poetic issues. However common, this argument is an oversimplification. Consider that if politics is the sole motivation involved, then it is difficult to see why literary studies got a trio instead of a quartet that included the environment along with race, gender, and class. Rachel Carson's Silent Spring, after all, appeared in 1962, one year before Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique, and eight years after the Supreme Court's historic decision in Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. The first Earth Day was 1970. In other words, the politics of the environment and the politics of race, gender, and class became prominent during the same period. Love accentuates the point that the neglect of the environment in literary studies during the 1970s and 1980s cannot be attributed to the politics of professors: "most of us in the profession of English would be offended at not being considered environmentally conscious and ecologically aware" (227). Professors attending to race, gender, and class in the classroom often no doubt attended to the environment as well, only outside the classroom. To comprehend the emergence of this "holy trinity," one needs to attend not just to politics but to theory as well. Politics and theory married happily in the areas of race, gender, and class, but in the area of the environment they did not even start dating.
While ecocriticism began during the 1990s to become visible in literary studies, it developed independently of the theoretical developments in the preceding decades that fostered the interest in race, gender, and class; and to this day, it remains relatively marginal compared to the continuing interest in this trio.2 Some argue that ecocriticism, to overcome this marginality, needs ultimately to engage the theory that effectively discouraged attention to the environment:
An ongoing challenge for ecocritical practice is to get critical theory and ecology to address each other in ways they do not now sufficiently do. To pointedly oversimplify the situation, I would say that critical theory, in its fixation on the constructed character of representation neglects ecology; and ecology, in turn, must suffer its embarrassment in employing theory that threatens always to tar it as "foundationalist." (Roorda 173; italics added)
The italicized words can help to pinpoint the theoretical ideas that led literary studies to neglect the environment while becoming preoccupied with race, gender, and class.
Take the example of patriarchy. To say that there is a hierarchy of sexes rooted in biology is to "essentialize" and to speak as a "foundationalist." The theory that fostered interest in the "holy trinity" overturned such thinking by uncovering ways that representations "construct" what they represent. From this standpoint, one can "deconstruct" patriarchy by demonstrating that it is a "construct" that emerged in history, not a reality rooted in biology, a demonstration that puts this regressive construct into the memory bank of history and prepares the way for a new construct of gender relations. Such constructs may be called linguistic, cultural, or social, but in all cases the premise is that they are built up through linguistic and cultural practices in society. Constructionism fostered interest in the "holy trinity" because it provided theoretical arguments for overturning regressive essentialisms and foundationalisms. Theory and politics met and married happily.
Things are different when one turns to nature and the environment. Whereas the criticism of race, gender, and class seeks to shift from natural essences to cultural constructs, ecocriticism seeks to go in the opposite direction, from constructs to a nature independent of culture imposing limits and necessities that culture can do nothing to alter. Reduction of nature to the status of a mere construct is a problem rather than a liberation. It is thus easy enough to see why constructionists would attend to race, gender and class in the classroom, while reserving their concern for the environment for activities separate from their academic work.
Fredric Jameson sums up the dilemma succinctly. On the one hand, he observes, "Nature is thus surely the great enemy of any antifoundationalism or antiessentialism. . . . To do away with the last remnants of nature and with the natural as such is surely the secret dream and longing of all contemporary or postcontemporary, postmodern thought" (Seeds 46). On the other hand, the heyday of antifoundationalism and antiessentialism in theory coexists with the emergence and flourishing of interest in nature: "How antifoundationalism can thus coexist with the passionate ecological revival of a sense of Nature is the essential mystery at the heart of what I take to be a fundamental antinomy of the postmodern" (Seeds 46-47). For Jameson, this dualistic conjunction of mutually exclusive categories is a historical phenomenon that can only be explained with the help of historical materialism; integrating the two sides of the antinomy theoretically is impossible.
Jameson notwithstanding, such a theoretical integration is precisely the purpose of the present essay. Burke is ideally suited for this enterprise insofar as his work combines realism with theorizing about language characteristic of antifoundationalism. Burke's theory of the "representative anecdote" will serve as our focal point: first, we will consider it as a general theoretical model; then, we will offer some "notes" toward the development of an anecdote suitable for a Burkean mode of ecocriticism.
Representative Anecdotes in General
"The Representative Anecdote," a chapter in A Grammar of Motives, begins,
Men seek for vocabularies that will be faithful reflections of reality. To this end, they must develop vocabularies that are selections of reality. And any selection of reality must, in certain circumstances, function as a deflection of reality. (59)
Burke's use of the terms "reflection," "selection," and "deflection" to characterize terminologies is well known, but it is likely that most people know these terms from their appearance in a later essay, "Terministic Screens." The central place of these terms in both texts is a sign of their close connection. If there is a difference between the two, it is because "Terministic Screens" is more abstract, so much so that the theoretical force of the inclusion of "anecdote" along with "representative" may be lost. Whether that is the case, however, is debatable. Consider Burke's explanation of the source of the term "terministic screens":
One thus may argue that "Terministic Screens" is built around an "anecdote" drawn from photography.When I speak of "terministic screens," I have particularly in mind some photographs I once saw. They were different photographs of the same objects, the difference being that they were made with different color filters. Here something so "factual" as a photograph revealed notable distinctions in texture, and even in form, depending upon which color filter was used for the documentary description of the event being recorded. (45)
Why say "representative anecdote" rather than simply "representation"? What is the significance of the addition of "anecdote"?
If, as Burke theorizes, any terminology is a "selection" and is therefore a "reflection" of some things and a "deflection" away from others, then terminologies do not reproduce reality, as assumed in the naïve verbal realism that foundationalism typically presupposes, but construct it, as claimed in antifoundational theory. In other words, the trio of "selection," "reflection," and "deflection" is enough to produce an antifoundationalist theory of "representation" compatible with one side of Jameson's antinomy. But Burke also insists that the development of a terminology requires an "anecdote":
Dramatism suggests a procedure to be followed in the development of a given calculus, or terminology. It involves the search for a "representative anecdote," to be used as a form in conformity with which the vocabulary is constructed. (Grammar 59)
It is the requirement of the anecdote that allows Burke, as we will see, to incorporate the other side of Jameson's antinomy.
In "The Representative Anecdote" chapter in the Grammar, Burke counterpoints dramatism to behaviorism. Identifying the behaviorist's animal experiments as the anecdote that prompts the "selection" that informs behaviorism's terminology, Burke faults this anecdote as unrepresentative because it leaves out the linguistic prowess one finds in humans. By including language, dramatism succeeds where behaviorism fails. Such deliberations about whether an anecdote is representative or unrepresentative parallel the Supreme Court's when it decides whether the factual and legal circumstances of a particular case make it a suitable "test case" for a significant legal issue. In both, a particular part of reality (anecdote, test case) is evaluated on the basis of how well it represents this reality in general, or at least the dimensions of this reality relevant to one's concerns.
Conceived as an anecdote, a representation is thus "a part of" reality, not "apart from" it, as in the "prison-house" metaphor that Jameson uses in the title of his study of the linguistic theorizing informing the structuralist tradition, The Prison-House of Language, a mode of theorizing rooted in Saussure's conceptualization of language as a system of "differences without positive terms" (Prison-House 15). John Steinbeck thinks in the spirit of "a part of" in Sea of Cortez, based on his 1940 boat trip with Edward R. Ricketts to study marine life in the Sea of Cortez (i.e., Gulf of California). Steinbeck remarks that while the purpose of their trip was to record empirical observations of invertebrates and their activities, they recognized in advance,
We could not observe a completely objective Sea of Cortez anyway, for in that lonely and uninhabited Gulf our boat and ourselves would change it the moment we entered. By going there, we would bring a new factor to the Gulf. Let us consider that factor and not be betrayed by this myth of permanent objective reality. (3-4).
Similarly, by theorizing ways that words, however antifoundational in functioning as "selections," are nonetheless real and have real effects, Burke's theorizing is consistently in the spirit of "a part of" rather than the "apart from" of the prison-house metaphor. For example, in the Grammar, Burke counters the positivist argument that would dismiss as nonsense any statement that could not be verified empirically:
So, one could, if he wished, maintain that all theology, metaphysics, philosophy, criticism, poetry, drama, fiction, political exhortation, historical interpretation, and personal statements about the lovable and the hateful--one could if he wanted to be as drastically thorough as some of our positivists now seem to want to be--maintain that every bit of this is nonsense. Yet these words of nonsense would themselves be real words, involving real tactics, having real demonstrable relationships, and demonstrably affecting relationships. (57-58)
In other words, even constructs, however much they may be "nonsense" by positivist standards, are nonetheless a part of reality (like Steinbeck's boat), involving tactics and relationships, and having effects. Even when Burke deploys his often-repeated distinction between "motion" and "action," he avoids lapsing into a variant of the Cartesian dualism by connecting these two realities. It is conceivable, he suggests, to have "motion" without "action":
if all verbalizingly active animals were erased from the world (as they in all likelihood some day will be) despite the absence of such speech acts there would still be the motions of the winds and tides, of the earth's revolutions about the sun, the processes of geology, astronomic unfoldings in general, etc., all going their way without the benefit of verbal clergy here on earth. ("Words as Deeds" 160)
But "action" without "motion" is not possible:
For the "act" of speaking (and of interpreting an utterance) is made possible only by its grounding in two aspects of motion; namely: (a) such physiological motions as the neural processes involved in speaking, hearing, interpreting, and the like; (b) such environmental motions as the vibrations in the air which carry the words from speaker to hearer. . . . Written words would depend on visual rather than auditory kinds of environmental motion, Braille on motions involved in touch. ("Words as Deeds" 164)
Language is a part of the reality of the body and its physical situation, not apart from it. As Burke puts it in later writings, in a formulation to which we will return later, humans are "bodies that learn language."
One possible source for Burke's preference for "a part of" over "apart from" can be found in the way he conceptualizes the term "representative anecdote" in "Four Master Tropes," included as an appendix in the Grammar, but originally published earlier, in 1941. Synecdoche is the trope that frames Burke's consideration of the problem of "representation" (Grammar 507-11), and the idea of the "representative anecdote" appears at the end of the section devoted to this trope (510-11). The year 1941, moreover, saw the appearance of The Philosophy of Literary Form, where Burke's consideration of symbolic action encompasses "the matter of synecdoche, the figure of speech wherein the part is used for the whole, the whole for the part, the container for the thing contained, the cause for the effect, the effect for the cause, etc. Simplest example: `twenty noses' for `twenty men'" (25-26). Burke adds, "The more I examine both the structure of poetry and the structure of human relations outside of poetry, the more I become convinced that this [synecdoche] is the `basic' figure of speech, and that it occurs in many modes besides that of the formal trope" (26).3 As a formal trope, a synecdoche may, of course, take the form of the whole substituting for the part or the part for the whole, whereas the synecdochic logic of the representative anecdote, because the anecdote is a part of reality, is limited to the substitution of the part for the whole.
Conceived as a synecdoche, a representative anecdote is thus a part (selection) standing for (reflection) but not coinciding with (deflection) the whole that contains the part. "Twenty noses" is a "selection." It "reflects" a part of the reality of twenty people and it "deflects" attention from other parts. The "anecdote" in this example consists of the "twenty noses." Whether it is "representative," suitable as a "test case" for one's purposes, is a matter for deliberation.
Burke's core synecdochic assumption is that no selection can reproduce the whole of reality. One's anecdotal selection is always a part of reality but it can never be the whole of reality. A terminology by its very nature is reductive in its necessary selectivity. Even a cosmology, Burke stresses in the Grammar, is "a reduction of the world to the dimensions of words" (96).
Burke's "a part of" antifoundationalism needs always to be distinguished from the "apart from" Saussurean antifoundationalism informing the structuralist and poststructuralist tradition. Burke's synecdochic logic works by presupposing a reality larger than the scope of any anecdote. The premise, in other words, is that there is a containing reality in general as well as contained anecdotes in particular. By contrast, the Saussurean premise that language is a system of differences with no positive terms eliminates even the limited "reflection" that the synecdoche allows. Burke's "reflection" is always also a distortion insofar as "deflection" is always present. But at least there is the "reflection" of "twenty noses" for twenty people, whereas the Saussurean differential model results in Derrida's "there is nothing outside the text" (158), which the "prison-house" metaphor captures in visual terms. At bottom, the differential model turns the relation between words and what is "out there" beyond words into a dualism in which one is "apart from" the other, analogous to the way that Descartes conceives mind as apart from matter. Burke's "a part of" synecdochic logic refuses such dualism, presupposing instead containing whole and contained part, a la Spinoza, the first great critic of Descartes (see Grammar 146-47 for a contrast between Descartes and Spinoza that aligns Spinoza with Burke's dramatistic orientation). In The Philosophy of Literary Form, while discussing the term "chart," a precursor of the later terms "representative anecdote" and "terministic screen," Burke observes,
Only a completely accurate chart would dissolve magic, by making the structure of names identical with the structure named. This latter is the kind of chart that Spinoza, in his doctrine of the `adequate idea,' selected as the goal of philosophy. . . . A completely accurate chart would, of course, be possible only to an infinite, omniscient mind" (7).
The whole is beyond our reach, accessible only to "god," but we are a part of it, not apart from it. While we cannot comprehend it absolutely, we can profitably deliberate about which anecdotes provide the most suitable test cases for representing it.
In suggesting, as noted earlier, that the synecdoche is "the `basic' figure of speech," Burke concludes that "synecdochic representation is thus seen to be a necessary ingredient of a truly realistic philosophy" (Philosophy 26). Offering examples of sensory, artistic, and political representation, Burke insists that in each case there is a real part in a real whole and that the former can realistically serve to represent the latter. In different situations, there may be more or less room for deliberation about which part does the best job of representing the whole, but by virtue of this synecdochic realism there is always a part linked to the whole that contains it. This realism is antifoundational insofar as the part does not reproduce the whole, as naïve verbal realism presupposes, but constructs it, as antifoundationalism insists. But in Burke's synecdochic antifoundationalism, the constructing part is "a part of" the larger reality beyond human constructions, the ultimate containing whole that may be equated to "nature" (as defined later, in the second part of the present essay). From this standpoint, antifoundationalism and nature are not at odds. Burke's synecdoche thus displaces Jameson's antinomy.
Notes toward a Representative Anecdote for Burkean Ecocriticism.
The term "ecocriticism" implicitly prefers the "eco" of ecology to the "enviro" of environment. Cheryll Glotfelty explains the difference:
enviro- is anthropocentric and dualistic, implying that we humans are at the center, surrounded by everything that is not us, the environment. Eco-, in contrast, implies interdependent communities, integrated systems, and strong connections among constituent parts. (xx)
Insofar as humans see themselves as surrounded by an "environment," they tend to overlook the fact that they are simultaneously the environment for nonhuman organisms. More generally, while living things respond to what environs them, they become, in their responses, that which environs other things. "Ecology" ("everything is connected") captures monistically what "environment" tends to obscure dualistically. This difference is equivalent to the difference between "a part of" ("eco") and "apart from" ("enviro")
In his seminal coining of the term "ecocriticism," William H. Rueckert is on the "eco" side of this distinction. He proposes, "Energy flows from the poet's language centers and creative imagination into the poem and then, from the poem (which converts and stores this energy) into the reader" (109-110). Textual activity, in other words, involves a process analogous to the transfers of energy that occur within ecosystems to sustain life. Like human activity in general, textual activity is a part of the web of connections sustaining and/or threatening ecosystems. A representative anecdote for Burkean ecocriticism should arguably participate in this web on two levels: (1) it should incorporate the web in its anecdotal model (the "eco" principle of "a part of"); (2) it should itself participate in this web by heightening our awareness of it (as Burke sought to heighten "our consciousness of linguistic action generally" [Grammar 317]).
Deliberations about the choice of a representative anecdote can be lengthy, as Burke shows in reviewing the deliberations that led to his choice of the U. S. Constitution as an anecdote to represent the purification of war (Grammar 323-38). These deliberations, moreover, started Burke down the road from what he originally envisioned as an introductory chapter, "The Constitutional Wish," to what we know as A Grammar of Motives. With this example of how complex such deliberations can become, the deliberations about a representative anecdote for Burkean ecocriticism offered here are conceived as "notes" rather than a final product, an "oar" that hopes to start a "conversation" on this topic in the "parlor" of the KB Journal.
The anecdote I will introduce to start this "conversation" is a plot from a novel, Karen Tei Yamashita's Through the Arc of the Rain Forest. A representative anecdote is in a sense a starting point. As Burke explains:
The informative anecdote, we could say, contains in nuce the terminological structure that is evolved in conformity with it. Such a terminology is a "conclusion" that follows from the selection of a given anecdote. Thus the anecdote is in a sense a summation, containing implicitly what the system that is developed from it contains explicitly. (Grammar 60)
A particularly clear example is the anecdote from photography, cited earlier, that Burke introduces in "Terministic Screens." The "color filters" yielding different photographs provide the anecdotal model for the terminology of selection, reflection, and deflection evolved in conformity with it. Hence, after summarizing Yamashita's plot, I will turn to Burke to discuss four of its components: (1) technology, (2) apocalypse, (3) life's creativity, and (4) "counter-nature." In this fashion, Burke texts will provide "the terminological structure . . . evolved in conformity with it [the anecdote]."
Yamashita's plot is built around the Matacao, a mysterious plastic substance with unusual properties, including magnetism, which begins to force its way through the surface of the earth in cleared areas in the Amazon rain forest. Initially it seems to be a geographical name for the place characterized by this substance but when it begins to be discovered in other places as well, it becomes the name for the plastic substance itself. With the Matacao, Yamashita takes a kind of ecological poetic license. Just as one can take poetic license with science to produce science fiction, Yamashita takes poetic license with dimensions of the ecological crisis to produce the Matacao and to make it the protagonist in her novel, which is essentially about the beginning, middle, and end of the Matacao.
When the Matacao appears, it attracts widespread attention. Numerous characters from three continents, linking the developed north to the underdeveloped south, are drawn to it. There is also worldwide speculation about its origins, which are not revealed until the end, when it is revealed, in Yamashita's principal exercise of poetic license, that the Matacao originates in enormous landfills in highly developed parts of the earth. Material in these landfills is pressured into lower layers of the earth's mantle, where it becomes molten enough to be squeezed through underground veins to virgins areas of the earth, where it surfaces.
An American entrepreneur discovers that Matacao plastic possesses properties making it suitable for a myriad of new technologies that make possible the production of new infrastructure and a wide range of products. It even begins to appear possible to use it to make synthetic food as well as other substitutes for natural things. Matacao feathers, for example, prove to be indistinguishable from natural feathers. Near the end of the novel, an amusement park called "Chicolandia" is created entirely out of Matacao plastic:
Everything in Chicolandia was being made of Matacao plastic, from the roller coasters to the giant palms, the drooping orchids and the buildings. . . . The animated animals, also constructed in the revolutionary plastic, were mistaken for real animals until people questioned their repetitive movements. . . . (168)
"Chicolandia" is thus similar to the "Culture-Bubble" in Burke's "Towards Helhaven" (to be discussed shortly) insofar as each is designed to dramatize a technological remaking of the totality of reality.
As the plot moves towards its conclusion, however, it does not allow us to forget our earthly status in the cosmos. In the plot's crowning irony, as the characters seem to separate themselves more and more from the earth through their miraculous technological exploitation of the Matacao, these characters remain in fact as embedded as ever in ecology's web of connections, as they eventually are forced to realize in the plot's apocalyptic climax.
Yamashita prepares for her conclusion midway through the novel when she underlines the creative dimension in ecology's web of connections by juxtaposing (1) the multiple cultural uses of the Matacao that flourish when it is first discovered with (2) the diverse animal responses to a mysterious junk yard, filled with abandoned aircraft and cars, in the Amazon forest. Animals, it is discovered, exploit and even feed off this junk in diverse ways.
The ecological value of diversity is dramatized near the end of the novel when an epidemic strikes. Many die, but not all. It is stressed that a certain percentage of the population proves to be immune to the disease. Homogenizing effects of capitalism are part of the reason for the epidemic but an underlying biological diversity based on random genetic variation protects the species from extinction. The homogenizing effects of capitalist exploitation of the Matacao, however, are another matter. These effects, produced in the name of markets and profits, quickly wipe out the cultural diversity that initially flourishes at the Matacao, thus preparing for the catastrophic apocalypse that concludes the novel. Bacteria appear that can feed on Matacao plastic. The homogenizing effects of technological exploitation of Matacao plastic turn out in the end to create conditions allowing these bacteria to flourish as never before. The homogenizing effects of the technological exploitation of the Matacao eliminate the protections of diversity. Destruction of the technological world is total. The corporate chief who spearheaded the technological development of Matacao plastic leaps to his suicidal death. Human survivors are left with ruins.
Technology is the most obvious area of overlap between Yamashita and Burke. Technology becomes particularly prominent in Burke's later writings. As Burke explains in the "Afterword" that he wrote for the 3rd edition of Permanence and Change,
I need not decide, or ask the reader to decide, whether such a high development of Technology is to be celebrated or to be classed as a compulsion. I am but asking that we view it as a kind of "destiny," a fulfillment of peculiarly human aptitudes. Viewed thus, Technology is an ultimate direction indigenous to Bodies That Learn Language, which thereby interactively develop a realm of artificial instruments under such symbolic guidance. (Permanence 296)
It is hard to imagine that there can be much debate about the inclusion of technology as one of the components in any anecdote for Burkean ecocriticism. Whether the same can be said for apocalypse, the second of the four components I am proposing, is no doubt more debatable. Other "oars" may very well have different ideas.
My principal Burkean justification for including this component is Burke's Helhaven narrative, which envisions, in Burke's words, "an apocalyptic development whereby technology could of itself procure, for a fortunate few, an ultimate technological release from the very distresses with which that very technology now burdens us" ("Towards Helhaven" 61). This "apocalyptic development" is "HELHAVEN, the Mighty Paradisal Culture-Bubble on the Moon" (62). Projecting an apocalyptic future goes beyond factual realities like technology, of course, to words that by positivist standards are "nonsense," but as we have already seen Burke insists that such words are nonetheless realities that can produce real effects.
Other "oars" may argue that the Helhaven essays ("Towards Helhaven" and "Why Satire") are so central to Burke's identifiably ecocritical concerns that they should be the basis for any anecdote for Burkean ecocriticism (that was my own first thought before I decided, at least tentatively, to use Yamashita's plot instead). The principal reason for my preference is that Yamashita's plot includes more fully than the Helhaven essays my third component, life's creativity, as Burke discusses it in Permanence and Change.
Before turning to this third component, however, some consideration needs to be given to an issue relevant to the inclusion of any apocalypse, regardless of whether it is the one in Yamashita or the one in the Helhaven essays. This issue revolves around the relation of the present and the future. Burke defines it in his consideration of the grammar of "present" and "future": "the present forever is, whereas the future forever is not" (Grammar 334). In making this observation, Burke's concern is that the purification of war not be conceived as a future that, by definition, can never be the present. He contrasts religious and secular futurisms, preferring the former to the latter insofar as the religious strategy projects a future that can be realized in the present:
We might bring out the contrast in doctrinal tactics between religious futurism and secular futurism thus: Whereas both would merge present and future, religious futurism does so by reducing the future to the present, whereas secular futurism reduces the present to the future. That is, the religious tactic says: Find what now is within you, and you have found what you will be. The secular tactic says: Find what will bring you promises, and you have found what is worth doing now. (Grammar 334)
For the purification of war, Burke wanted something realizable in the present rather than in a future that "forever is not." The ecological crisis is a very different context, where one fears ecological catastrophe is realizable in the present, perhaps not immediately, but sooner or later. At the same time, one does not want to project apocalyptic catastrophe into a future that "forever is not," since one then need not worry, since the catastrophe will never come.
Burke indicates how the essence of a present situation may be defined narratively from the standpoint of either the past or the future. In the Grammar, he limited himself to the past, but later, he revised his earlier formulation:
When considering "the temporizing of essence" in the Grammar, we were both put on the trail and misled somewhat by the suggestions in the word "prior." Following its leads, we saw how the search for "logical" priority can, when translated into temporal, or narrative terms, be expressed in the imagery of "regression to childhood," or in other imagery or ideas of things past. This concern with the statement of essence in terms of origins (ancestry) caused us to overlook the exactly opposite resource, the statement of essence in terms of culminations (where the narrative notion of "how it all ends up" does serve for the logically reductive notion of "what it all boils down to"). (Rhetoric 15)
From this standpoint, then, an apocalyptic narrative may be seen not as a future that forever is not, but as a way of defining the present in terms of the logical conclusion (future) of present practices. Such a future would not be a mere "forever is not." Rather it would be like the lung cancer ("how it all ends up") that tells us what smoking at the present time "boils down to."
Burke's vision of Helhaven is conceived precisely as such a "temporizing of essence" that looks to the future rather than the past. As Burke observes,
There you glimpse the principle behind the vision [of Helhaven]. . . . We need but extend to "perfection" the sort of conditions we already confront in principle when we buy bottled water because the public water supply is swill; or when a promoter, by impairing the habitability of some area (as, for instance, with a smeltery or a jetport), makes profit enough to build himself a secluded, idyllic estate among still uncontaminated lakes, meadows, and wooded peaks. ("Towards Helhaven" 61).
In other words, the "Culture-Bubble" on the moon (apocalyptic future) "temporizes the essence" of present practices such as the substitution of technologically produced bottled water for water polluted by technology. 4
The specific form of Helhaven's apocalypse (technological production of a "Culture-Bubble" to replace what technology destroyed) appears in Yamashita's plot in the technological exploitation of Matacao plastic to begin to replace natural objects themselves with Matacao substitutes indistinguishable from the originals, just as Burke's Culture-Bubble includes things like "an actual manmade shoreline, with waves, and breakers, splendid for surfing, and the best white sand for luxuriating on the beach (though protected from the sun and exposed only to a scientifically designed substitute" ("Towards Helhaven" 62). But in Yamashita's plot, unlike the Helhaven narrative, such replacements do not themselves constitute the plot's apocalyptic conclusion, which involves natural processes contrasting the protections of biological diversity (the epidemic) with the absence of such protections (the bacteria eating the Matacao). Other "oars" may cite this difference as a reason for preferring the Helhaven essays to the Yamashita plot.
But before doing that, I would urge looking to Yamashita's plot for an anecdotal counterpart to Burke's discussion of life's creativity, my third component, in Permanence and Change. A principal text that serves as a basis for this discussion is D. H. Lawrence's provocative claim that "growing crops make the sun shine" (Permanence 222, 231-32, 250-55, 258-61), a claim that Burke subjects to his test of "recalcitrance" (258-61). Ultimately, the core issue boils down to identifying exactly what it is in the present that one wishes to define futuristically. The apocalypse in the Helhaven narrative defines the essence of the present practice of using technology to create replacements for what technology destroyed in the first place. Burke's discussion of Lawrence offers an orientation that may lead one to wish to foreground different features of our present situation.
Burke concedes that Lawrence's claim cannot be accepted on its face: "The objection to Lawrence's statements is that they have not yet undergone the scope of revision required by the recalcitrance of the material which would be disclosed were we to extend them into all walks of investigation" (256). Revising Lawrence, Burke counterpoints positivism to Lawrence:
The positivist, looking upon the universe as created, says that the last chapter [crops] flows inexorably from the conditions laid down in the first chapter [sun]. Lawrence would look upon the universe as being created. He would restore the poetic point of view. Behind the effrontery of his assertions, he seems to be saying simply that the last chapter is not caused by the first, but that all the chapters are merely different aspects of a single process. (231-32)
In other words, the fundamental reality is the totality of interconnections that sustain life. This totality works not by linear causality (the half-truth that the sun makes the crops grow) but by the ecological causality of interdependent parts (sun light is part of the totality of life on earth, whereas on Mars, it is part of the totality of lifelessness). Lawrence, Burke suggests, restores the poetic viewpoint in focusing on the creativity at the heart of life: "the creative, assertive, synthetic act. He [Lawrence] would stress or ignore, in accordance with the authority of our biologic genius as he conceives it to be" (259). (Incidentally, insofar as Permanence and Change is also trying to restore the poetic viewpoint, one may read Burke's discussion of Lawrence as a roundabout way in which Burke subjects himself to his test of "recalcitrance.")
While one associates creativity most directly with human activity, one needs also to recognize that there is creativity in the evolutionary processes that invent new species, even if they work by way of coincidences of random genetic variation and "natural selection." "Selection" on the side of human reality; "natural selection" on the side of nonhuman reality, which needs to be extended to include the biological level of human life, the "motion" that makes "action" possible. What "natural selection" will do to or for us depends on the "selection" informing our own programs of action.
Life's creativity makes it impossible to map in terms of mechanistic causality the process whereby organisms respond to what environs them and in doing so produce effects that environ others. Because of the creativity rooted in "selection" and "natural selection" what comes into organisms and what goes out does not move in a straight, wholly predictable linear line. Because of selectivity, there is always a degree of creativity on both human and nonhuman sides in the ecological web of life ("everything is connected").
Nature is today perhaps best defined as equivalent to this open, creative system, which contains human and nonhuman forces, neither of which totally controls the other, as in global warming, an effect of human and nonhuman interaction resulting in a hybrid with human and nonhuman components. As a hybrid, nature is no longer independent in the sense of pure nature (i.e., nature free of human fingerprints), but it nonetheless remains independent in the sense that it is a force that can produce effects that humans can neither anticipate (unintended consequences) nor alter without changing their own practices (e.g., the changes that would be needed to reverse global warming). In this hybrid nature, humankind is a part of nature not apart from it, as modernity, beginning with the Cartesian dualism, has tended to think.
Yamashita's apocalypse reveals a nature that takes this hybrid form insofar as human selection (technological creativity) interacts with natural selection (bacteria that can feast on Matacao plastic), resulting in a catastrophe that defines the limits of humankind's control of the Earth's ecosystem. In other words, this apocalypse defines in futuristic terms the essence of the present in the comprehensive terms one finds in Burke's discussion of Lawrence. The present practice of using technology to create replacements for what technology destroyed (the Helhaven apocalypse) can still be part of the story, but the Permanence and Change material allows one to tell a larger story, one that both incorporates the ecological web of life and participates in this web by heightening our awareness of it, just as Burke, as noted earlier, sought to heighten our consciousness of linguistic action.
Burke's "Counter-Nature," the last of my four components, encompasses transformations of the nonhuman like the substitution of a technologically engineered Matacao world for the nonhuman world, but it encompasses much more. As Burke stresses, "Counter-Nature" includes not only "immediate" but also "remote" consequences of human transformations of nature that together "introduce conditions of livelihood (including grave manmade threats to survival) quite alien to the state of nature to which our prehistoric ancestors successfully adapted" (Permanence 296). The technological Matacao world exemplifies the "immediate" consequences that tend to preoccupy us as we consume innovation after innovation in our consumer culture. But the greatest dangers often prove to be unintended consequences of technological innovation (e.g., global warming). These are more "remote," typically making their presence felt long after the introduction of the technologies that produce them unintentionally.
The phenomena that Burke calls "Counter-Nature" prompt Michael Serres to observe, "Global history enters nature; global nature enters history: this is something utterly new in philosophy. . . . [W]e receive gifts from the world and we inflict upon it damage that it returns to us in the form of new givens" (4, 43). Global warming would be an example of a "new given," not a "given" without human fingerprints (the traditional object of scientific study) but a "given" with such fingerprints (which poses for science the new problem of sorting out human and nonhuman causes, as in debates about global warming where one can find different calculations about the roles played by human and nonhuman forces). Yamashita's Matacao is emblematic of such "new givens," as accentuated in the novel by the debates about its origins that eventuate in the discovery of the human and nonhuman forces that produced it. In such "new givens," as Serres suggests, history ceases to be a purely human story told against an unchanging natural backdrop. Instead, nature and history become inextricably intertwined in the production of "Counter-Nature." Yamashita's plot thus encompasses both the "immediate" and "remote" transformations of the nonhuman that Burke includes within the scope of "Counter-Nature," which seems destined to replace what used to be nature with the new hybrid nature we are beginning to live within today.
In this fashion, then, Burke texts on technology, apocalypse, life's creativity, and "counter-nature" can provide a "terminological structure that is evolved in conformity" with the anecdote of Yamashita's plot. It is hoped that the deliberative "notes" offered here about a representative anecdote suitable for Burkean ecocriticism are enough to start a "conversation" on this topic. To move this "conversation" along, other "oars" may (a) tweak and/or critique my proposal, (b) offer different anecdotes (Burke tells us how he experimented with a number of them in developing his anecdote for the purification of war), (c) propose ideas for different components to look for in an anecdote, or (d) add whatever other thoughts may come to mind. Your "oar" is welcome.
Robert Wess is Associate Professor of English at Oregon State University.
1 See Albrecht, Arac, Genter, Parrish, Pease, and Scruggs. Going beyond literary studies, see Crable and Eddy.
1 The term "ecocriticism" was coined by William H. Rueckert, the dean of Burke scholars, in an article first published in 1978 and later reprinted in The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology, but it did not begin to be widely used until the 1990s.
3 As I have suggested elsewhere (Wess 112-17), Burke scholars might profit from attending less to what Burke says about metaphor and more to what he says about synecdoche.
4 Similar examples appear in "Why Satire, with a Plan for Writing One," where Burke also includes the following formulation: "Even now, the kingdom of Helhaven is within you" ("Why Satire" 80), a perversion of religious futurism in which the future to be feared is emergent in the present. Note that an ecocritical anecdote may be designed to encourage a present reality insofar as it seeks to encourage the present practices needed to avert ecological catastrophe. From this standpoint, an analogue to religious futurism would be appropriate for an ecocritical anecdote.
Works Cited
Albrecht, James M. "Saying Yes and Saying No: Individualist Ethics in Ellison, Burke, and Emerson." PMLA 114 (1999): 46-63.
Arac, Jonathan. "Toward a Critical Genealogy of the U. S. Discourse of Identity: Invisible Man after Fifty Years." Boundary 2 30.2: 195-216.
Appiah, Kwame Anthony and Henry Louis Gates, Jr., eds. Identities. Spec. issue of Critical Inquiry 18.4 (1992): 625-884.
Burke, Kenneth. Attitudes toward History (1937). 3rd ed. Berkeley: U of California P, 1984.
---. A Grammar of Motives (1945). Berkeley: U of California P, 1969.
---. Language as Symbolic Action. U of California P, 1966. 44-62.
---. On Human Nature. Eds. William H. Rueckert and Angelo Bonadonna. Berkeley: U of California P, 2003.
---. Permanence and Change (1935). 3rd ed. Berkeley: U of California P, 1984.
---. The Philosophy of Literary Form (1941). 3rd ed. Berkeley: U of California, 1973.
---. A Rhetoric of Motives (1950). Berkeley: U of California P, 1969.
---. "Terministic Screens." Burke, Language 44-62.
---. "Towards Helhaven: Three Stages of a Vision." Burke, On Human Nature 54-65.
---. "Why Satire, with a Plan for Writing One." Burke, On Human Nature 66-95.
---. "Words as Deeds." Centrum 3.2 (1975): 147-68.
Crable, Bryan. "Kenneth Burke's Dialogue with Ralph Ellison." Rhetoric Society Quarterly 33.3 (Summer 2003): 5-25.
Derrida, Jacques. Of Grammatology. Trans. Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1976.
The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology. Eds. Cheryll Glotfelty and Harold Fromm. Athens: U of Georgia P, 1996.
Eddy, Beth. The Rites of Identity: The Religious Naturalism and Cultural Criticism of Kenneth Burke and Ralph Ellison. Princeton: Princeton UP, 2003.
Genter, Robert. "Toward a Theory of Rhetoric: Ralph Ellison, Kenneth Burke, and the Problem of Modernism." Twentieth Century Literature 48.2 (Summer 2002):
Glotfelty, Cheryll. "Introduction: Literary Studies in an Age of Environmental Crisis." Ecocriticism Reader xv-xxxvii.
Jameson, Fredric. The Prison-House of Language: A Critical Account of Structuralism and Russian Formalism. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1972.
---. The Seeds of Time. New York: Columbia UP, 1994.
Love, Glen A. "Revaluing Nature: Toward an Ecological Criticism." Ecocriticism Reader 225-40.
McKibben, William. The End of Nature. New York: Random House, 1989.
Parrish, Timothy L. "Ralph Ellison, Kenneth Burke, and the Form of Democracy." Arizona Quarterly 51.3 (Autumn 1995): 116-48.
Pease, Donald E. "Ralph Ellison and Kenneth Burke: The Nonsymbolizable (Trans)Action." Boundary 2 30.2 (2003): 65-96.
Roorda, Randall. "KB in Green: Ecology, Critical Theory, and Kenneth Burke." The ISLE Reader: Ecocriticism, 1993-2003. Eds. Michael P. Branch and Scott Slovic. Athens: U of Georgia P, 2003. 173-87.
Rueckert, William H. "Literature and Ecology: An Experiment in Ecocriticism." The Ecocriticism Reader 105-23.
Scruggs, Charles. "The Ever-Emerging City in Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man." Sweet Home: Invisible Cities in the Afro-American Novel. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1993.
Serres, Michel. The Natural Contract. Trans. Elizabeth MacArthur and William Paulson. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan P, 1995.
Steinbeck, John. The Log from the Sea of Cortez. 1951. New York: Penguin Books, 1977.
Wess, Robert. Kenneth Burke: Rhetoric, Subjectivity, Postmodernism. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1996.
Yamashita, Karen Tei. Through the Arc of the Rain Forest. Minneapolis: Coffee House P, 1990.


text:
What trip to Paris is complete without visiting the Eiffel Tower? The first time I was there I couldn't even go up in the elevator. I have a horrible fear of heights. I even have to close my eyes when watching a movie with someone looking over the top of a tall building or cliff. However, on the second trip we were eating dinner in the restaurant on either the second or third level. Well, I don't like to miss a meal, so I closed my eyes and stepped on.
I have to digress here for a moment because for a short time I thought I was going to be saved from having to go up there. You see, workers were on strike at the Eiffel Tower. I don't remember what they were protesting but they were on strike, which means it was basically shut down. However, the restaurant was still open. I don't care how hungry I was, I was not going to walk up the steps. When there is a strike in France, it is usually for a day or so, from what I understand. It is simply to get their point across. This was a foreign concept to me. If that is incorrect, someone please call me on it. This is just what I picked up while I was there and could have easily misunderstood.
Anyway, because we already had reservations, and had probably paid for the meal through the tour company, we were allowed onto the elevator. Like I said, I closed my eyes and probably held my breath too. The book, Angels and Demons played through my mind. Remember the opening scene when the elevator malfunctions? Yep, that was what I was thinking about.
My first trip up was at night. The view was breathtaking. And maybe one of the reasons I enjoyed it so much was because there weren't any crowds. In fact, while we were outside looking over the City, it felt as if we had the entire Eiffel Tower to ourselves.
There was no strike on my second trip, but I found myself taking that elevator up again (closing my eyes and holding my breath). I have to admit, this view was even better because it was in the middle of the day and you could see so much. Also, the shops were open so I had to buy a few souvenirs. Who knew if I would have the guts to ever go up again?
The Eiffel Tower is located on the Champ de Mars (which has its own history that I will discuss in a later post). It was built in 1889 and was the entrance arch for the 1889 World's Fair. It is the design of Maurice Koechlin and Émile Nouguir, two senior engineers, after discussions for a centerpiece for the 1889 Exposition Universelle – a World's Fair, which would celebrate the French Revolution. Koechlin made an outline drawing in May of 1884. At first Eiffel did not have much enthusiasm for the design so he and Nouguir asked Stephen Sauvestre to contribute to the original design. Later Eiffel went on to state:
"not only the art of the modern engineer, but also the century of Industry and Science in which we are living, and for which the way was prepared by the great scientific movement of the eighteenth century and by the Revolution of 1789, to which this monument will be built as an expression of France's gratitude."
However, it was not met with enthusiasm from everyone. Some didn't think it was feasible and others "objected on artistic grounds." A committee including important figures of the French artists was formed and a petition was sent to the Minister of Works and Commission for the Exposition and published by Le Temps.
"We, writers, painters, sculptors, architects and passionate devotees of the hitherto untouched beauty of Paris, protest with all our strength, with all our indignation in the name of slighted French taste, against the erection…of this useless and monstrous Eiffel Tower … To bring our arguments home, imagine for a moment a giddy, ridiculous tower dominating Paris like a gigantic black smokestack, crushing under its barbaric bulk Notre Dame, the Tour Saint-Jacques, the Louvre, the Dome of les Invalides, the Arc de Triomphe, all of our humiliated monuments will disappear in this ghastly dream. And for twenty years … we shall see stretching like a blot of ink the hateful shadow of the hateful column of bolted sheet metal"
Did you notice they mentioned twenty years? Yep, the Eiffel Tower was to have been temporary. It was supposed to have been dismantled in 1909 when the City of Paris became the owner. The reason it wasn't is because it became valuable for the purpose of communication. During WWI, powerful radio transmitters were fitted to the tower in order to jam German communications. Not only did it hinder their advance on Paris but contributed to the Allied victory.
I think anyone visiting Paris should visit the Eiffel Tower. Is it my favorite place? No. That is because I prefer to be further back in history. My favorite places in France are much older and when I set stories within France, the Eiffel Tower doesn't exist, nor has it even been thought about.
(All quotes and historical information taken from Wikipedia)


text:
#4823 - SAND BUSTER-T PADDLE TIRE M COMP (190x70mm/2pcs)
Baja 5T/Rear
Sand Buster-T Rib front and Sand Buster-T Paddle rear tires are now available from HPI Racing. These tires are designed specifically for the Baja 5T truck. Sand Busters-T Rib fronts have a rib down the center of the tire to cut through the sand for stable steering, and the Sand Buster-T Paddle rears have 10 large paddles for maximum traction in sand and soft dirt. Sand Buster's are designed for the sand, but you can also run them in loose dirt and even in the mud!
Sold in pairs, these tires are a direct replacement for the factory Baja 5T tires. #4823 SAND BUSTER-T PADDLE TIRE M COMP (190x70mm/2pcs) #4821 SAND BUSTER-T RIB TIRE M COMP (190x60mm/2pcs)


text:
An extremely modest man was in the hospital for a series of tests, the last of which had left his bodily systems extremely upset. Upon making several false alarm trips to the bathroom, he decided the latest episode was another and stayed put. He suddenly filled his bed with diarrhea and was embarrassed beyond his ability to remain rational. In a complete loss of composure he jumped out of bed, gathered up the bed sheets, and threw them out the hospital window.
A drunk was walking by the hospital when the sheets landed on him. He started yelling, cursing, and swinging his arms violently trying to get the unknown things off and ended up with the soiled sheets in a tangled pile at his feet.
As the drunk stood there, unsteady on his feet, staring down at the sheets, a hospital security guard, barely containing his laughter, and who had watched the whole incident, walked up and asked, "What the heck is going on here?"
The drunk, still staring down replied ........ "I think I just beat the shit out of a ghost."


text:
DIWA nationally important wetland 2019 wetland habitat extentsDefinition of DIWA nationally important wetland based on wetland mapping version 6.0
Display areas in
Note that these totals may be lower than the Queensland totals due to incomplete coverage of DIWA nationally important wetlands.
Disclaimer Areas do not include marine or estuarine waters but do include estuarine wetland vegetation All statistics are approximate and generated based on data transformed to a customised Albers equal-area projection, thus allowing wetland extent change for different regions of Queensland to be comparable. Areas may change over time as mapping approaches improve. Totals may not match the sum of individually displayed figures due to the rounding of displayed figures. This page should be cited as: Department of Environment, Science and Innovation, Queensland (2022) DIWA nationally important wetland 2019 wetland habitat extents, WetlandInfo website, accessed 25 June 2024. Available at: https://wetlandinfo.des.qld.gov.au/wetlands/ecology/statistics/wetland-habitat/diwa-wetland.html |


text:
Try some of these nutritious and delicious sides for your next dinner.
These are recipes that are moderate or low in carbohydrate, low in saturated fat, and contain no alcohol. They also feature ingredients that can support liver health like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, beans, legumes, and foods rich in unsaturated fats, especially omega-3 fats. This tag was created with those that have non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mind.