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Whatever you may have heard about hackers, the truth is they do something really, really well: discover. Hackers are motivated, resourceful, and creative. They get deeply into how things work, to the point that they know how to take control of them and change them into something else. This lets them re-think even big ideas because they can really dig to the bottom of how things function.
Furthermore, they aren't afraid to make the same mistake twice just out of a kind of scientific curiosity, to see if that mistake always has the same results. That's why hackers don't see failure as a mistake or a waste of time because every failure means something and something new to be learned. And these are all traits any society needs in order to make progress. Which is why we need to get it into schools.
Now, there is the expected resistance from school administrations and parents. Mostly because people don't know what hacking really is. Many people who have been called hackers, especially by the media, or who have gotten in trouble for "hacking" were not, in fact, hackers. Most all of them were just thieves and fraudsters. When you read in the news, Teen girl hacks Facebook to harass a classmate, what you're seeing is a sensationalized headline. What a hacker reads in that headline is: Mean girl watched classmate type in her Facebook password and then logged in as her. That mean people and criminals do bad things with communications medium is not a reason to fear the medium. Schools are there to educate and can embrace this distinction for real change.
Hacking is a type of methodology. It's a way to do research. Have you ever tried something again and again in different ways to get it to do what you wanted? Have you ever opened up a machine or a device to see how it works, read up on what the components are, and then make adjustments to see what now worked differently? That's hacking. You are hacking whenever you deeply examine how something really works in order to manipulate it, often creatively, into doing what you want.
A hacker is a type of hands-on, experimenting scientist, although perhaps sometimes the term "mad scientist" fits better, because unlike professional scientists they dive right in, following a feeling rather than a formal hypothesis. That's not necessarily a bad thing. Many interesting things have been designed or invented by people who didn't follow standard conventions of what was known or believed to be true at the time.
For example...
The mathematician, Georg Cantor, proposed new ideas about infinity and set theory that caused outrage amongst many fellow mathematicians to the point that one called his ideas a "grave disease" infecting mathematics.
Nikola Tesla is another person considered a "mad scientist" in his day, but he knew more about how electricity behaved than anyone else. He designed possibly the first brushless motor that ran on AC electricity but is mostly known for the Tesla effect and the Tesla coil.
Then there was Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis who figured out that doctors need to wash their hands between treating patients to keep diseases from spreading. He wondered if the diseases following him around between patients were his fault, so he decided to try washing hands between his patient visits and sure enough the transmissions disappeared. His ideas went against both the scientific conventions of what was known at the time about germs (nothing) as well as the convenience of the doctors who felt it was too much hassle to keep washing their hands.
It just so happens that the way the Internet is designed and the huge number of different applications, systems, devices, and processes it has makes it the most common place to find hackers. You could say it's a place where information can run free because it was built open and free by hackers so it's the best playground for hackers. But it's not the only place. You can find great hackers in almost every field and industry and they all have one thing in common: they spend time learning how things work so they can make them work in a new way. These hackers didn't look at something as the original designers did, but instead saw bigger or better potential for it and hacked it to be something new.
What you may think you know about hackers is that they can break into other computers and take over other people's accounts. They can read your email without you knowing. They can look through your web cam without your permission and can see you and hear you in the supposed privacy of your own home. That's not untrue.
Some hackers see network security as just another challenge, so they tinker with ways to trick or fool the system, but really what they're trying to do is out-think the network installers or designers. They discover as much about the network as they can, where it gets its instructions, the rules it uses, and how it interacts with operating systems, the other systems around it, the users who have access to it and the administrators who manage it. Then they use that to try different ways of getting what they want. This kind of hacking can be greatly beneficial to the world for understanding how to be safer and for building even better technology.
Unfortunately though, sometimes the hacking is done by criminals and what they want is illegal, invasive, and destructive. And those are usually the only hackers you read about in the news. A hacker is not someone who posts to someone's account when they leave a social media page open or shoulder-surfs passwords and then logs into their account later. That's not hacking. A hacker also is not someone who downloads a script kiddie tool to break into someone's email. Those aren't hackers; those are just thieves and vandals.
Hacking itself is not illegal. At least not any more than throwing a rock is illegal. It all comes down to intent. If you throw a rock and your intent is to injure someone, that's a crime. If your intent is not to hurt someone, but someone does get hurt, that may not be a crime, but you are responsible for your actions and will have to pay restitution. An Institute for Security and Open Methodologies (ISECOM) project called the Hacker Profiling Project found that the most damage from hacking comes from young, inexperienced hackers damaging other people's property by accident. Which is something parents and teachers already teach kids when it comes to rock-throwing, but it doesn't translate well when it comes to how to behave in cyberspace. If we are teaching hacking, then we can also teach responsibility, accountability, and make it clear how to behave when hacking around other people's property. This will encourage students to stick to hacking the things they bought and own.
The caveat to that is that there are cases where it may be illegal to hack something you bought and own. There are hackers who have been punished for hacking their own devices and computers. These things were closed to prevent them from being copied or changed despite that they paid for it and own it. These are hackers who hacked programs, music, and movies they bought so it looked, behaved, and sounded the way they wanted to or played on other devices they bought and owned and were prosecuted for it. Especially when they openly shared their ideas with others. Hackers will find that any closed source software they buy may be illegal to hack, even if it's just to check for themselves that it's secure enough to run on their own computer. This is because many of the things that you purchase may come with Copyright and a contract as an End User License Agreement (EULA) that says you can't. And you agree to it when you open or install the product, even if you can't read it or find out about it after you've opened or installed the product. Yes, that's sneaky and unfair.
But that's all the more reason to teach young people to hack. You see, education is open. It can be legally hacked to teach kids to think openly, be inspired, be curious, and thus, to be a hacker. What hacking is really about is taking control of something if you don't like how it works. Why would you do this? To have the freedom to make something you own do what you want. And to keep others from changing something you own back to the original form or copying all your ideas, drawings, writings, and pictures to a cloud somewhere to be controlled by someone else who claims it's for your "best interest."
As a hacker, you know what your own best interest is. Sometimes you buy something and the company you bought it from will attempt to forcefully or slyly make sure you can't customize it or change it beyond their rules. You can't play it somewhere else or use it any other way than as intended, supposedly to protect you. And that might be okay to agree to as long as you accept the fact that if you break it then you can't expect them to fix it or replace it. That would mean that hacking something you own does more than make it yours, it makes it irrevocably and undeniably yours. As scary as that may sound to some, it certainly has its advantages. Especially if you want to keep others, like the company that made it and the marketing company they're re-selling your information and habits to, out of your stuff.
And finally, of course knowing how to hack makes you more secure. For many, many people, security is about putting a product in place, whether that's a lock or an alarm or a firewall or anything that theoretically keeps them secure. But sometimes those products don't work as well they should, or they come with their own problems that just increase your "Attack Surface," when a security product should be shrinking it. (The Attack Surface is all the ways, all the interactions, that allow for something or someone to be attacked.)
And yeah, good luck getting that product improved in a mass-marketing, pay-as-you-go, copyrighted, closed-source, "you bought it as-is and that's what you have to live with" kind of world. That's why it's so important to know how to hack your security. A hacker wouldn't buy the same padlock you would because a hacker sees locks in terms of how many seconds they would need to open it. Hackers learn to analyze a product and figure out where it fails and how to change it so it works better. Then they might have to hack it some more to keep that company they bought it from, from changing it back to the default!
So hacking in terms of breaking security is just one area that hacking is useful, because without being able to do that, you may have to give up some freedom or some privacy that you don't want to give up. (And some of you may not care right now about certain things you do or say or post, but the Internet has a long memory and it's getting better and better at helping others recall those memories of you. What goes on the net stays on the net. And kids today are pretty much born on the net.) Not to mention technology is getting more and more out of our ability to control it. That mobile phone of yours or that new flatscreen with built-in camera for Skype are likely doing things that you don't know and don't control with what they see and hear. It takes some hacking to wrestle that control back.
Schools and educators who read this and want to teach their students to hack, and what hacking can be, need to be aware upfront that it won't be easy. There will be resistance from closed minds. School administrations may also need to contend with the fact that hacking some things may be illegal in their state, and they will need to get open source hardware and software to try to stay on the legal side of things. When teaching students how to hack and what hacking is, it can be hard to do with words. Try experiences and putting it into practice to really get your point across.
Free, open projects like Hacker Highschool can help kids develop the skills, feeling, and intuition through practice with support so they don't break the wrong things. The possibility of breaking something is simply part of the process, and should not be a factor keeping teachers and schools from teaching hacking. They should provide that support with an open source and open minded effort.
View the complete collection of Beginners in Open Source Week articles.


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Exact Colour: Black
Finish: Glitter
Size: 200ml
Use: All Purpose
Type: Spray
Brand: Paint Factory
Please note:
Due to printing limitations, the colour may vary from the cap and can colour.
400ml Cans have 100ml paint and 300ml propellant. It will do approx. 1m2 of one coat.
200ml Cans have 50ml paint and 150ml propellent. It will do approx. 0.5m2 of one coat.
The above estimates are based on using a primer first especially on porous surfaces where the paint gets absorbed into the material.
We recommend using a primer then paint followed by clear lacquer for best results. Always try on a small area first before spraying the whole area.
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Your payment information is processed securely. We do not store credit card details nor have access to your credit card information.

subset: commoncrawl


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(Part of the ongoing WISENET Series)
If you can't remember the last time you were without your cell phone, but you can remember your embarrassment when you forgot your wallet, you're a good candidate for a mobile wallet. What's a mobile wallet and where can you get one? Well, get in line. While all over Japan and Korea, people are waving their telephones over reader pads to pay for everything that you could pay for with cash, checks, or credit cards, we in the U.S. are pretty much still waiting. Even in the developing world mobile banking is allowing cash to travel as quickly as a text message to pay for all kinds of things. By now you've guessed that mobile banking is intended to replace your wallet with your cell phone (which for those of us who are trying to downsize our purses is reason enough to consider the option). For mobile payments to safely and securely catch on in the U.S., consumers, banks, merchants, and carriers must work together. I'll be blogging on this subject for a bit, so tune in and join in the discussion, as I look forward to learning from you as well.


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Doing laundry has been a common household activity for years. Whether the technology was beating the garments on rocks by the river or pushing buttons on programmed washing machines, this process depends on water and a mechanical action usually assisted by soap or an alkali. The purpose of an alkali is to saponify the oils and dislodge ordinary soil and other matter. More often than not, the soapy agent holds soil in suspension as it becomes loose during the wash cycle, and is subsequently flushed away during the rinse cycle and centrifugal spin.
The drying process for doing laundry at home is either hanging clothes on a clothesline or tumbling them in a gas- or electric-heated dryer.
Dry cleaning, on the other hand, is different. It's a process that cleans clothes without water. The cleaning fluid that is used is a liquid, and all garments are immersed and cleaned in a liquid solvent — the fact that there is no water is why the process is called "dry." In this article, we will take a behind-the-scenes look at the dry-cleaning process so that you can understand what happens to your clothes after you drop them off at the cleaners!


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Most Chinese people have never even heard of a General Tsao, and are completely befuddled by the overly sauced fried chicken dish that Americans know as General Tsao's chicken.
In fact, authentic Chinese food almost looks nothing like American Chinese food. It varies tremendously by region: Sichuan cuisine is spicy, Shangdong cuisine is generally salty and crispy, and Cantonese cuisine is sweet, for example.
Here are eight real Chinese dishes you should order instead of the American knock-offs.
Instead of crab rangoon, order Xiao Long Bao (soup dumplings):
Chinese people would not understand the appeal of crab rangoon, deep fried wontons filled with fake crab meat and cream cheese. If you're hankering for a dumpling, order Xiao Long Bao instead. These Shanghai dumplings are filled with meat—usually pork or crab—and a rich savory broth that oozes out at the first bite. There's a trick to successfully eating one of these dumplings: bite the corner of the dumpling and let the broth seep out onto the spoon. Then eat the dumpling and slurp up the broth.
Instead of egg rolls, order cong you bing (scallion pancakes):
American-style egg rolls are thick, bloated, deep-fried rolls of dough filled with meat and vegetables. Biting into one can be a greasy, daunting, and messy affair. For a similar crunchy fried appetizer, try scallion pancakes, delicious fried flat bread loaded with chopped scallions.
Instead of General Tsao's chicken, order Peking duck:
You won't find General Tsao's chicken in China, but if you're hankering for a rich poultry dish, try Peking duck, a roasted duck dish which is famous for its succulent meat and flavorful, crispy skin. Pair it with some scallions, cucumbers, and hoisin sauce, and wrap it in a pancake for the traditional Peking duck dining experience.
Instead of beef with broccoli, order yu xiang rou si (shredded pork in hot garlic sauce):
There are two problems with the beloved beef with broccoli dish: There is no broccoli (at least not the western version) in China, and Chinese people generally don't eat much beef. Instead, try Yu Xiang Rou Si, a dish of shredded pork in hot garlic sauce. In this spicy and flavorful Sichuan dish, the pork is usually sauteed with vegetables such as mushrooms and peppers.
Instead of sesame chicken, order la zi ji (chicken with chillies):
Instead of sesame chicken, which is fried chunks of chicken coated in a sweet sauce and sesame seeds, order la zi ji, an incredibly spicy Sichuan dish that consists of fried chunks of chicken breast with peppercorn, toasted sesame and chili. It's got the same crunch as the Chinese-American version, but with a lot more flavor.
Instead of lo mein, order zha jiang mian:
American-style lo mein noodles are thick wheat flour noodles that are stir-fried with vegetables or meat. It's usually a heavy, greasy, and flavorless dish. Zha jiang mian is a much more flavorful, authentic Chinese noodle dish topped with delicious stir-fried pork and zhajiang (fermented soybean paste).
Instead of wonton soup, try shrimp dumpling soup:
Chinese American-style wonton soup usually consists of a thick noodle wrapped around a clump of pork in a broth. Hong Kong is famous for its noodle soups, and the shrimp dumpling soup is far superior to the American version. The shrimp dumpling has a much more delicate shell, the broth has a fragrant wonton flavor, and the soup is filled with fresh noodles.
Instead of fortune cookies, order oranges:
Oranges are considered fortuitous in Chinese culture, and most Chinese people end their meals with a slice of orange — not fortune cookies, which aren't even Chinese.


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Toyota Hybrid & Electric Vehicles Explained – Video
From the Toyota Prius, with its aerodynamic styling, to the 200 Hybrid System Net HP Camry Hybrid, one of the most fuel-efficient sedans in its class, Toyota hybrids are designed to create harmony between man, nature and machine.
Browse all of the new hybrids, including the RAV4 Hybrid, Highlander Hybrid, Avalon Hybrid, and the Prius Family, and discover legendary efficiency, reliability and power for the 21st century.
Customize your vehicle your way with your hands on the wheel, to parallel parking with your hands off it. Seems the only thing Toyota hybrids can't help you do is waste fuel.


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Hire A Top Class Real Estate Agent Who Will Invest In Your Future
YSL Residences. Pre-Construction in Toronto
- Project Name: YSL Residences
- Builders: Cresford Developments
- Project Status: Pre-Construction
- Address: 391 Yonge Street, Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- City: Toronto
- Main Intersection: Yonge Street and Gerrard st E
- Property Type: High Rise
- Building Size: 98 stories
- Number Of Units: 957
- Location: 391 Yonge Street, Toronto, ON
- Price: Request Pricing Information
YSL Residences is a new condo development by Cresford Development Corporation currently in preconstruction at 391 Yonge Street, Toronto. YSL Residences has a total of 957 units.
YSL Residences, Canada's tallest address and Yonge Street's monumental new Cresford landmark. The epitome of luxury living, designed to elevate the fortunate few who will call it home. The proposed 98-storey mixed-use tower at Yonge and Gerrard will be the tallest residential building in Canada. For a project of this scale and vision, Cresford has tapped the expertise of one of the world's most highly regarded architecture firms, New York based Kohn Pedersen Fox, renowned for designing the tallest towers in various countries. Celebrated worldwide for their design excellence and innovative buildings, KPF will complement Cresford's commitment to quality, design and luxury, and the partnership will deliver a new landmark building that will further raise the profile of Yonge Street and put Canada on the world stage.


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President Muhammadu Buhari departed Abuja Wednesday on a three-day visit to the Republic of South Africa.
The visit first announced several months ago followed an invitation by President Cyril Ramaphosa, to discuss the welfare of Nigerians and find common grounds for building harmonious relations with their hosts.
The visit comes against the background of recent xenophobic attacks, the evacuation of hundreds of Nigerians and the exchange of visits by special envoys of the two leaders.
While in South Africa, the Nigerian leader will hold a town hall meeting with Nigerians living in the country, with a view to sharing in their experiences and reassuring them of Nigeria's government commitment to working for the protection of their lives and property and promoting peaceful co-existence.
President Buhari and his host will preside over the South Africa/Nigeria Bi-National Commission, during which a progress report will be presented. At the end of the meeting, both leaders will sign a joint communiqué.
The President and his delegation including Nigerian business representatives will also participate at a South Africa-Nigeria Business Forum with their host counterparts.
President Buhari will be accompanied by Governor Abdullahi Umar Ganduje of Kano State, Governor Simon Lalong of Plateau State and Governor David Umahi of Ebonyi State.
Others are: Minister of Foreign Affairs, Geoffrey Onyeama; Minister of Defence, Maj. Gen. Bashir Magashi (retd); Minister of Power, Eng. Saleh Mamman; Minister of Interior, Rauf Aregbesola; Minister of Mines and Steel Development, Arch. Olamilekan Adegbite; Minister of Police Affairs, Maigari Dingyadi; and Minister of State, Industry, Trade and Investment, Amb. Mariam Katagum.
Also on the trip are: National Security Adviser, Maj. Gen. Babagana Monguno (retd); Director-General, National Intelligence Agency, Amb. Ahmed Rufai Abubakar; and Chairman/CEO Nigeria Diaspora Commission, Hon. Abike Dabiri-Erewa.
The President will return to Abuja on Friday.


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January in Arizona can only mean one thing! It is classic car auction time. Between all the car auctions being held in January, if you want a specific car this is the place to find it. And if you want to sell your car, this is the spot that will have the most buyers available. Most sites are held in impromptu tents on large pieces of vacant land. In six days, six auction houses will descend on the Valley of the Sun and offer a collective SEVENTEEN days worth of auctions. Surely a busy week for every car aficionado.
Craig Jackson's dad was one of the pioneers in the classic car auctions and once again over 1300 cars will be sold over six days, January 14-19,2014. The auction takes advantage of permanent buildings at Westworld in Scottsdale, AZ and will have live coverage on three networks, after SPEED dropped off the cable scene. So the auction can be seen on Fox Sports1, Fox Business and National Geographic channels. Remember when the TV turns on, the prices go up! The funny cars and trailers from Don Prudhome and Tom McEwen recently popularized by the movie "$nake and Mongoose" will be for sale.
Most of the cars are sold with no reserve, except for a select few offered for sale on Saturday during prime time
Russo and Steele
This auction run be Drew Alcazar starts up on January 16th and runs through Sunday the 19th in North Scottsdale. Russo and Steele was the site of a horrendous storm where plenty of classics were damaged by uprooted tents a few years back, but Drew has persevered and offers a great event.
Gooding and Company
This British sounding group based in Santa Monica, CA will be having two days of sales on the 17th and 18th of January at the Scottsdale Fashion Center shopping mall. Last year they hit the fences with the highest selling car, a 1958 Ferrari California Spyder, which sold for $8,250,000.
This auction is a one day affair on Wednesday January 16th at the Westin Kierland resort in Scottsdale. It is interesting that they want to have their slots over with before the heavy weekend of car sales.
Silver Auction
Mitch Silver runs a low-key, unpretentious auction on the Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation and they are known for good cars at fair prices. They will be set up for Friday-Saturday the 17th and 18th as well, and expect 400 cars.
RM Auction
This site sneaks in for a quick two day sale on the 16th and 17th, again avoiding the hectic frenzy of a Saturday auction, while being held in the venerable Biltmore Resort in central Phoenix.
Automobilia Scottsdale
First time entrant offering strictly automobilia from various dealers will be held for two days January 16-17 at the Fort McDowell Radisson Resort, the same site as the Silver Auction. This is similar to the automobilia scene at Monterrey in August. It'll be interesting how this fares as most car auctions have some car themed pieces to sell before the cars run through.
Follow along on this site or on our twitter feed for daily updates


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getipsecalgbyname(3nsl) [posix man page]
getipsecalgbyname(3NSL) Networking Services Library Functions getipsecalgbyname(3NSL) NAME
getipsecalgbyname, getipsecalgbynum, freeipsecalgent - query algorithm mapping entries SYNOPSIS
cc -flag ... file ...-lnsl [-library ...] #include <netdb.h> struct ipsecalgent *getipsecalgbyname(const char *alg_name, int protocol_num, int *errnop); struct ipsecalgent *getipsecalgbynum(int alg_num, int protocol_num, int *errnop); void freeipsecalgent(struct ipsecalgent *ptr); DESCRIPTION
Use the getipsecalgbyname(), getipsecalgbynum(), freeipsecalgent() functions to obtain the IPsec algorithm mappings that are defined by ipsecalgs(1M). The IPsec algorithms and associated protocol name spaces are defined by RFC 2407. getipsecalgbyname() and getipsecalgbynum() return a structure that describes the algorithm entry found. This structure is described in the RETURN VALUES section below. freeipsecalgent() must be used by the caller to free the structures returned by getipsecalgbyname() and getipsecalgbynum() when they are no longer needed. Both getipsecalgbyname() and getipsecalgbynum() take as parameter the protocol identifier in which the algorithm is defined. See getipsecprotobyname(3NSL) and getipsecprotobynum(3NSL). The following protocol numbers are pre-defined: IPSEC_PROTO_ESP Defines the encryption algorithms (transforms) that can be used by IPsec to provide data confidentiality. IPSEC_PROTO_AH Defines the authentication algorithms (transforms) that can be used by IPsec to provide authentication. getipsecalgbyname() looks up the algorithm by its name, while getipsecalgbynum() looks up the algorithm by its assigned number. PARAMETERS
errnop A pointer to an integer used to return an error status value on certain error conditions. See ERRORS. RETURN VALUES
The getipsecalgbyname() and getipsecalgbynum() functions return a pointer to the structure ipsecalgent_t, defined in <netdb.h>. If the requested algorithm cannot be found, these functions return NULL. The structure ipsecalgent_t is defined as follows: typedef struct ipsecalgent { char **a_names; /* algorithm names */ int a_proto_num; /* protocol number */ int a_alg_num; /* algorithm number */ char *a_mech_name; /* mechanism name */ int *a_block_sizes; /* supported block sizes */ int *a_key_sizes; /* supported key sizes */ int a_key_increment; /* key size increment */ } ipsecalgent_t; If a_key_increment is non-zero, a_key_sizes[0] contains the default key size for the algorithm. a_key_sizes[1] and a_key_sizes[2] specify the smallest and biggest key sizes support by the algorithm, and a_key_increment specifies the valid key size increments in that range. If a_key_increment is zero, the array a_key_sizes contains the set of key sizes, in bits, supported by the algorithm. The last key length in the array is followed by an element of value 0. The first element of this array is used as the default key size for the algorithm. a_name is an array of algorithm names, terminated by an element containing a NULL pointer. a_name[0] is the primary name for the algo- rithm. a_proto_num is the protocol identifer of this algorithm. a_alg_num is the algorithm number. a_mech_name contains the mechanism name associ- ated with the algorithm. a_block_sizes is an array containing the supported block lengths or MAC lengths, in bytes, supported by the algorithm. The last valid value in the array is followed by an element containing the value 0. ERRORS
When the specified algorithm cannot be returned to the caller, getipsecalgbynam() and getipsecalgbynum() return a value of NULL and set the integer pointed to by the errnop parameter to one of the following values: ENOMEM Not enough memory ENOENT Specified algorithm not found EINVAL Specified protocol number not found ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes: +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+ | ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE | +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+ |Availability |SUNWcsl (32 bit) | +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+ | |SUNWcslx (64 bit) | +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+ |MT Level |MT Safe | +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+ |Interface Stability |Evolving | +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+ SEE ALSO
cryptoadm(1M), ipsecalgs(1M), getipsecprotobyname(3NSL), getipsecprotobynum(3NSL), attributes(5) Piper, D. RFC 2407, The Internet IP Security Domain of Interpretation for ISAKMP. Network Working Group. November, 1998. SunOS 5.10 20 Aug 2003 getipsecalgbyname(3NSL)


text:
- Biscuits
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Thursday Cottage's high spirited strawberry jam with champagne
Sugar, Strawberries, Champagne (3%), Concentrated Lemon Juice, Gelling Agent: Citrus Pectin
Typical values per 100g
Energy 1037kJ / 244kcal,
Fat 0g
of which Saturates 0g
Carbohydrate 61g
of which Sugars 61g
Protein 0g
Salt 0g
Storage info
Store at ambient temperature. Keep in a cool place once opened.
Gluten Free
Jar: Glass - YES
Cap: Metal - YES
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text:
CONFIRMED: Chemical Weapons Assessment Contradicting Official Syria Narrative Is Authentic
OPCW confirms it buried report by its own top expert rubbishing its Empire-friendly "findings"
The Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) has begun responding to queries by the press about a leaked document which contradicts official OPCW findings on an alleged chemical weapons attack last year in Douma, Syria. The prepared statement they've been using in response to these queries confirms the authenticity of the document.
To recap, a few days ago the Working Group on Syria, Propaganda and Media (WGSPM) published a document signed by a man named Ian Henderson, whose name is seen listed in expert leadership positions on OPCW documents from as far back as 1998 and as recently as 2018. It's unknown who leaked the document and what other media organizations they may have tried to send it to.
The report picks apart the extremely shaky physics and narratives of the official OPCW analysis on the gas cylinders allegedly dropped from Syrian government aircraft in the Douma attack, and concludes that "The dimensions, characteristics and appearance of the cylinders, and the surrounding scene of the incidents, were inconsistent with what would have been expected in the case of either cylinder being delivered from an aircraft," saying instead that manual placement of the cylinders in the locations investigators found them in is "the only plausible explanation for observations at the scene."
To be clear, this means that according to the assessment signed by an OPCW-trained expert, the cylinders alleged to have dispensed poison gas which killed dozens of people in Douma did not arrive in the locations that they were alleged to have arrived at via aircraft dropped by the Syrian government, but via manual placement by people on the ground, where photographs were then taken and circulated around the world as evidence against the Syrian government which was used to justify air strikes by the US, UK and France.
There were swift military consequences meted out on what appears now to be a lie. At the time, the people on the ground were the Al Qaeda-linked Jaysh Al-Islam, who had at that point nothing to lose and everything to gain by staging a false flag attack in a last-ditch attempt to get NATO powers to function as their air force, since they'd already effectively lost the battle against the Syrian government.
Leaked Document Pokes More Holes In Establishment Syria Narrative
"If you still believe at this point that the Syrian government dropped poison gas on #Douma last year, then I've got some Iraqi WMDs to sell you."#Syriahttps://t.co/hFIbBF0J9x
— Caitlin Johnstone ⏳ (@caitoz) May 14, 2019
We now have confirmation that, for whatever the reason may be, this assessment was hidden from the public by the OPCW.
British journalists Peter Hitchens and Brian Whitaker have both published matching statements from the OPCW on this report. Hitchens has been an outspoken critic of the establishment Syria narrative; Whittaker has been a virulent promulgator of it.
The statement begins as a very mundane and obvious assertion that it takes information from numerous sources and then publishes its conclusions, but concludes with an admission that it is "conducting an internal investigation about the unauthorised release of the document in question." This constitutes an admission that the document is authentic.
Here is the text of the statement in full; the portion I'm drawing attention to is in the second-to-last paragraph:
The OPCW establishes facts surrounding allegations of the use of toxic chemicals for hostile purposes in the Syrian Arab Republic through the Fact-Finding Mission (FFM), which was set up in 2014.
The OPCW Technical Secretariat reaffirms that the FFM complies with established methodologies and practices to ensure the integrity of its findings. The FFM takes into account all available, relevant, and reliable information and analysis within the scope of its mandate to determine its findings.
Per standard practice, the FFM draws expertise from different divisions across the Technical Secretariat as needed. All information was taken into account, deliberated, and weighed when formulating the final report regarding the incident in Douma, Syrian Arab Republic, on 7 April 2018. On 1 March 2019, the OPCW issued its final report on this incident, signed by the Director-General.
Per OPCW rules and regulations, and in order to ensure the privacy, safety, and security of personnel, the OPCW does not provide information about individual staff members of the Technical Secretariat
Pursuant to its established policies and practices, the OPCW Technical Secretariat is conducting an internal investigation about the unauthorised release of the document in question.
At this time, there is no further public information on this matter and the OPCW is unable to accommodate requests for interviews.
This should be a major news headline all around the world, but of course it is not. As of this writing the mass media have remained deathly silent about the document despite its enormous relevance to an international headline story last year which occupied many days of air time.
It not only debunks a major news story that had military consequences, it casts doubt on a most esteemed international independent investigative body and undermines the fundamental assumptions behind many years of western reporting in the area.
People get lazy about letting the media tell them what's important and they assume if it's not in the news, it's not a big deal. This is a big deal, this is a major story and it is going unreported, which makes the media's silence a part of the story as well.
Also conspicuously absent from discussion has been the war propaganda firm Bellingcat, which is usually the first to put the most establishment-friendly spin possible on any development in this area. If Eliot Higgins can't even work out how to polish this turd, you know it's a steamer.
As near as I can tell the kindest possible interpretation of these revelations is that an expert who has worked with the OPCW for decades gave an engineering assessment which directly contradicted the official findings of the OPCW on Douma, but OPCW officials didn't find his assessment convincing for whatever reason and hid every trace of it from public view.
That's the least sinister possibility: that a sharp dissent from a distinguished expert within the OPCW's own investigation was completely hidden from the public because the people calling the shots at the OPCW didn't want to confuse us with a perspective they didn't find credible.
This most charitable interpretation possible is damningly unacceptable by itself, because the public should obviously be kept informed of any possible evidence which may contradict the reasons they were fed to justify an act of war by powerful governments.
And there are many far less charitable interpretations. It is not in the slightest bit unreasonable to speculate that the ostensibly independent OPCW in fact serves the interests of the US-centralized power alliance, and that it suppressed the Henderson report because it pokes holes in the narratives that are used to demonize a longtime target for imperialist regime change. That is a perfectly reasonable possibility for us to wonder about, and the onus is now on the OPCW to prove to us that it is not the case.
Either way, the fact that the OPCW kept Henderson's findings from receiving not a whisper of attention severely undermines the organization's credibility, not just with regard to Douma but with regard to everything, including the establishment Syria narrative as a whole and the Skripal case in the UK. Everything the OPCW has ever concluded about alleged chemical usage around the world is now subject to very legitimate skepticism.
"The leaked OPCW engineers' assessment is confirmed as genuine, which means the final report actively concealed evidence that the Douma chemical attack was staged by jihadists and the White Helmets," tweeted British journalist Jonathan Cook. "The OPCW's other Syria reports must now be treated as worthless too."
In light of the new evidence from an OPCW engineers report, leaked to 'Working Group on Syria, Propaganda and Media', previously suppressed by the OPCW themselves, about the alleged chemical in Douma…
Full statement and video here: https://t.co/iq8CndKDTW@Freedland @guardian pic.twitter.com/2axORGBk3c
— Roger Waters (@rogerwaters) May 16, 2019
When I first reported on the Henderson document the other day, I received a fair criticism from a Medium user that I was actually far too charitable in my reporting on just how thoroughly the official Douma narrative was rejected.
"This article doesn't really express just how damning the report actually is," the user said. "It's much more than just on balance their observations are inconsistent with the cylinders being dropped from aircraft. Just about everything about the official narrative is shown to be plain impossible, from the angles of the broken rebar in the roof, through the damage to the gas cylinders, to the pile of fins on the balcony that couldn't have been attached to the cylinder, and more. There's simply no way they were dropped from helicopters."
I strongly encourage readers to check out the 15-page document for themselves to understand its claims and make up their own minds, and then sit a bit to really digest the possible implications. We may have just discovered a major piece of the puzzle explaining how seemingly independent international organizations help deceive us into consenting to wars and regime change interventionism around the world.
The narrative that Syrian president Bashar al-Assad is a monster who gasses his own people has been used to justify western interventionism in that nation which has included arming actual terrorist groups, enabling them to leave a trail of blood and chaos across Syria, as well as an illegal occupation of Syrian land and sanctions against the Syrian economy.
This narrative is being used currently to maintain support for continuing to uphold the crippling sanctions that are making life hell for the average Syrian, today. This is not in the past, this is happening now, and there is no telling when these siege efforts towards regime change will be ramped up further into more overt forms of military action. The violence, displacement and economic hardship that is being inflicted upon the Syrian people by this interventionism is causing incalculably immense suffering, and it is all made possible by false narratives sold to the public.
Remember, they wouldn't work so hard to manufacture your consent if they didn't require that consent. So don't give it to them. The first step to ending the suffering caused by western interventionism is to help free public consciousness from the incredibly complex and well-oiled propaganda machine which manufactures the consent of the governed for unconscionable acts of violence and devastation. Wake people up to what's going on so we can all cease consenting.
Source: Medium.com


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Imagine that we place several points on the circumference of a circle and connect every point with each other. This divides the circle into many different regions, and we can count the number of regions in each case. The diagrams below show how many regions there are for several different numbers of points on the circumference. We have to make sure that only two lines meet at every intersection inside the circle, not three or more.
1 region | 2 regions | 4 regions | 8 regions | 16 regions |
We can immediately see a pattern: the number of regions is always twice the previous one, so that we get the sequence 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, … This means that with 6 points on the circumference there would be 32 regions, and with 7 points there would be 64 regions.
We might decide that we are happy with this result. The number of regions is always twice the previous one – after all this worked for the first five cases. Or we might decide that we should check a few more, just to be safe:
31 regions, not 32 | 57 regions, not 64 |
Unfortunately something went wrong: 31 might look like a counting mistake, but 57 is much less than 64. The sequence continues 99, 163, 256, …, very different from what we would get when doubling the previous number.
This example illustrates why, in mathematics, you can't just say that an observation is always true just because it works in a few cases you have tested. Instead you have to come up with a rigorous logical argument that leads from results you already know, to something new which you want to show to be true. Such an argument is called a proof.
Proofs are what make mathematics different from all other sciences, because once we have proven something we are absolutely certain that it is and will always be true. It is not just a theory that fits our observations and may be replaced by a better theory in the future.
In the above example, we could count the number of intersections in the inside of the circle. Thinking carefully about the relationship between the number of intersections, lines and regions will eventually lead us to a different equation for the number of regions when there are x = V.Axi points on the circle:
Number of regions = x4 – 6 x3 + 23 x2 – 18 x + 2424 = (Math.pow(V.Axi,4) - 6*Math.pow(V.Axi,3) + 23*Math.pow(V.Axi,2) - 18*V.Axi + 24)/24.
This equation works in all the cases above. We could now try to prove it for every value of x using "induction", a technique explained below.
Traditionally, the end of a proof is indicated using a ■ or □, or by writing QED or "quod erat demonstrandum", which is Latin for "what had to be shown".
A result or observation that we think is true is called a Hypothesis or Conjecture. Once we have proven it, we call it a Theorem. Once we have proven a theorem, we can use it to prove other, more complicated results – thus building up a growing network of mathematical theorems.
One interesting question is where to start from. How do you prove the first theorem, if you don't know anything yet? Unfortunately you can't prove something using nothing. You need at least a few building blocks to start with, and these are called Axioms.
Mathematicians assume that axioms are true without being able to prove them. However this is not as problematic as it may seem, because axioms are either definitions or clearly obvious, and there are only very few axioms. For example, an axiom could be that a + b = b + a for any two numbers a and b.
Axioms are important to get right, because all of mathematics rests on them. If there are too few axioms, you can prove very little and mathematics would not be very interesting. If there are too many axioms, you can prove almost anything, and mathematics would also not be interesting. You also can't have axioms contradicting each other.
Mathematics is not about choosing the right set of axioms, but about developing a framework from these starting points. If you start with different axioms, you will get a different kind of mathematics, but the logical arguments will be the same. Every area of mathematics has its own set of basic axioms.
When mathematicians have proven a theorem, they publish it for other mathematicians to check. Sometimes they find a mistake in the logical argument, and sometimes a mistake is not found until many years later. However, in principle, it is always possible to break a proof down into the basic axioms.
Set Theory and the Axiom of Choice
To formulate proofs it is sometimes necessary to go back to the very foundation of the language in which mathematics is written: set theory.
A set is a collection of objects, such a numbers. The elements of a set are usually written in curly brackets. We can find the union of two sets (the set of elements which are in either set) or we can find the intersection of two sets (the set of elements which are in both sets).
Many mathematical problems can be formulated in the language of set theory, and to prove them we need set theory axioms. Over time, mathematicians have used various different collections of axioms, the most widely accepted being nine Zermelo-Fraenkel (ZF) axioms:
If two sets have the same elements, then they are equal.
We can form a subset of a set, which consists of some elements.
There is a set with no members, written as {} or ∅.
Given two objects x and y we can form a set {x, y}.
We can form the union of two or more sets.
Given any set, we can form the set of all subsets (the power set).
There is a set with infinitely many elements.
Sets are built up from simpler sets, meaning that every (non-empty) set has a minimal member.
If we apply a function to every element in a set, the answer is still a set.
If you think about set theory, most of these axioms will seem completely obvious – and this is what axioms are supposed to be. However there is a tenth axiom which is rather more problematic:
Given infinitely many non-empty sets, you can choose one element from each of these sets.
On first sight, the Axiom of Choice (AC) looks just as innocent as the others above. However the use of infinity has a number of unexpected consequences. For example, you can use AC to prove that it is possible to cut a sphere into five pieces and reassemble them to make two spheres, each identical to the initial sphere. This is only a theoretical concept – the required cuts are fractal, which means they can't actually exist in real life, and some of the pieces are "non-measurable" which means that they don't have a volume defined. But the fact that the Axiom of Choice can be used to construct these impossible cuts is quite concerning.
There is a passionate debate among logicians, whether to accept the axiom of choice or not. Every collection of axioms forms a small "mathematical world", and different theorems may be true in different worlds. It is really just a question of whether you are happy to live in a world where you can make two spheres from one…
Proof by Induction
Proof by Induction is a technique which can be used to prove that a certain statement is true for all natural numbers 1, 2, 3, … The "statement" is usually an equation or formula which includes a variable n which could be any natural number. Let us denote the statement applied to n by S(n). Here are the four steps of mathematical induction:
- First we prove that S(1) is true, i.e. that the statement S is true for 1.
- Now we assume that S(k) is true, i.e. that the statement S is true for some natural number k.
- Using this assumption, we try to deduce that S(k + 1) is also true. Thus whenever S is true for one number it is also true for the next number.
- Since we know S(1) is true, S(2) must be true. And therefore S(3) must be true. And therefore S(4) must be true. And so on: S must be true for all numbers.
Induction can be compared to falling dominoes: whenever one domino falls, the next one also falls. The first step, proving that S(1) is true, starts the infinite chain reaction.
The first step is often overlooked, because it is so simple. In fact it is very important and the entire induction chain depends on it – as some of the following examples will show…
The objective of the Towers of Hanoi game is to move a number of disks from one peg to another one. You are only allowed to move one disk at a time, and you are not allowed to put a larger disk on top of a smaller one. Try to move the tower of disks from the first peg to the last peg, with as few moves as possible:
Number of Disks: 0
Moves:Once we have understood the rules of the game, we can try to find the least number of steps necessary, given any number of disks. Playing with the game above might lead us to observe that, with n disks, you need at least 2n – 1 steps. Let us call this statement S(n).
S(1) is clearly true since, with just one disk, you only need one move, and 21 – 1 = 1.
Now let us assume that S(k) is true, i.e. that you need 2k – 1 steps for k disks. Then if we have k + 1 disks:
In total we need (2k – 1) + 1 + (2k – 1) = 2(k+1) – 1 steps. This means that S(k + 1) is also true.
By mathematical induction, S(n) is true for all values of n, which means that the most efficient way to move n = V.Hanoi disks takes 2n – 1 = Math.pow(2,V.Hanoi)-1 moves. ■
Let us use induction to prove that the sum of the first n natural numbers is n (n + 1)2. We first check the equation for small values of n:
1 = 1 (1 + 1)2.
1 + 2 = 2 (2 + 1)2 = 3.
Next, we assume that the result is true for k, i.e. that 1 + 2 + … + k = k (k + 1)2, where k is some number we don't specify. Now
1 + 2 + … + k + (k + 1) = k (k + 1)2 + (k + 1) = (k + 1) (k + 2)2 = (k + 1) [(k + 1) + 1]2.
We have just proven that if the equation is true for some k, then it is also true for k + 1. By mathematical induction, the equation is true for all values of n. ■
There is another clever way to prove the equation above, which doesn't use induction. Allegedly, Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777 – 1855), one of the greatest mathematicians in history, discovered this method in primary school, when his teacher asked him to add up all integers from 1 to 100.
Using induction, we want to prove that all human beings have the same hair colour. Let S(n) be the statement that "any group of n human beings has the same hair colour".
Clearly S(1) is true: in any group of just one, everybody has the same hair colour.
Now assume S(k), that in any group of k everybody has the same hair colour. If we replace any one in the group with someone else, they still make a total of k and hence have the same hair colour. This works for any initial group of people, meaning that any group of k + 1 also has the same hair colour. Therefore S(k + 1) is true.
By mathematical induction, all human beings have the same hair colour! ■
Clearly something must have gone wrong in the proof above – after all, not everybody has the same hair colour. Can you find the mistake?
Some theorems can't quite be proved using induction – we have to use a slightly modified version called Strong Induction. Instead of assuming S(k) to prove S(k + 1), we assume all of S(1), S(2), … S(k) to prove S(k + 1). Everything that can be proved using (weak) induction can clearly also be proved using strong induction, but not vice versa.
The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic states that every integer greater than 1 is either a prime number, or it can be written as the product of prime numbers in an essentially unique way.
We can prove parts of it using strong induction: let S(n) be the statement that "the integer n is a prime or can be written as the product of prime numbers". S(1) is an exception, but S(2) is clearly true because 2 is a prime number.
Now let us assume that S(1), S(2), …, S(k) are all true, for some integer k. We know that k + 1 is either a prime number or has factors less than k + 1. By our assumption, we know that these factors can be written as the product of prime numbers. Therefore, unless it is prime, k + 1 can also be written as a product of prime numbers. This means that S(k + 1) is true.
By strong induction, S(n) is true for all numbers n greater than 1. ■
To prove that this prime factorisation is unique (unless you count different orderings of the factors) needs more work, but is not particularly hard.
It turns out that the principle of weak induction and the principle of strong induction are equivalent: each implies the other one. They are also both equivalent to a third theorem, the Well-Ordering Principle: any (non-empty) set of natural numbers has a minimal element, smaller than all the others.
The well-ordering principle is the defining characteristic of the natural numbers. It is one of the basic axioms used to define the natural numbers = {1, 2, 3, …}. These axioms are called the Peano Axioms, named after the Italian mathematician Guiseppe Peano (1858 – 1932).
Proof by Contradiction
Proof by Contradiction is another important proof technique. If we want to prove a statement S, we assume that S wasn't true. Using this assumption we try to deduce a false result, such as 0 = 1. If all our steps were correct and the result is false, our initial assumption must have been wrong. Our initial assumption was that S isn't true, which means that S actually is true.
This technique can be used in many different circumstances, such as proving that √2 is irrational, proving that the real numbers are uncountable, or proving that there are infinitely many prime numbers.
Here is another fun example:
We can use proof by contradiction, together with the well-ordering principle, to prove the all natural numbers are "interesting".
Suppose that not all natural numbers are interesting, and let S be the set of non-interesting numbers. By the well ordering principle, S has a smallest member x which is the smallest non-interesting number. This curious property clearly makes x a particularly interesting number. This is a contradiction because we assumed that x was non-interesting.
Therefore all numbers are interesting. ■
Gödel and Unprovable Theorems
In the early 20th century, mathematics started to grow rapidly, with thousands of mathematicians working in countless new areas. David Hilbert (1862 – 1943) set up an extensive program to formalise mathematics and to resolve any inconsistencies in the foundations of mathematics. This included proving all theorems using a set of simple and universal axioms, proving that this set of axioms is consistent, and proving that this set of axioms is complete, i.e. that any mathematical statement can be proved or disproved using the axioms.
Unfortunately, these plans were destroyed by Kurt Gödel in 1931. He proved that in any (sufficiently complex) mathematical system with a certain set of axioms, you can find some statements which can neither be proved nor disproved using those axioms. It is also not possible to prove that a certain set of axioms is consistent, using nothing but the axioms itself.
Gödel's discovery is based on the fact that a set of axioms can't be used to say anything about itself, such as whether it is consistent. Problems with self-reference can not only be found in mathematics but also in language. Here is the Liar Paradox:
"This sentence is false."
The sentence above tries to say something about itself. If it is true then the sentence tells us that it is false. If it is false, then the sentence tells us that it is not false, i.e. that it is true. In effect, the sentence is neither true nor false.
When first published, Gödel's theorems were deeply troubling to many mathematicians. When setting out to prove an observation, you don't know whether a proof exists – the result might be true but unprovable. Today we know that incompleteness is a fundamental part of not only logic but also computer science, which relies on machines performing logical operations.
Surprisingly, it is possible to prove that certain statements are unprovable. One example is the Continuum Hypothesis, which is about the size of infinite sets.
Towards the end of his life, Kurt Gödel developed severe mental problems and he died of self-starvation in 1978. His insights into the foundations of logic were the most profound ones since the development of proof by the ancient Greeks.


text:
SSI SCHAEFER Maintenance Philosophy (SMP) is an enhanced methodology for SSI SCHAEFER Resident Maintenance, ensuring that we provide "More than just a Service" to our customers.
SSI Resident Maintenance® team
Engineering and maintenance best practice processes
Integrated service tools and systems
Support all of the system (business) requirements
Exceedance of legal requirements in regards to health and safety
Provision of planned, preventive and predictive maintenance to our customer systems
SSI SCHAEFER is your specialist and becomes your trusted partner, which enables you to concentrate on your core business.
Our team leads you through the process of maintaining your system throughout its life cycle.
Our services are efficient and cost-effective because we provide them from one source.
Our proactive approach to support helps you improve the service provided to your customers, which maximizes the Return on Investment (ROI).
We are able to provide agreed performance levels where required.
We use a no surprises approach to reduce risks and outgoings and limit unexpected need for technical resources.
To ensure that our philosophy provides "More than just a Service" to each customer, we follow a process in three steps:
Phase 1 - Service Design: Services are tailored to individual business requirements together with you.
Phase 2 - Service Transition: Highly qualified SSI SCHAEFER employees prepare everything for the operation to go live.
Phase 3 - Service Operation: Day-to-day practice of SMP and everything it stands for; We help you to run your systems as efficiently as possible.
SSI SCHAEFER's retrofit services for warehouse modernization upgrade your system to state-of-the-art standards. We update SSI SCHAEFER systems and those from third parties by replacing components, expansions or IT modernizations rapidly and reliably and optimally integrate new material flows.
Modernization of the mechanical, electrical and control systems -> performance enhancements by up to 30%
System retrofits during operation -> minimum operating restrictions
Optimization of organizational and storage processes
Enhanced efficiency and longer service life
"Grow as you go!": the system grows with your business
Green logistics: sustainability through energy savings
As a dedicated business partner, SSI SCHAEFER offers you a comprehensive spare parts service around the clock and from around the world. SSI SCHAEFER's services include processing spare parts orders and deliveries, creating spare parts lists, compiling spare parts packages and spare parts repairs.
Diverse spare parts packages contain both the minimum essential parts for the system availability as well as the spare parts and wearing parts required throughout the entire warranty period
Creation of specifically tailored spare parts packages
Service portal/web shop with system-specific parts documentation (order archive)
Active end-of-life management with suitable alternatives
You can order your spare parts around the clock via the web shop. The spare parts are delivered within a guaranteed time frame and at fixed prices.
Transparent depiction of the entire system structure with reference to the corresponding station
Integration of all sub-systems
Order archiving for recurring orders
Order and delivery tracking


text:
Thirty years ago today, the Chinese Communist Party used military force to suppress a peaceful pro-democracy demonstration by thousands of university students. Hundreds (some estimates go as high as thousands) of innocent protesters were killed. Every year, people around the world come together to mourn and commemorate the fallen; within China, however, things are oddly silent.
The Tiananmen Square protest is one of the most tightly censored topics in China. The Chinese government's network and social media censorship is more than just pervasive; it's sloppy, overbroad, inaccurate, and always errs on the side of more takedowns. Every year, the Chinese government ramps up VPN shutdowns, activist arrests, digital surveillance, and social media censorship in anticipation of the anniversary of the Tiananmen Square protests. This year is no different; and to mark the thirtieth anniversary, the controls have never been tighter.
Keyword filtering on social media and messaging platforms
It's a fact of life for many Chinese that social media and messaging platforms perform silent content takedowns via regular keyword filtering and more recently, image matching. In June 2013, Citizen Lab documented a list of words censored from social media related to the anniversary of the protests, which included words like "today" and "tomorrow."
Since then, researchers at the University of Hong Kong have developed real-time censorship monitoring and transparency projects—"WeiboScope" and "WechatScope"—to document the scope and history of censorship on Weibo and Wechat. A couple of months ago, Dr. Fu King-wa, who works on these transparency projects, released an archive of over 1200 censored Weibo image posts relating to the Tiananmen anniversary since 2012. Net Alert has released a similar archive of historically censored images.
Simultaneous service disruptions for "system maintenance" across social media platforms
This year, there has been a sweep of simultaneous social media shutdowns a week prior to the anniversary, calling back to similar "Internet maintenance" shutdowns that happened during the twentieth anniversary of the Tiananmen Square protests. Five popular video and livestreaming platforms are suspending all comments until June 6th, citing the need for "system upgrades and maintenance." Douban, a Chinese social networking service, is locking some of their larger news groups from any discussion June 29th, also for "system maintenance." And popular messaging service WeChat recently blocked users from changing their status messages, profile pictures, and nicknames for the same reason.
Apple censors music and applications alike
Since 2017, Apple has removed VPNs from its mainland Chinese app store. These application bans have continued and worsened over time. A censorship transparency project by GreatFire, AppleCensorship.com, allows users to look up which applications are available in the US but not in China. Apart from VPNs, the Chinese Apple app store has also censored applications from news organizations, including the New York Times, Radio Free Asia, Tibetan News, Voice of Tibet, and other Chinese-language human rights publications. They have also taken down other censorship circumvention tools like Tor and Psiphon.
Leading up to this year's 30-year Tiananmen anniversary, Apple Music has been removing songs from its Chinese streaming service. A 1990 song by Hong Kong's Jacky Cheung that references Tiananmen Square was removed, as were songs by pro-democracy activists from Hong Kong's Umbrella Movement protest.
Activist accounts caught in Twitter sweep
On May 31st, a slew of China-related Twitter accounts were suspended, including prominent activists, human rights lawyers, journalists, and other dissidents. Activists feared this action was in preparation for further June 4th related censorship. Since then, some of the more prominent accounts have been restored, but many remain suspended. An announcement from Twitter claimed that these accounts weren't reported by Chinese authorities, but were just caught up in a large anti-spam sweep.
The lack of transparency, poor timing, and huge number of false positives on Twitter's part has led to real fear and uncertainty in Chinese-language activism circles.
Beyond Tiananmen Square: Chinese Censorship and Surveillance in 2019
Xinjiang, China's ground zero for pervasive surveillance and social control
Thanks to work by Human Rights Watch, security researchers, and many brave investigators and journalists, a lot has come to light about China's terrifying acceleration of social and digital controls in Xinjiang in the past two years. And the chilling effect is real—as we approach the end of Ramadan, a holiday which is discouraged and banned for Party members and public school students to observe—mosques remain empty. Uighur students and other expatriates abroad fear returning home, as many of their families have already been detained for no cause.
China's extensive reliance on surveillance technology in Xinjiang is a human rights nightmare, and according to the New York Times, "the first known example of a government intentionally using artificial intelligence for racial profiling." Researchers have noticed that more and more computer vision papers coming out of China are specifically trained to build facial recognition for Uighurs.
China has long been a master of security theater, overstating and over-performing its own surveillance capabilities in order to spread a "chilling effect" over digital and social behavior. Something similar is happening here, albeit at a much larger scale than we've ever seen before. Despite the government's claims of fully automated and efficient systems, even the best automated facial recognition systems they use are only accurate in less than 20 percent of cases, leading to mistakes and the need for hundreds of workers to monitor cameras and confirm the results. These smoke-and-mirrors "pseudo-AI" systems are more than common in the AI startup industry. For a lot of "automated" technologies, we just aren't quite there yet.
Resource or technical limitations aren't going to stop the Chinese government. Security spending since 2017 shows that Chinese officials are serious about building a panopticon, no matter the cost. The development of the surveillance apparatus in Xinjiang shows us just how expensive building pervasive surveillance can be; local governments in Xinjiang have accrued hundreds of millions (in USD) of "invisible debt" as they continue to ramp up investment in their surveillance state. A large portion of that cost is labor. "We risk understating the extent to which this high-tech police state continues to require a lot of manpower," says Adrien Zenz for the New York Times.
Client-side blocking of labor movements on Github
996 is a recent labor movement in China by white-collar tech workers who demand regular 40-hour work weeks and the explicit outlaw of the draconian but standard "996" schedule; that is, 9 am to 9 pm, six days a week. The movement, like other labor-organizing movements, has been to subject to keyword censorship on social media platforms, but individuals have been able to continue organizing on Github.
Github itself has remained relatively immune to Chinese censorship efforts. Thanks to widespread deployment of HTTPS, Chinese network operators must either block the entire website or nothing at all. Github was briefly blocked in 2013, but the backlash from developers was too great, and the site was unblocked shortly thereafter. China's tech sector, like the rest of the world, rely on open-source projects hosted on the website. But although Github is no longer censored at the network level, Chinese-built browsers and Wechat's web viewer started blacklisting specific URLs from being accessed, including the 996 Github repository.
Google's sleeping Dragonfly
Late last year, we stood in solidarity with over 70 human rights groups led by Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International, calling on Google to end their secret internal project to architect a censored Chinese search engine codenamed Dragonfly. Google employees wrote their own letter protesting the project, some resigning in protest, demanding transparency at the very least.
In March, some Google employees found that changes were still being committed to the Dragonfly codebase. Google has yet to publicly commit to ending the project, leading many to believe the project could just be on the back burner for now.
How are people fighting back?
Relatively little news gets out of Xinjiang to the rest of the world, and China wants to keep it that way— journalists are denied visas, their relatives are detained, and journalists on the ground are arrested. Any work by groups that help shed light on the situation is extremely valuable. Earlier this year, we wrote about the amazing work by Humans Rights Watch, Amnesty International, other human rights groups, and other independent researchers and journalists in helping uncover the inner workings of China's surveillance state.
Censorship transparency projects like WechatScope, WeiboScope, Tor's OONI, and GreatFire's AppleCensorship, as well as ongoing censorship research by academic centers like The Citizen Lab and organizations like GreatFire continue to shed light on the methods and intentions of broader Chinese censorship efforts.
And of course, we have to take a look at the individuals and activists within and outside China who continue to fight to have their voices heard. Despite the continued rise of crackdowns on VPNs, VPN usage across Chinese web users continues to rise. In the first quarter of 2019, 35% of web users use VPNs, not just for accessing better music and TV shows, but also commonly for accessing blocked social networks, and blocked news sites.
Human rights groups, security researchers, investigators, journalists, and activists on the ground continue to make tremendous sacrifices in fighting for a more free China.


text: Hanan is a Syrian / Lebanese singer who was born JEANETTE HAYEK HAROUNI in 1929. She had a voice deep rooted and fully flavoured of the Levant culture. She didn't sing many songs as she left to spend the rest of her life in the USA. This is one of her best songs written by Shafiq Al Maghrebi and composed by Rafiq Hubaiqa.


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One of the most popular sessions at PC Forum was the Roundtable on User-generated Metadata. Moderated by David Weinberger and Esther Dyson, it engaged the former audience in a conversation. Good thing too, as many of the experts were in the room. You can see from my raw notes that it covered the topic widely.
But the gem was from two comments by JP Rangaswami, CIO of Dresdner Kleinwort Wasserstein. Not just because he is one of my favorite customers, but its a rare insight into tagging in the enterprise:
Using Socialtext in my bank... Two dimensions that work: people tag things for themselves and whatever I am doing, can I do it in a way that makes collaboration easier. All it is doing is making things easier. The thing that got me on tagging was when I went to Ross and he said it was the simplest thing that could work. I will do things with tags to try to help people remember. And I don't want to be committed into a structure.
Going to use tags to solve a problem in my organization. People label things differently in different cultures in the same organization. Today English might be the language, but there are perhaps 300 dialects and the labels are different. Tagging lets structure cross-reference, where patterns emerge. Important for me in a commercial context. To let people in different contexts collaborate, keeping it simple and gaining a high adoption rate. Not pushing or pulling, its a community, which is why I like social software.
I helped provide an intro to tagging alongside Caterina Fake from Flickr and Dave Sifry from Technorati -- making points on relative cost, potential scale and social incentives that drive adoption. But after JP's comments, I knew to shut up and let the customer do the talking.
The other enterprise social software highlight from the show was John Seely Brown and John Hagel finally talking about their forthcoming book:
The notion of productive friction has major implications for IT across multi-tiered process networks. Hagel said the combination of service-oriented architecture (loosely coupled), virtualization and social software (a shared collaborative workspaces like Wikis) is key to developing a work culture that can support productive friction and facilitate conflict resolution, allowing the stakeholders to browse the context to figure out how to "unstuck" an exception (problem).
See Dan Farber's post and the session page on the wiki.


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QR Across the Curriculum Profiles
Many institutions and departments are beginning to address the contextual nature of quantitative reasoning (QR) by adding QR components to courses, departments, degrees and institutional graduation requirements for undergraduates. Adding these requirements means that faculty and departments are now in the position of needing to add QR goals to courses that may have not included QR components previously.
Integrating QR into your course can be a daunting task. You may have the motivation to do it but still need ideas, advice, and suggestions for how to integrate QR in a way that will be meaningful and appropriate for your students.
To that end, a series of interviews were conducted in summer and fall 2013 to generate a collection of profiles of faculty at a wide range of institution types and across a wide range of departments with an emphasis on social sciences. This collection presents information about motivation, goals, assignments, and advice for integrating QR into undergraduate courses in relevant and manageable ways. Read the profiles to find inspiration on how you can incorporate QR into your teaching.
Profile Collection
- Jill Bouma, Sociology, Berea College
- Robert Chaney, Mathematics, Sinclair Community College
- Jack Dougherty, Educational Studies, Trinity College
- Nathan Grawe, Economics, Carleton College
- Paul Gronke, Political Science, Reed College
- Tim Kubal, Sociology, CSU Fresno
- Neil Lutsky, Psychology, Carleton College
- Sara Mitchell, Political Science, University of Iowa
- Daniel Posner Political Science, UCLA
- Lynn Ritchey, Sociology, Blue Ash College
- Kathy Rowell, Sociology, Sinclair Community College
- Mary Savina, Geology, Carleton College
- Charles Stewart III, Political Science, MIT
- Jim Yih-Jin Young, Sociology, Nassau Community College


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Alban, Protomartyr of Britain was the first Christian martyr in Britain. The first mention of St. Alban is by Constantius, in his Life of St Germanus of Auxerre, written about 480. His feast day is June 22.
According to Bede's Ecclesiastical History, I.vii and xviii, Alban was a pagan living at Verulamium (modern day St Albans, England), who converted to Christianity and was executed by beheading on a hill above the Roman settlement of Verulamium. St. Alban's Abbey at St Alban's, Hertfordshire, England was later founded near this site.
The date of the execution is best left to the Venerable Bede: "when the cruel Emperors first published their edicts against the Christians" in other words, sometime prior to Christianity becoming an officially tolerated religion of the Roman Empire under Emperor Constantine in 313, when local Christians were persecuted by the Romans.
Alban sheltered a Christian priest, (Geoffrey of Monmouth's later interpolation gave his name as "Amphibalus," the name for a cloak) in his home and was converted and baptised by him. When the "impious prince" (as Bede has it) sent Roman soldiers to Alban's house to look for the priest, Alban exchanged cloaks with the priest and was arrested in his stead. Alban was taken before the magistrate, where he avowed his new Christian faith and was condemned for it. He was beheaded on the spot where St. Alban's Cathedral now stands.
A cult connected with Alban was already in existence in the 6th century, for Bede quotes a line from one of the Carmina of Venantius Fortunatus, Albanum egregium fæcunda Britannia profert ("Fruitful Britain holy Alban yields").
Bede tells several legends associated with the story of Alban's execution. On his way to the execution, Alban had to cross a river, and finding the bridge full of people, he made the waters part and crossed over on dry land. And the executioner was so impressed with Alban's faith that he also converted to Christianity on the spot, and refused to kill him. Another executioner was quickly found (whose eyes dropped out of his head when he did the deed), and the first was killed after Alban, becoming the second British martyr for Christ.Some details added to St. Alban's tradition come from confusing him with another St. Alban, or Albinus, who was martyred at Mainz.
- In his struggle your holy martyr Alban,
- Gained the crown of life, O Christ our God.
- For strengthened by you and in purity of heart,
- He spoke boldly before the judges of this world,
- Offering up his head to you, the Judge of all!
External links
- St Alban the Protomartyr of Britain (OCA)
- Bede, Ecclesiastical History Book i.vii The story of Saint Alban
- Catholic encyclopedia: St. Alban
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The Edwardians and their food on BBC Four
BBC Four is running a series of program(me)s about the Edwardians, and two of those are about the food of the era. They have already aired but will be repeated several times as most BBC Four shows are. Both are well worth watching for anyone interested in food and history.
Edwardian Supersize Me is the showier of the two. Giles Coren, food critic for The Times, and TV presenter Sue Perkins lived the life of well-off Edwardians for a week, and ate like the Edwardians of the upper-middle class did - in Sue's case while wearing a corset. Their in-house meals were cooked by famed food writer Sophie Grigson, from an Edwardian housekeeping book, and they also ate out frequently since this was the era when restaurant dining became popular in England.
Their meals were something like this:
Breakfast: Meat Meat Meat Eggs Fish Meat Offal Meat - oops time for Lunch! More Meat Meat Fish or Shellfish Cream-or cheese-sauced carb dish Meat Meat Dessert - oops time for Tea! Cake Cake Cake Scones Bread Cake Sugar Cake Cake - oops time for Dinner! Meat Meat Meat Some Jellified Thing Cheese... you get the idea. Here's a menu for lunch, which doesn't show the last course (Friandises):
The amounts eaten were amazing, and all that... MEAT was just really mind boggling. Watching Giles and Sue gorge, suffer, then finally turn almost feral from all the MEAT, was amusing. The frequent belching, farting and occasional throwing up was... well ok, let's forget that part. All in all a fun and pictoresque hour of entertainment. (Giles Coren has written about his experience. )
As entertaining as Edwardian Supersize Me was, I enjoyed The Edwardian Larder even more. It was a more scholary documentary that featured some well known British food brands that had their start in the Edwardian period - Typhoo Tea, Perrier, Cadbury's Milk Chocolate, Marmite and (briefly) Oxo. Unlike the superficial take on similar themes on shows like Unwrapped in the U.S., this showed just how national and even international brands came to be so prevalent. For instance, Perrier, which was a company founded by an Englishman, managed to sell the idea that French mineral water was much superior. They put as much emphasis on the design of the bottle as with anything else. This was also the era when celebrity endorsements became a critical part of marketing - Scott's ill-fated expedition to the South Pole for instance was laden with free food from various companies eager to see their brand associated with such a heroic - and well-publicized - undertaking.
The Marmite segment was fascinating (of course I am somewhat obsessed by yeast spreads anyway). The company was actually started by a Swiss, which makes me wonder if Cenovis or Cenovis-like products existed before Marmite in Switzerland. (On a related note, it's interesting that two of the world's leading dessicated soup base companies are Swiss - Knorr and Maggi.) Marmite is a by-product of making beer, and was originally sold as a soup stock base. What's more, it was marketed to vegetarians as an alternative to beef tea, which was tremendously popular at the time for health reasons. (This explains why invalids in old novels are often fed things like beef tea and jellied veal. I've always wondered about that.) It was also mentioned (in the Supersize Me program) that the suffragette movement was associated with vegetarian restaurants. Marmite and Women's Rights, hand in hand - the mind boggles.
One statement that caught my attention was that national and international brands were able to gain popularity because their product was seen as being of higher quality, 'more pure', and more hygenic than foods prepared locally with no recognizable labels. People liked that the branded, sturdily packaged foods had been barely touched by unknown human hands. Ironically, a hundred years later the pendulum is swinging in the opposite direction; the craze now is for the small local production, the 'homemade', the minimally packaged. The Edwardian era was also when mass food exportation got into full swing - all that beef had to shipped from somewhere (mostly South America and the U.S.). Now everyone is earnestly talking about 'eating local'.
In any case, these are the type of shows I like to bring up to TV naysayers: when used well, the medium of television can delivery something truly enlightening.
Historic food adventures continued in The Supersizers Go
In 2008 the concept of Edwardian Supersize Me was continued, sending Giles and Sue to other historical eras to gorge themselves.
Supersizers Go recaps
- Edwardian Supersize Me, not part of the series, but sort of the pilot that aired in 2007
- Description of the whole series, plus World War II (episode 1)
- Restoration (episode 2)
- Victorian (episode 3)
- 1970s (episode 4)
- Elizabethan (episode 5)
- Regency (episode 6, last in series)
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Re: The Edwardians and their food on BBC Four
I recently viewed season 1 and season 11 of Downton Abbey, and I was curious as to the actual meals that were prepared (and consumed) by the gentry - and I was most surprised to read your account of the volume of food typically eaten. I wondered if in the miniseries, they purposely showed very small amounts of food each person would take for themselves, including the servants down in the kitchen, instead of showing the larger amounts you suggest.
Thank you for any information!
Re: The Edwardians and their food on BBC Four
Are the episodes available to buy or stream online? I blog about the food of Downton Abbey, and like all good cooks am always looking for new recipe ideas. Plus it is great fun to see documentaries where others have as much fun with history and food as I do.