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Strong Enough, an all-new sexy standalone from USA Today Bestselling author Melanie Harlow and David Romanov is coming June 19th!
Strong Enough
by Melanie Harlow & David Romanov
Genre: Contemporary MM Romance
Publication Date: June 19, 2017
I wasn't looking for Derek Wolfe.
I wasn't looking for anybody. All I wanted was to start a new life in America. But when I found myself stranded here with no place to go, he came to my rescue, offering me a place to stay.
He's smart, successful, and sexy as hell—I can barely sleep knowing he's right down the hall. And when the chemistry between us explodes one night with fierce, fiery passion, it's hard to deny there's something real between us.
But he does.
He says he was drunk. He says it was a one-time thing. He says he's not into guys and what we did meant nothing.
He's lying. Because it happened again, and again, and again. And it's better every time.
I know we could be good together, and I want the chance to try, but I'm done hiding. If he's not strong enough to admit the truth, I'll have to be strong enough to walk away.
Figuring I'd had enough booze to blunt his effect on me, I rolled up the sleeves of my black button-down shirt and moved next to him. "I'll help you."
I caught him trying to not to look at my wrists and forearms, and it made me smile. How does it feel to want someone and have to hide it? "You wash, I'll dry?"
"Sounds good."
We worked in silence, shoulder to shoulder, and I found myself increasingly—and disturbingly—pleased at the thought of him being attracted to me and being forced to conceal it. It was fucking horrible of me to take pleasure in his discomfort, but I liked being secretly wanted. Being illicitly desired. Being the object of his covert glances and maybe even his darkest, dirtiest thoughts. I let our arms touch more than necessary, as thrilled by the physical contact as I was by the thought of what it might be doing to him.
For there is no man who does not sin.
My dick started to get hard, clearly unbothered by the whiskey that was breaking down my inhibitions, pushing past all my defenses, and letting my imagination run wild.
What's in that gorgeous head of yours, Maxim? What's behind those cobalt eyes? What would you do to me, if I let you? What would you let me do to you?
"Carolyn is so nice," he said, handing me the last serving dish left to be dried.
What? He was thinking about Carolyn right now? He wasn't supposed to be thinking about Carolyn—I was, goddammit!
But I wasn't. "Yeah."
He turned off the water. Rested his wet hands on the edge of the sink. "I didn't realize you had a girlfriend."
And I heard it in his voice—the slightest edge of jealousy, so faint I might never have noticed it had I not been so hyperaware of everything about him right now. I fucking loved it.
"She's not my girlfriend."
"Oh." Now there was confusion. "I guess I misunderstood."
"She wants to be my girlfriend."
Of course there was silence. Maxim would never ask what the problem was. But I wanted to tell him. I wanted him to know. I wanted to share the impossible longing I felt with one person who might understand it.
"The problem is me."
He was completely still. Before I could stop myself, I covered his right hand with my left. "Sometimes I don't know what I want."
He yanked his hand from beneath mine and we faced each other.
For the first time tonight, I looked him right in the eye. Nothing around us existed for me anymore. I heard only his breath. Smelled only his skin. Saw only his guarded expression.
I had to have him.
Check Out the First THREE Chapters of Strong Enough HERE:
Preorder Now:
Amazon: http://amzn.to/2sfN27l
Amazon UK: https://goo.gl/YwYlrO
iBooks: Strong Enough
Nook: https://goo.gl/nCsAec
Add to GoodReads: https://goo.gl/eU1rwv
About Melanie:
Melanie Harlow writes sexy, emotional romance about strong, stubborn characters who can't help falling in love. She's addicted to bacon, gin martinis, and summer reading on the screened-in porch. If she's not buried in a book or binging on Netflix, you might find her running, putting a bun in someone's hair, or driving to and from the dance studio. She lives outside Detroit with her husband and two daughters. Melanie is the USA Today bestselling author of the HAPPY CRAZY LOVE series, the FRENCHED series, MAN CANDY, AFTER WE FALL, IF YOU WERE MINE, and the sexy historical SPEAK EASY duet, set in the 1920s.Connect with Melanie:
Amazon: http://amzn.to/1NPkYKs
Twitter: @MelanieHarlow2
Website: http://www.melanieharlow.com
Sign up for Melanie's Newsletter: http://www.melanieharlow.com/subscribe/
About David:
For David Romanov, STRONG ENOUGH is to a great extent autobiographical. Born in Russia and raised in Europe, he landed in the United States at the age of 24, where he learned a lot about cultural differences between East and West. David firmly believes in 'The One' and learning through love. When he isn't traveling or educating Melanie in Russian culture, he enjoys books and the company of his husband and dog in Los Angeles.Connect with David:
GoodReads: https://goo.gl/2Bekxz
Amazon: http://amzn.to/2rWkfUO


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subset: commoncrawl


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White Mini Cymbidium Boutonniere
White Mini Cymbidium Boutonniere
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Same Day Delivery is available in select areas, and as allowed by zip code and the delivery date selection calendar.
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Substitution Policy
To guarantee the freshest bouquet possible, we may replace some stems in your arrangement for color or flower variety. While we always do the best to match the picture shown, sometimes different vases may be used. Any substitution made will be similar to the original design and be of equal or greater value.
Floral and Plant Substitutions
For bouquets and plants of one variety, such as roses or orchids, we focus on matching the floral type but may substitute for different colors.
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There's an old saying that insanity is doing the same thing over and over again while expecting different results. This certainly is a good description of Keynesians, who relentlessly push more government spending as some sort of magic potion for the economy – notwithstanding a record of failure.
The latest example if Larry Summers, the former economist for the Obama White House, who says Europeans need to make government bigger.
Here is some of what he writes for today's Washington Post.
European efforts to contain crisis have fallen short. …Much of what is being urged on and in Europe is likely to be not just ineffective but counterproductive to maintaining the monetary union, restoring normal financial conditions and government access to markets, and reestablishing economic growth. The premise of European policymaking is that countries are overindebted and so unable to access markets on reasonable terms, and that the high interest rates associated with excessive debt hurt the financial system and inhibit growth. The strategy is to provide financing while insisting on austerity, in hopes that countries can rein in their excessive spending enough to restore credibility, bring down interest rates and restart economic growth.
The good news is that Summers recognizes that there has been "excessive spending." The bad news is that he uses the wrong definition of austerity.
Many European nations seem to think higher taxes are a sign of fiscal conservatism (see this post by Veronique de Rugy for a good discussion of this confusion). Summers accepts that approach, and says that policy makers should choose a Keynesian policy instead.
Unfortunately, Europe has misdiagnosed its problems in important respects and set the wrong strategic course. …Europe's problem countries are in trouble because the financial crisis underway since 2008 has damaged their financial systems and led to a collapse in growth. High deficits are much more a symptom than a cause of their problems. And treating symptoms rather than underlying causes is usually a good way to make a patient worse. …The right focus for Europe is on growth; in this dimension, increased austerity is a step in the wrong direction.
There's more good news. Summers is right in stating that Europe suffers from low growth. And I agree with him that the European version of austerity – higher taxes – is not a solution.
But, as always, there is a catch. Summers has the wrong approach on how to encourage growth. He wants Keynesian spending, and here is his defense.
Skeptics will rightly wonder how a prescription for more spending by countries that already have trouble borrowing can be correct. The answer lies in the difference between borrowing by individuals and countries. Normally, an individual helps his creditors by borrowing less; but a person who stops borrowing to finance commuting to his job does his creditors no favor. A country's income is determined by spending, so a country that pursues austerity to the point where its economy is driven into a downward spiral does its creditors no favor.
Sounds semi-reasonable. After all, everyone understands that it is important to get to their place of employment. Sometimes you spend money to make money.
But here's the problem. Can anyone name anything in so-called stimulus schemes that actually increase a nation's productive capacity? As we saw with Obama's failed stimulus, lots of money gets distributed, but the main purpose seems to be buying votes and creating dependency.
What about jobs? A miserable failure.
Adding insult to injury, you probably won't be surprised to learn that American taxpayers are supposed to pick up the lion's share of the tab for the new spending in Europe since Summers wants the IMF to be the sugar daddy.
Going forward, the IMF and international community should condition further support not merely on individual countries' actions but on a common European commitment to growth.
This approach is illogical, as explained in this video.
And let's consider the historical record. Nations that have tried this type of "stimulus" have not fared well. Big spending increase under Hoover and Roosevelt failed in the 1930s. Japan tried several Keynesian packages and failed in the 1990s. Bush failed in 2008 and Obama failed in 2009.
Germany did not go with a big program of government spending, and they did better than the United States. The same is true about Canada. But the real success story is the Baltic nations. They imposed real spending restraint, not the fake austerity found in places such as the United Kingdom.
And even though it caused some short-term pain since there's a short-term cost when labor and capital get redeployed to more productive uses, the Baltic nations are now in much better shape that the European nations that have floundered because they limited themselves to the no-win choice of Keynesianism and tax hikes.


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Undergraduate Program InformationAbout the Undergraduate Programs Undergraduate ProgramsThe School of Informatics offers a Bachelor of Science in Informatics, a Bachelor of Science in Health Information Administration, a Bachelor of Science in Media Arts and Science, and an Associate of Science in Media Arts and Technology. The very nature of these degrees, with the changing technologies and applications, requires that the content of each degree be continuously assessed and revised. Therefore, the faculty of the School of Informatics will periodically review and revise the curricula to ensure that students are prepared to meet contemporary workplace and intellectual demands. Please contact the Informatics Student Services office, or refer to our Web site at www.informatics.indiana.edu, www.informatics.iupui.edu, or newmedia.iupui.edu to confirm current program requirements. AdmissionAdmission to the School of Informatics, IUB Admission to the School of Informatics, IUBStudents wishing to major in informatics must be admitted to Indiana University and first enter the University Division at IUB. Freshmen should begin to satisfy specific degree requirements in the first year. Undergraduates who wish to be admitted to the School of Informatics must first satisfy the following requirements:
Admission to the School of Informatics, IUPUIAfter students have been admitted by the Enrollment Center at IUPUI, the specific school in which they intend to pursue a degree also must admit them. The School of Informatics welcomes nontraditional students and students entering directly from high school if they wish to pursue an informatics degree and meet the school's requirements for admission. Students who have not yet determined their major area of study or who plan to eventually enroll in a professional school may seek admission through the University College. Students who are contemplating degrees in professional areas can benefit from the advice and counsel of informatics faculty at the outset of their academic careers. The School of Informatics office works individually with undecided students and draws on the expert counsel of IUPUI's Career and Employment Office. The School of Informatics maintains close contact with the University College. Admission to the New Media Program, IUPUIAll students entering the School of Informatics' New Media Program must be admitted officially to the university by the Enrollment Center either at IUPUI or enrolled at another Indiana University campus as a degree-seeking student. After students have been admitted to IUPUI, the specific school in which they intend to pursue a degree must also admit them. The New Media Program welcomes nontraditional students and students entering directly from high school if they wish to pursue a new media degree and meet the school's requirements for admission. Freshman Freshman High school students should file applications early in their senior year. Students who have been out of high school for two or more years need not provide SAT or ACT scores. Citizens of other countries and recent immigrants should ask the Enrollment Center for the International Application for Admission. With all applications for admission, a nonrefundable fee is required. Checks should be payable to IUPUI. Admission to IUPUI is usually open throughout the year; however, students who are not admitted and have not taken the placement test in time to receive counseling may not be able to register until a later semester. Therefore, applicants are encouraged to complete their applications and testing as soon as possible. Counseling is available. Direct all questions about admissions to: Enrollment Center Return to Admission to the New Media Program Adult Students Return to Admission to the New Media Program Visiting Students Return to Admission to the New Media Program Students with Disabilities Return to Admission to the New Media Program Undecided Students Students who are contemplating advanced degrees in professional areas can benefit from the advice and counsel of new media faculty at the outset of their academic careers. The Student Services Office works individually with undecided students and draws on the expert counsel of IUPUI's Career Center. Moreover, undecided students can take advantage of peer counseling; well-qualified, successful undergraduates in new media are available to share their perspectives on a more informal and immediate basis. The New Media Program maintains close contact with University College, and undecided students can take advantage of the services and expertise of both units regardless of their formal admission to one unit or the other. Return to Admission to the New Media Program Direct Admission to New Media Undecided students are advised through the New Media Program Office or University College, which works with students individually to select courses and, eventually, majors. To be eligible for direct admission, applicants must meet the general university and campus requirements. Additionally, freshmen must have a combined SAT I (or equivalent) test score of 800. Applicants who have been out of high school two or more years are not required to submit test scores, although the standardized tests are highly recommended. Evaluation of students who request admission without presenting test scores will be made on an individual basis. Applicants who do not qualify for direct admission may be considered for probationary admission to the University College. Students who qualify for probationary admission according to campus guidelines may be admitted directly to the New Media Program on a probationary status according to the procedures described in the following section. Return to Admission to the New Media Program Probationary Admission to New Media
At the discretion of the dean, the New Media Program may admit on a probationary basis those students who do not meet the minimum requirements for direct admission. To be considered for probationary admission, students must be in the upper two-thirds of their high school graduating class and have combined SAT I scores of at least 650. Such students are counseled through the Student Services Office and remain on probation until they have successfully raised their cumulative grade point average to 2.0 (C) and satisfied any other limitations set. Students admitted on probationary status become eligible for dismissal if they fail to achieve a minimum GPA of 2.3 during each semester until they have reached a minimum cumulative GPA of 2.0 (C). Students who do not achieve a cumulative grade point average of 2.0 (C) after two semesters, or 24 credit hours, will be dismissed. Return to Admission to the New Media Program Application Materials and DeadlinesApplication materials and additional information are available from:
International students should request the International Application for Admission from:
Students also may contact the School of Informatics for additional information:
Priority Dates for Application for Admission to Indiana University Bloomington
Priority Dates for Application for Admission to Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis
Program Planning and CounselingThe School of Informatics and New Media Program provides counseling services to assist students in planning their study. Students who have chosen a major are assigned an advisor and should make an appointment with that advisor prior to each registration period to discuss long-term goals as well as specific course work for the upcoming semester. Consulting an advisor is a semester-by-semester obligation of students to ensure ongoing progress toward a degree. Students, however, are responsible for their progress. They should be thoroughly familiar with the general requirements for an informatics degree or a new media degree. Students are urged to complete most of their general education requirements during the freshman and sophomore years. In planning a program, students should refer to both the Schedule of Classes and this bulletin. Special attention should be paid to course descriptions and prerequisites. This bulletin identifies prerequisites with a "P"; corequisites with a "C"; and recommended courses with an "R". Students should not enroll in courses for which they do not have the prerequisites. Instructors may require a student to drop a class if the student has not fulfilled the prerequisites. Transfer StudentsTransfers from Other Undergraduate Schools on the IUB Campus Transfers from Other Undergraduate Schools on the IUPUI Campus Transfers within the School of Informatics on the IUB and IUPUI Campuses Transfers from Other Indiana University Campuses Transfers from Other Colleges and Universities to IUB The Office of Admissions at IUB will determine acceptance of credit from other institutions. The dean of the School of Informatics will determine the applicability of credit toward degree requirements. Please consult "Undergraduate Admissions Policy" in the Indiana University General Policy and Fee Information section of this bulletin for more information about transfers from other colleges and universities. Transfers from other College and Universities to IUPUI The Enrollment Center at IUPUI will determine acceptance of credit from other institutions. The dean of the School of Informatics, or the New Media Program Office, will determine the applicability of credits toward degree requirements. Please consult "Undergraduate Admissions Policy" in the Indiana University General Policy and Fee Information section of this bulletin for more information about transfers from other colleges and universities. The Enrollment Center at IUPUI will determine acceptance of credit from other institutions. The dean of the School of Informatics, or the New Media Program Office, will determine the applicability of credits toward degree requirements. Please consult "Undergraduate Admissions Policy" in the Indiana University General Policy and Fee Information section of this bulletin for more information about transfers from other colleges and universities. Transfer Credit Rules
Academic RegulationsAbsences AbsencesFrom Final Examinations From Scheduled Classes Return to Academic Regulations Credit for Correspondence CoursesWith prior approval, the School of Informatics will accept a maximum of two courses (6 credit hours total) by correspondence study to count toward the degree requirements. Only General Elective courses may be taken by correspondence. Return to Academic Regulations Degree ApplicationCandidates for graduation must file an application with the school by March 1 for December graduation and October 1 for May, June, or August graduation. Credits for all course work, except that of the current semester, must be recorded on the candidate's Indiana University transcript at least one month prior to the date of graduation. Return to Academic Regulations Statute of LimitationsCandidates for the bachelor's degree in informatics have the right to complete the degree requirements specified by the bulletin in effect at the time they entered Indiana University, provided that the required courses are available and that no more than eight calendar years have elapsed since the date of entry. Return to Academic Regulations Grading PoliciesGrading Policies Return to Academic Regulations Grading Policies
The following grades carry no grade points: I (Incomplete), NC (No Credit), NR (No Report Filed by Instructor), P (Passing), R (Deferred), S (Satisfactory), W (Withdrawal). Grade Point Average Change of Grade Incomplete Courses It is the student's responsibility to contact the instructor to have a grade of Incomplete assigned. The instructor specifies the work to be done to remove the grade of Incomplete and the period of time allowed for completion. If the student fails to remove the Incomplete within one calendar year, the Office of the Registrar will change the grade to an F. The dean (or instructor) authorizes adjustments of this period in exceptional circumstances. A student who has received a grade of Incomplete should not register for the course a second time but should arrange with the instructor to have the grade changed to a letter grade upon completion of requirements, provided that it is done within the year. Pass/Fail Option
R Grade FX Option The School of Informatics will calculate FX grades as grades of F for internal purposes and degree requirements. This calculation will apply to all categories of academic standing (good standing, probation and dismissal), class rank, and all grade point average requirements in the degree, including cumulative, semester, and major concentrations. A student may use the FX option for purposes of the university transcript. An undergraduate student who has repeated a course previously failed may request to have only the second grade in that course counted in the student's grade point average as entered on the student's transcript. A student may exercise this FX option for no more than three courses, totaling no more than 10 credit hours. A student may use the FX option on the transcript only once for a given course. Requests for approval of FX courses should be made in consultation with the student's advisor. Extended-X Option A student may retake a course for which he or she receives a grade below an A during the first 45 hours of coursework. A student may exercise this option for no more than three courses, totaling no more than 10 credit hours. A student may use the Extended X option on the transcript only once for a given course. Only courses attempted during or after the fall 2001 term will be eligible for replacement under the Extended-X policy. Students enrolled at IU prior to fall 2001 may replace courses under the Extended-X policy or under the FX policy. The following grades cannot be replaced under the Extended-X policy: S, P, W, I, R, NC. Withdrawals A grade of W does not affect the overall grade point average. A grade of F will be recorded on the official transcript if a student stops attending but does not officially withdraw from class. Students who alter their schedules, whether at their own initiative or by departmental directive, must follow withdrawal procedures. Students who do not assume this responsibility are jeopardizing their records because they will incur a failing grade in a course not properly dropped and will not receive credit for work done in a course not properly added. IUB Students who are forced to discontinue all studies during the semester (even if enrolled in only one course) and withdraw from the university must contact the Student Advocates Office in Franklin Hall 206 to complete the withdrawal process. At IUB, if a student withdraws after the first week of classes, the courses in which the student was enrolled will be retained on the student's record with a grade of W or F (as appropriate) and a notation of the date of withdrawal. To qualify for a grade of W after the deadline, a student must be passing the course(s) on the date of withdrawal. If the student is failing, the grade on the date of withdrawal will be F. IUPUI Upon notification from the IUPUI registrar's office that a student has accumulated eight (8) or more Ws, the School of Informatics will send a letter of concern to the student, requesting an explanation. This notification will likewise remind students that their record of withdrawals from courses may jeopardize financial aid. Students with 10 Ws may be regarded as not making the "reasonable academic progress" required to maintain eligibility for financial aid, and lack of such progress constitutes grounds for denying further financial aid. Return to Academic Regulations Academic StandingA student is in good academic standing for an Indiana University bachelor's degree when his or her semester grade point average is a minimum of 2.0 (C) for the last semester's course work and when his or her cumulative grade point average is at least 2.0 (C). Students must be in good academic standing to graduate. Class Standing Freshman, fewer than 26 credits Return to Academic Regulations A typical full-time academic load is 12 to 17 credit hours per semester, with the average load being approximately 15 credit hours. Students who expect to carry more than 17 credit hours a semester should have a cumulative grade point average of at least 3.0 (B) and have approval from an academic advisor or dean. Return to Academic Regulations Academic ProbationStudents will be placed on academic probation if their semester grade point average (semester grade index) is below 2.0. After one semester on probation, students who fail to return to good academic standing will be placed on critical probation. At the discretion of the dean, these students can be dismissed. If a student is given the opportunity to enroll under critical probation, the School of Informatics will establish strict conditions that must be met before that student will be allowed to register for future classes. Return to Academic Regulations DismissalStudents can be dismissed if they fail to return to good academic standing after one semester on critical probation. Students may also be dismissed if, in the opinion of the dean, they are not making satisfactory progress toward their degree. Students eligible for dismissal will be notified in writing that they have been dismissed and will be withdrawn from classes for which they have registered. Return to Academic Regulations ReadmissionDismissed students must petition the dean of the School of Informatics for readmission. A Petition for Readmission form must be filed by July 15 for fall, November 15 for spring, and April 15 for summer readmission. A student who has been dismissed for the second time is eligible to return to school only after being out of school for one regular semester and having petitioned successfully. A third dismissal is final. Dismissed students whose petitions are denied will not be allowed to register. Return to Academic Regulations Academic MisconductCheating Plagiarism A faculty member who has evidence that a student is guilty of cheating or plagiarism will initiate the process of determining the student's guilt or innocence. No penalty will be imposed until the student has been informed of the charge and of the evidence on which it is based and has been given an opportunity to present a defense. If the faculty member finds the student guilty, the faculty member assesses a penalty within the course and promptly reports the case in writing to the dean of the school or comparable head of the academic unit. The report should include the names of any other students who may be involved in the incident and recommendations for further action. The dean, in consultation with the faculty member if the latter so desires, will initiate any further disciplinary proceedings and inform the faculty member of any action taken. In every case, a record of the offenses remains on file. For further regulations, please refer to the IU Code of Student Rights, Responsibilities, and Conduct.Return to Academic Regulations Student Grievance ProceduresAll academic personnel (faculty, part-time instructors, and advisors) are expected to conform to the Code of Academic Ethics published in the Indiana University Academic Handbook. Students who feel that they have been treated unfairly by a faculty member may lodge a complaint by following these steps: (1) Discuss the matter with the faculty member or instructor. (2) If step 1 fails to resolve the situation, discuss the matter with the chairperson of the department or the coordinator of the program in which the faculty member is employed. The departmental chairperson will discuss it with the faculty member and seek some resolution. (3) If step 2 fails, the student may discuss the matter or file a written, signed complaint with the dean. Anonymous complaints will not be entertained. A copy of any written complaint will be forwarded to the faculty member, who may respond in writing. (4) When warranted, the dean may refer a written complaint and the faculty member's response to the Faculty Affairs Committee for further investigation and review. (5) The Faculty Affairs Committee will evaluate the complaint on the basis of university policy and may recommend to the dean that the instructor be sanctioned. If the committee finds the complaint to be unfounded, a letter to that effect may be placed in the student's file. Return to Academic Regulations
Last updated: 12 July 2024 21 05 40
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Sunday, 11. December 2011
Report: Foreign Troops Begin to Spread Near the Villages of Al-Mafraq
Update 1: Today at 12:00 P.M. we contacted DOD Press Office via two voicemail messages and one e-mail asking for comment(s) on this story. As of 6:00 P.M. EST we have not heard back.
Update 2: Another journalist with a major mainstream media publication was told by his editors that there would be no coverage or follow up on these developments.
According to first-hand accounts and reports provided to Boiling Frogs Post by several sources in Jordan, during the last few hours foreign military groups, estimated at hundreds of individuals, began to spread near the villages of the north-Jordan city of "Al-Mafraq", which is adjacent to the Jordanian and Syrian border.
According to one Jordanian military officer who asked to remain anonymous, hundreds of soldiers who speak languages other than Arabic were seen during the past two days in those areas moving back and forth in military vehicles between the King Hussein Air Base of al-Mafraq (10 km from the Syrian border), and the vicinity of Jordanian villages adjacent to the Syrian border, such as village Albaej (5 km from the border), the area around the dam of Sarhan, the villages of Zubaydiah and al-Nahdah adjacent to the Syrian border.
Another report received from our source in Amman identified an additional US-NATO Command Center in "al-Houshah,' a village near Mafraq.
Our Iraqi journalist source in London provided us with the following related information:
"Some of the US forces that left the Ain al-Assad Air base in Iraq last Thursday, did not come back to the USA or its base in Germany, but were transferred to Jordan during the evening hours."
The above information was further corroborated by our correspondent and advisor Nizar Nayouf who interviewed an employee in the London-based office of Royal Jordanian Airlines:
"At least one US aircraft carrying military personnel landed in the Prince Hassan Air base located about 100 km to the east of the city of Al-Mafraq."
Earlier last week, Jordanian news websites disclosed that "Western officials have requested the King to allow establishing an electronic spy station in the north of Jordan (near the Syrian border) in order to access the Syrian army and contact Syrian high-rank officers for convincing them to make a military coup or (at least) rebel against the regime".
Nizar Nayouf, BFP advisor and correspondent on Syria in London, had the following statement on Al-Mafraq:
"The al-Mafraq air base, which now includes Air Force Academy, was a starting point for "conspiratorial activities" by Jordan, The UK and Israel against Syria in the past, particularly in the 1960s. In September 1968, a Syrian commando Major, Salim Hatoom, who fled to Jordan with a number of officers after a failed coup attempt, established a camp from which he started a rebel military against the then left-wing government of Syria under president Nureddin al-Atassi and Salah Jadid. By the end of 1970s and early 1980s, the Syrian Islamic Brotherhood and their military wing "At-Taleeah al-Islamiyyah al-Muqatilah" (the Islamic Militant Vanguard) used the same base for its military struggle against president Hafez a-Assad regime, in which they were being trained by the Jordanian and Israeli intelligence agents, and cars were being bombed before they were sent to the streets of Syrian cities for the killing of innocents and undermining state facilities."
Mr. Nayouf went on to emphasize the irony of the situation:
"I guess history repeats itself but as farce…Last spring, that tens of Syrian soldiers, who fled to Jordan, were transferred to a camp west of the Jordanian city of "Salt", in which officers from Israeli military intelligence (AMAN) began the investigation with them under the supervision of the Jordanian military intelligence. This was to extract information from them on issues related to the development of the Syrian army, weapons and training, especially after 2006."
We contacted our expert sources on US media and intelligence-military and were told that the US media has been told not to report on this latest development until Tuesday, December 13. Boiling Frogs Post is the first news website to report on these latest developments.
This story is developing and we await further details and confirmation from our sources in Turkey and Jordan. For additional Boiling Frogs Post Syria coverage see here and here.


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Careful portfolio analysis is necessary to ensure that you have the correct asset allocation according to your objectives and risk tolerance.
Long term investment returns are always directly determined by the types of assets held in an investor's portfolio. An ideal portfolio mix can only be determined by first assessing a variety of critical factors such as: risk tolerance, personal income level, age range and investing time horizon. Depending on these various factors, a portfolio mix (equities vs fixed income vs cash) can be determined to provide the highest possible probability of achieving a desired long-term rate of return while at the same time minimizing short-term financial risks.
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Portfolio Analysis is the process by which an existing portfolio asset allocation is reviewed to determine whether the current allocation achieves the investor's short and long term financial goals without taking unnecessary capital risks. To achieve an optimal portfolio asset allocation, the individual investor must balance their portfolio goals with their risk tolerance. Owning growth-oriented assets is essential to help offset the long-term risk of inflation, but the rewards of growth also involve the short-term risks of enduring market volatility and uncertainty.
The analysis of an individual portfolio is best conducted by a professional who has the required knowledge and expertise to properly evaluate all the different variables that affect the long-term performance of different asset classes. Proper portfolio analysis is important to long-term financial success because each asset class within a portfolio comes with a different type of short and long term risk.
By measuring an investor's short and long term investment goals against various investment possibilities and return probabilities, a professional advisor can assist an investor in determining the portfolio mix best suited to their unique situation.
Contact our office in Brantford today if you have questions about your own portfolio asset allocation.


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Lane County Elections will start reporting results after about 8:30 pm on their website.
The pivotal close races to watch are the Democrat Kitty Piercy v. Jim Torrey mayor showdown and the close race for the north Eugene Lane County commissioner seat between conservative Bobby Green and progressive Rob Handy.
The magic number for Piercy/Torrey may be 34,060. That's 50 percent of those who voted in a city election in November 2004.
The magic number for Handy/Green may be 15,663. That's 50 percent of those who voted in a contested county commissioner race in November 2004.
But the number of voters this year appears likely to be higher. Students say they have registered thousands of new voters at the UO. A high student turnout could help progressive Piercy.
Lane County reports a 2.5 percent increase in voter registrations compared to 2004. If turnout equals the 91 percent for the county in 2004, the Piercy/Torrey magic number could inflate to 34,898. The Handy/Green magic number could inflate to 16,048.
In May 2008, the county had counted about 60 percent of the votes in Eugene by 9 pm. Judging from May, late votes may favor progressives Piercy and Handy.
Piercy and Torrey were nearly even at 9 pm in May, but in the unofficial final results available the next day, Piercy was ahead by almost 800 votes or about 2 percent.
In May Handy lead Green by about 2 percent at 9 pm. In the unofficial final results the next day, Handy had a lead of about 4 percent.
Both races went to a runoff because no one had more than 50 percent.
Torrey and Handy may have a slight edge based on the May results.
If the 4 percent of voters who voted for two other conservative candidates in May had instead voted for conservative Torrey, he would have won with 51 percent.
If the 6 percent of voters who voted for two other candidates critical of Green in May had instead voted for Handy, Handy would have won with 55 percent.
Another factor for Piercy may be The Register-Guard. The paper inexplicably reversed its May endorsement of her to Torrey and has largely buried or not reported in depth news of Torrey's huge contributions from gravel pit and development interests.


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Preface: I wrote this series of articles to show how to get excellent results in body work with simple tools. It's intended to be a guide for the novice body worker trying to save money, and covers only surface preparation prior to painting. Not everybody can afford the big air compressor and special tools associated with this kind of work for what may be a one time job. I'm into my third full restoration and sixth paint job, and still prefer to keep it simple. I hope this little piece will help someone because any day I can help someone is a good day for both of us. Click here to see all articles in this series
- John D. Weimer
Rough Sanding
The purpose of rough sanding is to remove some of the original finish down to where it can provide a solid substrate for primer to adhere to. Deep rock pecks and chips are to be sanded down to bare metal. More about sanders and primer for bare metal later.
The door in this picture has been rough sanded and primed with DuPont #131S "Fill N Sand" acrylic primer surfacer. Professionals hardly ever use this any more, it is now considered archaic; but, it's economical, effective, safe & easy to spray, works well for me, and I prefer it.
In the first picture, the door has been marked with a pencil to help locate low areas while sanding. Aerosol paint a different color than the primer could be lightly spritzed on as a guide coat, but at this stage lead pencil marks work just as well and are quicker (& cheaper).
The sandpaper you see on the right edge of the door is 180 grit dry production paper wrapped tightly on a ten inch piece of paint stick. Sanding lightly, using long multi-directional strokes, will point out high spots as well as low ones.
This door had never been damaged and worked out very easily. By using a long stick with long multi-directional strokes a high area was found by the time all the pencil marks were sanded out. The yellow and brown area was only about as thick as a good layer of paint & was higher than it should have been. That's plenty enough to show a wave in a finished paint job. The two small silver areas are where I went to bare metal to know exactly where I was in this process. When I saw metal, the discolored area was blended to the primer, and all pencil marks were gone. Then, I knew it was perfectly flat.
The right side of the vehicle had taken a moderate hit in this door, the door jam, and an area of about 18" behind the door. The repairs had been quick and sloppy with lots of "Bondo". So, the job began with removing excess body filler while the door was still installed so it and the area behind could be contoured and fitted at the same time. About 10" of door jam had to be re-fitted to the door with fiberglass reinforced body filler. Reworking a botched job is harder than doing it from scratch.
Stick sanding revealed a couple of low areas and a high spots. The ones that are circled, (showing bare metal), were sharp little peaks. There's only one way to remedy that: I tapped them down with a small hammer and proceeded to the next step.
Close inspection of the smoothly sanded door revealed 10 flaws which were circled with the lead pencil as they were found. The 5 spots near the edge were no more than pin holes, but they look like gopher holes in a finished paint job; and, usually, no amount of primer will completely fill them. Always apply filler to an area somewhat larger and thicker than what the flaw seems to be so it will "feather in" completely with the first sanding.
Applying and Sanding Filler
The filler used here is Dynatron #592 "Putty-Cote" and is the best finishing putty I have ever found. It is very soft and "skimable", leaves no air bubbles, no tackiness on top, sands and featheredges like a dream. It can be applied to bare metal, sanded paint, or scuffed primer with equally good results.
JDW's NOTE: When mixing body filler I never use more than half the recommended hardener; the same goes with fiberglass resin. It doesn't matter how little or how much hardener you use, the putty will cure to the same firmness and consistency when thoroughly mixed. Using only a little hardener gives you more time to work and conserves material that would otherwise begin curing before you're finished with it.
As the filler cures it goes through a heating period and is ready to sand when cool to the touch with the backs of your fingers. I mix filler on discarded snap-on coffee can and plastic ice cream container lids. They get trashed anyway and sometimes you can bend them and, the cured filer pops off so you can reuse them. Besides, they have two useful sides.
The little Ryobi 5" random orbit sander is the best thing I've ever bought for body work; handy as a pocket on a shirt. I work filler, rough sand paint, and even remove paint to bare metal in small areas with it. I've used this one for 8 years and the best discs I've found are at Sears. They are yellow on the abrasive side, cloth-like on the back, and tougher than a cheap steak. The only ones you need in body work are 60-grit so save your money and don't buy the variety pack of discs.
By the way: The little wire brush is for cleaning out the 180-paper. It fills real fast, but will last 10 times longer if you clean it every little bit.
Don't attempt to power sand to a finish. Just take the top down flat and leave an edge around it about the thickness of a match book. With the meager equipment we have and the skills we possess power is for roughing and elbow grease is for finesse. Try powering to a finish and you'll usually end up having to repair what you screwed up.
You can get a little better look at the stick sander in the below photo. The 180-grit sandpaper is wrapped tightly around the stick and as you use up a section you tear it off and begin working with the newly exposed paper. You can even sand with the edge of the stick which works real good along the insides of breaks like run the length of these doors. The little wire brush is for cleaning out the 180-paper which fills with residue real fast. Cleaning it every little bit makes it last 10 times longer.
You'll notice in this picture that the stick picked off more high places than seen in photo #3. That's because when I picked out the low places I stopped sanding and filled them before going further; it just saves work. Notice how the newly applied filler and discolored areas all feather into their surrounding areas. Now is the time to "feel it out". If the door and/or your hand is dusty so your hand slides over the surface as if lubricated you're ready to go. If you feel any resistance as you rub your hand over the surface put a thin rag, like old bed sheet or t-shirt material, under your hand. Now, slowly run your hand over the entire surface in all directions. You can feel flaws you can't see at this stage, so feel 'er up good. If you think you feel something, take a damp cloth, run it over the suspected area and get down at a shallow angle for a good look. If you see something, circle it with the pencil, cross hatch the area with pencil marks, and go at it with the stick sander 'til it lines out or you have to skim in some filler. NEVER try to sand out a low area. If you can work a high area surrounding it down to it's level that's great, otherwise skim some filler in and go at it again.
In the picture the white spots are the Dynatron we put in, pink is filler from the original botched repair, red/brown is primer from that repair, yellow is original paint, and mustard is Vari-Prime self etching primer immediately under the gray primer. When you can't feel any flaws, especially in these areas, you're finished with this step.
Applying and Sanding Primer
Aerosol primers are OK for doing small areas and avoiding the mess of mixing for, shooting with, and cleaning up a spray gun. The Sherwin Williams GBP # 988 is the best self etching aerosol primer for bare metal I have ever found. Spray it in a well ventilated area and avoid breathing the fumes. It smells just like DuPont Vari-Prime which is referred to by many professional painters as "Yellow Death". It's hot stuff, so shoot a little, step back, watch which way the overspray drifts, and stay clear of it. You may well ask, "If you know so much about how these so called lethal materials smell; why ain't you dead?" Well, I don't know. Maybe the cigars and cigarettes I smoke protect me from it. Just don't take a chance with your health and stay out of the fumes.
There is still a tiny high spot right in the middle of the Dynatron beside the cans. It's no thicker than one coat of paint and, although you can't see in the photo, feathered nicely. About 4 coats of primer filler on that area along with careful sanding and it will never show.
The darker gray areas are where I covered bare metal with the self etching primer. Use it sparingly, only enough to get coverage on the bare metal areas; using any more is a waste of it and it ain't cheap. These doors are now ready for, (actually in), final primer.
I used the same primer filler as in step one, but you can use non-sanding primer at this stage if you want. I prefer the added insurance of that little extra thickness of primer to work to even at the expense of it being more labor intensive. It's best to spritz on a very thin showing, (not even a coat), of black aerosol paint then block and/or hand sand with 400-grit paper. This is performed as a wet sanding and is done with a deft touch. Great care is taken to "pet and coax" the surface to well sanded perfection with no flaws or sand-through. If you find a flaw or sand through, re-prime and pet it into shape.
Color Coat Painting
Color coat painting; that's a whole 'nother story that I'll not get into because I learn every time I do it. That step is something you can do or you can't, there's no in between, and if you think you can't, take it to a pro.


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Cruncher Block and Royalton up for grabs on eBay AGAIN
The same seller from the last post seems to have one more Cruncher Block and one more Royalton for sale. Royalton ends tomorrow in just under 7 1/2 hours and Cruncher in about a day and a half...
I'd love to know where he got all these from!
Labels: Cruncher Block, ebay, Exclusive Funkeys, Purchasing Funkeys


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Now, the VOA Special English program, AMERICAN STORIES.
We present the short story "The Ransom of Red Chief" by O. Henry. Here is Shep O'Neal with the story.
It looked like a good thing. But wait till I tell you. We were down south, in Alabama – Bill Driscoll and myself – when this kidnapping idea struck us. There was a town down there, as flat as a pancake, and called Summit. Bill and I had about six hundred dollars. We needed just two thousand dollars more for an illegal land deal in Illinois.
We chose for our victim -- the only child of an influential citizen named Ebenezer Dorset. He was a boy of ten, with red hair. Bill and I thought that Ebenezer would pay a ransom of two thousand dollars to get his boy back. But wait till I tell you.
About two miles from Summit was a little mountain, covered with cedar trees. There was an opening on the back of the mountain. We stored our supplies in that cave.
One night, we drove a horse and carriage past old Dorset's house. The boy was in the street, throwing rocks at a cat on the opposite fence.
"Hey little boy!" says Bill, "would you like to have a bag of candy and a nice ride?"
The boy hits Bill directly in the eye with a piece of rock.
That boy put up a fight like a wild animal. But, at last, we got him down in the bottom of the carriage and drove away.
We took him up to the cave. The boy had two large bird feathers stuck in his hair. He points a stick at me and says:
"Ha! Paleface, do you dare to enter the camp of Red Chief, the terror of the plains?"
"He's all right now," says Bill, rolling up his pants and examining wounds on his legs. "We're playing Indian. I'm Old Hank, the trapper, Red Chief's captive. I'm going to be scalped at daybreak. By Geronimo! That kid can kick hard."
"Red Chief," says I to the boy, "would you like to go home?"
"Aw, what for?" says he. "I don't have any fun at home. I hate to go to school. I like to camp out. You won't take me back home again, will you?"
"Not right away," says I. "We'll stay here in the cave a while."
"All right!" says he. "That'll be fine. I never had such fun in all my life."
We went to bed about eleven o'clock. Just at daybreak, I was awakened by a series of terrible screams from Bill. Red Chief was sitting on Bill's chest, with one hand holding his hair. In the other, he had a sharp knife. He was attempting to cut off the top of Bill's head, based on what he had declared the night before.
I got the knife away from the boy. But, after that event, Bill's spirit was broken. He lay down, but he never closed an eye again in sleep as long as that boy was with us.
"Do you think anybody will pay out money to get a little imp like that back home?" Bill asked.
"Sure," I said. "A boy like that is just the kind that parents love. Now, you and the Chief get up and make something to eat, while I go up on the top of this mountain and look around."
I climbed to the top of the mountain. Over toward Summit, I expected to see the men of the village searching the countryside. But all was peaceful.
"Perhaps," says I to myself, "it has not yet been discovered that the wolves have taken the lamb from the fold." I went back down the mountain.
When I got to the cave, I found Bill backed up against the side of it. He was breathing hard, with the boy threatening to strike him with a rock.
"He put a red-hot potato down my back," explained Bill, "and then crushed it with his foot. I hit his ears. Have you got a gun with you, Sam?"
I took the rock away from the boy and ended the argument.
"I'll fix you," says the boy to Bill. "No man ever yet struck the Red Chief but what he got paid for it. You better be careful!"
After eating, the boy takes a leather object with strings tied around it from his clothes and goes outside the cave unwinding it. Then we heard a kind of shout. It was Red Chief holding a sling in one hand. He moved it faster and faster around his head.
Just then I heard a heavy sound and a deep breath from Bill. A rock the size of an egg had hit him just behind his left ear. Bill fell in the fire across the frying pan of hot water for washing the dishes. I pulled him out and poured cold water on his head for half an hour.
Then I went out and caught that boy and shook him.
"If your behavior doesn't improve," says I, "I'll take you straight home. Now, are you going to be good, or not?"
"I was only funning," says he. "I didn't mean to hurt Old Hank. But what did he hit me for? I'll behave if you don't send me home."
I thought it best to send a letter to old man Dorset that day, demanding the ransom and telling how it should be paid. The letter said:
"We have your boy hidden in a place far from Summit. We demand fifteen hundred dollars for his return; the money to be left at midnight tonight at the same place and in the same box as your answer.
If you agree to these terms, send the answer in writing by a messenger tonight at half past eight o'clock. After crossing Owl Creek, on the road to Poplar Cove, there are three large trees. At the bottom of the fence, opposite the third tree, will be a small box. The messenger will place the answer in this box and return immediately to Summit. If you fail to agree to our demand, you will never see your boy again. If you pay the money as demanded, he will be returned to you safe and well within three hours."
I took the letter and walked over to Poplar Cove. I then sat around the post office and store. An old man there says he hears Summit is all worried because of Ebenezer Dorset's boy having been lost or stolen. That was all I wanted to know. I mailed my letter and left. The postmaster said the mail carrier would come by in an hour to take the mail on to Summit.
At half past eight, I was up in the third tree, waiting for the messenger to arrive. Exactly on time, a half-grown boy rides up the road on a bicycle. He finds the box at the foot of the fence. He puts a folded piece of paper into it and leaves, turning back toward Summit.
I slid down the tree, got the note and was back at the cave in a half hour. I opened the note and read it to Bill. This is what it said:
"Gentlemen: I received your letter about the ransom you ask for the return of my son. I think you are a little high in your demands. I hereby make you a counter-proposal, which I believe you will accept. You bring Johnny home and pay me two hundred and fifty dollars, and I agree to take him off your hands. You had better come at night because the neighbors believe he is lost. And, I could not be responsible for what they would do to anybody they saw bringing him back. Very respectfully, Ebenezer Dorset."
"Great pirates of Penzance!" says I, "of all the nerve..." But I looked at Bill and stopped. He had the most appealing look in his eyes I ever saw on the face of a dumb or talking animal.
"Sam," says he, "what's two hundred and fifty dollars, after all? We've got the money. One more night of this boy will drive me crazy. I think Mister Dorset is making us a good offer. You aren't going to let the chance go, are you?"
"Tell you the truth, Bill," says I, "this little lamb has got on my nerves, too. We'll take him home, pay the ransom and make our get-away."
We took him home that night. We got him to go by telling him that his father had bought him a gun and we were going to hunt bears the next day.
It was twelve o'clock when we knocked on Ebenezer's front door. Bill counted out two hundred and fifty dollars into Dorset's hand.
When the boy learned we were planning to leave him at home, he started to cry loudly and held himself as tight as he could to Bill's leg. His father pulled him away slowly.
"How long can you hold him?" asks Bill.
"I'm not as strong as I used to be," says old Dorset, "but I think I can promise you ten minutes."
"Enough," says Bill. "In ten minutes, I shall cross the Central, Southern and Middle Western states, and be running for the Canadian border."
And, as dark as it was, and as fat as Bill was, and as good a runner as I am, he was a good mile and a half out of Summit before I could catch up with him.
You have heard the American Story "The Ransom of Red Chief" by O. Henry. Your storyteller was Shep O'Neal. This story was adapted into Special English by Shelley Gollust. It was produced by Lawan Davis. Listen again next week for another American Story in VOA Special English. I'm Faith Lapidus.


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Kankakee County Illinois Topographic Maps
Search for Topo Maps in Kankakee County
Select a Feature Type in Kankakee County:
View topo maps in Kankakee County, Illinois by clicking on the interactive map or searching for maps by place name and feature type. You can also browse by feature type (e.g. lakes or summits) by selecting from the list of feature types above.


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While its popularity suffers from a decline in the past year or two, Firefox is still a great browser which has a lot of things to offer. One of those things is the ability to control whether a plug-in will start automatically when the relevant content is being loaded, or should the browser ask for the end-user's permissions to activate the plug-in on a per-site basis.
When can the above functionality be most useful? When defending against malware. The sad truth is that being infected via a drive-by malware is something that can happen to anyone, regardless the security measures being taken (e.g using Linux or OSX, having an anti-virus running or using a browser which is not IE). Due to the increased efforts in making it secure, Firefox has very little known vulnerabilities in the core browser engine, forcing the bad guys to opt for its plug-ins as the attack vector.
Unfortunately, Adobe (maker of Flash and Reader) and Oracle (maker of Java) are still doing a so-so job in terms of making secure software, thus it is recommended to have their plug-ins run only when the user approves them to run.
As a matter of fact, I'd recommend getting rid of Java and Reader entirely, yet Flash is still needed for many sites, thus cannot be discarded easily.
So how could one make Firefox ask for a permission to run such plug-ins? Easy:
- Open the "tools" menu and choose "add-ons" (ctrl-shift-a for non OSX users).
- Choose the "plug-ins" tab on the left panel.
- Choose "ask to activate" for the not-so-secure plug-ins.
That's it. Have a safe browsing.


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- map pages of memory
#include <sys/mman.h> void *mmap(void *addr, size_t len, int prot, int flags, int fildes, off_t off);
The mmap() function establishes a mapping between a process's address space and a file or shared memory object. The format of the call is as follows:
pa = mmap(addr, len, prot, flags, fildes, off);
The mmap() function establishes a mapping between the address space of the process at an address pa for len bytes to the memory object represented by the file descriptor fildes at offset off for len bytes. The value of pa is a function of the addr argument and values of flags, further described below. A successful mmap() call returns pa as its result. The address range starting at pa and continuing for len bytes will be legitimate for the possible (not necessarily current) address space of the process. The range of bytes starting at off and continuing for len bytes will be legitimate for the possible (not necessarily current) offsets in the file or shared memory object represented by fildes.
The mmap() function allows [pa, pa + len) to extend beyond the end of the object both at the time of the mmap() and while the mapping persists, such as when the file is created prior to the mmap() call and has no contents, or when the file is truncated. Any reference to addresses beyond the end of the object, however, will result in the delivery of a SIGBUS or SIGSEGV signal. The mmap() function cannot be used to implicitly extend the length of files.
The mapping established by mmap() replaces any previous mappings for those whole pages containing any part of the address space of the process starting at pa and continuing for len bytes.
If the size of the mapped file changes after the call to mmap() as a result of some other operation on the mapped file, the effect of references to portions of the mapped region that correspond to added or removed portions of the file is unspecified.
The mmap() function is supported for regular files and shared memory objects. Support for any other type of file is unspecified.
The prot argument determines whether read, write, execute, or some combination of accesses are permitted to the data being mapped. The prot argument should be either PROT_NONE or the bitwise inclusive OR of one or more of the other flags in the following table, defined in the header <sys/mman.h>.
Data can be read.
Data can be written.
Data can be executed.
Data cannot be accessed.
If an implementation of mmap() for a specific platform cannot support the combination of access types specified by prot, the call to mmap() fails. An implementation may permit accesses other than those specified by prot; however, the implementation will not permit a write to succeed where PROT_WRITE has not been set or permit any access where PROT_NONE alone has been set. Each platform-specific implementation of mmap() supports the following values of prot: PROT_NONE, PROT_READ, PROT_WRITE, and the inclusive OR of PROT_READ and PROT_WRITE. On some platforms, the PROT_WRITE protection option is implemented as PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE and PROT_EXEC as PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC. The file descriptor fildes is opened with read permission, regardless of the protection options specified. If PROT_WRITE is specified, the application must have opened the file descriptor fildes with write permission unless MAP_PRIVATE is specified in the flags argument as described below.
The flags argument provides other information about the handling of the mapped data. The value of flags is the bitwise inclusive OR of these options, defined in <sys/mman.h>:
Changes are shared.
Changes are private.
Interpret addr exactly.
Do not reserve swap space.
Map anonymous memory.
Interpret addr as required aligment.
Map text.
Map initialized data segment.
The MAP_SHARED and MAP_PRIVATE options describe the disposition of write references to the underlying object. If MAP_SHARED is specified, write references will change the memory object. If MAP_PRIVATE is specified, the initial write reference will create a private copy of the memory object page and redirect the mapping to the copy. The private copy is not created until the first write; until then, other users who have the object mapped MAP_SHARED can change the object. Either MAP_SHARED or MAP_PRIVATE must be specified, but not both. The mapping type is retained across fork(2).
When MAP_FIXED is set in the flags argument, the system is informed that the value of pa must be addr, exactly. If MAP_FIXED is set, mmap() may return (void *)-1 and set errno to EINVAL. If a MAP_FIXED request is successful, the mapping established by mmap() replaces any previous mappings for the process's pages in the range [pa, pa + len). The use of MAP_FIXED is discouraged, since it may prevent a system from making the most effective use of its resources.
When MAP_FIXED is set and the requested address is the same as previous mapping, the previous address is unmapped and the new mapping is created on top of the old one.
When MAP_FIXED is not set, the system uses addr to arrive at pa. The pa so chosen will be an area of the address space that the system deems suitable for a mapping of len bytes to the file. The mmap() function interprets an addr value of 0 as granting the system complete freedom in selecting pa, subject to constraints described below. A non-zero value of addr is taken to be a suggestion of a process address near which the mapping should be placed. When the system selects a value for pa, it will never place a mapping at address 0, nor will it replace any extant mapping, nor map into areas considered part of the potential data or stack "segments".
When MAP_ALIGN is set, the system is informed that the alignment of pa must be the same as addr. The alignment value in addr must be 0 or some power of two multiple of page size as returned by sysconf(3C). If addr is 0, the system will choose a suitable alignment.
The MAP_NORESERVE option specifies that no swap space be reserved for a mapping. Without this flag, the creation of a writable MAP_PRIVATE mapping reserves swap space equal to the size of the mapping; when the mapping is written into, the reserved space is employed to hold private copies of the data. A write into a MAP_NORESERVE mapping produces results which depend on the current availability of swap space in the system. If space is available, the write succeeds and a private copy of the written page is created; if space is not available, the write fails and a SIGBUS or SIGSEGV signal is delivered to the writing process. MAP_NORESERVE mappings are inherited across fork(); at the time of the fork(), swap space is reserved in the child for all private pages that currently exist in the parent; thereafter the child's mapping behaves as described above.
When MAP_ANON is set in flags, and fildes is set to -1, mmap() provides a direct path to return anonymous pages to the caller. This operation is equivalent to passing mmap() an open file descriptor on /dev/zero with MAP_ANON elided from the flags argument.
The MAP_TEXT option informs the system that the mapped region will be used primarily for executing instructions. This information can help the system better utilize MMU resources on some platforms. This flag is always passed by the dynamic linker when it maps text segments of shared objects. When the MAP_TEXT option is used for regular file mappings on some platforms, the system can choose a mapping size larger than the page size returned by sysconf(3C). The specific page sizes that are used depend on the platform and the alignment of the addr and len arguments. Several diffrent mapping sizes can be used to map the region with larger page sizes used in the parts of the region that meet alignment and size requirements for those page sizes.
The MAP_INITDATA option informs the system that the mapped region is an initialized data segment of an executable or shared object. When the MAP_INITDATA option is used for regular file mappings on some platforms, the system can choose a mapping size larger than the page size returned by sysconf(). The MAP_INITDATA option should be used only by the dynamic linker for mapping initialized data of shared objects.
The off argument is constrained to be aligned and sized according to the value returned by sysconf() when passed _SC_PAGESIZE or _SC_PAGE_SIZE. When MAP_FIXED is specified, the addr argument must also meet these constraints. The system performs mapping operations over whole pages. Thus, while the len argument need not meet a size or alignment constraint, the system will include, in any mapping operation, any partial page specified by the range [pa, pa + len).
The system will always zero-fill any partial page at the end of an object. Further, the system will never write out any modified portions of the last page of an object which are beyond its end. References to whole pages following the end of an object will result in the delivery of a SIGBUS or SIGSEGV signal. SIGBUS signals may also be delivered on various file system conditions, including quota exceeded errors.
The mmap() function adds an extra reference to the file associated with the file descriptor fildes which is not removed by a subsequent close(2) on that file descriptor. This reference is removed when there are no more mappings to the file by a call to the munmap(2) function.
The st_atime field of the mapped file may be marked for update at any time between the mmap() call and the corresponding munmap(2) call. The initial read or write reference to a mapped region will cause the file's st_atime field to be marked for update if it has not already been marked for update.
The st_ctime and st_mtime fields of a file that is mapped with MAP_SHARED and PROT_WRITE, will be marked for update at some point in the interval between a write reference to the mapped region and the next call to msync(3C) with MS_ASYNC or MS_SYNC for that portion of the file by any process. If there is no such call, these fields may be marked for update at any time after a write reference if the underlying file is modified as a result.
If the process calls mlockall(3C) with the MCL_FUTURE flag, the pages mapped by all future calls to mmap() will be locked in memory. In this case, if not enough memory could be locked, mmap() fails and sets errno to EAGAIN.
The mmap() function aligns based on the length of the mapping. When determining the amount of space to add to the address space, mmap() includes two 8-Kbyte pages, one at each end of the mapping that are not mapped and are therefore used as "red-zone" pages. Attempts to reference these pages result in access violations.
The size requested is incremented by the 16 Kbytes for these pages and is then subject to rounding constraints. The constraints are:
For 32-bit processes:
If length > 4 Mbytes round to 4-Mbyte multiple elseif length > 512 Kbytes round to 512-Kbyte multiple else round to 64-Kbyte multiple
For 64-bit processes:
If length > 4 Mbytes round to 4-Mbyte multiple else round to 1-Mbyte multiple
The net result is that for a 32-bit process:
If an mmap() request is made for 4 Mbytes, it results in 4 Mbytes + 16 Kbytes and is rounded up to 8 Mbytes.
If an mmap() request is made for 512 Kbytes, it results in 512 Kbytes + 16 Kbytes and is rounded up to 1 Mbyte.
If an mmap() request is made for 1 Mbyte, it results in 1 Mbyte + 16 Kbytes and is rounded up to 1.5 Mbytes.
Each 8-Kbyte mmap request "consumes" 64 Kbytes of virtual address space.
To obtain maximal address space usage for a 32-bit process:
Combine 8-Kbyte requests up to a limit of 48 Kbytes.
Combine amounts over 48 Kbytes into 496-Kbyte chunks.
Combine amounts over 496 Kbytes into 4080-Kbyte chunks.
To obtain maximal address space usage for a 64-bit process:
Combine amounts < 1008 Kbytes into chunks <= 1008 Kbytes.
Combine amounts over 1008 Kbytes into 4080-Kbyte chunks.
The following is the output from a 32-bit program demonstrating this:
64-Kbyte delta between starting addresses.
1–Mbyte delta between starting addresses.
512-Kbyte delta between starting addresses
1536-Kbyte delta between starting addresses
1-Mbyte delta between starting addresses
8-Mbyte delta between starting addresses
4-Mbyte delta between starting addresses
The following is the output of the same program compiled as a 64-bit application:
1-Mbyte delta between starting addresses
1-Mbyte delta between starting addresses
1-Mbyte delta between starting addresses
2-Mbyte delta between starting addresses
1–Mbyte delta between starting addresses
8-Mbyte delta between starting addresses
4-Mbyte delta between starting addresses
Upon successful completion, the mmap() function returns the address at which the mapping was placed (pa); otherwise, it returns a value of MAP_FAILED and sets errno to indicate the error. The symbol MAP_FAILED is defined in the header <sys/mman.h>. No successful return from mmap() will return the value MAP_FAILED.
If mmap() fails for reasons other than EBADF, EINVAL or ENOTSUP, some of the mappings in the address range starting at addr and continuing for len bytes may have been unmapped.
The mmap() function will fail if:
The fildes file descriptor is not open for read, regardless of the protection specified; or fildes is not open for write and PROT_WRITE was specified for a MAP_SHARED type mapping.
The mapping could not be locked in memory.
There was insufficient room to reserve swap space for the mapping.
The fildes file descriptor is not open (and MAP_ANON was not specified).
The arguments addr (if MAP_FIXED was specified) or off are not multiples of the page size as returned by sysconf().
The argument addr (if MAP_ALIGN was specified) is not 0 or some power of two multiple of page size as returned by sysconf(3C).
MAP_FIXED and MAP_ALIGN are both specified.
The field in flags is invalid (neither MAP_PRIVATE or MAP_SHARED is set).
The argument len has a value equal to 0.
MAP_ANON was specified, but the file descriptor was not -1.
MAP_TEXT was specified but PROT_EXEC was not.
MAP_TEXT and MAP_INITDATA were both specified.
The number of mapped regions would exceed an implementation-dependent limit (per process or per system).
The fildes argument refers to an object for which mmap() is meaningless, such as a terminal.
The MAP_FIXED option was specified and the range [addr, addr + len) exceeds that allowed for the address space of a process.
The MAP_FIXED option was not specified and there is insufficient room in the address space to effect the mapping.
The mapping could not be locked in memory, if required by mlockall(3C), because it would require more space than the system is able to supply.
The composite size of len plus the lengths obtained from all previous calls to mmap() exceeds RLIMIT_VMEM (see getrlimit(2)).
The system does not support the combination of accesses requested in the prot argument.
Addresses in the range [off, off + len) are invalid for the object specified by fildes.
The MAP_FIXED option was specified in flags and the combination of addr, len and off is invalid for the object specified by fildes.
The file is a regular file and the value of off plus len exceeds the offset maximum establish in the open file description associated with fildes.
The mmap() function may fail if:
The file to be mapped is already locked using advisory or mandatory record locking. See fcntl(2).
Use of mmap() may reduce the amount of memory available to other memory allocation functions.
MAP_ALIGN is useful to assure a properly aligned value of pa for subsequent use with memcntl(2) and the MC_HAT_ADVISE command. This is best used for large, long-lived, and heavily referenced regions. MAP_FIXED and MAP_ALIGN are always mutually-exclusive.
Use of MAP_FIXED may result in unspecified behavior in further use of brk(2), sbrk(2), malloc(3C), and shmat(2). The use of MAP_FIXED is discouraged, as it may prevent an implementation from making the most effective use of resources.
The application must ensure correct synchronization when using mmap() in conjunction with any other file access method, such as read(2) and write(2), standard input/output, and shmat(2).
The mmap() function has a transitional interface for 64-bit file offsets. See lf64(5).
The mmap() function allows access to resources using address space manipulations instead of the read()/write() interface. Once a file is mapped, all a process has to do to access it is use the data at the address to which the object was mapped.
Consider the following pseudo-code:
fildes = open( . . .) lseek(fildes, offset, whence) read(fildes, buf, len) /* use data in buf */
The following is a rewrite using mmap():
fildes = open( . . .) address = mmap((caddr_t) 0, len, (PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE), MAP_PRIVATE, fildes, offset) /* use data at address */
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
close(2), exec(2), fcntl(2), fork(2), getrlimit(2), memcntl(2), mprotect(2), munmap(2), shmat(2), lockf(3C), mlockall(3C), msync(3C), plock(3C), sysconf(3C), attributes(5), lf64(5), standards(5), null(7D), zero(7D)


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The Reversal of the Curse
God promises us "a new heaven and a new earth" (Rev. 21:1). Some people leap to the conclusion that God will simply throw the present creation onto the scrap heap, so to speak, and start over again from scratch. But this cannot be right. We ourselves are part of this present creation. And if we trust in Christ, we know that we will not end up on the scrap heap!
In Romans 8:18–25 God shows us how to think about our future. We who belong to Christ are "sons of God" (vv. 14–15, 19). The Spirit of Christ dwells within us, guaranteeing our final redemption (v. 23). We have eternal life even now (vv. 6, 10; John 5:24), but we also long for the full coming of life and peace in the future: "we ourselves, who have the first fruits of the Spirit, groan inwardly as we wait eagerly for adoption as sons, the redemption of our bodies" (Rom. 8:23).
Our goal is defined by Christ himself. God has "predestined [us] to be conformed to the image of his Son, in order that he might be the firstborn among many brothers" (v. 29). Christ is "the firstborn among many brothers," not simply because His resurrection is chronologically first, and not only because He is preeminent over us, but because His resurrection is the pattern, or model, that we imitate and to which we conform. He is our representative, not only by bearing our sin, but in displaying the full image to which we are united and into which we are transformed. "If the Spirit of him who raised Jesus from the dead dwells in you, he who raised Christ Jesus from the dead will also give life to your mortal bodies through his Spirit who dwells in you" (v. 11). "Just as we have borne the image of the man of dust [Adam], we shall also bear the image of the man of heaven [Christ, in His resurrection body]" (1 Cor. 15:49; see also vv. 42–49). "And we all, with unveiled face, beholding the glory of the Lord, are being transformed into the same image from one degree of glory to another" (2 Cor. 3:18). God has a plan for the larger creation, not just for humanity. "The creation itself will be set free from its bondage to decay and obtain the freedom of the glory of the children of God" (Rom. 8:21). Some people have guessed that the "creation" here just includes human beings. But verse 21 seems to distinguish "the creation" on the one hand from "the children of God" on the other. This contrast is made explicit in verse 23: "And not only the creation, but we ourselves … groan inwardly …." The contrast indicates that "the creation" includes animals, plants, and non-living things, not just human beings.
This creation "was subjected to futility, not willingly, but because of him who subjected it" (v. 20). Futility in the world began with the fall of Adam, because the Fall resulted in effects on the world under Adam's dominion — thorns and thistles, great pain in childbearing, sweaty labor (Gen. 3:16–19). The creation as a whole, not simply Adam, "was subjected to futility." As a result of the Fall, human beings who have descended from Adam suffer sin and death, and end up hurting one another in their sin and misery. But the curse that God pronounces because of Adam's fall also results in alterations in the broader created order.
One thinks of mosquitoes, tapeworms, rabies, and all the carriers of diseases so debilitating to human beings — who can guess all the ways in which the created order may have been put out of joint as a result of the Fall?
Now Christ's redemption brings a reversal and remedy for the whole disaster of the Fall. Above all, Christ brings a remedy for sin, as Romans 3:21–26 and the rest of Romans 8 indicate. But His triumph will also liberate the larger creation from "futility," that is, the effects of the curse. The creation was originally good, and the futility was imposed only later, at the time of the Fall. Hence, there is a genuine basis for believing that God will extirpate futility without thereby destroying the good creation as well. And that is what Romans 8:21 promises: "the creation itself will be set free from its bondage to decay and obtain the freedom of the glory of the children of God."
What a marvelous hope we have! Notice the contrast between biblical hope, on the one hand, and a materialistic evolutionary worldview on the other. Materialism says that whatever evils and suffering are in the world now have always been there, at least in principle. "There is no such thing as the Fall," it says. All things continue as they have always been (2 Peter 3:4). There has been no radical disruption that spoiled an originally good situation. But that means that evil and suffering are inherent in the very nature of things; so there is no hope of finally eliminating wickedness. This is futility indeed, leading to despair.
By contrast, God's Word dispels despair. It gives us a sure foundation for a hope for our future freedom. We look forward to a final abolition of death, tears, and pain (Rev. 21:4). Moreover, the freedom of the children of God is the pattern for the freedom for the creation as a whole: "The creation itself will be set free from its bondage to decay and obtain the freedom of the glory of the children of God" (Rom. 8:21). As we have seen, Christ's resurrection is the pattern for our resurrection. And, according to Romans 8:21, our resurrection is the pattern for the liberation of creation. Thus Christ is at the center, both for us and for creation. This should not be surprising, when we realize that He is Creator and Lord of the entire cosmos (Col. 1:15–17). Since He is Creator, He is also Savior and Lord who redeems the entire cosmos from "futility" (Col. 1:18–20). First comes creation, then redemption as the restoration of creation, and finally consummation as the goal of creation. All three hang together in the purpose of God. He accomplishes all three through His Son, the one Mediator.
Redemption reverses the effects of the Fall. But it does not merely return us to the pre-Fall situation with Adam. God planned from the beginning for development. Adam and Eve would have children. They would "be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth and subdue it" (Gen. 1:28). The created world travels towards its destination, towards its consummation, when it will reveal the glory of God even more marvelously than at its beginning. The beginning had only one man and one woman in a garden. The end has a multitude of humanity in a city. (But it also has one Man, Christ the Last Adam, and one Bride, the Church, Rev. 19:6–9) The creation at the beginning was indeed "very good" (Gen. 1:31). The consummation is still a more full realization of goodness. We might say that it is very, very good, consummately good, in being filled with God's glory even more intensively. And this consummation will come. God will achieve His purposes. We can be confident, because God has guaranteed it in Christ's resurrection and by sending the Holy Spirit as "the first fruits," the first portion and foretaste of our final inheritance (Rom. 8:23; Eph. 1:14).
With the pattern of Christ's resurrection in view, we can now draw some conclusions about the future.
1. Christ's resurrection body is a transformation and transfiguration of His pre-resurrection body. There is both change and recognizable continuity (1 Cor. 15:35–41). The disciples saw the nail prints in His hands. Likewise, the new heaven and new earth of Revelation 21:1 do not mean starting over from scratch, but involve a kind of "resurrection" or transfiguration of the present creation.
2. God will eliminate not only sin but all the effects of the Fall (Rom. 8:21; Rev. 21:4).
3. God will bring the original creation of Genesis 1 to its consummation, rather than simply returning us to Adam's pre-fall state.
4. Since Christ's resurrection body can be seen and touched (Luke 24:39), the new creation also includes a real physical aspect. Unlike Platonism, the Bible sees the physical aspect as a good creation of God, rather than something to be despised or thrown off in order to be "pure."
5. Our resurrection does not remove us from contact with a larger creation, but is in harmony with the transfiguration of creation as a whole, a transfiguration that brings both us and the lower creation into a new, glorified world.
6. The glory of God will be displayed magnificently in the new creation, in a way analogous to the glory of Christ's resurrection body and the glory of our resurrection bodies in the image of Christ. All of these serve the glory and praise of God (Rom. 8:18, 30; Eph. 1:10, 14; Rev. 21:23).


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"For example, one participant (it's really difficult to call her a "victim," since she profited, as well) was dying from stomach cancer when she "saw a flier from what appeared to be a Catholic charity, says her husband, Dan. Mr. Bulpitt says the family of four was on food stamps after he quit his auto-dealership job to care for his wife." She and her family received some $8,000 for her participation."
The take-away here is that someone other than the annuitant apparently owned and paid for the contract. As we noted at the time, the whole plan was predicated on circumventing the principle of "insurable interest." As with Stranger Owned Life Insurance (STOLI), these plans have come under fire by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners, who recently "formed a new working group to evaluate next steps on a model bulletin designed to help regulators deal with the practice of stranger-originated annuity transactions (STOA)."
The NAIC is looking for ways to put the kibosh on these kinds of schemes, which cost the carriers - and, ultimately its policyowners and stakeholders - big bucks. Their first move has been to "[urge] insurers to conduct due diligence with detection methods." They could start, as we noted in February, by "[seeking] information about the buyer's relationship to this annuitant."
Of course, this presumes a certain intelligence on the part of Home Office Critters.
No comment.


text:
Bishop of London and third Archbishop of Canterbury, d. 24 April, 624. He was the leader of the second band of missionaries whom St. Gregory sent from Rome to join St. Augustine at Canterbury in 601. Venerable Bede (Hist. Eccl., II, vii) describes him as of noble birth, and as he is styled abbot by the pope (Epp. Gregorii, xi, 54, 59), it is thought he may have been Abbot of the Monastery of St. Andrew on the Coelian Hill, to which both St. Gregory and St. Augustine belonged. Several commendatory epistles of the pope recommending Mellitus and his companions to various Gallic bishops have been preserved (Epp., xi, 54-62). With the band he sent also "all things needed for divine worship and the Church's service, viz. sacred vessels and altar cloths, vestments for priests and clerics, and also relics of the holy apostles and martyrs, with many books" (Bede, "Hist. Eccl.", I, 29).
The consecration of Mellitus as bishop by Augustine took place soon after his arrival in England, and his first missionary efforts were among the East Saxons. Their king was Sabert, nephew to Ethelbert, King of Kent, and by his support, Mellitus was able to establish his see in London, the East Saxon capital, and build there the church of St. Paul. On the death of Sabert his sons, who had refused Christianity, gave permission to their people to worship idols once more. Moreover, on seeing Mellitus celebrating Mass one day, the young princes demanded that he should give them also the white bread which he had been wont to give their father. When the saint answered them that this was impossible until they had received Christian baptism, he was banished from the kingdom. Mellitus went to Kent, where similar difficulties had ensued upon the death of Ethelbert, and thence retired to Gaul about the year 616.
After an absence of about a year, Mellitus was recalled to Kent by Laurentius, Augustine's successor in the See of Canterbury. Matters had improved in that kingdom owing to the conversion of the new king Eadbald, but Mellitus was never able to regain possession of his own See of London. In 619, Laurentius died, and Mellitus was chosen archbishop in his stead. He appears never to have received the pallium, though he retained the see for five years-a fact which may account for his not consecrating any bishops. During this time, he suffered constantly from ill-health. He consecrated a church to the Blessed Mother of God in the monastery of SS. Peter and Paul at Canterbury, and legend attributes to him the foundation of the Abbey of St. Peter at Westminster, but this is almost certainly incorrect. Among the many miracles recorded of him is the quelling of a great fire at Canterbury which threatened to destroy the entire city. The saint, although too ill to move, had himself carried to the spot where the fire was raging and, in answer to his prayer, a strong wind arose which bore the flames southwards away from the city. Mellitus was buried in the monastery of SS. Peter and Paul, afterwards St. Augustine's, Canterbury. Some relics of the saint were preserved in London in 1298. The most reliable account of his life is that given by Bede in "Hist. Eccl.", I, 29, 30; II, 3-7. Elmham in his "Historia Monasterii S. Augustini Cantuar.", edited by Hardwick, gives many additional details, but the authenticity of these is more than questionable. His feast is observed on April 24.
BEDE, Hist. Eccl., I, xxix, xxx; II, iii-vii, in P.L., XCV; Acta SS., April, III, 280; BARONIUS, Ann. Eccl. (Rome, 1599), ad an. 624; CAPGRAVE, Nova legenda Angliae (London, 1516), 228; HADDON AND STUBBS, Councils and Eccl. Documents relating to Great Britain, III (Oxford, 1871), 62-71; HARDY, Descriptive catalogue of MSS. relating to the history of Great Britain and Ireland, I (Rolls Series, London, 1862), i, 219-220; MABILLON, Acta Sanctorum Bened. (Paris, 1669), II, 90-94; STANTON, Menology of England and Wales (London, 1887), 178; CHALLONER, Britannia Sancta, I (London, 1745), 255-258.
APA citation. (1911). St. Mellitus. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10168b.htm
MLA citation. "St. Mellitus." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 10. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10168b.htm>.
Transcription. This article was transcribed for New Advent by Kenneth M. Caldwell. Dedicated to the memory of Most Rev. John R. Keating, Bishop of Arlington.
Ecclesiastical approbation. Nihil Obstat. October 1, 1911. Remy Lafort, S.T.D., Censor. Imprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York.
Contact information. The editor of New Advent is Kevin Knight. My email address is webmaster at newadvent.org. Regrettably, I can't reply to every letter, but I greatly appreciate your feedback — especially notifications about typographical errors and inappropriate ads.


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