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Texts for Teaching the Process of Science
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General Science
The Process of Science
A. Carpi and A.E. Egger
Intended audience: Undergraduates, advanced high school, and their teachers
URL: https://www.visionlearning.com/en/library/Process-of-Science/49/The-Process-of-Science/176
This series of modules, freely available on the web in English and Spanish, addresses several aspects of the process of science in detail using examples from different disciplines. The modules are grouped by topics: Scientific research methods including an introduction to research practice, experimentation, description, modeling, and comparison; Data including how data is analyzed and interpreted, visualizing data, why statistics are used on data, and the meaning of error and uncertainty; Scientific communication including how to read journal articles, why we use peer review, how scientists utilize the scientific literature, and what goes on at scientific meetings; Ideas in science including theories, hypotheses, and laws, and what is involved in scientific controversy; The scientific community including scientists, professional societies and institutions, and scientific ethics. Each module can stand alone but they can also be read in conjunction with modules about scientific knowledge. Each module also includes at least one in-depth example of the process at work.
Process of Science Used or Emphasized within the Text
The key concepts in the process of science addressed in these texts are as follows:
- Science is a process of investigation into the natural world and the knowledge generated through that process.
- Scientists use multiple research methods to study the natural world.
- Data collected through scientific research must be analyzed and interpreted to be used as evidence.
- Scientific theories are testable explanations supported by multiple lines of evidence.
- Scientific knowledge evolves with new evidence and perspectives.
- Science benefits from the creativity curiosity diversity and diligence of individuals.
- Science is subject to human bias and error.
- The community of science engages in debate and mitigates human errors.
- Uncertainty is inherent in nature but scientists work to minimize and quantify it in data collection and analysis.
- Scientists value open and honest communication in reporting research.
- Science both influences and is influenced by the societies and cultures in which it operates.
- Science is valuable to individuals and to society.
The Process of Science: Module VIII - Scientific Ethics
A. Carpi and A.E. Egger
Intended audience: Undergraduate and above
URL: http://www.visionlearning.com/library/module_viewer.php?mid=161&l=
The online text Process of Science: Scientific Ethics is one of twenty-four modules offered by Visionlearning on teaching the process of science. Ethics in science span a wide range of topics from ethical conduct to ethical treatment of animals to ethical standards and more, and the authors do a nice job on touching on the full spectrum. They also talk about the difference between ethical mistakes and ethical misconduct, which is an important point to realize - basically the difference between knowingly committing an ethical breach versus making an honest mistake. The module is concise and has a few main sections with real-life examples of ethical mistakes and misconduct. The section on ethical conduct regarding everyday decisions in science is appreciated as it is an aspect of science and mentoring that is often forgotten or ignored. Overall this module is informative and supplies crucial information for the broader topic of teaching the process of science.
Process of Science Used or Emphasized within the Text
This module is an important part of teaching the process of science and should certainly be incorporated into introductory courses.
Science as Storytelling
B.R. Bickmore and D.A. Grandy
Intended audience: Undergraduates
URL: http://serc.carleton.edu/teacherprep/resources/activities/storytelling.html
Science is difficult to define, but here we explain it as the art of creating stories that are useful for predicting (and possibly controlling) nature. To make their stories useful for this purpose, scientists have developed certain rules that stories must generally follow to be considered scientific. These rules involve the reproducibility of observations, predictive power, prospects for improvement, naturalism, uniformitarianism, and other considerations.
Process of Science Used or Emphasized within the Text
Science is the modern art of creating stories that explain observations of the natural world and that could be useful for predicting and possibly even controlling nature.
A Short History of Nearly Everything
B. Bryson
Intended audience: Lay public
Broadway Publishing
Bill Bryson's approach is to tell the interesting stories behind a wide variety of major scientific discoveries. He covers a lot of ground in an engaging and funny way and portrays scientists as human beings with their own foibles. While there is very little scientific content in the book, it is an effective hook to get students interested in the process of science, and inevitably the interest in the scientific content has followed.
Process of Science Used or Emphasized within the Text
See above description.
What is This Thing Called Science
A.F. Chalmers
Intended audience: Undergraduates, Graduate students
Hackett Publishing Company Inc.
Chalmers presents a variety of philosophical perspectives on the epistemological nature of scientific knowledge. He begins with several historically important perspectives: an inductivist perspective, then falsificationism as developed by Popper, followed by an examination of the perspectives of Kuhn, Lakatos, and Feyerabend. For each perspective he summarizes the essential aspects concerning the nature of scientific knowledge and its validation, followed by a criticism of each. These perspectives make up 10 of the book's 15 chapters. The remaining chapters examine more contemporary philosophical viewpoints.
Process of Science Used or Emphasized within the Text
Chalmers examines how different philosophers/scientists have described the processes involved in the generation and validation of scientific knowledge. He addresses the role of empirical observations theories and laws logic and cultural and sociological factors in the development of scientific ideas.
Can Science Win Over Climate Change Skeptics?
M. J. Dougherty
Intended audience: Educators, General public
URL (unavailable)
Explaining global warming is complex, making it harder to argue against climate change skeptics. Teaching the nature of science may be a better way to help students and the public understand that climate change is real, highlight the benefits from climate change awareness, and provide concise direct answers to critics of climate change hypotheses.
Process of Science Used or Emphasized within the Text
This article provides suggestions for teachers who may be challenged by students. The author explains that science leads to scientific knowledge that is tentative and incomplete but consensus develops around well-supported hypotheses, which generally become stronger over time. Science operates within a framework of methodological naturalism - that is, explanations of observable phenomena are limited to the natural world (i.e. no magic allowed). Science is idealized often, but two of its characteristics are crucial here: replicability (i.e. using well-accepted experimental systems and procedures) and peer review and publication. For issues where substantial consensus exists such as global warming, HIV as the cause of AIDS, and evolution, we may rely on the nature of science itself to bolster our confidence in the consensus view.
A New Model for Inquiry: Is the Scientific Method Dead?
W.S. Harwood
Intended audience: Science educators
Journal of College Science Teaching
In the author's words, the activity model provides a richer description of the process of scientific inquiry but continues to describe a single approach to doing science. I believe that this model will help science teachers and science teacher educators in framing inquiry teaching and learning. Students and teachers of science may wrongly assume that doing experiments is the only time when they are doing science.
Process of Science Used or Emphasized within the Text
The process of scientific inquiry is emphasized in this article.
The State of Science Education: Subject Matter Without Context
N.G. Lederman
Intended audience: Science educators
The Electronic Journal of Science Education 32 1998
The ability to use scientific knowledge to make informed personal and societal decisions is the essence of what contemporary science educators and reform documents define as scientific literacy. Using this platform, Lederman critiques recent reform visions that intend to help students develop adequate conceptions of the nature of science (NOS) and scientific inquiry. The article enumerates aspects of a definition of Nature of Science: understanding the distinction between observation and inference, understanding the distinction between laws and theories, that scientific knowledge involves human imagination and creativity, that scientific knowledge is subjective, that science is practiced in a larger societal context, that scientific knowledge is never absolute, and that scientific processes (collecting and analyzing data, drawing conclusions, observing, and inferring) are different from the nature of science that refers to the epistemological underpinnings of the activities of science. Lederman also defines scientific inquiry.
Process of Science Used or Emphasized within the Text
The nature of science involves how individuals conceptualize scientific knowledge and the process of scientific inquiry. An accurate view notices the process of making observations and building explanatory theories to explain those observations. Such explanations are prone to change as new evidence emerges. Structures such as atoms are theoretical structures, not direct observations. Scientific questions arise due to the current models and areas of high interest. Thus human history has an influence over the emerging scientific knowledge. Historically science education tried to convey the nature of science through indirect methods. Educators hoped students would glean the scientific process through performing experiments and learning about the history of science. Lederman, however, advocates directly teaching students about the nature of science. He also strongly objects to the teaching of the Scientific Method as this causes misconceptions of student understanding of scientific inquiry. They believe scientists follow the same steps for every experiment when really there are many different types of scientific inquiry and these arise from different scenarios. Other misconceptions include believing theories grow into laws when validated enough. This is certainly not the case as laws are mathematical relationships and theories are explanations of observations. Clarifying public understanding of the nature of science starts with making sure educators would serve well to improve public understanding.
Nature of Science and the Scientific Method
C.V. McLelland
Intended audience: Undergraduate educators
Geological Society of America
This short, free publication from the Geological Society of America gives an overview of the scientific method and how it is used. The emphasis of the document is on describing the scientific method as a flexible process that involves critical thinking rather than a series of steps that must be followed. Examples from the Earth sciences are used to illustrate the scientific method. The article includes a helpful one-page list of Talking Points about Science that gives an overview of the nature of science and ideas about how to address questions related to evolution creationism and intelligent design. This page seems especially useful for instructors of any level of science.
Process of Science Used or Emphasized within the Text
Understanding of the scientific method is emphasized in this publication.
Integrated Coordinated Science
M. Smith, J.B. Southard, A. Einsenkraft, G. Freebury, R. Ritter, and R. Demery
Intended audience: High school
It's About Time
This text provides students with an introduction to the four major areas of science: Biology, Chemistry, Earth Science, and Physics. The text provides exposure to various real-life applications and leads the students to think like a scientist as they attempt to deduce related science principles by conducting research or laboratory investigations.
Process of Science Used or Emphasized within the Text
The process of science is not explicitly explained in this text. Students are told that they can do any science and the reason why is due to the textbook features. The features will help them learn science and how it works in their everyday lives. The features are listed in the order they presented for each investigation: Scenario, Challenge, Criteria, Goals, What Do You Already Know, Investigate, Reading Sections, Reflecting on the Activity, and the Challenge Science to Go Inquiring Further, Chapter Assessment, Science at Work.
Understanding Science
The University of California Museum of Paleontology
Intended audience: Students in K - 16 and teachers of those grade levels
URL: http://undsci.berkeley.edu/index.php
University of California Museum of Paleontology
This is a website is a free resource available to teachers to use in their classrooms with students to help teach the process of science and improve understanding of various science topics.
Process of Science Used or Emphasized within the Text
Users are introduced to science via a link called Science 101 where science is defined by clarifying what it is and what it is not. There is a specific link titled the nuts and bolts of the process of science. This link leads the user to a write up of how science works and explains that the scientific method is too linear and simple for real science. The user can then go on to another link titled The real process of science which is presented using a complex graphic organizer that breaks down the process in terms of Exploration and Discovery, Testing Ideas, Benefits and Outcomes, and Community Analysis and feedback. These sections break down the process of science even further. The website also provides teachers the opportunity to find lesson plans related to the process of science or specific topics including 125 Questions: What We Don't Know, Who Pays for Science, Misconceptions, and I don't Know What to Believe.
Understanding Science 101
The University of California Museum of Paleontology
Intended audience: Teachers, pre-service teachers, and undergraduates
URL: http://undsci.berkeley.edu/article/0_0_0/us101contents_01
The University of California Museum of Paleontology Berkeley and the Regents of the University of California
This is a free online primer on the nature and process of science. It covers what science is and is not, how science works, the structure of scientific arguments, the role of the scientific community, how society and science mutually influence one another, and how we can use an understanding of the process of science in our everyday lives. Of special importance is the science checklist, which emphasizes the set of key characteristics that make science different from other human endeavors and the science flowchart which more accurately reflects the process of science.
Process of Science Used or Emphasized within the Text
The authors emphasize that, unlike the scientific method, the real process of science is iterative and dynamic--and is not predetermined.
Discovering Astronomy 5th edition currently being revised for 6th edition
S.J. Shawl, K.M. Ashman, and B. Hufnagel
Intended audience: Undergraduates
Chapter 2 of this textbook is titled Science and Pseudoscience. Basically the chapter describes science as a process. That process is emphasized in a subsection titled Astronomy as a process and a major section titled Science as a Process. Specific examples are given: The face on Mars and the Martian meteorite and life. One way the process is emphasized is by means of a knowledge filter that shows how scientific information moves from initial ideas to inclusion in textbooks as accepted knowledge. The second half of the chapter contrasts the processes of science with those of pseudoscience. In that comparison it looks at science as a game in which there are specified rules that need to be followed asking if a hypothesis is at risk meaning that it could in principle be falsified giving simple answers to complex questions playing on fear and emotion and publication of ideas.
Process of Science Used or Emphasized within the Text
See above description.
The Nature of Life: Readings in Biology
Edited by N. Carr, J. Coulson, M. Levine, G. Schoepfel, D. Whitfield, and M. Stefanski
Intended audience: High school and undergraduates
The Great Books Foundation 2001
This anthology is composed of scientists writing about their own work and discoveries, from the ancient Greeks through the current work of E.O. Wilson and Lynn Margulis. Included are Gregor Mendel describing patterns of inheritance on plants, Charles Darwin explaining the mechanism of natural selection, James Watson detailing his co-discovery of the structure of DNA, and Margulis reconstructing the conditions under which life came into being. Biographical information is included with each author's selection and guiding questions follow the selections.
Process of Science Used or Emphasized within the Text
As stated in the Introduction, "Each of the volume's selections exemplifies the disciplined curiosity that informs the scientific process, and students are urged to consider their reading and discussions an experimental voyage: just as scientists form a hypothesis, test it, and reconsider it, you will read question and develop your own understanding about major issues in biology. We hope that your encounters with these writers will inspire a lifelong interest in the questions that remain to be answered or that must be asked anew."
Learning the Nature of Science
Susan Musante
Intended audience: Undergraduate introductory biology educators
URL: https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/55/10/833/274337
The BioScience journal
The article uses interviews with introductory biology educators to show that it is essential that students understand how science is distinct from religious, cultural, philosophical, or other ways in which we address questions about the world, and how educators can help students hone their thinking skills to so they can make informed decisions about matters that affect not only their own personal lives, but all living things.
Process of Science Used or Emphasized within the Text
The undergraduate introductory biology classroom can reinforce and extend the NSES concepts of science as a human endeavor and the nature of scientific knowledge and gain historical perspectives taught in elementary and secondary schools.
The Structure of DNA: Cooperation and Competition
The University of California Museum of Paleontology
Intended audience: Teachers, pre-service teachers, and undergraduates
URL: http://undsci.berkeley.edu/article/dna_01
The University of California Museum of Paleontology Berkeley and the Regents of the University of California
The text tells in a new way the story of the discovery of DNA's structure. It emphasizes the role that the whole scientific community - not just Watson, Crick, Wilkins, and Franklin - played in contributing evidence and background understanding that made the breakthrough possible. The story begins by reviewing what was known about DNA before the four major players came onto the scene follows the ins and outs of their investigations highlights how they shared information with one another and got information from the rest of the community and ends with a reflection on how the major players behaved or did not behave in ways that contribute to scientific progress.
Process of Science Used or Emphasized within the Text
The text emphasizes that science can test hypotheses about things that are too small for us to observe directly, that science relies on communication within a diverse scientific community, that scientists are expected to give credit where credit is due, and that scientific discoveries lead to ongoing research.
Earth Science
Essentials of Geology
S. Chernicoff and H. Fox
Intended audience: Undergraduate
Essentials of Geology is an introductory geology textbook with 19 chapters divided into three sections: Forming the Earth, Shaping the Earth's Crust, and Sculpting the Earth's Surface. Chapters include numerous color photos and diagrams and "Highlights" that go into depth on topics likely to be of popular interest to students. At the end of each chapter is a helpful summary of main points with vocabulary words in bold, along with review questions and active-learning suggestions. A notable aspect of this text is the inclusion of "Geology at a Glance" diagrams in each chapter, which graphically represent the chapter's fundamental concepts and their interrelationships.
Process of Science Used or Emphasized within the Text
Chapter 1 includes a description of the scientific method and its particular applications in geology. Following this, the authors briefly discuss some specific geological concepts and the history of their discovery. Many chapters describe some ways in which geologists figure out the processes and principles explained in the chapter either at the beginning or later in the chapter. Such discussions are not prominently featured within the chapters, which primarily address geological content.
Principles of Environmental Geochemistry
G. Nelson Eby
Intended audience: Upper level undergraduate
Thomson: Brooks/Cole
The text Principals of Environmental Geochemistry, written by Nelson Eby, is a comprehensive resource covering all aspects of environmental geochemistry. It provides a very complete treatment of aqueous geochemistry and focuses on quantitative problem solving with numerous homework problems/questions in each chapter and case studies scattered throughout. Material covered in the first four chapters provides the theoretical basis upon which many examples case studies and problem sets in the following chapters are based. This text is not for an introductory course but more likely an upper level undergraduate or graduate course. The strength of this text is certainly its quantitative problem solving leanings and review questions at the end of each chapter. If you are looking for a visually stimulating or intriguing introductory geochemistry book this is not the text for you. But it would be a nice resource to have on the shelf and something I imagine would be referred to often.
Process of Science Used or Emphasized within the Text
It does not specifically focus any of its pages on the process of science however the author clearly values the idea of building the basic concepts of science and in this case geochemistry. The most obvious embrace of teaching the process of science is the way this text focuses on the quantitative skills involved in problem solving. The author stresses the important of applying the basic skills to a variety of questions and topics. The text is laid out in a way that allows the reader or student to do this as they use the basic concepts of environmental geochemistry to investigate and understand different environments and disciplines.
The Good Earth: Introduction to Earth Science
D. McConnell, D. Steer, C. Knight, K. Owens and L. Park
Intended audience: Undergraduate
McGraw Hill
This is an introductory Earth science text. It covers the usual topics Earth in space plate tectonic materials volcanoes earthquakes geologic time weathering and landslides atmosphere and ocean surface and ground water weather and climate. I wish it also had earth resources and rock deformation. The book was written as a collaboration between geoscientists and science educators. It includes a number of more innovative ways to help students organize and evaluate the science content such as discussion of scientific process concept maps Venn diagrams rubrics and others. It also introduces many examples of the relevance of geosciences to human interactions with the earth hopefully building a context for scientific literacy. As I will be using this text in a large-enrollment introductory course for largely non-majors I am hoping this approach will help to enhance their interest in geosciences. Although students will be given opportunities to interact with each other in class their individual interaction with me is limited in such a setting and using a text that supports the students in assessing their own learning through the various Checkpoints will hopefully increase their success in the course.
Process of Science Used or Emphasized within the Text
This is an introductory Earth Science text and covers the usual range of topics for such a course. The first chapter introduces science as a process of discovery. It does discuss inductive and deductive reasoning and the relationship between observations, hypotheses, and theories, but I feel that it doesn't oversimplify the process of science. The chapter goes on to discuss what characterizes good and bad science and gives examples of each. I think this first chapter provides a good introduction but what I really like about the text is that these concepts actually reappear in subsequent chapters. In several instances students are asked to identify elements of scientific process in a description of a study of discovery. Students are asked to design questions for a scientific study, and in several instances the student is asked to read a article of several paragraphs and answer questions regarding the observations evidence hypotheses and/or predictions in a scientific study. The disconnect between the scientific development of the geologic time scale and the some creationists view of the age/evolution of the earth is discussed in the chapter on geologic time summary. Students are asked to analyze data and observations to assess risk. This provides experience with a form of scientific analysis.


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Crystal Stilts
SLR 126 » released October 2010
formats » 7"
status » out-of-print
Crystal Stilts burst out of Brooklyn's storied post-punk indie scene in 2008 with a string of releases that culminated in their fantastic debut album Alight Of Night. Deftly combining the spooked 60s Texas psych of 13th Floor Elevators and Red Crayola, the gothic blues/punk howl of Gun Club, the dark, experimental DIYism of early Flying Nun/Xpressway groups and a dash of classic 60s pop by way of early Mary Chain b-sides, Alight Of Night won universal accolades and established the band as first-class purveyors of haunting, atmospheric post-punk pop.
Spring 2009 saw them follow-up with the excellent 7" single of "Love Is A Wave," a live favorite that was backed with the twangy classicism of "Sugar Baby." The band toured the US and Europe, releasing Alight Of Night in the UK to yet more accolades. All the while they were writing new tunes, experimenting with new sounds and planning their next moves.
"Shake The Shackles" is Crystal Stilts' first release since "Love Is A Wave" and is a great snapshot of where the band is now and a taster for their second album, due in early 2011. Driven by echoed guitar strum and droning keys, it's a dexterous update of 60s garage pop that places it alongside late 80s Paisley Underground heroes like Green On Red and later Dream Syndicate, but the song itself is totally timeless, and impossible to place anywhere but firmly in Crystal Stilts' own unique style. On the flip they go darker with the twilight swing of "Magnetic Moon," a bluesy chug that comes on like some lost swamp pop classic, all echo, guitar twang and simple tom 'n' tambourine beat. Great stuff, and exclusive to this single.
Sorry, the white vinyl pressing is SOLD OUT.
« show reviews of Shake The Shackles

subset: commoncrawl


text: The Book of Mormon follows two young missionaries who are sent to Uganda to try to convert citizens to the Mormon religion. One missionary, Elder Price, is an enthusiastic go-getter with a strong dedication to his faith, while his partner, Elder Cunningham, is a socially awkward but well meaning nerd whose tendency to embroider the truth soon lands him in trouble. Upon their arrival in Africa, Elders Price and Cunningham learn that in a society plagued by AIDS, poverty and violence, a successful mission may not be as easy as they expected.


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The mountain rescue service is always looking for new rescue workers. If you are interested in volunteering at a mountain rescue station, we recommend that you consider the following:
• Clarify beforehand with both yourself and your family how much time you can devote to your voluntary commitments!
• Is it possible in terms of work and family to spend time on the necessary courses and assignments?
• Do you live in the immediate vicinity of the rescue service?
• Are you willing to invest your work and time in a voluntary capacity?
• Are you ready to leave everything behind in order to respond to a call?
• Are you physically and mentally capable of helping people in need?
Our requirements for mountain rescue workers:
• You must be at least 18 years of age.
• You must live in the immediate vicinity of the rescue service.
• You must be a member of the South Tyrol Alpine Association and:
• An active mountain climber
• Experienced in rock, ice and ski mountain climbing
• In good condition and health
• Your work allows you to be made available for rescue assignments and rescue courses
• You are willing to volunteer
The South Tyrol Alpine Association mountain rescue training is one of the most comprehensive training courses in the South Tyrol rescue service. Good basic Alpine knowledge is a prerequisite. In addition to training, which all applicants can benefit from privately, rescue operations and exercises are however conducted at the applicant's home mountain rescue station. The AVS mountain rescue service assumes the responsibility for rescuing injured persons in the Alpine terrain. When entering the mountain rescue service, please consider that the association can only fulfill this task if each individual contributes their share. Some leisure time will need to be sacrificed, but good teamwork and fellowship forms the basis of our association.
In the event that you are interested in joining us, please contact your local rescue station


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Updated September 16, 2021 at 8:24 PM ET
Early Tuesday morning, Melissa Breyer set out to do her usual volunteer work — collecting the bodies of migratory birds who had died colliding with skyscrapers in downtown Manhattan.
That morning was much worse than usual. In just over an hour, Breyer picked 226 tiny, lifeless bodies off the sidewalks around the World Trade Center. Another 35 had died but fallen onto inaccessible awnings. Thirty were still alive in need of veterinary aid and were transferred to the care of a wild bird rehabilitation center.
"When you have 226 dead window-struck migratory birds from one morning, it's hard to get them all in one photo," she wrote on Twitter, with a picture showing dozens of birds, many of them warblers, in all shades of yellow, brown and grey.
"Lights can be turned off, windows can be treated. Please do something," she pleaded.
In New York City, between 90,000 and 230,000 birds are killedeach year when they collide with building glass, according to research by NYC Audubon, the group that runs "Project Safe Flight," the volunteer operation Breyer participated in.
Nationwide, a study from 2019 found that the number of bird deaths caused by building collisions could be as high as one billion.
Fatal collisions spike twice a year during migration seasons, when birds migrate through big cities on their way to and from their winter habitats in Central and South America.
"Birds are driven off course by light pollution. They're often attracted to bright city lights," said Sirena Lao, a researcher at the San Francisco Bird Observatory, speaking to NPR earlier this year. "So birds will veer off course and fly towards these cities, which leads them to even more hazards."
As a result, wildlife advocates have long advocated for dimming unnecessary lights during migratory seasons — a call that has been renewed this week by bird groups in New York after Tuesday's mass die-off.
Wild Bird Fund, a rehabilitation center based in New York, received more than 70 injured birds on Tuesday, including the ones collected by Breyer.
"There is an easy measure that could be implemented today to reduce the staggering bird mortality happening across our city: Turn off all unnecessary lighting, from 11PM-6AM through Nov. 16," the group tweeted.
The World Trade Center responded to Breyer's tweets, thanking her for bringing the issue to the facility's attention.
"We are actively encouraging our office tenants to turn off their lights at night and lower their blinds wherever possible and are investigating additional precautions," the company wrote.
Jordan Barowitz, a spokesperson for the Durst Organization, co-developer of One World Trade Center, told The Associated Press in an email, "The first 200 feet of One WTC are encased in glass fins that are non-reflective. This design was chosen because it greatly reduces bird strikes which mostly occur below 200 feet and are frequently caused by reflective glass."
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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Swarm robots can learn by simply observing
- Date:
- August 30, 2016
- Source:
- University of Sheffield
- Summary:
- It is now possible for machines to learn how natural or artificial systems work by simply observing them, without being told what to look for, according to researchers.
- Share:
It is now possible for machines to learn how natural or artificial systems work by simply observing them, without being told what to look for, according to researchers at the University of Sheffield.
This could mean advances in the world of technology with machines able to predict, among other things, human behaviour.
The discovery takes inspiration from the work of pioneering computer scientist Alan Turing, who proposed a test, which a machine could pass if it behaved indistinguishably from a human. In this test, an interrogator exchanges messages with two players in a different room: one human, the other a machine.
The interrogator has to find out which of the two players is human. If they consistently fail to do so -- meaning that they are no more successful than if they had chosen one player at random -- the machine has passed the test, and is considered to have human-level intelligence.
Dr Roderich Gross from the Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering at the University of Sheffield, said: "Our study uses the Turing test to reveal how a given system -- not necessarily a human -- works. In our case, we put a swarm of robots under surveillance and wanted to find out which rules caused their movements. To do so, we put a second swarm -- made of learning robots -- under surveillance too. The movements of all the robots were recorded, and the motion data shown to interrogators."
He added: "Unlike in the original Turing test, however, our interrogators are not human but rather computer programs that learn by themselves. Their task is to distinguish between robots from either swarm. They are rewarded for correctly categorising the motion data from the original swarm as genuine, and those from the other swarm as counterfeit. The learning robots that succeed in fooling an interrogator -- making it believe their motion data were genuine -- receive a reward."
Dr Gross explained the advantage of the approach, called 'Turing Learning', is that humans no longer need to tell machines what to look for.
"Imagine you want a robot to paint like Picasso. Conventional machine learning algorithms would rate the robot's paintings for how closely they resembled a Picasso. But someone would have to tell the algorithms what is considered similar to a Picasso to begin with. Turing Learning does not require such prior knowledge. It would simply reward the robot if it painted something that was considered genuine by the interrogators. Turing Learning would simultaneously learn how to interrogate and how to paint."
Dr Gross said he believed Turing Learning could lead to advances in science and technology.
"Scientists could use it to discover the rules governing natural or artificial systems, especially where behaviour cannot be easily characterised using similarity metrics," he said.
"Computer games, for example, could gain in realism as virtual players could observe and assume characteristic traits of their human counterparts. They would not simply copy the observed behaviour, but rather reveal what makes human players distinctive from the rest."
The discovery could also be used to create algorithms that detect abnormalities in behaviour. This could prove useful for the health monitoring of livestock and for the preventive maintenance of machines, cars and airplanes.
Turing Learning could also be used in security applications, such as for lie detection or online identity verification.
So far, Dr Gross and his team have tested Turing Learning in robot swarms but the next step is to reveal the workings of some animal collectives such as schools of fish or colonies of bees. This could lead to a better understanding of what factors influence the behaviour of these animals, and eventually inform policy for their protection.
Story Source:
Materials provided by University of Sheffield. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.
Journal Reference:
- Wei Li, Melvin Gauci, Roderich Gro�. Turing learning: a metric-free approach to inferring behavior and its application to swarms. Swarm Intelligence, 2016; DOI: 10.1007/s11721-016-0126-1
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Aroma of freshness as if you came out of the shower.
Rich body butter with organic olive oil, Vitamin E, without parabens, propylene glycol and paraffin oil and with the smell of your favorite aroma. You can combine it with the corresponding shower gel and the corresponding perfume spray.
Body butter is viscous for this and resembles edible butter. In terms of composition, it is a mixture of oils and butters, without any water. These butters are oily and mineral elements that differ in texture, stiffness and absorbency. Body butters are mainly recommended for night use, so that the skin has all the necessary time to absorb their nutrients. Something we almost all forget is that it is not only in summer that our body needs hydration but even more so in winter.
Packaging: 200ml


text: MOBILE HOME ZONING – ABSOLUTELY VERY BEST PRICE IN DELAND Bring your manufactured or mobile home to this BIG lot-just under 1/4 acre! Paved Road and with trees this is a hard to find lot zoned for mobile home use. Located in North Deland off Hwy 11 convenient location and nice neighborhood. Owner says it is time to sell and is the only lot for sale in the neighborhood. 75′ along the road and 135′ deep this is a nice size parcel.


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What to Expect at a Veterinary Appointment
Knowing what to expect at your first appointment will help make the process more pleasant for both you and your pet.
Get Settled
Please arrive approximately 10 minutes early to fill out our New Patient Form. To save a bit of time, you can complete the New Patient Form online in advance.
Meet Your Veterinarian
A member of our team will review your pet's history and discuss any concerns you have. We allow ample time for you to ask any questions you might have.
Examination, Diagnosis & Treatment
Once your pet has been assessed, we will provide you with a diagnosis and options for treatment. Your veterinarian will work with you to determine a treatment plan for your pet.
After your visit, we will create a detailed report of our diagnosis, the discussion we had with you, and your pet's treatment plan. We will keep this information on hand for whenever you need it.
Our Pet Care Philosophy
We proudly serve pet owners in Norristown, Eagleville, Collegeville, and East Norriton, and beyond. We are dedicated to providing state-of-the-art veterinary services to you and your pet with care and compassion.
We are passionate about preventative care, client education, and providing comprehensive routine and emergency care for cats and dogs.
Hospital FAQs
Learn more about our office policies, payment options, and appointment booking by reading through our hospital FAQs.
- What types of payment options are available?
Payment in full is expected at the time services are provided or upon discharge of your pet. We accept payment by cash, check, Visa, MasterCard, Discover, and American Express.
- Are there payment plans available for my pet's care?
We are proud to offer CareCredit and Scratchpay as financing options. They offer easy application processes that will give you results in minutes.
- Will I be provided with an estimate of costs?
We will provide a good-faith estimate of the cost of our services prior to treating your pet. However, unforeseen circumstances may arise that impact your final bill.
We will always discuss our written estimate with all clients before they leave our facility, and require a deposit based on our estimate prior to any further treatment.
- Should I call ahead to book an appointment?
Yes, please call ahead to book an appointment to ensure we have room in our schedule to see your pet.
In the event that your pet needs emergency care during our regular business hours, please contact us right away.
- What is your appointment cancellation policy?
If you need to cancel or reschedule an appointment, please let us know as soon as possible so that we can offer the space in our schedule to other clients.
A missed office call fee may be charged for last minute cancellations or no-shows.
- What types of animals do you treat?
We primarily take care of cats and dogs. We also have one veterinarian on staff, Dr. St. John, who also sees small mammals.
- Where can I purchase my pet's prescription and food?
You can purchase all the medications and specialty food your pet needs either via our online store or our in-house pharmacy.
- What are the fees associated with an emergency visit?
A deposit payment is required for all emergency examinations. Once the staff and doctors have examined your pet, an estimate for treatment will be given to you.
If further hospitalization, diagnostics, or surgery are required, a deposit is required up front, with payment in full due when your pet is discharged.
- Can you help with my pet insurance?
We're happy to help you fill out pet insurance forms for your pet's visit.
Pet Owner Resources
Here are some helpful links for your pet's health.
Financing Options
Get financing with CareCredit or Scratchpay quickly and easily.


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Top 5 Benefits Of Wine Within The Month Clubs
Socializing are a few things you can merely lose the hang of once you age. It can be all challenging to maintain with as well as family acquaintances nevertheless, you should make the effort to do it properly to be a way of looking after yourself, really like stay on the know for the best wine club. Your propensity for depression increases as one enters the twilight of your life, and complications might result from becoming lonely with your later a long time.
Easy don't you find it? You will recover faster, your body will be loaded with antioxidants, you will dilute the lactic acid produced by the intense exercise and you will feel sensational. And the smartest thing is, individuals all 5 of the above exercise categories can gain green juice and coconut water.
Step 1 : Starting with the drive, don't just walk to around the tee box, look down the fairway and swing as hard as achievable. You want to analyze how you will see that looks. Anyone have bends around 180, you might not need your driver, you may decide to hit a fairway wood or a low iron just to punch versus each other there help make the lace. You don't know how many beginners think they can smash it over trees or draw it. Play smart and conservative.
Quick Money Blueprints. Here is the fast track to use clickbank to make very quickly using various online strategies. This is for those who to help jump in and start making money from day Drink Club a single one.
The whole dance floor pick up is a confidence Drink Club challenge. You need to get confident when approaching for the best possibility of success. You can just grab you are successful basic ingredients to continue this faith. 수원가라오케 like pertaining to being led that means you need think about control on the dance floor interaction, throughout the the approach and when dancing together.
Customer Service: Who is normally the direct email? Is it a live person, or a plain email url? Are they quick to respond to questions about the Club, would they inspire right attitude? Do you get the sense you'll be "sold" on lots of other services once you join? Or that your name will be sold to advertisers? We love working with Kimberly at Public; it's nice to have her contact details if right now questions additionally, it know she's working behind the scenes to reserve our table and insure we the amazing ordeal.
Most people come here to play. Just minutes away you can access windsurfing, para-sailing, snorkeling, fishing, and boating in order to name a few. When your done you can just come as well as relax within your luxury suite, take a nap, maintain and hold the night at the dance club. The resort located about 10 miles from Kona Airport and only takes about 15 models.


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Happiness is … starting off today's awesome giveaways with Snoopy and the Gang!! This one will be sure to put a smile on the face any Snoopy or Peanuts fan … or anyone who has fond memories of the saying, "Good Grief Charlie Brown"!
The Peanuts comic strip by Charles Schulz that began in 1950 and lasted for 50 years, went way beyond the newspaper. Snoopy has become one of the most beloved comic strip characters, along with Charlie Brown and the whole gang of Peanuts characters. Holiday TV Specials such as A Charlie Brown Christmas and It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown have become timeless classics, and must-see shows during holiday time, and they continue to delight each year.
Also- be sure to check out Peanuts.com … a wonderful collection of everything from Vintage Snoopy to current Peanuts Gang happenings. This comic strip that has warmed the hearts of so many children and grown ups alike, continues to do so today.
What more can you say about The Peanuts? I grew up watching the Charlie Brown holiday specials every year growing up, and it's a tradition that I now get to share with my own kids. I love that they look forward to them as much as I do!
We watched the new Happiness is a Warm Blanket, Charlie Brown DVD last night as a family, and it was absolutely adorable. And the coffee table book is absolutely amazing. There are so many little surprised tucked in it — my kids have spent hours paging through it.
Peanuts Worldwide is giving, one lucky Deal Seeking Mom reader will win a prize package that includes The Peanuts Collection Coffee Table Book, a Hallmark Happiness is Hanging Out Together Figurine, a Hallmark Happiness is a Full Tummy Lunch Bag, Snoopy t-shirt and a Blue-Ray/DVD called Happiness is a Warm Blanket, Charlie Brown.
Entry is simple! You just need to answer the question below by leaving a comment on this site! You can even gain up to 3 bonus entries for doing each additional item listed (just make sure that you leave one entry for each one — up to a total of 4 comments.) As a reminder, comments left on Facebook, Twitter or other posts will not be included.
1. Share your Peanuts favorite memory; be it a comic strip, character or even a scene from one of the classic holiday cartoons.
1. Follow Deal Seeking Mom on a reader or via e-mail updates and leave a comment on this post.
2. Follow Deal Seeking Mom through Facebook or Twitter and leave a comment on this post.
3. Go to the FAQ page on Peanuts and then come back and leave a comment sharing something new that you learned about the Peanuts Gang Comic Strip.
This giveaway will remain open until 11:59 p.m. EST, Friday, April 29th. Any comments left after this cut-off will not be counted. The winner will be selected randomly and will be notified via email within 48 hours after the close of the contest.
This giveaway is part of the Grateful Giveaways Event being hosted by myself and 11 other bloggers. You can increase your chances of winning this prize (as well as all of the others on this site), by visiting each of them and entering the same way as you did here. You have plenty of time to get to all of them, since the contest will be open for five full days.
EACH of the 12 participating blogs has their own prizes to give away so make sure to enter on each blog for the best chances to win! Use this spreadsheet to keep track of your entries!
As one final reminder, you will want to check out the terms of the giveaway by visiting the Grateful Giveaways: Celebrating a Season of Giving Facebook page. Just click on the TERMS tab at the top of the page. (Note that by entering this contest, you agree that you have read the terms and are eligible to enter this contest).
Disclosure: I received the same gift package that the winner will be receiving to facilitate my review. I did not receive any compensation to write this post. The opinions are all mine!


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Was told we had to put something in, don't know why really, all the gardeners I have met are very sensible people !
All of the items offered here are natural products, and we have told you how we use them.
However, nature occasionally has a sense of humour, and certainly does not produce things on a conveyor belt !
So for example, chemical analysis may vary a bit from one sustainable harvest to another.
Also, we are sure you will find your own way of using our products, particularly when it comes to making compost, and we certainly would not dare tell you how best way to pot up, plant out or any of the other job's that each gardener does in their own particular way.
Therefore we cannot really take responsibility for the use of our items, apart from giving general advice which you may find helpful.
Just one point though, we do not recommend using our pure seaweed granules as a fertile mulch for seedlings - bit like giving a steak sandwich to a new born baby !
[ It's fine mixed in the compost though, especially with some Neem]


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Kondyor Massif, Russia
This is neither an impact crater nor a volcano. It is a perfect circular intrusion, about 10 km in diameter with a topographic ridge up to 600 m high. The Kondyor Massif is located in Eastern Siberia, Russia, north of the city of Khabarovsk. It is a rare form of igneous intrusion called alkaline-ultrabasic massif and it is full of rare minerals. The river flowing out of it forms placer mineral deposits. Last year 4 tons of platinum were mined there. A remarkable and very unusual mineralogical feature of the deposit is the presence of coarse crystals of Pt-Fe alloy, coated with gold. This 3-D perspective view was created by draping a simulated natural color ASTER composite over an ASTER-derived digital elevation model.
The image was acquired on June 10, 2006, and is located at 57.6 degrees north latitude, 134.6 degrees east longitude.
The U.S. science team is located at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. The Terra mission is part of NASA's Science Mission Directorate.


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Earth Energy Monitoring System (E2MS)
From the great dinosaurs to the gigantic mammoth, species once inhabited this Earth that have left nothing but hints to outlive their own extinction. Like many other species, too, dinosaurs and mammoths have disappeared from Earth's surface. Until today one of our greatest desires is to understand: What happened? Why did they die? What helped others like smaller mammals or amphibia survive?
And: Does their story tell us something about us and our own future? What can we learn? E2MS is a collaboration of scientists who believe that carefully monitoring the Earth today is crucial for understanding the Earth tomorrow. We want to collect, connect, analyze and comprehend all universally available data to detect and predict what changes life and the ecosystem we depend on now, tomorrow and in the coming years.
With an overall understanding that climate change has dramatic influence on Earth's life and that energy availability is the core driver of the changes, E2MS´ goal is to reduce the uncertainties about future developments by monitoring the Earth energy flow. Bringing back dinosaurs and mammoths is close to science fiction: Not following in their tracks is merely common sense. And a mandatory obligation for a future we can lightly hand over to coming generations.


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Ideal for monitoring indoor air quality (IAQ)
Blends in perfectly with the surroundings thanks to an optional, customizable deco-cover
Simple to install, integrate and operate – particularly user-friendly with air quality displayed in the form of a traffic light system
Perfectly networked: data storage in the Testo Cloud, real-time alarm via email or SMS (optional in conjunction with an Advanced licence)
If there are a lot of people in a room, the air quality deteriorates. Reliable monitoring is particularly important, because indoor air quality is linked to our well-being. The WiFi data logger testo 160 IAQ is ideal for monitoring indoor air quality in facility management.


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CACHEBOX is a range of purpose-built web cache appliances, with customers in 155 countries around the world.
Our customers choose CACHEBOX because it delivers high performance caching with outstanding value for money.
CACHEBOX delivers high performance because:
- It is simply a cache appliance – all the hardware resources are focused on caching
- Its core caching "engine" has constantly been tuned by ApplianSys engineers since 2001
- Intelligent caching features allow video and software updates to be cached
CACHEBOX offers outstanding value because:
- It's so easy to use and saves you so much time
- It comes with outstanding service – to make your life easier
- Compared with alternatives, prices are surprisingly affordable
CACHEBOX customers around the world come in all shapes and sizes – different sectors, different networks, different bandwidth. So the CACHEBOX range is flexible, with options to let us customise a solution fit for your specific need:
- Hardware models for different throughput / performance levels
- Software editions for the varying configuration requirements of different sectors
- A Central Management Console to make managing large fleets of CACHEBOXes easy
- Deployment, clustering and cache hierarchy options to fit all network scenarios


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It all started with a little tub of a dramatically different kind of sugar scrub. In 2002, after struggling to find a highly moisturizing body exfoliator, beauty entrepreneur Jessica Kernochan set out on a mission to create one of her own.
The marketplace was full of dense and oily scrubs that were a mess to use and exfoliating washes that dried out skin, but Jessica's goal was to create something new – an indulgent, yet efficacious body scrub that leaves the skin incredibly moisturized, polished, and glowing.
The result was a product formulation that was so unique that no manufacturer could create the innovative texture and unbelievable performance.
So Jessica built her own lab and facility to oversee the creation of her proprietary formulas. She called the brand Lalicious. A range of soufflé-whipped sugar scrubs made with natural ingredients, nourishing oils, and decadent fragrances.


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Christian Neetz
2016 Diocese of Altoona-Johnstown Grand Jury Report
Christian Neetz was included in a 2016 Altoona-Johnstown Grand Jury Report following an investigation that determined that hundreds of children were sexually abused over a period of at least 40 years by at least 50 priests or religious leaders in the Diocese of Altoona-Johnstown. The grand jury also concluded that Bishops Hogan and Adamec were at the forefront of the cover-up of child sexual abuse in the Diocese. The Pennsylvania Attorney General's Office executed a search warrant uncovering materials and over 100,000 documents that included the Diocese's secret archive, a portion of which the grand jury reviewed and used as part of its investigation.


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View our current course offerings in the left hand column of the page (from desktop computer) or the drop down menu (three lines on a mobile device). Registration is recommended at least one week in advance to ensure courses meet their minimum enrollment.
Interested in teaching a not-for-credit course through Community Programs? Propose a new class here.
6/10 - Intro: Find Your True Potential – Grow in Unexpected Ways›


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Sponsored Listings
Search Results
Michael Jackson Impersonator - 3 LegendsChicago, IL★Featured ListingAn Award Winning Tribute Artist sparking the rave reviews of "Best Bday in my life!" and "Celebrity Struck!". Call 630-631-8581 for pricing and availability - Birthdays, Bachelorette Parties, Weddings,...Read more
Sunshine Reggae BandRiverdale, IL★Featured ListingThe Sunshine Reggae Band performs popular reggae, calypso, Latin and American beach music for weddings, picnics, festivals, birthday parties, reunions and corporate events. SRB are the winners of the 2...Read more
Seize the DayVilla Park, ILOur band, Seize the Day, is a cover band started at Willowbrook High School. Our genre is alternative rock, and a set includes a minimum of 6 songs (about 30 minutes or so), though we have close to 15 ...Read more
The Ron Smolen OrchestraP.O. Box 346152, Chicago, IL" The Ron Smolen Big Band / Orchestra " is a TEN (10 piece) Big Band that provides the best in " Big Band Entertainment " and Dance Music.
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Advanced Mobile Entertainment Ltd2332 N Seeley, Chicago, ILBringing You Unforgettable Fun,
No one likes attending a boring party. Its not memorable. Its not fun. At Advance Mobile Disc Jockey & Karaoke Service, its our mission to turn every special event into...Read more -
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The Associates BandP.O. Box 562, Skokie, ILExciting! Talented! Versatile! Experienced! Just a few small words to describe Chicagoland's ultimate entertainment experience, The Associates Band. At your service for your once in a lifetime celebrat...Read more
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There are a lot terrific Brookfield, Illinois bands available for your event. From cover bands to amazing local bands, start by thinking about what you want in a live band. Do you want upbeat music or songs that people can slow dance to? Do you want a rock band or a swing band or a jazz band?
Consider hiring a band in Brookfield, Illinois for your wedding. Live music is wonderful for weddings. ...Read more
Consider hiring a band in Brookfield, Illinois for your wedding. Live music is wonderful for weddings. ...Read more


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Phantom Cine Toolkit for Final Cut Studio 2.0.11
About Phantom Cine Toolkit for Final Cut Studio
This toolkit lets users open and play Vision Research's Phantom Cine movie files. Vision Research creates and manufactures high speed digital cameras that can capture imagery at several thousand frames a second. Their cameras have been used in many industries, including Science, Manufacturing, Aerospace, Defense, as well as Film and Television.
This package lets the user open the raw Phantom Cine movies and choose from different debayer algorithms, color correction matrices, as well as white balance and gamma modes. A SMPTE Timecode track is created from the timestamps inside the Phantom Cine. As with any QuickTime component, the Operating system is fully aware of the new file format, allowing for Finder Thumbnails, and Spotlight integration.
QuickTime aware applications will be able to load the Phantom Cine files just as they would any other QuickTime movie. These include Final Cut Studio 2, iMovie, Adobe AfterEfffects, and others.


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Sure Step in action: business process change
Service Providers (or colloquially partners) often refrain from undertaking organization or process changes during implementation projects of Microsoft Dynamics solutions. And it comes as no surprise: there are many risks related to it, and customizations are taken as a more traditional approach.
Customizations are easy to predict, they do come at risk, but at least the risks are known and often easily managed entirely within service provider's organization and reach, while organizational change is unpredictable, and often exceeds consultants' knowledge, experience and expertise.
However, with or without intention or consent, organizational change will always happen. No solution has ever been 100% fit, and since the customer must do their business with the solution, the remainder from fit to 100% will always and without exception be satisfied with an unmanaged, unintentional, but evolutionary process change.
Instead of leaving it all to chance, Sure Step offers much better ways.


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Product Description
Our Troy pro style curl bars are all pre-assembled to ensure that they meet the standards required in heavy used commercial applications. All of our pro style curl bars use solid steel bolt design; bigger, longer and stronger than the competition. These curl bars feature special deep set knurling for functional performance and our top of the line Troy high grade black plates. The chrome or rubber end caps include the Troy name and numbers for easy identification. Barbells are available from 20 lb. up to 115 lb. in 5 lb. increments with chrome or rubber end caps.
CUSTOM BAR CONFIGURATIONS AVAILABLE: We have designed some of the most popular bar weight packages for you to choose from (click on the drop down box above to see the available options), but you may also create a custom package of your own, based on your own personal needs. We will be very happy to provide you with a custom price quote, so please feel free to contact us with your specific requirements, along with your city, state, and zip code, as we will reply with the total cost.


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Moose is a postmodern object system for Perl 5 that takes the tedium out of writing object-oriented Perl. It borrows all the best features from Perl 6, CLOS (Lisp), Smalltalk, Java, BETA, OCaml, Ruby and more, while still keeping true to its Perl 5 roots.
Moose is 100% production ready and in heavy use in a number of systems and growing every day. Try it today!


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Home > Music > Florida Glide Waltzes | Site Map |
Florida Glide Waltzes
Music by Will L. Thompson
Copyright 1886
Also available for download as an MP3 file.
Towards the end of the 19th century, many Floridians enjoyed attending balls. Orchestras played music for people to dance to at these events. Although the waltz has long been a much-loved ballroom dance, it was considered inappropriate for modest ladies. This was especially true of the New England area during the 1800s. Despite this fact, dancing masters in Florida still taught the waltz. It was said that great dancers would "glide" across the floor, hence the title, "Florida Glide Waltzes."
Credit: QuickTime audio file arranged and performed by Jeff Donovick for the Florida Center for Instructional Technology. Cover scan courtesy of the USF Libraries Digitization Center.
Home > Music > Florida Glide Waltzes | Site Map |
Florida: A Social Studies Resource for Students and Teachers
Produced by the Florida Center for Instructional
College of Education, University of South Florida © 2008.


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Try our new documentation site (beta).
This method is the general entry point for importing data from a file into a model. It can be used to read basis files for continuous models, start vectors for MIP models, or parameter settings. The type of data read is determined by the file suffix. File formats are described in the File Format section.
Note that this is not the method to use if you want to read a new model from a file. For that, use the GRBModel constructor. One variant of the constructor takes the name of the file that contains the new model as its argument.
void | Read ( | string | filename ) |
filename: Name of the file to read. The suffix on the file must be either .bas (for an LP basis), .mst or .sol (for a MIP start), .hnt (for MIP hints), .ord (for a priority order), or .prm (for a parameter file). The suffix may optionally be followed by .zip, .gz, .bz2, or .7z.


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Renowned Geophysicist Says Strange Sky Sounds Are Real
Saturday, 28 January 2012 09:17
http://tinyurl.com/8yn66r5 Geo Change Journal
Mr. Khalilov, what is the nature of the unusual very low-pitched sounds reported by a great number of people in different parts of the planet since the summer of 2011? Many call them "The Sound of the Apocalypse". Information about that comes from all over the world: US, UK, Costa Rica, Russia, Czech Republic, Australia, etc.
We have analyzed records of these sounds and found that most of their spectrum lies within the infrasound range, i.e. is not audible to humans. What people hear is only a small fraction of the actual power of these sounds.
They are low-frequency acoustic emissions in the range between 20 and 100 Hz modulated by ultra-low infrasonic waves from 0.1 to 15 Hz. In geophysics, they are called acoustic-gravity waves; they are formed in the upper atmosphere, at the atmosphere-ionosphere boundary in particular.
There can be quite a lot of causes why those waves are generated: earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, storms, tsunamis, etc. However, the scale of the observed humming sound in terms of both the area covered and its power far exceeds those that can be generated by the above-mentioned phenomena.
In that case, what could be causing this humming in the sky?
In our opinion, the source of such powerful and immense manifestation of acoustic-gravity waves must be very large-scale energy processes. These processes include powerful solar flares and huge energy flows generated by them, rushing towards Earth's surface and destabilizing the magnetosphere, ionosphere and upper atmosphere. Thus, the effects of powerful solar flares: the impact of shock waves in the solar wind, streams of corpuscles and bursts of electromagnetic radiation are the main causes of generation of acoustic-gravitation waves following increased solar activity.
Given the surge in solar activity as manifested itself in the higher number and energy of solar flares since mid-2011, we can assume that there is a high probability of impact of the substantial increase in solar activity on the generation of the unusual humming coming from the sky. It should be pointed out that influential scientific institutions in 2010 and 2011.
Meanwhile, the observed increase in solar activity is fully consistent with the forecast of the International Committee GEOCHANGE published in the Committee's Report in June 2010. If this growth rate of solar activity continues, its amplitude by the end of 2012 will be higher than the amplitude of 23rd solar cycle, and in 2013-2014 the solar activity will reach its peak the amplitude of which was predicted by us to be 1.5 – 1.7 times higher than the amplitude of the 23rd cycle.
But you said that the cause of the "sky hum" can lie within Earth's core as well, what does it mean?
Intensification of the energy processes in the Earth's core can modulate the geomagnetic field which, through a chain of physical processes at the ionosphere – atmosphere boundary level, generates acoustic-gravity waves the audible range of which has been heard by people in the form of a frightening low-frequency sound in different parts of our planet.
In both cases, even though the causes of acoustic-gravity waves are of a quite understandable geophysical nature, they are indicative of the expected significant increase in solar activity and the geodynamic activity of our planet.
There is no doubt that processes in the core rule the internal energy of our planet, therefore, we should expect by the end of 2012 a sharp rise in strong earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis and extreme weather events with peak levels in 2013 – 2014.


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rum hand+body wash.
a rum-scented foaming cleansing gel infused with amino acids to hydrate + purify.
everyday essential.
what it is.
our best-selling hand + body cleansing gel lathers into a rich foam to effectively wash away dirt, sweat + debris. thoroughly purifies + refreshes without overdrying skin. for all genders + skin types (especially sensitive).
how it works.
hydrating amino acids + glycerin bind water to the skin, enhancing water retention + skin moisture.
gentle surfactants cleanse skin of daily dirt + grime.
sweet + spicy scent to elevate your washing experience.
why you need it.
cleansing sets the stage for healthy, balanced skin. prevent the accumulation of pollutants on the skin that can lead to inflammation and the generation of free radicals—the culprits in premature aging. vegan + cruelty-free.
+ amino acids + glycerin hydrate.
vegan. cruelty-free.
ingredients: water/aqua/eau, ammonium lauryl sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, glycerin, cocamide mipa, phenoxyethanol, polyquaternium-10, fragrance (parfum), sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, citric acid, disodium edta, polyquaternium-7, sodium citrate, polysorbate 20, citrus limon (lemon) fruit extract, citrus aurantium dulcis (orange) fruit extract, sodium pca, sodium lactate, arginine, aspartic acid, pca, glycine, alanine, serine, valine, threonine, proline, isoleucine, phenylalanine, histidine.
this ingredient list is subject to change. customers should refer to product packaging for the most up-to-date ingredient list.
as a hand or body wash: apply to wet skin, work into lather + rinse clean.
for an aromatic foaming bath: pump under running water.
- cleanse without overdrying.
- modern + minimalist design.
- sophisticated scents to choose from: bergamot, rum, eucalyptus + cannabis.


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Thomas Rhett's 'Remember You Young' Video Remembers the Good Times
Thomas Rhett packs nostalgia into his tear-inducing "Remember You Young" video.
Rhett's new music video opens inside a diner, where four lifelong friends, now senior citizens, all gather around a table together eating, playing cards and enjoying one another's company. A voiceover advises, "While you're young, cherish your life as it comes to you. It's the only way it comes, after all."
As one of the men gets up to leave, he has a flashback of his younger self standing in the same spot as a busboy, looking at the waitress who would eventually become his wife. The video then follows him as he revisits a series of cherished memories, driving to an old carhop and nostalgically looking out the window as he remembers the sweet moments he and his wife shared, before making his way to a hotel where he sees the younger version of his wife and daughter walk through the hallway.
The penultimate moment comes as he makes his way to an open field, the older version of his wife standing in a white dress looking off into the sunset. He takes her hand, the camera circling around them as they transform into the youthful versions of themselves.
"And no matter how much time goes by / I hope we never have to grow up / For worse or for better, from now 'til forever / I'll always remember you young," Rhett sings as the elderly man stands alone, holding an urn in his hands, looking off into the abyss.
"We wrote this song about the people in life that we love, and always remembering them in their youth, no matter how much time passes and we all change," Rhett describes in a press release. "There's something sentimental about remembering your very best friends, who have real jobs and families now, tearing it up in college, or picturing me and my wife with no cares at the Tin Roof back in Knoxville."
"I love that the last verse is a bit of twist with it all coming full circle," Rhett adds. "It actually makes me emotional … It's easily one of my favorite tracks on the album."
"Remember You Young" is the second single from Rhett's latest album, Center Point Road.
These Pictures Prove Thomas Rhett and Lauren Are Meant to Be:


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Datejust 36
Oyster, 36 mm, Oystersteel and white gold
Reference 126234
Make a date of a day
This Oyster Perpetual Datejust 36 in Oystersteel and white gold features a bright blue dial and an Oyster bracelet.
Fluted bezel
A Rolex signature
The Rolex fluted bezel is a mark of distinction. Originally, the fluting of the Oyster bezel had a functional purpose: it served to screw the bezel onto the case helping to ensure the waterproofness of the watch.
It was therefore identical to the fluting on the case back, which was also screwed onto the case for waterproofness, using specific Rolex tools. Over time, the fluting became an aesthetic element, a genuine Rolex signature feature. Today the fluted bezel is a mark of distinction, in gold on this Datejust 36.
Bright blue dial
A watchmaking technique
The sunray finish creates delicate light reflections on many dials in the Oyster Perpetual collection. It is obtained using masterful brushing techniques that create grooves running outwards from the centre of the dial.
Light is diffused consistently along each engraving, creating a characteristic subtle glow that moves depending on the position of the wrist. Once the sunray finish has been completed, the dial colour is applied using Physical Vapour Deposition or electroplating. A light coat of varnish gives the dial its final look.
White Rolesor
A meeting of two metals
Gold is coveted for its lustre and nobility. Steel reinforces strength and reliability. Together, they harmoniously combine the best of their properties.
A true Rolex signature, Rolesor has featured on Rolex models since the early 1930s, and was trademarked as a name in 1933. It is one of the prominent pillars of the Oyster collection.
The Oyster bracelet
Alchemy of form and function
The Oyster bracelet is a perfect alchemy of form and function, aesthetics and technology, designed to be both robust and comfortable.
It is equipped with an Oysterclasp and the Easylink comfort extension link, also exclusive to Rolex. This ingenious system allows the wearer to increase the bracelet length by approximately 5 mm, providing additional comfort in any circumstance.
More Datejust technical details
Reference 126234
Datejust 36
Contact an Official Rolex Retailer
Only official Rolex retailers are allowed to sell and maintain a Rolex watch. With the necessary skills, technical know-how and special equipment, they guarantee the authenticity of each and every part of your Rolex and help you make the choice that will last a lifetime.
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Free-City-Guides.com offers online travel guides for some of the world's best cities. This site is written by two professional journalists and unlike many travel sites you'll find on the web, we have actually been to all the places we write about! We only recommend tourist attractions, locations, hotels and things to do that we have tried out personally.
This site is run on a not-for-profit basis so we can remain impartial with our advice on tours, excursions and best priced attraction tickets.
The USA has some of the world's most recognisable cities. Places like New York, San Franciso and Washington will feel familiar even if you've never been before because you see them on TV shows so often. Scratch the surface of the cities though and there's so much to see. Click a pic to choose your USA city guide…
Europe is jam-packed with amazing, beautiful cities like Paris, Barcelona and Stockholm. There's so much to see in all of Europe's countries and every city is different. Click a pic to choose your city…
The UK is full of historic cities like London, Edinburgh & York. Alongside the history, there's plenty of culture to enjoy too! Click a pic to choose your UK city guide…
Here are some of our other city guides in other parts of the world to enjoy…
Contact Us
Get in touch with Free-City-Guides.com for help or advice for your city break
Things To Do
We are working with GetYourGuide for discounts on tours and activities
Bargain Attraction Tickets
We recommend Attractiontix for low prices on attractions
Car Hire
Opodo compare top brands for the best prices


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Etu ị ga-esi tụnye ụtụ nke gị
Sonye n'ihe a na-eme
Do you love software freedom and open source communities? Do you like the MediaWiki software, Wikipedia, or any other Wikimedia sites?
The content of all Wikimedia projects is released under free licenses. Write code to access, remix and grow this immense pool of free knowledge. Follow the tutorial to get started with the API, available on all MediaWiki wikis, and other APIs for content and Wikidata. Other open data sources, including XML and SQL dumps, are also available.
Our code is all free and open source. Choose a project, provide a patch, and fix a task!
Wikimedia projects use a variety of languages such as PHP and JavaScript in MediaWiki and its extensions, Lua (in Templates), CSS/LESS (in skins etc.), Objective-C, Swing and Java (in Mobile Apps and Kiwix), Python (in Pywikibot), C++ (in Huggle), or C# (in AWB). Create bots to process content and host your tools on Toolforge. Hack on mobile apps or on desktop applications. Or help Site Reliability Engineering maintain the server configuration.
Learn more at New Developers/Introduction to the Wikimedia Technical Ecosystem .Testing
Help improve the quality of our projects through PHPUnit testing, automated browser testing via Selenium, and Continuous Integration. Report your first bug or help with existing bug reports.
As a Tech ambassador, help other Wikimedians with technical issues, relay Tech News to inform users about what is going to impact them, and join the ambassadors' group and the mailing list to act as a bridge between developers and your local wiki.
English writers can improve the MediaWiki documentation, other essential support pages and, in fact, any page of this website.
If you are fluent in a language other than English you can join the effort by translating this website and the MediaWiki software.
Help users and developers looking for answers at the support desk or the MediaWiki communication and social media channels.
Help apply the Wikimedia design principles in projects looking for UX feedback.
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More helpful information
- There are several ways you can get into contact with the Wikimedia community.
- You can also follow and share Wikimedia news across your social network.
- You can also subscribe to Tech News to receive a weekly summary on your user talk page of recent software changes, without technical jargon.
Editing and discussing in MediaWiki
If you have not used MediaWiki before:
- Learn how to edit wiki pages with VisualEditor or editing the source.
- Feel free to edit your public user page. Introduce yourself. You may use the User Info Template. Learn more reading the Wikipedia instructions.
- Check Help:Navigation .
- You can discuss the content of each page in its related Discussion page. You can communicate with users by adding a public message in their discussion pages. Learn more at Help:Talk pages .


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Big Mexican in food stall
Fryman Art
Default size of archival stock 17" X 22". All art is limited edition, and signed. When all of an image is sold, NO MORE images will be available.
If any other size would interest you please contact us for a quote.
giclees/prints are also available on canvas stretched on gallery stretches. Please contact us for quotes Shipping extra on all art
firstname.lastname@example.com or 1-416-432-0421


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One thing was certain, the Heritage Christian Saints did not want to experience last year's pain.
In 2017, the small Kelowna school lost in the provincial semifinals, before rebounding to claim the bronze medal, a school-first.
And on Saturday, they one-upped that achievement, as the No. 4 seed knocked off the No. 6 Bulkley Valley Royals 65-53 in the gold-medal game of the BC boys 1A provincial finals at the Langley Events Centre.
The Saints led virtually from start to finish, with the Royals only leading for 16 seconds and the score tied for just eight seconds.
"We had the experience from last year and we didn't want to feel that same pain," said Saints coach Colton Tripke.
"We didn't want to be in that same place so we had to work harder."
Heritage Christian had to contend with the Royals' Saymon Loki, who picked up the most valuable player award after averaging more than 35 points per game in the championships.
And after a monster 44-point and 21-rebound effort in the semifinals, the six-foot-five forward was 'held' to 31 points and 24 rebounds in the finals.
"He is a great player, we knew he was going to score," Tripke said.
"We ran out of gas. We played our five starters hard," said Royals' coach Chris Steenhof.
With Loki such a presence in the paint, the Saints relied upon their outside shooting, scoring just 14 of their 65 points in the paint. The bulk of the damage was done from beyond the arc as 12 of their 22 field goals were three-pointers.
Sam Bell led the way with six three-pointers and 22 points while Ben Robideau had 12 points, all of which came from beyond the arc.
Bell was a first team all-star while Joshua Weekes, who had four points, five rebounds and six assists, was a second team selection.
Heritage Christian also had a balanced attack with 15 points from Raymond Barrett and another dozen from Isaac Opuama.
"Our inside game is good but we needed that outside game going for us.," Tripke said.
Steenhof said the Saints played Loki different than any other team all season with quick double teams.
"They are a very, very athletic team and they adjusted very quickly," he said. "Their athleticism hurt us because they made very quick decisions and we didn't counter."
Bulkley Valley Christian's Nathan Steenhof scored 16 points and was named a second team all-star.
The Royals had a tough shooting night, hitting just two of 20 three-point attempts and shot 28.4 per cent overall.
But despite the loss, the Bulkley Valley coach was thrilled with his team's silver lining to their season.
"We overachieved this season in many ways," he said. "Before this game, I told them no matter what, this was a victory for us."
The championship adds to the rich basketball tradition in Kelowna.
"They have worked so hard all year for this," Tripke said. "(And) for a small school that has four kids per grade, it just great to see."
The Saints' Isiah Akurienne was named the player of the game.
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Meet Larry and Adam Rachlin.
They're mortgage brokers in Ontario, and our newest poster children for the Canadian Housing Bubble.
Larry has Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Science & Speech Communication (honours) and is a 27 year veteran in mortgage financing and brokerage. He has an even longer tenure in the financial services industry including secured and unsecured funding, debt consolidation as well as personal & business tax preparation.
Adam is Seneca College graduate with a Diploma in Financial Services Underwriting. He's been in financial services for over 21 years including mortgage & loan underwriting, personal & business income tax preparation as well as commercial leasing & property management.
Together they run Mortgages Unlimited, a mortgage brokerage whose slogan is "We don't say 'NO', we offer an alternative."
Larry recently posted a youtube video (you can see it here) promoting their services and here is the opening pre-amble:
Every day someone calls and tells me they have an urgent cash crisis.
They tell me nobody is able to help them, they're ready to give up.
They say I'm their last hope. And I tell him this: I don't care if you have bad credit. I don't care if you can't prove income. I don't care if you have tax arrears or if you haven't filed an income tax return. Or even have mortgage arrears. I don't even care if you won't be able to make any payments for a while.
All I require is that you have a good story and own a home that has some reasonable equity. If you have that, I'll get you the money you need. And I'll let you have up to 12 months with no monthly payments. Got a good story if so call me Larry Rachlin.
Your house is an ATM machine and all you need is a "good story".
Speaking of good stories, did you ever hear the one about the US housing crisis of 2008 and HELOC's?
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Click 'comments' below to contribute to this post.
Please read disclaimer at bottom of blog.


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LUG aircargo handling - to achieve more, that's our goal.
LUG offers a range of logistics services at the airports of Frankfurt, Munich and Hamburg. In addition we offer interesting cargo handling perspectives at other airports through cooperation with business partners.
Let's move it.
Have a look inside the box
Find out some more short facts about LUG in our image broschure.
Your goods are safe with us.
LUG: Going the extra mile in air cargo handling
In order to implement our business policy objectives, LUG is committed to the following core principles
We are motivated
We are present
We are responsible
We are versatile
We are innovative
We are forward-looking
Company locations
Service at the gateways to the world
LUG aircargo handling GmbH, Frankfurt
Telefon +49 (0)69-6 98 19-0
Foto: Fraport AG
LUG aircargo handling GmbH, Branch office Munich
Telefon +49 (0)89-97 59 60 33
Foto: Flughafen München GmbH
LUG aircargo handling GmbH, Branch office Hamburg
Telefon +49 (0)40-5075-0
Foto: Flughafen Hamburg GmbH
LUG News
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Pete Davidson Covered Up His Ariana Grande 'Dangerous Woman' Tattoo
You gain some, you lose some—and in the case of Pete Davidson's tattoos, when one Ariana Grande tat disappears, another one reappears.
While Davidson appeared on Saturday Night Live this past weekend, fans noticed that the comedian's Dangerous Woman tattoo—a small design featuring Grande's signature bunny ears mask that Davidson got inked onto his neck early over the summer—had been covered up.
But fret not, Grandavidson/Petiana fans: The redesign doesn't spell any sort of romantic woes for the high-profile pair. Instead, Davidson covered the bunny ears with a different tattoo... this time matching one that the pop star already has! (According to Page Six, anyway.)
In place of the Dangerous Woman design, the actor now sports a large black heart with a small letter "a" next to it (for Ariana, no doubt).
The new ink is just one of many, many tattoos Grande and Davidson have gotten inked with in order to commemorate their relationship.
The couple already have matching cloud emojis, as well as tattoos that read "Reborn" and "H2GKMO."
Grande also has a tat featuring Davidson's father's firefighter badge number, while the comedian recently immortalized their new pet pig, Piggy Smalls, on his torso.
See Davidson's newest ink, below:


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SaleLab Certificate (free)
Red Coral (Moonga) 8.96 Carat (9.86 Ratti)
₹8,601 Original price was: ₹8,601.₹7,168Current price is: ₹7,168.
Natural Red Coral, 100% Orignal Gemstone from Italy.
Expected Dispatch Date: Thursday, 25th July
Buy Natural Red Coral has many benefits like Better Digestive Health & Immunity, Success in Team Management, Administrative, Leadership Roles. Red Coral also benefits people working in industries like real estate, interior decoration, mining, oil exploration.
This natural Italian coral comes from the Mediterranean Sea. For best astrological benefits coral is 100% natural no enhancement no resin or wax filling. The value and price of stones are good considering their properties and effects. Cut color and clarity Ideally best for astrological purposes. Can be used in rings and pendants.
See the video or you may ask for a video of the gemstone before you make a purchase.
Additional information
Weight (carat) | |
Weight (ratti) | |
Dimensions - L x W x H | |
Lustre | |
Shape | |
Treatment | |
Certification | |
Origin |
Customer Reviews
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My iolite (nili) ring is beautiful. stone is original perfect size. Their behavior is customer friendly my online shopping is a good experience.
Hi, My name is Neeraj negi I hail from Mussoorie Uttarakhand. I would like to share my experience with all of you. I frequently buy gem stones from S Nirvair Singh Johari. There service and experience is excellent, one can buy quality gem stones in reasonable price. I wish All the good luck to Nirvair Singh Johari.
Great collection of gemstones and diamonds...I was running from post to pillar - Karol bagh..lajpat to find a fire opal.Visited here by chance.I was surprised to find exactly what I was looking for. Must recommended 👍
I recommend this shop for gemstones and diamonds as their quality is exceptionally good with reasonable prices. Mr. Singh is very customer friendly and very accommodating to their needs.
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Red Coral 5.28 Carat (5.80 Ratti)
Origin: Italy
₹7,035 Original price was: ₹7,035.₹5,460Current price is: ₹5,460.
Red Coral 7.15 Carat (7.94 Ratti)
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Red Coral 7.85 Carat (8.63 Ratti)
Origin: Italy
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Red Coral 7.38 Carat (8.20 Ratti)
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Church Leaders
Buy Resources
Gabe Lyons is the author of
The Next Christians: The Good News About the End of Christian America
and the founder of Q—a learning community that mobilizes Christians to advance the common good in society. Additionally, he is the co-author of
UnChristian: What a New Generation Really Thinks About Christianity and Why It Matters
, a bestselling book based on original research that revealed the pervasiveness of pop culture's negative perceptions of Christians. Prior to launching Q, Gabe co-founded Catalyst, a national gathering of young leaders. His work represents the perspectives of a new generation of Christians and has been featured by CNN, The New York Times, Fox News and USA Today. Gabe, his wife Rebekah, and their three children reside in Manhattan, New York.
Invite Gabe to Speak
Follow @gabelyons
Hear Interviews with Gabe about the "Restorer" movement
Focus on the Family
on "Christianity For the Next Generation"
Part One
Part Two
Tim Keller Conversation (60 minutes)
The Resurgence on "Christ, Culture and the Gospel" (44 minutes)


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[ UPDATE FROM JOABBESS.COM : ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND, EDINBURGH, CLIMATE CAMP SITE HAS BEEN TAKEN. ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION FROM email@example.com, Wed, Aug 18, 2010 at 9:59 PM : "Site taken! People needed NOW! At 9.15PM tonight Climate Camp took the site on RBS HQ. Get on site as fast as you can! Defence help urgently needed. Come to RBS Gogarburn Gardens, off Gogar Station Rd. More info later. x" ]
Al Gore has been telling all the young people, and well, all of us, really, to protest, in public, to make a downright law-unabiding nuisance of ourselves :-
"Gore calls for major protests on government's climate change inaction…In a post on his personal blog headlined "The Movement We Need"…"
Well, it won't work to call people out onto the street. Most people are too busy credit-crunching, wage-slaving or favour-scraping to be able to commit to a short-term, potentially self-defeating public display of annoyance, frustration and shrill demands.
And if people do come out to the big protests, it won't achieve much. News reports can be swept into the trash. Activists can be swept into holding facilities. Politicians can conveniently ignore anything that isn't violent.
Drop the loud-hailers and home-made placards, I say, and do something more…focussed.
The Climate Camp want to target the Royal Bank of Scotland for financing Coal power plants and Tar Sands oil projects, which are very bad things to be doing, and smacks of huge corporate irresponsibility, considering the bank is largely owned by the British taxpayer, and I say, if you can't make the camp (and I can't for reasons which I shall not go into just now), do something about money in other ways instead.
What's your money doing ? Which oppressive regimes in oil-rich countries is it supporting ? Which Fossil Fuel companies trashing your Environment do your bank support ? Why not switch your money to an ethical financial organisation ? Why don't we all try to do this at the same time ? "Crowd-banking" could have an impact, you never know until you try.
Let's pick, say, Monday 23rd August 2010. And let's all spend our way out of Climageddon together on that day. Transfer your money to an ethical bank, or pledge to do so. Phone your bank and tell them you're leaving for a sustainable bank.
Other actions possibly useful :-
1. Refuse to buy Fossil Fuels for a day.
2. Refuse to use any hot water for one day (most hot water is produced by burning Fossil Fuels). It's summer in the Northern Hemisphere – come on – a cool shower won't hurt you.
3. Don't spend any money on anything that had Petroleum-based plastic or Natural Gas-based chemicals in its production – which would rule out 85% of non-food purchases, I reckon.
4. If you're working for a company or an organisation who have anything to do with the Energy industry, make a point of asking your boss, or their boss, or the Chief Executive or something what the company/organisation intends to do about moving the whole business to Renewable Energy.
5. One short telephone call could have you moving from burning Coal for your home electricity to a Green Energy account.
This is not a riot – but it is an emergency, and the response should match the scale of the problem.
Our Climate – Not for Sale.
Bloody Oil from Felix Gonzales on Vimeo.