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Most of high scale web applications use MySQL + memcached. Many of them use also NoSQL like TokyoCabinet/Tyrant. In some cases people have dropped MySQL and have shifted to NoSQL. One of the biggest reasons for such a movement is that it is said that NoSQL performs better than MySQL for simple access patterns such as primary key lookups. Most of queries from web applications are simple so this seems like a reasonable decision.
Like many other high scale web sites, we at DeNA(*) had similar issues for years. But we reached a different conclusion. We are using "only MySQL". We still use memcached for front-end caching (i.e. preprocessed HTML, count/summary info), but we do not use memcached for caching rows. We do not use NoSQL, either. Why? Because we could get much better performance from MySQL than from other NoSQL products. In our benchmarks, we could get 750,000+ qps on a commodity MySQL/InnoDB 5.1 server from remote web clients. We also have got excellent performance on production environments.
Maybe you can't believe the numbers, but this is a real story. In this long blog post, I'd like to share our experiences.
(*) For those who do not know.. I left Oracle in August 2010. Now I work at DeNA, one of the largest social game platform providers in Japan.
Is SQL really good for fast PK lookups?
How many times do you need to run PK lookups per second? Our applications at DeNA need to execute lots of PK lookups, such as fetching user info by user id, fetching diary info by diary id. memcached and NoSQL certainly fit very well for such requirements. When you run simple multi-threaded "memcached get" benchmarks, you can probably execute 400,000+ get operations per second, even though memcached clients are located on remote servers. When I tested with the latest libmemcached and memcached, I could get 420,000 get per sec on a 2.5GHz x 8 core Nehalem box with a quad-port Broadcom Gigabit Ethernet card.
How frequently can MySQL execute PK lookups? Benchmarking is easy. Just run concurrent queries from sysbench, super-smack, mysqlslap, etc.
[matsunobu@host ~]$ mysqlslap --query="select user_name,..
from test.user where user_id=1" \
--number-of-queries=10000000 --concurrency=30 --host=xxx -uroot
You can easily check how many InnoDB rows are read per second.[matsunobu@host ~]$ mysqladmin extended-status -i 1 -r -uroot \
| grep -e "Com_select"
| Com_select | 107069 |
| Com_select | 108873 |
| Com_select | 108921 |
| Com_select | 109511 |
| Com_select | 108084 |
| Com_select | 108483 |
| Com_select | 108115 |
100,000+ queries per second seems not bad, but much slower than memcached. What is MySQL actually doing? From vmstat output, both %user and %system were high.[matsunobu@host ~]$ vmstat 1
r b swpd free buff cache in cs us sy id wa st
23 0 0 963004 224216 29937708 58242 163470 59 28 12 0 0
24 0 0 963312 224216 29937708 57725 164855 59 28 13 0 0
19 0 0 963232 224216 29937708 58127 164196 60 28 12 0 0
16 0 0 963260 224216 29937708 58021 165275 60 28 12 0 0
20 0 0 963308 224216 29937708 57865 165041 60 28 12 0 0
Oprofile output told more about where CPU resources were spent.
samples % app name symbol name
259130 4.5199 mysqld MYSQLparse(void*)
196841 3.4334 mysqld my_pthread_fastmutex_lock
106439 1.8566 libc-2.5.so _int_malloc
94583 1.6498 bnx2 /bnx2
84550 1.4748 ha_innodb_plugin.so.0.0.0 ut_delay
67945 1.1851 mysqld _ZL20make_join_statistics
63435 1.1065 mysqld JOIN::optimize()
55825 0.9737 vmlinux wakeup_stack_begin
55054 0.9603 mysqld MYSQLlex(void*, void*)
50833 0.8867 libpthread-2.5.so pthread_mutex_trylock
49602 0.8652 ha_innodb_plugin.so.0.0.0 row_search_for_mysql
47518 0.8288 libc-2.5.so memcpy
46957 0.8190 vmlinux .text.elf_core_dump
46499 0.8111 libc-2.5.so malloc
MYSQLparse() and MYSQLlex() are called during SQL parsing phase. make_join_statistics() and JOIN::optimize() are called during query optimization phase. These are "SQL" overhead. It's obvious that performance drops were caused by mostly SQL layer, not by "InnoDB(storage)" layer. MySQL has to do a lot of things like below while memcached/NoSQL do not neeed to do.
* Parsing SQL statements
* Opening, locking tables
* Making SQL execution plans
* Unlocking, closing tables
MySQL also has to do lots of concurrency controls. For example, fcntl() are called lots of times during sending/receiving network packets. Global mutexes such as LOCK_open, LOCK_thread_count are taken/relesed very frequently. That's why my_pthread_fastmutex_lock() were ranked #2 in the oprofile output and %system were not small.
Both MySQL development team and external community are aware of concurrency issues. Some issues have already been solved in 5.5. I'm glad to see that lots of fixes have been done so far.
But it is also important that %user reached 60%. Mutex contentions result in %system increase, not %user increase. Even though all mutex issues inside MySQL are fixed, we can not expect 300,000 queries per second.
You may be heard about HANDLER statement. Unfortunately HANDLER statement was not so much helpful to improve throughput because query parsing, opening/closing tables still be needed.
CPU efficiency is important for in-memory workloads
If little active data fit in memory, SQL overheads become relatively negligible. This is simply because disk i/o costs are much much higher. We do not need to care so much about SQL costs in this case.
But, on some of our hot MySQL servers, almost all data fit in memory and they became completely CPU bound. Profiling results were similar to what I described above: SQL layer spent most of resources. We needed to execute lots of primary key lookups(i.e. SELECT x FROM t WHERE id=?) or limited range scans. Even though 70-80% of queries were simple PK lookups from the same table (difference was just values in WHERE), every time MySQL had to parse/open/lock/unlock/close, which seemed not efficient for us.
Have you heard about NDBAPI?
Is there any good solution to reduce CPU resources/contentions around SQL layer in MySQL? If you are using MySQL Cluster, NDBAPI would be the best solution. When I worked at MySQL/Sun/Oracle as a consultant, I had seen lots of customers who were dissapointed at SQL Node + NDB performance, then became happy after they could get N times bettern performance by writing NDBAPI clients. You can use both NDBAPI and SQL in MySQL Cluster. It's recommended using NDBAPI for frequent access patterns, and using SQL + MySQL + NDB for ad-hoc or infrequent query patterns.
This was what we wanted. We wanted faster access APIs, but we also wanted to use SQL for ad-hoc or complex queries. But DeNA is using InnoDB, like many other web services. Switching to NDB is not trivial. Embedded InnoDB does neither support SQL nor network interface so it's not an option for us.
Developing "HandlerSocket Plugin" - a MySQL plugin that speaks NoSQL network protocols
We thought that the best approach was implementing a NoSQL network server inside MySQL. That is, writing a network server as a MySQL plugin (daemon plugin) which listens on specific ports, accepting NoSQL protocols/APIs, then accessing to InnoDB directly by using MySQL internal storage engine APIs. This approach is similar to NDBAPI, but it can talk with InnoDB.
This concept was initially invented and prototyped by Kazuho Oku at Cybozu Labs last year. He wrote MyCached UDF that speaks memcached protocols. My colleague Akira Higuchi implemented another plugin: HandlerSocket. The below picture shows about what Hanldersocket can do.
< Fig 1 > What is Hanldersocket?
HandlerSocket is a MySQL daemon plugin so that applications can use MySQL like NoSQL. The biggest purpose of the HandlerSocket is that it talks with storage engines like InnoDB without SQL-related overheads. To access MySQL tables, of course HandlerSocket needs to open/close tables. But HandlerSocket does not open/close tables every time. It keeps tables opened for reuse. Opening/closing tables is very costly and causes serious mutex contentions so it's very helpful to improve performance. Of course HandlerSocket closes tables when traffics become small etc so that it won't block administrative commands (DDL) forever.
What is different from using MySQL + memcached? By comparing Fig 1 with Fig 2, I think you'll notice lots of differences. Fig 2 shows typical memcached and MySQL usage. memcached is aggressively used for caching database records. This is mainly because memcached get operation is much faster than in-memory / on-disk PK lookups in MySQL. If HandlerSocket can fetch records as fast as memcached, we don't need memcached for caching records.
< Fig 2 > Common architecture pattern for MySQL + memcached
Using HandlerSocket
As an example, here is a "user" table. Suppose we need to fetch user information by user_id.
CREATE TABLE user (
user_id INT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY,
user_name VARCHAR(50),
user_email VARCHAR(255),
created DATETIME
) ENGINE=InnoDB;
In MySQL, fetching user info can be done by, of course, SELECT statements.mysql> SELECT user_name, user_email, created FROM user WHERE user_id=101;
| user_name | user_email | created |
| Yukari Takeba | email@example.com | 2010-02-03 11:22:33 |
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
Let me show how we can do the same thing with HandlerSocket.* Installing HandlerSocket
Installation steps are described here. Basic steps are as below:
1. Download HandlerSocket here
2. Building HandlerSocket (both client and server codes)
./configure --with-mysql-source=... --with-mysql-bindir=... ; make; make install
3. Installing HandlerSocket into MySQL
mysql> INSTALL PLUGIN handlersocket soname 'handlersocket.so';
Since HandlerSocket is a MySQL plugin, you can use it like other plugins such as InnoDB Plugin, Q4M, Spider, etc. That is, you do not need to modify MySQL source code itself. MySQL version has to be 5.1 or later. You need both MySQL source code and MySQL binary to build HandlerSocket.
* Writing HandlerSocket client code
We provice C++ and Perl client libraries. Here is a sample Perl code to fetch a row by pk lookup.
The above code fetches user_name, user_email and created columns from user table, looking by user_id=101. So you'll get the same results as the above SELECT statement.
use strict;
use warnings;
use Net::HandlerSocket;
#1. establishing a connection
my $args = { host => 'ip_to_remote_host', port => 9998 };
my $hs = new Net::HandlerSocket($args);
#2. initializing an index so that we can use in main logics.
# MySQL tables will be opened here (if not opened)
my $res = $hs->open_index(0, 'test', 'user', 'PRIMARY',
die $hs->get_error() if $res != 0;
#3. main logic
#fetching rows by id
#execute_single (index id, cond, cond value, max rows, offset)
$res = $hs->execute_single(0, '=', [ '101' ], 1, 0);
die $hs->get_error() if $res->[0] != 0;
for (my $row = 0; $row < 1; ++$row) {
my $user_name= $res->[$row + 0];
my $user_email= $res->[$row + 1];
my $created= $res->[$row + 2];
print "$user_name\t$user_email\t$created\n";
#4. closing the connection
[matsunobu@host ~]$ perl sample.pl
Yukari Takeba email@example.com 2010-02-03 11:22:33
For most web applications, it's a good practice to keep lightweight HandlerSocket connections established (persistent connections), so that lots of requests can focus on main logic (the #3 in the above code).HandlerSocket protocol is a small-sized text based protocol. Like memcached text protocol, you can use telnet to get rows through HandlerSocket.
[matsunobu@host ~]$ telnet 192.168.1.2 9998
Trying 192.168.1.2...
Connected to xxx.dena.jp (192.168.1.2).
Escape character is '^]'.
P 0 test user PRIMARY user_name,user_email,created
0 1
0 = 1 101
0 3 Yukari Takeba firstname.lastname@example.com 2010-02-03 11:22:33
(Green lines are request packets, fields must be separated by TAB)Benchmarking
Now it's good time to show our benchmarking results. I used the above user table, and tested how many PK lookup operations can be done from multi-threaded remote clients. All user data fit in memory (I tested 1,000,000 rows). I also tested memcached with similar data (I used libmemcached and memcached_get() to fetch a user data). In MySQL via SQL tests, I used a traditional SELECT statement: "SELECT user_name, user_email, created FROM user WHERE user_id=? ". Both memcached and HandlerSocket client codes were written in C/C++. All client programs were located on remote hosts, connecting to MySQL/memcached via TCP/IP.
The highest throughput was as follows:
approx qps server CPU util
MySQL via SQL 105,000 %us 60% %sy 28%
memcached 420,000 %us 8% %sy 88%
MySQL via HandlerSocket 750,000 %us 45% %sy 53%
MySQL via HandlerSocket could get over 7.5 times higher throughput than traditional MySQL via SQL statements, even though %us was 3/4. This shows that SQL-layer in MySQL is very costly and skipping the layer certainly improves performance dramatically. It is also interesting that MySQL via HandlerSocket was 178% faster than memcached, and memcached spent too much %system resources. Though memcached is an excellent product, there are still rooms for optimizations.
The below is oprofile outputs, gathered during MySQL via HandlerSocket tests. CPU resources were spent on core operations such as network packets handling, fetching rows, etc (bnx2 is a network device driver program).
samples % app name symbol name
984785 5.9118 bnx2 /bnx2
847486 5.0876 ha_innodb_plugin.so.0.0.0 ut_delay
545303 3.2735 ha_innodb_plugin.so.0.0.0 btr_search_guess_on_hash
317570 1.9064 ha_innodb_plugin.so.0.0.0 row_search_for_mysql
298271 1.7906 vmlinux tcp_ack
291739 1.7513 libc-2.5.so vfprintf
264704 1.5891 vmlinux .text.super_90_sync
248546 1.4921 vmlinux blk_recount_segments
244474 1.4676 libc-2.5.so _int_malloc
226738 1.3611 ha_innodb_plugin.so.0.0.0 _ZL14build_template
206057 1.2370 HandlerSocket.so dena::hstcpsvr_worker::run_one_ep()
183330 1.1006 ha_innodb_plugin.so.0.0.0 mutex_spin_wait
175738 1.0550 HandlerSocket.so dena::dbcontext::
cmd_find_internal(dena::dbcallback_i&, dena::prep_stmt const&,
ha_rkey_function, dena::cmd_exec_args const&)
169967 1.0203 ha_innodb_plugin.so.0.0.0 buf_page_get_known_nowait
165337 0.9925 libc-2.5.so memcpy
149611 0.8981 ha_innodb_plugin.so.0.0.0 row_sel_store_mysql_rec
148967 0.8943 vmlinux generic_make_request
Since MySQL via HandlerSocket runs inside MySQL and goes to InnoDB, you can get statistics from regular MySQL commands such as SHOW GLOBAL STATUS. It's worth to see 750,000+ Innodb_rows_read. $ mysqladmin extended-status -uroot -i 1 -r | grep "InnoDB_rows_read"
| Innodb_rows_read | 750192 |
| Innodb_rows_read | 751510 |
| Innodb_rows_read | 757558 |
| Innodb_rows_read | 747060 |
| Innodb_rows_read | 748474 |
| Innodb_rows_read | 759344 |
| Innodb_rows_read | 753081 |
| Innodb_rows_read | 754375 |
Detailed specs were as follows. Model: Dell PowerEdge R710
CPU: Nehalem 8 cores, E5540 @ 2.53GHz
RAM: 32GB (all data fit in the buffer pool)
MySQL Version: 5.1.50 with InnoDB Plugin
memcached/libmemcached version: 1.4.5(memcached), 0.44(libmemcached)
Network: Broadcom NetXtreme II BCM5709 1000Base-T (Onboard, quad-port, using three ports)
* Both memcached and HandlerSocket were network i/o bound. When I tested with a single port, I got around 260,000 qps on MySQL via HandlerSocket, 220,000 qps on memcached.
Features and Advantages of HandlerSocket
HandlerSocket has lots of features and advantages like below. Some of them are really beneficial for us.
* Supporting lots of query patterns
HandlerSocket supports PK/unique lookups, non-unique index lookups, range scan, LIMIT, and INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE. Operations that do not use any index are not supported. multi_get operations (similar to IN(1,2,3..), fetching multiple rows via single network round-trip) are also supported.
See documentation for details.
* Can handle lots of concurrent connections
HandlerSocket connection is light. Since HandlerSocket employs epoll() and worker-thread/thread-pooling architecture, the number of MySQL internal threads is limited (can be controlled by handlersocket_threads parameter in my.cnf). So you can establish thousands or tens of thousands of network connections to HandlerSocket, without losing stability(consuming too much memory, causing massive mutex contentions, etc: such as bug#26590, bug#33948, bug#49169).
* Extremely high performance
HandlerSocket is possible to gain competitive enough performance against other NoSQL lineups, as already described. Actually I have not seen any NoSQL product that can execute 750,000+ queries on a commodity server from remote clients via TCP/IP.
Not only HandlerSocket eliminates SQL related function calls, but also it optimizes around network/concurrency issues.
** Smaller network packets
HandlerSocket protocol is much simpler and smaller than normal MySQL protocols. So overall network transfer size can be much smaller.
** Running limited number of MySQL internal threads
See above.
** Grouping client requests
When lots of concurrent requests come to HandlerSocket, each worker thread gathers as many requests as possible, then executing gathered requests at one time, and sending back results. This can improve performance greatly, by sacrificing response time a bit. For example, you can gain the following benefits. I'll explain them in depth in later posts, if anybody is interested.
*** Can reduce the number of fsync() calls
*** Can reduce replication delay
* No duplicate cache
When you use memcached to cache MySQL/InnoDB records, records are cached in both memcached and InnoDB buffer pool. They are duplicate so less efficient (Memory is still expensive!). Since HandlerSocket plugin accesses to InnoDB storage engine, records are cached inside InnoDB buffer pool, which can be reused by other SQL statements.
* No data inconsistency
Since data is stored at one place (inside InnoDB), data consistency check between memcached and MySQL is not needed.
* Crash-safe
Backend storage is InnoDB. It's transactional and crash safe. Even though you use innodb-flush-log-at-trx-commit!=1, you lose only < 1s of data on server crash.
* SQL can be used from mysql clients
In many cases people still want to use SQL (i.e to generate summary reports). This is why we can't use Embedded InnoDB. Most NoSQL products don't support SQL interface, either.
HandlerSocket is just a plugin for MySQL. You can usually send SQL statements from MySQL clients, and use HandlerSocket protocols when you need high throughput.
* All operational benefits from MySQL
Again, HandlerSocket runs inside MySQL, so all MySQL operations such as SQL, online backups, replication, monitoring by Nagios / EnterpriseMonitor, etc are supported. HandlerSocket activities can be monitored by regular MySQL command such as SHOW GLOBAL STAUTS, SHOW ENGINE INNODB STATUS, SHOW PROCESSLIST, etc.
* No need to modify/rebuild MySQL
Since it's a plugin, it runs on both MySQL Community and MySQL Enterprise Servers.
* Independent from storage engines
HandlerSocket is developed so that it can talk with any storage engine, though we have tested and used with 5.1 and 5.5 InnoDB Plugin only.
Notes and Limitations
* Need to learn HandlerSocket APIs
You need to write a program to talk with HandlerSocket, though it's pretty easy to use. We provide C++ API and Perl bindings.
* No security
Like other NoSQL databases, HandlerSocket does not provide any security feature. HandlerSocket's worker threads run with system user privileges, so applications can access to all tables through HandlerSocket protocols. Of course you can use firewalls to filter packets, like other NoSQL products.
* No benefit for HDD bound workloads
For HDD i/o bound workloads, a database instance can not execute thousands of queries per second, which normally results in only 1-10% CPU usage. In such cases, SQL execution layer does not become bottleneck, so there is no benefit to use Hanldersocket. We use HandlerSocket on servers that almost all data fit in memory.
DeNA is using HandlerSocket in production
We already use HandlerSocket plugin in our production environments. The results are great. We could have reduced lots of memcached and MySQL slave servers. Overall network traffics have been reduced, too. We haven't seen any performance problem (slow response time, stalls etc) so far. We've been very satisfied with the results.
I think MySQL has been underrated from NoSQL/Database communities. MySQL actually has much longer history than most of other products, and lots of unique and great enhancements have been done so far by excellent my ex-colleagues. I know from NDBAPI that MySQL has very strong potentials as a NoSQL. Storage engine API and daemon plugin interface are completely unique, and they made Akira and DeNA develop HandlerSocket possible. As an ex-employee at MySQL and a long-time fun for MySQL, I'd like to see MySQL becomes better and more popular, not only as an RDBMS, but also as Yet Another NoSQL lineup.
Since HandlerSocket plugin is Open Source, feel free to try. We'd be appreciated if you give us any feedback.


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www.domaindeals.com is pleased to offer registration services for .IDN.TECH domain names. .IDN.TECH is the domain extension for Internet and can be registered by following the steps below:
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2. Click the Search button to check availability. .IDN.TECH Domain Name InformationIf you have any questions regarding the registration process for Internet domain, don't hesitate to contact us.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Public expenditure tracking survey in Burkina Faso
Following activities initiated in June 2011 on ethics and corruption in education in Burkina Faso, IIEP recently provided technical support to the national team in charge of carrying out a public expenditure tracking survey (PETS) in the country's basic education sector, under the auspices of UNICEF.
Corruption risk assessment in Kosovo*
IIEP has recently conducted an assessment of corruption risks in the administration of Kosovo's educational services at all levels of the system, within the framework of the UNDP Support to Anticorruption Efforts in Kosovo project (SAEK, 2013-2016).
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In 2010, there was finally good news for millions of uninsured children and families when the President and Congress took a major step towards ensuring affordable and comprehensive health coverage for millions of children and families in America. With the passage of The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (the Affordable Care Act), more than 35 million Americans including more than 95 percent of children will have access to the critical health coverage they need to survive and thrive. Among other important protections, the Affordable Care Act prohibits insurers from denying health coverage to children who desperately need it—those already sick with "pre-existing conditions." Children like Katie H. in Texas who suffers from severe seizure-like attacks that last as long as 11 hours caused by an undiagnosed neuro-developmental disorder. Katie is also deaf in one ear, has a feeding disorder, and requires daily medication for asthma. In her short life, she has already made numerous visits to the emergency room and had several hospital stays.
When Katie lost her health coverage her father tried to buy private insurance through his employer but he couldn't afford the nearly $1,000 a month cost, about 30 percent of his salary. No other private insurer would offer the family coverage for Katie due to her pre-existing conditions. Today millions of children like Katie will be able to receive the health coverage they need to grow up healthy or in less pain because of protections in the Affordable Care Act. In our wealthy nation no child should be born at low birthweight, at risk of future health and learning difficulties, because of preventable causes, or die in the first year of life because their mothers did not have adequate prenatal or postnatal care. Undiagnosed, untreated, and poorly managed health and mental health problems increase a child's chances of falling behind in school or having disciplinary problems and lower a child's chances of succeeding in and out of school. Without access to comprehensive, affordable health care, more children will do poorly in school at a time when we need to be improving our global competitiveness. Good health at birth and throughout childhood is essential for them as children and as productive future workers.
Ensuring children access to comprehensive health coverage is one of the smartest, most cost-effective choices our country can make. The hidden costs of not insuring children include high costs of uncompensated care for those without insurance; use of costly emergency room care instead of early access to primary care; long term treatment of preventable illnesses; and the costs of untreated emotional problems in children whose unmet needs bring them to the child welfare or juvenile justice systems.
Millions of children and families are already depending on the protections in the Affordable Care Act and millions more will do so as the act is implemented over the next few years. That these new and long overdue protections are now subject to a repeal attempt by some members of the new Congress is a travesty. A vote to repeal the Affordable Care Act is a vote to deny at least 16 million children, parents, and childless adults eligibility for Medicaid; threaten the successful Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) which now provides more than seven million children health coverage and is expected to double in size by 2015; and deny health coverage for the more than 1.2 million young adults now eligible for coverage through their parents' health plans as they graduate from school and seek work up to age 26. A vote to repeal the Affordable Care Act would undermine opportunities for help for hundreds of thousands of children with disabilities and other special needs. It would permit insurance companies to unjustly deny health coverage again to children like Katie with pre-existing conditions and set annual limits and lifetime caps on their coverage. A vote to repeal new health care reforms threatens our children's and taxpayers' financial futures. Senate Finance Committee Chairman Max Baucus (D-Mont) said in a press release, "the House bill to repeal the Affordable Care Act would increase America's deficit by $230 billion in just ten years. And then, it would increase the deficit by a cost equal to half a percent of our entire economy—more than one trillion dollars—in the ten years that follow. That's a cost America's children and grandchildren just can't afford."
Our nation must protect the long overdue and major gains for children and families in the Affordable Care Act. The law is already helping children and families and stopping some of the most egregious abuses of health insurers. Why would any sensible person want to go backwards and take these protections away?


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Low stock: 6 left
Zoo MIx 1336 "Disco Cells" 2 g
Zoo MIx 1336 "Disco Cells" 2 g
Zoo is a popular brand of nail art decorations that features a variety of colorful, fun, and unique designs. These decorations are made from high-quality materials that are safe and easy to use. Zoo Marmalade offers a wide range of nail art decorations, including rhinestones, studs, glitter, and other embellishments that can be used to create intricate designs on nails. The brand is known for its creative and imaginative designs that cater to a wide range of styles and preferences. Zoo Marmalade nail art decorations are perfect for adding a touch of personality and uniqueness to any manicure or pedicure, and they are a must-have for any nail art enthusiast or professional.


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Music Review: Ajab Gazabb Love
Music Director: Sajid-Wajid
Lyricists: Kausar Munir, Sukhjit Thandi and Priya Panchal
Singers: Mika Singh, Mohit Chauhan, Mohammed Irfan, Antara Mitra and Dalvinder Singh
Rating: 3 out of 5
Jackky Bhagnani's last film gave the chart-topping 'Party abhi baaki hai', and one hopes his new movie, 'Ajab Gazabb Love', will recreate the same magic with its tunes. The soundtrack, composed by Sajid-Wajid, has four original tracks and two remixes. They have got ample support from Kausar Munir, Sukhjit Thandi and Priya Panchal, who have penned the lyrics for the album.
The soundtrack kicks off with a bang as Mika Singh's rocking voice comes your way in 'Boom boom (lip lock)', a peppy number full of catchy beats. In terms of music, it is not the finest melody from Sajid-Wajid's storehouse, yet it manages to engage due to the cheeky lyrics by Priya Panchal and some good techno beats. Again, Mika's energetic voice just forces the listener to get on the floor and shake a leg on this track.
It also has a remixed version, which has a bit more beats thrown in here and there, but there's nothing to bowl you over. It's better to stick with the original, though one can sample the remixed version too.
Slowing down the tempo, 'Tu' hits the right romantic note with Mohit Chauhan's soulful vocals. There is a good play of varied musical instruments while not downplaying the singer's voice in any way. The lyrics are quite smooth and Kausar Munir has done a good job by bringing out a dreamy essence.
The sound of piano emerges loud and clear in 'Sun soniye', a romantic duet crooned by Mohammed Irfan and Antara Mitra. Their voices blend quite well and elevate the listener's spirit. The use of violin in various intervals is commendable and so are the mesmerising lyrics, penned by Kausar Munir.
There is also a remixed version of this track, but one fails to understand the necessity of turning a blissful soft track into a club number. The composers have done a decent job by transforming it into a racy song with beats, but it fails to move you.
Rounding up the album is 'Nachde Punjabi', an out and out Bhangra track, sung by Dalvinder Singh. There is a good fusion of traditional dhol beats with modern sounds and some authentic Punjabi lyrics by Sukhjit Thandi.
Overall, the soundtrack of 'Ajab Gazabb Love' is satisfactory. But it could have upped its ante had there been one or two more songs. Nonetheless, it has good energy to keep you rolling. IANS


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A program that prepares individuals to apply technical knowledge and skills to build, test, inspect, repair, service and maintain recreational vehicles, systems, and interior and exterior components. Includes instruction in brake, hydraulic, and towing systems; electrical systems; propane systems and propane and electric appliances; carpentry; plumbing; welding; and structural frames.
Diagnose, inspect, adjust, repair, or overhaul recreational vehicles including travel trailers. May specialize in maintaining gas, electrical, hydraulic, plumbing, or chassis/towing systems as well as repairing generators, appliances, and interior compone


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The Eternal Now
Satguru Sivaya Subramuniyaswami , 1998-08-19
To be centered in the eternal now is discussed by Gurudeva, how the past and the future all exist right now. The eternity of the moment exists in its totality right now. Gurudeva discusses communication, love, appreciation and gratitude. Express love today and gratitude for all that is in our lives.
Unedited Transcript:
August 19. Greetings everyone. We are really happy to be together again. Also, a lot of things are happening here at Kauai Aadheenam, quite a busy place.
To be centered in the eternal Now, that takes a little bit of doing. No matter what happens around us, we have to realise that the past and the future all exist right now. The past and the future all exist right now. That is a wonderful statement and I have been making that statement for over fifty years. Very hard to convince people. But through cyberspace, talking to you this very moment, I feel that you have caught the idea. The past and the future all exist right now.
The eternity of the moment basically, is the only time. It is a very short time, goes second by second by second. The past and the future exist in the totality right now.
What is the past? Our memory patterns. What is the future? Our hopes and fears. What is now? Sitting among those that we love, sitting among those that support us and that we support, a communication between people and people, animals and people, people and plants, plants and people, love, appreciation, gratitude.
Have a wonderful day, everyone. Expect love today. Give kind words of appreciation and gratitude for all the good that is in your life this very moment, the eternal moment, second by second by second.The past and the future exist right now.


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Weight |
48.10000 lbs |
Brand |
Fuel 1PC |
Style |
Size |
Bolt Pattern |
Offset |
1 |
Center Bore |
71.50 |
Load Rating |
2500 |
Shipping Information: Your Journey from Order to Arrival
At American Motors Garage, we're committed to providing you with a seamless shopping experience, which includes efficient and reliable shipping services. Here's everything you need to know about our shipping process:
Shipping Costs: USA and International
USA Shipping:
$25 each Wheel
- $20 each Tire
- $10 each Accessory
International Shipping:
$65 each Wheel
- $50 each Tire
- $30 each Accessory
Please Note: Upon the wheels' arrival in your country, the courier service will assess customs duties and taxes based on the destination country. These charges are the responsibility of the customer.
Shipping Times: Across Borders and Home
USA Shipping: Experience the thrill of swift delivery within the USA, with estimated delivery times ranging from 1 to 3 business days.
International Shipping: For our global enthusiasts, we're pleased to offer estimated delivery times:
- European Union (EU): 5 to 6 business days
Your Wheels, Your Adventure: From Our Garage to Yours
We understand that getting your new wheels, tires, or accessories in a timely manner is essential for your automotive journey. That's why we partner with trusted shipping carriers to ensure that your orders arrive safely and promptly.
Order Tracking and Updates: Keeping You Informed
After placing your order, you'll receive a confirmation email containing your order details and a unique tracking number. You can use this tracking number to monitor the progress of your order's journey to your doorstep.
International Customs and Duties: Your Responsibility
For international orders, customs duties, taxes, and import fees are not included in the product or shipping costs. These charges are assessed by your country's customs office and vary based on your location and the nature of the products. Please be prepared to cover these charges upon the arrival of your order.
At American Motors Garage, we're dedicated to making your shopping experience exceptional from start to finish. Feel free to reach out to our customer support if you have any questions about shipping or need further assistance. Your journey with us begins with a seamless shipping experience.


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By Reginald Stanley. Posted January 12, 2015, 9:20 PM.A slow-moving cut-off low pressure system brought rain to the region Saturday and Sunday, however timing allowed the storm to bring most of the precipitation to Los Angeles and Ventura counties on Saturday. The remaining moisture fell over the inland communities during daylight hours on Sunday. San Bernardino, Riverside and San Diego counties fared much less rain. Rain totals in the Inland Empire ranged from just 0.06 inches in Hemet, to 0.45 inches in Lake Elsinore. Northwest of Los Angeles, Simi Valley received a rather high 1.44 inches. The storm ignored the usual orographic rainfall patterns that typically distribute rainfall in the region during winter storms. Snow levels remained above 7,000 feet in the mountains. Dense fog entered the inland valleys and foothills late Sunday night, and remained there into Monday morning. Drizzle from the fog contributed to additional 1/100 precipitation measurements at many weather stations in the region. Season totals-to-date have stayed slightly above normal, and closer to average in some locations. WeatherCurrents station in Hemet leads the way with over 10 inches, helped by summer thunderstorms last year. Here are the rain totals for the WeatherCurrents network and associates:
Other Recent Weather News for French Valley, California


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Former Edmonton mayor Stephen Mandel announced yesterday that he will not run for the Progressive Conservative Party leadership. Mr. Mandel was seen as a great hope by many Edmonton Tories, who believed him to be the outsider who could breath some fresh air into the stuffy corridors of the Alberta Legislature. Mr. Mandel would have been 70-years old by the time the next election would be called.
Former cabinet minister Gary Mar has ruled himself out as a candidate, as has former Finance minister Jim Dinning. Conservative MP James Rajotte is frequently mentioned as a potential leadership candidate, but it seems unlikely. Senator Scott Tannas briefly expressed interest, but has since declined.
Former federal cabinet minister Jim Prentice is frequently mention as a contender, but is he willing to abandon his high-paying job on Bay Street, and a chance at becoming Prime Minister? Why would Mr. Prentice want lead a provincial political party that is scandal-ridden and behind the times on fundamental social policy issues?
With the obvious outsiders sitting out, this leadership race could end up being a contest defined by insiders pretending they are outsiders.
Announcing his bid last week, Municipal Affairs minister Ken Hughes is the first candidate to enter the contest. He launched his campaign by positioning himself as a political outsider, but the evidence suggests otherwise.
The former MP and chairman of Alberta Health Services served on Premier Alison Redford's transition team before he jumped back into electoral politics in 2011. Running for the PC nomination in Calgary-West, Mr. Hughes lost and then won a subsequent vote against former MLA Shiraz Shariff. Upon his election, he was immediately appointed Minister of Energy, one of the most coveted positions in cabinet.
If Finance minister Doug Horner is going to run for the leadership, which may not a certainty, he is expected to wait until after the provincial budget is passed before resigning from cabinet. Mr. Horner's support for controversial changes to Alberta's public sector pension plan, which could negatively impact the retirement security of more than 300,000 Albertans, will certainly dog him during the campaign.
Currently scheduled to break on June 5, Premier Dave Hancock suggested this week the spring session of the Assembly might be cut short before May 15. That also happens to be the first day that candidates for the PC Party leadership can pick up their nomination packages and pay $20,000 of the $50,000 entry fee. Nominations close on May 30 and accepted nominees will be announced at a party event on June 2.
Ending the session early would also save the Tories from an embarrassing two weeks of having to dodge tough questions from the Wildrose Party about Ms. Redford's travel expenses and Alberta Health Services' $1 billion in untendered sole source contracts. Other than Mr. Horner's provincial budget and two pension bills, the PCs have brought almost no substance to this session.
Other cabinet ministers rumoured to be preparing a run for the leadership include Labour minister Thomas Lukaszuk, Justice minister Jonathan Denis, Energy minister Diana McQueen, and Infrastructure minister Ric McIver. Of this group, perhaps only Mr. McIver, a first-term MLA and former Calgary alderman, could realistically argue he is an outsider.
Union donations in Alberta
Labour unions traditionally make up a small percentage of donors to Alberta's political parties, and when they donate, it is typically to one party in particular.
According to financial disclosures from Elections Alberta, the large majority of political donations made by trade unions in the first quarter of 2014 were made to the Progressive Conservatives, with more than $18,000. The province's social democratic NDP, the traditional party of organized labour, collected slightly more $6,100 in union donations in the same period.


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Why Make Changes? Just Stick on a Band-Aid!
A client shared an ad with me the other day; it was for a six minute video featuring an elderly, overweight women sharing about how her diabetic nerve pain became so debilitating, she had to seek medication. Despite the potential side effects (copied and pasted from Lyrica's own site) below, she opted to take it and feels just dandy now.
Not once was food or exercise mentioned even for a second.
I cannot even begin to express how outrageous this is!
While it's not clear whether this woman had Type I or Type II diabetes, I would venture to guess it's likely the latter in which case making dietary changes and getting one's butt in action can not only prevent this from ever happening in the first place, it can also reverse the situation and patients can become healthy enough to come off the meds under their doctor's close supervision.
Could someone please explain why taking a pill which puts them at risk for so many serious reactions is a better route to take than going Paleo? Even if Paleo was the radical, extreme diet that many make it out to be, wouldn't that even be better than what could happen from taking this chemical?
And here's the down and dirty from the site:
"LYRICA is not for everyone. LYRICA may cause serious, even life threatening, allergic reactions. Stop taking LYRICA and call your doctor right away if you have any signs of a serious allergic reaction. Some signs are swelling of your face, mouth, lips, gums, tongue, throat or neck, or if you have any trouble breathing, or have a rash, hives or blisters.
Drugs used to treat seizures increase the risk of suicidal thoughts or behavior. LYRICA may cause suicidal thoughts or actions in a very small number of people, about 1 in 500. Patients, family members or caregivers should call the doctor right away if they notice suicidal thoughts or actions, thoughts of self harm, or any unusual changes in mood or behavior. These changes may include new or worsening depression, anxiety, restlessness, trouble sleeping, panic attacks, anger, irritability, agitation, aggression, dangerous impulses or violence, or extreme increases in activity or talking. If you have suicidal thoughts or actions, do not stop LYRICA without first talking to your doctor.
LYRICA may cause swelling of your hands, legs and feet, which can be serious for people with heart problems. LYRICA may cause dizziness and sleepiness. You should not drive or work with machines until you know how LYRICA affects you. Also, tell your doctor right away about muscle pain or problems along with feeling sick and feverish, or any changes in your eyesight including blurry vision, or if you have any kidney problems or get dialysis.
Some of the most common side effects of LYRICA are dizziness, blurry vision, weight gain, sleepiness, trouble concentrating, swelling of your hands and feet, dry mouth, and feeling "high." If you have diabetes, tell your doctor about any skin sores.
You may have a higher chance for swelling and hives if you are also taking angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors so tell your doctor if you are taking these medications. You may have a higher chance of swelling of your hands or feet or gaining weight if you are also taking certain diabetes medicines. Do not drink alcohol while on LYRICA. You may have a higher chance for dizziness and sleepiness if you take LYRICA with alcohol, narcotic pain medicines, or medicines for anxiety.
Before you start LYRICA, tell your doctor if you are planning to father a child, or if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding. If you have had a drug or alcohol problem, you may be more likely to misuse LYRICA.
In studies, a specific type of blood vessel tumor was seen in mice, but not in rats. The meaning of these findings in humans is not known.
Do not stop taking LYRICA without talking to your doctor. If you stop suddenly you may have headaches, nausea, diarrhea, trouble sleeping, increased sweating, or you may feel anxious. If you have epilepsy, you may have seizures more often."
So it's that… or switching to a regime including meals of mixed greens, wild salmon, avocado and berries after a nice hike in the trails?
Hmmm… tough decision.


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FAQs - Frequently Asked Questions
1) Do free members earn commissions? Yes they earn 10% Commissions!
2) Do This ONCE A Week For Best Results – Will Solve 95% Of Any Issues You May Run Into!
Before you submit a support ticket because you feel there is a glitch, or issue where you're not receiving credit for ads clicked, or a myriad of issues, please clear your browser's History, Cache, and Cookies. Then restart your browser and see if that clears up your issue.
You should do this at least once a week, as your browser will start to cause a myriad of issues as it gets bogged down. Doing this at least once a week will not only keep your computer healthier, it will reduce issues you'll run into from your browser being bogged down.
After doing so, if you're still running into the same issue…
Try logging in with a different browser to see if you get the same issue. Some things work better with FireFox, some things with Chrome, and some things with Edge.
If you've tried with FireFox, Chrome, and Edge, still running into the same issue…
Try restarting your browser with "add-ons/plugins disabled." If you have any type of ad-blocker installed, this could also be the cause of your issue. Restarting with "add-ons/plugins disabled" will let you know if this is the issue.
If you're STILL having an issue, please submit a Support Ticket with as much detail as possible. The site name, your username, what you're clicking on and the link showing in your address bar where you are receiving the issue. The more detailed information you can supply, the faster, and easier it will be for my programmer to narrow down and fix the issue.
From time to time, we will move a site to another server to improve server loads. However, that new server could require different settings, which will cause a glitch until it is corrected for that server's configuration.
We want you to have a great experience using my sites. If you've done the things listed above, and you're still having an issue, PLEASE submit a Support Ticket with as much detail as possible to help us get that issue fixed a.s.a.p.
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While we do have a "banned/black list," 95% of the time, your ad will be rejected for using https:// at the beginning of your URLs. Using https:// URL's will prevent the Frame-Break Checker from completing, and reject your ad.
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If you have tried that, and it still says your URL has been banned, please submit a Support Ticket with the information you are trying to submit so we can test on our end. We will be adding a list of banned domains for you to view in the near future.
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After you have submitted your Cashout Request, you will need to submit a Support Ticket to let me know a Cashout Request has been submitted. The reason for this, as dumb-dumbs think it's a great idea to spam admin emails. So all Admin Emails go into a black-hole, and are never seen. So you want to submit a Support Ticket to let me know you've requested commissions, and I'll get that taken care of a.s.a.p.
We do NOT use Paypal! You may receive commissions with GooglePay, Zelle, CashApp, Venmo, Skrill, ORU, BTC (whatever the current BTC is at that time, the BTC Fee will be deducted from your total commissions when choosing this option), FaceBookPay, and if you have a Stripe Account in good standing, you can request payment with Stripe.
Please allow up to 7 days to receive payment. Almost 95% of cashout requests are paid within 24-hours, but we do request up to 7 days, as some payment processors to have a 7-Day Hold.
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They must click the Verification Link to complete the registration process. Until they do that, you will not see them in your Referral Tools area. Failure to click the Verification Link within 24-hour will result in their account automatically being deleted from the system.
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The is a Credit and Solo Ad Mailer/Safelist! While several ad options are available, your fastest results will always come from Credit Mails, Solo Ads, HP Solos, Super Solo Ads, and Sponsored Login Ads. Banner Ads, Button Ads, Text Ads, etc., should be considered as, "Long-Term" Advertising. If 1,000 members all have 10 Banner Ads with 100 Views each in rotation each, that's 1,000,000 banners in rotation. It just might take a bit before your banner pulls up, but it will pull up once in the rotation.
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Log into the Member's Area, hover your mouse over Member Tools >> My Profile. Click My Profile and scroll down to the payment section, add your preferences there and submit.
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If you have clicked on every single surf page in the database, it will kick you back because there are no more sites left to surf at the moment.
10) Why can't I delete my banner ad?
Instead of deleting your banner ad (and potentially losing any unused credits assigned to it), simply click on the "Edit" button next to the banner and enter information for a different banner of something else you want to promote.
11) How come the number of Member's is different from the number of Members I can send a Credit Mail to? I think there's a glitch in the count!
When you submit a Credit Mail, you are submitting to "Active" Members. Members that still have NOT clicked on the Email Verification Link are not yet "Active" Members. The number you see on the home page is "Total Members," not "Active" Members.
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If you have submitted a Support Ticket, and have not received a response within 72 hours, please submit a reply to your ticket, as sometimes the email notification can get lost from Gmail throttling the amount of emails that can be sent/received per minute, hour, and day.
Always remember to provide as much details information as possible to help us assist you as quickly as possible. I shouldn't have to say this, but please try to be somewhat "professional," as nasty support ticket will result in your accounts being terminate. It does not hurt you to be polite.
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The larger a list grows, the number of members you can mail, or even the frequency you can mail members may change to improve server loads and mail out abilities.
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After you complete your Peer-2-Peer payment, please submit a Support Ticket with the site you made the purchase, your username, date of purchase, method of payment, date and amount of payment. Peer-2-Peer purchase must be added manually, so you need to submit a support ticket with as much detail as possible.
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If you haven't logged into your account in over 1-year, chances are it has been terminated, and will NOT be reinstated due to YOUR neglect.
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Another Anti-Cheat feature. Some marketers think, "I'll sign up for this site, use the free promo codes, submit my ads, and then delete my account to avoid receiving emails from that site." SORRY! The moment you delete your account, or if the Admin deletes your account, ANY ads that you have in the system will now show, instead, showing members a message that your account does not exist.
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Free Members are NOT allowed to include Image URLs, Website URLs, or Email Addresses in the body of their ads. ONLY Upgraded members are allowed to do so.
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Also, we do NOT guarantee "Unique Visitors." As I own just over 300 traffic sites, it is not unusual for members to belong to more than 1 site. So, if your "Paid Tracker Service," likes to send you notifications like, "Potential Clicking Fraud," and this member's IP has clicked your ad 88 times…if you used that same tracker link on 88 sites, and a member belongs to all 88 sites, then yes, it is possible for them to click your ad 88+ times.
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If you have made a purchase, but did not receive your purchase, or are having issues, please submit a Support Ticket with as much detail as possible so we can assist you in making sure you received what you purchased.
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Rated Input voltage:100V-
Charges 12V 1.5Ah battery in 2Hr
Suitable for 12V multiple tools
Packed by color box
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The prayer of Mount
Athos , who does not recognize it? It is comprised of one small
phrase, of measured words.
"Lord Jesus Christ, have mercy on
me, a sinner."
With the loud cry "Lord", we
glorify God, His glorious majesty, the King of Israel, the Creator of visible
and invisible creation, Whom Seraphim and Cherubim tremble before.
With the sweet invocation and summons
"Jesus", we witness that Christ is present, our Savior, and we
gratefully thank Him, because He has prepared for us life eternal.
With the third word "Christ",
we theologically confess that Christ is the Son of God and God. No man saved
us, nor angel, but Jesus Christ, the true God.
There follows the intimate petition
"have mercy", and we venerate and entreat that God would be
propitious, fulfilling our salvation's demands, the desires and needs of our
That "on me", what range it
has! It is not only myself, it is everyone admitted to citizenship in the state
of Christ, in the holy Church; it is all those who are members of the body of
the Bridegroom.
And finally, so that our prayer be full
of life, we close with the word "a sinner", confessing - since we are
all sinners - as all the Saints confess and became through this sound sons of
light and of the day.
Through this we understand, that this
prayer involves:
and Confession.


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http://ccl.net/cca/software/MS-WINDOWS/Electrochemist/index.shtml |
CCL README.txt | ||||
Electrochemist: electrochemical simulation and data analysis New version: polar.zip Old versions: http://www.ccl.net/cca/software/MS_WINXT/Electrochemist/Polarograms Software ELECTROCHEMIST.com (former Polar and Polarograph) is virtual electrochemist who can analyze and simulate electrochemical experiments. For detailed instructions, manual, and guide to elecrochemical analysis, please visit Author's site: http://www.electrochemist.com It simulates: analytically and digitally voltammetry and chronoamperometry on virtually any mechanism in 4 models (finite and semi-infinite diffusions, convection and adsorption) at over 10 electrode geometries (planar, spherical, semi-spherical, cylindrical, semi-cylindrical, microdisc, thin film, and their rotating electrodes) by virtually any waveform techniques (e.g. linear sweep, CV, DC, normal pulse, differential pulse, square wave, additive square wave, staircase voltammetries, user-defined or imported waveform chronoamperometry and voltammetry). It also simulates the effects to change over 30 parameters, e.g. charge current, resistance, noise, preconcentration time and potential, convection, pH, the reactant and product numbers, etc. This software provides five ways to check accuracy of simulation. It calculates over 1000 types of theoretical peak values. It plots and analyses any x,y data for detecting peak location, peak height, peak width, semi-derivative, derivative, integral, semi-integral, convolution, deconvolution, curve fitting, and separating overlapped peaks and background current. It shows tip when the user put mouse cursor over a lable. The progrom can separate overlapped voltammograms into individuals, and extract real peak from voltammogram with noise and baseline. It outputs the theoretical peak values, the peak current and potential, and current-potential data, which can be imported into other program (e.g. MS Excel). User can copy-and-paste the voltammogram into his document. It has been successfully applied to fit experimental polarograms (voltammograms) of In(III), Cd(II), Pb(II), Tl(I), Cr(III). Zn(II), and binuclear copper complex in aqueous and non-aqueous media at mercury, solid metal and non-metal electrodes (specifically the dropping mercury, hanging mercury drop, gold, platinum and glassy carbon electrodes) by various electrochemical techniques (differential pulse, square wave, and pseudo-derivative normal pulse polarographies). It is available from the author or download from my Web site. Special requirement: MS VB 6 runtime. http://www.simtel.net/simtel.net/win95/dll.html Changes: Additional features added. Shareware. Uploaded by the author. Dr W. Huang DrHuang Pty Ltd firstname.lastname@example.com http://www.electrochemist.com http://www.DrHuang.com |
[ CCL Home Page ]
[ Polarograms ]
[ Raw Version of this page ]
Modified: Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 GMT |
Page accessed 6733 times since Mon Nov 16 18:39:54 2009 GMT |


text: FGmarket makes every attempt to ensure that the information included in our wholesale directory is complete and accurate. However, since the industry is constantly evolving, we need your help. If you do business with a wholesale supplier, manufacturer, grower, etc., who is not listed in our wholesale directory, please help us by providing the company's information on the form below. Thanks in advance for your assistance.


text:
Water Features Projects
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Here are my ideas for housing of modules for the community project:#1 (see cube.png which is an example of a servo module) Each module is housed inside a cube with four metal plates on each side for power and the i2c bus. problems would be:hard to keep all plates in contact plates could be easily bridged#2 Same as #1 but instead of plates you could use 4 bolts that would supply both a mechanical connection between the cubes and an electrical connection.I think It would be really cool if we could build the housing for the modules in such a way so that you wouldn't need a chassis. Does any of this make sense or am I going off in the completely wrong direction? Feel free to post your ideas in this thread.


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Human Rights Day is celebrated annually in South Africa on 21st March, and is arguably one of the country's most important public holidays. The commemoration of this day serves as a reminder to all citizens of the country's struggle for democracy, and the sacrifices that were made on everyone's behalf to attain the basic rights of dignity, equality and freedom.
As well as being a remembrance of the suffering that was endured in the days of apartheid, this national day is also a celebration of the rights that everyone living in the RSA now enjoys (and often takes for granted).
One of the most notable celebrations is the Cape Town Festival, which aims to promote tolerance and understanding of diversity through performances, workshops and various artistic endeavours. While other events around the country are designed to draw attention to current human rights concerns, such as racism and police brutality.
A bit of background
Back on 21st March 1960, thousands of unarmed South Africans gathered in a township called Sharpeville to peacefully protest against the atrocious apartheid government and its pass laws, which required indigenous adults to carry a passbook with them everywhere (this allowed the regime to control travel and dictate the duration for which black South Africans could stay in white areas).
However, as the crowd grew in size, tensions increased along with the police presence. 150 armed reinforcements and four armoured personnel carriers arrived, and the police eventually opened fire on the crowd, murdering 69 people and injuring 180 more.
This massacre became a turning point in the struggle for human rights in South Africa, which finally came to a head on 27th April 1994 when Nelson Mandela was elected as president. Shortly after his election, Tata Madiba announced 21st March to be Human Rights Day, in order to pay tribute to the people who fought for the freedom of all South Africans.
Know your rights
The South African Constitution protects the human rights of all its citizens. These rights were previously denied to the overwhelming majority of the population, and Human Rights Day thus serves as an important reminder to us all to reinforce our commitment to the Bill of Rights that is specified in the Constitution.
These hard-earned rights stipulate that everyone is equal before the law and thus has the right to equal protection and benefit of the law. The bill also includes the right for inherent human dignity to be respected and protected; the right to freedom of movement and residence anywhere in the country; the right to participate in the cultural life of choice; and the right to peaceful protest.
Financial rights?
Likewise, being financially secure and having access to a certain standard of living is also an important goal that all South Africans should strive for. Knowing how to make your money work for you can greatly relieve stress, as well as improve the quality of your life and afford you the freedom of choice.
Protections and benefits come in different forms, and there are ways to make the most of your earnings so that you can live comfortably and look after your family — even after you've gone. The key is to be aware of your entitlements, so that you can maximise your benefits and ensure you are protected in the event of any unforeseen circumstances.
The battle against the oppression of apartheid may have been won, but we still need to fight for the right to financial security. Don't hesitate to arrange a meeting if you wish to discuss any legislative rights that could help to improve your financial situation.


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That is when you can experience true joy, when you have no fear. We don't really know where this goes – and I'm not sure we really care. You better get your coat out, this is going to be a cold painting. So often we avoid running water, and running water is a lot of fun. Isn't it great to do something you can't fail at? But they're very easily killed. Clouds are delicate.
Go out on a limb – that's where the fruit is. And just raise cain. Clouds are free they come and go as they please. Let's put some happy little bushes on the other side now.
Bob Mayor
The least little bit can do so much. This present moment is perfect simply due to the fact you're experiencing it. You can get away with a lot. This is probably the greatest thing to happen in my life – to be able to share this with you.
Change your perspective
Just take out whatever you don't want. It'll change your entire perspective. This is where you take out all your hostilities and frustrations. It's better than kicking the puppy dog around and all that so. Look at them little rascals.
Maybe he has a little friend that lives right over here. At home you have unlimited time. Son of a gun. And maybe a little bush lives there. A happy cloud.


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Currently, the 20 years old guy hailing from Surat is the CEO of a renowned digital marketing company named LKS Media; he is also a member who has his own social media page called Log.Kya.Sochenge.
Surat (Gujarat) [India], August 31: Making a career in social media has become today's norm. However, you cannot succeed without having certain qualities, and no one knows this better than Neel Shah. By profession, he is a social media expert who has uplifted numerous businesses via social media sites.
Currently, the 20 years old guy hailing from Surat is the Ceo of a renowned digital marketing company named LKS Media; he is also a member who has his own social media page called Log.Kya.Sochenge.
When asked about the motive behind starting this page, he says," The reach of social media helped me to follow my passion. I have always wanted to entertain other people, and what's better than being a memer. "The page is now followed by 4.5 million active users, which itself shows the efforts made by Neel to keep people entertained.
Thanks to Neel's personality and confidence, today, he has managed to build his image from scratch. Social media campaigns for renowned brands like Tiktok, HelloApp, Likee & AamAadmiParty were all successfully run by this young entrepreneur. When he was asked about the success of the campaigns, he said, "My main focus was to ensure that I use the reach of social media to its maximum, and that's what I did. Thanks to my team, they were on their toes to ensure that the campaign gets its desired success, and that's what it got."
With time and experience, Neel has enhanced his networking skills, and today his connections are stronger than many other Entrepreneurs. Driven by its content, his social media handle is followed by many celebrities, including Hiba Nawab & Kartik Aaryan.
Entrepreneurship doesn't come naturally, and he is a living example of it. Over time, Neel strived hard for what he has today. There have been times when situations were tougher than usual, but Neel's dedication and passion never allowed him to give up. In this growing competition, we all know that his journey might get challenging in the future, but we all know that he will achieve everything he deserves with his resilience.
If you have any objection to this press release content, kindly contact pr.error.rectification[at]gmail.com to notify us. We will respond and rectify the situation in the next 24 hours.


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The organisation "Société de l'Aéroport de Luxembourg" is committed to making its website accessible, in accordance with the law of 28th May 2019 on the accessibility of websites and mobile applications of public sector bodies. This accessibility statement applies to https://www.lux-airport.lu/
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Everyone should be able to easily use and consult the information on a website or an app, in particular people with disabilities and/or using assistive software or specialised equipment (blind, partially sighted or otherwise disabled people).
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This website is partially compliant with the European Standard EN 301 549 and the RGAA version 4, due to the reasons listed below.
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If you notice a lack of accessibility, please send us an email to [email protected]: please describe your problem and the relevant page. We promise to get back to you within 1 month. In order fix the accessibility issue in a long lasting and reasonable way, the online correction of the accessibility problem will be privileged. If this cannot be done, the desired information will be sent to you in an accessible format according to your wishes:
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Category: Book Dealers-Retail
Book Dealers-Retail
Barnes & Noble, Inc. (NYSE:BKS) is a Fortune 500 company, the nation's largest retail bookseller and a leading retailer of content, digital media and educational products. The Company operates 634 Barnes & Noble bookstores in 50 states (as of January 28, 2017), and one of the Web's premier e-commerce sites, BN.com . Our Nook Digital business offers a lineup of popular NOOK® tablets and eReaders and an expansive collection of digital reading content through the NOOK Store® .
Our Mission
...There are over 600 Barnes & Noble Booksellers locations in the US.
Barnes & Noble Booksellers Hours And Locations for Mississippi


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Richard Holbrooke Biography
Richard Holbrooke
diplomatBorn: 4/24/1941
Birthplace: New York City
Died: 12/13/2010
Deathplace: Washington, D.C.
A career diplomat well known within the Washington Beltway, Holbrooke became a familiar face to the rest of the country when he brokered a peace agreement among the warring factions in Bosnia, leading to the signing of the Dayton Peace Accords in 1995. Educated at Brown, Holbrooke joined the U.S. State Department shortly after graduation and has worked in some of their most challenging assignments. Between stints at State, he developed a formidable reputation on Wall Street where he cultivated a career in investment banking, making millions of dollars. In August 1999, Holbrooke was confirmed by the Senate as chief American diplomat to the United Nations, ending a 14-monthlong nomination process that languished amid partisan bickering and political maneuvering. He served as the United States' chief representative to the United Nations until 2001. When Barack Obama took office, Holbrooke had hoped to become Secretary of State, but the job was given to Hillary Clinton and she became his boss. Holbrooke's final assignment was the difficult task of trying to bring stability to Afghanistan and Pakistan. He advocated increasing not only the number of troops deployed to Afghanistan, but also the level of humanitarian and development aid.


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© 2024 MJH Life Sciences™ and BioPharm International. All rights reserved.
Continuous countercurrent tangential chromatography (CCTC) is a column-free process that provides a scalable, disposable, and cost-saving alternative to column chromatography.
As advances in cell-culture technology have resulted in more productive and efficient therapeutic protein upstream processes, the pressure on downstream processing has grown with often protein purification being a bottleneck in protein manufacture. Conventional column chromatography, which is typically operated in batch mode, may be inefficient, costly, and ill-suited for adaptation to single-use systems. Continuous countercurrent tangential chromatography (CCTC) has the potential to address these limitations of conventional column chromatography.
Issues with current technology
For protein purification, the low efficiency of batch-column chromatography operations results in high capital costs, high operating costs, and long process times, according to Oleg Shinkazh, CEO of Chromatan Corporation, a chromatography solutions provider. "These issues are particularly noticeable in clinical manufacturing, where expensive resins such as Protein A are only used to 10% of their useful lives," he notes. In addition to purification process bottlenecks, adds Kent Smeltz, President of ASI, a manufacturer of single-use systems and technologies, there is a significant technology gap with respect to the adoption of single-use systems for protein purification. "Purification operations are the only ones that have not been economically designed for single use," he says.
Combining the principles of chromatography and continuous processing
Continuous countercurrent tangential chromatography combines the principles of chromatography and continuous/conveyor-belt processing with liquid–liquid extraction and tangential flow filtration to create the first "true moving bed" technology (as opposed to simulated moving bed) that is capable of large-scale, column-free capture purification of biologics, according to Shinkazh.
Initially developed by Chromatan and now under joint development by Chromatan and ASI, the Evopure system preserves the robust resin interaction and buffer chemistry of column chromatography while using a flow path specifically designed for single-use operation.
"In contrast to conventional-column chromatography, where the resin particles are packed in a fixed-bed column, in our system the chromatography resin is suspended in a slurry that is pumped through the system in a manner similar to that of a conveyor belt. The system is designed so that the resin is simultaneously 'operated on' by the same types of chromatographic operations used in conventional chromatography, such as binding, washing, elution, stripping, etc. As the resin flows through a series of static mixers and hollow fiber membrane modules, the buffers used in the binding, washing, and elution steps flow countercurrent to the resin, enabling high-resolution separations while reducing the amount of buffer needed for protein purification. The flow path is a sophisticated single-use tubing set that consists of static mixers and tangential flow filters in series with built-in countercurrent recycling loops similar to those used in liquid/liquid extraction processes," he explains.
Reduced costs, scalable, and single-use
The Evopure system addresses three critical needs of the purification industry—cost savings on capital and operational costs, a single-use and sterile flow path, and linear scalability, according to Smeltz. Specifically, with CCTC, throughput is increased 5- to 10-fold when compared to conventional columns, which enables high resin cycling in a single batch. CCTC thus, makes single-use capture practical and introduces significant cost savings of up to 65% to the end user, according to Shinkazh.
The fact that the technology is column-free is also important for end users. Shinkazh points out that with CCTC, there is no longer the need to spend time and resources on column packing and qualification, column cleaning, cleaning validation, and resin storage. "As a result, the implementation of a CCTC system will greatly simplify the purification process and enable much more flexibility in manufacturing operations," he observes.
Partnering for rapid commercialization
ASI and Chromatan announced in April 2013 an exclusive agreement to combine their development, sales, marketing, and manufacturing efforts to bring the CCTC purification technology to market. Under the terms of the agreement, ASI and Chromatan will complete the development of the newly patented technology and launch the purification system during the fourth quarter of 2013.
"ASI and Chromatan are very well-suited to bring this innovation to market because each company brings to the table the specialized expertise required," notes Smeltz. Specifically, he indicates that ASI has strong capabilities with respect to the development of turnkey single-use solutions all the way from design through marketing, manufacturing, and shipping of product. "ASI is dedicated to introducing single-use technologies to the market that differentiate themselves from current single-use technology. CCTC is such a technology," Smeltz adds. In addition, the company has a strong quality system that enables it to custom-configure solutions to each customer's process while meeting the quality and documentation standards that are required.
As the original innovator of the CCTC technology, Chromatan has been effective at developing systems for feasibility testing and generated a significant amount of data. The company has conducted extensive experiments on the use of CCTC for the purification of an IgG4 monoclonal antibody from a model feed containing bovine serum albumin and myoglobin using a protein A affinity resin (1) and the separation of a model protein mixture containing bovine serum albumin and myoglobin using a commercially available anion exchange resin (2).
ASI has carefully reviewed the data and believes that working with Chromatan will make it possible for the company to not only better serve existing customers, but also bring in new customers that have not previously been exposed to the company's services, according to Smeltz. "We believe in the technology. Chromatan has done a fantastic job of creating an innovation that is going to change the course of protein purification in bioprocessing. Together, we can better serve the industry as a whole," he adds.
For Shinkazh, the partnership will also allow both companies to benefit from each other's strengths and grow their businesses. Chromatan will be responsible for the technical sales and technical support of customers. ASI will be responsible for the hardware and single-use component manufacturing for the partnership. In addition, the companies will jointly design the commercial Evopure system and comarket and cobrand the technology.
Helping where it hurts the most
The first continuous countercurrent tangential chromatography systems will be designed for use in the application where the customer is hurting the most—protein A capture chromatography for monoclonal antibodies, according to Shinkazh. "We have picked this application as our initial target because there will be an immediate cost savings and speed to the process."
Evopure is, however, a platform technology. In the near future, ASI and Chromatan will be exploring its use for ion-exchange chromatography and other more niche-type applications. Both ASI and Chromatan see their partnership as a long-term investment in innovation, according to Smeltz. "There is very strong evidence that our industry is moving towards flexible, single-use facilities, and we believe that this partnership will result in bringing to market an exciting new technology that can truly serve our customers in that regard."
1. B. Napadensky et al., Separation Science and Technology 48 (9) 1289-1297 (2013).
2. O. Shinkazh et al., Biotechnol. Bioeng.; 108 (3) 582–591 (2011).


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- Strong abdominal muscles may actually prevent you from incurring a back injury, since these muscles are so critical to maintaining your spine's position, as well as assisting you with lifting.
- Strong abdominals can also lower, minimize, or avoid back pain from excessive strains, help your body deal with sudden bouts of stress, and play an important role in healing after spine surgery or a debilitating back injury.
Here is a simple exercise for strengthening your abdominals:
- Lie on your back with your knees bent and feet flat on the floor.
- Tighten your abdominal muscles and tilt your pelvis backward, pushing your lower back toward the floor.
- Hold 5 seconds, then relax.
- Do 20 repetitions.


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As seen through the eyes of the Whitney, the last two years of American art-making were defined by an enormous amount of mediocre abstract painting, a complete lack of nuanced emotion, and sculpture that mostly looks like nothing. You and I both know that isn't true.
Given the disorganized arrangement of works on display at the Whitney Biennial, though, one can't help seeing much of its work in an unflattering light. I know I keep beating this drum, but curators in this city—starting with Biennial organizers Jay Saunders and Elizabeth Sussman—need to pay a lot more attention to exhibition design, on- and offline.


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The Washington State Chinese Lantern Festival dazzled thousands of visitors. The event is located in Riverfront Park and celebrating traditional Chinese performances and activities. Beautiful lanterns illuminated Spokane's Riverfront Park. The main attraction is a pagoda located toward the end of the venue and is a sight to behold. The pagoda, entitled the Porcelain Tower, is made entirely of china — cups, bowls, bottles and spoons.
credit: TooFarNorth


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There are some new phone apps out there that may help with your Christmas shopping challenges.
- You can actually get a map of the inside of your Walmart or Target stores. That would come in hand for short people like me who can't see over the heads of the crowds.
- There is something called RedLaser that will shop for items that are available in your area to save you driving around or sitting on hold on the phone to see if the product you want is available.
- How about knowing when something you have ordered has been delivered. Slice will organize your confirmation of purchase emails but will track the delivery for you. It will also advise you if the price has gone down so you can request the difference back.
- When life gives you Lemon use it! Lemon digitizes all your receipts in your phone when you photograph the receipt. It can also be used to track your loyalty cards numbers so you don't have to carry so many with you. They can just key in your number at the checkout instead of scanning one of your 400 cards. There are some more perks you can get with this app if you buy it but the basic version is free.
- Snaptell will compare prices with Amazon's price. You can also go via a link to other sites that rate the products as well.
Now all I need is an app that brings me coffee and then wraps all the Christmas gifts for me. Come on team…lets get working on that app. Christmas will be here soon.


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Dylan Walsh -- Ordered to Pay Ex-Wife HALF Of 'Nip/Tuck' Money
Dylan Walsh Ordered to Pay Ex-Wife HALF Of 'Nip/Tuck' Money
Former "Nip/Tuck" star Dylan Walsh is officially divorced from his ex-wife -- but guy shoulda signed a pre-nup ... because the split's gonna cost him half of pretty much everything, including his "Nip/Tuck" money.
The divorce decree was signed by a judge last week -- and according to the divorce docs, Walsh agreed to pay his actress ex-wife Joanna Going half of his royalties from "Nip/Tuck," a couple movies, an "SVU" episode, and more.
Meanwhile, Going agreed to pay him half of her royalties from work she did during their marriage -- including acting work on random shows like "CSI," and "Criminal Minds."
Since Walsh made out with more than Going, Walsh also agreed to ante up an extra $118,376 to even out the spoils.
As for their 9-year-old daughter -- Walsh and Going have agreed to split legal custody.
Walsh -- who makes $93,000 per episode on his new show "Unforgettable" -- has agreed to pay roughly $4,300 from each paycheck in child support. Oh yeah, he also has to pay a boat load of spousal support until 2015.
Walsh filed for divorce in 2010. They got married in 2004.
The lesson -- sign a pre-nup.


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All season, it's been a wacky pattern that defies explanation.
How can a team as strong as the 49ers not have more than a two-game winning streak? Why have the Niners failed to win every third game they've played?
And the biggest question of all: Will the third-game curse be in effect this Sunday when the 49ers travel to Atlanta to play the No. 1 seeded Falcons in the NFC Championship Game?
After losing to the Seattle Seahawks on a Sunday night on Dec. 23, the 49ers have rebounded with a win over Arizona in the regular-season finale and then last week's divisional-round playoff victory over Green Bay. Now comes Game No. 3 – as well as a potential double whammy, with the "Sports Illustrated curse." Head coach Jim Harbaugh and quarterback Colin Kaepernick are on the cover of this week's magazine.
Though the 49ers looked like potential Super Bowl champs with their big win over the Packers last week, past performance means nothing when it comes to this season's weird every-third-game pratfall.
The loss in Seattle came after the 49ers had dominated the New England Patriots; the loss to the Rams in St. Louis on Dec. 2 came after consecutive impressive victories over the Saints and Bears.
Kevin Lynch of the San Francisco Chronicle last week said one common thread to most of the losses (and tie) was the 49ers came up short against hard-running teams: the Vikings and Adrian Peterson in Game 3, the Giants and Ahmad Bradshaw in Game 6, the Rams and Steven Jackson (twice) and the Seahawks and Marshawn Lynch in in Game 15.
This week, the Niners will face a Falcons team that prefers to pass with quarterback Matt Ryan than pound the ball with Michael Turner – though Turner is certainly a running back who can pound, if given the opportunity.
Randy Cross, a former standout guard for the 49ers and now an NFL analyst for CBS, told Bruce Newman of the Bay Area News Group that the pattern likely holds little weight for the players on the team. It's the least of their concerns and has nothing to do with the task at hand.
"Your brain just doesn't work like that when you're playing week to week," Cross told Newman. "The only thing they have to think about, and the only way that they do think, is about a one-game winning streak. Three one-game winning streaks, that's all it takes (for the Niners to get to the Super Bowl, and win it)."
Grant Cohn of the Santa Rosa Press Democrat wrote this week that the 49ers suffer from Third Game Syndrome, and calls it the "X factor" of the team's season.
"No one can pinpoint the cause of TGS, although some have tried," he wrote this week. "In their 12 wins, the 49ers beat their opponents by an average of 17.3 points, but in every third game, the 49ers were outscored by an average of 15.2 points."
As Cross noted, however, the 49ers don't care. Their focus is on shutting down the Falcons and putting enough points on the board on offense to earn a trip to the Super Bowl.
"We're not really aware of that," safety Donte Whitner told Cohn. "We don't worry about that. It doesn't really matter. I think it's just a coincidence."


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