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When asked over on Friday about Milner Hendo channeled his inner-Rodgers by hailing Milner as a 'fantastic player and a 'brilliant' signing, who'll be 'brilliant in the dressing room', and 'brilliant on the pitch' (the key words here is 'brilliant'). He further added:
"From speaking to him [Milner], he can't wait to get started. You know what you are going to get from Milly, and I look forward to playing with him."
'Milly'? Urgh. I hope that effeminate nickname doesn't stick - it reminds of 'Star Wars Episode 1: The Phantom Menace', when various characters risibly refer to Anakin Skywalker (i.e. Darth Vader) as 'Anni' (and I hate being reminded of that godforsaken movie), but I digress...
In my view, Henderson goes way overboard with his fawning tribute to Milner (he labels him 'brilliant' three times), and it sounds to me like he's overcompensating a little.
'Milly' is widely expected to take Steven Gerrard's vacant central midfield role (just typing 'Milner' and 'Gerrard' in the same sentence fills me with nausea), which means he may end up as direct competition with Henderson.
As such, Henderson is probably trying to appear as magnanimous as possible, even though he may privately fear that he'll be under increased pressure to retain his place in the team next season.
That said, it will not surprise me in the slightest if Rodgers plays Milner out of position as a holding midfielder, just as he did with Gerrard many times in the now-departed captain's final two seasons at Anfield.
Gerrard did well there for a while, before he (predictably) got found out, but playing Milner there will be the latest in a long line of bizarre positional decisions, most of which have been detrimental to the team.
So, what is Milner's best position. According to Reds legend Jamie Carragher:
"His [Milner's] best position is tucked in from the right in a central role which is also Jordan Henderson's [best position], so it'll be interesting how those two fit into next year's midfield set up".
I am against the signing of Milner as a regular first-teamer, but, if he is to be a regular fixture in the team, then he should be played in his best position, and if it transpires that he is more effective than Henderson 'tucked in from the right in a central role', then Henderson should make way.
Obviously, the player who performs the best in a given position should keep that position, and if that means established players drop to the bench, then so be it.
As always, the team comes first, not the individual.
Author: Jaimie K


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Related Expertise: Operations, Culture and Change Management
By Alex Wachtmeister, Wilderich Heising, Rainer Filitz, and Franziska Eberl
Across industries, quality is back at the top of the executive agenda. Many executives have been spurred into action by prominent cases of quality mismanagement, including those involving leading automotive OEMs and steel producers, and by evidence of their own organizations' persistent quality problems. The result has been the strongest revival of interest in quality since the emergence of "total quality management" tools three decades ago.
The recent spike in high-profile quality incidents has occurred despite many years of heavy investments in quality management systems, processes, and IT. These investments held the promise of securing and consistently improving the quality of operations. So what went wrong? Simply put, many organizations have become proficient at ensuring quality by "checking boxes," while ignoring the imperative to make quality an integral part of the corporate culture.
To rapidly improve their company's quality maturity, executives need a new approach—one that brings the rules to life and hardwires quality, as a paramount value, into the organization's DNA. Leaders must adjust the context in which they and their employees work, so that everyone in the organization makes an affirmative choice to adopt quality-driven mindsets and behavior.
Transforming quality from a compliance exercise into a way of working typically requires a multistep journey led from the C-suite. Although completing the program may require two to four years, companies can generate tangible benefits within months.
No leadership team can avoid putting quality at the top of its agenda. Fulfilling this imperative begins with establishing a common understanding of quality. All too often, organizations think of quality solely in terms of meeting specifications for products or services. To integrate a quality mindset into the fabric of daily work, an organization needs a customer-centric definition of quality that is linked to delivering the corporate vision and strategic goals. This definition could be as basic as "quality means consistently giving our customers what they want, when and how they want it." Such a definition recognizes the inseparability of quality leadership and industry leadership.
Members of the management team must be motivated to apply the definition of quality in their own work and ensure that all levels of the organization know the definition and apply it. To generate awareness of the consequences of poor quality, the executives driving the effort should share insights from quality incidents that have occurred both within the company and at other companies. It is particularly important to highlight the risks that exist within the company, such as those identified in quality audits. Managers should understand their legal responsibilities and the potential consequences of failing to meet them, including personal liability. For example, several managers of a Japanese steel company were indicted following a scandal involving the falsification of data related to product quality.
Awareness-raising efforts should also emphasize the financial impact of quality incidents. The high costs of product recalls arising from quality deficiencies are especially obvious. (See Exhibit 1.) These costs are incurred by companies across industries, although the automotive industry suffers the most.
Additionally, costs related to production inefficiencies, increased downtime, and rejected products have a substantial impact on profitability across industries. In the automotive and aerospace industries, for instance, the costs of scrap and rework represent approximately 2% of sales. (See Exhibit 2.)
To set the stage for taking corrective actions, the management team must systematically identify the internal root causes of poor quality and recognize the gap between the expected and current state of quality maturity (that is, how well quality is embedded in the organization and its culture, processes, and IT systems). It can then establish a common understanding of the improvement priorities. An assessment of the current state typically includes the following:
Benchmarking. The company can complement the internal perspectives provided by the health check by benchmarking its practices against those of companies that have set the standard for designing organizations and cultures that promote quality.
The root causes and gaps identified in step 2 provide the basis for identifying the most important requirements of the company's quality model. The model should describe in detail the target state of quality maturity. To achieve the target model, the company needs a quality transformation program that defines the necessary improvement actions and a roadmap for implementation.
Companies need to ensure visibility into, and the independence of, important aspects of quality (such as standard setting and auditing) and provide the appropriate level of central oversight and governance. To that end, many will need to adjust their organizational structure.
Successful companies make distinct choices about organizational structure based on their culture. Organizations that start with a weak quality culture typically need a central quality team with strong enforcement power to define and bring to life the new model. Addressing quality issues at the local level may not be effective if a commitment to quality is not yet instilled in the culture. Indeed, at most companies that excel in quality today, a central team drove the transition from a weak to a strong culture. For example, at a company in a process industry, transitioning to centralized management of quality was a key mitigation step after a highly publicized quality scandal. In contrast, organizations in which employees are already highly committed to quality may choose a self-organized approach, with local teams directing the adoption of the new model.
A quality journey requires cross-functional participation, with all relevant stakeholders involved from start to finish. A central quality department is typically best positioned to coordinate the program and connect the various stakeholders. The department should become a promoter of culture change—driving organization-wide communication and providing training and engagement programs. The department should also oversee quality performance and track the implementation of improvement actions.
In addition, companies need to establish stringent quality assurance and control processes that are supported by an effective IT infrastructure. Sound internal auditing processes can substantially reduce the risk of major incidents. Such processes enable the early identification of inadequate practices or weak control systems in decentralized business units. They can also be a powerful engine for change, as long as the audit teams are regarded as a partner to the business rather than a policing function. In the best case, the audit teams identify concrete improvement opportunities and share them across the organization. To be effective, auditing processes need to be independent from the business and supported by end-to-end quality workflows. Such workflows connect all steps along the company's full value chain and break down silos between the different steps. IT plays a vital role by creating data transparency, securing the integrity of the data, and fulfilling requirements for legal documentation.
Quality policies, principles, standards, and codes of practice by themselves do not change behaviors. To be effective, a cultural transformation must start by addressing the context within which people work. Employees' mindsets and behaviors will evolve to conform to the new context.
In particular, leaders must "walk the talk" on quality by demonstrating personal commitment and engagement and standing up for quality when incidents occur. Using the platforms provided by the quality department, they need to generate tailwinds for quality starting on day one of the transformation. Particularly effective examples of leading from the top include the following.
Engaging in Site Walks. Senior managers should periodically visit production sites and engage in positive conversations with employees about quality. By being present on the shop floor and talking about quality, leaders can help instill the importance of quality in the minds of employees, as well as demonstrate their personal commitment. A leading company in a heavy industry, for example, conducts "senior management quality tours" of production sites, so that leaders can have regular conversations with employees about the importance of quality. Such conversations are much more effective for instilling a quality culture than talking about quality only in the aftermath of an incident.
Initiating a Train-the-Trainer Cascade. Quality awareness training should cover much more than the technical and compliance aspects of quality. It must also address behavioral, ethical, and collaborative aspects, as well as customers' perspectives. A workshop is the best format for such discussions.
To enhance the dialogue and ensure that all organizational levels are engaged, the company should roll out quality awareness training through a train-the-trainer cascade. Such a program begins with professional trainers instructing company leaders on quality topics and training techniques. These leaders train a larger group of employees, who then may train another group, and so on. Many companies have found that, compared with traditional methods, this is a rapid, cost-effective way to roll out quality training across the organization and improve skill retention.
Using Digital Media. The company can use digital media to support its effort to embed quality in the culture. For example, the train-the-trainer cascade can make use of online courses. To raise awareness and extend the reach of its training program, a metals company uses "e-learning" modules covering quality topics such as testing, certification, auditing, and catering to customer needs. Social media can also be effective. A heavy-industry company has created social media platforms on which employees can discuss quality topics, including a chat group that has seen high levels of engagement.
Jointly Shaping the New Approach to Quality. Leaders should participate in the process of defining the new approach to quality. This participation often includes collaborating with quality experts to develop and disseminate new quality policies and standards. Leaders' participation helps them appreciate the work of experts and allows them to integrate their points of view into the new approach. Their buy-in and support helps ensure that new rules do not become "paper tigers."
Reviewing Quality Performance. Leaders should participate in regular review cycles that track quality KPIs and progress toward implementing improvement actions. In addition to traditional output-oriented quality performance indicators (such as customer complaint rates or cost of poor quality), best-practice companies track early-warning indicators (such as the rate of nonconformities detected in audits). They also track leading indicators of sustainable quality excellence. These include participation rates in quality training sessions, the number of quality site walks conducted by senior management, and the deployment rate of new quality standards. Tracking these KPIs allows a company to identify the need for an in-depth examination of weak spots and pinpoint areas for improvement.
Establishing Quality Task Forces. The company should prepare a detailed action plan to guide the rapid ramp-up of a team that can respond to severe quality incidents. The team should include members from the quality function as well as experts from other functions affected by the incident, including the legal counsel and the public relations department. The team must have access to the resources and expertise required to effectively respond, so that it can fulfill legal obligations and internal compliance standards while minimizing the impact on the company. Drawing upon expertise from different business functions, the company should create procedures and step-by-step guidance for how the organization should respond to quality incidents that are discovered internally through audits or whistleblowers or externally by the media or government authorities.
A well-designed program for a fast quality turnaround will significantly enhance individual awareness and ownership of quality and set the stage for the journey to quality excellence. It is essential to focus on culture as the context for quality, rather than just promulgating standards that define the content of quality. Considering that a quality issue can have catastrophic consequences for a company, no leadership team can afford to take a wait-and-see attitude to achieving quality excellence.
Boston Consulting Group partners with leaders in business and society to tackle their most important challenges and capture their greatest opportunities. BCG was the pioneer in business strategy when it was founded in 1963. Today, we work closely with clients to embrace a transformational approach aimed at benefiting all stakeholders—empowering organizations to grow, build sustainable competitive advantage, and drive positive societal impact.
Our diverse, global teams bring deep industry and functional expertise and a range of perspectives that question the status quo and spark change. BCG delivers solutions through leading-edge management consulting, technology and design, and corporate and digital ventures. We work in a uniquely collaborative model across the firm and throughout all levels of the client organization, fueled by the goal of helping our clients thrive and enabling them to make the world a better place.
© Boston Consulting Group 2024. All rights reserved.
For information or permission to reprint, please contact BCG at firstname.lastname@example.com. To find the latest BCG content and register to receive e-alerts on this topic or others, please visit bcg.com. Follow Boston Consulting Group on Facebook and X (formerly Twitter).

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Twisted X Slip-On Round Toe Driving Moc with CellStretch
Regular price
Twisted X Slip-On Round Toe Driving Moc with CellStretch
The men's casual slip-on driving moc in full-grain leather features Twisted X's patented CellStretch® comfort technology, ensuring that every step you take is backed by superior comfort. The slip-on moc has double gore panels that flex for ease of sliding on yet conform comfortably to the foot without the need for laces. The compression-molded EVA midsole with integrated CellStretch® tech, along with a molded rubber outsole provides the unmatched stability and durability you need to carry you from one adventure to the next.
- Full-grain leather upper provides increased durability.
- Removable, moisture-wicking, antibacterial and machine washable SD footbed.
- Compression-molded EVA midsole integrated with Twisted X's patented CellStretch® comfort technology and a nylon/glass fiber shank provide long-lasting comfort, stability and durability. Slip-resistant molded rubber outsole provides added durability.


text: The revolutionary HPC face panel brings the Pro-C controller that you know and trust into the world of Wi-Fi irrigation management — with no re-installation or rewiring required. Perfect for retrofitting modular and fixed station controllers manufactured since March 2014 or for new installations that demand modular functionality, the HPC was developed to give contractors another powerful tool to save time, save water, protect landscapes, and grow their businesses. The HPC uses Hydrawise technology to offer automatic watering schedule updates based on real-time climate data and deliver instant alerts to contractors in the event of a problem in the system. Simply swap out the dial face panel on any Pro-C with the new touch-screen HPC, and you have an economical and effective way to provide customers with the 21st-century tools that they demand. With the HPC, you can monitor your irrigation system with Hydrawise web-based software from anywhere worldwide using your smart device or web browser. Predictive Watering™ adjusts schedules based on temperature forecast, rainfall probability, wind, and humidity to provide maximum water savings while keeping your clients' landscapes healthy and beautiful. Add a simple-to-install flow meter and set up automatic notifications to alert you of broken pipes or sprinklers. FEATURES: - Upgrade Pro-C modular and fixed station controllers manufactured since March 2014 to the Hydrawise platform - Wi-Fi enabled for fast and simple internet connection - Full-color touch screen - Built-in milliamp sensor for detection of wiring problems - Full programming at the controller - HC Flow Meter compatible for flow monitoring and alerts - Built-in electrical monitoring and alerts - One sensor port - Hydrawise software compatible - Warranty period: 2 years


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text: Amye Scavarda is a project manager. She's been involved with Drupal since October 2008, and in that time has realized how much there is to learn. She runs Function, a consulting company focusing on open source, and organizes community events in her spare time. She lives in Portland, OR and you'll find her online as @msamye on twitter, and amye in IRC.


text:
Microsoft is making some long overdue and welcome changes to Outlook to include the Windows and the Web-based version.
People who use either one will now see a "Coming Soon" option that allows users to toggle between the version they've got now, and the new and improved version with the changes.
As to those changes, they fall broadly into three groups:
- Better Organization – The improved Outlook offers intelligent technology, specialized icons, visual changes and a "highlights" feature that are all designed to help you manage your time better and provide a greater level of focus on your daily and weekly activities.
- Improved Speed and Efficiency – The redesign is sleeker and faster. Using it will allow you to schedule meetings, read and act on emails and write new emails much more quickly than the old version.
- More Customization – Hotmail users know only too well that Outlook on the web has lagged behind its competitors in terms of customization, and the redesign seeks to change that. Microsoft is playing a bit of catch up here, but any improvements on this front are welcome indeed. Among other things, you can now apply additional themes, personalize your inbox and simplify the ribbon.
There's no word yet on how long the new features will be offered as an opt-in option, but of course, at some point, the company will mandate the change.
On balance, these are good changes. Perhaps more modest than long-time users would like to have seen, but again, any changes to one of the oldest email systems still around have to be counted as a positive.
Kudos to Microsoft for keeping Outlook reasonably up to date, and here's hoping that the user base embraces them. which we hope hope will encourage the company to make additional improvements.


text:
Oyster |
Gain access to pricing, inventory, and online ordering by becoming a customer today.
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This lightweight, fiberglass fabric is spun into a classic twill pattern to create a two-sided fabric. The design provides maximum glare reduction, heat reduction, and improved visibility. With an average openness of 1%, the solar screen offers excellent shade and privacy while reducing fading in furniture.
Suggested applications include Roman shades, pleated window shades, roll-up shades, folding shades, vertical blinds, drapes, screens, and sheers. While widely used as an interior solar shading fabric, SheerWeave 2701 can also be used in exterior roller shades. The mesh fabric is available in a range of color options, like Oyster P12.
SheerWeave 2701 sun screen fabric is infused with Microban® antimicrobial protection, offering an added level of cleanliness that won't diminish for the lifetime of the fabric. Microban inhibits the growth of stain and odor-causing bacteria, mold and mildew, and keeps the fabric clean for longer. The sun control fabric is GREENGUARD® and GREENGUARD Gold certified.
Warranty: 10-year interior; 5-year exterior. Width: 98 inches. Weight: 14.6 ounces per square yard. Made in the USA.
Product Note: This item is available by dropship only. Sold in full rolls.
FR Standards Met: | California U.S. Title 19 (small scale), NFPA 701-2004 TM#1 (small scale), NFPA 101 (Class A Rating), IBC Section 903.1 (Class A Rating), BS 5867 2008 Part 2 Type B Performance, NFPA 701 TM#2 (large scale), CAN/ULC-S 109-03 (large and small scale), ASTM E 84 (Class 1), and CAN/CGSB2-4. 162-M80 |
Trademark: | SheerWeave® is a registered trademark of Phifer Inc. Microban® is a registered trademark of Microban Products Company. GREENGUARD® is a registered trademark of GREENGUARD Environmental Institute. |


text:
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Your moving day is set and it's time to start preparing! As you're making your lists and checking them twice, don't forget to factor in your furry friends. Here are some tips for making sure the process goes smoothly.
Medical records. When moving to a different city or state, one of the main things you need to take into consideration is finding a new veterinarian that is the right fit for both you and your pet. If you have family or friends in the area, ask for recommendations, or do your own research by reading reviews and news articles. Once you find one, contact your current vet to initiate a transfer of medical records. Then schedule a "get to know you" appointment shortly after your move.
Transportation. Whether it's a short drive or a long plane ride, you pet will likely need to be put into a carrier. For most pets, this is a foreign concept, and they require time to get comfortable with it! Start acclimating your pet as early as possible and use comfort items, like treats and favorite toys to make the experience a positive one for your pet.
Acclimation. Pad your moving schedule with ample time to get your dog or cat acclimated to their new home. While the movers are still hard at work, keep them safely away from foot traffic to reduce stress. Once they've left, make sure to clear anything that could be dangerous, and block off areas as necessary…then let them free to get a lay of the land on their own!


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We Love DC is giving away a pair of tickets today to see Green Day at the Patriot Center before you can buy them! Green Day will be playing George Mason's Patriot Center on Monday, January 21st. Tickets go on sale this Saturday, September 15th at 10am here. You can also purchase tickets in person at the box office of the Patriot Center or the 9:30 club.
For your chance to win these tickets simply leave a comment on this post using a valid email address until 4pm today. One entry per email address, please.
For the rules of this giveaway…
Comments will be closed at 4pm and a winner will be randomly selected. The winner will be notified by email. The winner must respond to our email in 24 hours or they will forfeit their tickets and we will pick another winner.
Tickets will be available to the winner at the will-call window at the Patriot Center on the night of the concert. The tickets must be claimed with a valid ID. The winner must be old enough to attend the specific concert or must have a parent's permission to enter if he/she is under 18 years old.
Comment away!


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Klipsch Amplifier With THX Ultra2 System - KA1000THXNA
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The KA-1000-THX subwoofer amplifier is the powerful driving force behind the new Klipsch THX® Ultra2 system. This model offers rock-solid dependability under the most demanding conditions and allows listeners to experience all the power, detail and emotion of their favorite music and movies.
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This full-featured Class D amplifier, which can be conveniently located near the rest of the installation's electronics, has a built-in, defeatable, low-pass crossover and level control, boundary-gain compensation switch, completely variable phase control, and an auto power function. This high-performance amplifier has a massive toroidal power supply that is capable of delivering 1000-watts into a 4 ohm load. It can also support two high performance subwoofers and has a left and right RCA pass-through.
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The KA-1000-THX delivers a combination of flexibility, reliability and sound quality that is unmatched.


text:
Amenorrhea Treatment in Crystal Beach, FL
The menstrual cycle in women is essential to reproductive health. When menstruation is absent or extremely delayed, this is the condition known as amenorrhea. Amenorrhea can affect women of any age. This condition can lead to infertility issues.
Depending on the underlying cause, there are amenorrhea treatments available. Request more information today: Call (727) 240-3424 or contact Dr. Lisa Maharajh online.
Amenorrhea Symptoms
The symptom most often associated with amenorrhea is obvious: the absence of a menstrual period. In certain women, missing a period may cause other symptoms. Some other problems associated with amenorrhea include:
- Hair loss
- Frequent headaches
- Facial hair growth
- Pelvic pain
- Acne
- Vision problems
Whether a missing period is cause for alarm varies depending on the age of the woman. For adult women, three missed periods is a common benchmark. For adolescent girls, if a menstrual period has not occurred by age 15, it may be a case of amenorrhea.
Amenorrhea Causes
There are many different causes of amenorrhea. Some of these causes occur for natural reasons, including:
- Menopause
- Recent pregnancy
- Breastfeeding a child
Some women also experience amenorrhea as a part of hormonal birth control, including oral pills and intrauterine devices. Sometimes this amenorrhea can continue after the birth control is no longer being used.
Other possible amenorrhea causes include:
- Low body weight
- Eating disorders such as anorexia
- Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
- Premature menopause (perimenopause )
- Post-hysterectomy menopause
- Birth defects
- Uterine scarring
- Hormone imbalance
- Thyroid disorders
- Certain medications
- Excessive athletic training
Most amenorrhea causes are broken out in to two categories: primary and secondary. Primary causes stem from illnesses and other genetic conditions and secondary causes include pregnancy, menopause, PCOS or birth control.
Amenorrhea Treatment
The treatment of amenorrhea varies greatly depending on the underlying cause. In general, treatment targets the specific disorder or lifestyle habit that led to the missed period. Some possible amenorrhea treatments include:
- Hormone therapy
- Birth control pills
- Surgery
- Lifestyle changes
- Certain medications
Which specific method is used is dependent on the amenorrhea cause. If the issue is caused by early menopause or PCOS, hormone therapy or hormonal birth control may be the most likely choice. If it's caused by problems with the reproductive organs themselves, surgery may be the best option.
Request More Information Today
Amenorrhea can wreak havoc on a woman's system and make achieving fertility difficult. Request more information about amenorrhea diagnosis and treatment today: Call (727) 240-3424 or contact Dr. Lisa Maharajh online.
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How do I create a student job posting?
On Job Bank, a "student job" is a type of job posting for persons who are enrolled in an education program. Student jobs should promote skill development, knowledge gain and learning.
If you want to recruit students to fill a position, you can indicate it on your job posting when you create it. To do so, simply follow these steps:
- Sign in to Job Bank for Employers.
- Click on "Job postings" from the left-hand menu on your Dashboard, and then on "Create a new job posting".
- Select the employer and click on "Proceed to Job title".
- Once you have selected the job title, click on "Proceed to Target audience".
- Select the "Students" type of job and identify the category of applicants you are looking to hire.
- Click on "Proceed to Job details" and enter the job details.
- Click on "Proceed to Requirements" and add the required skills.
- When you get to the "Education" section: select the minimum level of education required for the position, select the "Student status" and enter the "Field of study" that is required.
- Complete the rest of the page and click on "Proceed to How to apply".
- Select the application methods you want to use. In the "How-to-apply instructions" section, you can ask candidates to include certain items when they apply, such as a "Copy of latest school transcript" or a "Proof of student enrollment".
- In the "Screening questions" section, you can ask candidates specific questions about their education level and field.
- Select the "Job matching mode" and click on "Proceed to Preview" to review the information.
- Click on "Submit".
Once the job posting is reviewed and approved, its status will change to "Advertised" and you will be notified via email. Your job posting will be advertised as a student job and will include a "Student job" flag to help job seekers differentiate it in their search results. Note: Student job postings are visible to all job seekers on Job Bank, whether they are signed in or not.
Important: You should create a student job posting only if you want to hire students to fill a position. Student job offers are not part other government programs, such as the Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP) or Canada Summer Jobs (CSJ).
Related questions
- I can't find the job title that I want to display on my job posting. What should I do?
- What are the rules to post on Job Bank?
- Can I advertise self-employment opportunities?
- Why was my job posting declined?
- How do I create a job posting?
- How do I modify or edit my job posting?
- Why does my job posting status show "Pending"?
- Do I have to pay to advertise my job postings on Job Bank?
- How do I extend my job posting?
- Can I write my own job description when creating my job posting?
- How do I copy my job posting?
- How do I create an apprentice job posting?
- How do I create a student job posting?
- How do I advertise a green job posting?
- Date modified:


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Vintage Moroccan Wedding blanket
Available: Out of stock
VINTAGE MOROCCAN WEDDING BLANKET HANDIRA Moroccan wedding blanket, also called Handira are known in modern design for their beautiful bohemian style and neutral colour palette....
This product is currently out of stock and unavailable.
Moroccan wedding blanket, also called Handira are known in modern design for their beautiful bohemian style and neutral colour palette. They are used as bed covers, wall hangings, sofa coverings, throws, tablecloths, and more. Handira is woven out of sheep's wool, cotton and linen by Moroccan Berber women in the Middle Atlas mountains. Each blanket can take several weeks to make.
The blankets are woven in advance for the wedding ceremony, by the bride's entourage as a bridal dress. After receiving marriage advice from her family, the bride wears the Berber dress on the way to her new home. For Berber families, it is a symbol of fertility, blessings and protection from evil forces.
The wedding blanket is trending today in Modern home design. And our handira is a one of a kind piece that embellishes any room of yours, and adds to it both warmth, and shine.
☆Product Specifications☆
☆ Size: 83"x47" inches (210x120cm)
☆ Material: Wool, Cotton, Sequin
☆ As these blankets are vintage, they have some minor irregularities and imperfections which add to the uniqueness of the blanket.☆Shipping☆
We do combine shipping if you would like to purchase more than one item from us. please let us know which products you want and we will provide you with a custom shipping quote.
We ship within 1-2 business days and we will provide you with a tracking number once the product is dispatched. Transit time is as follow
US & Canada : 2-6 business days
Europe : 3-6 business days
Australia & New Zealand : 4-6 business days
Rest of the word : 4-7 days.Follow us on instagram @ https://www.instagram.com/majoreldesign/
Shipping & Return Policy
Shipping Policy
Majorel Design currently ships to Canada and all 48 contiguous US states from our office in Ontario, Canada. For custom quotes to other countries, please email as at firstname.lastname@example.com and specify the item you would like to get a quote for along with your city, postal code and country.
Orders placed will be dispatched within 2 business days, and items usually arrive in 3-8 business days once shipped depending on your location.
We use Fedex, UPS and Canada Post for shipping and we will email you a tracking number once your order is shipped.
Return Policy
Your satisfaction is our first priority. We will happily accept returns within 14 days of purchase, provided that the item is in original and unused condition.
The buyer is responsible for return shipping cost.
The refund will be for the original amount payed minus the shipping cost.


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Writing Simple JavaScript Programs for Your Web Page
- Including JavaScript in Your Web Page
- JavaScript Statements
- Variables
- Operators
- Capturing Mouse Events
- Summary
- Workshop
- Exercises
You learned in Hour 1, Introducing JavaScript, that JavaScript is a scripting language capable of making web pages more interactive.
In this hour you learn more about how JavaScript can be added to your web page, and then about some of the fundamental syntax of your JavaScript programs such as statements, variables, operators, and comments. You'll also get your hands dirty with more code examples.
Including JavaScript in Your Web Page
One method is to include the JavaScript statements directly into the HTML file, just like we did in the previous hour:

A second, and usually preferable way to include your code is to save your JavaScript into a separate file, and use the
The preceding example includes the file mycode.js, which contains our JavaScript statements. If your JavaScript file is not in the same folder as the calling script, you can also add a (relative or absolute) path to it:

Placing your JavaScript code in a separate file offers some important advantages:
- When the JavaScript code is updated, the updates are immediately available to any page using that same JavaScript file. This is particularly important in the context of JavaScript libraries, which we look at later in the book.
- The code for the HTML page is kept cleaner, and therefore easier to read and maintain.
- Performance is slightly improved because your browser caches the included file; therefore, having a local copy in memory next time it is needed by this or another page.
Listing 2.1 shows the simple web page we used in Hour 1, but now with a file of JavaScript code included in the  section. JavaScript can be placed in either the head or body of the HTML page. In fact, it is more common—and generally recommended—for JavaScript code to be placed in the head of the page, where it provides a number of functions that can be called from elsewhere in the document. You learn about functions in Hour 3, "Using Functions"; until then, we limit ourselves to adding our example code into the body of the document.
Listing 2.1 An HTML Document with a JavaScript File Included
<!DOCTYPE html>   <title>A Simple Page</title>
Some content ...

When JavaScript code is added into the body of the document, the code statements are interpreted and executed as they are encountered while the page is being rendered. After the code has been read and executed, page rendering continues until the page is complete.


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Seborrhea is a skin condition where the sebaceous glands in the skin produce too much sebum (an oily substance that lubricates the skin and hair). This causes the skin to be scaly, itchy, and red.
There are 2 types of seborrhea:
- Dry Seborrhea: dry, flaky skin
- Oily Seborrhea: smelly, greasy scales and sticky, brown oil patches
Seborrhea is usually secondary to an underlying issue, including:
- Hormonal imbalances: thyroid disease, cushing's disease
- Environmental factors: temperature, change in humidity
- Parasites: fleas, ticks
- Yeast skin infections
- Diet low in omega-3 fatty acids
- Allergies
- Obesity
In these cases, the cat will not show scaling at a young age. It will only develop from scratching due to other skin problems.
Sometimes, there is no underlying issue. This is idiopathic or primary seborrhea. In these cases, it is usually genetic, and scales will form at a young age.
Seborrhea usually affects places that have a lot of sebaceous glands, including: the back, underside, thighs, feet, armpits, and neck.
- Skin flaking off in white scales,(which you may notice where your pet lies)
- Swollen skin, either oily or dry
- Excessive scratching
- Bad odor
Tests that your veterinarian will perform to diagnose seborrhea and to check for underlying conditions may include:
- Skin biopsy: checks for an underlying cause or confirms primary seborrhea
- Skin culture: checks for bacterial and fungal infections
- Skin scrapings/skin cytology: a swab of the skin checks for underlying skin infections
- Complete blood cell count (CBC): a blood test which checks for underlying conditions
- Hormone tests: tests for thyroid disease and cushing's disease
The underlying condition must be treated. There is no cure for seborrhea itself, but it is manageable with:
- Bathing: two or three times a week with medicated shampoo. Gently massage the shampoo into the skin for around 10 minutes. There are different shampoos and conditioners available, depending on the type of seborrhea and the underlying infection. (for example: there are shampoos for dry skin, for oily skin, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-itch)
- Clipping: for cats with long hair. This makes the bathing easier. With long, thick hair, the shampoo will not be able to reach the skin
- Antibiotics: to treat bacterial and fungal infections. You must give the medicine to your cat for as long as your veterinarian recommends to ensure the infection is completely cured
- Topical treatments: moisturizers
- Supplements: omega-3 fatty acid
After the skin is cleared up within a few weeks of treatment, you must bring your cat to the veterinarian for a follow-up.
If your cat has genetic seborrhea, you can only manage it. A healthy diet with enough fatty acids is a good way to prevent the condition when caused by underlying issues.
There is a good prognosis if you treat the underlying cause successfully.


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Salinas, California-based Markon Cooperative, Inc., the produce source of eight independently owned foodservice companies, launched a mobile app that allows users to view a comprehensive produce guide, as well as a library of recipes that focus on fresh fruits and vegetables.
Markon is excited about this fun, educational tool available for free download from the company's recently redesigned website, and via app marketplaces, including Apple's app store and Google Play. The mobile app can be accessed using iPhones, iPads, Android smartphones and tablets, as well as Windows smartphones, and allows for quick and easy access to a wealth of produce-related information. In addition to being a complete fresh produce resource with recipe database, the app also contains many additional features, including the latest trends, hot tips, usage ideas, and nutritional information. The company will continue to build new features into this tool.
"Our industry, like the world, is moving at breakneck speed," explains Markon President Tim York. "By creating an easy-to-use app that our produce buyers, sales teams, restaurant customers, and anyone with an interest in healthy food can access anywhere at any time, we aim to increase the visibility and consumption of fresh fruit and vegetable products."
This app is part of a more extensive social media outreach program that also includes a Facebook page, LinkedIn presence, Twitter feed, YouTube channel, and the Seedlings blog.
Members help make our journalism possible. Become a Restaurant Business member today and unlock exclusive benefits, including unlimited access to all of our content. Sign up here.


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Holy Roman Emperor Conrad II - 1027-1039
Conrad II (c. 990 – 4 June 1039), also known as Conrad the Elder and Conrad the Salic, was Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire from 1027 until his death in 1039. The founder of the Salian dynasty of emperors, Conrad also served as King of Germany from 1024, King of Italy from 1026, and King of Burgundy from 1033.
The son of a mid-level nobleman in Franconia, Count Henry of Speyer and Adelaide of Alsace, he inherited the titles of count of Speyer and of Worms as an infant when his father died. Conrad extended his power beyond his inherited lands, receiving the favor of the princes of the Kingdom of Germany. When the Saxon-based Ottonian dynasty of emperors died off with the childless Emperor Henry II, Conrad was elected to succeed him as King in 1024 at the age of 34. Conrad founded his own dynasty of rulers, known as the Salian dynasty, which ruled the Holy Roman Empire for over a century.
Conrad continued the policies and achievements of the Ottonian Henry II regarding the Catholic Church and the affairs of Italy. Conrad continued to build the Church as a center for imperial power, preferring to appoint church bishops over secular lords to important posts across the Empire. Like Henry II before him, Conrad also continued a policy of benign neglect over Italy, especially for the city of Rome. His reign marked a high point of the medieval imperial rule and a relatively peaceful period for the Empire. Following the death of the childless King Rudolph III of Burgundy in 1032, Conrad claimed dominion over the Kingdom of Arles and incorporated it into the Empire. The three kingdoms (Germany, Italy, and Burgundy) formed the basis of the Empire as the "royal triad" (regna tria).
Early life - Family background
The Salian dynasty has its origins with Count Werner V of Worms, a mid-level Frankish noble from Germany's Duchy of Franconia east of the Rhine River. His son, Conrad the Red, succeeded him as Count in 941 and King Otto I of Germany (the future Holy Roman Emperor) appointed him as Duke of Lorraine in 944. He was subsequently married to Liutgarde, one of Otto's daughters, in 947 and became one of the king's closest allies. The relationship was strained, however, when Otto refused to honor a peace treaty Conrad, as Otto's representative, had conducted with the rebellious Berengar II of Italy. Conrad also resented the growing influence of Otto's brother Henry I of Bavaria, which he saw as threatening his own power. In 953 Conrad joined the king's son Liudolf in rebellion against Otto, but the rebellion was defeated and Conrad was stripped of his duchy. Conrad and Otto were soon reconciled, with Conrad fighting for Otto in the great Battle of Lechfeld in 955. Though the Germans were successful in halting the Hungarian invasions of Europe, Conrad lost his life in the battle. Conrad was succeeded as Count of Worms in 956 by his son Otto of Worms, a grandson of Otto I. Sometime between 965 and 970 Otto of Worms' oldest son, Henry of Speyer, was born. Little is known of his life as he died the age of 20 between 985 and 990. Conrad II's father was Henry of Speyer, and his mother was Adelaide of Alsace, an area of Upper Lorraine. After Henry's death, Adelaide married a Frankish nobleman. After her remarriage, Adelaide demonstrated no close relationship with her son.
In 978 Emperor Otto II appointed his nephew Otto of Worms as Duke of Carinthia after deposing the rebellious Duke Henry I of Carinthia during the War of the Three Henries. Upon receiving the ducal title, however, Otto lost his position at Worms, which was given to Bishop Hildebald, Otto II's imperial chancellor. When Otto II died suddenly in 983, his infant son Otto III succeeded him, with his mother Theophanu serving as regent. Theophanu sought to reconcile the imperial house with Henry I, restoring him as Duke of Carinthia in 985, with Otto of Worms allowed to regain his ancestral position as Count of Worms. However, Otto was allowed to style himself "Duke of Worms" and his original territory was expanded so as not to diminish his rank. Otto of Worms remained loyal to the new Emperor, receiving rulership of the March of Verona in 955, though the actual Duchy of Carinthia passed to Henry IV of Bavaria. In 996, Otto III appointed Otto of Worms's son Bruno as Pope Gregory V. When Emperor Otto III died in 1002, both Otto of Worms, Conrad's grandfather, and Henry IV were candidates for election as King of Germany. In a compromise, Otto withdrew and received the Duchy of Carinthia from the newly elected Henry IV, who ruled as Henry II of Germany, in return. As a result, Otto of Worms renounced his holdings in Worms to Bishop Burchard of Worms, a long-time political rival. Buchard assumed care for Conrad, providing his education and upbringing by 1000.
After the early death of his uncle Duke Conrad I of Carinthia, the elder Conrad's infant son, Conrad the Younger, was named Count of Worms by Emperor Henry II while the Duchy of Carinthia passed to Adalbero of Eppenstein due to Conrad the Younger's infancy. Conrad the Younger was placed in Conrad's care.
Conrad married Gisela of Swabia, a twice widowed duchess, in 1016. Gisela was the daughter of Duke Herman II of Swabia who, in 1002, unsuccessfully claimed the German throne following Emperor Otto III's death, losing the election to Emperor Henry II. Gisela was first married to Count Bruno I of Brunswick the same year. Following Bruno's death around 1010, Gisela married Ernest I of the House of Babenberg. By the marriage, Ernest I inherited the Duchy of Swabia at the death of Gisela's brother Duke Herman III of Swabia in 1012. This marriage produced two sons: Ernest II and Herman. After the death of Ernest I in 1015, Emperor Henry II named Ernest II as Duke of Swabia. As Gisela's new husband, Conrad hoped to serve as regent for his minor stepson in the administration of the duchy, seeing it as an opportunity to increase his own rank and subsequently make a claim for his own duchy. Emperor Henry II blocked this attempt by placing the guardianship of Ernest II, and regency over Swabia, in the hands of Archbishop Poppo of Trier in 1016. This action further strained the already rough relationship between the imperial House of Otto and the Salian family.
Conrad II's hopes of obtaining his own duchy failed, but his marriage to Gisela brought him wealth. Her mother, Gerberga of Burgundy, was the daughter of reigning Burgundian King Conrad of Burgundy and granddaughter of the late Frankish King Louis IV. Gisela also claimed descent from Charlemagne through both her mother and her father. The marriage was problematic because of the familial relationship shared by Gisela and Conrad: both were descendants of Ottonian King Henry I, Henry in the fifth generation and Gisela in the fourth. According to canon law, marriage was not allowed among relatives of the first to seventh generations. Though Conrad's marriage differed little from the usual practice of the time, strict canonists took exception to the marriage and Emperor Henry II used this breach of canonical law to force Conrad into temporary exile. During this exile, Gisela bore Conrad a son, Henry III, on October 28, 1017. Conrad and Emperor Henry II were eventually reconciled, allowing him to return to Germany.
Reign as King - Royal election
Emperor Henry II died in 1024. Childless, Henry's death brought the Ottonian dynasty, which had ruled Germany since 919, to an end. Without a clear successor as King of Germany, Henry's widow Cunigunde of Luxembourg served as regent while the German dukes gathered to elect a new king. Cunigunde was assisted by her brothers Bishop Dietrich I of Metz and Duke Henry V of Bavaria. Archbiship Aribo of Mainz, the Primate of Germany, also assisted Cunigunde.
On September 4, 1024, the German princes gathered at Kamba, an historical name for an area on the east banks of the Rhine River opposite the German town Oppenheim. (Today the position of Kamba is marked by a small monument, which displays Conrad on a horse.) Archbishop Aribo served as the assembly's president. Conrad presented himself before the assembly as a candidate for election, as did his younger cousin Conrad the Younger. Both were descendants from Emperor Otto I by their common grandfather Otto of Worms, son of Liutgarde, one of Otto's daughters. Although other extended members of the Ottonian dynasty existed, none were seriously considered for election. The chronicler Wipo of Burgundy, Conrad's chaplain, attended the meeting and recorded the election. The Duchy of Saxony adopted a neutral strategy while the Duchy of Lorraine favored the younger Conrad. A majority of the assembled princes favored the elder Conrad, whose seven-year-old son ensured a stable dynasty for the kingdom. As president of the assembly, Archbishop Aribo cast the first vote and supported the elder Conrad. He was joined by the other clergy in supporting the elder Conrad. The secular dukes then cast their votes for the elder Conrad as well. Only Archbishop Pilgrim of Cologne, Duke Gothelo I of Lower Lorraine, and Duke Frederick II of Upper Lorraine refused to support him.
Conrad was crowned King of Germany by Archbishop Aribo in Mainz Cathedral on September 8, 1024 at the age of 34. To mark his election, Conrad commissioned the construction of the Speyer Cathedral in Speyer, near his ancestral home of Worms. Construction began in 1030. Archbishop Aribo, as archbishop of Mainz, was already the chancellor of Germany. Conrad wanted to reward the archbishop for his electoral support, so he made Aribo chancellor of Italy as well, making Aribo the second most powerful man in the Holy Roman Empire as the imperial chancellor.
Aribo refused to crown Conrad's wife Gisela as queen due to a violation of canon law. Conrad refused to accept Archbishop Aribo's position. Archbishop Pilgrim of Cologne saw the situation as an opportunity to restore his relationship with the king, after refusing to support Conrad's election, and he crowned Gisela queen on September 21, 1024. The political reorientation of Pilgrim also weakened the opposition towards the new king.
Early reign
Conrad inherited a kingdom troubled by numerous problems. The duchies of Saxony and Lorraine were in opposition to his rule, as well as his cousin Conrad of Carinthia. To secure his reign, Conrad went on a tour of Germany, making stops in Augsburg to receive the support of Bishop Bruno, and at Strasbourg to receive the support of Bishop Werner, the brothers of the late Emperor Henry II. Both were appointed to high-ranking offices at Conrad's court. Traveling from Cologne to Aachen, the site of Charlemagne's old capital, Conrad continued the tradition of claiming the right to rule Germany as successor to Charlemagne. Despite the continuance of this Ottonian tradition, the Duchy of Lorraine still did not accept his rule. Conrad then traveled north to Saxony, visiting Abbess Adelaide I of Quedlinburg and Abbess Sophia I of Gandersheim, both daughters of the late Ottonian Emperor Otto II. Their support of Conrad's rule greatly influenced the Saxony nobility. Celebrating Christmas at Minden, the Saxon nobles, led by Duke Bernard II, recognized Conrad as their king after he promised he would respect Saxon law. Conrad and Gisela would remain in Saxony during the winter until March 1025. Upon leaving Saxony, Conrad traveled to the Duchy of Swabia, celebrating Easter at Augsburg. He then traveled to the Duchy of Bavaria to celebrate Pentecost at Regensburg. Conrad next traveled to Zurich near the German-Burgundian border. In 1016, Emperor Henry II forced the childless Burgundian King Rudolph III to name him as his heir. With Henry's death in 1024, Conrad claimed the same rights over Burgundy. This ended his tour of Germany, visiting all major regions of the kingdom within ten months of his election.
Conrad had to address the longstanding Gandersheim Conflict upon assuming the German throne. The forty-year conflict stretched back to 989, during the reign of Emperor Otto III, over control of Gandersheim Abbey and its estates. Both the Archbishop of Mainz and the Bishop of Hildesheim claimed authority over the Abbey, including the authority to anoint the Abbey's nuns. Though Otto III eased the tensions between the parties by declaring that both bishops would anoint the Abbess, the conflict continued. Archbishop Aribo of Mainz, the new Primate of Germany, sought to overturn this precedent. Conrad was indebted to Aribo for his support during the royal election and worked to support his ally. In January 1027, the king called a synod at Frankfurt to resolve the dispute, but a conclusion was not reached. Conrad called a second synod in September 1028, which likewise failed to find a solution. Only a third synod in 1030 ended the conflict when Bishop Gotthard of Hildesheim renounced his claims to the monastery in favor of Aribo.
During his travel to Augsburg, a conflict broke out between Conrad and his younger cousin Conrad the Younger. The reasons for the rebellion are not recorded, but the younger Conrad claimed he did not receive some compensation the king promised him for withdrawing from the 1024 election.
Unrest in Italy In Bavaria, Conrad was brought into contact with the Italian ruling elite for the first time. In June 1025, Archbishop Aribert of Milan, and other bishops from Northern Italy, traveled north over the Alps to pay homage to Conrad. In exchange for certain privileges in the governing of Italy, Aribert agreed to crown Conrad with the Iron Crown of Lombardy. The situation in Italy was unstable after the death of the Henry II. The secular nobles believed the Italian throne to be vacant, not accepting Conrad's automatic succession as a matter of right. Instead, the secular nobles offered the Italian crown to the Capetian King Robert II of France and his son Hugh Magnus. After he rejected the offer, the secular lords approached Duke William V of Aquitaine. Though initially excited by the offer, William V subsequently rejected it as well.
In addition to the ecclesiastical mission, secular Italian nobles from Pavia also traveled north to Conrad. While Conrad's election did not meet significant obstacles north of the Alps, in Italy, in the aftermath of the death of Emperor Henry II, there were several riots, and some Italian nobles attempted to separate the Kingdom of Italy from the Holy Roman Empire. When the news spread of Henry's death, the citizens of Pavia revolted, destroying the imperial palace, which dated to the Ostrogothic King Theodoric the Great during the 5th century. Though Pavia had lost is position as the seat of royal administration in Italy under the Ottonian dynasty, the palace had been a great symbol of imperial authority in Italy. Pavia, thanks to its strategic location situated on the trade routes from Italy to Burgundy and France, had become an important commercial center. Traders of the lower nobility demanded greater autonomy from imperial control. The nobility saw the mere presence of the imperial palace within the city walls intolerable.
Ambassadors from Pavia traveled north to meet with the German king. According to Conrad's personal cleric Wipo, the Italian kingship was not "durable" with the German throne but instead a mere "personal union". Italy was a separate nation from Germany with its own identity, not a permanent political union. They tried to justify the actions of their fellow citizens, claiming that Pavia had always been loyal to the Italian king, as long as the king was alive, and that the revolt had taken place when the Italian throne was vacant. Therefore, the burning of the palace should be excused. Conrad rejected their argument, however, saying that just as a ship remains after the death of its captain, the Empire remains after the death of the Emperor. The kingship of Italy, according to Conrad, belonged to him as king of Germany as a matter of legal right. Conrad also declared that the palace was property of the Empire, not of the old king, and therefore the new king had the right to punish those responsible. The secular nobles returned to Italy in opposition to Salian rule.
In February 1026, Conrad assembled an army of thousands of armored knights for an expedition into Italy, including troops commanded by both Archbishop Aribo of Mainz and Archbishop Pilgrim of Cologne. Conrad's army marched south, besieging Pavia, but the city walls blocked the attackers. Conrad decided to leave a contingent of soldiers to keep the city under siege, blocking all trade in the area, and continued his campaign. By March 1026, Conrad arrived in Milan and was crowned with the Iron Crown of the Lombards by Archbishop Aribert of Milan as King of the Lombards. From Milan, Conrad traveled to Vercelli, where he celebrated Easter with the aged Bishop Leo of Vercelli, who had been a chief advisor to the late Emperor Otto III. When Leo died a few days later, Archbishop Aribert became the chief supporter of the Salian dynasty in Italy. With Conrad's assistance, Aribert became highest ranking religious figure in Italy and oversaw the expansion of the Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio in Milan. In June 1026, Conrad marched with his army to Ravenna, but quartering his soldiers alongside the Ravennese population caused tension in the city. Conrad marched north to mitigate the risk the summer heat posed to his army. In autumn Conrad left his summer camp in the Po valley and marched to the Burgundian border. Conrad then celebrated Christmas at Ivrea. By the end of winter, the secular nobles of Italy voluntarily ended their opposition to Conrad's reign. Pavia, however, remained in revolt until early 1027 when Abbot Odilo of Cluny brokered a peace deal between the city and Conrad.
Reign as Emperor - Imperial coronation On March 26, 1027, Pope John XIX crowned Conrad and his wife Gisela as Emperor and Empress, respectively, in Old Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome. The coronation was attended by Cnut the Great, King of England, Denmark and Norway, Rudolph III of Burgundy and 70 high-ranking clerics, including the Archbishops of Cologne, Mainz, Trier, Magdeburg, Salzburg, Milan, and Ravenna. Conrad's son and heir Henry also attended. Rudolph's attendance marked an improvement in the relationship between Burgundy and the Holy Roman Empire. During the seven-day coronation ceremony, a rank dispute between the archbishops of Milan and Ravenna arose, with Conrad deciding in favor of Milan. Following the synod, Conrad traveled south to receive homage from the southern Italian states of Principality of Capua, the Principality of Salerno, and the Duchy of Benevento.
After his coronation, Conrad issued decrees to reorganize the monasteries and dioceses of Italy with the particular goal of bringing the church at Venice under Imperial control (see the Schism of the Three Chapters). On April 6, 1027, at a synod held in the Lateran Basilica with Pope John XIX, the Emperor resolved the dispute in favor of Old-Aquileia. The Patriarch of Aquleai Poppo had been a loyal supporter of Emperor Henry II, who appointed him as Patriarch in 1020 during the Emperor's campaign to reassert his authority in Italy. Conrad's action placed the church at Grado under Poppo's authority, securing Poppo's loyalty by making him the Emperor's to official in northern Italy. The synod ended the independence of the Grado church and limited the political autonomy of Venice. In so doing, Conrad broke with the policies of his predecessors and revoked Venice's privileged trading status.
Toward the end of May 1027, Conrad returned north to Germany to attend the funeral of Duke Henry V of Bavaria at Regensburg. With the Duchy of Bavaria left vacant, Conrad asserted his right to name a next duke as a matter of royal prerogative, taking the unprecedented decision of naming his 10-year-old son Henry as Duke of Bavaria despite the existence of candidates with a better claim to the Duchy. Never before had the Bavarian Duchy passed to a non-member of the Bavarian ducal family.
The young prince assumed the Bavarian dignity on 24 June 1027. Following Henry's appointment, Conrad held court at Regensburg and issued a decree requiring an accounting of all imperial property in the duchy. This required the various counts and bishops to report to Conrad all property they possessed in their castles and abbeys that belonged to the Emperor. Even the Dowager Empress Cunigunde of Luxembourg was required to report to Conrad, with the Emperor even claiming Cunegonde's wittum (money and property left to her by her late husband Emperor Henry II) as belonging to him. Conrad's promotion of imperial authority over the ducal succession and his claims to property throughout Bavaria caused tension between him and the German aristocracy, who viewed Conrad's actions as infringing upon their privileges.
Uprising in Swabia
In 1025, Duke Ernest II of Swabia, Conrad's stepson from his marriage to Gisela of Swabia, rebelled against his stepfather when he was elected king of Germany. By 1026, Conrad had defeated the resistance and Ernest submitted to his reign. Due to the intervention of his mother Gisela, Ernest was allowed to accompany Conrad on his expedition to Italy in 1026. During the expedition, the rebellion led by Conrad of Carinthia and Count Welf II of Swabia continued. Conrad had named Bishop Bruno of Augsburg regent of Germany while he marched south to Italy. When Bruno was defeated by the rebels, Conrad sent Ernest back to Germany in September 1026 to end the revolt. When Ernest returned, he joined the opposition and rebelled against Conrad again.
Conrad returned to Germany in 1027, after being crowned Emperor, and held court at Augsburg in Swabia, calling upon the rebels to surrender. Ernest, trusting in the number and fidelity of his vassals, rejected the peace officer, and appealed to his Swabian counts to join him in rebellion. According to Wipo of Burgundy, the counts refused, stating that while they had sworn loyalty to Ernest, but they would not rebel against their Emperor. Without the support of the Swabian counts, Ernest, Conrad of Carinthia and Count Welf submitted to Conrad at Worms on September 9, 1027, ending the rebellion. Conrad stripped Ernest of his ducal title and imprisoned him at Giebichenstein Castle in Saxony. Gisela supported Conrad against her son, but did not want Ernest to be entirely humiliated. As a result of his mother's intervention, Conrad allowed Ernest to retain his title while imprisoned, with Gisela serving as regent over the duchy.
In 1028, after Conrad's son Henry was crowned as King of Germany, Gisela again intervened on Ernest's behalf. Conrad pardoned Ernest and released him from prison in 1028, but Gisela retained regency over Swabia. Ernest served as duke in name only. On Easter 1030, Conrad offered to restore Ernest his full powers as Duke of Swabia if he would crack down on the Emperor's enemies there. Ernest's refusal, especially against his friend Count Werner of Kyburg, resulted in his final downfall. Conrad stripped his stepson of his title, declared him a public enemy, and had him excommunicated. Even his mother Gisela did not come to his rescue. Within a few months, both Ernest and Werner were killed in battle against the Bishop of Constance near Falkenstein Castle (de) in the Black Forest. The fall of Ernest greatly weakened the independence of Swabia. Conrad named Ernest's younger brother Herman as the new Duke. Herman was a minor, so Conrad named the Bishop of Constance regent. Eight years later in 1038, Herman was dead and Conrad named his own son Henry as duke, securing imperial control over the duchy.
Conflict with Adalbero
Conrad had to enforce his royal prerogatives in the Duchy of Carinthia and the Duchy of Swabia. Duke Adalbero of Carinthia had been appointed as duke in 1012 under Emperor Henry II and remained loyal to imperial authority, supporting Conrad's election as German king in 1024. At a synod in Frankfurt in September 1027, Conrad attempted to resolve the decades' long Gandersheim Conflict. Adalbero accompanied the Emperor and acted as his sword-bearer during the proceeding, indicating Conrad's trust in him. From 1028 on, Adalbero governed his Duchy as an independent state.
In particular, he attempted to conduct peaceful relations with the King Stephen I of the Kingdom of Hungary. Under Emperor Henry II, who was the brother-in-law to Stephen, relations between the Empire and Hungary had been friendly.[5][6] Upon Henry's death in 1024, Conrad adopted a more aggressive policy, prompting border raids into the Empire from Hungary. The raids particularly affected Adalbero's domain of Carinthia, which shared a long, eastern border with Hungary.
Conrad summoned Adalbero to court at Bamberg on 18 May 1035, to answer an indictment of treason for his actions regarding Hungary. In the presence of the German dukes, Conrad demanded that Adalbero be stripped of all his titles and lands. The dukes hesitated and demanded that Conrad's son Henry, the Germany's co-King and Conrad's designated successor, join the assembly before a decision was made. Henry refused to depose Adalbero, citing an earlier agreement with Adelbero to be his ally in negotiating a settlement between him and his father. Conrad resorted to exhortations, pleas, and threats to convince Henry to support Adalbero's deposition. Henry's support was soon followed by that of the other dukes. Conrad then ordered Adalbero to be removed as Duke and sentenced him and his son to exile. After attacking Conrad's allies in Carinthia, Adalbero fled to his mother's estates in Ebersberg in the Duchy of Bavaria, where he remained until his death in 1039.The duchy of Carinthia remained unoccupied until February 2, 1035, when Conrad named his cousin Conrad the Younger as the new duke. With the appointment, the three southern German duchies of Swabia, Bavaria, and Carinthia were all under the control of Emperor Conrad through his family members (his stepson Herman in Swabia, his son Henry in Bavaria, and his cousin Conrad in Carinthia).
Control of the southern duchies allowed Conrad to continue the process begun under the Ottonian dynasty, centralizing the Emperors authority over the Empire at the expense of the regional dukes. Conrad broke with Ottonian tradition, however, in favoring a more strict means of controlling rebellious vassals. Whereas the Ottonians followed a policy of informal public submission and subsequent reconciliation, Conrad used treason trials to declare rebels as "public enemies" to legitimize his subsequent harsh treatment, as he had done with Ernest II of Swabia and Adalbero. The nobles saw use of these treason trials not as mere power shifts in favor of the Emperor, but as a cruel breach of German tradition.
Policy towards the Church
Conrad continued the Ottonian dynasty's policy of using the German Church as a vehicle for imperial control. Beginning in the 950s, the Ottonians had favored Church officials over secular nobles for appointment to the Empire's most important offices. Claiming "divine right" to rule the Empire, the Ottonians increasingly viewed themselves as protectors of the Church and thus demanded loyalty from the Church officials. In return, the various bishoprics and abbeys of the Empire were granted extensive landholdings and secular authority, providing immunity from the jurisdiction of the secular nobles. As such, the Church officials reported exclusively to the Emperor, acting as his personal vassals. As the Emperor's vassals, the Church officials were subject to providing two services to him: the servitium regis (royal service) and servitium militum (military service). Under royal service, the bishops and abbots were required to provide hospitality and accommodations to the Emperor and his court when he arrived. It also required the Church officials to act as quasi-bureaucracy for the Empire. Under military service, the Church was required to supply soldiers for the Emperors' army or to act as diplomats at his direction. Conrad energetically continued this tradition.
In his biography of Conrad, the chronicler Wipo of Burgundy stated the promotion of the Church was of little value to the Emperor. Conrad and the other members of the Salian dynasty had little interest in the founding of new monasteries. Through their hundred-year dynasty, the Salians only founded one: Limburg Abbey which was converted from a fortress to a monastery in 1025. The Ottonians established at least eight in their hundred-year reign. Additionally, the Ottonians were active in the establishment of Church affairs, but Conrad was uninterested, only calling five synods during his reign and usually only to restore peace. Conrad's decisions on Church policy were often left to his wife Gisela of Swabia. When Archbishop Aribo of Mainz, Primate of Germany, died in 1031, Conrad considered both Abbot Bardo of Hersfeld Abbey and the renowned theologian Wazo of Liège, then serving as the dean of the cathedral chapter for the Bishop of Liege. Though Conrad favored Wazo to lead the German Church as Archbishop and Primate, Gisela convinced him to appoint Bardo instead.
Relations with Poland - War with Mieszko Duke Boles?aw I of Poland warred with Emperor Henry II three times during the German-Polish Wars from 1002 to 1018. In January 1018, Henry II and Boleslaw I signed a peace treaty, known as the Peace of Bautzen, in which the Empire and Poland declared a permanent peace with Boles?aw recognizing Henry II as his nominal feudal lord. In return, Henry II granted to Boleslaw lands on the Empire's eastern border. To seal the peace, Boles?aw I, a widower, reinforced his dynastic bonds with the German nobility by marrying Oda of Meissen, daughter of the Saxon Margrave Eckard I of Meissen. Empire and Poland remained at peace for the remainder of Henry's reign. Henry's death in 1024 gave Boleslaw an opportunity to increase his own power. Boleslaw took advantage of the interregnum in Germany and crowned himself king on Easter, April 25, 1025. Boleslaw was thus the first Polish king as his predecessors had been considered mere "dukes" by both the Empire and the Pope in Rome. Boleslaw died within two months of the coronation, most likely due to an illness. Boleslaw's son, Mieszko II Lambert, succeeded him as King, being crowned on Christmas Day 1025. Upon assuming the Polish throne, Mieszko expelled his older half-brother Bezprym and his younger brother Otto Boleslawowic. Otto went to Germany to seek Conrad's protection.
Conrad considered the assumption of the title "king" by Mieszko an act of war and a disregard of his imperial authority, but had to address domestic issues before marching against Mieszko. In 1026 Conrad II marched into Italy to assert German authority south of the Alps and to claim the imperial crown from the Pope. In his absence, Duke Ernest II of Swabia, Conrad the Younger, and Duke Frederick II of Upper Lorraine rebelled against his authority.
The rebels sought the support of Mieszko, which the Polish king granted and promised to take military action against Conrad. Conrad returned to Germany in mid-1027, putting an end to the rebellion before Mieszko could marshal his forces. In preparations for his own invasion of Poland, Conrad developed a closer relationship with Cnut, King of England and Denmark (whose kingdom lay along the Empire's northern border). Cnut accompanied Conrad to his coronation as emperor in 1027, and Conrad granted authority over the March of Schleswig, the land-bridge between Denmark and Germany.
Fearing a joint German-Danish attack, Mieszko invaded the Empire's March of Lusatia and the territory of the Lutician Federation in 1028. The Lutici were a federation of West Slavic Polabian tribes that developed in the 10th century. Located on the northeast border of Germany, the Lutici were the regular target of German aggression during the early years of the Ottonian dynasty with Emperor Otto I's lieutenants Herman Billung and Gero, subjugating many of the Slavic tribes beginning in the 940s. In 983, as part of the Great Slav Rising, the Lutici initiated an open rebellion. In the ensuing war (983-995), the Lutici succeeded in reclaiming their independence and gained control of the Billung March and Northern March from the Empire. Though Emperor Otto III allied with Duke Boles?aw I of Poland to reintegrate them into the Empire, Otto III's death ended the friendly relationship between Poland the Empire. Instead, Boles?aw competed with Otto III's successor, Emperor Henry II, for dominion over the Lutici, causing Henry II to ally the Empire with the Lutici against Poland. Under the Peace of Bautzen in 1018, all three parties remained in uneasy peace, with Poland allowed to hold the Empire's Margraviate of Meissen. Of the eastern marches, the Empire only retained the March of Lusatia. Mieszko's 1028 invasion ended the peace. The Lutici sent ambassadors to seek Conrad's protection against Mieszko, which Conrad granted and renewed the German-Lutician alliance.
Seeking to protect the Lutici from Polish invasion, Conrad launched a counter-invasion in 1029 and placed the Polish-held Bautzen under siege. Faced with a potential invasion by Hungary and the failure of the Lutici to provide their promised contingent of troops, Conrad retreated. In 1030, Poland secured an alliance with Hungary, with Stephen I invading Bavaria while Mieszko invaded Saxony. Conrad responded by allying with Yaroslav the Wise, Grand Prince of Kiev, to attack and capture Red Ruthenia on Poland's eastern border. In 1031, Conrad concluded a peace treaty with Hungary by ceding territory in eastern Carinithia to Hungarian control. Freed from the threat of Hungarian attack, the Emperor was able to focus his attention on attacking Poland. Marching on Mieszko in autumn 1031, Conrad laid siege at the Polish held-Bautzen in the Margraviate of Meissen. Mieszko's authority was shaken by the German and Kieven invasions, and the rebellion led by his exiled brother Bezprym. Mieszko surrendered to Conrad in fall 1031. Under the Treaty of Merseburg, Mieszko returned control over the Margraviate of Meissen and the March of Lusatia to the Empire.
Treaty of Merseburg
Soon after Mieszko concluded peace with the Empire, he was deposed by his half-brother Bezprym. When Mieszko assumed the Polish throne in 1025 he exiled his brother, who fled to the protection of Kievan Rus to the east of Poland. With Meiszko's position weakened by his wars with the Empire, Bezprym, supported by Conrad, persuaded the Kevian Grand Price Yaroslav I the Wise to invade Poland and install Bezprym as the country's ruler. The Kievan invasion was a success. Mieszko fled to the Duchy of Bohemia where he was imprisoned and castrated by Duke Oldrich in retribution for Mieszko's father Boles?aw's blinding Duke Boleslaus III, Oldrich's brother, thirty years earlier. Shortly after taking power, Bezprym sent the Polish royal crown and regalia to Conrad, officially renouncing the title "king" in favor of the traditional title "duke" and accepting the overlordship of the Empire over Poland. The Royal crown and regalia were delivered by Mieszko II's wife, Queen Richeza.
Bezprym's reign was short. Bezprym's extreme cruelty caused his half-brother Otto Boles?awowic to lead a conspiracy. Bezprym's own men murdered him in spring 1032, created a power vacuum in Poland. Conrad responded by holding an assembly at Merseburg in 1033 to address the situation. Conrad's wife, the Empress Gisela of Swabia, interceded on Mieszko's behalf and requested he be freed from imprisonment in Bohemia and allowed to regain the Polish throne. Under the terms of the Treaty of Merseburg, Conrad divided Poland between Mieszko, Otto, and another half brother Detric. Mieszko was allowed to retain the title Duke and nominal authority over all of Poland. With a strong central leader to guide it, the treaty significantly increased the Empire's influence over Poland.
The division was short-lived: in 1033 Otto was killed by one of his own men, and Mieszko II took his domains. Shortly after, Mieszko expelled Detric, reuniting the whole country in his hands. Though Mieszko regained his former power, he still had to fight against the nobility and his own subjects. Mieszko did not accept Bezprym's renunciation of the Polish crown and continued to style himself as "King" instead of "Duke". Mieszko II died soon after in 1034, and upon his death, a Pagan reaction in Poland erupted. Subsequently, his wife Richeza and son Casimir I fled to Germany.
Relations with Eastern Europe - Bohemia
The Duchy of Bohemia was incorporated into the Holy Roman Empire in 1004 during the German-Polish Wars, which stretched from 1002 to 1018. Emperor Henry II installed Jaromir as Duke of Bohemia and promised protection against Polish aggression in return for incorporation. Jaromir ruled only a smaller territory, however, as Poland occupied the traditional Czech territories of Moravia, Silesia, Lesser Poland and Lusatia. In 1012, Jaromir was deposed by his brother Oldrich, who assumed the Bohemian throne for himself. Following the resumption of hostilities between the Empire and Poland in 1028, Oldrich went on the offensive against Poland, reconquering Moravia by 1029, which helped to stabilize his duchy. The war ended in 1031 when Polish King Mieszko II surrendered to Conrad. In the civil war which followed, Meiszko was forced to flee Poland for Bohemia, where Oldrich had him imprisoned and castrated in revenge for the torture Meiszko's father, Boles?aw I of Poland, inflicted upon Duke Boleslaus III, Oldrich's brother, thirty years before.
Poland was unable to stabilize in the wake of Mieszko's exile, forcing Conrad to convene an assembly in July 1033 to issue the Treaty of Merseburg which restored Meiszko to the Polish throne. Conrad summoned Oldrich to appear to the assembly, but Oldrich refused. His absence raised the ire of the Emperor and Conrad, busy with securing his succession to the Burgundy throne, charged his son Duke Henry of Bavaria with punishing the recalcitrant Bohemian. At age 17, Henry's march on Bohemia was his first independent military command. The expedition was complete success, with Henry deposing Oldrich and restoring his brother Jaromir to the Bohemian throne, with Oldrich's son Bretislaus I appointed as Count of Moravia. Oldrich was imprisoned in Bavaria but by 1034 was pardoned and allowed to return to Bohemia.
Oldrich deposed and blinded Jaromir, reclaimed the Bohemian throne, and exiled his son. While the reason for the conflict between father and son has been lost, it is believed Bretislaus supported Jaromir over his father. Oldrich died suddenly on November 9, 1034, allowing Bretislaus to return from exile. Though Jaromir was offered the throne, he declined in favor of his nephew. Bretislaus was then installed as the new Duke of Bohemia by Conrad.
With Otto III's approval, Stephen was crowned as the first Christian king of Hungary on Christmas Day, 1000. Otto III's successor, Emperor Henry II, was Stephen's brother-in-law by Stephen's marriage to Henry's sister Gisela, furthering the friendly relationship between the Empire and Germany. Under Conrad, however, relations quickly turned hostile as Conrad pursued a more aggressive policy regarding eastern Europe. Conrad II expelled Venetian Doge Otto Orseolo, the husband of Stephen's sister Grimelda of Hungary, from Venice in 1026. Conrad also persuaded the Bavarians to proclaim his own son, Henry, as their duke in 1027, although Stephen's son, Emeric of Hungary, had a strong claim to the Duchy of Bavaria through his mother.
Emperor Conrad planned a marriage alliance with the Byzantine Empire and dispatched one of his advisors, Bishop Werner of Strasbourg, to Constantinople. The bishop seemingly traveled as a pilgrim, but Stephen, who had been informed of his actual purpose, refused to let him enter into his country in the autumn of 1027. Conrad's biographer, Wipo of Burgundy recorded that the Bavarians incited skirmishes along the common Imperial-Hungarian border in 1029, causing a rapid deterioration in relations between the two countries. In 1030, open conflict erupted. Conrad launched an invasion of Hungary, but had to retreat when the Hungarians successfully used scorched earth tactics. Conrad left matters in Hungary to his son Henry, so he could address his problems with his stepson Ernest II, the deposed Duke of Swabia. Henry settled the conflict by 1031 by granting lands between the Leitha River and Fischa River in eastern Bavaria to Hungary. Hungary and the Empire remained at peace from 1031 through to Henry's own reign as Emperor in 1040.
Annexation of Burgundy
King Rudolph III of Burgundy, ruler of the Kingdom of Arles, had no sons, so Emperor Henry II was able to force the Burgundian ruler to name Henry as Rudolph's successor in 1016. Henry II was Rudolph's nephew, and his closest living male relative, as Henry II was the son of Rudolph's sister Gisela of Burgundy. When Emperor Henry II died in 1024, Rudolph was still alive, sparking a new controversy in the Burgundian succession. Conrad II, as Henry II's successor, claimed he inherited Henry II's rights, but Rudolph disputed his claim. Count Odo II of Blois, who had familial ties to Rudolph, also claimed a right in the succession. Conrad II met Rudolph in August 1027 near Basel to settle the dispute. Henry II's widowed wife, the Empress Cunigunde of Luxembourg, mediated between the two parties. A settlement was reached that allowed Conrad II to succeed to the Burgundian throne upon Rudolph's death under the same conditions as Henry II. In return, Rudolph was allowed to retain independent rule over his kingdom.
Rudolph died on September 6, 1032, while Conrad was campaigning against Duke Mieszko II of Poland. Having forced Mieszko II to surrender, Conrad marched with his army to Burgundy in the winter of 1032/1033. Count Odo II of Blois, Conrad's former rival for the Burgundian throne, had already invaded the kingdom to secure his rule, controlling large portions of the kingdom's western territories. On February 2, 1033, Conrad arrived at Vaud, where he held an assembly at the abbey of Payerne and was crowned King of Burgundy. Initially, Conrad made little headway against Odo and had to withdraw to Zurich in March. After two large-scale military campaigns in summer 1033 and summer 1034, Conrad defeated Odo. On August 1, 1034, Conrad officially incorporated Burgundy into the Holy Roman Empire at a ceremony held in the Cathedral of Geneva.
Though Burgundy was definitively under imperial control, the kingdom was allowed significant autonomy. Conrad rarely intervened in its affairs following his coronation, returning only in 1038 to name his son Henry as the kingdom's new ruler. The chief importance of the annexation of Burgundy was to augment the influence and dignity of the Emperor himself. Control of Burgundy did benefit the Empire. With Burgundy secured, the Empire controlled the western Alpine passes in Italy, allowing the Empire to secure its hold over Italy by blocking foreign invasions.
Politics Conrad formally confirmed the popular legal traditions of Saxony and issued new constitutions for Lombardy. In 1028 at Aachen, he had his son Henry elected and anointed king of Germany. Henry married Gunhilda of Denmark, daughter of King Canute the Great of England, Denmark, and Norway by Emma of Normandy. This was an arrangement that Conrad had made many years prior, when he gave Canute parts of northern Germany to administer.[citation needed] Henry, who would later become Emperor Henry III, became his father's chief counselor. Conrad campaigned unsuccessfully against Poland in 1028–1030. In 1031, Conrad and the Kievan Rus' forced King Mieszko II, son and heir of Boles?aw I, to make peace and return the land that Boles?aw had taken from the Empire during the reign of Henry II. Mieszko II was compelled to give up his royal title, and for the remainder of his troubled rule became the Duke of Poland and Conrad's vassal.
In 1029 some Bavarian border conflicts undermined the good relations with Stephen I of Hungary. One year later Conrad launched a campaign against Hungary. The Hungarians successfully used scorched earth tactics, and Conrad had to withdraw his army. Finally, the Hungarian army forced him to surrender at Vienna. After his defeat, Conrad was obliged to cede some border territory to Hungary.
When Rudolph III, King of Burgundy died on February 2, 1032, Conrad claimed the Kingship on the basis of an inheritance that Henry II had extorted from Rudolph in 1006, after Henry invaded Burgundy to enforce his claim in 1016. Despite some opposition, the Burgundian and Provençal nobles paid homage to Conrad in Zürich in 1034. This Kingdom of Burgundy, later known as the Kingdom of Arles under Conrad's successors, corresponded to most of the southeastern quarter of modern France and included western Switzerland, the Franche-Comté, and Dauphiné. It did not include the smaller Duchy of Burgundy to the north, ruled by a cadet branch of the Capetian King of France. (Most of the former Kingdom of Arles was incorporated into France piecemeal over the next centuries, but the King of Arles remained one of the Holy Roman Emperor's subsidiary titles until the dissolution of the Empire in 1806.)
Conrad upheld the rights of the valvassores (knights and burghers of the cities) of Italy against Archbishop Aribert of Milan and the local nobles. The nobles, as vassal lords, and the bishop had conspired to rescind rights from the burghers. Conrad restored order with skillful diplomacy and luck.
Late life - Second Italian expeditionIn 1038, Prince Guaimar IV of Salerno requested that Conrad adjudicate in a dispute over Capua with its Prince Pandulf, whom Conrad had released from imprisonment in 1024, immediately after his coronation. Hearing that Michael IV the Paphlagonian of the Byzantine Empire had received the same request, Conrad went to Southern Italy, to Salerno and Aversa. He appointed Richer, from Germany, as abbot of Monte Cassino, the abbot Theobald being imprisoned by Pandulf. At Troia, he ordered Pandulf to restore stolen property to Monte Cassino. Pandulf sent his wife and son to ask for peace, giving 300 lb of gold and a son and daughter as hostages. The Emperor accepted Pandulf's offer, but the hostage escaped and Pandulf holed up in his outlying castle of Sant'Agata de' Goti. Conrad besieged and took Capua and gave it to Guaimar with the title of Prince. He also recognised Aversa as a county of Salerno under Ranulf Drengot, the Norman adventurer. Pandulf, meanwhile, fled to Constantinople. Conrad thus left the Mezzogiorno firmly in Guaimar's hands and loyal, for once, to the Holy Roman Empire.
During the return trip to Germany an epidemic broke out among the troops. Conrad's daughter-in-law and stepson died. Conrad himself returned safely and held several important courts in Solothurn, Strasbourg, and Goslar. His son Henry was invested with the kingdom of Burgundy. A year later in 1039 Conrad fell ill and died of gout in Utrecht. His heart and bowels are buried at the Cathedral of Saint Martin, Utrecht. His body was transferred to Speyer via Cologne, Mainz, and Worms, where the funeral procession made stops. His body is buried at Speyer Cathedral, which was still under construction at this time. During a major excavation in 1900 his sarcophagus was relocated from his original resting place in front of the altar to the crypt, where it is still visible today along with those of seven of his successors. A biography of Conrad II in chronicle form, Gesta Chuonradi II imperatoris, was written by his chaplain Wipo of Burgundy, and presented to Henry III in 1046, not long after the latter was crowned.
Family and childrenConrad married Gisela of Swabia in 1016, the daughter of Duke Herman II of Swabia. They had three children: Henry III b.1017. Beatrix b.1020c d.1036. Mathilde b.1027