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What is Freemasonry?
Freemasonry, sometimes just called Masonry, is the world's oldest and largest Fraternity. It aims to promote Friendship, Morality, and Brotherly Love among its members — men from every race, religion, opinion, and background — who are brought together as Brothers to develop and strengthen the bonds of friendship. There are more than 3 million members meeting in nearly every free country in the world. Freemasonry proposes to "make good men better" by teaching — with metaphors taken from geometry and architecture — about building values based on great universal truths. And of course, charity and community service is fundamental to Freemasonry and something we actively take part in.
Where can I get more information about the Freemasons?
The best way to get information is to talk to a Mason — either online or in person. If you're in Massachusetts, you can connect with one of our Lodges right away through this form.
If you are outside of Massachusetts, visit BeAFreemason.org to connect with Masons near you. The person you are connected with, usually the membership representative of the Lodge, will answer your questions and provide you with additional information.
If you would like, he can usually arrange a convenient time to meet, introduce you to other members, give you a tour their building, and answer your questions. You may have some of the same questions as those below — so take a look at the rest of the FAQ's.
What are the requirements to become a Mason?
Although exact membership requirements may vary slightly from country to country and state to state, generally anyone meeting the following primary requirements may petition a Lodge for membership:
- You are an adult male (usually 18-21, based on the individual jurisdiction) of good character and recommended by a Mason.
- You believe in a Supreme Being — no atheist can become a Mason — but we are not concerned with theological distinctions or your particular religious beliefs.
- You are interested in becoming a Mason because you hold a favorable opinion of our institution; and, your decision to apply is based on your own "free will and accord." No one will compel you to join.
How do I become a Freemason?
Because Masons have not traditionally recruited members, and do not hold public meetings, there has long been confusion about how to join the Fraternity. Does someone ask you? Do you ask?
If you meet the requirements above, it is really quite simple. Most men can become a Mason by simply asking. Each Lodge manages the membership process for its candidates. In general, men seek out a Lodge near their home or work (the "Find a Lodge" feature above will help you find the nearest Lodge), or they ask a Mason to recommend a Lodge to them. Once you've found a Lodge you would like to join, let them know of your interest and they will provide you with a petition.
If you are unanimously elected by the members of a Lodge, joining the Fraternity involves going through three "degrees": Entered Apprentice, Fellow Craft, and Master Mason. Every man accepted into the Fraternity goes through the degrees, thereby making each an equal to the others in the Lodge. Typically they are conferred during a Lodges's monthly meeting over the course of three months. Once you are a Master Mason, however, you are free to join the many appendant organizations. Some of these are described on our "Masonic Family" page. You should know though, that the 3rd Degree, or Master Mason degree, is the highest degree in Freemasonry — any others are supplemental, and though they may add to your Masonic experience, the degrees are no higher, regardless of their number.
What if I don't know a Mason who can recommend me?
It is quite possible you know a Mason but you just don't realize it. If your father, uncles, or grandfathers aren't Masons, they probably know someone who is. You might also want to ask around your workplace or school, church, or gym — anywhere that you find a group of men, you might find a Mason. Masons tend to be very proud of their association with the Fraternity, but though many love to talk about Masonry, others are uncomfortable talking about it. Some find it difficult to speak with their friends or family members because they don't want to push Masonry on them. They might very well be looking forward to the opportunity to speak with you if you show interest, however. More importantly, they would probably be honored to sponsor you for membership.
If you don't know anyone who is a Mason and you are a complete stranger to all of the members of the Lodge, you are going to want to take some time getting to know them. They are going to want to take some time getting to know you too. Once you are ready to Ask, a member of the Lodge will sign your petition.
How do I find a Lodge?
The best resource for the information you need is the Grand Lodge that presides over your jurisdiction (your state or province in North America, your country most everywhere else in the world). Visit BeAFreemason.org to find yours. Do not hesitate to contact them. They will welcome your inquiry.
What are the time and/or financial commitments of being a Mason?
Time: Becoming a Mason takes several months from the time you complete your petition until you have finished your degrees. Until you begin taking your degrees though, very little is asked of you.
Once the degree work begins, you will need to attend your Lodge's monthly meeting. Different states may have additional requirements, such as attending a "Lodge of Instruction," where you receive further explanation about the degree you just experienced. There is also some side work that you will need to complete that amounts to a little bit of homework. Every member of the Fraternity has gone through this process and your lodge will assign a Brother to help you.
Once you have completed your three degrees, we expect our members to attend their lodge's "Stated Communication," or monthly meeting, although it is not required. Sometimes there will be a special meeting on a second night in a month, and rarely, you may find some Lodges that have stated meetings twice a month. Beyond that, there are other activities going on: community service, family and social outings, etc. that take place throughout the year. We hope our members will participate in the events that their time and interest allows. Like many things, you get out of Freemasonry what you put into it; although we also recognize and understand the need for balance between family, work or school, and other interests and commitments.
Cost: Considering the cost to join many organizations these days, Freemasonry could be thought of as a bargain. But there are some expenses involved; particularly a one-time initiation fee and annual dues. The amount varies, as each Lodge sets its own fees and dues.
In Massachusetts, initiation fees generally runs between $100 and $300, with the average around $200. There are also annual dues, which again differ from lodge-to-lodge, that run between $75 and $200, with $100 being the average. Some lodges will charge more than these amounts and some charge less. Notably, Lodges meeting in the Boston Masonic Building have higher fees and dues: the average initiation fee is approximately $500, and the average annual dues are $200. Finally, there are Grand Lodge dues. In 2020, dues for the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts are $74.
Where did Freemasonry come from?
Part of the mystique of Freemasonry can be attributed to speculation about its roots. Over the years, historians have never been able to conclusively determine exactly when, where, how, and why Freemasonry was formed.
The order is thought to have arisen from the English and Scottish guilds of practicing stonemasons and cathedral builders in the Middle Ages. Certain Masonic documents actually trace the sciences of geometry and masonry to the time of ancient Egypt, and some historians say that Masonry has its real roots in antiquity.
The formation of the first Grand Lodge in London in 1717 marks the beginning of the Modern (or "Speculative") era of Freemasonry, when members were no longer limited to actual working stonemasons. These "Accepted" Masons adopted more enlightened philosophies, and turned what was a tradesmen's organization into a fraternity for moral edification, intellectual recitation, benevolent service, and gentlemanly socialization.
Why is there so much interest in Masonry today?
Over the last four centuries, Freemasonry seems to have flourished during times of great enlightenment and change. It is no coincidence that Freemasonry rose to prominence during the Age of Enlightenment in both Europe and America. That was the time when a new generation believed it could discover ways to gain personal improvement, bring order to society, and understand the whole universe. This statement is perhaps even stronger today than it was in the 18th century.
Today, men seek out Masonry for the same reasons — to better themselves and improve society in the company of like-minded brothers. As we learn more about how our physical world works, there's also new interest in those things we don't understand — especially things bound around tradition or that have a more mystical nature.
What are the benefits of becoming a Mason?
There are numerous benefits to being a Mason, but they tend to be personal, and quite varied. The benefits can only be truly discovered by becoming a member. But we can try and give you an idea. Without question you will have the opportunity to experience camaraderie and fellowship with a group of men across the boundaries of age, race, religion, culture, and opinion. This is a fundamental concept to the Fraternity. Many find great value and knowledge in our ritual ceremony — it uses symbolism and metaphors to encourage and remind us to appreciate principles, ethics, and morality, and to live our lives accordingly. Others find great satisfaction in our charitable efforts, community service, and the support we provide our members and their families. Finally, for those who take on leadership positions within their lodge, they have the chance to develop or further very practical management skills.
Why aren't there any famous women who are Masons?
Freemasonry is, by definition, a fraternity that aims to promote Brotherly Love and Friendship among its members. It is a worldwide organization that draws together men and helps cultivate and promote better relationships and the bonds of friendships between them. Freemasonry doesn't focus on Friendship and Brotherly Love because it believes that only relations between men are important, or that relations between men and women are unimportant, but because hope for peace and harmony in the world is improved when men can put aside their differences and come together as friends.
Masons also appreciate and value relations with women. We sponsor and participate in Masonic related organizations that include women and/or girls, such as the Order of Eastern Star, the Order of Rainbow for Girls, and Job's Daughters.
Is Masonry a Religion?
Masonry is not a religion. But because it is open to all men who believe in a Supreme Being, it is one of the few platforms where men of all faiths — Christians (including Catholics), Jews, Muslims, and men of every other faith, can come together. Religion, though, is not discussed at Masonic meetings. Although Lodges open and close with a prayer and Masonry teaches morality, it is not a church or a religion. Masonry does not have a theology or a dogma, it does not offer sacraments, and it does not offer the promise of salvation.
Is Freemasonry a charity?
No. Masonic principles teach the value of relief (charity), and Freemasons give more than $2 million A DAY to charitable causes, along with countless man hours. More than 70% of these donations support the general public. Among their works are the Shriners Hospitals for Children, with 22 sites throughout North America that include world renowned burn centers and orthopedic facilities; almost 225 Learning Centers that help children with dyslexia, speech and hearing disorders; the Masonic Youth Child Identification Program (MYCHIP), and the Masonic Angel Foundation, providing modest assistance to children and adults in local communities who do not fit the criteria for usual social-services. Throughout America and world, there are numerous other worthy causes and groups that local Lodges contribute to and help in their communities.
Is Masonry a secret society?
No. It is sometimes said that Freemasonry is a "Society with secrets, not a secret society." In point of fact, however, any purported Masonic "secrets" were made public several centuries ago in London newspapers, and today can be found in the Library of Congress, on the Internet, and in many books on the subject. Benjamin Franklin once said, "The great secret of Freemasonry is that there is no secret at all." But some say the one great secret of Freemasonry… is finding out who YOU really are.
What about secret handshakes, ritual, and passwords?
Freemasonry, often called the "Craft" by its members, employs metaphors of architecture. Following the practice of the ancient stonemason guilds, Freemasons use special handshakes, words, and symbols to not only to identify each other, but to help, as William Preston said in 1772, "imprint upon the memory wise and serious truths."
Although every Freemason takes an obligation — and vows to keep the secrets of Masonry — it doesn't matter to him that you can find the secrets in print; what matters is that he keeps his promise. And the secrets he is protecting are only used to help Masons become better men; and there's certainly no secret surrounding what it takes to be good and true.
What is Masonic "ritual?"
The nature of Masonic ritual is both complex and beautiful. "Ritual" is a formal ceremony of initiation which recites certain tenets and truths that have been passed down for generations — mostly from mouth to ear. This "Ritual" takes the form of lectures and theater in the Lodge, and is used to teach new Masons the value of true friendship, the benefits of knowledge, and the necessity of helping those in need.
It speaks to the power and impact our ritual has on men's hearts and minds because it has stood the test of time for more than 300 years. Although our world has changed dramatically during that time, our ritual is virtually the same.
Not everyone will want to learn the ancient ritual — as it takes great time and study — but those Masons who chose to learn it are rewarded with the satisfaction of upholding a great tradition and helping their fellow brothers further their Masonic understanding.
Just because the secrets have been made public doesn't mean everyone knows the mystery of Masonry. In fact, much of the appeal of the Craft is that the great truths revealed in Masonic ritual can take years to understand. Like the building of any great structure, the powerful metaphors and symbols of Masonry build character — and sometimes greatness — one stone at a time.

subset: commoncrawl


text: Hello Sue- Rick Speer passed along your question about lady's-slippers to the Josselyn Botanical Society list. Here's the scoop: You're right, you SHOULDN'T pick or dig lady's-slippers. Like many orchids, they take a long time to grow- generally more than a decade before they can even flower- and have other predators (like deer) to contend with. But like many other folks, you're mistaken about their legal status. In Maine, they have none. They follow the general rule of law that the plants on a person's land are considered his or her property. The lady's-slippers you're describing are the common pink lady's-slipper, Cypripedium acaule. They are found throughout the state and are not particularly rare on a statewide basis-- even though you don't usually find lots at one time. While not what you were looking for, I hope this information is useful. Sue Gawler ********************* Susan C. Gawler Gawler Conservation Services Box 867B, Guptill Rd. Belgrade, ME 04917 207-495-3513 (phone) 207-495-3444 (fax) [log in to unmask]


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By now, you've likely heard that the new transportation bill, MAP-21, consolidated bicycling and walking programs into a new program called Transportation Alternatives, and that overall funding was cut by approximately 30 percent. However, the details vary quite a bit state by state. In this blog I hope to help you understand more about the financial impact specific to your state.
How much will my state get for Transportation Alternatives?
The size of the funding cut for Transportation Alternatives is different in each state. We totaled funding available in FY2012 for Transportation Enhancements, Safe Routes to School and Recreational Trails and compared it with what will be available in FY2013 for Transportation Alternatives. As you'll see in our FY12 vs. FY 13 funding levels chart, the size of the cuts range from 18.18 percent (Georgia) to 51.57 percent (Vermont). The funding cuts are so varied because funding for Transportation Alternatives is now tied to a percentage of the total of a state's various surface transportation dollars, rather than the old funding formulas.
How is my state's Transportation Alternatives allocation divided up among MPOs and the state?
The Transportation Alternatives funding is divided up in several ways:
- First, the apportionment for Recreational Trails is taken off the top, unless the Governor opts out.
- Of the funds that remain, half is to be distributed throughout the state based on population. None of these funds can be transferred to other transportation programs.
- If your state has Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPO) serving 200,000 people or more, they will receive a portion of those funds, based on their share of the state's population, through suballocation.
- Any funds remaining after the MPO suballocation must be awarded by the state to other, lower-population areas of the state through a project competition.
- The remaining half of funds are to be distributed by the state through a grant competition, but all or part of this funding can be transferred to other transportation programs.
You can get a better handle on this by looking at your state's specific allocations in our Transportation Alternatives breakouts chart. You'll be able to see that, for example, in California 96.4 percent of the by-population pot of funding (or $32.1 million) will be suballocated to MPOs and that in Montana, none of the by-population pot of funding will be suballocated, leaving it all for a population-based grant competition. The Rails-to-Trails Conservancy has also created state-by-state maps with estimates of how much each specific MPO will receive. (Note: since this blog was posted, FHWA has issued the official MPO allocation charts.)
How much does my state have left under the current Safe Routes to School program?
Many states still have funds remaining from the past eight years of Safe Routes to School funding. Those funds continue to be available, and states can continue to use those dollars to award new Safe Routes to School grants, under the original law.
Now that I understand the financial impact on my state, what should I do now?
We are working hand-in-hand with the other national bicycling and walking groups to identify lead organizers for each state, and to produce a suite of tools and resources to help advocates maximize funding for bicycling in walking in each state. Look for more information from us later this week about how you can volunteer to help with these state by state campaigns.
For more information on MAP-21, see our MAP-21 Resource Center.


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Intel Insider: Sandy Bridge Gets 1080p High Bitrate Streaming
by Anand Lal Shimpi on January 10, 2011 2:19 PM EST- Posted in
- CPUs
- Intel
- Sandy Bridge
- Intel Insider
- Trade Shows
In an attempt to ultimately raise its stock price, Intel is trying to shock and surprise investors by keeping details scarce on unannounced products. We saw the first example of this last year with Sandy Bridge. Intel was very late in disclosing architectural details, and it took a leak to even find out about Intel's hardware transcode engine - arguably one of the biggest, tangible features of Sandy Bridge. I'm not a financial analyst nor do I have any influence on stock price, but this seems to be a strategy that ultimately won't work. It's not Apple's withholding of information that results in its very healthy stock. If Intel wants to raise its share price it will ultimately have to do two things: 1) release killer technology, 2) put said technology to good use right away without waiting on its partners to do so.
We are seeing examples of this in the market already. Intel's Wireless Display technology leverages Intel hardware with Intel developed software. Intel Insider, is another, more recent example.
Prior to Sandy Bridge Intel mentioned something to press called Intel Insider. Details would be forthcoming (see aforementioned keep-things-secret-and-profit strategy), but the premise was something along the lines of content providers would enable HD video playback on Sandy Bridge systems. Wonderful. At this year's CES, I got some more detail on the technology.
As I mentioned in my article on 8-channel LPCM over HDMI article, content owners are worried about putting high quality video or audio content on the PC. The fear is of course completely misplaced and misguided because even with the absurd amount of DRM in place on every form of high definition video media, pirated content is just as easy to come by as it ever was. Regardless, content owners will be content owners and they tend to flip out about things like providing super high resolution/high bitrate video to PCs. The thinking is that PCs are too easily compromised and thus the ultra-secure Blu-ray DRM should be the only way to get the best quality video on the PC.
Apparently, according to Intel, this is part of the reason that online video streaming services like iTunes and Amazon Video on Demand don't offer high bitrate 1080p videos.
A simplified encryption/decryption diagram for Blu-ray playback on a PC
With Sandy Bridge, this all changes. The on-die GPU already features the necessary protected audio and video paths to play full resolution Blu-ray discs - this part is nothing new. Intel still isn't providing a lot of details on what else has been added to SNB, but apparently there's enough in the way of key generation, authentication, protected pathways and storage on-die that at least two content providers are comfortable with trusting PCs to download and stream higher-quality video content.
Both WBshop.com and Best Buy's Cinema Now will enable support for Intel Insider at some point in the future. Upon detecting that you have a Sandy Bridge (Core i3 and above) you'll be given access to download/stream higher resolution/bitrate content. The big unknown is how close you'll get to a Blu-ray source of course.
The holy grail is Blu-ray quality streaming video to your PC the day of release in theaters. However a more realistic goal is Blu-ray quality streaming the day of release on BD. Either way, I'm curious to see if whatever Intel has done in SNB is enough to convince content owners to make BD quality streaming happen. While Amazon, iTunes and Netflix streaming is good, it's not enough for very large screen sizes (and definitely not projector setups) - we need better. I'd prefer if we didn't have to jump through hoops to make this happen, but until we all band together and start a movie studio I'm not sure if we'll ever get around DRM enabled content.
As for whether or not this is an important feature of SNB - it really boils down to the implementation on the software/service provider side. Intel Insider itself isn't enough to get excited about, what it enables will make or break the feature.
Special thanks to Venya for helping with the photos for this and other CES articles
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Exelius - Monday, January 10, 2011 - link
This is a very curious article... I don't know why you bring up the stock price issue; of course, raising the stock price is the goal of any company. But due to the release/adoption cycle of a company like Intel, ANY feature is unlikely to have any impact on share price any time soon. Also; this feature is of limited use to the server market, which is a pretty significant part of Intel's business. Stocks are based off expected profits, sure, but the majority of Intel's revenue comes from scheduled replacement / obsolescence. There's no immediate pressure for Intel's new products either; upgrade cycles are complicated and overlap a lot. A product announcement from Intel takes months to make an impact financially, where Apple will release a new product and it will have an immediate impact on the cash flows of the company. That's how consumer products work though.
Also; strong form market efficiency says that keeping information secret will have zero impact on the stock price. The information is priced into the stock whether it is public or not. The market knows what Intel is spending on R&D and they know the expected return of that R&D. Over the long term (which is what stock price measures) these numbers are pretty accurate.
In other words, stick to the tech Anand. Secrecy is marketing; in Apple's case they sometimes cut or change features at the last minute so they don't want to hype features they can't deliver by the release date. In this case, the secrecy created intrigue: what could Intel's secret announcement be? It's just a marketing trick, and an old one. There's something amazing behind the curtain, but it ceases to be amazing once I pull back the curtain. -
HibyPrime1 - Tuesday, January 11, 2011 - link
I think what Anand was getting at isn't the history of Intel's stock, its a situation they were hoping to create in spite of it's history, taking queues from what they believed made Apple's stock go up after their releases. It's a very likely situation, because just as you said Intel's stock is (or at least should be, I don't know the specifics) not all that time-varying. It's not hard to imagine them trying out a gimmick to give them short term benefits with little to no long term issues.
It could very well have had nothing to do with trying to tinker with their stock, and could have been solely marketing based. It's not something that anyone outside of Intel could know for sure.
The other point you made, about the product not being immediately related to profits is exactly what the article is talking about, and is giving a new example of how they're trying to change that. See quote.
"If Intel wants to raise its share price it will ultimately have to do two things: 1) release killer technology, 2) put said technology to good use right away without waiting on its partners to do so." -
sprockkets - Monday, January 10, 2011 - link
Never understood why content owners are afraid of audio being ripped and pirated. I mean, seriously now. And with HDCP permanently broken, this isn't going to really help. -
jasperjones - Monday, January 10, 2011 - link
"The thinking is that PCs are too easily compromised and thus the ultra-secure Blu-ray DRM should be the only way to get the best quality video on the PC."
Blu-ray ultra-secure? I'm a non-native speaker and obv must be missing the irony here--you can't be that unworldly :) -
rajaf - Monday, March 28, 2011 - link
I have to agree. Torrent sites are full of Blu-ray rips, some even before the official release. -
designerfx - Monday, January 10, 2011 - link
uh, DRM will be gone when these companies are ready to grow and realize the 21st century. Basically when the old out of touch execs die, so anywhere from 10-15 years from now.
in the meantime, we're all not even inconvenienced, it just becomes one more company to avoid. AACS doesn't even stop bluray ripping, and after that the rest doesn't matter. Why do you need 1080P streaming when you can download a 1080P movie in less time than it takes to watch it?
good riddance to intel - with this DRM on a chip and graphics integrated with every single cpu, who would want their products? what a waste. For once I actually hope Nvidia outcompetes intel. -
mino - Monday, January 10, 2011 - link
Could you clarify how the presence of a feature YOU will (obviously) never use affect you? -
mino - Monday, January 10, 2011 - link
.. how does ... -
derek_b - Friday, January 14, 2011 - link
"uh, DRM will be gone when these companies are ready to grow and realize the 21st century. Basically when the old out of touch execs die, so anywhere from 10-15 years from now."
Don't forget that the idealistic teenagers of the 60s became the stock-brokers of the 80s. I expect the kids of today may even adopt a _more_ conservative attitude when they eventually come to take charge of the financial bottom line. -
Exodite - Sunday, January 16, 2011 - link
You don't put your faith in the hippes man, you put your faith in the geeks!


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If you've been following the Pretty Handy Girl blog, you will recognize this copper wall sconce from the reading nook post. It was a $5 find at the Habitat for Humanity ReStore!
The sconce was a wall mount, but plug in kind. The lamp was in excellent shape, but it needed a longer cord, I wanted to ditch the brown cord, and add a switch on the cord.
I have to tell you, re-wiring a lamp is one of the easiest electrical DIY projects to tackle. Especially on this sconce since it doesn't have a long pole that the wires have to feed through. Hopefully, after reading this post, I can convince you to go ahead and fix that lamp. Or put a rolling switch on a light fixture you currently use.
Required Safety Tip: BEFORE WORKING ON ANY ELECTRICAL DEVICE, BE SURE IT IS UNPLUGGED OR YOU HAVE TURNED OFF THE POWER TO THE LIGHT FIXTURE OR OUTLET.
Okay, now that we have that out of the way, don't be scared, you can do this!
At this point, I actually looked inside the lamp. What the heck is that? Where are the threads?
Oh drat, someone broke a bulb and left the base screwed inside the fixture. I have never tried the "potato" solution, but this other method works great for me every time!
The Pretty Handy Girl's Guide to Removing a Broken Light Bulb
1. Unplug your lamp :-).
2. You need two needle-nosed pliers to grip the metal base of the bulb at the 9 o'clock and 3 o'clock positions.
Gently twist the base to the left or counter-clockwise. Always remember: Lefty Loosie, Righty Tighty!
3. Keep twisting until your base is free.
Voila, it is fixed!
Now, time to remove that ugly brown wire and then add a switch to the cord.
Rewiring a Light Fixture
Tools needed:
New lamp cord
Utility Knife
Wire strippers/cutters
1. Unscrew the wire nuts. And untwist the wires.
2. Firmly pull the cord out of the hole. If you have a lamp with a long pole body, you will want to tape the new cord to the old so that the new cord is fished through the lamp as you are removing the older one.
3. Then feed the new wire back through the hole.
4. At this point (if you need to), you can trim your lamp cord to size using wire cutters. Then you will need to separate the cords slightly using your utility knife to cut gently on the center seam. Then strip off about 3/4″ of the white insulation using your wire strippers to expose your wires.
Wire strippers are pretty easy to use. Choose the hole that will just lightly cut the insulation, but not the wires inside. You can gently clamp down and watch as the insulation is scored. then you may need to rotate the cord 90 degrees and repeat. With the wire strippers firmly closed around the cord, pull the strippers toward the end of your cord. If the insulation is cut all the way through,it should slide right off.
5. Look carefully at your lamp cord. There should be two wires enclosed in the protective tubing. One side will either have writing on it or will have ridges that run the length of the cord. This "marked or identified" side is the neutral side. It will connect to the white wires in your lamp.
6. Twist the neutral side with the white wire in your light fixture. Twist the smooth unmarked side with the black (or hot) wire on your lamp.
* For some odd reason, my light fixture also had a bare wire (can also be green) or ground wire. I suspect that my fixture used to be a hard wired kind, but someone converted it to a plug in. If this happens to you, see my note at the end of this section.
7. Then twist wire nuts onto your wire connections being sure that you cannot see any exposed wires. If you do, cut your bare wires a little shorter and re-twist them together. Then for extra security try to fold the two wires so they are away from each other.
If you want to install a switch on your cord, stay with me…If not, go treat yourself to a cappuccino! You deserve the reward.
* Note about bare or green wire: If you have a green or bare wire (ground) on your lamp, it is advisable to ground the wire by connecting it to something metal that is separate from the lamp. I chose to wrap the bare wire around the screws I used to mount it on the wall.
Installing a switch onto your lamp cord
Tools needed:
Instructions (if they came with the switch follow them instead of mine.)
Utility Knife
Wire strippers/cutters
Required Safety Tip: BEFORE WORKING ON ANY ELECTRICAL DEVICE, BE SURE IT IS UNPLUGGED OR YOU HAVE TURNED OFF THE POWER TO THE LIGHT FIXTURE OR OUTLET.
Sorry, just needed to remind you. No need to lose any readers due to electrocution.
1. Determine where you want your switch located on your cord.
2. Using your utility knife, cut a 1 1/2″ slit between the two cords at the location the switch will be.
3. Look carefully at the wires. You will be cutting the smooth or unmarked wire in the center of your split area. This is your hot wire.
4. Open your switch with your screwdriver. Be careful not to lose the screw or the nut on the reverse side.
5. Now lay your cord inside the switch as shown. If the cut side doesn't fit neatly on the divided side of the switch, you can cut one of the wires a little shorter.
6. Place the cover back on the switch and screw it back on tightly. You will need to make sure the cover and back fit snuggly together with no gaps. It might help to squeeze the covers together firmly before inserting the screw. This is important, because there are little metal prongs that need to pierce into the wire insulation and touch the bare wire in order for the switch to work.
7. Go ahead and plug in your cord and test the lamp. Roll the switch, if it doesn't work you will need to UNPLUG THE CORD and press the switch together firmer and/or tighten your screw.
DONE! You just installed a switch on your lamp cord. Congrats to you!
If you need more pictures or information on wiring a lamp or adding a switch. Check out Family Handyman's website.
Geez, this has got to be one of the least visually appealing posts I've written yet. Are you still there, or are you asleep?


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In 1977, 10 years after the original Carnegie Commission recommended federal aid to public television, the Carnegie Corporation of New York created a second blue-ribbon panel to ponder policies on noncommercial broadcasting. Its report was released in January 1979. See also the Carnegie II report's recommendations and membership.
Twelve years have elapsed since the Carnegie Commission on Educational Television recommended a strengthened system of television stations, to be called public television. In the intervening years public radio and television have become established as major American institutions. This year larger audiences than ever before, easily three times the size of those a dozen years ago, will tune into a public radio or television station. This is also the year in which stations will be interconnected by satellite, beginning another decade of technological change. Despite such successes, public broadcasting continues to be plagued by many of the problems it faced a decade ago, as well as new difficulties that have emerged as the system has grown.
It was with this balanced view of public broadcasting that the boards of the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) and National Public Radio (NPR), and other concerned citizens, approached Carnegie Corporation of New York in mid-1976. They believed the time had come to reappraise the condition of public broadcasting in the United States.
In response, Carnegie Corporation created a small task force to analyze the problems and to determine whether or not a new commission on public broadcasting would be useful. The task force worked intensively for more than six months, meeting with over two hundred people involved in and knowledgeable about public broadcasting. On the task force's recommendation, the board of trustees of Carnegie Corporation established this Commission on the Future of Public Broadcasting in June 1977.
With Carnegie Corporation as our sole supporter, the Commission has been fully independent of existing interests in public broadcasting. Furthermore, from the beginning, Carnegie Corporation insisted that we need feel no commitment to the positions, philosophies, or statements of either the original Commission on Educational Television or the Carnegie task force.
Throughout the course of our inquiry, we have benefited from the trust and cooperation of the public broadcasting industry. Indeed, without remarkable assistance from the men and women in public broadcasting, our deliberations would not have been possible. We have made extraordinary demands on their time — for information and for the benefit of their experience — yet their doors have always been open.
Outside the public broadcasting system, support and assistance have been no less remarkable. Independent producers, scholars, spokespersons for public interest and minority groups, people working within commercial broadcasting, telecommunications, foundations, and the federal government have all generously contributed their time and knowledge.
These men and women in their strength, vitality, and willingness to put aside their own work to assist ours, have been our greatest source of optimism for the future of public broadcasting.
The Carnegie Corporation has given continuing encouragement and unstinting support for our work. Special thanks are due to President Alan Pifer, and to Vice-President David Robinson, our liaison.
We have been exceptionally fortunate in the competence and dedication of our staff. The executive director, Sheila Mahony, gave the Commission professional guidance of the highest caliber. She and her staff organized our meetings, seminars, and public hearings. Through all these discussions and innumerable staff papers, Ms. Mahony and her associates have done much to inform our study and to frame the substance of this report. We are happy to acknowledge the contributions of Richard Beatty, Ted Carpenter, Nicholas DeMartino, Dennis Dort, Michael Goldstein, Peter Low, Deborah Mack, Laura Perkins, Richard Poisky, Robert Stengel, and Andrew Solowey. Our support staff, Mary Abadie, who copyedited this report, Yvonne Maneates, Linda Muscara, and Carol Portnoy, who met every deadline for the Commission's work, generally under heavy pressure and always with admirable skill.
The work of the Commission began in earnest during September 1977, when we gathered for the first time at the New York headquarters of the Carnegie Corporation to listen to the report of the latter's task force and to hear the reflections of Dr. James Killian, who had led the renowned "Carnegie I." During that first meeting, we identified four distinct areas of study around which issues clustered: programming, public participation, financing, and technology/dissemination. This analysis helped to structure our research and sub sequent discussions, but from the beginning the connectedness of the four areas of study — the seamless web — was apparent.
Our second meeting was convened in Washington, D.C., in October 1977. The Commission at that time established a form of inquiry that was to continue for the next 9 of 15 monthly meetings that took us from coast to coast. During the early stages of our work, we made an extensive effort to visit the principal centers of public broadcasting and to receive the views of its professionals These meetings typically lasted two full days. The first day was reserved for testimony and discussion with invited participants in a forum open to the public and the press. The meetings were structured around the important themes of the Commission's work. In these meetings we benefited from the insights and testimony of 227 people. Indeed, through the course of this testimony, the issues and problems facing public broadcasting clearly emerged.
The second day of each meeting was taken up by internal discussion and debate of the issues, staff presentations, visits to stations, meetings with station managers from the region, and dinners with local community leaders and station board members. It was an exhausting but rewarding enterprise.
There were nine such public meetings, supplemented by four additional public hearings, and two private seminars, between October 1977 and June 1978.
The formal activities of the Commission were punctuated by frequent meetings between individual Commission members and the staff, as well as a number of station visits by individual commissioners. Throughout, the staff was in constant touch with the public broadcasting industry, its observers and critics, and a variety of experts in related fields. In all, several thousand people were contacted, resulting in nearly one hundred staff papers and memoranda. (See Appendix A for a full listing of our consultants, those who testified or participated in formal meetings, and a partial listing of the many people who guided our work through informal discussion.) Additionally, we received literally thousands of items of correspondence and written testimony. We retained 22 consultants whose papers and presentations have substantially aided our work. And we were much informed by the results of a survey of public broadcasting viewers and listeners conducted by an indomitable staff. Commission members, our consultants, and staff visited Great Britain, Japan, Canada, and 25 stations within the United States.
In July 1978 we undertook the second and crucial stage of our work, the difficult task of hammering out our recommendations and drafting this report. The report represents our best effort to design a new structure for public telecommunications that can accommodate the divergent yet clear needs of American public broadcasting in the decade ahead: stronger stations to serve hundreds of different local communities, a strong and protective national leadership representing the system to the public and guiding its growth, and finally, a carefully protected institution for supporting the delicate creative work that forms the heart and mind of the system.


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- Can you submit a paper to a conference that you are not sure you can attend?
- You have agreed to give an invited talk at a conference. But you find yourself traveling too much. Can you cancel your talk?
- You have accepted a tenure-track job at a good school but then you get an offer at a more desirable place? Can you take back your acceptance at the first place?
- You promised to referee a paper by a specific date. But life gets busy. Can you let the deadline slide?
Many members of our community treat such commitments quite seriously but unfortunately too many of us don't. For the latter group put yourself on the other side. Think of the editor dealing with referees who aren't refereeing and the author not getting his paper reviewed in a reasonable amount of time. Think of the department that has stopped their job search believing they have filled their opening. Think of the conference organizers having to reshuffle their program for talks not given.
Sometimes you have extenuating circumstances, like an illness, that do give you reasonable excuse. And you could always ask; people will often modify or let you out of your commitments if you make a polite request. But you must make every effort to honor your commitments. If you don't think you can then you shouldn't commit in the first place.
The ultimate commitment you make is the commitment to research. Once you start graduate school you make a promise to focus on science and your research as your main objectives. Only by keeping that commitment can you truly succeed as a scientist.
How much commitment do you need? In a ham and cheese omelet the chicken and the cow are involved but the pig is committed.


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My Paying Ads Couldn't Get Any Easier
I am loving My Paying Ads! It's such an easy, fun way to add to my passive income streams. Recruiting is all well and good, but sometimes you just want to make some money without all of that hassle. My Paying Ads requires no recruiting whatsoever, but if you want, you can increase your income even more, by recruiting some people into MPA. My Paying Ads is so hassle-free, that it requires less than 5 minutes to get paid daily. Plus, it's fun and the atmosphere of the company is like one big happy family. This is the lifestyle the Owner has created, where we're all on the road to financial freedom and having fun doing it! You can read more about our beloved Uday; and how he freed himself from a Boss and is now living the lifestyle he wants, while he takes care of his son with special needs. Just go to Other Pages/Owner and Admin. We're so appreciative he created this awesome company to make us all such great money! We love his honesty, work ethic, and what a good person he is. It's really wonderful when you come across people of such high intelligence and strong character in this industry. This is an Owner and company worth being loyal to. He bends over backwards for us members and puts in 150% to make sure everything is running smoothly! We love him for that!
My Paying Ads Lifestyle
Oh what a lifestyle with My Paying Ads….just wake up, click 10 ads for less than 5 minutes and you're paid! Or click at night, click whenever you want. The point is…it doesn't get easier than that. No job is going to pay you to work less than 5 minutes. That's why making money online is so awesome! It's super simple and so much less work for so much more money. Way more time and financial freedom. It's definitely working smart! Why kill yourself, working yourself to the bone for an exploitative Employer, when you can just link up with other awesome people in the industry, and all get paid while having fun! Makes more sense to take the easier, higher-paying route.
Get on Board with My Paying Ads
Do you want to start having fun with us and making money in a ridiculously easy way? Then get on board with us and My Paying Ads. It would be sad for you to miss out on this. Once you experience what it's like to make money in less than 5 minutes, you'll feel such a sense of relief. So many people are finally feeling happiness and experiencing a well-deserved break from grinding away at a job they hate. With My Paying Ads, it's possible to earn what people earn toiling away for an entire day at a miserable job, in less than 5 minutes. Things don't have to be so hard. You can actually feel happy and free. You can control your own life, do things according to when you want to do them, and make money without suffering. You can live a fun life you create on your own, not one based on an Employer telling you to get yourself to work by a certain time, and if you're 5 minutes late again, you're fired! There's no need to let someone control your life like that. Making money online gives a person the time freedom and financial freedom to create the life they want.
My Paying Ads is one online vehicle to achieve that freedom. It's a smart move to have programs like My Paying Ads in your online portfolio. It's a great company to be with if you're a full-time Online Marketer. It gives you a break from recruiting and a nice, steady, passive income stream. If you have a full-time job offline, My Paying Ads will give you that break and sense of relief you're long overdue. If you're involved in other businesses, My Paying Ads gives you a great audience to advertise your businesses to and lots of traffic. It's really simple to get started. Just purchase some ad packs, click 10 ads, and that's it. It's so easy a kid could do it! Check out the ad packs available on the home page and how much money you'll make for each pack. It's very easy to understand and everything's laid out for you right there on the site. Just go to the following sections to learn how everything works and how you'll share in the company's revenue for less than 5 minutes of work: Home Page, Details, FAQs, Terms and Conditions, Earnings Disclaimer. After you've familiarized yourself with how everything works, just click on Join Now or Register When you get to the sign-up page, make sure you see my info in your User Account Details area, so you don't end up under some random person. If my info is not there, just clear your cookies and try again. This is the info you should see: Sponsor: 51579 – workwithpaula If you need help with the sign-up process, feel free to contact me on Facebook Your comment will be posted after it is approved.
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Digital Copywriter & Strategist | InfluencerVisit My Brand PartnersArchives
July 2024


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Prior to and during the Olympic Games, vehicle access will be restricted in Paris, so orders may take longer than usual to process.
DISCOVER the BESTSELLING GRAPHIC MEMOIR behind the Olivier Award nominated musical.
'A sapphic graphic treat' The Times
A moving and darkly humorous family tale, pitch-perfectly illustrated with Alison Bechdel's gothic drawings. If you liked Marjane Satrapi's Persepolis you'll love this.
Meet Alison's father, a historic preservation expert and obsessive restorer of the family's Victorian home, a third-generation funeral home director, a high-school English teacher, an icily distant parent, and a closeted homosexual who, as it turns out, is involved with his male students and the family babysitter. When Alison comes out as homosexual herself in late adolescence, the denouement is swift, graphic, and redemptive.
Interweaving between childhood memories, college life and present day, and through narrative that is equally heartbreaking and fiercely funny, Alison looks back on her complex relationship with her father and finds they had more in common than she ever knew.
'A groundbreaking masterpiece' The Independent
'A finely woven blend of yearning and euphoric fantasy' Evening Standard
**ONE OF THE GUARDIAN'S 100 BEST BOOKS OF THE 21st CENTURY**


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Preventing loneliness and social isolation in older people (IRISS Insights, No 25)
Prevention has been identified as a key aspect of Scottish public service reform. In response to the findings of the Christie Commission (2011), the Scottish Government has called for a 'decisive shift towards prevention'.
This Insight looks specifically at the prevention of isolation and loneliness amongst older people, with a particular focus on what practitioners in the fields of health and social care should bear in mind when working to tackle this important and growing issue.


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Roe v. Wade Celebration in Louisville, KY is happening Saturday, January 25th!
After Tiller is showing in Louisville, KY, too between January 24th and 26th! Click on the links for details! In honor of Roe v. Wade, tell us about a time this reproductive freedom has mattered to you? Tomorrow, KHJN will be presenting the right not to parent tenet of reproductive justice at a Medicaid Expansion education training in Berea, KY at the public library, 6 pm! Why? The answer is much deeper than one can blog about. On the short side, it ain't covered by Medicaid, so it ain't talked about. So, that's where we are stepping in, gratefully, to Kentucky Voices for Health for lending us a platform. What's important about an opportunity to talk in a mainstream circle about ending an unintended pregnancy is that we can undo the abortion stigma with evidence. For instance, this graphic shows that 1 in 3 women will have an abortion. Cultural stigma found on blogs, statuses, and websites dedicated to restricting abortion tells us that some people will be thinking that NO ONE will need this information because women in KY don't get abortions. It simply isn't true. According to the Guttmacher Institute, 4,430 women obtained abortions in KY in 2008. With the rise of Medicaid expansion, women/people need to be clear about this fact: Medicaid will not pay for it except life endangerment, rape, or incest apply. Who will? If you are on Medicaid or planning to enroll, the likelihood of you having the financial means to afford an abortion, which ranges from $500-$1200, usually on short notice, is pretty slim. And this is why Kentucky Support Network exists -- to lift the social, economic, and geographic barriers low-income individuals face when choosing to end a pregnancy. KSN will refer information on adoption or pregnancy, too, but, since we are talking about Medicaid and abortion services, it needs to be said with no apologies. Meanwhile, I made some kick-ass handouts to give away at the presentation and when we stop at Eastern Kentucky University's campus to hopefully recruit some volunteer educators and base supporters! If you are down with reproductive justice, support our work to give RJ workshops, hangouts, and support policies that uphold the reproductive justice framework.
AuthorFriends of KHJN. Archives
June 2023


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Study Links Drinking Pattern to Alcohol's Effect on Heart Health
For the first time, new research shows that patterns of alcohol consumption – a drink or two every night, or several cocktails on Friday and Saturday nights only – may be more important in determining alcohol's influence on heart health than the total amount consumed.
In the journal Atherosclerosis, scientists found that daily moderate drinking – the equivalent of two drinks per day, seven days a week – decreased atherosclerosis in mice, while binge drinking – the equivalent of seven drinks a day, two days a week – increased development of the disease. Atherosclerosis, or the hardening and narrowing of arteries, is a serious condition that can lead to a heart attack or stroke.
While population studies support an association between alcohol and cardiovascular disease, they've relied on self-reported data, which is not always accurate or reliable. According to study authors, this is the first study to provide concrete evidence linking drinking patterns to the development of vascular disease, and the nearly 15 percent of Americans who binge drink – as estimated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – should take note.
"People need to consider not only how much alcohol they drink, but the way in which they are drinking it," said lead study author John Cullen, Ph.D., research associate professor in the Department of Surgery at the University of Rochester Medical Center. "Research shows that people have yet to be convinced of the dangers of binge drinking to their health; we're hoping our work changes that."
Scientists don't yet understand how moderate alcohol consumption benefits cardiovascular health or how heavy drinking episodes hurt it.
The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism defines binge or "at-risk" drinking as consuming more than four drinks on any day for men, and more than three drinks on any day for women. Understanding how much alcohol is in a "standard" drink is also critical, something the institute is promoting through its new "Rethinking Drinking" campaign.
Health care professionals also need to be aware that drinking style matters and should address the issue when discussing alcohol consumption with patients, especially those who are at higher risk of atherosclerosis or who have suffered a heart attack in the past, added Cullen.
"This evidence is very interesting because it supports a pattern of drinking that is emerging in clinical studies as both safe and seemingly most protective against heart disease – frequent consumption of limited amounts of alcohol. This certainly backs up widespread clinical guidelines that limit drinking to one drink daily for non-pregnant women and two drinks daily for men," said Kenneth Mukamal, M.D., M.P.H., Associate Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School who studies the role of dietary and lifestyle factors, particularly alcohol consumption, on the incidence of cardiovascular and neurovascular disease.
In the study, mice in the "daily-moderate" group were fed ethanol equivalent to two drinks every day of the week, mice in the "weekend-binge" group were fed approximately seven drinks on two days of the week and mice in the control group were fed a non-alcoholic cornstarch mix. All mice were put on an atherogenic diet, which Cullen equates to a high-fat Western diet – think fried food every day – to encourage the development of atherosclerosis, which forms when fatty deposits or plaque collect on the inner walls of the arteries, causing them to narrow.
Levels of LDL or "bad" cholesterol plummeted 40 percent in the daily-moderate drinking mice, but rose 20 percent in the weekend-binge drinking mice, compared to the no-alcohol controls. High levels of bad cholesterol increase the risk of heart disease, and past studies show that every 10 percent increase in LDL results in a 20 percent increase in atherosclerosis risk.
Surprisingly, levels of HDL or "good" cholesterol went up in both the moderate and binge drinking groups, which Cullen speculates is an acute or short-term effect.
The volume of plaque, as well as the accumulation of immune cells that promote inflammation and consequently contribute to the narrowing of arteries, decreased in the moderate mice compared to no-alcohol mice. The opposite occured in the binge-drinking mice: Plaque volume and the number of inflammatory immune cells grew.
Another unexpected yet noteworthy finding was that the binge drinking mice gained significantly more weight than the moderate and control mice. Though all mice started at approximately the same weight and consumed similar amounts of food over the course of the study, the binge mice gained more than three times as much weight as the moderate mice and about twice as much weight as the control mice.
Building on this study, Cullen is investigating genes that are turned on or off following moderate and binge drinking episodes to determine if they influence outcomes.
The research was supported in part by the Founders Affiliate of the American Heart Association, which supports research exploring new ideas to combat cardiovascular disease. Founders Affiliate research committee chair Lucy Liaw, Ph.D. said these first-time findings could have far-reaching public health implications. "The discoveries of Dr. Cullen's group show that binge drinkers may have increased risk of developing atherosclerosis and experiencing weight gain. Because obesity is also a risk factor for disease, binge drinking may have a strong negative impact on cardiovascular health," said Liaw, who is also a member of the AHA national research committee.
The study was also funded by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism at the National Institutes of Health. In addition to Cullen, Weimin Liu, M.D., Ph.D., Eileen Redmond, Ph.D. and David Morrow, Ph.D. from the Medical Center contributed to the research.


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Paved with well intended definitions it is. |
lazySet/putOrdered (or an ordered store) was added as a bit of a rushed/non-commital afterthought after the JMM was done, so it's description is subject to many debates on the mailing lists, stack overflow and watercoolers the world over. This post merely tries to provide a clear definition with references to relevant/reputable sources.
An ordered store is a weakened volatile store[2][5]. It prevents preceding stores and loads from being reordered with the store[1][3][6], but does not prevent subsequent stores and loads from being reordered with it[2][4].
If there was a JMM cookbook entry for ordered store defining it with barriers in mind it would seem that the consensus is that ordered stores are preceded by a StoreStore AND a LoadStore barrier[4][6].
Ordered store is practically the same as a C++ memory_release_store[5][7].
References: [1] Original bug:
"lazySet provides a preceding store-store barrier (which is either a no-op or very cheap on current platforms), but no store-load barrier"
See here: http://bugs.java.com/bugdatabase/view_bug.do?bug_id=6275329
[2] java.util.concurrent docs:
"lazySet has the memory effects of writing (assigning) a volatile variable except that it permits reorderings with subsequent (but not previous) memory actions that do not themselves impose reordering constraints with ordinary non-volatile writes."
See here: https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/?java/util/concurrent/package-summary.html
[3] JMM cookbook: Defining barriers meaning here: http://g.oswego.edu/dl/jmm/cookbook.html
[4] concurrency-interest Q&A with Doug Lea, October 2011:
"[Ruslan]:... If it happens (== we see spin-wait loop finished) -- does it mean,that all writes preceding lazySet are also done, committed, and visible to thread 2, which finished spin-wait loop?
[Doug]: Yes, although technically, you cannot show this by reference to the Synchronization Order in the current JLS.
lazySet basically has the properties of a TSO store"
See here: http://cs.oswego.edu/pipermail/concurrency-interest/2011-October/008296.html
The discussion is REALLY worth reading, involving Hans, Doug, Vitaly, Ruslan and other such respectable members of this excellent mailing list. Go on, I'll wait.
The discussion on that thread concludes the following is required:
LoadStore + StoreStore
st [Y],X // store X into memory address Y
Outcome: Stores before and after are now prevented from floating across the barrier. Loads before the barrier are also prevented from floating down. Later loads are free to float up. Note that st may in theory be delayed indefinitely, certainly other loads and stores are allowed to float up between it and the barrier.
[5] concurrency-interest Q&A with Aleksey Shipilev, May 2016:
"putOrdered is a release in disguise, most of the C++11 std::atomic(...,
mem_order_release) reasoning applies here."
"acquire/release are the relaxations from the usual volatile
rules -- while producing happens-before-s, they drop from total
synchronization order, thus breaking sequential consistency."
And adds some fine examples:
"Safe publication still works:
int x; volatile int y;
put(x, 1); | r1 = get{Acquire|Volatile}(y);
put{Release|Volatile}(y, 2); | r2 = get(x);
(r1, r2) = (2, 0) is forbidden.
But anything trickier that requires sequential consistency fails. IRIW
fails, because no consistent write order observed by all threads. Dekker
fails, because release stores followed by loads may or may not be
visible in program order:
volatile int x; volatile int y;
putRelease(x, 1); | putRelease(y, 1);
r1 = getAcquire(y); | r2 = getAcquire(x);
(r1, r2) = (0, 0) is allowed. Forbidden if all ops are volatile.
Safe construction still does not work (even for volatiles!):
A global;
A a = <alloc>; | A a = global;
put{Release|Volatile}(a.x, 1); | r1 = get{Acquire|Volatile}(a.x);
global = a; |
(r1) = (0) is allowed."
See here: http://cs.oswego.edu/pipermail/concurrency-interest/2016-May/015104.html
[6] concurrency-interest Q&A with Aleksey Shipilev, March 2016:
"> int a, b;
> boolean tryLock() {
> UNSAFE.putOrdered(a, 1); // Declare intent.
> // No StoreLoad here as store is not volatile.
> if (UNSAFE.getVolatile(b) == 1)) {
> // Reset intent and return false;
> }
> return true;
> }
Even in the naive barrier interpretation that usually gives stronger
answers, you have:
a = 1;
r1 = b;
See here: http://cs.oswego.edu/pipermail/concurrency-interest/2016-March/015037.html
[7] C++ memory_order_release definition:
"A store operation with this memory order performs the release operation: no reads or writes in the current thread can be reordered after this store. All writes in the current thread are visible in other threads that acquire the same atomic variable (see Release-Acquire ordering below) and writes that carry a dependency into the atomic variable become visible in other threads that consume the same atomic (see Release-Consume ordering below)."
See here: http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/atomic/memory_order
Many thanks to A. Shipilev, M. Thompson, D. Lawrie and C. Ruslan for reviewing, any remaining errors are their own and they shall be most severely reprimanded for them.


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Chromatics mixes in a 1:1 ratio with 10, 20 or 30 Volume Oil-in-Cream Developers for up to 3 levels of lift and up to 100% coverage of gray hair. Can then be applied with a bowl and brush using a Traditional or Modern Virgin Application.
Apply color generously using fine 1/4" diagonal partings. Cross-check application. Process at room temperature. Shampoo with Hair Cleansing Cream.
The developer bottle features a flip top cap. Prior to opening, the bottle should be stored upright. A stand is provided to store developer upside down while in use for easy dispensing.
NOTE: No other developer may be substituted for Chromatics Oil in Cream Developer. To do so would cause unpredictable results.


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Holiday Hummingbirds Latte Mug, 12oz
Holiday Hummingbirds Latte Mug, 12oz
- One size: 12oz (0.35 l)
- Material: durable white ceramic
- Easy-grip C-shaped handle
- Scratch-resistant finish
- Imported from Canada, please allow 2 wks for processing and delivery
- Makes a great Shower, Hostess, or Best Friend Gift!
- Unique Collectible
- Please note* All print-on-demand products ship directly from the manufacturer and cannot be canceled, exchanged or refunded.
Shipping is included for Original Art shipping to the continental USA. International shipping is determined at checkout. Your painting will be fully insured including the frame. Please allow two weeks for shipping on Fine Artworks as they require special handling. A Certificate of Authenticity will arrive separately with Bill of Sale shortly after the painting has shipped.
Original Fine Artwork Sales are Final. Please contact us with any questions prior to purchasing. Roxy is typically prompt to return communication and happy to discuss any details or send additional photos or information.
Vibrant, Moving Colors and Bold Brushstrokes


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As Americans prepared to celebrate the July 4 weekend, American troops packed up, turned off the electricity and quietly vacated the biggest air base in Afghanistan. This was overnight, last Thursday. U.S. Central Command announced today that the military withdrawal from Afghanistan is now more than 90% complete. Meanwhile, ever since the U.S. announced that withdrawal, the Taliban has been taking district after district in northeastern Afghanistan, often without a fight.
Well, we're joined now by Ryan Crocker. He was U.S. ambassador to Afghanistan. He spent decades as a diplomat in the Middle East and Asia.
Ambassador, welcome back.
RYAN CROCKER: Thank you for having me.
KELLY: So there's a lot to start through here, but let's - to sort through here - but let's start with the closure of Bagram and the airbase there. There are conflicting accounts of who may have told who what and when as the U.S. hit the exits. But how does this happen? The U.S. has had 20 years to plan its departure from Afghanistan, and this ends with Bagram being ransacked?
CROCKER: I'm not sure how much ransacking was done. I did see some video clips of Afghan national security forces on the facility and seemingly in charge.
KELLY: Yeah. We saw video of people going through deserted tents and supply hangers - that type thing. But go on.
CROCKER: Well, that I would not consider a major signal one way or the other. We have other air facilities around the country. So, clearly, with the decision to hand over Bagram earlier than expected, in the view of the commanders on the ground, isn't going to affect the rest of the redeployment schedule. But...
KELLY: So this doesn't don't worry you that this - I mean, it clearly could've gone more smoothly.
CROCKER: Well, look. I think it is an amazing logistical achievement that it has gone as smoothly as it has when you're moving that number of people and equipment in a very short time frame. So I don't really see this as a hugely important change of the withdrawal procedures. But, that said, it's - Bagram is a symbol.
KELLY: Yeah.
CROCKER: That's where I landed in January 2002, when I reopened the embassy because Kabul was closed down. So it is a powerful symbol that we are not there anymore.
KELLY: You mentioned the embassy, so let me ask you about that. As the guy who used to run it, how confident are you that it will be secure, that the people who work there will be safe, after U.S. troops finish pulling out?
CROCKER: It's been announced, of course, by the administration that a significant U.S. force - in the hundreds - will remain to secure the embassy, so I don't see the likelihood of anything dire happening, at least in the short term. The real question is will they be able to do business? And doing diplomatic business means getting out beyond your own wire to meet with people, talk to them, see them. That's crucial.
And here, I'm afraid, we've backed ourselves into a corner through the Benghazi Committee hearings to make any loss of diplomatic life literally a criminal offense. And I'm afraid we may be looking at a lockdown, in which you've got the people there, but they're not able to do their work.
KELLY: You're referring to the attack on the embassy in Benghazi, Libya, and the death and security challenges, to put it mildly, there.
In Afghanistan, you have seen the same reporting I have - U.S. intelligence estimates saying the Afghan government could fall in as soon as six months to two years after U.S. troops are fully out. If that happens, what responsibility does the U.S. bear?
CROCKER: I think it will bear a huge responsibility. I'm not sure that it's likely the government will fall in six months. But, right now, it's the Taliban who has agency here. We gave ours up. We decided we were tired, and we were going home. So it's up to them whether they're going to pursue an all-out offensive or whether they'll take a more moderate tack, but leaving it up to the Taliban is not a good place to be right now.
KELLY: We do have just a few seconds left, but you see a possibility that that doesn't happen at all, that the government could hold?
CROCKER: I think that it's entirely possible that the government can hold if the Taliban decides not to pursue an all-out offensive. And that's what I meant here - that it isn't the government that's going to be making that decision. It isn't us. It's the Taliban. We are going to have to wait and see what they do.
KELLY: It's an interesting place to be, waiting on the decision-making from the Taliban.
That is Ryan Crocker, former U.S. ambassador to Afghanistan.
Ambassador, good to speak with you, as always.
CROCKER: Thank you for your interest. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.
NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by an NPR contractor. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR's programming is the audio record.


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Lotus Cars Middle East (the distributor for Lotus cars in the Middle East) is partnering with Trading Enterprises (part of the Al-Futtaim Group) to open the new showroom in Dubai called Lotus Dubai.
It is the latest showroom in the Lotus Cars Middle East portfolio, the first Lotus showroom in Dubai, and commences an exciting and ambitious plan to strengthen the Lotus brand across the region by developing its operation in both existing and new markets over the next 24 months.
Lotus Dubai was officially opened today by Mr Aslam Farikullah, Chief Operating Officer for Group Lotus plc, and Mr Len Hunt President – Automotive, Al-Futtaim Group at a ceremony including key media and senior management from the respective businesses.
Showcasing the stunning Lotus Evora and its supercharged sibling the Evora S, The 425m2 showroom is a state-of-the-art customer focused facility decorated in Lotus' signature monochrome scheme with bright yellow accents. It is completed with a Lotus Originals boutique and vehicle specification area.
Demand for Lotus sports cars in Dubai and throughout the UAE is such that the team at Lotus Dubai anticipate a strong start to trading with the award winning Lotus Evora and Lotus Evora S being joined by the Lotus Exige S in 2014.
The Lotus Dubai service centre facility, located close to the Lotus showroom will cater for all aftersales needs, with customers provided with a convenient drop-off / pick-up service directly from the showroom in Dubai Festival City.
Aslam Farikullah said, "The UAE is an important and strategic market with great potential for Lotus. With Lotus Cars Middle East and Trading Enterprises, we will introduce customers in Dubai and the UAE to the world of Lotus, one of high performance, award winning cars with world-class ride and handling, and to our brand which is synonymous with motorsport and Formula 1®- both historically and today."
Len Hunt, also commented, "Al-Futtaim has built strength and credibility in delivering great customer experience through its well established automotive operations in the UAE. We are confident, excited and proud to exclusively introduce the globally recognised brand of Lotus to this market. Representing Lotus and its products which are also centred on style, passion and performance, offers another dimension to the range of vehicles currently presented in the Al-Futtaim portfolio. We are looking forward to a long and successful partnership."
Jonathan Stretton, Lotus Cars Middle East FZ-LLC General Manager also said, "Partnering with Al-Futtaim is a very positive and important step forward for Lotus Cars Middle East and demonstrates our commitment to building the Lotus brand and product presence in the region. We know that new customers will appreciate Lotus' core values of innovation, exceptional ride & handling, performance through lightweight and, above all, being great fun to drive."


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The e-book versions of The Darkening Dream will be on sale for only 99 cents this week until Friday June 7th! Take the plunge, it's certainly a great deal.
Buy it on Amazon!
Tweet, share, like, follow, blog and grab a copy of my book.
Also, on the publishing front, The Audiobook versions for both my novels are in production and am finished with the fourth draft of the Untimed screenplay!
About The Darkening Dream
As the Nineteenth Century gives way to the Twentieth, modern science and steel girders leave little room for the supernatural. But in dark corners the old forces still gather. God, demon, and sorcerer alike plot to regain what was theirs in Andy Gavin's chilling debut, The Darkening Dream.
1913, Salem, Massachusetts – Sarah Engelmann's life is full of friends, books, and avoiding the pressure to choose a husband, until an ominous vision and the haunting call of an otherworldly trumpet shake her. When she stumbles across a gruesome corpse, she fears that her vision was more of a premonition. And when she sees the murdered boy moving through the crowd at an amusement park, Sarah is thrust into a dark battle she does not understand.
With the help of Alex, a Greek immigrant who knows a startling amount about the undead, Sarah sets out to uncover the truth. Their quest takes them to Salem's brutal factory workrooms, on a clandestine maritime mission, and down into their foe's nightmarish crypt. But they aren't prepared for the terrifying backlash that brings the fight back to their own homes and families. Can Alex's elderly, vampire-hunting grandfather and Sarah's own rabbi father help protect them? And what do Sarah's darkening visions reveal?
No less than the Archangel Gabriel's Horn, destined to announce the End of Days, is at stake, and the forces banded to recover it include a 900 year-old vampire, a trio of disgruntled Egyptian gods, and a demon-loving Puritan minister. At the center of this swirling conflict is Sarah, who must fight a millennia-old battle against unspeakable forces, knowing the ultimate prize might be herself.


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TECHSPEC® Nd:YAG Laser Line Mirrors combine high reflectivity, excellent surface quality, and precision surface flatness to meet the requirements of demanding Nd:YAG laser applications. Each coating design has been tested to ensure a high laser damage threshold for compatibility with pulsed laser systems. These fused silica substrate laser mirrors have excellent thermal stability and are available in round, square, and rectangular profiles. TECHSPEC® Nd:YAG Laser Line Mirrors are ideal for laboratories and integration into larger laser systems. 266nm, 355nm, 532nm, 1064nm, and multi-line Nd:YAG mirror coatings are available.
Note: Contact us for customizable wavelengths, sizes, and varying AOI versions.


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Smart contract platform that can evolve and in theory will never need any hard forks.
A list of related initial coin offerings (ICOs). The following list contains the top latest ICOs and new token crowdsales for crypto investors, as well as this list provides a glimpse overview to indicate which ICO is a suitable/worthwhile for an investment.


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The original Aaron Ross Keyboard grip was one of Odyssey's best selling items to date, and it remains a highly requested product.
With that in mind, Odyssey introduces a new take on the concept with the Keyboard v2 grip. The grip's unique dual shot injection process allows to offer a grip with an extra soft and thin feel in your hand, but with a harder secondary inner layer to help resist tearing.
Its 165mm length holds on nicely to the keyboard concept. Includes Odyssey Par Ends. Plus, it comes with emojis* hand-picked by Aaron!
- Aaron Ross signature
- Keyboard pattern matches the Keyboard v2 Seat
- Dual compound for comfort and durability
- Par Ends included
- 165mm length
This product is resistant to stains and discoloration and is machine washable.
- Use of a lingerie bag is recommended
- Wash in cold water
- Use mild soap or detergent
- Do not use fabric softener
- Air dry or tumble dry, absolutely no heat to maintain softness


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From Alaska all the way to Maine, an increasing number of people are choosing to experience all that THCa products can offer. Given this growth in popularity, there has also been a surge in the amount of items hitting the shelves of local stores as well as the online retail marketplace. If you're one of the many individuals interested in purchasing THCa Vape Carts, THCa Disposables, and related products, it is in your best interest to seek out a dependable and trustworthy online store that is committed to offering customers a top-tier shopping experience from the initial website search through to checkout and shipping.
It is in this area and many others that the team at Simple Garden shines. We have quickly become the best option for where to buy THCa Vapes near Spring Valley, Nevada, due to our consistent ability to supply premium-quality products at competitive costs. We also have timely and dependable shipping nationwide. When you choose to purchase THCa products from Simple Garden's online store, you'll be treated to unmatched customer service that will have you joining the ranks of our many repeat customers.
Shop Online for Spring Valley THCa Carts
We've recently refreshed our website to make it easier and more pleasing to use than ever before. As you navigate through, you'll see that we have an enviable inventory of Spring Valley THCa Carts for sale along with a variety of other exceptional products. Simple Garden is thrilled to offer a great selection of THCa Diamond Liquid Gold Premium Vape Cartridges. Our industry leading strains include Acapulco Gold (Sativa), Tropicana Cookies (Sativa), Granddaddy Purple (Indica), King Louis XIII (Indica), Cadillac Rainbow (Hybrid), Glitter Bomb (Hybrid), Lemon Cherry Gelato (Hybrid), and The Don Mega (Hybrid).
All of these Vape Carts are made using top quality, hemp-derived THCa and deliver a potent and satisfying hit with each puff you take. The THCa oil is housed within a premium CCELL® cartridge for a routinely smooth draw and effective vapor production. Please keep in mind that each THCa Vape Cartridge must be used with a 510-thread vape battery. You'll find a wide variety of dependable Vape Batteries on our site from industry leaders like Hamilton Devices® and CCELL®. We're also pleased to announce that we are in the process of adding a fantastic line of 2ml THCa Disposable Vapes near Spring Valley to our website as well.
How to Purchase a THCa Vape near Spring Valley
As a means of helping to make sure that we remain the top online store for THCa Vape Carts and Disposables, our wonderful staff has worked tirelessly to make the entire shopping process quick and simple. When you go to order an Spring Valley THCa Vape from our site, we're confident that you'll be able to pinpoint the items you desire and go through the streamlined checkout process in almost no time at all. With Simple Garden, you also get peace of mind that we package orders securely and get them shipped out to our valued customers as swiftly as we can. Orders are shipped in a discrete manner using USPS Priority Mail.
Recognizing that product quality can differ from vendor to vendor, Simple Garden has always been committed to producing and selling items that are made in the USA and meet our extremely high standards. We believe that our customers deserve the absolute best products on the market, and send all products, including THCa Vape Carts, to reputable independent labs for careful assessment of ingredient purity and potency. Once we receive the lab reports from these evaluators, we add them directly to the site for open viewing. It is important to us that you, and all of our other customers, are completely comfortable and confident when buying products from our online store. Being transparent with product information is a critical part of this.
Shop for Industry-Leading Spring Valley THCa Vape Carts and Disposables Today
We take great pride in our THCa Vapes near Spring Valley, Nevada, and hope that you'll decide to give them a try. Please know that our friendly and knowledgeable team is ready and able to go over your particular product questions and recommend items when desired. For assistance by phone, please give us a call at (866) 905-6097. If you'd prefer, you can also get in touch with us using the website contact form. Whether you've used THCa in the past or not, we encourage you to begin slowly and with a low dose to see how your body reacts to these Carts and Disposables. We also strongly recommend that you speak with your doctor prior to using any THCa products.
The statements made regarding these products have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. The efficacy of these products has not been confirmed by FDA-approved research. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. All information presented here is not meant as a substitute for or alternative to information from health care practitioners. Please consult your health care professional about potential interactions or other possible complications before using any product. The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act required this notice.
THC Disclaimer All products shown contain <= 0.3% Delta 9 THC.


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This strategy describes when to use strategic drenches and how to decide when tactical/therapeutic drenches are needed.
For those who like to see all the information and simply read through it in order. Each heading is a link to a page of information—the dot point provides a summary of the page.
Tip: Keep this page open and open the links in new tabs.
Qld central and south and NSW northwest: When to test and when to drench
The times for routine worm testing and drenching in this region. Not all testing or drenching is routine; other times to do these are recommended by the Drench Decision Guide, according to details you provide about your mob of goats.
Qld central and south and NSW northwest: Drench Decision Guide
This tool recommends whether a mob should be drenched, the length of protection warranted and when to worm test again. It is your day-to-day tool on drenching decisions that should be used in conjunction with the annual program of routine testing and drenching times.
The DDG tool steers you through a series of questions about your goats; choose the answer that applies to your mob (or make up your own scenario).
For those who prefer a problem based approach to learning, answer the following questions.
Each of the questions below links further down the page to the answers.
You can also click on each question below to go to WormBoss pages with related information.
1. What is the purpose of a strategic drench?
Strategic drench: a drench given at a critical time to goats that are susceptible to worm infection (e.g. weaners and pre-kidding does), and also given at times to reduce worm larval contamination of a pasture that will be grazed by the drenched goats over the following weeks or months. The goats themselves may have had a low worm egg count at the time of this pre-emptive treatment.
2. Which classes of goats receive a routine (strategic) drench, and when?
In this region there are two situations where goats should be drenched without a prior WormTest, these are:
In both cases use a drench known to be effective on your property. Preferably use a short-acting treatment, and where possible, use a multi-active combination. After these drenches, move the goats into prepared low worm-risk paddocks.
3. The online Drench Decision Guide (DDG) for Qld central, south and NSW northwest assists you to decide whether a herd of goats should be drenched now and when to test again. Open the DDG and answer the questions it offers based on the scenario (from below) that you are using.
Links to the learning topics for Qld central and south and NSW northwest


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And lead us not into temptation
Matthew 6:13
I am an outlet for the Mind of God. This Eternal Spirit is always thinking rightly through me, and I rejoice in its perfect action in my consciousness. I am never tempted to think evil, for God is in me as my defense and my deliverance. Knowing that Spirit is the cause of my being, I cannot be lead into temptation. I am strong in the Lord and the power of His right thinking. To every negative that appears in my thought, I am inviolate. Nothing but God and His perfect Ideas have power in me, nor can act through me.
I stand firmly for the Truth. I believe that this is God's universe, and I am willing that God should run His universe. I cease my human opinions and human judgments. I let God act through me. I let His Mind make every decision. I let Divine Love handle all my personal relationships. I relax and let Infinite Truth reveal Itself in my life and affairs. I have faith that the Holy Spirit of right action is now in full dominion in my consciousness.
I am not led into temptation to believe that a power opposes me. I know that Mind alone is power, and all of Mind is for me. I decide whether my world shall be heaven or hell. My thinking and feeling alone determine my experience. Therefore, never again will I be tempted to blame outer circumstances and other people for my own wrong thinking. I think rightly always.
I am permanently established in right thinking, and I cannot be moved. I leave the old patterns of thought, and I now think God's Ideas with Him. My life is rich in love, and all my ways are peace, for I am an expression of a Mind that never wavers.
Taken from " 365 Days of Richer Living" by Ernest Holmes and Raymond Charles Barker


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Welcome to Day THREE of our May Krafty Peeks
at Kraftin' Kimmie Stamps!...
at Kraftin' Kimmie Stamps!...
What's springtime like down on the farm?? Lots of FUN according to these kiddos and animals! Here are TWO new sets from artist Cheryl Grant!
First is COW'S IT GOING!!! Secret Krafty Klub members will recognize this set as they received it in their mailbox back in March! And it will be available to everyone on Saturday!
It features a large main image, an extra little puppy pal and four fun sentiments!
It features a large main image, an extra little puppy pal and four fun sentiments!
The second set is JUST CHICKEN IN!!! How sweet are these??? There's a main image featuring Lexi feeding her chicks (with a lending paw from her kitten), and two additional animal images with a mother hen and a gorgeous pony! And there's four coordinating sentiments!
Here is my card using the adorable, Just Chicken In stamp set.
Colored using Copic Markers
Pattern Paper: Doodlebug Design
Pebbles Chalk
American Crafts Twine
MFT solid cardstock
You will see both of today's sets in action as you hop around the Krafty blogs! You'll see the list of Krafty design team members and Krafty Guests below and be sure to leave some love at each stop because one lucky commenter is going to WIN a gift voucher to the krafty shop!
ALL SIX of the new May clear stamp sets will be released on Saturday afternoon! Be sure to join us at the LIVE Online Release Party beginning at 2pm EST! Come join us to help celebrate the new release, check out lots of krafty kreations, have a chance to win some prizes and hang out with all our krafty friends! Hope to see you there!


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Vin Scully, Dodgers broadcaster for 67 years, dies at 94
Hall of Fame broadcaster Vin Scully, whose dulcet tones provided the soundtrack of summer while entertaining and informing Dodgers fans in Brooklyn and Los Angeles for 67 years, died Tuesday night. He was 94.
Scully died at his home in the Hidden Hills neighborhood of Los Angeles, according to the team after being informed by family members. No cause of death was provided.
"He was the best there ever was," pitcher Clayton Kershaw said after the Dodgers game in San Francisco. "Just such a special man. I'm grateful and thankful I got to know him as well as I did."
As the longest tenured broadcaster with a single team in pro sports history, Scully saw it all and called it all. He began in the 1950s era of Pee Wee Reese and Jackie Robinson, on to the 1960s with Don Drysdale and Sandy Koufax, into the 1970s with Steve Garvey and Don Sutton, and through the 1980s with Orel Hershiser and Fernando Valenzuela. In the 1990s, it was Mike Piazza and Hideo Nomo, followed by Kershaw, Manny Ramirez and Yasiel Puig in the 21st century.
"You gave me my Wild Horse name. You gave me love. You hugged me like a father," tweeted Puig, the talented Cuban-born outfielder who burned brightly upon his Dodgers debut in 2013. "I will never forget you, my heart is broken."
The Dodgers changed players, managers, executives, owners — and even coasts — but Scully and his soothing, insightful style remained a constant for the fans.
He opened broadcasts with the familiar greeting, "Hi, everybody, and a very pleasant good evening to you wherever you may be."
Ever gracious both in person and on the air, Scully considered himself merely a conduit between the game and the fans.
After the Dodgers' 9-5 win, the Giants posted a Scully tribute on the videoboard.
"There's not a better storyteller and I think everyone considers him family," Dodgers manager Dave Roberts said. "He was in our living rooms for many generations. He lived a fantastic life, a legacy that will live on forever."
Although he was paid by the Dodgers, Scully was unafraid to criticize a bad play or a manager's decision, or praise an opponent while spinning stories against a backdrop of routine plays and noteworthy achievements. He always said he wanted to see things with his eyes, not his heart.
"We have lost an icon," team president and CEO Stan Kasten said. "His voice will always be heard and etched in all of our minds forever."
Vincent Edward Scully was born Nov. 29, 1927, in the Bronx. He was the son of a silk salesman who died of pneumonia when Scully was 7. His mother moved the family to Brooklyn, where the red-haired, blue-eyed Scully grew up playing stickball in the streets.
As a child, Scully would grab a pillow, put it under the family's four-legged radio and lay his head directly under the speaker to hear whatever college football game was on the air. With a snack of saltine crackers and a glass of milk nearby, the boy was transfixed by the crowd's roar that raised goosebumps. He thought he'd like to call the action himself.
Scully, who played outfield for two years on the Fordham University baseball team, began his career by working baseball, football and basketball games for the university's radio station.
At age 22, he was hired by a CBS radio affiliate in Washington, D.C.
He soon joined Hall of Famer Red Barber and Connie Desmond in the Brooklyn Dodgers' radio and television booths. In 1953, at age 25, Scully became the youngest person to broadcast a World Series game, a mark that still stands.
He moved west with the Dodgers in 1958. Scully called three perfect games — Don Larsen in the 1956 World Series, Sandy Koufax in 1965 and Dennis Martinez in 1991 — and 18 no-hitters.
He also was on the air when Don Drysdale set his scoreless innings streak of 58 2/3 innings in 1968 and again when Hershiser broke the record with 59 consecutive scoreless innings 20 years later.
When Hank Aaron hit his 715th home run to break Babe Ruth's record in 1974, it was against the Dodgers and, of course, Scully called it.
"A Black man is getting a standing ovation in the Deep South for breaking a record of an all-time baseball idol," Scully told listeners. "What a marvelous moment for baseball."
Scully credited the birth of the transistor radio as "the greatest single break" of his career. Fans had trouble recognizing the lesser players during the Dodgers' first four years in the vast Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum.
"They were 70 or so odd rows away from the action," he said in 2016. "They brought the radio to find out about all the other players and to see what they were trying to see down on the field."
That habit carried over when the team moved to Dodger Stadium in 1962. Fans held radios to their ears, and those not present listened from home or the car, allowing Scully to connect generations of families with his words.
He often said it was best to describe a big play quickly and then be quiet so fans could listen to the pandemonium. After Koufax's perfect game in 1965, Scully went silent for 38 seconds before talking again. He was similarly silent for a time after Kirk Gibson's pinch-hit home run to win Game 1 of the 1988 World Series.
He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1982, received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame that year, and also had the stadium's press box named for him in 2001. The street leading to Dodger Stadium's main gate was named in his honor in 2016.
That same year he received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama.
"God has been so good to me to allow me to do what I'm doing," Scully, a devout Catholic who attended mass on Sundays before heading to the ballpark, said before retiring. "A childhood dream that came to pass and then giving me 67 years to enjoy every minute of it. That's a pretty large thanksgiving day for me."
In addition to being the voice of the Dodgers, Scully called play-by-play for NFL games and PGA Tour events as well as calling 25 World Series and 12 All-Star Games. He was NBC's lead baseball announcer from 1983-89.
While being one of the most widely heard broadcasters in the nation, Scully was an intensely private man. Once the baseball season ended, he would disappear. He rarely did personal appearances or sports talk shows. He preferred spending time with his family.
In 1972, his first wife, Joan, died of an accidental overdose of medicine. He was left with three young children. Two years later, he met the woman who would become his second wife, Sandra, a secretary for the NFL's Los Angeles Rams. She had two young children from a previous marriage, and they combined their families into what Scully once called "my own Brady Bunch."
He said he realized time was the most precious thing in the world and that he wanted to use his time to spend with his loved ones. In the early 1960s, Scully quit smoking with the help of his family. In the shirt pocket where he kept a pack of cigarettes, Scully stuck a family photo. Whenever he felt like he needed a smoke, he pulled out the photo to remind him why he quit. Eight months later, Scully never smoked again.
After retiring in 2016, Scully made just a handful of appearances at Dodger Stadium and his sweet voice was heard narrating an occasional video played during games. Mostly, he was content to stay close to home.
"I just want to be remembered as a good man, an honest man, and one who lived up to his own beliefs," he said in 2016.
In 2020, Scully auctioned off years of his personal memorabilia, which raised over $2 million. A portion of it was donated to UCLA for ALS research.
He was preceded in death by his second wife, Sandra. She died of complications of ALS at age 76 in 2021. The couple, who were married 47 years, had daughter Catherine together.
Scully's other children are Kelly, Erin, Todd and Kevin. A son, Michael, died in a helicopter crash in 1994.