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Publius Vergilius Maro (October 15, 70 BC – September 21, 19 BC), known in English as Virgil or Vergil, was a Roman poet, the author of the Eclogues, the Georgics and the Aeneid, the last being an epic poem of twelve books that became the Roman Empire's national epic.
[edit]- Main article: Eclogues
- Parvis componere magna.
- To compare great things with small.
- Book I, line 23 (tr. H. Rushton Fairclough)
- O formose puer, nimium ne crede colori.
- Trust not too much to that enchanting face;
Beauty's a charm, but soon the charm will pass. - Book II, line 17 (tr. John Dryden)
- Trust not too much to that enchanting face;
- Trahit sua quemque voluptas.
- Everyone is dragged on by their favorite pleasure.
- Book II, line 65
- Quae te dementia cepit!
- What madness has seized you?
- Book II, line 69
- Nunc omnis ager, nunc omnis parturit arbor;
Nunc frondent sylvae, nunc formosissimus annus.- Every field, every tree is now budding; now the woods are green, now the year is at its loveliest.
- Book III, lines 56–57 (tr. Fairclough)
- Latet anguis in herba.
- A snake lurks in the grass.
- Book III, line 93
- Magnus ab integro saeclorum nascitur ordo.
- The great line of the centuries begins anew.
- Book IV, line 5 (tr. Fairclough)
- Compare: Novus ordo seclorum ("New order of the ages"), motto on the reverse side of the Great Seal of the United States.
- Incipe, parve puer, risu cognoscere matrem.
- Begin, baby boy, to recognize your mother with a smile.
- Book IV, line 60 (tr. Fairclough)
- Nunc scio quid sit Amor.
- Now I know what Love is.
- Book VIII, line 43 (tr. R. C. Trevelyan)
- Non omnia possumus omnes.
- We cannot all do everything.
- Book VIII, line 63 (tr. Fairclough)
- Carpent tua poma nepotes.
- Your descendants shall gather your fruits.
- Book IX, line 50
- Cantantes licet usque (minus via laedit) eamus.
- Let us go singing as far as we go: the road will be less tedious.
- Book IX, line 64
- Omnia vincit Amor; et nos cedamus Amori.
- Main article: Georgics
- Audacibus annue coeptis.
- Look with favor upon a bold beginning.
- Book I, line 40
- Umida solstitia atque hiemes orate serenas,
agricolae.- O farmers, pray that your summers be wet and your winters clear.
- Book I, lines 100–101
- Ut varias usus meditando extunderet artis
- Labor omnia vicit
improbus et duris urgens in rebus egestas.- Toil conquered the world, unrelenting toil, and want that pinches when life is hard.
- Book I, lines 145–146 (tr. H. Rushton Fairclough).
- Compare: Labor omnia vincit ("Work conquers all"), the state motto of Oklahoma.
- In primis venerare Deos.
- Above all, worship the gods.
- Book I, line 338 (tr. Fairclough)
- Adeo in teneris consuescere multum est.
- So strong is habit in tender years.
- Book II, line 272 (tr. Fairclough)
- Compare: "Just as the twig is bent, the tree's inclined." Alexander Pope, Moral Essays: Epistle I (1734), line 150.
- O fortunatos nimium, sua si bona norint
Agricolas, quibus ipsa, procul discordibus armis,
Fundit humo facilem victum justissima tellus!
- Rura mihi et rigui placeant in vallibus amnes,
Flumina amem sylvasque inglorius.
- Felix qui potuit rerum cognoscere causas.
- Blessed is he who has been able to win knowledge of the causes of things.
- Book II, line 490 (tr. H. Rushton Fairclough); homage to Lucretius.
- John Dryden's translation:
- Happy the man, who, studying nature's laws,
Thro' known effects can trace the secret cause.
- Happy the man, who, studying nature's laws,
- John Dryden's translation:
- Optima quaeque dies miseris mortalibus aevi
Prima fugit; subeunt morbi tristisque senectus
Et labor, et durae rapit inclementia mortis.- In youth alone, unhappy mortals live;
But, ah! the mighty bliss is fugitive:
Discolored sickness, anxious labor, come,
And age, and death's inexorable doom. - Book III, lines 66–68 (tr. John Dryden).
- In youth alone, unhappy mortals live;
- Amor omnibus idem.
- Sed fugit interea, fugit irreparabile tempus.
- But meanwhile it is flying, irretrievable time is flying.
- Book III, line 284; often quoted as tempus fugit ('time flies').
- Compare Poor Richard's maxim of 1748: "Lost Time is never found again."
- Alitur vitium, vivitque tegendo.
- Vice thrives and lives by concealment.
- Book III, line 454
- Si parva licet componere magnis.
- If we may compare small things with great.
- Book IV, line 176 (tr. Fairclough). Cf. Eclogues 1.23.
- Nec morti esse locum.
- There is no place for death.
- Book IV, line 226
- Fata vocant.
- The fates call.
- Book IV, line 496
- Illo Vergilium me tempore dulcis alebat
Parthenope studiis florentem ignobilis oti.- In those days I, Virgil, was nursed of sweet Parthenope, and rejoiced in the arts of inglorious ease.
- Book IV, lines 563–564 (tr. Fairclough)
- Main article: Aeneid
Book I
[edit]- Arma virumque cano.
- I sing of arms and a man.
- Line 1
- Tantaene animis caelestibus irae?
- Can such resentment hold the minds of gods?
- Line 11 (tr. Allen Mandelbaum)
- Tantae molis erat Romanam condere gentem!
- So hard and huge a task it was to found the Roman people.
- Line 33 (tr. Robert Fitzgerald)
- O terque quaterque beati!
- O three and four times blessed!
- Line 95
- Apparent rari nantes in gurgite vasto.
- Here and there are seen swimmers in the vast abyss.
- Line 118 (tr. Fairclough)
- Furor arma ministrat.
- Rage supplies arms.
- Line 150
- O socii—neque enim ignari sumus ante malorum—
O passi graviora, dabit deus his quoque finem.- Friends and companions,
Have we not known hard hours before this?
My men, who have endured still greater dangers,
God will grant us an end to these as well. - Lines 198–199 (tr. Robert Fitzgerald)
- Friends and companions,
- Forsan et haec olim meminisse juvabit.
- Some day, perhaps, remembering even this
Will be a pleasure. - Line 203 (tr. Robert Fitzgerald)
- Some day, perhaps, remembering even this
- Durate, et vosmet rebus servate secundis.
- Data fata secutus.
- Following what is decreed by fate.
- Line 382
- Mirabile dictu.
- Wonderful to tell.
- Line 439
- Sunt hic etiam sua praemia laudi,
Sunt lacrimae rerum et mentem mortalia tangunt.- Even here, merit will have its true reward...
even here, the world is a world of tears
and the burdens of mortality touch the heart. - Lines 461–462 (tr. Robert Fagles)
- Even here, merit will have its true reward...
- Mens sibi conscia recti.
- A mind conscious of its own rectitude.
- Line 604
- Semper honos nomenque tuum laudesque manebunt.
- Your honor, your name, your praise will live forever.
- Line 609 (tr. Fagles); Aeneas to Dido.
- Non ignara mali miseris succurrere disco.
- No stranger to trouble myself I am learning to care for the unhappy.
- Line 630, as translated in The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations (1999); spoken by Dido.
Book II
[edit]- Infandum, regina, jubes renovare dolorem.
- Sorrow too deep to tell, your majesty,
You order me to feel and tell once more. - Line 3 (tr. Robert Fitzgerald); these are the opening words of Aeneas's narrative about the fall of Troy, addressed to Queen Dido of Carthage.
- Sorrow too deep to tell, your majesty,
- Quis talia fando
Temperet a lacrimis?- Who could tell such things and still refrain from tears?
- Lines 6 and 8 (tr. Fagles)
- Equo ne credite, Teucri.
quidquid id est, timeo Danaos et dona ferentes.- Do not trust the horse, Trojans.
Whatever it is, I fear the Greeks even when they bring gifts. - Lines 48–49; Trojan priest of Apollo warning against the wooden horse left by the Greeks.
- Do not trust the horse, Trojans.
- In utrumque paratus.
- Prepared for either alternative.
- Line 61
- Ab uno disce omnes.
- From one learn all.
- Lines 65–66 (tr. Fairclough)
- Horresco referens.
- I shudder as I tell the tale.
- Line 204 (tr. Fairclough)
- Tacitae per amica silentia lunae.
- Amid the friendly silence of the peaceful moon.
- Line 255 (tr. Fairclough)
- Quantum mutatus ab illo.
- How changed from what he once was!
- Line 274
- Arrectis auribus adsto.
- I wait with listening ears.
- Line 303 (tr. Fairclough)
- Venit summa dies et ineluctabile tempus
Dardaniae.- It is come—the last day and inevitable hour for Troy.
- Lines 324–325 (tr. Fairclough)
- Una salus victis nullam sperare salutem.
- The only hope for the doomed is no hope at all.
- Line 354. Variant translation: The only safe course for the defeated is to expect no safety.
- Dis aliter visum.
- The gods thought otherwise.
- Line 428
- Fit via vi.
- Force finds a way.
- Line 494 (tr. Fairclough)
Book III
[edit]- Quid non mortalia pectora cogis,
Auri sacra fames?- To what extremes won't you compel our hearts,
you accursed lust for gold? - Lines 56–57 (tr. Robert Fagles); the murder of Polydorus.
- To what extremes won't you compel our hearts,
- Fama volat.
- Rumor flies.
- Line 121 (tr. Fagles)
- Monstrum horrendum, informe, ingens, cui lumen ademptum.
- An awful misshapen monster, huge, his eyelight lost.
- Line 658 (tr. Mandelbaum); of Polyphemus.
Book IV
[edit]- Degeneres animos timor arguit.
- Fear is the proof of a degenerate mind.
- Line 13
- Agnosco veteris vestigia flammae.
- I feel once more the scars of the old flame.
- Line 23 (tr. C. Day Lewis); Dido acknowledging her love for Aeneas.
- Fama, malum qua non aliud velocius ullum.
- Rumor, swiftest of all the evils in the world.
- Line 174 (tr. Robert Fagles)
- Quis fallere possit amantem?
- Who can deceive a lover?
- Line 296
- Numquam, regina, negabo
Promeritam, nec me meminisse pigebit Elissae
Dum memor ipse mei, dum spiritus hos regit artus.- I shall never deny what you deserve, my queen,
never regret my memories of Dido, not while I
can recall myself and draw the breath of life. - Lines 334–336 (tr. Fagles); Aeneas to Dido.
- I shall never deny what you deserve, my queen,
- Italiam non sponte sequor.
- I sail for Italy not of my own free will.
- Line 361 (tr. Fitzgerald); Aeneas to Dido.
- Improbe Amor, quid non mortalia pectora cogis!
- Unconscionable Love,
To what extremes will you not drive our hearts! - Line 412 (tr. Fitzgerald)
- Compare:
- Σχέτλι᾽ Ἔρως, μέγα πῆμα, μέγα στύγος ἀνθρώποισιν,
ἐκ σέθεν οὐλόμεναί τ᾽ ἔριδες στοναχαί τε γόοι τε,
ἄλγεά τ᾽ ἄλλ᾽ ἐπὶ τοῖσιν ἀπείρονα τετρήχασιν.- Unconscionable Love, bane and tormentor of mankind, parent of strife, fountain of tears, source of a thousand ills.
- Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica, IV, 445–447 (tr. E. V. Rieu)
- Σχέτλι᾽ Ἔρως, μέγα πῆμα, μέγα στύγος ἀνθρώποισιν,
- Unconscionable Love,
- Fata obstant.
- Fate withstands.
- Line 440 (tr. Fairclough)
- Varium et mutabile semper
Femina.- Fickle and changeable always is woman.
- Lines 569–570
- Exoriare aliquis nostris ex ossibus ultor.
- Let someone arise from my bones as an Avenger.
- Line 625
- Vixi, et, quem dederat cursum Fortuna, peregi;
Et nunc magna mei sub terras ibit Imago.- I have lived
and journeyed through the course assigned by fortune.
And now my Shade will pass, illustrious,
beneath the earth. - Lines 653–654 (tr. Allen Mandelbaum)
- I have lived
- 'Moriemur inultae,
Sed moriamur' ait. 'sic, sic juvat ire sub umbras.'- "I shall die unavenged, but I shall die,"
she says. "Thus, thus, I gladly go below
to shadows." - Lines 659–660 (tr. Allen Mandelbaum)
- "I shall die unavenged, but I shall die,"
Book V
[edit]- Furens quid Femina possit.
- What a woman can do in frenzy.
- Line 6 (tr. Fairclough)
- Litus ama.
- Hug the shore.
- Line 163 (tr. Fairclough)
- Possunt, quia posse videntur.
- They can because they think they can.
- Line 231 (tr. John Conington)
- Decus et tutamen.
- An ornament and a safeguard.
- Line 262; inscription on some British one-pound coins up until 2015. The line was suggested by John Evelyn for the edge legend on the new milled coinage of Charles II of England from 1662 on to discourage clipping. He had seen it on the edge of a mirror belonging to Cardinal Richelieu (recorded in his book Numismata in 1697). The suggestion was adopted.
- Cede Deo.
- Yield to God.
- Line 467
- Superanda omnis fortuna ferendo est.
- Every misfortune is to be subdued by patience.
- Line 710
Book VI
[edit]- Bella, horrida bella.
- Wars, horrid wars.
- Line 86
- Tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito.
- Yield not to misfortunes, but advance all the more boldly against them.
- Line 95
- Obscuris vera involvens.
- Wrapping truth in darkness.
- Line 100 (tr. Fairclough)
- Facilis descensus Averno:
Noctes atque dies patet atri ianua Ditis;
Sed revocare gradum superasque evadere ad auras,
Hoc opus, hic labor est.- The gates of hell are open night and day;
Smooth the descent, and easy is the way:
But to return, and view the cheerful skies,
In this the task and mighty labor lies. - Lines 126–129 (as translated by John Dryden)
- Variant translation:
- It is easy to go down into Hell;
Night and day, the gates of dark Death stand wide;
But to climb back again, to retrace one's steps to the upper air—
There's the rub, the task.
- It is easy to go down into Hell;
- Compare:
- Long is the way
And hard, that out of Hell leads up to Light.- John Milton, Paradise Lost, Book II, line 432
- Long is the way
- Variant translation:
- The gates of hell are open night and day;
- Fidus Achates.
- Faithful Achates.
- Line 158; phrase often applied to a friend or relative who remains faithful at all events—Achates was Aeneas' most faithful friend.
- Procul, O procul este, profani!
- Away, away, unhallowed ones!
- Line 258 (tr. Fairclough)
- Nunc animis opus, Aenea, nunc pectore firmo.
- Now, Aeneas, is the hour for courage, now for a dauntless heart!
- Line 261 (tr. Fairclough); Sibyl's words to Aeneas as they enter the underworld.
- Di, quibus imperium est animarum, umbraeque silentes,
Et Chaos, et Phlegethon, loca nocte tacentia late,
Sit mihi fas audita loqui: sit numine vestro
Pandere res alta terra et caligine mersas.- Ye realms, yet unrevealed to human sight,
Ye gods who rule the regions of the night,
Ye gliding ghosts, permit me to relate
The mystic wonders of your silent state! - Lines 264–267 (tr. John Dryden)
- Ye realms, yet unrevealed to human sight,
- Ibant obscuri sola sub nocte per umbram,
Perque domos Ditis vacuas et inania regna.- Obscure they went through dreary shades, that led
Along the waste dominions of the dead. - Lines 268–269 (tr. John Dryden)
- Obscure they went through dreary shades, that led
- Malesuada Fames.
- Hunger that persuades to evil.
- Line 276
- Stabant orantes primi transmittere cursum
Tendebantque manus ripae ulterioris amore.- There all stood begging to be first across
And reached out longing hands to the far shore. - Lines 313–314 (tr. Robert Fitzgerald)
- There all stood begging to be first across
- Desine fata deum flecti sperare precando.
- Cease to think that the decrees of the gods can be changed by prayers.
- Line 376
- Discite justitiam moniti et non temnere divos.
- Vendidit hic auro patriam.
- This man sold his country for gold.
- Line 621
- Non, mihi si linguae centum sunt oraque centum
Ferrea vox, omnis scelerum comprendere formas,
Omnia poenarum percurrere nomina possim.- Nay, had I a hundred tongues, a hundred mouths, and voice of iron, I could not sum up all the forms of crime, or rehearse all the tale of torments.
- Lines 625–627 (tr. H. R. Fairclough); the punishments of the Inferno.
- Inventas aut qui vitam excoluere per artes.
- They who bettered life on earth by new-found mastery.
- Line 663 (tr. William Morris); the blessed in Elysium. A paraphrase of this is inscribed on the Nobel prize medals for Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, and Literature: Inventas vitam juvat excoluisse per artes ("inventions enhance life which is beautified through art").
- Mens agitat molem.
- Mind moves matter.
- Line 727
- Quisque suos patimur manis.
- Each of us bears his own Hell.
- Line 743
- Te tua fata docebo.
- I will teach you your destiny.
- Line 759 (tr. Stanley Lombardo)
- Tu regere imperio populos, Romane, memento
(Hae tibi erunt artes), pacique imponere morem,
Parcere subjectis et debellare superbos.- Roman, remember by your strength to rule
Earth's people—for your arts are to be these:
To pacify, to impose the rule of law,
To spare the conquered, battle down the proud. - Lines 851–853 (tr. Robert Fitzgerald)
- Roman, remember by your strength to rule
- Tu Marcellus eris.
- You will be Marcellus.
- Line 883
- Manibus date lilia plenis.
- Give lilies with full hands.
- Line 883
- Sunt geminae Somni portae, quarum altera fertur
Cornea, qua veris facilis datur exitus umbris,
Altera candenti perfecta nitens elephanto,
Sed falsa ad caelum mittunt insomnia Manes.- There are twin Gates of Sleep.
One, they say, is called the Gate of Horn
and it offers easy passage to all true shades.
The other glistens with ivory, radiant, flawless,
but through it the dead send false dreams up toward the sky. - Lines 893–896 (tr. Fagles); the gates of horn and ivory.
- There are twin Gates of Sleep.
Book VII
[edit]- Major rerum mihi nascitur ordo;
Majus opus moveo.- A greater history opens before my eyes,
A greater task awaits me. - Lines 44–45 (tr. Robert Fitzgerald)
- A greater history opens before my eyes,
- Flectere si nequeo superos, Acheronta movebo.
- If I cannot sway the heavens, I'll wake the powers of hell!
- Line 312 (tr. Robert Fagles); spoken by Juno.
- Variant translation:
- If I am unable to make the gods above relent, I shall move Hell.
- Compare:
- Better to reign in Hell, than serve in Heaven.
- John Milton, Paradise Lost (1667), Book I, line 263
- If Heaven thou can'st not bend, Hell thou shalt move.
- Alexander Pope, The Dunciad, Book III, line 307
- Better to reign in Hell, than serve in Heaven.
- Variant translation:
Book VIII
[edit]- Pedibus timor addidit alas.
- Fear gave wings to his feet.
- Line 224 (tr. C. Day Lewis)
- Arte magistra.
- By the aid of art.
- Line 442; cf. 12.427.
- O mihi praeteritos referat si Iuppiter annos.
- If only Jupiter would give me back
The past years and the man I was... - Line 560 (tr. Robert Fitzgerald)
- If only Jupiter would give me back
Book IX
[edit]- Dine hunc ardorem mentibus addunt,
Euryale, an sua cuique deus fit dira cupido?- Do the gods light this fire in our hearts
or does each man's mad desire become his god? - Lines 184–185 (tr. Fagles)
- Do the gods light this fire in our hearts
- Nequeam lacrimas perferre parentis.
- I cannot bear a mother's tears.
- Line 289
- Volvitur Euryalus leto, pulchrosque per artus
It cruor inque umeros cervix conlapsa recumbit:
Purpureus veluti cum flos succisus aratro
Languescit moriens; lassove papavera collo
Demisere caput, pluvia cum forte gravantur.- Euryalus
In death went reeling down,
And blood streamed on his handsome length, his neck
Collapsing let his head fall on his shoulder—
As a bright flower cut by a passing plow
Will droop and wither slowly, or a poppy
Bow its head upon its tired stalk
When overborne by a passing rain. - Lines 433–437 (tr. Fitzgerald)
- Compare:
- Μήκων δ' ὡς ἑτέρωσε κάρη βάλεν, ἥ τ' ἐνὶ κήπῳ
καρπῷ βριθομένη νοτίῃσί τε εἰαρινῇσιν,
ὣς ἑτέρωσ' ἤμυσε κάρη πήληκι βαρυνθέν.- He bent drooping his head to one side, as a garden poppy
bends beneath the weight of its yield and the rains of springtime;
so his head bent slack to one side beneath the helm's weight. - Homer, Iliad, VIII, 306–308 (tr. R. Lattimore)
- He bent drooping his head to one side, as a garden poppy
- Μήκων δ' ὡς ἑτέρωσε κάρη βάλεν, ἥ τ' ἐνὶ κήπῳ
- Euryalus
- Fortunati ambo! si quid mea carmina possunt,
Nulla dies umquam memori vos eximet aevo,
Dum domus Aeneae Capitoli immobile saxum
Accolet imperiumque pater Romanus habebit.- How fortunate, both at once!
If my songs have any power, the day will never dawn
that wipes you from the memory of the ages, not while
the house of Aeneas stands by the Capitol's rock unshaken,
not while the Roman Father rules the world. - Lines 446–449 (tr. Robert Fagles)
- How fortunate, both at once!
- Iuppiter omnipotens, audacibus adnue coeptis.
- Jove almighty,
nod assent to the daring work I have in hand! - Line 625 (tr. Fagles)
- Compare: Annuit cœptis ("[God] has favored our undertaking"), motto on the reverse side of the Great Seal of the United States.
- Jove almighty,
- Macte nova virtute, puer, sic itur ad astra.
Book X
[edit]- Fata viam invenient.
- Fate will find a way.
- Line 113
- Audentes fortuna iuvat.
- Stat sua cuique dies, breve et inreparabile tempus
Omnibus est vitae; sed famam extendere factis,
Hoc virtutis opus.- Every man's last day is fixed.
Lifetimes are brief and not to be regained,
For all mankind. But by their deeds to make
Their fame last: that is labor for the brave. - Lines 467–469 (tr. Robert Fitzgerald)
- Every man's last day is fixed.
Book XI
[edit]- Experto credite.
- Trust the expert.
- Line 283; cf. "experto crede".
- Variant translations:
- Trust one who has gone through it.
- Believe one who has had experience.
- Spes sibi quisque.
- Each one his own hope.
- Line 30
- Nulla salus bello.
- There is no salvation in war.
- Line 362 (tr. L. R. Lind)
Book XII
[edit]- Aegrescitque medendo.
- The attempts to heal enflame the fever more.
- Line 46 (tr. Fagles)
- Forsan miseros meliora sequentur.
- Who knows?
Better times may come to those in pain. - Line 153 (tr. Fagles)
- Who knows?
- Disce, puer, virtutem ex me verumque laborem,
Fortunam ex aliis.- Learn fortitude and toil from me, my son,
Ache of true toil. Good fortune learn from others. - Lines 435–436 (tr. Robert Fitzgerald)
- Learn fortitude and toil from me, my son,
- Usque adeone mori miserum est?
- Is it then so sad a thing to die?
- Line 646 (tr. Alexander Thomson)
- Ulterius ne tende odiis.
- Go no further down the road of hatred.
- Line 938 (tr. Robert Fagles); Turnus asking Aeneas for mercy.
- Vitaque cum gemitu fugit indignata sub umbras.
- And with a groan for that indignity
His spirit fled into the gloom below. - Line 952 (tr. Robert Fitzgerald)
- And with a groan for that indignity
[edit]- Ille ego, qui quondam gracili modulatus avena
Carmen, et egressus silvis vicina coegi
Ut quamvis avido parerent arva colono,
Gratum opus agricolis, at nunc horrentia Martis ...- I am the poet who once tuned his song
On a slender reed and then leaving the woods
Compelled the fields to obey the hungry farmer,
A pleasing work. But now War's grim and savage ... - Spurious opening lines of the Aeneid (tr. Stanley Lombardo), not found in the earliest manuscripts. Attributed to Virgil on the authority of "the grammarian Nisus", who claimed to have "heard from older men" that Varius had "emended the beginning of the first book by striking out" the four introductory lines, as reported in Suetonius' Life of Vergil, 42 (Loeb translation). John Conington, in his Commentary on Vergil's Aeneid, remarks: "The external evidence of such a story it is impossible to estimate, but its existence suspiciously indicates that the lines were felt to require apology" (Vol. II, p. 30).
- I am the poet who once tuned his song
- Facilius esse Herculi clavam quam Homero versum subripere.
- It is easier to steal the club of Hercules than a line from Homer.
- As quoted by Asconius Pedianus, and reported in Suetonius-Donatus, Vita Vergili (Life of Virgil), 46.
- Hos ego versiculos feci, tulit alter honores.
- I made these little verses, another took the honor.
- Epigram attributed to Virgil in Donatus' Life of Virgil.
- Mors aurem vellens, "vivite," ait, "venio."
- Death twitches my ear. "Live," he says. "I am coming."
- Appendix Virgiliana, Copa 38.
- Color est e pluribus unus.
- Many colors blend into one.
- Appendix Virgiliana, Moretum 102.
- Compare: E pluribus unum ("Out of many, one"), motto on the Great Seal of the United States.
- Cecini pascua, rura, duces.
- I sang of pastures, farms, and commanders.
- Inscription on Virgil's tomb in Naples (tr. Bernard Knox).
[edit]- Minuit praesentia famam.
- Presence diminishes fame.
- Claudian, De Bello Gildonico, 385
- Wrongly attributed to Virgil in an "undoubtedly spurious Italian epistle sometimes printed in [Dante's] works". (Edward Moore, Studies in Dante [1896], footnote on p. 240.)
- Let fraud supply the want of force in war.
- From Book II of Dryden's Aeneid; no exact Latin equivalent exists in Virgil's work, but compare: "Dolus, an virtus, quis in hoste requirat?" (Aeneid 2.390).
- Vitae summa brevis spem nos vetat inchoare longam.
- Life's short span forbids us to enter on far reaching hopes.
- Horace, Odes, Book I, ode iv, line 15
- Virginibus puerisque canto.
- I sing for maidens and boys.
- Horace, Odes, Book III, ode i, line 4
- Crescentem sequitur cura pecuniam,
Maiorumque fames.
- Interdum volgus rectum videt, est ubi peccat.
- At times the world sees straight, but many times the world goes astray.
- Horace, Epistles, Book II, epistle i, line 63
- Vincit amor patriae.
- The noblest motive is the public good.
- Richard Steele, in The Spectator. Compare Aeneid 6.823: Vincet amor patriae ("Love of country shall prevail").
- "In The City of God Augustine quoted the line but changed the verb from the future to the present tense (vincet › vincit). That form became a traditional quotation, often reprinted and reproduced on medals, monuments, and family crests. [...] "Vincit amor patriae" appeared at the head of Spectator no. 200 (October 19, 1711) without translation. The essays from the Spectator were published and republished as books as early as 1713. To assist readers who lacked Latin or Greek, the editors of the 1744 edition provided English translations for its epigraphs; to "Vincit amor patriae" was added "The noblest Motive is the Publick Good." It stuck. The translation was modernized and made its way into innumerable texts and onto public buildings. It is inscribed on the ceiling of the south corridor of the Library of Congress and attributed to Virgil. A mistranslation became a quotation." —Willis Goth Regier, Quotology (2010), pp. 40–41.
Quotes about Virgil
[edit]- Animae dimidium meae.
- Half of my soul.
- Horace, Odes, Book I, ode iii, line 8
- Ideoque optime institutum est ut ab Homero atque Vergilio lectio inciperet, quamquam ad intellegendas eorum virtutes firmiore iudicio opus est: sed huic rei superest tempus, neque enim semel legentur.
- It is therefore an admirable practice which now prevails, to begin by reading Homer and Vergil, although the intelligence needs to be further developed for the full appreciation of their merits: but there is plenty of time for that since the boy will read them more than once.
- Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria (c. 95 AD), I, viii, 5 (tr. H. E. Butler)
- Vtar enim verbis isdem quae ex Afro Domitio iuvenis excepi, qui mihi interroganti quem Homero crederet maxime accedere "secundus" inquit "est Vergilius, propior tamen primo quam tertio". Et hercule ut illi naturae caelesti atque inmortali cesserimus, ita curae et diligentiae vel ideo in hoc plus est, quod ei fuit magis laborandum, et quantum eminentibus vincimur, fortasse aequalitate pensamus. Ceteri omnes longe sequentur.
- I will repeat the words which I heard Domitius Afer use in my young days. I asked what poet in his opinion came nearest to Homer, and he replied, "Virgil came nearest to Homer, but is nearer first than third." And in truth, although we must needs bow before the immortal and superhuman genius of Homer, there is greater diligence and exactness in the work of Virgil just because his task was harder. And perhaps the superior uniformity of the Roman's excellence balances Homer's pre-eminence in his outstanding passages.
- Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, X, i, 86 (tr. H. E. Butler)
- Corpore et statura fuit grandi, aquilo colore, facie rusticana, valetudine varia; nam plerumque a stomacho et a faucibus ac dolore capitis laborabat, sanguinem etiam saepe reiecit. Cibi vinique minimi; libidinis in pueros pronioris... Vulgatum est consuesse eum et cum Plotia Hieria. ... Cetera sane vitae et ore et animo tam probum constat, ut Neapoli Parthenias vulgo appellatus sit, ac si quando Romae, quo rarissime commeabat, viseretur in publico, sectantis demonstrantisque se subterfugeret in proximum tectum.
- He [Virgil] was tall and of full habit, with a dark complexion and a rustic appearance. His health was variable; for he very often suffered from stomach and throat troubles, as well as with headache; and he also had frequent haemorrhages. He ate and drank but little. He was especially given to passions for boys... It is common report that he also had an intrigue with Plotia Hieria. ... Certain it is that for the rest of his life he was so modest in speech and thought, that at Naples he was commonly called "Parthenias" ("The Maiden"), and that whenever he appeared in public in Rome, where he very rarely went, he would take refuge in the nearest house, to avoid those who followed and pointed him out.
- Suetonius, Vita Vergili 8–11, in Suetonius, with an English translation by J. C. Rolfe, Vol. II (1914), p. 467
- "Bucolica" triennio, "Georgica" VII, "Aeneida" XI perfecit annis.
- Plato of Poets.
- Alexander Severus, as quoted in Domenico Comparetti's Vergil in the Middle Ages, tr. E. F. M. Benecke (1895), p. 48
- Facundia Mantuani multiplex et multiformis est et dicendi genus omne complectitur.
- The Mantuan's eloquence is many-sided and diverse, embracing every style.
- Macrobius, Saturnalia (c. 400), V, i, 4 (Loeb translation)
- Decem Rhetorum, qui apud Athenas Atticas floruerunt, stylos inter se diversos hunc unum permiscuisse.
- He combined, all by himself, the divergent styles of the ten orators who flourished in the Athens of Attica.
- Macrobius, Saturnalia, V, i, 20 (Loeb translation)
- Nempe apud Vergilium, quem propterea paruuli legunt, ut uidelicet poeta magnus omniumque praeclarissimus atque optimus teneris ebibitus animis non facile obliuione possit aboleri...
- Virgil certainly is held to be a great poet; in fact he is regarded as the best and the most renowned of all poets, and for that reason he is read by children at an early age – they take great draughts of his poetry into their unformed minds, so that they may not easily forget him.
- Augustine of Hippo, The City of God (c. 410), Book I, Chapter 3 (tr. Henry Bettenson)
- Divinus poeta noster.
- Our divine poet.
- Dante Alighieri, De Monarchia (c. 1313), II, iii, 6.
- Or se' tu quel Virgilio e quella fonte
che spandi di parlar sì largo fiume?- Now, art thou that Virgilius and that fountain
Which spreads abroad so wide a river of speech? - Dante Alighieri, The Divine Comedy (c. 1321), Inferno, I, 79–80 (tr. Longfellow)
- Now, art thou that Virgilius and that fountain
O de li altri poeti onore e lume,
Tu se' lo mio maestro e 'l mio autore,
vagliami 'l lungo studio e 'l grande amore
che m'ha fatto cercar lo tuo volume.
tu se' solo colui da cu' io tolsi
lo bello stilo che m'ha fatto onore.O, of the other poets honour and light,
Thou art my master, and my author thou,
Avail me the long study and great love
That have impelled me to explore thy volume!
Thou art alone the one from whom I took
The beautiful style that has done honour to me.- Dante Alighieri, The Divine Comedy, Inferno, I, 82–87 (tr. Longfellow)
- O anima cortese mantoana
Di cui la fama ancor nel mondo dura,
E durera quanto 'l moto lontana.- O spirit courteous of Mantua,
Of whom the fame still in the world endures,
And shall endure, long-lasting as the world. - Dante Alighieri, The Divine Comedy, Inferno, II, 58–60 (tr. Longfellow)
- O spirit courteous of Mantua,
- Tu duca, tu signore e tu maestro.
- You are my guide, you are my lord and teacher.
- Dante Alighieri, The Divine Comedy, Inferno, II, 140 (tr. Mark Musa)
- O gloria di Latin, disse, per cui
mostrò ciò che potea la lingua nostra...- "O glory of the Latin race," he said, "by whom our language showed forth all its power..."
- Dante Alighieri, The Divine Comedy, Purgatorio, VII, 16–17 (tr. Carlyle-Wicksteed)
- Ma Virgilio n'avea lasciati scemi
di sé, Virgilio, dolcissimo patre,
Virgilio a cui per mia salute die'mi.- But us Virgilius of himself deprived
Had left, Virgilius, sweetest of all fathers,
Virgilius, to whom I for safety gave me. - Dante Alighieri, The Divine Comedy, Purgatorio, XXX, 49–51 (tr. Longfellow)
- But us Virgilius of himself deprived
- For thou shalt, by thyn owene experience,
Konne in a chayer rede of this sentence
Bet than Virgile, while he was on lyve.- Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales (c. 1390), Friar's Tale, III.1517–1519
- Quem te, inquit, reddidissem,
Si te vivum invenissem,
Poetarum maxime!- What a man I should have made of you if I had met you in your life, greatest of poets!
- Anonymous poet at Paris in the twelfth or thirteenth century, describing how Paul of Tarsus, upon visiting the tomb of Virgil at Naples, according to legend, "shed tears of regret at the thought that the poet had not lived at a time when he might have been converted by the Apostle", as reported in Latin Poetry: Lectures Delivered in 1893 on the Percy Turnbull Memorial Foundation in the Johns Hopkins University (1895) by Robert Yelverton Tyrrell, p. 127, A History of Classical Scholarship (1903) by John Sandys, p. 611, and The Oxford Companion to Classical Literature (2013), ed. M. C. Howatson, p. 592
- Nothing in short was omitted by that godlike man. Only fools would want to add anything; only insolent men to change anything. Sentences, numbers, figures, simplicity, candor, ornaments, nature, art, learning—all is incomparable, or, in a word—Virgilian. ... Let the cravens who contend that the free genius and taste of divine Virgil were prisoners of Homer's inventions hold their peace. It was not thus. The arguments of Homer which nature proposed to him were corrected by Virgil as a schoolboy's theme by his professor.
- Julius Caesar Scaliger, Poetices (1561), Book V, Ch. 3, as quoted in "Life of Julius Caesar Scaliger (1484–1558)" by Vernon Hall, Jr. — Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. 40, Part 2 (1950), p. 153
- ...exemplum, regula, principium, finis esse debet nobis Maro.
- Virgil should be our example, our rule, the beginning and the end.
- Julius Caesar Scaliger, Poetices libri septem (1561), Book V, Ch. 3, as quoted in Philip Hardie's The Last Trojan Hero: A Cultural History of Virgil's Aeneid (2014), p. 9
- Homer's poems were writ from a free fury, an absolute and full soul; Virgil's out of a courtly, laborious, and altogether imitatory spirit: not a simile he hath but is Homer's; not an invention, person, or disposition but is wholly or originally built upon Homerical foundations, and in many places hath the very words Homer useth.
- George Chapman, Dedication to Achilles' Shield (1598)
- And for his poesy, 'tis so rammed with life,
That it shall gather strength of life, with being,
And live hereafter more admired than now.- Ben Jonson, Poetaster (1601), Act V, scene i
- The chastest poet and royalest that to the memory of man is known.
- Francis Bacon, as quoted in Latin Poetry: Lectures Delivered in 1893 on the Percy Turnbull Memorial Foundation in the Johns Hopkins University (1895) by Robert Yelverton Tyrrell, p. 128
- Alas! what boots it with uncessant care
To tend the homely slighted Shepherds trade,
And strictly meditate the thankles Muse,
Were it not better don as others use,
To sport with Amaryllis in the shade,
Or with the tangles of Neaera's hair?- John Milton, Lycidas (wr. 1637; pub. 1638, 1645); allusion to Virgil's first eclogue.
- Hail mighty Maro! may that sacred name
Kindle my breast with thy celestial flame;
Sublime ideas and apt words infuse,
The Muse instruct my voice, and thou inspire the Muse!- Wentworth Dillon, 4th Earl of Roscommon, Essay on Translated Verse (1684), lines 173–176
- I looked on Virgil as a succinct and grave majestic writer; one who weighed not only every thought, but every word and syllable.
- John Dryden, Preface to Sylvae (1685)
- He seems to have studied not to be translated.
- John Dryden, Preface to Sylvae (1685)
- There is an inimitable grace in Virgil's words, and in them principally consists that beauty which gives so inexpressible a pleasure to him who best understands their force. This diction of his, I must once again say, is never to be copied; and since it cannot, he will appear but lame in the best translation.
- John Dryden, Preface to Sylvae (1685)
- Virgil had the gift of expressing much in little, and sometimes in silence...
- Virgil is so exact in every word, that none can be changed but for a worse; nor any one removed from its place, but the harmony will be altered. He pretends sometimes to trip; but it is only to make you think him in danger of a fall, when he is most secure.
- John Dryden, A Parallel Betwixt Poetry and Painting (1695)
- [Homer's] Fire burns with extraordinary Heat and Vehemence … Virgil's is a clearer and a chaster Flame ...
- Richard Blackmore, Preface to King Arthur (1697)
- Virgil has a thousand secret beauties...
- John Dryden, The Works of Virgil (1697), 'Dedication to the Aeneis'
- Virgil cannot be said to copy Homer; the Grecian had only the advantage of writing first.
- John Dryden, The Works of Virgil (1697), 'Dedication to the Aeneis'
- Virgil, above all poets, had a stock, which I may call almost inexhaustible, of figurative, elegant, and sounding words.
- John Dryden, The Works of Virgil (1697), 'Dedication to the Aeneis'
- It long has been this sacred author's fate,
To lie at ev'ry dull translator's will:
Long, long his muse has groan'd beneath the weight
Of mangling Ogleby's presumptuous quill.
- Virgil was of a quiet, sedate temper; Homer was violent, impetuous, and full of fire. The chief talent of Virgil was propriety of thoughts, and ornament of words.
- John Dryden, Preface to Fables, Ancient and Modern (1700)
- I came home a little later than usual the other night; and, not finding myself inclined to sleep, I took up Virgil, to divert me till I should be more disposed to rest. He is the author whom I always choose on such occasions; no one writing in so divine, so harmonious, nor so equal a strain, which leaves the mind composed and softened into an agreeable melancholy; the temper in which, of all others, I choose to close the day.
- Richard Steele, in The Spectator 514 (20 October 1712)
- When first young Maro in his boundless mind
A work to outlast immortal Rome designed,
Perhaps he seemed above the critic's law,
And but from Nature's fountains scorned to draw:
But when to examine every part he came,
Nature and Homer were, he found, the same.
Convinced, amazed, he checks the bold design,
And rules as strict his laboured work confine,
As if the Stagirite o'erlooked each line.- Alexander Pope, An Essay on Criticism (1711), lines 130–138
- This fire is discerned in Virgil, but discerned as through a glass, reflected from Homer, more shining than fierce, but every where equal and constant.
- Alexander Pope, Preface to Homer's Iliad (1715)
- The delight of all ages, and the pattern of all poets.
- Voltaire, An Essay on Epic Poetry (1727)
- Virgil loved rural ease, and, far from harm,
Maecenas fix'd him in a neat, snug farm,
Where he might free from trouble pass his days
In his own way, and pay his rent in praise.- Charles Churchill, Independence (1764)
- The warmest admirers of the great Mantuan poet can extol him for little more than the skill with which he has, by making his hero both a traveller and a warrior, united the beauties of the Iliad and Odyssey in one composition; yet his judgment was perhaps sometimes overborne by his avarice of the Homeric treasures; and, for fear of suffering a sparkling ornament to be lost, he has inserted it where it cannot shine with its original splendor.
- Samuel Johnson, The Rambler, No. 121 (May 14, 1751)
- Savez-vous le latin, madame? Non; voilà pourquoi vous me demandez si j'aime mieux Pope que Virgile. Ah! madame, toutes nos langues modernes sont sèches, pauvres, et sans harmonie, en comparaison de celles qu'ont parlées nos premiers maîtres, les Grecs et les Romains. Nous ne sommes que des violons de village. Comment voulez-vous d'ailleurs que je compare des épîtres à un poëme épique, aux amours de Didon, à l'embrasement de Troie, à la descente d'Énée aux enfers? Je crois l'Essai sur l'Homme, de Pope, le premier des poëmes didactiques, des poëmes philosophiques; mais ne mettons rien à côté de Virgile. Vous le connaissez par les traductions; mais les poëtes ne se traduisent point. Peut-on traduire de la musique? Je vous plains, madame, avec le goût et la sensibilité éclairée que vous avez, de ne pouvoir lire Virgile.
- Do you understand Latin, Madam? No; else you would not have asked whether I like Pope better than Virgil. Ah! Madam, all our modern languages are dry, poor, and wholly devoid of harmony, when compared to those which were spoken by our first masters, the Greeks and the Romans: we are merely to be compared to country fiddlers. Besides, how could you expect me to compare epistles to an epic poem, to the love of Dido, the burning of Troy, and the descent of Aeneas into hell? I think Pope's Essay on Man is one of the first and best didactic poems; but do not let us place any work upon an equality with Virgil. You are merely acquainted with him in a French dress; but poets cannot bear translating. Can you translate music? I really pity you, Madam, endowed as you are with such an exquisite degree of taste, and of refined sensibility, for not being able to read Virgil.
- Voltaire, letter to Madam du Deffand (19 May 1754), in The Unpublished Correspondence of Madame Du Deffand, trans. Mary Meeke, Vol. II (1810), pp. 257–258
- I have this year read all Virgil through. I read a book of the Æneid every night, so it was done in twelve nights, and I had a great delight in it. The Georgicks did not give me so much pleasure, except the fourth book. The Eclogues I have almost all by heart.
- Samuel Johnson, as quoted in The Life of Samuel Johnson by James Boswell, Vol. II (1791), p. 454
- The principal and distinguishing excellency of Virgil, and which, in my opinion, he possesses beyond all poets, is tenderness. Nature had endowed him with exquisite sensibility; he felt every affecting circumstance in the scenes he describes; and, by a single stroke, he knows how to reach the heart.
- Hugh Blair, Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles Lettres, Vol. II (1783), Lecture XLIII: 'The Æneid of Virgil', p. 447
- [The] pathetic is Virgil's great excellence in the Æneid, and...in that way he surpasses all other poets of every age and nation, except, perhaps (and only perhaps), Shakspeare. It is on that account that I rank him so very high; for surely to excel in that style which speaks to the heart is the greatest of all excellence.
- Charles James Fox, letter to Gilbert Wakefield (13 April 1801), in Correspondence of the late Gilbert Wakefield with the late Charles James Fox (1813), p. 192
- That harmonious plagiary and miserable flatterer, whose cursed hexameters were drilled into me at Harrow.
- Lord Byron, letter to Thomas Moore (11 April 1817), in Letters and Journals of Lord Byron (1830), p. 329
- Virgil's style is an inimitable mixture of the elaborately ornate, and the majestically plain and touching.
- William Wordsworth, letter to Lord Lonsdale (17 February 1819), in Letters of the Wordsworth Family from 1787 to 1855, collected and ed. by W. Knight, Vol. II (1907), p. 123
- Virgil seems to have copied Greek models completely, imitating them slavishly and lifelessly, and so they appear as plagiarisms more or less devoid of spirit.
- Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Vorlesungen über die Philosophie der Religion, ed. W. Jaeschke, Vol. II, p. 402, as reported and quoted in The Last Trojan Hero: A Cultural History of Virgil's Aeneid (2014) by Philip Hardie, p. 14
- If you take from Virgil his diction and metre, what do you leave him?
- Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Table Talk (8 May 1824), in Specimens of the Table Talk of the late Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Vol. I (1835), p. 50
- O Virgile! ô poète! ô mon maître divin!
- Oh Virgil! Oh poet! Oh my divine master!
- Victor Hugo, Les Voix intérieures (1837), VII, 'À Virgile'
- It never occurs to me to place him among the Roman poets of the first order.
- Barthold Georg Niebuhr, The History of Rome, Vol. V (1844), p. 79
- Unless one is a moron, one always dies unsure of one's own value and that of one's works. Virgil himself, as he lay dying, wanted the Aeneid burned.
- Gustave Flaubert, letter to Louise Colet (19 September 1852), in The Letters of Gustave Flaubert: 1830–1857, selected, edited and translated by Francis Steegmuller (1980), p. 170
- Le poète de la latinité tout entière.
- The poet of the entire Latin world.
- Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, Étude sur Virgile (1857), p. 35, as quoted in Why Vergil?: A Collection of Interpretations (2000), "Homage to Virgil" by Charles Fantazzi, p. 290
- Over the whole of the great poem of Virgil, over the whole Æneid, there rests an ineffable melancholy: not a rigid, a moody gloom, like the melancholy of Lucretius; no, a sweet, a touching sadness, but still a sadness; a melancholy which is at once a source of charm in the poem, and a testimony to its incompleteness. Virgil, as Niebuhr has well said, expressed no affected self-disparagement, but the haunting, the irresistible self-dissatisfaction of his heart, when he desired on his deathbed that his poem might be destroyed. A man of the most delicate genius, the most rich learning, but of weak health, of the most sensitive nature, in a great and overwhelming world; conscious, at heart, of his inadequacy for the thorough spiritual mastery of that world and its interpretation in a work of art; conscious of this inadequacy—the one inadequacy, the one weak place in the mighty Roman nature! This suffering, this graceful-minded, this finely-gifted man is the most beautiful, the most attractive figure in literary history; but he is not the adequate interpreter of the great period of Rome.
- Matthew Arnold, "On the Modern Element in Literature" (1857), lecture published in On the Classical Tradition (1960) ed. by R. H. Super, p. 35
- He writes passionately, because he feels keenly; forcibly, because he conceives vividly; he sees too clearly to be vague; he is too serious to be otiose; he can analyze his subject, and therefore he is rich; he embraces it as a whole and in its parts, and therefore he is consistent; he has a firm hold of it, and therefore he is luminous. When his imagination wells up, it overflows in ornament; when his heart is touched, it thrills along his verse. He always has the right word for the right idea, and never a word too much. If he is brief, it is because few words suffice; when he is lavish of them, still each word has its mark, and aids, not embarrasses, the vigorous march of his elocution. He expresses what all feel, but all cannot say; and his sayings pass into proverbs among his people, and his phrases become household words and idioms of their daily speech, which is tesselated with the rich fragments of his language, as we see in foreign lands the marbles of Roman grandeur worked into the walls and pavements of modern palaces.
Such pre-eminently is Shakespeare among ourselves; such pre-eminently Virgil among the Latins; such in their degree are all those writers who in every nation go by the name of Classics.
- Virgil imitated Homer, but imitated him as a rival, not as a disciple.
- John Conington, P. Vergili Maronis Opera, with a Commentary by John Conington, M.A., Vol. II (1863), Introduction, p. 27
- His single words and phrases, his pathetic half-lines giving utterance, are as the voice of Nature herself, to that pain and weariness, yet hope of better things, which is the experience of her children in every time.
- John Henry Newman, An Essay in Aid of a Grammar of Assent (1870)
- My lord, you know what Virgil sings—
Woman is various and most mutable.- Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Queen Mary (1875), Act III, scene vi. Cf. Aeneid 4.569
- Roman Virgil, thou that singest Ilion's lofty temples robed in fire.
- Alfred, Lord Tennyson, To Virgil (1882), st. 1
- Thou that singest wheat and woodland, tilth and vineyard, hive and horse and herd;
All the charm of all the Muses often flowering in a lonely word.- Alfred, Lord Tennyson, To Virgil (1882), st. 3
- Thou that seest Universal Nature moved by Universal Mind;
Thou majestic in thy sadness at the doubtful doom of human kind.- Alfred, Lord Tennyson, To Virgil (1882), st. 6
- Sound for ever of Imperial Rome.
- Alfred, Lord Tennyson, To Virgil (1882), st. 8
- I salute thee, Mantovano, I that loved thee since my day began,
Wielder of the stateliest measure ever moulded by the lips of man.- Alfred, Lord Tennyson, To Virgil (1882), st. 10
- Hundreds of Virgil's lines are for most of us familiar quotations, which linger in our memory, and round which our literary associations cluster and hang, just as religious feeling clings to well-known texts or passages of Scripture.
- Charles Bowen, Preface to Virgil in English Verse (1887)
- Of all that [Homer] knew he sang, but Virgil could only follow and imitate, with a pale antiquarian interest, the things that were alive for Homer.
- Andrew Lang, letter to Lady Violet Lebas in Letters on Literature (1892), p. 65
- The use which the grammarians made of Vergil is so extensive that, if all the MSS. of him had been lost, it would be possible from the notices given us by the ancients of the Vergilian poems, and the passages quoted from them by the grammarians alone, to reconstruct practically the whole of the Bucolics, the Georgics, and the Aeneid.
- Domenico Comparetti, Vergil in the Middle Ages, tr. E. F. M. Benecke (1895), p. 32
- [Virgil] borrows royally from nearly every older master of style. Yet the result, if a mosaic, at least remains clear, beautiful, even harmonious, in its general design and effect.
- William Cranston Lawton, "Virgil" in Library of the World's Best Literature (1897), p. 15421
- But it is to beauty that, like Dante, one returns as the final fact and feature of his style. Under Virgil's verbal sorcery, Latin becomes a golden language of exquisite richness, veined with a delicate melancholy and wistful reverie upon the abundant travail of life. If his wealth of tremulous pities and mystic dreams do not make true poetry, then poetry was never written.
- John Wight Duff, A Literary History of Rome (1909), p. 349
- Does [Aeneas] really resemble Odysseus at any point? No—there is no greater difference within the whole compass of ancient literature; and to understand that is to see how absurd are those critics who would dismiss Virgil contemptuously as a mere plagiarist and imitator of Homer. There is no more profound or astonishing originality in all the literature of antiquity than Virgil's; and that precisely because it operates within the limits imposed by the inherited and traditional forms, which it reverently observes.
- Theodor Haecker, Virgil, Father of the West (1934), tr. A. W. Wheen, p. 70
- With Virgil European poetry grows up.
- C. S. Lewis, A Preface to Paradise Lost (1942), Chapter 6: "Virgil and the Subject of Secondary Epic"
- [Aeneas] is the symbol of Rome; and, as Aeneas is to Rome, so is ancient Rome to Europe. Thus Virgil acquires the centrality of the unique classic; he is at the centre of European civilisation, in a position which no other poet can share or usurp. The Roman Empire and the Latin language were not any empire and any language, but an empire and a language with a unique destiny in relation to ourselves, and the poet in whom that Empire and that language came to consciousness and expression is a poet of unique destiny. [...] No modern language can hope to produce a classic, in the sense in which I have called Virgil a classic. Our classic, the classic of all Europe, is Virgil.
- T. S. Eliot, "What is a Classic?" (1944)
- I think that he had few illusions and that he saw clearly both sides of every question—the case for the loser as well as the case for the winner.
- T. S. Eliot, "Virgil and the Christian World" (1951)
- ...in the sense in which a poet is a philosopher … Virgil is the greatest philosopher of ancient Rome. ...Virgil was, among all authors of classical antiquity, one for whom the world made sense, for whom it had order and dignity, and for whom, as for no one before his time except the Hebrew prophets, history had meaning.
- T. S. Eliot, "Virgil and the Christian World" (1951)
- No, Virgil, no:
Not even the first of the Romans can learn
His Roman history in the future tense,
Not even to serve your political turn;
Hindsight as foresight makes no sense.- W. H. Auden, "Secondary Epic" (1959), opening lines
- Why Virgil's poems have for the last two thousand years exercised so great an influence on our Western culture is, paradoxically, because he was a renegade to the true Muse. His pliability; his subservience; his narrowness; his denial of that stubborn imaginative freedom which the true poets who preceded him had prized; his perfect lack of originality, courage, humour, or even animal spirits: these were the negative qualities which first commended him to government circles and have kept him in public favour ever since. [...] Few poets have brought such discredit as Virgil on their sacred calling.
- Robert Graves, "The Virgil Cult" (1961), in The Virginia Quarterly Review, Vol. 38, no. 1 (1962), pp. 13–35; partially quoted in Philip Hardie's The Last Trojan Hero: A Cultural History of Virgil's Aeneid (2014), p. 14, and in Richard Jenkyns's The Legacy of Rome: A New Appraisal (1992), p. 142.
- Virgil's narrative style...is subjective or more accurately, empathetic-sympathetic. Virgil not only reads the minds of his characters; he constantly communicates to us his own reactions to them and to their behaviour.
- Brooks Otis, Virgil: A Study in Civilized Poetry (1964), p. 88
- Homer is a world; Virgil, a style.
- Mark Van Doren, as quoted in Allen Mandelbaum, trans., The Aeneid of Virgil (1971), p. vi
- Like every human being, a poet has to deal with three questions: how, what for, and in the name of what to live. The Bucolics, the Georgics and the Aeneid answer all three, and these answers apply equally to the Emperor and to his subjects, to antiquity as well as to our times. The modern reader may use Virgil in the same way that Dante used him in his passage through Hell and Purgatory: as a guide.
- Joseph Brodsky, "Virgil: Older than Christianity, a Poet for the New Age", in Vogue (October 1981), p. 180
- For Virgil all war is mad and one cannot conduct oneself morally on the battlefield.
- K. W Gransden, "War and Peace", in Harold Bloom's Virgil's Aeneid (1987), p. 143
- At every step I have seen how impossible it is to translate Virgil, especially his unequaled blend of grandeur and accessibility..., of eloquence and action, heroics and humanity.
- Robert Fagles, "Translator's Postscript" to Virgil, The Aeneid (New York: Viking, 2006), p. 389
See also
[edit]External links
[edit]- Encyclopedic article on Virgil on Wikipedia
- Works related to Author:Virgil on Wikisource
- Media related to Virgil on Wikimedia Commons
- Original texts of Virgil's works at The Latin Library


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It is 1715. Pirates rule the Caribbean and have established a lawless pirate republic. Among these outlaws is a fearsome young captain named Edward Kenway. His exploits earn the respect of pirate legends like Blackbeard, but draw him into an ancient war that may destroy everything the pirates have built.
- EXPLORE AN OPEN WORLD FILLED WITH OPPORTUNITIES: Discover the most diverse Assassin's Creed world ever created. From Kingston to Nassau, explore 50 unique locations where you can live the life of a pirate.
- BECOME THE MOST FEARED PIRATE IN THE CARIBBEAN: Command your ship, the Jackdaw, and strike fear in all who see her. Plunder and pillage to upgrade the Jackdaw with ammunition and equipment needed to fight off enemy ships.
- MULTIPLAYER EXPERIENCE: Play with your friends in the ruthless and critically acclaimed multiplayer experience. Choose from an eclectic cast of characters from the Golden Age of Pirates and fight to the death in exotic locations.
- A BRASH REBEL ASSASSIN: Become Edward Kenway, a charismatic yet brutal pirate captain, trained by Assassins. Edward can effortlessly switch between the Hidden Blade of the Assassin's Order and all new weaponry including four flintock pistols and dual cutlass swords.
- EXPERIENCE THE GRITTY REALITY BEHIND THE PIRATE FANTASY: Stand amongst legendary names such as Blackbeard and Benjamin Hornigold, as you establish a lawless Republic in the Bahamas and relive the truly explosive events that defined the Golden Age of Pirates.

subset: commoncrawl


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Fain Anderson VanDerhoef Rosendahl O'Halloran Spillane PLLC (FAVROS) is a law firm of experienced trial lawyers focused on civil and commercial litigation with particular emphasis in medical professional liability defense, appeals, medical licensing, hospital privileging/credentialing, healthcare risk management, product liability defense and business litigation. We have offices in Seattle and Tacoma with attorneys licensed to practice across the western states, including Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Nevada, and California.
" [W]hat may be the most formidable health-care litigation team in the state. "
- Puget Sound Business Journal August 28, 2015.
representative casesFAVROS NEWSThe FAVROS team of seasoned attorneys, paralegals and support staff is committed to giving our clients the dedicated service and work ethic they deserve. We pride ourselves in providing trustworthy legal advice and strong representation.
Phone: 206.749.0094
Fax: 206.749.0194
3131 Elliott Avenue, Suite 300
Seattle, WA 98121
Phone: 253.328.7800
Fax: 253.272.0386
1301 A Street, Suite 900
Tacoma, WA 98402


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Refill available in store!!
A mess-free, convenient, portable and perfectly portioned toothpaste tablet.
Lightweight, perfect for travel or to brush on the go.
Twice the size of other toothpaste tablets, you will only need one to get your teeth squeaky clean.
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Release notes for GStreamer Bad Plugins 1.5.90The GStreamer team is pleased to announce the first release candidate for the stable 1.6 release series. The 1.6 release series is adding new features on top of the 1.0, 1.2 and 1.4 series and is part of the API and ABI-stable 1.x release series of the GStreamer multimedia framework. The final 1.6.0 release is planned in the next few days unless any major bugs are found. Binaries for Android, iOS, Mac OS X and Windows will be provided separately by the GStreamer project. "That an accusation?" No perfectly groomed moustache or any amount of fine clothing is going to cover up the truth - these plugins are Bad with a capital B. They look fine on the outside, and might even appear to get the job done, but at the end of the day they're a black sheep. Without a golden-haired angel to watch over them, they'll probably land in an unmarked grave at the final showdown. Don't bug us about their quality - exercise your Free Software rights, patch up the offender and send us the patch on the fastest steed you can steal from the Confederates. Because you see, in this world, there's two kinds of people, my friend: those with loaded guns and those who dig. You dig. This module contains a set of plugins that aren't up to par compared to the rest. They might be close to being good quality, but they're missing something - be it a good code review, some documentation, a set of tests, a real live maintainer, or some actual wide use. If the blanks are filled in they might be upgraded to become part of either gst-plugins-good or gst-plugins-ugly, depending on the other factors. If the plugins break, you can't complain - instead, you can fix the problem and send us a patch, or bribe someone into fixing them for you. New contributors can start here for things to work on. Other modules containing plugins are:
Bugs fixed in this release
You can find source releases of The git repository and details how to clone it can be found at git.freedesktop.org . HomepageThe project's website is https://gstreamer.freedesktop.org.Support and BugsWe use GNOME's bugzilla for bug reports and feature requests. Please submit patches via bugzilla as well. For help and support, please subscribe to and send questions to the gstreamer-devel mailing list (see below for details). Find us on IRC at #gstreamer. DevelopersGit is hosted on git.freedesktop.org. You can browse the gst-plugins-bad repository. All code is in Git and can be checked out from there. Interested developers of the core library, plugins, and applications should subscribe to the gstreamer-devel list. Contributors to this release
Report a problem on this page. |


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At last Sunday's Creative Arts Emmys, Bob's Burgers won the Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program. Alexander McCall offers this appreciation of its approach to its strange and fascinating women. The Primetime Emmy ceremony airs Monday night, August 25.
The original proof-of-concept for the Fox animated sitcom Bob's Burgers was far from groundbreaking. Incompetent, emotionally aloof father? Check. Shrill mother? Check. A strange rag-tag bunch of kids? Sure enough.
Initially, it seemed the show would rely on these exhausted archetypes, like those in the universes of The Simpsons and Family Guy. The proof-of-concept that eventually became the show's pilot features Bob Belcher, who runs a failing boardwalk burger joint, and his eccentric family: his wife, Linda, his sons, Daniel and Gene, and his youngest daughter, Louise.
But when the show premiered in 2011, the pilot had been streamlined. The animation was better. The dialogue was longer, and most notably, Daniel, Bob's awkward teenage son, had been replaced with Tina, a female doppelgänger –– a pivotal choice.
Tina is weird. She's a nervous, idiosyncratic teenager, visibly experiencing the miseries of puberty. She likes horses and describes her relationship with zombies as "complicated." She sports thick-rimmed glasses and plain clothes. At first glance, Tina might not seem all that unusual. But Tina has a lot going on. When she isn't working in the restaurant or looking after her younger siblings, she might be pursuing the affection of Jimmy Pesto, Jr., penning another volume of her signature "Erotic Friend Fiction," or daydreaming about men's butts.
Most animated sitcoms have ugly histories when it comes to female characters. Women are frequently there to be mocked or to represent men's sexual desires. But instead of using Tina as an arbitrary tool for cheap laughs, the writers of Bob's Burgers –– several of whom are women –– have given audiences the opportunity to see adolescence through the lens of a central female character. The show, in fact, embraces Tina's own sexuality for all its uncomfortable awkwardness.
In the show's four seasons, Tina has become a fan favorite — and she's in good company, too. Bob's Burgers features a number of well-rounded female characters who are clever, strong and entertaining. And in that, the show is progressive without being straightforwardly political.
Tina Belcher's most obvious influence might seem to be Lisa Simpson, but the two are intrinsically and essentially different. Lisa Simpson is precocious and articulate. Tina is painfully gawky. She's terrified of being put on the spot, often staring blankly into space and groaning for prolonged periods of time. Those who surround Lisa Simpson are often dismissive of what she has to say, but Tina's family, while odd, is incredibly supportive and involved. In one instance, Tina asks her dad how to shave her legs –– a rite of passage you might expect to see treated as a bonding moment between mother and daughter.
The other noticeable difference between the two, however, is that Lisa self-identifies as a feminist. Tina's unassuming confidence, on the other hand, can fly under the radar, but she still experiences moments of extreme feminist clarity.
"I'm a smart, strong, sensual woman," she proclaims in the first episode of the show's second season, while trapped in a dilapidated taffy factory. In that episode, Tina decides she doesn't need to act vulnerable to attract male attention. And in "Two For Tina," she pursues her own desires without embarrassment, courting two different dates to the school dance, forcing them to compete for her, even if she ultimately ends up alone.
The roots of Tina's feminist spirit are evident in her mother. Linda is a pinnacle of girl power. She's busy with the family, but with other things, too, like helping Bob keep the restaurant afloat. She is unwaveringly optimistic and self-motivated –– to the point of occasionally shouting things like "All right, go girls!" –– and whether she's working part-time at a local grocery store or staging a dinner theater production, Linda isn't one to be discouraged. It's obvious that she tries to instill the same values in her children.
"I'm no hero," Tina declares in season three. "I put my bra on one boob at a time like everyone else." But for many, Tina does represent a new kind of hero. She weathers the anxieties of adolescence while gently testing the waters of her confidence. Tina might not be great at public speaking, but her message is clear: embrace your weirdness. Embrace your Tina.
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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'Social' bacteria that work together to hunt for food and survive under harsh conditions
When considering the behavior of bacteria, the word "social" doesn't often come to mind.
Yet some bacteria are quite social, chief among them Myxococcus xanthus, a soil-dwelling bacterium that organizes itself into multi-cellular, 3-D structures made up of thousands of cells that work together to hunt for food and survive under harsh conditions.
"For the first 100 years of microbiology, researchers were trying to find model organisms to study bacteria, and most were selected because they had some medical or industrial significance influence, such as E. coli, and because they grow very well in the standard test tube," says Oleg Igoshin, an assistant professor of bioengineering at Rice University. "But when you base your choice on their behavior in a test tube, and not on social behavior or spatial structure, you lose some interesting species to study.
"The story is quite different for Myxococcus xanthus," he adds. "They are a very social bacteria that form really cool structures, and rely on each other for survival."
M. xanthus is "predatory," meaning it eats other microbes, although it is not harmful to humans. It is of great interest to researchers because of its self-made, complex, spatial formations, some even visible to the naked eye, and because it can kill efficiently and digest a wide range of microbial species.
"Their three-dimensional structures contain hundreds of thousands of bacteria, plus extra cellular material that holds the bacteria together like glue," says the National Science Foundation (NSF)-funded computational biologist, who is using both data-driven modeling and simulations to learn how M. xanthus behaves when there is sufficient food available, and when there is not. "We are trying to identify the mechanisms to understand how they achieve their multi-cellular behaviors."
Studying this organism addresses fundamental biological questions about how individual cells can break their symmetry to organize into these complicated many-celled compositions, teaching scientists about the evolution of multi-cellularity. "The most primitive form of life is single-cell life," Igoshin says. "The next step up would be going from single cells to multicellular organisms. These bacteria are somewhat in the middle."
When food is plentiful, these bacteria move in coordinated swarms, called ripples, often containing thousands of cells, which secrete enzymes into the environment to kill their prey and digest it outside their structure before taking in the resulting nutrients.
"M. xanthus has the ability to produce some powerful antibiotics that kill other species and enzymes that chew up the prey proteins into small segments," Igoshin says. "Single cells can't produce enough of these antibiotics or enzymes to effectively kill their prey, which is why they hunt together as a group."
But when food is scarce, M. xanthus takes another shape, forming itself into mounds of spores called fruiting bodies, where they can survive for a long time, sometimes for many years, until conditions improve and they can germinate again. "A single spore wouldn't survive," he says. "They need to be together."
The insights gained from a better understanding of how this bacterium functions potentially could help future researchers in designing new antibiotics, or possibly have a role in agricultural practices, such as developing new pest-resistant seeds. Moreover, deciphering the basic biology of multicellular organization can help to understand its more complex manifestations, such as embryonic development.
Igoshin is using M. xanthus as a model system for his computational tools, using approaches that involve both data analysis and simulation, both of which "have become a cornerstone of biological research in the modern era of biology," he says.
"I use reverse engineering approaches to look at these microscopic structures and try to figure out what these individual cells should do in order to produce this type of behavior," he adds. "I put in parameters such as size, velocity, flexibility, speed--some we can measure, some we can guess--and see whether the computer simulations will produce structures similar to those observed."
Igoshin is conducting his research under an NSF Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) award, which he received in 2009. The award supports junior faculty who exemplify the role of teacher-scholars through outstanding research, excellent education, and the integration of education and research within the context of the mission of their organization. NSF is funding his work with $640,000 over five years.
He is collaborating with other experimental labs to study this organism, including Roy Welch, associate professor of biology at Syracuse University; Lawrence Shimkets, professor of biology at the University of Georgia; and Heidi Kaplan, associate professor of microbiology and genetics at the University of Texas-Houston Medical School.
As part of the grant's educational component, Igoshin and his colleagues created a new interdisciplinary graduate program at Rice offering a doctoral degree in systems, synthetic and physical biology, that began in the fall of 2013. Igoshin, who co-wrote the program proposal, serves on the program steering committee, and the admission and recruitment committee.
"Answering complex biological questions in the post-genomic era will require multidisciplinary approaches combining both experimental and computational methods" he says. "Our new program aims to educate a new generation of life scientists that have truly interdisciplinary training and therefore can work together on these challenges."


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2013-11-12 BitScope DSO, Logic, Chart, Meter and Library updatedChanges in the Linux kernel that have appeared in recent editions of Ubuntu and Fedora caused problems for these applications when used with some model USB BitScopes. These included BS300, BS310, BS50 and some BS1xx models. This update addresses these issues. If you use Ubuntu or Fedora and run into trouble with one of these models please upgrade to the latest production release. Windows, Mac and Raspberry Pi are unaffected. 2013-11-06 Logic 1.2.DJ20B Mac OS X Maverics, Sydney & Linux 3.8+Apple released Mavericks recently so we've been working to ensure our software remains compatible. This update makes some changes required to avoid a bugs we found when older versions were run in Mavericks. It also fixes a bug reported when some USB BitScope models are used with Fedora 19 or Ubuntu 13.10 Linux. These include BS300, BS301, BS310, BS50 and BS320. Some early editions of BS100 and BS120 may also be affected. If you have difficulties connecting with a Linux system which uses the kernel revision 3.8 or later and you have reviewed our USB troubleshooting guide to ensure it's not a different issue, we recommend you upgrade to this release. 2013-06-01 Logic 1.2.DE17C Mac OS X Mountain Lion ReleaseBitScope Logic now works with the latest Mac OS X as part of our Mountain Lion Update. If you were using an older version you may have noticed Apple's recent Mountain Lion update prevented access to some network model BitScopes including Sydney. This has been fixed in this release. To install simply download the update and drag the app to your Applications folder. This release is significantly faster due the use of the a new link driver so we've updated for Windows and Linux too. The driver is activated by default for Linux and Mac OS X and can be manually enabled via the FTDI device properties for the USB device created by Windows when a USB BitScope is first connected by reducing the USB latency timer setting to 2ms. 2013-04-29 Logic 1.1.DC01K Device Detection and SimulationLogic now detects connected USB BitScopes automatically. If only one device is connected, Logic uses it automatically. Logic also includes simulations for all 22 supported BitScope models which will allow previously captured data to be replayed without the need for a physically connected device. This update also fixes a number of bugs reported when used with some Windows editions, notably XP. If you experienced problems using repeat capture, we recommend you upgrade. 2013-04-23 Logic 1.1.DC01J Failed Link RecoveryLogic is now capable of recovering a failed connection to the BitScope automatically. This means that once connected with a BitScope, Logic remains connected until it is powered off even if the BitScope is disconnected from the PC. Put another way, Logic remembers the complete BitScope state so if accidentally unplugged or if USB drops out (e.g. because the PC sleeps), Logic will reconnect and restore the BitScope to exactly the same state and continue operating. Owners of older non-isolated USB BitScope models should find this feature very handy; inductive spikes or other sources of EMI that may have in the past terminated the USB connection requiring the BitScope and Logic to be restarted now barely cause a hiccup in normal operation. 2013-04-18 Logic 1.1.DC01H Stale Data FixThis update fixes a bug found to affect some BitScope models including recent BS10 revisions. If you find that analog channel A does not update when you click Run but it does update when you click Run again, we recommend you update to this version. 2013-04-02 Logic 1.1.DC01G Windows Bug FixThis update fixes a bug in some Windows installations. If an alert appears reporting "File not open" when you start Logic you should install this update. Linux systems and "clean" Windows system are unaffected by this bug so if you don't see this error you don't need to update. 2013-03-17 Logic 1.1.DC01F Minor UpdateThis update migrates Logic to the forthcoming BitLib V2.0 (as used by DSO 2.5). This offers much faster performance in many situations and enables Logic to support 22 BitScope Models. 2012-07-25 Logic 1.1.CG25A Windows and Linux 64 bit ReleaseThis release introduces 64-bit versions for Windows 7 and most 64-bit Linux distributions. This update has been made possible with the release of the new BitScope Library also available as a 64-bit native release. If you are running Windows 7/64 or 64 bit versions of Ubuntu, Debian, Mint, Fedora, RedHat or other 64 bit Linux distributions we recommend you upgrade to the 64 bit version of DSO. We've also fixed bugs caused by Ubuntu's adoption of overlay scrollbars as part of their "touch ready" Unity Interface. Logic now runs without the need for the tweaks reported for DSO at BK04D 2012-05-23 Logic 1.1.CC02B Minor UpdateThis update is for owners of legacy models BS50, BS300, BS310, BS311 and BS320. It fixes a bug which prevented these models from connecting or which prevented the correct sample rates from being selected. If you have a current model you probably don't need to update (but you can :-). 2012-05-01 Logic 1.1.CC02A HAL Compatibilty UpdateThis update adds the hardware abstraction layer (HAL) used by DSO 2.5 to BitScope Logic. It effectively replaces the driver layer in Logic to ensure compatibility with new firmware revisions of BS10 as well as older model BitScopes such as BS50U which previously did not work with Logic. Thanks to everyone who reported bugs and offered suggestions based on the previous release; Logic capture now uses the high speed ("hair trigger") mode of BS10. Slow connection with the BS1xx models has been fixed and some other system compatibility bugs have also been fixed. Please email firstname.lastname@example.com with bug reports or questions. More updates coming soon as we add new requested features including individual channel enables, analog range control and more protocol decoders. |
Copyright © 2023 BitScope Designs


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Danny Willett wins Masters after Jordan Spieth's shocking stumble
By Doug Ferguson
Published on
AUGUSTA, Ga. (AP) – Danny Willett in a green jacket was hard to believe considering he wasn't even sure he could play the Masters two weeks ago.
No one was more stunned than Jordan Spieth.
Nine holes away from another wire-to-wire victory, the defending Masters champion threw it away Sunday with a collapse around Amen Corner that was shocking even by Augusta National standards. With a five-shot lead heading to the 10th tee, he dropped six shots in three holes and could never catch up.
"It was a really tough 30 minutes for me that hopefully I never experience again," Spieth said.
Even more painful for Spieth?
He had to go to Butler Cabin and to the 18th green ceremony to present the green jacket to Willett.
"I feel very fortunate to be standing here, and you not putting the jacket on yourself again," Willett said to Spieth at the trophy presentation.
Willett always had this Sunday circled on his calendar – the due date of his first child. He wasn't planning to be at Augusta National until his wife gave birth to their son, Zachariah James, on March 30 and sent the 28-year-old English on an improbable path to becoming a major champion.
It was a comeback that ranks among the most surprising at the Masters.
Five shots behind with six holes to play, Willett birdied three of his last six holes to polish off a round that might not get its due because of the unforgettable images of Spieth's meltdown. Willett closed with a 5-under 67, with no bogeys on his card, to match the best score of the weekend.
He won by three shots at 5-under 283, the highest winning score at the Masters in nine years.
It already was early Monday in England – his wife Nicole's 28th birthday.
"We talk about fate, talk about everything else that goes with it," Willett said. "It's just a crazy, crazy week."
Willett ended Europe's 17-year drought at Augusta National, and he became the first player from England in a green jacket since Nick Faldo in 1996.
How fitting.
Twenty years ago, Faldo also shot a bogey-free 67 in a final round remembered just as much for Greg Norman throwing away a six-shot lead.
Spieth was trying to become only the fourth back-to-back winner of the Masters, and the first player in 156 years of championship golf to go wire-to-wire in successive years in a major. And it looked inevitable when he ran off four straight birdies to end the front nine and build a five-shot lead.
This didn't look like one of those Masters that would start on the back nine Sunday.
But it did – quickly.
Spieth made bogey from the bunker on No. 10. A tee shot into the trees on the 11th, missing an 8-foot par putt. He still had a two-shot lead and only needed to get past the dangerous par-3 12th to settle himself, especially with two par 5s in front of him.
His 9-iron sailed to the right, bounded off the slope and into the water. His wedge from the drop area was fat, and Spieth turned his head as the ball plopped into the water again. He had to get up-and-down from a bunker just to make a quadruple-bogey 7.
"It was a lack of discipline to hit it over the bunker coming off two bogeys, instead of recognizing I was still leading the Masters," Spieth said.
The turnaround left him dazed. Spieth was five shots ahead on the 10th tee and three shots behind when he walked to the 13th tee.
Willett poured it on with a shot into the 14th to about 4 feet, and a tee shot on the par-3 16th to 7 feet for a birdie that stretched his lead. Spieth still had a chance when he birdied both par 5s to get within two shots, and then hit his tee shot to 8 feet behind the hole on the 16th. But he missed the birdie putt, and when he hit into a bunker and failed to save par on the 17th, it was over.
Spieth had led after seven straight rounds at the Masters, a streak that ended in a most cruel fashion. He shot 41 on the back nine for a 73, and was runner-up for the second time in three years.
Lee Westwood, playing with Willett, closed with a 69. He made eagle on the 15th hole to get within one shot of the lead, and then three-putted the 16th hole to fall away. Westwood has played in 72 majors without winning.
Dustin Johnson also had an outside chance, even after four putts for a double bogey on the fifth hole. He missed eagle putts from 15 feet and 20 feet on the par 5s on the back nine, and then took double bogey on the 17th. Johnson closed with a 71 and tied for fourth with Paul Casey (67) and J.B. Holmes (68).
Smylie Kaufman, one shot out of the lead in his Masters debut, closed with an 81.
Willett moves to No. 9 in the world. He once was the leading amateur in the world, only for his professional career to be slowed by back injuries. But he began to show his form on a big stage last year in the Match Play, and by winning in Dubai this year.
Copyright (2016) Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. This article was written by Doug Ferguson from The Associated Press and was legally licensed through the NewsCred publisher network.


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Date: Saturday 11 January 2025
Time: 07:30am
Place: SOSSC Clubhouse 368 Pound Road Madison
Please verify based on trail conditions as the season may have started!
Trail work party, meet at the club house between 7:00 & 7:30 for breakfast trail work to start around 8 am unless previously indicated that week to meet elsewhere. This is a great way to help the club out and maintain our trails!
Details of the work for the day will come via e-mail from our vertical response system or will be explained that day. The club has tools however any hand tools, saws, etc are welcome. Dress for the weather that day and for work in the woods. Jobs may include but not limited to bridge work, tree and brush removal, seeding, chipping and stump removal.
If you do not receive the e-mails each week (usually on Wednesday) and want to please let us know. In most cases we will have info on what we are doing for the e-mail. Send your info to the club e-mail @ firstname.lastname@example.com
Thank you and we look forward to having you there!


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House Hunting in One Day: 6 Tips for Maximizing Your Time
In the ideal home-buying scenario, attending open houses and pinpointing the perfect place is a breeze. But in a seller's market, finding a home is no small feat, which is why it's important to make the most of the time you spend touring houses. Since most open houses happen on the weekend, you'll need to do some prep work to manage your time wisely, so you don't waste the better parts of your Saturdays and Sundays. We've got you covered with these tips to help you make your home search as productive as it can be.
1. Get pre-approved for a mortgage
Do not start touring houses before you are pre-approved for a mortgage. Not only will this crystallize exactly the price range you should be considering, but it will solidify your status as a serious buyer when the time eventually comes to make an offer, says Spencer Chambers, real estate expert and owner of the Chambers Organization in Newport Beach, CA.
2. Clarify which amenities matter most
You won't be able to zero in on the right property if your wish list is a mile long or too vague. "Make a list of your absolute necessities and another of your wants; together, these will become your guide on which houses you'll look at, based on the boxes they check," Chambers says.
Beyond the physical house, brainstorm other variables that will help you narrow down the neighborhood: school district, walkability, proximity to downtown, etc. "Think about what you like to do on the weekend and what you need access to," says Wendy Hooper with Coast Realty Services in Newport Beach, CA. Do you love dining out? Is a thriving music scene important? Do you need to live in a top-notch school district? "All of these factors help narrow communities quickly," Hooper says.
Finally, if you'll be commuting, check out typical drive times during the hours you'll be on the road, using Google Maps or Waze. "Just because a property is near a highway doesn't mean you'll have smooth sailing if the highway is clogged with daily bumper-to-bumper traffic," notes Chris Taylor, a broker and investment property specialist with Advantage Real Estate in Boston, MA.
3. Find a savvy real estate agent
Once you are clear on your parameters, it's time to start touring these homes. You'll really want a real estate agent who knows the area. One way to find one is to start perusing listings in your preferred location and see what names keep popping up; they are likely to be the local experts. In many instances, they will be familiar with the homes for sale, and they may even catch wind of homes that are about to hit the market, so you can have a first look.
The goal is for your real estate agent to help you whittle down the list of homes you like online to a handful you'll tour in person during the weekend.
4. Plan your route wisely
Once you've settled on the houses you'll tour that day, have your agent create an itinerary of the most efficient route to see them. Grouping properties by neighborhood helps clients get their bearings on relative distances and a feel for what each neighborhood offers, says real estate agent Jake Tasharski with Center Coast Realty in Chicago.
However, if you're short on time, Taylor recommends prioritizing by preference to make sure you're able to see your top prospects. Or front-load your schedule with the newest listings, since those are the hottest homes that other buyers are eager to tour.
5. Take notes (and photos) as you go
When you are touring many houses in one day, they are naturally going to blend together. To keep them all straight, take plenty of photos—at least one of each room—and take notes of anything you notice, both positive and negative. Spencer also recommends giving each house a nickname, something that stands out to you, so that you can easily remember it.
Remember, this is the time to be judgy. Tasharski encourages clients to eliminate homes as they go by comparing each current home to the previous showing, and to their favorite home so far. "Seeing so many properties in a short amount of time can get overwhelming, so if my client knows a home they just saw isn't 'the one,' we throw that listing sheet away, so it's out of sight and out of mind."
6. Block out the last half of the afternoon to revisit your top choices
If at all possible, leave the final hour to revisit your favorite properties. Still have extra time? Get to know the neighborhood. enjoy a snack or cocktail in a local bistro, and soak up your new neighborhood vibe, Taylor suggests. You've earned it.
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PowerShot A470[]
CHDK is available for the A470 with firmware version 1.00E, 1.01A, 1.01B and 1.02C as BETA version from the Download page
Reviews: Steve's digicams, DigitalCameraReview, DPReview
Sample Pictures: Forum thread
Technical data[]
- Sensor: 7.1 Megapixel, 1/2.5-inch CCD type Sony ICX629(?)
- Digic III image processor
- DryOS operating system
- Video Signal Processor: Sanyo LA7437 (TV-Out)
- Lens: 38-132mm, 3.4x optical zoom, F/3.0-F/5.8 ND Filter (no aperture)
- Display: 2.5" with 115,000 dots resolution
- Storage: SD, SDHC, MMC, MMC Plus Card, HC MMC Plus Card
- Power: 2x AA-size Batteries, approx. 400 shots (CIPA)
- Dimensions: 4.13 x 2.17 x 1.60 inch (104.8 x 55.1 x 40.7mm), Weight: 5.82 oz. (165g) without batteries
- For more information about the US version of this camera, see this page.
- Canon A470 specification from dpreview.
Firmware information[]
There are four known firmware versions 1.00e, 1.01a, 1.01b, and 1.02c.
Per the CHDK FAQ 1.3
Without having USB connected to PC, power on in PLAY mode with ver.req file on SD card, press and hold FUNCSET, press ZOOM OUT to reveal the firmware version. For example:
Canon PowerShot A470 P-ID:317A NT D Firmware Ver GM1.01B NoError Feb 12 2008 21:18:24
A subsequent press of ZOOM OUT (while still holding FUNCSET) reveals (for example):
Adj Ver.010.004
If you power on in PLAY mode without ver.req on the SD card and press the FUNCSET and ZOOM OUT buttons simultaneously, the screen shows:
Firmware Ver. 126.96.36.199 [ OK ]
Subsequent presses of ZOOM OUT have no effect. One must press FUNCSET to clear the screen (i.e. answer the OK).
Using the filename vers.req with the above sequence will replace the IS Firm version output with the total number of shots taken by the camera to date.
Language Interface[]
Set mode switch to PLAYBACK. Hold down FUNCSET and press MENU, this will brings up a menu where you can change the language interface for the camera. Use the direction button to select the language and press FUNCSET to accept the selection.
Other button sequences don't seem to do anything.
CHDK Specialties[]
This section describes special CHDK-related things...
- Starting with CHDK 1.2 (r2498), the On/Off button can optionally be used in <Alt> mode as Display button replacement (CHDK Settings -> ON/OFF button in <ALT> mode)
For developers[]
Firmware Update Menu Item[]
Create a file called PS.FI2 on the root of the SD card, power the A470 on in Play mode, and press the menu button.
The menu now shows an extra option:
Firm Update...
Firmware Dumps[]
- Note: These firmware dumps are useful for developers only.
- Discussion & dumping the A470: forum link: Dumping the A470
- A470 firmware 1.00E: zShare link
- A470 firmware 1.01A: dl link
- A470 firmware 1.01B: dl link (dumped with the new udumper 2008)
- A470 firmware 1.02C: dl link, another dump: RS link, idb version[1]
Download location for firmware dumps: |
LED addresses[]
0xC0220080 AF LED 0xC0220084 Blue LED 0xC0220088 Orange state LED 0xC022008C Green state LED
- Forum porting thread (beta versions are available from the Download page): Link: A470 Porting
Note about the different Firmwares[]
Cameras with the 1.01a firmware can/must use the CHDK version for 1.01b - the autobuild already just copies this, so when you have a 1.01a cam you will find YOUR version in the autobuild. Development is happening in the 1.01b tree, then compiled and just renamed for the 1.01a people.


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Press Releases
Committee Approves Transparent Airfares Act and Bill to Curb EPA OverreachThe House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee today approved a bill to restore transparency to the advertising of U.S. airline ticket prices and ensure that airfare advertisements are not forced to hide the costs of government from consumers. The Committee also passed a bill to clarify that the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) does not have the authority to revoke a federal permit which has already been issued. The Committee approved the following two measures: The Transparent Airfares Act of 2014 (H.R. 4156) was introduced in the House by Transportation and Infrastructure Committee Chairman Bill Shuster (R-PA), senior Committee Member Peter DeFazio (D-OR), U.S. Rep. Tom Graves (R-GA), Transportation Committee Ranking Member Nick J. Rahall, II (D-WV), Aviation Subcommittee Chairman Frank LoBiondo (R-NJ), and Aviation Subcommittee Ranking Member Rick Larsen (D-WA). H.R. 4156 returns transparency to U.S. airline fare advertising by allowing advertisements for passenger air travel to state the base airfare and separately disclose any government imposed taxes and fees and the total cost of travel. Government imposed taxes and fees constitute approximately $63, or 21 percent, of the cost of a typical $300 domestic roundtrip ticket. "Most consumer products are advertised at a base price, with taxes added at the point of purchase, but federal regulations unfairly changed advertising rules for airfares by requiring all taxes and fees to be included in the advertised price of a ticket," said Shuster and DeFazio. "These regulations actually hide the cost of government from consumers. This common sense bill will allow flyers to see the full breakdown of their ticket costs, so they'll know what they're paying for the service, and what they're paying in government imposed taxes and fees." H.R. 524 was introduced in the House by U.S. Rep. David McKinley (R-WV). The bill addresses EPA's extraordinary action of revoking a federal permit which had been issued years prior and setting a disturbing precedent that could have dramatic economic impacts. In 2007, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers issued a Clean Water Act permit for the Spruce No. 1 Mine project in West Virginia. EPA raised objections prior to that, but allowed the permit to go forward. However, in September 2009, the Obama Administration informed the Corps it planned to revoke parts of the permit, and finalized the revocation in January 2011. A district court judge issued an opinion in 2012 that accused the EPA of resorting to "magical thinking" to justify its logic for retroactively vetoing the project. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit overturned the district court ruling last April, and last month the U.S. Supreme Court determined it would not review the 2013 Appeals Court decision. "Allowing the EPA to revoke a federally approved permit for this coal mine sets a dangerous precedent for any other existing or future mine, construction site, manufacturing plant, or anything else requiring a permit," said Shuster and Water Resources and Environment Subcommittee Chairman Bob Gibbs (R-OH). "What good is a permit if it was properly obtained but can still be revoked at any time by an overreaching EPA? If unchecked, this abuse of authority and regulatory uncertainty could have a devastating impact on economic growth, competiveness, and jobs." More information, including video of today's proceedings, is available here. # # # |