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C-130 Hercules | |
Role | Tactical airlifter |
National origin | United States |
Manufacturer | Lockheed Lockheed Martin |
First flight | 23 August 1954 |
Status | In service |
Primary users | United States Air Force Royal Netherlands Air Force United States Marine Corps Royal Air Force Royal Australian Air Force |
Produced | 1954–present |
Number built | Over 2,500 as of 2015[1] |
Unit cost | |
Variants | AC-130 Spectre/Spooky Lockheed DC-130 Lockheed EC-130 Lockheed HC-130 Lockheed Martin KC-130 Lockheed LC-130 Lockheed MC-130 Lockheed WC-130 Lockheed L-100 Hercules Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules |
The Lockheed C-130 Hercules is a four-engine turboprop military transport aircraft designed and built originally by Lockheed (now Lockheed Martin). Capable of using short and unprepared runways for takeoffs and landings, the C-130 was originally designed as a troop, medevac, and cargo transport aircraft. The versatile airframe has found uses in a variety of other roles, including as a gunship (AC-130), for airborne assault, search and rescue, scientific research support, weather reconnaissance, aerial refueling, maritime patrol, and aerial firefighting. It is now the main tactical airlifter for many military forces worldwide. More than 40 variants of the Hercules, including a civilian one marketed as the Lockheed L-100, operate in more than 60 nations.
The C-130 entered service with the U.S. in the 1950s, followed by Australia and many other nations. During its years of service, the Hercules family has participated in numerous military, civilian and humanitarian aid operations. In 2007, the C-130 became the fifth aircraft[N 1] to mark 50 years of continuous service with its original primary customer, which is the United States Air Force for the C-130.[citation needed] The C-130 Hercules is the longest continuously produced military aircraft at over 60 years, with the updated Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules currently being produced.[4]
Design and development[]
Background and requirements[]
The Korean War showed that World War II-era piston-engine transports—Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcars, Douglas C-47 Skytrains and Curtiss C-46 Commandos—were no longer adequate. Thus, on 2 February 1951, the United States Air Force issued a General Operating Requirement (GOR) for a new transport to Boeing, Douglas, Fairchild, Lockheed, Martin, Chase Aircraft, North American, Northrop, and Airlifts Inc. The new transport would have a capacity of 92 passengers, 72 combat troops or 64 paratroopers in a cargo compartment that was approximately 41 feet (12 m) long, 9 feet (2.7 m) high, and 10 feet (3.0 m) wide. Unlike transports derived from passenger airliners, it was to be designed specifically as a combat transport with loading from a hinged loading ramp at the rear of the fuselage.
A key feature was the introduction of the Allison T56 turboprop powerplant, which was developed for the C-130. At the time, the turboprop was a new application of gas turbines, which offered greater range at propeller-driven speeds compared to pure turbojets, which were faster but consumed more fuel. They also produced much more power for their weight than piston engines.
Design phase[]
The Hercules resembled a larger four-engine brother to the C-123 Provider with a similar wing and cargo ramp layout that evolved from the Chase XCG-20 Avitruc, which in turn, was first designed and flown as a cargo glider in 1947.[5] The Boeing C-97 Stratofreighter also had a rear ramp, which made it possible to drive vehicles onto the plane (also possible with forward ramp on a C-124). The ramp on the Hercules was also used to airdrop cargo, which included low-altitude extraction for Sheridan tanks and even dropping large improvised "daisy cutter" bombs.
The new Lockheed cargo plane design possessed a range of 1,100 nmi (1,270 mi; 2,040 km), takeoff capability from short and unprepared strips, and the ability to fly with one engine shut down. Fairchild, North American, Martin, and Northrop declined to participate. The remaining five companies tendered a total of ten designs: Lockheed two, Boeing one, Chase three, Douglas three, and Airlifts Inc. one. The contest was a close affair between the lighter of the two Lockheed (preliminary project designation L-206) proposals and a four-turboprop Douglas design.
The Lockheed design team was led by Willis Hawkins, starting with a 130-page proposal for the Lockheed L-206.[6] Hall Hibbard, Lockheed vice president and chief engineer, saw the proposal and directed it to Kelly Johnson, who did not care for the low-speed, unarmed aircraft, and remarked, "If you sign that letter, you will destroy the Lockheed Company."[6] Both Hibbard and Johnson signed the proposal and the company won the contract for the now-designated Model 82 on 2 July 1951.[7]
The first flight of the YC-130 prototype was made on 23 August 1954 from the Lockheed plant in Burbank, California. The aircraft, serial number 53-3397, was the second prototype, but the first of the two to fly. The YC-130 was piloted by Stanley Beltz and Roy Wimmer on its 61-minute flight to Edwards Air Force Base; Jack Real and Dick Stanton served as flight engineers. Kelly Johnson flew chase in a Lockheed P2V Neptune.[8]
After the two prototypes were completed, production began in Marietta, Georgia, where over 2,300 C-130s have been built through 2009.[9]
The initial production model, the C-130A, was powered by Allison T56-A-9 turboprops with three-blade propellers and originally equipped with the blunt nose of the prototypes. Deliveries began in December 1956, continuing until the introduction of the C-130B model in 1959. Some A-models were equipped with skis and re-designated C-130D. As the C-130A became operational with Tactical Air Command (TAC), the C-130's lack of range became apparent and additional fuel capacity was added in the form of external pylon-mounted tanks at the end of the wings.
Improved versions[]
The C-130B model was developed to complement the A-models that had previously been delivered, and incorporated new features, particularly increased fuel capacity in the form of auxiliary tanks built into the center wing section and an AC electrical system. Four-bladed Hamilton Standard propellers replaced the Aeroproducts three-blade propellers that distinguished the earlier A-models. The C-130B had ailerons with boost increased from 2,050 psi (14.1 MPa) to 3,000 psi (21 MPa), as well as uprated engines and four-blade propellers that were standard until the J-model's introduction.
An electronic reconnaissance variant of the C-130B was designated C-130B-II. A total of 13 aircraft were converted. The C-130B-II was distinguished by its false external wing fuel tanks, which were disguised signals intelligence (SIGINT) receiver antennas. These pods were slightly larger than the standard wing tanks found on other C-130Bs. Most aircraft featured a swept blade antenna on the upper fuselage, as well as extra wire antennas between the vertical fin and upper fuselage not found on other C-130s. Radio call numbers on the tail of these aircraft were regularly changed so as to confuse observers and disguise their true mission.
The extended-range C-130E model entered service in 1962 after it was developed as an interim long-range transport for the Military Air Transport Service. Essentially a B-model, the new designation was the result of the installation of 1,360 US gal (5,150 L) Sargent Fletcher external fuel tanks under each wing's midsection and more powerful Allison T56-A-7A turboprops. The hydraulic boost pressure to the ailerons was reduced back to 2,050 psi (14.1 MPa) as a consequence of the external tanks' weight in the middle of the wingspan. The E model also featured structural improvements, avionics upgrades and a higher gross weight. Australia took delivery of 12 C130E Hercules during 1966–67 to supplement the 12 C-130A models already in service with the RAAF. Sweden and Spain fly the TP-84T version of the C-130E fitted for aerial refueling capability.
The KC-130 tankers, originally C-130F procured for the US Marine Corps (USMC) in 1958 (under the designation GV-1) are equipped with a removable 3,600 US gal (13,626 L) stainless steel fuel tank carried inside the cargo compartment. The two wing-mounted hose and drogue aerial refueling pods each transfer up to 300 US gal per minute (19 L per second) to two aircraft simultaneously, allowing for rapid cycle times of multiple-receiver aircraft formations, (a typical tanker formation of four aircraft in less than 30 minutes). The US Navy's C-130G has increased structural strength allowing higher gross weight operation.
Further developments[]
The C-130H model has updated Allison T56-A-15 turboprops, a redesigned outer wing, updated avionics and other minor improvements. Later H models had a new, fatigue-life-improved, center wing that was retrofitted to many earlier H-models. For structural reasons, some models are required to land with certain amounts of fuel when carrying heavy cargo, reducing usable range.[10] The H model remains in widespread use with the United States Air Force (USAF) and many foreign air forces. Initial deliveries began in 1964 (to the RNZAF), remaining in production until 1996. An improved C-130H was introduced in 1974, with Australia purchasing 12 of type in 1978 to replace the original 12 C-130A models, which had first entered RAAF Service in 1958. The U.S. Coast Guard employs the HC-130H for long-range search and rescue, drug interdiction, illegal migrant patrols, homeland security, and logistics.
C-130H models produced from 1992 to 1996 were designated as C-130H3 by the USAF. The "3" denoting the third variation in design for the H series. Improvements included ring laser gyros for the INUs, GPS receivers, a partial glass cockpit (ADI and HSI instruments), a more capable APN-241 color radar, night vision device compatible instrument lighting, and an integrated radar and missile warning system. The electrical system upgrade included Generator Control Units (GCU) and Bus Switching units (BSU) to provide stable power to the more sensitive upgraded components.[11]
The equivalent model for export to the UK is the C-130K, known by the Royal Air Force (RAF) as the Hercules C.1. The C-130H-30 (Hercules C.3 in RAF service) is a stretched version of the original Hercules, achieved by inserting a 100 in (2.54 m) plug aft of the cockpit and an 80 in (2.03 m) plug at the rear of the fuselage. A single C-130K was purchased by the Met Office for use by its Meteorological Research Flight, where it was classified as the Hercules W.2. This aircraft was heavily modified (with its most prominent feature being the long red and white striped atmospheric probe on the nose and the move of the weather radar into a pod above the forward fuselage). This aircraft, named Snoopy, was withdrawn in 2001 and was then modified by Marshall of Cambridge Aerospace as flight-testbed for the A400M turbine engine, the TP400. The C-130K is used by the RAF Falcons for parachute drops. Three C-130K (Hercules C Mk.1P) were upgraded and sold to the Austrian Air Force in 2002.[12]
Enhanced models[]
The MC-130E Combat Talon was developed for the USAF during the Vietnam War to support special operations missions in Southeast Asia, and led to both the MC-130H Combat Talon II as well as a family of other special missions aircraft. 37 of the earliest models currently operating with the Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC) are scheduled to be replaced by new-production MC-130J versions. The EC-130 Commando Solo is another special missions variant within AFSOC, albeit operated solely by an AFSOC-gained wing in the Pennsylvania Air National Guard, and is a psychological operations/information operations (PSYOP/IO) platform equipped as an aerial radio station and television stations able to transmit messaging over commercial frequencies. Other versions of the EC-130, most notably the EC-130H Compass Call, are also special variants, but are assigned to the Air Combat Command (ACC). The AC-130 gunship was first developed during the Vietnam War to provide close air support and other ground-attack duties.
The HC-130 is a family of long-range search and rescue variants used by the USAF and the U.S. Coast Guard. Equipped for deep deployment of Pararescuemen (PJs), survival equipment, and (in the case of USAF versions) aerial refueling of combat rescue helicopters, HC-130s are usually the on-scene command aircraft for combat SAR missions (USAF only) and non-combat SAR (USAF and USCG). Early USAF versions were also equipped with the Fulton surface-to-air recovery system, designed to pull a person off the ground using a wire strung from a helium balloon. The John Wayne movie The Green Berets features its use. The Fulton system was later removed when aerial refueling of helicopters proved safer and more versatile. The movie The Perfect Storm depicts a real life SAR mission involving aerial refueling of a New York Air National Guard HH-60G by a New York Air National Guard HC-130P.
The C-130R and C-130T are U.S. Navy and USMC models, both equipped with underwing external fuel tanks. The USN C-130T is similar, but has additional avionics improvements. In both models, aircraft are equipped with Allison T56-A-16 engines. The USMC versions are designated KC-130R or KC-130T when equipped with underwing refueling pods and pylons and are fully night vision system compatible.
The RC-130 is a reconnaissance version. A single example is used by the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force, the aircraft having originally been sold to the former Imperial Iranian Air Force.
The Lockheed L-100 (L-382) is a civilian variant, equivalent to a C-130E model without military equipment. The L-100 also has two stretched versions.
Next generation[]
In the 1970s, Lockheed proposed a C-130 variant with turbofan engines rather than turboprops, but the U.S. Air Force preferred the takeoff performance of the existing aircraft. In the 1980s, the C-130 was intended to be replaced by the Advanced Medium STOL Transport project. The project was canceled and the C-130 has remained in production.
Building on lessons learned, Lockheed Martin modified a commercial variant of the C-130 into a High Technology Test Bed (HTTB). This test aircraft set numerous short takeoff and landing performance records and significantly expanded the database for future derivatives of the C-130.[13] Modifications made to the HTTB included extended chord ailerons, a long chord rudder, fast-acting double-slotted trailing edge flaps, a high-camber wing leading edge extension, a larger dorsal fin and dorsal fins, the addition of three spoiler panels to each wing upper surface, a long-stroke main and nose landing gear system, and changes to the flight controls and a change from direct mechanical linkages assisted by hydraulic boost, to fully powered controls, in which the mechanical linkages from the flight station controls operated only the hydraulic control valves of the appropriate boost unit.[14] The HTTB first flew on 19 June 1984, with civil registration of N130X. After demonstrating many new technologies, some of which were applied to the C-130J, the HTTB was lost in a fatal accident on 3 February 1993, at Dobbins Air Reserve Base, in Marietta, Georgia.[15] The crash was attributed to disengagement of the rudder fly-by-wire flight control system, resulting in a total loss of rudder control capability while conducting ground minimum control speed tests (Vmcg). The disengagement was a result of the inadequate design of the rudder's integrated actuator package by its manufacturer; the operator's insufficient system safety review failed to consider the consequences of the inadequate design to all operating regimes. A factor which contributed to the accident was the flight crew's lack of engineering flight test training.[16]
In the 1990s, the improved C-130J Super Hercules was developed by Lockheed (later Lockheed Martin). This model is the newest version and the only model in production. Externally similar to the classic Hercules in general appearance, the J model has new turboprop engines, six-bladed propellers, digital avionics, and other new systems.[17]
Upgrades and changes[]
In 2000, Boeing was awarded a US$1.4 billion contract to develop an Avionics Modernization Program kit for the C-130. The program was beset with delays and cost overruns until project restructuring in 2007.[18] On 2 September 2009, Bloomberg news reported that the planned Avionics Modernization Program (AMP) upgrade to the older C-130s would be dropped to provide more funds for the F-35, CV-22 and airborne tanker replacement programs.[19] However, in June 2010, Department of Defense approved funding for the initial production of the AMP upgrade kits.[20][21] Under the terms of this agreement, the USAF has cleared Boeing to begin low-rate initial production (LRIP) for the C-130 AMP. A total of 198 aircraft are expected to feature the AMP upgrade. The current cost per aircraft is US$14 million although Boeing expects that this price will drop to US$7 million for the 69th aircraft.[18]
In the 2000s, Lockheed Martin and the U.S. Air Force began outfitting and retrofitting C-130s with the eight-blade UTC Aerospace Systems NP2000 propellers.[22]
An engine enhancement program saving fuel and providing lower temperatures in the T56 engine has been approved, and the US Air Force expects to save $2 billion and extend the fleet life.[23]
In October 2010, the Air Force released a capabilities request for information (CRFI) for the development of a new airlifter to replace the C-130. The new aircraft is to carry a 190 percent greater payload and assume the mission of mounted vertical maneuver (MVM). The greater payload and mission would enable it to carry medium-weight armored vehicles and drop them off at locations without long runways. Various options are being considered, including new or upgraded fixed-wing designs, rotorcraft, tiltrotors, or even an airship. Development could start in 2014, and become operational by 2024. The C-130 fleet of around 450 planes would be replaced by only 250 aircraft.[24] The Air Force had attempted to replace the C-130 in the 1970s through the Advanced Medium STOL Transport project, which resulted in the C-17 Globemaster III that instead replaced the C-141 Starlifter.[25] The Air Force Research Laboratory funded Lockheed and Boeing demonstrators for the Speed Agile concept, which had the goal of making a STOL aircraft that can take off and land at speeds as low as 70 kn (130 km/h; 81 mph) on airfields less than 2,000 ft (610 m) long and cruise at Mach 0.8-plus. Boeing's design used upper-surface blowing from embedded engines on the inboard wing and blown flaps for circulation control on the outboard wing. Lockheed's design also used blown flaps outboard, but inboard used patented reversing ejector nozzles. Boeing's design completed over 2,000 hours of windtunnel tests in late 2009. It was a 5 percent-scale model of a narrowbody design with a 55,000 lb (25,000 kg) payload. When the AFRL increased the payload requirement to 65,000 lb (29,000 kg), they tested a 5% scale model of a widebody design with a 303,000 lb (137,000 kg) take-off gross weight and an "A400M-size" 158 in (4.0 m) wide cargo box. It would be powered by four IAE V2533 turbofans.[26] In August 2011, the AFRL released pictures of the Lockheed Speed Agile concept demonstrator. A 23% scale model went through wind tunnel tests to demonstrate its hybrid powered lift, which combines a low drag airframe with simple mechanical assembly to reduce weight and better aerodynamics. The model had four engines, including two Williams FJ44 turbofans.[25][27] On 26 March 2013, Boeing was granted a patent for its swept-wing powered lift aircraft.[28]
As of January 2014, Air Mobility Command, Air Force Materiel Command and the Air Force Research Lab are in the early stages of defining requirements for the C-X next generation airlifter program to replace both the C-130 and C-17. An aircraft would be produced from the early 2030s to the 2040s. If requirements are decided for operating in contested airspace, Air Force procurement of C-130s would end by the end of the decade to not have them serviceable by the 2030s and operated when they cannot perform in that environment. Development of the airlifter depends heavily on the Army's "tactical and operational maneuver" plans. Two different cargo planes could still be created to separately perform tactical and strategic missions, but which course to pursue is to be decided before C-17s need to be retired.[29]
Operational history[]
The first batch of C-130A production aircraft were delivered beginning in 1956 to the 463d Troop Carrier Wing at Ardmore AFB, Oklahoma and the 314th Troop Carrier Wing at Sewart AFB, Tennessee. Six additional squadrons were assigned to the 322d Air Division in Europe and the 315th Air Division in the Far East. Additional aircraft were modified for electronics intelligence work and assigned to Rhein-Main Air Base, Germany while modified RC-130As were assigned to the Military Air Transport Service (MATS) photo-mapping division.
In 1958, a U.S. reconnaissance C-130A-II of the 7406th Support Squadron was shot down over Armenia by four Soviet MiG-17s along the Turkish-Armenian border during a routine mission.[30]
Australia became the first non-American force to operate the C-130A Hercules with 12 examples being delivered from late 1958. The Royal Canadian Air Force became another early user with the delivery of four B-models (Canadian designation C-130 Mk I) in October / November 1960.[31]
In 1963, a Hercules achieved and still holds the record for the largest and heaviest aircraft to land on an aircraft carrier.[32] During October and November that year, a USMC KC-130F (BuNo 149798), loaned to the U.S. Naval Air Test Center, made 29 touch-and-go landings, 21 unarrested full-stop landings and 21 unassisted take-offs on Forrestal at a number of different weights.[33][34] The pilot, Lieutenant (later Rear Admiral) James H. Flatley III, USN, was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross for his role in this test series. The tests were highly successful, but the idea was considered too risky for routine carrier onboard delivery (COD) operations. Instead, the Grumman C-2 Greyhound was developed as a dedicated COD aircraft. The Hercules used in the test, most recently in service with Marine Aerial Refueler Squadron 352 (VMGR-352) until 2005, is now part of the collection of the National Museum of Naval Aviation at NAS Pensacola, Florida.
In 1964, C-130 crews from the 6315th Operations Group at Naha Air Base, Okinawa commenced forward air control (FAC; "Flare") missions over the Ho Chi Minh Trail in Laos supporting USAF strike aircraft. In April 1965 the mission was expanded to North Vietnam where C-130 crews led formations of Martin B-57 Canberra bombers on night reconnaissance/strike missions against communist supply routes leading to South Vietnam. In early 1966 Project Blind Bat/Lamplighter was established at Ubon Royal Thai Air Force Base, Thailand. After the move to Ubon, the mission became a four-engine FAC mission with the C-130 crew searching for targets then calling in strike aircraft. Another little-known C-130 mission flown by Naha-based crews was Operation Commando Scarf, which involved the delivery of chemicals onto sections of the Ho Chi Minh Trail in Laos that were designed to produce mud and landslides in hopes of making the truck routes impassable.[citation needed]
In November 1964, on the other side of the globe, C-130Es from the 464th Troop Carrier Wing but loaned to 322d Air Division in France, took part in Operation Dragon Rouge, one of the most dramatic missions in history in the former Belgian Congo. After communist Simba rebels took white residents of the city of Stanleyville hostage, the U.S. and Belgium developed a joint rescue mission that used the C-130s to drop, air-land and air-lift a force of Belgian paratroopers to rescue the hostages. Two missions were flown, one over Stanleyville and another over Paulis during Thanksgiving weeks.[35] The headline-making mission resulted in the first award of the prestigious MacKay Trophy to C-130 crews.
In the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, as a desperate measure the transport No. 6 Squadron of the Pakistan Air Force modified its entire small fleet of C-130Bs for use as heavy bombers, capable of carrying up to 20,000 lb (9,072 kg) of bombs on pallets. These improvised bombers were used to hit Indian targets such as bridges, heavy artillery positions, tank formations and troop concentrations.[36][37] Some C-130s even flew with anti-aircraft guns fitted on their ramp, apparently shooting down some 17 aircraft and damaging 16 others.[38]
In October 1968, a C-130Bs from the 463rd Tactical Airlift Wing dropped a pair of M-121 10,000-pound bombs that had been developed for the massive Convair B-36 Peacemaker bomber but had never been used. The U.S. Army and U.S. Air Force resurrected the huge weapons as a means of clearing landing zones for helicopters and in early 1969 the 463rd commenced Commando Vault missions. Although the stated purpose of COMMANDO VAULT was to clear LZs, they were also used on enemy base camps and other targets.[citation needed]
During the late 1960s, the U.S. was eager to get information on Chinese nuclear capabilities. After the failure of the Black Cat Squadron to plant operating sensor pods near the Lop Nur Nuclear Weapons Test Base using a Lockheed U-2, the CIA developed a plan, named Heavy Tea, to deploy two battery-powered sensor pallets near the base. To deploy the pallets, a Black Bat Squadron crew was trained in the U.S. to fly the C-130 Hercules. The crew of 12, led by Col Sun Pei Zhen, took off from Takhli Royal Thai Air Force Base in an unmarked U.S. Air Force C-130E on 17 May 1969. Flying for six and a half hours at low altitude in the dark, they arrived over the target and the sensor pallets were dropped by parachute near Anxi in Gansu province. After another six and a half hours of low altitude flight, they arrived back at Takhli. The sensors worked and uploaded data to a U.S. intelligence satellite for six months before their batteries failed. The Chinese conducted two nuclear tests, on 22 September 1969 and 29 September 1969, during the operating life of the sensor pallets. Another mission to the area was planned as Operation Golden Whip, but was called off in 1970.[39] It is most likely that the aircraft used on this mission was either C-130E serial number 64-0506 or 64-0507 (cn 382-3990 and 382-3991). These two aircraft were delivered to Air America in 1964.[40] After being returned to the U.S. Air Force sometime between 1966 and 1970, they were assigned the serial numbers of C-130s that had been destroyed in accidents. 64-0506 is now flying as 62-1843, a C-130E that crashed in Vietnam on 20 December 1965 and 64-0507 is now flying as 63-7785, a C-130E that had crashed in Vietnam on 17 June 1966.[41]
The A-model continued in service through the Vietnam War, where the aircraft assigned to the four squadrons at Naha AB, Okinawa and one at Tachikawa Air Base, Japan performed yeoman's service, including operating highly classified special operations missions such as the BLIND BAT FAC/Flare mission and FACT SHEET leaflet mission over Laos and North Vietnam. The A-model was also provided to the Republic of Vietnam Air Force as part of the Vietnamization program at the end of the war, and equipped three squadrons based at Tan Son Nhut AFB. The last operator in the world is the Honduran Air Force, which is still flying one of five A model Hercules (FAH 558, c/n 3042) as of October 2009.[42] As the Vietnam War wound down, the 463rd Troop Carrier/Tactical Airlift Wing B-models and A-models of the 374th Tactical Airlift Wing were transferred back to the United States where most were assigned to Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard units.
Another prominent role for the B model was with the United States Marine Corps, where Hercules initially designated as GV-1s replaced C-119s. After Air Force C-130Ds proved the type's usefulness in Antarctica, the U.S. Navy purchased a number of B-models equipped with skis that were designated as LC-130s. C-130B-II electronic reconnaissance aircraft were operated under the SUN VALLEY program name primarily from Yokota Air Base, Japan. All reverted to standard C-130B cargo aircraft after their replacement in the reconnaissance role by other aircraft.
The C-130 was also used in the 1976 Entebbe raid in which Israeli commando forces carried a surprise assault to rescue 103 passengers of an airliner hijacked by Palestinian and German terrorists at Entebbe Airport, Uganda. The rescue force—200 soldiers, jeeps, and a black Mercedes-Benz (intended to resemble Ugandan Dictator Idi Amin's vehicle of state)—was flown over 2,200 nmi (4,074 km; 2,532 mi) almost entirely at an altitude of less than 100 ft (30 m) from Israel to Entebbe by four Israeli Air Force (IAF) Hercules aircraft without mid-air refueling (on the way back, the aircraft refueled in Nairobi, Kenya).
During the Falklands War (Spanish language: Guerra de las Malvinas ) of 1982, Argentine Air Force C-130s undertook dangerous re-supply night flights as blockade runners to the Argentine garrison on the Falkland Islands. They also performed daylight maritime survey flights. One was shot down by a Royal Navy Sea Harrier using AIM-9 Sidewinders and cannon. The crew of seven were killed. Argentina also operated two KC-130 tankers during the war, and these refuelled both the Douglas A-4 Skyhawks and Navy Dassault-Breguet Super Étendards; some C-130s were modified to operate as bombers with bomb-racks under their wings. The British also used RAF C-130s to support their logistical operations.
During the Gulf War of 1991 (Operation Desert Storm), the C-130 Hercules was used operationally by the U.S. Air Force, U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps, along with the air forces of Australia, New Zealand, Saudi Arabia, South Korea and the UK. The MC-130 Combat Talon variant also made the first attacks using the largest conventional bombs in the world, the BLU-82 "Daisy Cutter" and GBU-43/B "Massive Ordnance Air Blast" bomb, (MOAB). Daisy Cutters were used to clear landing zones and to eliminate mine fields. The weight and size of the weapons make it impossible or impractical to load them on conventional bombers. The GBU-43/B MOAB is a successor to the BLU-82 and can perform the same function, as well as perform strike functions against hardened targets in a low air threat environment.
Since 1992, two successive C-130 aircraft named Fat Albert have served as the support aircraft for the U.S. Navy Blue Angels flight demonstration team. Fat Albert I was a TC-130G (151891),[43] while Fat Albert II is a C-130T (164763).[44] Although Fat Albert supports a Navy squadron, it is operated by the U.S. Marine Corps (USMC) and its crew consists solely of USMC personnel. At some air shows featuring the team, Fat Albert takes part, performing flyovers. Until 2009, it also demonstrated its rocket-assisted takeoff (RATO) capabilities; these ended due to dwindling supplies of rockets.[45]
The AC-130 also holds the record for the longest sustained flight by a C-130. From 22 to 24 October 1997, two AC-130U gunships flew 36 hours nonstop from Hurlburt Field, Florida to Taegu (Daegu), South Korea, being refuelled seven times by KC-135 tanker aircraft. This record flight beat the previous record longest flight by over 10 hours and the two gunships took on 410,000 lb (190,000 kg) of fuel. The gunship has been used in every major U.S. combat operation since Vietnam, except for Operation El Dorado Canyon, the 1986 attack on Libya.[46]
During the invasion of Afghanistan in 2001 and the ongoing support of the International Security Assistance Force (Operation Enduring Freedom), the C-130 Hercules has been used operationally by Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Italy, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Romania, South Korea, Spain, the UK and the United States.
During the 2003 invasion of Iraq (Operation Iraqi Freedom), the C-130 Hercules was used operationally by Australia, the UK and the United States. After the initial invasion, C-130 operators as part of the Multinational force in Iraq used their C-130s to support their forces in Iraq.
Since 2004, the Pakistan Air Force has employed C-130s in the War in North-West Pakistan. Some variants had forward looking infrared (FLIR Systems Star Safire III EO/IR) sensor balls, to enable close tracking of Islamist militants.[47]
In 2017, France and Germany announced that they are to build up a joint air transport squadron at Evreux Air Base, France, comprising ten C-130J aircraft. Six of these will be operated by Germany. Initial operational capability is expected for 2021 while full operational capability is scheduled for 2024.[48]
The U.S. Forest Service developed the Modular Airborne FireFighting System for the C-130 in the 1970s, which allows regular aircraft to be temporarily converted to an airtanker for fighting wildfires.[49] In the late 1980s, 22 retired USAF C-130As were removed from storage at Davis-Monthan Air Force Base and transferred to the U.S. Forest Service, which then transferred them to six private companies to be converted into air tankers. After one of these aircraft crashed due to wing separation in flight as a result of fatigue stress cracking, the USFS stopped contracting the C-130A for fire fighting. Some operators continue to fly the C-130As for other missions. For example, C-130s were used to spread chemical dispersants onto the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf Coast in 2010.[50]
A recent development of a C-130–based airtanker is the Retardant Aerial Delivery System developed by Coulson Aviation USA. The system consists of a C-130H/Q retrofitted with an in-floor discharge system, combined with a removable 3,500- or 4,000-gallon water tank. The combined system is FAA certified.[51]
Significant military variants of the C-130 include:
- Tactical airlifter basic models
- C-130A-II Dreamboat
- Early version Electronic Intelligence/Signals Intelligence (ELINT/SIGINT) aircraft[52]
- C-130J Super Hercules
- Tactical airlifter, with new engines, avionics, and updated systems
- Designation for RAF Hercules C1/W2/C3 aircraft (C-130Js in RAF service are the Hercules C.4 and Hercules C.5)
- Gunship variants
- Ski-equipped version for snow and ice operations United States Air Force / Air National Guard
- CC-130E/H/J Hercules
- Designation for Canadian Armed Forces / Royal Canadian Air Force Hercules aircraft. U.S. Air Force used the CC-130J designation to differentiate the standard C-130J variant from the "stretched" C-130J (company designation C-130J-30).
- Designation used by the Brazilian Air Force for locally modified / up-graded C-130H aircraft[53]
- USAF and USN Drone control
- EC-130E/J Commando Solo – USAF / Air National Guard psychological operations version
- EC-130E Airborne Battlefield Command and Control Center (ABCCC) – USAF procedural air-to-ground attack control, also provided NRT threat updates
- EC-130E Rivet Rider – Airborne psychological warfare aircraft
- EC-130H Compass Call – Electronic warfare and electronic attack.[54]
- EC-130V – Airborne early warning and control (AEW&C) variant used by USCG for counter-narcotics missions[55]
- Permanently grounded instructional airframes
- HC-130B/E/H – Early model combat search and rescue
- HC-130P/N Combat King – USAF aerial refueling tanker and combat search and rescue
- HC-130J Combat King II – Next generation combat search and rescue tanker
- HC-130H/J – USCG long-range surveillance and search and rescue
- Temporary conversion for flight test operations; Also used to recover film from American spy satellites.
- United States Marine Corps aerial refueling tanker and tactical airlifter
- USAF / Air National Guard – Ski-equipped version for Arctic and Antarctic support operations; LC-130F previously operated by USN
- MC-130E/H Combat Talon I/II – Special operations infiltration/extraction variant
- MC-130W Combat Spear/Dragon Spear – Special operations tanker/gunship[56]
- MC-130P Combat Shadow – Special operations tanker
- MC-130J Commando II (formerly Combat Shadow II) – Special operations tanker Air Force Special Operations Command[57]
- YMC-130H – Modified aircraft under Operation Credible Sport for second Iran hostage crisis rescue attempt
- Permanent conversion for flight test operations
- Maritime patrol
- Surveillance aircraft for reconnaissance
- SC-130J Sea Herc
- Proposed maritime patrol version of the C-130J, designed for coastal surveillance and anti-submarine warfare.[58][59]
- Aircrew training
- VIP transport
- Weather reconnaissance ("Hurricane Hunter") version for USAF / Air Force Reserve Command's 53d Weather Reconnaissance Squadron in support of the National Weather Service's National Hurricane Center
Former operators
The C-130 Hercules has had a low accident rate in general. The Royal Air Force recorded an accident rate of about one aircraft loss per 250,000 flying hours over the last 40 years, placing it behind Vickers VC10s and Lockheed TriStars with no flying losses.[60] USAF C-130A/B/E-models had an overall attrition rate of 5% as of 1989 as compared to 1–2% for commercial airliners in the U.S., according to the NTSB, 10% for B-52 bombers, and 20% for fighters (F-4, F-111), trainers (T-37, T-38), and helicopters (H-3).[61]
A total of 70 aircraft were lost by the U.S. Air Force and the U.S. Marine Corps during combat operations in the Vietnam War in Southeast Asia. By the nature of the Hercules' worldwide service, the pattern of losses provides an interesting barometer of the global hot spots over the past 50 years.[62]
Aircraft on display[]
- C-130B FAA TC-60. ex USAF 61-0964 received on February 1992 now at Museo Nacional de Aeronáutica since September 2011.[63]
- C-130A RAAF A97-214 used by 36 Squadron from early 1959, withdrawn from use late 1978; now at RAAF Museum, RAAF Base Williams, Point Cook.[citation needed]
- C-130E RAAF A97-160 used by 37 Squadron from August 1966, withdrawn from use November 2000; to RAAF Museum, 14 November 2000, cocooned as of September 2005.[64]
- CC-130E RCAF 10313 (later 130313) is on display at the National Air Force Museum of Canada, CFB Trenton[65]
- CC-130E RCAF 130328 is on display at the Greenwood Aviation Museum, CFB Greenwood[citation needed]
- C-130B FAC 1010 (serial number 3521) moved on 14 January 2016 to the Colombian Aerospace Museum in Tocancipá, Cundinamarca, for static display.[66]
- C-130B FAC1011 (serial number 3585, ex 59-1535) preserved at the Colombian Air and Space Museum within CATAM AFB, Bogotá.[67]
- C-130B Indonesian Air Force A-1301 preserved at Sulaeman Airstrip, Bandung. Also occasionally used for Paskhas Training.The airplane is relocated to Air Force Museum in Yogyakarta in 2017.[68]
- C-130H Royal Norwegian Air Force 953 was retired 10 June 2007 and moved to the Air Force museum at Oslo Gardermoen in May 2008.[69]
Saudi Arabia[]
- C-130H RSAF 460 was operated by 4 Squadron Royal Saudi Air Force, December 1974 until January 1987. It was damaged in a fire at Jeddah in December 1989. Restored for ground training by August 1993. At Royal Saudi Air Force Museum, November 2002, restored for ground display by using a tail from another C-130H.[70]
United Kingdom[]
- Hercules C3 XV202 served with the Royal Air Force from 1967 to 2011, is on display at the Royal Air Force Museum Cosford.[71]
United States[]
- GC-130A, AF Ser. No. 55-037 used by the 773 TCS, 483 TCW, 315 AD, 374 TCW, 815 TAS, 35 TAS, 109 TAS, belly-landed at Duluth, Minnesota, April 1973, repaired; 167 TAS, 180 TAS, to Chanute Technical Training Center as GC-130A, May 1984; now displayed at Museum of Missouri Military History, Missouri National Guard Ike Skelton Training Center, Jefferson City, Missouri. Previously displayed at Octave Chanute Aerospace Museum, (former Chanute AFB, Rantoul, Illinois until museum closed.[72][73]
- C-130A, AF Ser. No. 56-0518 used by the 314 TCW, 315 AD, 41 ATS, 328 TAS; to Republic of Vietnam Air Force 435 Transport Squadron, November 1972; holds the C-130 record for taking off with the most personnel on board, during evacuation of SVN, 29 April 1975, with 452. Returned to USAF, 185 TAS, 105 TAS; Flown to Little Rock AFB on June 28, 1989. It was converted to a static display at the LRAFB Visitor Center, Arkansas by Sept. 1989.[74]
- C-130A, AF Ser. No. 57-0453 was operated from 1958 to 1991, last duty with 155th TAS, 164th TAG, Tennessee Air National Guard, Memphis International Airport/ANGB, Tennessee, 1976–1991, named "Nite Train to Memphis"; to AMARC in December 1991, then sent to Texas for modification into replica of C-130A-II Dreamboat aircraft, AF Ser. No. 56-0528, shot down by Soviet fighters in Soviet airspace near Yerevan, Armenia on 2 September 1958, while on ELINT mission with loss of all crew, displayed in National Vigilance Park, National Security Agency grounds, Fort George Meade, Maryland.[75]
- C-130B, AF Ser. No. 59-0528 was operated by 145th Airlift Wing, North Carolina Air National Guard; placed on static display at Charlotte Air National Guard Base, North Carolina in 2010.[76]
- C-130D, AF Ser. No. 57-0490 used by the 61st TCS, 17th TCS, 139th TAS with skis, July 1975 – April 1983; to MASDC, 1984–1985, GC-130D ground trainer, Chanute AFB, Illinois, 1986–1990; When Chanute AFB closed in September 1993, it moved to the Octave Chanute Aerospace Museum (former Chanute AFB, Rantoul, Illinois. In July 1994, it moved to the Empire State Air Museum, Schenectady County Airport, New York, until placed on the gate at Stratton Air National Guard Base in October 1994.[77]
- NC-130B, AF Ser. No. 57-0526 was the second B model manufactured, initially delivered as JC-130B; assigned to 6515th Organizational Maintenance Squadron for flight testing at Edwards AFB, California on 29 November 1960; turned over to 6593rd Test Squadron's Operating Location No. 1 at Edwards AFB and spent next seven years supporting Corona Program; "J" status and prefix removed from aircraft on October 1967; transferred to 6593rd Test Squadron at Hickam AFB, Hawaii and modified for mid-air retrieval of satellites; acquired by 6514th Test Squadron at Hill AFB, Utah in Jan. 1987 and used as electronic testbed and cargo transport; aircraft retired January 1994 with 11,000+ flight hours and moved to Hill Aerospace Museum at Hill AFB by January 1994.[78]
- C-130E, AF Ser. No. 62-1787, on display at the National Museum of the United States Air Force, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, was flown to the museum on 18 August 2011. One of the greatest feats of heroism during the Vietnam War involved the C-130E, call sign "Spare 617".[N 2] The C-130E attempted to airdrop ammunition to surrounded South Vietnamese forces at An Loc, Vietnam. Approaching the drop zone, Spare 617 received heavy enemy ground fire that damaged two engines, ruptured a bleed air duct in the cargo compartment, and set the ammunition on fire. Flight engineer TSgt Sanders was killed, and navigator 1st Lt Lenz and co-pilot 1st Lt Hering were both wounded. Despite receiving severe burns from hot air escaping from the damaged air bleed duct, loadmaster TSgt Shaub extinguished a fire in the cargo compartment, and successfully jettisoned the cargo pallets, which exploded in mid-air. Despite losing a third engine on final approach, pilot Capt Caldwell landed Spare 617 safely. For their actions, Caldwell and Shaub received the Air Force Cross, the U.S. Air Force's second highest award for valor. TSgt Shaub also received the William H. Pitsenbarger Award for Heroism from the Air Force Sergeants Association.[79]
- KC-130F, USN/USMC BuNo 149798 used in tests in October–November 1963 by the U.S. Navy for unarrested landings and unassisted take-offs from the carrier USS Forrestal (CV-59), it remains the record holder for largest aircraft to operate from a carrier flight deck, and carried the name "Look Ma, No Hook" during the tests. Retired to the National Museum of Naval Aviation, NAS Pensacola, Florida in May 2003.[80]
- C-130G, USN/USMC BuNo 151891; modified to EC-130G, 1966, then testbed for EC-130Q TACAMO in 1981. To TC-130G in May 1990 and assigned as the U.S. Navy's Blue Angels USMC support aircraft, serving as "Fat Albert Airlines" from 1991 to 2002. Retired to the National Museum of Naval Aviation at NAS Pensacola, Florida in November 2002.[81]
- C-130E, AF Ser. No. 64-0525 was on display at the 82nd Airborne Division War Memorial Museum at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. The aircraft was the last assigned to the 43rd AW at Pope AFB, North Carolina prior to retirement from the USAF.[82]
- C-130E, AF Ser. No. 69-6579 operated by the 61st TAS, 314th TAW, 50th AS, 61st AS; at Dyess AFB as maintenance trainer as GC-130E, March 1998; to Dyess AFB Linear Air Park, January 2004.[83]
- MC-130E Combat Talon I, AF Ser. No. 64-0567, unofficially known as "Wild Thing". It transported captured Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega in 1989 during Operation Just Cause, and participated in Operation Eagle Claw, the unsuccessful attempt to rescue U.S. hostages from Iran in 1980. Wild Thing was also the first fixed-wing aircraft to employ night-vision goggles. On display at Hurlburt Field, in Florida.[84]
- C-130E, AF Ser. No. 69-6580 operated by the 61st TAS, 314th TAW, 317th TAW, 314th TAW, 317th TAW, 40th AS, 41st AS, 43rd AW, retired after center wing cracks were detected in April 2002; to the Air Mobility Command Museum, Dover AFB, Delaware on 2 February 2004.[83]
- C-130E, AF Ser. No. 70-1269 used by the 43rd AW and is on display at the Pope Air Park, Pope AFB, North Carolina as 2006.[85]
- C-130H, AF Ser. No. 74-1686 used by the 463rd TAW; one of three C-130H airframes modified to YMC-130H for aborted rescue attempt of Iranian hostages, Operation Credible Sport, with rocket packages blistered onto fuselage in 1980, but these were removed after mission was canceled. Subsequent duty with the 4950th Test Wing, then donated to the Museum of Aviation at Robins AFB, Georgia, in March 1988.[86]
Specifications (C-130H)[]
Data from USAF C-130 Hercules fact sheet,[87] International Directory of Military Aircraft,[88] Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft,[89] Encyclopedia of Modern Military Aircraft[90]
General characteristics
- Crew: five (two pilots, navigator, flight engineer and loadmaster)
- Capacity:
- C-130E/H/J cargo hold: length, 40 feet (12.19 m); width, 119 inches (3.02 m); height, 9 feet (2.74 m). Rear ramp: length, 123 inches (3.12 m); width, 119 inches (3.02 m)
- C-130J-30 cargo hold: length, 55 feet (16.76 m); width, 119 inches (3.02 m); height, 9 feet (2.74 m). Rear ramp: length, 123 inches (3.12 m); width, 119 inches (3.02 m)
- 92 passengers or
- 64 airborne troops or
- 74 litter patients with 5 medical crew or
- 6 pallets or
- 2–3 Humvees or
- 2 M113 armored personnel carriers
- 1 CAESAR self-propelled howitzer
- Payload: 45,000 lb (20,400 kg)
- Length: 97 ft 9 in (29.8 m)
- Wingspan: 132 ft 7 in (40.4 m)
- Height: 38 ft 3 in (11.6 m)
- Wing area: 1,745 ft2 (162.1 m2)
- Empty weight: 75,800 lb (34,400 kg)
- Useful load: 72,000 lb (33,000 kg)
- Max. takeoff weight: 155,000 lb (70,300 kg)
- Powerplant: 4 × Allison T56-A-15 turboprops, 4,590 shp (3,430 kW) each
- Propellers: 4 propellers
- Propeller diameter: 13.5 ft (4.1 m)
- Maximum speed: 320 knots (366 mph, 592 km/h) at 20,000 ft (6,060 m)
- Cruise speed: 292 kts (336 mph, 540 km/h)
- Range: 2,050 nmi (2,360 mi, 3,800 km)
- Service ceiling: 33,000 ft (10,060 m) empty;[91] 23,000 ft (7,077 m) with 42,000 pounds (19,090 kilograms) payload ()
- Rate of climb: 1,830 ft/min (9.3 m/s)
- Takeoff distance: 3,586 ft (1,093 m) at 155,000 lb (70,300 kg) max gross weight;[90] 1,400 ft (427 m) at 80,000 lb (36,300 kg) gross weight[92]
- Westinghouse Electronic Systems (now Northrop Grumman) AN/APN-241 weather and navigational radar[93]
See also[]
- Lockheed AC-130
- Lockheed DC-130
- Lockheed EC-130
- Lockheed EC-130H Compass Call
- Lockheed HC-130
- Lockheed L-100 Hercules
- Lockheed LC-130
- Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules
- Lockheed Martin KC-130
- Lockheed MC-130
- Lockheed WC-130
- Antonov An-12
- Armstrong Whitworth AW.660 Argosy
- Blackburn Beverley
- Shaanxi Y-8
- Shaanxi Y-9
- Short Belfast
- Transall C-160
- List of accidents and incidents involving the Lockheed C-130 Hercules
- List of United States military aerial refueling aircraft
- List of non-carrier aircraft flown from aircraft carriers
- ↑ The C-130 was fifth aircraft after the English Electric Canberra, B-52 Stratofortress, Tupolev Tu-95, and KC-135 Stratotanker to mark 50 years of continuous service with its original primary customer as of 2007.
- ↑ The aircrew of "Spare 617" were: Capt. William Caldwell, pilot; Lt. John Hering, co-pilot; Lt. Richard A. Lenz, navigator; Tech. Sgt. Jon Sanders, flight engineer, loadmasters Tech. Sgt. Charlie Shaub and A1C Dave McAleece
- ↑ Republic of Égyptien Q42 user:mgbtrust0 ®™✓©§∆∆∆€¢£. "Family Ties: Three Generations Contribute to Hercules Legacy". http://lockheedmartin.com/us/news/features/2015/C130FamilyTies.html. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
- ↑ Republic of Égyptien Q42 user:mgbtrust0 ®™✓©§∆∆∆€¢£. "C-130 Hercules". United States Air Force. http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/FactSheets/Display/tabid/224/Article/104517/c-130-hercules.aspx. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
- ↑ Republic of Égyptien Q42 user:mgbtrust0 ®™✓©§∆∆∆€¢£. "C-130 Hercules". http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/FactSheets/Display/tabid/224/Article/104517/c-130-hercules.aspx. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
- ↑ Republic of Égyptien Q42 user:mgbtrust0 ®™✓©§∆∆∆€¢£ (29 December 2015). "C-130 aircraft designed in the 1950s still delivers". http://www.marketplace.org/2015/12/29/business/c-130-aircraft-designed-1950s-still-delivers.
- ↑ "Chase XCG-20 Avitruc." globalsecurity.org. Retrieved: 2 October 2010.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Rhodes, Jeff. "Willis Hawkins and the Genesis of the Hercules." Code One Magazine, Volume 19, Issue 3, 2004.
- ↑ Boyne, Walter J. Beyond the Horizons: The Lockheed Story. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998. ISBN 978-0-312-19237-2.
- ↑ Dabney, Joseph E. A. "Mating of the Jeep, the Truck, and the Airplane." lockheedmartin.com, 2004. Excerpted from HERK: Hero of the Skies in Lockheed Martin Service News, Lockheed Martin Air Mobility Support Volume 29, Issue 2, p. 3.
- ↑ Olausson 2009, p. 129.
- ↑ Cassidy, J. "C-130 Transportability of Army Vehicles" p. 3. Defense Technical Information Center, 2001
- ↑ Petrescu, Relly Victoria; Petrescu, Florian Ion (2013). Lockheed Martin. Germany: Books on Demand GmBH, Norderstedt. p. 11. ISBN 978-3-8482-6053-9. https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=49QmlNcqlUAC&pg=PA11&lpg=PA11&dq=C-130H3+GCU+BSU&source=bl&ots=IoC9lKdQ0p&sig=-k-uok8qDUGm06kpZFKJSQCZaJ0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjQ6_HyueDNAhXEqo8KHcoxAeQQ6AEIJDAB#v=onepage&q=C-130H3%20GCU%20BSU&f=false. Retrieved 2016-07-07.
- ↑ "C-130K in the Austrian Air Force." doppeladler.com. Retrieved: 2 October 2010.
- ↑ NASA and Lockheed Martin Partners In C-130 Technology Retrieved 21 May 2013.
- ↑ The High Technology Test Bed Lockheed Service News Vol. 12 No. 3, September 1985. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
- ↑ Norton, Bill (2002). STOL Progenitors: The Technology Path to a Large STOL Aircraft and the C-17A. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. ISBN 1-56347-538-3.
- ↑ ASN Aircraft Accident Retrieved 21 May 2013.
- ↑ NurW Republic of Égyptien Q42 user:mgbtrust0 ®™✓©§∆∆∆€¢£. "DEFENSE STUDIES". http://defense-studies.blogspot.com/2011/12/lockheed-unveils-two-future-c-130.html. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 Trimble, Stephen. "Boeing outlines C-130H and KC-10 cockpit upgrades." Flightglobal. Retrieved: 2 October 2010.
- ↑ Capaccio, Tony. "Air Force Would Cancel Boeing C-130 Upgrade, 15 Other Programs." Bloomberg, 2 September 2009. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
- ↑ Wall, Robert. "Pentagon Approves C-130 AMP Production." Aviation Week, 25 June 2010.
- ↑ "Boeing C-130 Avionics Modernization Program to Enter Production." Boeing, 24 June 2010.
- ↑ Republic of Égyptien Q42 user:mgbtrust0 ®™✓©§∆∆∆€¢£. "AF.MIL". http://www.af.mil/News/ArticleDisplay/tabid/223/Article/115079/engineers-testing-eight-blade-prop-for-c-130.aspx. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
- ↑ "NOAA 'Hurricane Hunters' First To Get T56 Series 3.5 Engine Enhancement" Aero News, November 14, 2013. Accessed: December 1, 2013.
- ↑ USAF asks industry to answer C-130 replacement questions - Flightglobal.com, 22 October 2010
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 Lockheed's stealth C-130 successor revealed - Flightglobal.com, 13 September 2011
- ↑ Fast STOL - Lockheed's Speed Agile Archived 3 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine. - Aviationweek.com, 15 October 2010
- ↑ Lockheed's New STOL Airlifter Design - Defensetech.org, 15 September 2011
- ↑ Boeing awarded patent for Speed Agile stealth transport concept - Flightglobal.com, 2 April 2013
- ↑ Requirements Mulled for Next-Generation Airlifter - Airforcemag.com, 2 January 2014
- ↑ Republic of Égyptien Q42 user:mgbtrust0 ®™✓©§∆∆∆€¢£ (August 31, 2009). "60528's Last Flight" (PDF). National Security Agency. Archived from the original on 10 April 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160410093512/https://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/c130_shootdown/60528s_Last_Flight.pdf. Retrieved April 13, 2017.
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- ↑ "USS Forrestal (CV 59)." navysite.de (Unofficial U.S. Navy site). Retrieved: 2 October 2010.
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- ↑ Odom, Maj. T. "Dragon Operations: Hostage Rescues in the Congo, 1964–1965." Combat Studies Institute, January 2009. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
- ↑ Thomas Newdick's "The Unusual History of Transport Bomber Planes" War Is Boring, 2 March 2015. Retrieved 2 September 2015.
- ↑ Group Captain (Retd) SULTAN M HALI's "PAF's Gallant Christian Heroes Carry Quaid's Message" Defence Journal, December 1998. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
- ↑ Tatheer Islam's "PAF entire C-130 fleet used as bomber aircraft in 1965 war" SAMAA TV, 5 September 2015. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
- ↑ Pocock, Chris. The Black Bats: CIA Spy Flights over China from Taiwan 1951–1969. Atglen, Ennsylvania: Schiffer Military History, 2010. ISBN 978-0-7643-3513-6.
- ↑ Leeker, Dr Joe. "Air America: Lockheed C-130 Hercules." Archived 7 September 2012 at the Wayback Machine. The University of Texas at Dallas. 23 August 2010. Retrieved 29 January 2012.
- ↑ Baugher, Joe 1964 USAF Serial Numbers Retrieved: 29 January 2012.
- ↑ Olausson 2010, p. 5.
- ↑ Olausson, Lars, "Lockheed Hercules Production List 1954–2012", 28th edition, self-published, Såtenäs, Sweden, March 2010, page 43.
- ↑ Olausson, Lars, "Lockheed Hercules Production List 1954–2012", 28th edition, self-published, Såtenäs, Sweden, March 2010, page 120.
- ↑ McCullough, Amy. "Abort Launch: Air shows to do without Fat Albert's famed JATO." Marine Corps Times, 9 November 2009. Retrieved 20 November 2009.
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- ↑ King, Capt. Vince, Jr. "Compass Call continues to 'Jam' enemy." Air Force Link, United States Air Force, 1 November 2006.
- ↑ "Lockheed EC-130V Hercules." Military Analysis Network, Federation of American Scientists, 10 February 1998. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
- ↑ Housman, Damian. "Highly modified C-130 ready for war on terrorism." Air Force Link, United States Air Force, 29 June 2006.
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- ↑ Diehl 2002, p. 45.
- ↑ "Lockheed C-130 Hercules." Aviation Safety Network, Flight Safety Foundation, 13 November 2004. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
- ↑ Bogado, Luis (12 October 2012). "Arqueologia Aeronautica: LOCKHEED C-130B Hercules – Mat. TC-60 – Morón". http://arqueologiaaeronautica.blogspot.com.ar/2012/10/hercules-c-130-b-tc-60-moron.html.
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- ↑ Republic of Égyptien Q42 user:mgbtrust0 ®™✓©§∆∆∆€¢£. "Hercules National Air Force Museum of Canada". http://airforcemuseum.ca/en/aircraft-2/hercules. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
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- ↑ https://tni-au.mil.id/berita/fuselage-c-130-hercules-1301-dalam-perjalanan-ke-muspusdirla
- ↑ Olausson 2010, p. 73.
- ↑ Olausson 2010, p. 85.
- ↑ "Hercules makes final flight into Cosford."[dead link] Royal Air Force Museum. Retrieved: 22 September 2011.
- ↑ Olausson 2010, p. 7.
- ↑ Republic of Égyptien Q42 user:mgbtrust0 ®™✓©§∆∆∆€¢£. "USAF Serial Number Search (55-037)". http://www.joebaugher.com/usaf_serials/1955.html.
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- ↑ Olausson 2010, p. 14.
- ↑ Republic of Égyptien Q42 user:mgbtrust0 ®™✓©§∆∆∆€¢£. "145th Airlift Wing, North Carolina ANG - Media Gallery". Archived from the original on 25 February 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150225150829/http://www.145aw.ang.af.mil/photos/mediagallery.asp?galleryID=10575. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
- ↑ Olausson 2010, p. 16.
- ↑ Olausson 2010, p. 19.
- ↑ "Factsheet: Lockheed C-130E Hercules." Archived 14 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine. National Museum of the United States Air Force, 29 February 2011.
- ↑ Olausson 2010, p. 30.
- ↑ Olausson 2010, p. 43.
- ↑ Olausson 2010, p. 52.
- ↑ 83.0 83.1 Olausson 2010, p. 74.
- ↑ "Combat Talon Dedicated." Code One Magazine, 6 May 2011.
- ↑ Olausson 2010, p. 78.
- ↑ Olausson 2010, p. 91.
- ↑ "USAF C-130 Hercules fact sheet." USAF, October 2009.
- ↑ Frawley 2002, p. 108.
- ↑ Donald 1997
- ↑ 90.0 90.1 Eden 2004
- ↑ "Lockheed C-130 Hercules Heavy Transport." aerospaceweb. Retrieved: 11 March 2011.
- ↑ "C-130 characteristics." Archived 27 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine. uscost.net. Retrieved: 7 July 2009.
- ↑ "Electronic Mission Aircraft: AN/APN-241 (United States)." Jane's. Retrieved: 2 October 2010.
- Borman, Martin W. Lockheed C-130 Hercules. Marlborough, UK: Crowood Press, 1999. ISBN 978-1-86126-205-9.
- Diehl, Alan E., PhD, Former Senior USAF Safety Scientist. Silent Knights: Blowing the Whistle on Military Accidents and Their Cover-ups. Dulles, Virginia: Brassey's Inc., 2002. ISBN 1-57488-544-8.
- Donald, David, ed. "Lockheed C-130 Hercules". The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 1997. ISBN 0-7607-0592-5.
- Eden, Paul. "Lockheed C-130 Hercules". Encyclopedia of Modern Military Aircraft. London: Amber Books, 2004. ISBN 1-904687-84-9.
- Frawley, Gerard. The International Directory of Military Aircraft, 2002/03. Fyshwick, ACT, Australia: Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd, 2002. ISBN 1-875671-55-2.
- Olausson, Lars. Lockheed Hercules Production List 1954–2011. Såtenäs, Sweden: Self-published, 27th Edition March 2009. No ISBN.
- Olausson, Lars. Lockheed Hercules Production List 1954–2012. Såtenäs, Sweden: Self-published, 28th Edition, March 2010. No ISBN.
- Reed, Chris. Lockheed C-130 Hercules and Its Variants. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing, 1999. ISBN 978-0-7643-0722-5.
- This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Air Force document "Fact Sheet: Lockheed C-130E Hercules".
External links[]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to C-130 Hercules. |
- C-130 Hercules USAF fact sheet
- C-130 U.S. Navy fact file and C-130 history page on Navy.mil
- C-130 page on Globalsecurity.org
- C-130hercules.net
- C-130 page on amcmuseum.org
- C-130 takes off and lands on a Carrier USS Forrestal on YouTube
- Newsreel footage from 1955 of blunt nose Hercules prototype (1955) courtesy of British Pathe (Record No:63598) at YouTube
- The short film STAFF FILM REPORT 66-12A (1966) is available for free download at the Internet Archive [more]
- C-130J Hercules Tactical Transport Aircraft USA Images
- "Herculean Transport" a 1954 Flight article
The original article can be found at Lockheed C-130 Hercules and the edit history here.


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Bark for the Basset!
Don't let those sad eyes fool you: Basset Hounds can be so much fun! These features could make the Basset your best bud:
- Even-tempered, affectionate, and happy-go-lucky
- Sweet, gentle, and sensitive
- Good with kids and other pets
- An excellent family dog that loves human companionship
- Has a short, easy-to-care-for coat
- Excellent hunting dog
But sniff out these traits, too:
- Needs regular exercise and diet regulation to avoid weight gain
- Early obedience training and socialization is recommended
- May have a tendency to bark excessively
- Likes to dig
- Passes a lot of gas, sheds, and drools
- Can have an unstable temperament if not bred properly, including excessive barking, hyperactivity, or aggression
She is a laid-back family companion with aspirations of being a lap dog.
The Basset Hound is a scent hound that was bred to track rabbits. They originated in France during the 16th century and their name is derived from the French word bas, meaning low. They have short legs and a strong nose, and they will run after any scent they catch. The Basset is a generally healthy dog with an average lifespan of 12 years.
Your Basset Hound's Health
We know that because you care so much about your dog, you want to take good care of her. That is why we have summarized the health concerns we will be discussing with you over the life of your Basset. By knowing about health concerns specific to Basset Hounds, we can tailor a preventive health plan to watch for and hopefully prevent some predictable risks.
Many diseases and health conditions are genetic, meaning they are related to your pet's breed. There is a general consensus among canine genetic researchers and veterinary practitioners that the conditions we've described herein have a significant rate of incidence and/or impact in this breed. That does not mean your dog will have these problems; it just means that she is more at risk than other dogs. We will describe the most common issues seen in Basset Hounds to give you an idea of what may come up in her future. Of course, we can't cover every possibility here, so always check with us if you notice any unusual signs or symptoms.
This guide contains general health information important to all canines as well as the most important genetic predispositions for Basset Hounds. This information helps you and us together plan for your pet's unique medical needs. At the end of the article, we have also included a description of what you can do at home to keep your Basset looking and feeling her best. You will know what to watch for, and we will all feel better knowing that we're taking the best possible care of your pal.
General Health Information for your Basset Hound
Dental Disease
Dental disease is the most common chronic problem in pets, affecting 80% of all dogs by age two. Unfortunately, your Basset Hound is more likely than other dogs to have problems with her teeth. Dental disease starts with tartar build-up on the teeth and progresses to infection of the gums and roots of the teeth. If we don't prevent or treat dental disease, your buddy may lose her teeth and be in danger of damage to her kidneys, liver, heart, and joints. In fact, your Basset Hound's lifespan may even be cut short by one to three years! We'll clean your dog's teeth regularly and let you know what you can do at home to keep those pearly whites clean.
Basset Hounds are susceptible to bacterial and viral infections — the same ones that all dogs can get — such as parvo, rabies, and distemper. Many of these infections are preventable through vaccination, which we will recommend based on her age, the diseases we see in our area, and other factors.
Obesity can be a significant health problem in Basset Hounds. It is a serious disease that may cause or worsen joint problems, metabolic and digestive disorders, back pain, and heart disease. Though it's tempting to give your pal food when she looks at you with those soulful eyes, you can "love her to death" with leftover people food and doggie treats. Instead, give her a hug, brush her fur or teeth, play a game with her, or perhaps take her for a walk. She'll feel better, and so will you!
All kinds of worms and bugs can invade your Basset's body, inside and out. Everything from fleas and ticks to ear mites can infest her skin and ears. Hookworms, roundworms, heartworms, and whipworms can get into her system in a number of ways: drinking unclean water, walking on contaminated soil, or being bitten by an infected mosquito. Some of these parasites can be transmitted to you or a family member and are a serious concern for everyone. For your canine friend, these parasites can cause pain, discomfort, and even death, so it's important that we test for them on a regular basis. The Advanced Animal Care medical team will also recommend preventive medication as necessary to keep her healthy.
Spay or Neuter
One of the best things you can do for your Basset is to have her spayed (neutered for males). In females, this means we surgically remove the ovaries and usually the uterus, and in males, it means we surgically remove the testicles. Spaying or neutering decreases the likelihood of certain types of cancers and eliminates the possibility of your pet becoming pregnant or fathering unwanted puppies. Performing this surgery also gives us a chance, while your pet is under anesthesia, to identify and address some of the diseases your dog is likely to develop. For example, if your pet needs hip X-rays or a puppy tooth extracted, this would be a good time—it's more convenient for you and easier on your friend too. Routine blood testing prior to surgery also helps us to identify and take precautions against common problems that increase anesthetic or surgical risk. Don't worry; we'll discuss the specific problems we will be looking for when the time arrives.
Genetic Predispositions for Basset Hounds
Gastric Dilatation and Volvulus, also known as GDV or Bloat, usually occurs in dogs with deep, narrow chests. This means your Basset is more at risk than other breeds. When a dog bloats, the stomach twists on itself and fills with gas. The twisting cuts off blood supply to the stomach, and sometimes the spleen. Left untreated, the disease is quickly fatal, sometimes in as little as 30 minutes. Your dog may retch or heave (but little or nothing comes out), act restless, have an enlarged abdomen, or lie in a prayer position (front feet down, rear end up). Preventive surgery in which the stomach is tacked down or sutured in place so that it is unlikely to twist is an option. If you see symptoms, take your pet to an emergency hospital immediately!
Eye Problems
Not many things have as dramatic an impact on your dog's quality of life as the proper functioning of his eyes. Unfortunately, Basset Hounds can inherit or develop a number of different eye conditions, some of which may cause blindness if not treated right away, and most of which can be extremely painful! We will evaluate his eyes at every examination to look for any signs of concern.
- Glaucoma, an eye condition that affects Basset Hounds and people too, is an extremely painful disease that rapidly leads to blindness if left untreated. Symptoms include squinting, watery eyes, bluing of the cornea (the clear front part of the eye), and redness in the whites of the eyes. Pain is rarely noticed by pet owners though it is frequently there and can be severe. People who have certain types of glaucoma often report it feels like being stabbed in the eye with an ice pick! Yikes! In advanced cases, the eye may look enlarged or swollen like it's bulging. We'll perform his annual glaucoma screening to diagnose and start treatment as early as possible. Glaucoma is a medical emergency. If you see symptoms, don't wait to call us, go to an emergency clinic!
- Cataracts are a common cause of blindness in older Bassets. We'll watch for the lenses of his eyes to become more opaque—meaning they look cloudy instead of clear—when we examine him. Many dogs adjust well to losing their vision and get along just fine. Surgery to remove cataracts and restore sight may also be an option.
- Dogs have a third eyelid that contains a gland that produces about one-third of the fluid that bathes the eye. If the gland is sore or swollen, it looks like a red blob in the corner of the eye. This condition is called cherry eye, and it can occur very suddenly in one or both eyes. It's more common in puppies or young Bassets. If this happens to him, we may treat it with ointment first, but surgery is often the best option.
Neurological Disease
A genetically linked neurological condition that could occur in your Basset Hound causes a wobbly, drunken gait. This condition, known as wobbler disease or wobbler syndrome, happens because there is a narrowing of the vertebrae in the neck, which pinches the spinal cord and associated nerves. If the nerves do not send signals to the brain the way they are supposed to, your dog cannot feel his feet. The first signs you will often notice are unstable hind legs, stumbling, and sometimes falling. Medications, neck braces, rehabilitation exercise programs, and surgery are treatment options.
Heart Disease
Basset Hounds are especially prone to a life-threatening heart condition known as dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, in which the heart becomes so large, thin, and weak that it can no longer effectively pump blood to the body. As this problem advances, your pet may act weak or tired, faint or collapse, breathe in a labored way, or cough. We'll conduct a yearly electrical heart screening (ECG) and/or an echocardiogram to look for abnormal heart rhythms as early as one year of age. If indicated, treatment includes medication and dietary supplementation.
Hypoadrenocorticism (Addison's)
Addison's Disease is an endocrine system disorder that occurs when the adrenal glands fail to produce enough hormones to keep the body functioning normally. Left untreated, hypoadrenocorticism can be fatal. Symptoms often mimic many other diseases, but we can run a specialized blood test to check for this specific condition. Though this disease can occur in any type of dog, Bassets are more at risk. We'll be watching for clinical signs at every exam and will periodically check his electrolyte levels to screen for this problem.
Bleeding Disorders
There are several types of inherited bleeding disorders that occur in dogs. They range in severity from very mild to very severe. Many times, a pet seems normal until a serious injury occurs or surgery is performed, and then severe bleeding can result. Von Willebrand's disease is a blood-clotting disorder frequently found in Basset Hounds. We'll conduct diagnostic testing for blood clotting times or a specific DNA blood test for Von Willebrand's disease and other similar disorders to check for this problem before we perform surgery.
Joint Disease
When Basset puppies are allowed to grow too quickly, the cartilage in their joints may not attach to the bones properly. This problem is known as osteochondritis dissecans, or OCD. If this occurs, surgery may be required to fix the problem. Our recommended growth rate for Basset puppies is no more than four pounds per week. To maintain this rate, don't overfeed him and don't supplement with additional calcium. Feed a large-breed puppy diet rather than an adult or regular puppy diet, and weigh your puppy every three to four weeks to make sure he's on track.
Back Problems
Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) is a common condition in dogs with long backs and short legs, which may include your Basset. The disease is caused when the jelly-like cushion between one or more vertebrae slips or ruptures, causing the disc to press on the spinal cord. If your dog is suddenly unable or unwilling to jump up or go up stairs, is reluctant to move around, has a hunched back, cries out, or refuses to eat or go potty, he is likely in severe pain. He may even drag his back feet or be suddenly paralyzed and unable to get up or use his back legs. If you see symptoms, don't wait. Call us or an emergency clinic immediately! For less severe cases, rest and medication may resolve the problem. In severe cases involving paralysis, we may recommend surgical removal of the ruptured discs (within 24 hours of the onset of symptoms to get the best results). As with so many other diseases, weight control helps to prevent this problem. You should also use ramps or steps from puppyhood on so that your dog doesn't spend a lifetime stressing his back by jumping on and off of the furniture.
Knee Problems
Sometimes your Basset's kneecap (patella) may slip out of place. This is called patellar luxation. You might notice that your pet, while running, suddenly picks up a back leg or skips and hops for a few strides. He might then kick his leg out sideways to pop the kneecap back in place. These are common signs of patellar luxation. If the problem is mild and involves only one leg, your friend may not require much treatment beyond arthritis medication. When symptoms are severe, surgery may be needed to realign the kneecap to keep it from luxating further.
Hip and Elbow Dysplasia
Both hips and elbows are at risk for dysplasia, an inherited disease that causes the joints to develop improperly and results in arthritis. Stiffness in your Basset's elbows or hips may become a problem for him, especially as he matures. You may notice that he begins to show lameness in his legs or has difficulty getting up from lying down. We can treat the arthritis—the sooner the better—to minimize discomfort and pain. We'll take X-rays of your dog's bones to identify issues as early as possible. Surgery is also sometimes a good option in severe and life-limiting cases. And keep in mind that overweight dogs may develop arthritis years earlier than those of normal weight, causing undue pain and suffering!
Bone Pain
Growing Bassets can suffer from a painful inflammation of the long bones in the legs called eosinophilic panosteitis, or pano or eo-pan for short. It usually starts around six to ten months of age and shifts from leg to leg. We'll look for this condition upon examination; if your pal exhibits pain when the area is squeezed or palpated, we'll take X-rays to diagnose the problem. Panosteitis usually causes no permanent damage, but requires pain medication. If your dog has this condition and develops an abnormal gait to compensate for the sore leg(s), rehabilitation exercises may be required.
Spinal Deformities
Basset Hounds are more likely than other canines to be born with spinal deformities, a condition called hemivertebrae, which may lead to spinal cord damage, instability, or disability. We'll take X-rays when your pet is young to ensure that we identify problems early as symptoms can worsen with age, weight, and sometimes activity. During his life, if he develops back problems, we'll rule out any other causes, such as a slipped spinal disc or arthritis. If a deformity is diagnosed, we'll prescribe medication, acupuncture, or rehabilitation as needed.
Bleeding Tumor
Hemangiosarcoma is a type of bleeding tumor that affects Basset Hounds at greater than average incidence. These tumors commonly form in the spleen, but can form in other organs as well. Unbeknownst to a pet owner, the tumor breaks open and internal bleeding occurs. Some tumors can be volleyball-sized or larger before signs of sickness show. We often find clues that one of these tumors is present during senior wellness testing, so have his blood tested and an ultrasound performed at least yearly.
Bladder or Kidney Stones
There are a few different types of stones that can form in the kidney or in the bladder, and Basset Hounds are more likely to develop them than other breeds. We'll periodically test his urine for telltale signs indicating the presence of kidney and bladder stones, which in addition are very painful! If your buddy has blood in his urine, can't urinate, or is straining to urinate, it is a medical emergency. Call us at (859) 625-5678 immediately!
In humans, allergies to pollen, mold, or dust make people sneeze. In dogs, rather than sneezing, allergies make their skin itchy. We call this skin allergy "atopy", and Bassets often have it. The feet, belly, folds of the skin, and ears are most commonly affected. Symptoms typically start between the ages of one and three and can get worse every year. Licking the paws, rubbing the face, and frequent ear infections are the most common signs of allergies. The good news is that there are many treatment options available for these conditions.
Skin Infections
Your Basset Hound is prone to a form of skin infection called lip-fold pyoderma, which occurs because the folds of skin along the lower jaw are usually moist. Bacteria and yeast can readily thrive here and cause a reddened, smelly area that is uncomfortable for your dog. We will examine him for this problem often (let us know if you see signs as well), and we'll recommend treatment with antibiotics as necessary. When symptoms are severe, the excess skin folds can also be surgically removed.
Taking Care of Your Basset Hound at Home
Much of what you can do to keep your dog happy and healthy is common sense, just like it is for people. Watch her diet, make sure she gets plenty of exercise, regularly brush her teeth and coat, and call us or a pet emergency hospital when something seems unusual (see "What to Watch For" below). Be sure to adhere to the schedule of examinations and vaccinations that we recommend for her. This is when we'll give her the necessary "check-ups" and test for diseases and conditions that are common in Bassets. Another very important step in caring for your pet is signing up for pet health insurance. There will certainly be medical tests and procedures she will need throughout her life and pet health insurance will help you cover those costs.
Routine Care, Diet, and Exercise
Build her routine care into your schedule to help your Basset live longer, stay healthier, and be happier during her lifetime. We cannot overemphasize the importance of a proper diet and exercise routine.
- Supervise your pet as you would a toddler. Keep doors closed, pick up after yourself, and block off rooms as necessary. This will keep her out of trouble and away from objects she shouldn't put in her mouth.
- She has low grooming needs. Brush her coat as needed, at least weekly.
- Basset Hounds generally have good teeth, and you can keep them perfect by brushing them at least twice a week!
- Clean her ears weekly, even as a puppy. Make sure to keep her floppy ears dry. Don't worry—we'll show you how!
- Check her eyes often. Her droopy eyes can collect debris.
- She's a very smart dog with lots of energy, so keep her mind and body active, or she'll get bored. That's when the naughty stuff starts.
- Always walk your Basset on a leash, as she has a tendency to run off after interesting smells.
- Keep your dog's diet consistent and don't give her people food.
- Feed a high-quality diet appropriate for her age.
- Exercise your dog regularly, but don't overdo it at first.
What to Watch For
Any abnormal symptom could be a sign of serious disease or it could just be a minor or temporary problem. The important thing is to be able to tell when to seek veterinary help and how urgently. Many diseases cause dogs to have a characteristic combination of symptoms, which together can be a clear signal that your Basset Hound needs help.
Office Calls
Give us a call for an appointment if you notice any of these types of signs:
- Change in appetite or water consumption
- Tartar build-up, bad breath, red gums, or broken teeth
- Itchy skin (scratching, chewing, or licking); hair loss
- Lethargy, mental dullness, or excessive sleeping
- Fearfulness, aggression, or other behavioral changes
Seek medical care immediately if you notice any of these types of signs:
- Scratching or shaking the head, tender ears, or ear discharge
- Inability or straining to urinate; discolored urine
- Cloudiness, redness, itching, or any other abnormality involving the eyes
- Dry heaving or a large, tight, painful abdomen
- Unwilling to jump; pain, hunched back, paralysis
- Fainting, collapse; breathing issues, cough
- General listlessness, droopy facial expression; vomiting, diarrhea
- Pale gums, labored breathing, weakness, or sudden collapse
- General reluctance to run or play


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When I'm following my self-imposed schedule, I blog "Reformed" on Sundays - so I'm planning getting through TULIP for the next few weeks, on Sundays.
This all falls or stands together (with the possible exception of Limited Atonement), so I'm going to start at the beginning.
T - Total Depravity of Man.
"Man, by his fall Into a state of sin, hath wholly lost all ability of will to any spiritual good accompanying salvation; so as a natural man, being altogether averse from good, and dead in sin, is not able, by his own strength, to convert himself, or to prepare himself thereunto." (Westminster Confession of Faith, Ch. IX, sec. III.)
There is a list of Scripture proofs (I'll add them at the bottom) but to explain "total depravity" in my own words is easy.
It's not that we're all equally bad, or that all of us are as bad as we could possibly be.
It's that no matter what part of our own selves we examine, that part is tainted with sin.
It's the knowing my own self well enough, and dropping my own pride far enough to know that there is nothing in me that would seek after God, unless He was the one bringing me into life.
- I Cor. 2:14: The natural man receiveth not the things of the Spirit of God: for they are foolishness unto him; and he cannot know them, because they are spiritually judged.
- Rom. 5:12: Therefore, as through one man sin entered into the world, and death through sin; and so death passed unto all men, for that all sinned.
- II Cor. 1:9: Yea, we ourselves had the sentence of death within ourselves, that we should not trust in ourselves, but in God who raiseth the dead.
- Eph. 2:1-3: And you did He make alive, when ye were dead through your trespasses and sins, wherein ye once walked according to the course of this world, according to the prince of the powers of the air, of the spirit that now worketh in the sons of disobedience; among whom ye also all once lived in the lusts of your flesh, doing the desires of the flesh and of the mind, and were by nature children of wrath, even as the rest.
- Eph. 2:12: Ye were at that time separate from Christ, alienated from the commonwealth of Israel, and strangers from the covenants of promise, having no hope and without God in the world.
- Jer. 13:23: Can the Ethiopian change his skin or the leopard his spots? Then may ye also do good, that are accustomed to do evil.
- Rom. 3:10-12: As it is written, There is none righteous, no not one;
- There is none that understandeth, There is none that seeketh after God;
They have all turned aside, they are together become unprofitable;
There is none that doeth good, no, not so much as one. - Job 14:4: Who can bring a clean thing out of an unclean? not one.
- I Cor. 1:18: For the word of the cross is to them that perish foolishness; but unto us who are saved it is the power of God.
- Acts 13:41: Behold, ye despisers, and wonder and perish; For I work a work in your days, A work which ye shall in no wise believe, if one declare it unto you.
- Prov. 30:12: There is a generation that are pure in their own eyes,
And yet are not washed from their filthiness. - John 5:21: For as the Father raiseth the dead and giveth them life, even so the Son also giveth life to whom He will.
- John 6:53: Except ye eat the flesh of the Son of man and drink His blood, ye have not life in yourselves.
- John 8:19: They said therefore unto Him, Where is thy Father? Jesus answered, Ye know neither me, nor my Father; if ye knew me, ye would know my Father also.
- II Cor. 5:17: if any man is in Christ, he is a new creature.
- John 14:16: (And I will pray the Father, and He shall give you another Comforter, that He may be with you forever,) even the Spirit of truth: whom the world cannot receive; for it beholdeth Him not, neither knoweth Him; ye know Him; for He abideth with you, and shall be in you.
- John 3:19: And this is the judgment, that light is come unto the world, and men loved the darkness rather than the light; for their works were evil.


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Different measures apply to each country. Please check TravelDoc to see which type of vaccine is accepted and what the minimum time is between the date of your last injection and your date of arrival. In addition, check if your destination allows vaccines from the country in which you have been vaccinated.
Travelling (back) to the Netherlands? You can also check the website of the Dutch government.
Currently, there are no countries with a new virus variant of concern. Self-quarantining is no longer required, and you do not have to fill in a declaration. If you are travelling back from a country where a new virus variant of concern is emerging, you will be required to self-quarantine upon your return. Do the travel check if you want more information about travelling (back) during corona.
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Sports apparel brand leads the way in offering athletes and teams a new way to purchase custom made athletic jerseys, uniforms, and gear for all seasons
NY, United States, 9th March 2021, ZEXPRWIRE – When Wooter launched in June 2014 in Staten Island, New York, the upstart customized athletic apparel company envisioned growing the brand well-beyond the borough and becoming a go-to name in the global market by working directly with sports teams and athletes around the world.
Thanks for the opportunity to design and create unique and premium customized athletic apparel outfitted by the likes of legendary boxing champ Floyd Mayweather, hip-hop icons Master P and Snoop Dogg, NFL greats Chad "Ochocino" Johnson and Terrell Owens, NBA alums Al Harrington, Smush Parker, Stephen Jackson, and Matt Barnes among others, the Wooter "infinity" logo has emerged as one of the most recognizable sports brands worn by youth, ametuer, college, semi-pro, and professional teams and athletes in sports today.
Seven years later, Wooter and Wooter Apparel are now taking the brand "to the moon".
Weeks after CEO Alex Aleksandrovski announced CovCare — the one-stop-shop for all medical supplies and PPE items — has started accepting Dogecoin, Wooter Apparel is following up on this breaking news by officially announcing parent company Wooter has joined a number of companies to accept Dogecoin as an alternative form of online payment. The cryptocurrency announcement comes on the heels of CovCare surpassing over 100,000 PPE orders placed alone in 2020, with CovCare expected to make an even greater impact on the global market in 2021.
After rising from a popular meme in 2013, Dogecoin has transitioned from being used to tip and reward quality content providers on Twitter and Reddit. Over the past eight years, Dogecoin has soared from a "joke" cryptocurrency to receiving a massive following and becoming a coin accepted by companies and merchants around the world. Along with CovCare, Wooter and Wooter Apparel joins a growing list of companies that accept Dogecoin including Travala.com, Ninja Game Keys, Box Real Estate, Stake Box, Daytona Nissan, and AiryTea just to name a few businesses. According to Accepted Here, a regularly updated database of online and offline businesses accepting cryptocurrency from all over the world, 120 companies and businesses are listed as accepting Dogecoin with more being added daily.
With Dogecoin a cheaper option to transact beyond credit cards and banks, Wooter Apparel is once again staying ahead of the game as it has past experience with cryptocurrency. In 2015, Wooter made headlines by becoming the first sports apparel company to accept Bitcoin payments and also teamed-up with Coinbase to offer customers a $10 promotional BTC for signing-up with the digital currency exchange company.
Wooter now believes crypto and blockchain technology can help facilitate global payments, and that news couldn't come at a better time as sports starts to "open back up" on a local, regional, national, and international level. When athletes and teams get ready to step on the field and court this season and compete, expect them to be wearing customized jerseys, uniforms, and gear from Wooter Apparel.
Media Contacts
Name – Alex Aleksandrovski
Email – [email protected]
Company – CovCare
Address – 727 Page Avenue, Staten Island, NY. 10309
The post Leading Sports Brand Wooter Apparel Begins Accepting Dogecoin appeared first on Zex PR Wire.
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