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Albert Einstein is rumored to have said that one cannot solve a problem with the same thinking that led to it. Yet this is precisely what we are now trying to do with climate change policy. The Obama administration, the Environmental Protection Agency, many environmental groups, and the oil and gas industry all tell us that the way to solve the problem created by fossil fuels is with more fossils fuels. We can do this, they claim, by using more natural gas, which is touted as a "clean" fuel— even a "green" fuel. Like most misleading arguments, this one starts from a kernel of truth. That truth is basic chemistry: when you burn natural gas, the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) produced is, other things being equal, much less than when you burn an equivalent amount of coal or oil. It can be as much as 50 percent less compared with coal, and 20 percent to 30 percent less compared with diesel fuel, gasoline, or home heating oil. When it comes to a greenhouse gas (GHG) heading for the atmosphere, that's a substantial difference. It means that if you replace oil or coal with gas without otherwise increasing your energy usage, you can significantly reduce your short-term carbon footprint. Replacing coal gives you other benefits as well, such as reducing the sulfate pollution that causes acid rain, particulate emissions that cause lung disease, and mercury that causes brain damage. And if less coal is mined, then occupational death and disease can be reduced in coal miners and the destruction caused by damaging forms of mining, including the removal, in some parts of the country, of entire mountains can be reduced or halted. Those are significant benefits. In part for these reasons, the Obama administration has made natural gas development a centerpiece of its energy policy, and environmental groups, including the Environmental Defense Fund, have supported the increased use of gas. President Obama has gone as far as to endorse fracking—the controversial method of extracting natural gas from low permeability shales—on the grounds that the gas extracted can provide "a bridge" to a low carbon future and help fight climate change. So if someone asks: "Is gas better than oil or coal?" the short answer seems to be yes. And when it comes to complicated issues that have science at their core, often the short answer is the (basically) correct one. As a historian of science who studies global warming, I've often stressed that anthropogenic climate change is a matter of basic physics: CO2 is a greenhouse gas, which means it traps heat in the Earth's atmosphere. So if you put additional CO2 into that atmosphere, above and beyond what's naturally there, you have to expect the planet to warm. Basic physics. And guess what? We've added a substantial amount of CO2 to the atmosphere and the planet has become hotter. We can fuss about the details of natural variability, cloud feedbacks, ocean heat and CO2 uptake, El Niño cycles and the like, but the answer that you get from college-level physics—more CO2 means a hotter planet—has turned out to be correct. The details may affect the timing and mode of climate warming, but they won't stop it. In the case of gas, however, the short answer may not be the correct one. The often-touted decrease in greenhouse gas production applies when natural gas replaces other fuels—particularly coal—in electricity generation. That's important. Electricity is about 40 percent of total U.S. energy use. Traditionally, coal has been the dominant fuel used to generate electricity in this country and most of the world. (And no one has any serious plan to live without electricity.) Any measurable GHG reduction in the electricity sector is significant and gains achieved in that sector quickly add up. But a good deal of the benefit of gas in electricity generation comes from the fact that it is used in modern combined-cycle gas turbine plants. A combined-cycle plant is one in which waste heat is captured and redirected to drive a mechanical system that powers a generator that creates additional electricity. These plants can be nearly twice as efficient as conventional single-cycle plants.
In addition, if combined with cogeneration (the trapping of the last bits of heat for local home heating or other purposes), they can reach efficiencies of nearly 90 percent. That means that nearly all the heat released by burning the fuel is captured and used—an impressive accomplishment. In theory, you could build a combined-cycle plant with coal (or other fuels), but it's not often done. You can also increase coal efficiency by pulverizing it, and using a technique called "ultra super-critical black coal." An expert report compiled by the Australian Council of Learned Societies in 2013 compared the efficiencies of a range of fuels, including conventional gas and shale gas, under a variety of conditions, and concluded that greenhouse gas emissions from electricity generation using efficient forms of coal burning were not that much more than from gas. What this means is that most of the benefit natural gas offers comes not from the gas itself, but from how it is burned, and this is mostly because gas plants tend to be new and use more efficient burning technologies. The lesson, not surprisingly: if you burn a fuel using 21st century technology, you get a better result than with late 19th or 20th century technology. This is not to defend coal, but to provide an important reality check on the discussion now taking place in this country. There is a real benefit to burning gas in America, but it's less than often claimed, and much of that benefit comes from using modern techniques and new equipment. (If the coal industry weren't so busy denying the reality of climate change, they might publicize this fact.)
It's Not Just Electricity
Replacing coal with gas in electricity generation is still probably a good idea—at least in the near term, but gas isn't just used to generate electricity. It's also used in transportation, to heat homes and make hot water, and in gas appliances like stoves, driers, and fireplaces. Here the situation is seriously worrisome. It's extremely difficult to estimate GHG emissions in these sectors because many of the variables are poorly measured. One important emission source is gas leakage from distribution and storage systems, which is hard to measure because it happens in so many different ways in so many different places. Such leaks are sometimes called "downstream emissions," because they occur after the gas has been drilled. Certainly, gas does leak, and the more we transport, distribute, and use it, the more opportunities there are for such leakage. Studies have tried to estimate the total emissions associated with gas using well-to-burner or "life-cycle" analysis. Different studies of this sort tend to yield quite different results with a high margin for error, but many conclude that when natural gas replaces petroleum in transportation or heating oil in homes, the greenhouse gas benefits are slim to none. (And since almost no one in America heats their home with coal any more, there are no ancillary benefits of decreased coal.)
One study by researchers at Carnegie-Mellon University concluded that, while the probability of reducing GHG emissions at least somewhat by replacing coal with gas in electricity generation was 100 percent, the substitution of natural gas as a transportation fuel actually carries a 10-35 percent risk of increasing emissions. In the Northeast, the northern Midwest, and the Great Plains, many builders are touting the "energy efficiency" of new homes supplied with gas heat and hot water systems, but it's not clear that these homes are achieving substantial GHG reductions. In New England, where wood is plentiful, many people would do better to use high efficiency wood stoves (or burn other forms of biomass).
Gas (CH4) Heats the Atmosphere More than CO2
Isn't gas still better than oil for heating homes? Perhaps, but oil doesn't leak into the atmosphere, which brings us to a crucial point: natural gas is methane (CH4), which is a greenhouse gas far more potent than CO2. As a result, gas leaks are a cause for enormous concern, because any methane that reaches the atmosphere unburned contributes to global warming more than the same amount of CO2. How much more? This is a question that has caused considerable angst in the climate science community because it depends on how you calculate it. Scientists have developed the concept of "Global Warming Potential" (GWP) to try to answer this question. The argument is complicated because while CH4 warms the planet far more than CO2, it stays in the atmosphere for much less time. A typical molecule of CO2 remains in the atmosphere about 10 times longer than a molecule of CH4.
In their Fifth Assessment Report, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change estimated that the GWP for methane is 34 times that of CO2 over the span of 100 years. However, when the time frame is changed to 20 years, the GWP increases to 86. Most calculations of the impact of methane leakage use the 100-year time frame, which makes sense if you are worried about the cumulative impact of greenhouse gas emissions on the world as a whole, but not—many scientists have started to argue—if you are worried about currently unfolding impacts on the biosphere. After all, many species may go extinct well before we reach that 100-year mark. It also does not make sense if you are worried that we are quickly approaching irreversible tipping points in the climate system, including rapid ice loss from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. It gets worse. CH4 and CO2 are not the only components of air pollution that can alter the climate. Dust particles from pollution or volcanoes have the capacity to cool the climate. As it happens, burning coal produces a lot of dust, leading some scientists to conclude that replacing coal with natural gas may actually increase global warming. If they are right, then not only is natural gas not a bridge to a clean energy future, it's a bridge to potential disaster.
A great deal of recent public and media attention has been focused not on gas itself, but on the mechanism increasingly used to extract it. Hydraulic fracturing—better known as fracking—is a technique that uses high-pressure fluids to "fracture" and extract gas from low permeability rocks where it would otherwise be trapped. The technique itself has been around for a long time, but in the last decade, combined with innovations in drilling technology and the high cost of petroleum, it has become a profitable way to produce energy. The somewhat surprising result of several recent studies (including one by an expert panel from the Council of Canadian Academies, on which I served) is that, from a climate-change perspective, fracking probably isn't much worse than conventional gas extraction. Life-cycle analyses of GHG emissions from the Marcellus and Bakken shales, for example, suggest that emissions are probably slightly but not significantly higher than from conventional gas drilling. A good proportion of these emissions come from well leakage. It turns out to be surprisingly hard to seal a well tightly. This is widely acknowledged even by industry representatives and shale gas advocates. They call it the problem of "well integrity." Wells may leak when they are being drilled, during production, and even when abandoned after production has ended. The reason is primarily because the cement used to seal the well may shrink, crack, or simply fail to fill in all the gaps. Interestingly, there's little evidence that fracked wells leak more than conventional wells. From a greenhouse gas perspective, the problem with fracking lies in the huge number of wells being drilled. According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, there were 342,000 gas wells in the United States in 2000; by 2010, there were over 510,000, and nearly all of this increase was driven by shale-gas development—that is, by fracking. This represents a huge increase in the potential pathways for methane leakage directly into the atmosphere. (It also represents a huge increase in potential sources of groundwater contamination, but that's a subject for another post.) There have been enormous disagreements among scientists and industry representatives over methane leakage rates, but experts calculate that leakage must be kept below 3 percent for gas to represent an improvement over coal in electricity generation, and below 1 percent for gas to improve over diesel and gasoline in transportation.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) currently estimates average leakage rates at 1.4 percent, but quite a few experts dispute that figure. One study published in 2013, based on atmospheric measurements over gas fields in Utah, found leakage rates as high as 6 11 percent. The Environmental Defense Fund is currently sponsoring a large, collaborative project involving diverse industry, government, and academic scientists. One part of the study, measuring emissions over Colorado's most active oil and gas drilling region, found methane emissions almost three times higher than the EPA's 2012 numbers, corresponding to a well-leakage rate of 2.6 5.6 percent. Some of the differences in leakage estimates reflect differing measurement techniques, some may involve measurement error, and some probably reflect real differences in gas fields and industrial practices. But the range of estimates indicates that the scientific jury is still out. If, in the end, leakage rates prove to be higher than the EPA currently calculates, the promised benefits of gas begin to vaporize. If leakage in storage and distribution is higher than currently estimated—as one ongoing study by my own colleagues at Harvard suggests—then the alleged benefits may evaporate entirely. And we're not done yet. There's one more important pathway to consider when it comes to the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere: flaring. In this practice, gas is burned off at the wellhead, sending carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. It's most commonly done in oil fields. There, natural gas is not a desirable product but a hazardous byproduct that companies flare to avoid gas explosions. (If you fly over the Persian Gulf at night and notice numerous points of light below, those are wellhead fires). In our report for the Council of Canadian Academies, our panel relied on industry data that suggested flaring rates in gas fields were extremely low, typically less than 2 percent and "in all probability" less than 0.1 percent.
This would make sense if gas producers were efficient, since they want to sell gas, not flare it. But recently the Wall Street Journal reported that state officials in North Dakota would be pressing for new regulations because flaring rates there are running around 30 percent. In the month of April alone, $50 million dollars of natural gas was burned off, completely wasted. The article was discussing shale oil wells, not shale gas ones, but it suggests that, when it comes to controlling flaring, there's evidence the store is not being adequately minded. (At present, there are no federal regulations at all on flaring.) As long as gas is cheap, the economic incentives to avoid waste are obviously insufficient.
Why Gas is Unlikely To Be a Bridge to Renewables
In a perfect world, people would use gas to replace more polluting coal or oil. Unfortunately, the argument for gas rests on just that assumption: that the world works perfectly. You don't need to be a scientist, however, to know just how flawed that assumption is. In fact, economists have long argued that a paradox of energy efficiency is this: if people save energy through efficiency and their energy bills start to fall, they may begin to use more energy in other ways. So while their bills stay the same, usage may actually rise. (It's like going to a sale and instead of saving money, buying more things because of the lower price tags.) In this way, consumers can actually end up using more energy overall and so emissions continue to rise. To ensure that natural gas use doesn't follow such a path, you've got to do something. You could introduce a law, like AB32, the California emissions control law, or put in place the pending EPA carbon rule just introduced by the Obama administration that mandates emissions reductions. Or you could introduce a hefty carbon tax to create a strong financial incentive for people to choose non-carbon based fuels. But laws like AB32 are at present few and far between, the fossil fuel industry and its political and ideological allies are fighting the EPA carbon rule tooth and nail and only a handful of political leaders are prepared to stand up in public and argue for a new tax. Meanwhile, global fossil fuel production and consumption are rising. A recent article by the business editor of the British Telegraph describes a frenzy of fossil fuel production that may be leading to a new financial bubble. The huge increase in natural gas production is, in reality, helping to keep the price of such energy lower, discouraging efficiency and making it more difficult for renewables to compete. And this raises the most worrisome issue of all. Embedded in all positive claims for gas is an essential assumption: that it replaces other more polluting fuels. But what if it also turns out to replace the panoply of alternative energies, including solar, wind, hydro, and nuclear? In Canada, where shale-gas development is well advanced, only a small fraction of electricity is generated from coal; most comes from hydropower or nuclear power. In the U.S., competition from cheap gas was recently cited by the owners of the Vermont Yankee Nuclear power plant as a factor in their decision to close down. And while the evidence may be somewhat anecdotal, various reports suggest that cheap gas has delayed or halted some renewable power projects. It stands to reason that if people believe natural gas is a "green" alternative, they will chose it over more expensive renewables.
Exports and Infrastructure: The Road to More Climate Change
We've all heard about the Keystone XL Pipeline through which Canada proposes to ship oil from the Alberta tar sands to the U.S. Gulf Coast, and from there to the rest of the world. Few people, however, are aware that the U.S. has also become a net exporter of coal and is poised to become a gas exporter as well. Gas imports have fallen steadily since 2007, while exports have risen, and several U.S. gas companies are actively seeking federal and state approvals for the building of expanded gas export facilities. Once coal leaves our borders, the argument for replacing it becomes moot because there's no way for us to monitor how it's used. If gas replaces coal in the U.S. and that coal is then exported and burned elsewhere, then there's no greenhouse gas benefit at all. Meanwhile, the negative effects of coal have been passed on to others. All of the available scientific evidence suggests that greenhouse gas emissions must peak relatively soon and then fall dramatically over the next 50 years, if not sooner, if we are to avoid the most damaging and disruptive aspects of climate change. Yet we are building, or contemplating building, pipelines and export facilities that will contribute to increased fossil fuel use around the globe, ensuring further increases in emissions during the crucial period when they need to be dramatically decreasing. We are also building new power plants that will be with us for a long time. (A typical power plant is expected to operate for at least 50 years.) Once technologies are adopted and infrastructure built to support them, it becomes difficult and expensive to change course.
Historians of technology call this "technological momentum." Certain forms of infrastructure also effectively preclude others. Once you have built a city, you can't use the same land for agriculture. Historians call this the "infrastructure trap." The aggressive development of natural gas, not to mention tar sands, and oil in the melting Arctic, threaten to trap us into a commitment to fossil fuels that may be impossible to escape before it is too late. Animals are lured into traps by the promise of food. Is the idea of short-term cuts in greenhouse gas emissions luring us into the trap of long-term failure? The institution of rules or incentives in the U.S. and around the globe to ensure that gas actually replaces coal and that efficiency and renewables become our primary focus for energy development is at this point extremely unlikely. Yet without them, increased natural gas development will simply increase the total amount of fossil fuel available in the world to burn, accelerating what is already beginning to look like a rush towards disaster. Gas advocates say that while these worries might be legitimate, U.S. greenhouse gas emissions nonetheless fell between 2008 and 2012, partly because of the way gas is replacing coal in electricity generation. This claim needs to be closely examined. In fact, it seems as if the lion's share of that decrease was simply the result of the near global economic meltdown of 2007-2008 and the Great Recession that followed. When economic activity falls, energy use falls, so emissions fall, too. Not surprisingly, preliminary data from 2013 suggest that emissions are on the rise again. Some of the rest of the 2008-2012 decline was due to tighter automobile fuel economy standards. But how do we know what our emissions actually are? Most people would assume that we measure them, but they would be wrong. Emissions are instead calculated based on energy data—how much coal, oil, and gas was bought and sold in the U.S. that year—multiplied by assumed rates of greenhouse gas production by those fuels. Here's the rub: the gas calculation depends on the assumed leakage rate. If we've been underestimating leakage, then we've underestimated the emissions. Though the converse is also true, few experts think that anyone is overestimating gas leakage rates. This is not to say that emissions didn't fall in 2008-2012. They almost certainly did, again because of the recession. But the claim that there's been a large decrease thanks to natural gas remains unproven.
Why the Enthusiasm for Gas?
The reason for industry enthusiasm isn't hard to discern: a lot of people are making a lot of money right now in shale gas. Chalk up the enthusiasm of the Canadian government, politicians in gas-rich states like Texas, North Dakota, and Pennsylvania, and individuals who have made money leasing their properties for gas drilling to the same factor. In those gas-rich states, employment, too, has benefited (even as the familiar social problems characteristic of boom towns have also increased). On natural gas, the Obama administration seems to be looking for a compromise that Democrats and Republicans can support, and that does not invoke the wrath of the powerful and aggressive oil and gas industry or voters in states like Pennsylvania. In the process, it's surely tempting to demonize the coal industry, with its long history of abusive labor practices, its callous disregard for occupational health, and its catastrophic environmental record. Since few of us ever see coal in our daily lives, a future without coal seems not only imaginable but overdue. But when it comes to natural gas, what about the enthusiasm of some environmentalists? What about groups like the Environmental Defense Fund that have a long track record on climate change and no history of love for the oil and gas industry? What about scientists? In such cases, I think the positive response to the exploitation of natural gas lies in a combination of wishful thinking and intimidation. The fossil fuel industry and their allies have spent the past 20 years attacking environmentalists and climate scientists as extremists, alarmists, and hysterics. Their publicists have portrayed them as hair-shirt wearing, socialist watermelons (green on the outside, red on the inside) who relish suffering, kill jobs, and want everyone to freeze in the dark. Extremists do exist in the environmental movement as everywhere else, but they represent a tiny faction of the community of people concerned about climate change, and they are virtually nonexistent in the scientific community. (Put it this way: if there is a hair-shirt wearing climate scientist, I have not met her.) While the accusations may be false, that doesn't mean they don't affect our thinking. Too often, environmentalists find ourselves trying to prove that we are not what they say we are: not irredeemable anti-business job-killers.
We bend over backwards to seek out acceptable compromises and work with business leaders, even to the point of finding a fossil fuel that we can love (or at least like). And that leads to the wishful thinking. We want to find solutions, or at least meaningful steps in the right direction, that command widespread support. We want gas to be good. (I know I did.) Climate change is a gargantuan challenge, and it's bloody hard to see how we are going to solve it and maintain our standard of living, much less extend that standard to billions more around the globe who want it and deserve it. If gas is good, or at least better than what we have now—then that feels like a good thing. If gas moved us substantially in the right direction, then that would be a good thing. After all, can't the leakage problem be fixed? Our panel spent considerable time discussing this question. Industry representatives said, "Trust us, we've been drilling wells for 100 years." But some of us wondered, "If they haven't solved this problem in 100 years, why would they suddenly solve it now?" A strong system of monitoring and compliance enforcement could help create incentives for industry to find a solution, but the odds of that developing any time soon seem as remote as the odds of a binding international treaty. Sometimes you can fight fire with fire, but the evidence suggests that this isn't one of those times. Under current conditions, the increased availability and decreased price of natural gas are likely to lead to an increase in U.S. greenhouse gas emissions. Preliminary data from 2013 suggest that that is already occurring. And global emissions are, of course, continuing to increase as well. Insanity is sometimes defined as doing the same thing, but expecting a different result. Psychologists define perseveration as repetitive behavior that interferes with learning. Whatever we call it, that seems to be what is happening. And whatever it is, it doesn't make sense. Natural gas is not the bridge to clean energy; it's the road to more climate change.
Naomi Oreskes is professor of the history of science and affiliated professor of earth and planetary sciences at Harvard University, and co-author, with Erik Conway, of Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming, co-author of Environmental Impacts of Shale Gas Extraction in 2014, and (with Conway) The Collapse of Western Civilization: A View from the Future. This article was first published on TomDispatch.


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I've got a PDF that is automatically generated from a certain piece of software, that I want to include in the report I'm writing. I'm using pdfpages
which gets the job done elegantly, but the problem is, the PDF has a lot of white space around the actual content (which is a graphics) and I always have to do some tedious post-processing of the automatically generated document so that it fits well in my report. Changing the output of the software to eliminate the white space is not an option (or at least, would be much more trouble than it's worth).
I checked the pdfpages
manual, but wasn't able to find an option that does that. Ideally, I'd like to be able to set margins from each direction, and the PDF is then cropped accordingly and included.
What other options do I have to control what portion of the included PDF is visible in the final document?

subset: commoncrawl


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The 2013 edition of MakeUp in Paris is offering 12 conferences on topical beauty issues as part of its line-up for the event taking place June 20–21, 2013, at the Carrousel du Louvre in Paris. The conferences will feature prominent figures from the global and European beauty industry, and will cover the production of beauty formulas to packaging and the distribution of products and beyond.
To note, this year, the conferences have a special focus on Korea, a burgeoning beauty market for trends, consumers and more.
The conferences on Thursday, June 20 will include "Makeup and Skin Care," with speakers from Strand Cosmetics, Sothys, Fiabila, Yves Rocher and Kanebo; "The Impact of Smell in Makeup," with speakers from Cinquieme Sens, BeautyWorld Connexions, and The Smell and Taste Lab; "Colors & Beauty: Past Present and Future," with speakers from Comité Français de la Couleur; "Foundation, A Concentrate of Innovations," with speakers from Make Up For Ever, B.KolorMakeup & Skincare, Genealogy, SGD and QuadPack-Yonwoo France; "What Trend for What Choice?" with speakers from Lumson; "The Red Colour," with a color management consultant speaker; and "Summer 2014 Beauty Trends: From Sociological Decryption to Creative Avenues," with speakers from Carlin International.
For Friday, June 21, the conference offerings will be "Mascara, a Global Product," with speakers from Ancorotti Cosmetics and Geka Brush Company; "Korea, a Champion in Makeup Innovation," with speakers from FS Korea, Cosmecca, AmorePacific and Hwa Sung Cosmetics; "The Sleever Makeup Solution," with speakrs from Sleever International; "Makeup and the Strategies of Luxury Brands," with speakers from NaO Design Trends; "Sale Target: What Training for Sales Consultants?" with speakers from Galeries Lafayette Lyon Part Dieu; and "The Blue Colour," with a color management consultant speaker.
Register to attend and learn more about MakeUp in Paris' offerings here.


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While the acceptance of gay, lesbian and bisexual teens continues to grow — albeit gradually — study after study consistently shows that many of these adolescents still experience considerable rejection from the very source they crave acceptance most: their families.
Now a study reveals for the first time the impact that a supportive family can have on the physical and mental health of gay, lesbian and bisexual children. Researchers led by Caitlin Ryan, director of the Family Acceptance Project, a research, education and policy initiative designed to better understand the role that sexual orientation has on family dynamics, found that teens from families who supported their sexual orientation were less likely to abuse drugs, experience depression or attempt suicide than those in less accepting families. The teens in the more supportive environments also self-reported higher levels of self-esteem and self-worth. (More on Time.com: Cyberbullying? Homophobia? Tyler Clementi's Death Highlights Online Lawlessness)
That acceptance from their families can have a positive effect on teens isn't surprising, but what sets the new study apart is the fact that Ryan and her colleagues were able to define specific behaviors by parents and family that were perceived as being either accepting or rejecting of teens' sexual orientation, and to connect these behaviors to mental and health outcomes in kids.
Ryan points out, for example, that parents who tried to show support by attempting to change their children's sexual preferences — in order to help their children become more accepted in school and society — were instead perceived as rejecting their child's individuality and sexual expression. "What we showed was that by trying to prevent a child from learning about their sexual identity or from being part of support groups, or by telling them they are ashamed of them or not talking about their sexual identity, these kinds of reactions are rejecting behaviors that are all linked to negative health and mental health outcomes in children when they become adults," says Ryan. (More on Time.com: 'It Gets Better': Wisdom From Grown-Up Gays and Lesbians to Bullied Kids)
Based on in depth interviews with families and children who were gay, lesbian, bisexual or transgender, the researchers collected a list of 55 positive behaviors and a similar number of negative behaviors that volunteers were then asked to rate based on the frequency with which they experienced them.
Positive behaviors included, for example, anything from openly discussing the child's sexual orientation to participating as a family in gay, lesbian or bisexual events, while negative behaviors included not discussing the child's sexual identity at all, or keeping it secret from family and friends. (More on Time.com: Florida's Gay Adoption Ban Crumbles: The Dad Behind the Case Celebrates)
When Ryan's team compared the responses of those in supportive versus less accepting families, they found that teens in the more nurturing families had nearly half the rate of suicide attempts during a designated six-month study period as those in less supportive households. These youngsters also scored lower on a scale designed to assess depression, and were less likely to report substance abuse in the five years prior to the study.
The findings, published in the Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, says Ryan, "are very exciting because they empower ethnically and religiously diverse families and those that are socially conservative in ways that help them to understand how they can help their children and balance their deeply held values and beliefs with the love they have for their child." (More on Time.com: A Glimmer of Hope in a Bad-News Survey About Bullying)
The Family Acceptance Project is conducting research to define behaviors that families can use to become more supportive and nurturing of gay, lesbian and bisexual adolescents, and much of that education, says Ryan, involves building new skills in communicating and showing empathy for their children in ways that are not punitive or hurtful, but respectful of their sexual choices.
That's especially important since other research suggests that their sexual orientation can lead to more severe sanctions for gay, lesbian and bisexual teens, both at school and in the criminal justice system. A new study, published Monday by Pediatrics, found that even after controlling for the fact that gay and lesbian youth may be more likely to be involved in criminal activity out of self-defense or rebellion, they were still punished more severely than heterosexual teens for the same transgressions. The data highlight the importance of ensuring that adolescents of all sexual orientations feel supported and respected, especially at home. "Even for parents who are really struggling with accepting their child's sexual orientation, there are ways to show their children that they love them, and to give them some hope that there will be a time when the family will be able to support them more proactively," says Ryan.
Related Links:
Why You're Gay: A New Study Shows Why Boy Rats Like Other Boy Rats
The Authentic Self: How Do You Know If You're 'Really' Racist or Sexist?
Cheating, Sexual Promiscuity and Risk-Taking May Lie in a Person's Genes


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Firearms Expert Reacts To Crysis Franchise Guns
Jonathan Ferguson, a weapons expert and Keeper of Firearms & Artillery at the Royal Armouries, breaks down the weaponry from the Crysis franchise, including the iconic starting pistol, the SCAR, ...
Jonathan Ferguson, a weapons expert and Keeper of Firearms & Artillery at the Royal Armouries, breaks down the weaponry from the Crysis franchise, including the iconic starting pistol, the SCAR, ...
From Witcher 3 to Ark: Survival Evolved, we ran these 10 games at 4k on our Alienware Area 51 until it chugged. See what topped the list!
Could the invisibility cloaking technology of video games become a reality? Cam investigates!
Whether you're a traditionalist or all about the avante-garde, the PC had what you needed--and then some.
Crysis 3 is now available globally!
Want to see which version of Crysis 3 has the best rain drops? We do a graphics comparison video with PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 and PC versions of the game!
Help defend the crash site in this multiplayer match from Crysis 3.
A Ceph incinerator drone tries to burn Prophet out of his hiding places in Crysis 3.
Taking out soldiers with the bow helps Prophet stay hidden while trying to make it past a gun turret.
Ceph stalk the flooded streets trying to keep Prophet from advancing.
After a quick energy surge Prophet looks around the city as he approaches a watch tower.
Prophet tries out his new toy on some Cell soldiers in the rain.
After using up the Pincher ammo, this player decides to go the stealthy route and just stab his opponent.
Tower 3 gets decimated as Prophet uses a Ceph weapon to take out the weapons.
Kevin VanOrd suits up and hits the destroyed streets of New York in this video review for Crysis 3.
After letting a little skirmish play out between Ceph and Cell soldiers, Prophet takes out what's left behind.
Prophet gets his hands dirty as he manages a bloody escape from some Cell Soldiers.
After making some easy stealth kills with the Bow, Prophet makes his way toward the Dam.
Using some good old stealth in conjunction with the Bow makes killing easy in the destroyed streets of New York.
Join us at London's BFI IMAX for an advance look at Crysis 3 and a multiplayer tournament.
This week we check out Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance, Crysis 3, Assassin's Creed III: The Tyranny of King Washington - The Infamy, The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim - Hearthfire and ...
New York is as screwed up as ever, which is why you need to grab your Nanosuit and pinch rifle in this episode of the Gun Show.
In the final episode of the 7 Wonders of Crysis 3 video series, Prophet will need to utilize the powers of his signature Nanosuit and his arsenal of advanced weapons ...
Mike Read of Crytek stops by to show you the Safeties Off level of Crysis 3.
Take a look at how Prophet handles his Nanosuit backed by the sounds of Muse's "Liquid State."
Jump on board the Pinger and unleash plasma hell on your enemies in the Crysis 3 Multiplayer Beta on PC.
Daylight hunting makes for easy targets in the Crysis 3 Multiplayer Beta on PC.
It doesn't matter how fast you run, the hunters will get you in the Crysis 3 Multiplayer Beta on Xbox 360.
Cell Operatives won't see this cloaked hunter coming in the Crysis 3 Multiplayer Beta on Xbox 360.
Aaron and Ryan fire up the Crysis 3 Multiplayer beta and die. A lot.
The fifth episode of the 7 Wonders of Crysis 3 video series focuses on the deadliest weapon in Prophet's arsenal: the Nanosuit.
Cam and Seb jump into the Crysis 3 multiplayer beta to see if they make better hunters or prey.
Check out the latest trailer showcasing the tactical warfare and sandbox gameplay of Crysis 3's multiplayer.
Check out a trailer for Crysis 3 highlighting the Nanosuit: the ultimate in tactical combat armor.
The fourth installment of The 7 Wonders of Crysis 3 introduces you to the Typhoon.
In this episode, Prophet utilizes the deadly combination of his enhanced Nanosuit and his lethal arsenal.
In this latest gameplay video from Crysis 3, Prophet and Psycho continue to fight their way through the Fields beneath the Nanodome of NYC in an attempt to meet up ...
Are you ready for the thrill of the hunt in Crysis 3.
In the first episode of the "7 Wonders of Crysis" series, Prophet returns to an imprisoned New York City, trapped within the confines of the CELL Corporation's Nanodome.
CEO Cevat Yerli claims "no game will ever look technically better than Crysis 3" on current gen; says Crysis 2 is technically superior to most games.


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Charles W. Sorensen poses at the entrance to Bowman Hall shortly after he arrived at UW-Stout to become chancellor. Prior to being named to the post, Sorensen served as vice president for Academic Affairs at Winona State University in Winona, Minn.
Chancellor Charles W. Sorensen makes a point at a campus meeting. Administratively, Sorensen initiated a new campus governance process in May 1996: the Chancellor's Advisory Council, which includes representatives from all campus constituencies.
UW-Stout received the 2001 Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award in a 2002 ceremony in Washington, D.C. From left to right are Donald Evans, secretary of Commerce; Julie Furst-Bowe, associate vice chancellor; Chancellor Charles W. Sorensen; President George W. Bush; and Rod Paige; education secretary.
Sorensen is shown here in 2002 with former Gov. Scott McCallum signing an agreement with computer vendors establishing the eStout laptop program. It provides laptop computers to all undergraduates and is the foundation for a campuswide digital learning environment.
Sorensen wields a shovel at the groundbreaking for the Jarvis Hall Science Addition. Another major focus of Sorensen's was to expand science-related programs at UW-Stout. New science programs include applied science, which has a preprofessional track that prepares students for medical and other professional pursuits; cognitive science; science education; and technology and science education.
Chuck and Toni Poll-Sorensen at an event for the Board of Regents meeting at UW-Stout in 2012.
Charles W. Sorensen and his wife Toni Poll-Sorensen receive a standing ovation from the Wisconsin state Senate in February 2014. The state Senate and state Assembly passed a joint resolution commending Sorensen for his contributions to UW-Stout.
From left, Chancellor Charles W. Sorensen, University of Wisconsin System President Ray Cross and Chancellor-designate Robert Meyer are pictured at the UW-Stout Visioning Session in July 2014. Chancellor Charles W. Sorensen and Doug Mell, Executive Director of Communications and External Relations discuss Sorensen's 26 years leading UW-Stout, the accomplishments, the lessons learned and his plans for retirement.


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In Circles Large Wedge Project Bag
Features -
Leather strapping and metallic nylon zip closure. A personal favorite for all projects. Stable yet can squeeze into any tote for on the go. Generous size is perfect for larger shawls, sweaters and blankets.
- Outer fabric is a denim canvas fabric. The bottom is a waxed canvas for feel and durability.
- Liner is Cotton quilting fabric.
- Leather is genuine, hardware is metal and zipper is a metallic nylon.
- Outside there is a DarnYarnMN cork tag.
Finished size -
Boxed bottom is 6" by 6"
Height is 14" and top opening is 12".


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The acts of this apostle's martyrdom, though rejected by Tillemont, &c. are maintained to be genuine by Nat. Alexander, Hist. t. 1, and by Mr. Woog, professor of history and antiquities at Leipsic, in learned dissertations published in 1748 and 1751. The authority of this piece being contested, little stress is laid upon it: and the following account is gathered from the sacred writings, and those of the fathers.
ST. ANDREW was a native of Bethsaida, a town in Galilee, upon the banks of the lake of Genesareth. He was the son of Jonas or John, a fisherman of that town, and brother to Simon Peter, but whether elder or younger the holy scriptures have not acquainted us. They had afterwards a house at Capharnaum, where Jesus lodged when he preached in that city. It is no small proof of the piety and good inclinations of St. Andrew, that when St. John Baptist began to preach penance in the desert, he was not content with going to hear him as others did, but became his disciple, passed much of his time in hearing his instructions, and studied punctually to practise all his lessons and copy his example; but he often returned home to his fishing trade. He was with his master when St. John Baptist seeing Jesus pass by the day after he had been baptized by him, said: Behold the Lamb of God.
Andrew, by the ardour and purity of his desires, and his fidelity in every religious practice, deserved to be so far enlightened as to comprehend this mysterious saying, and, without delay, he and another disciple of the Baptist went after Jesus, who drew them secretly by the invisible bands of his grace, and saw them with the eyes of his spirit before he beheld them with his corporal eyes. Turning back as he walked, and seeing them follow him, he said: What seek ye? They said, they desired to know where he dwelt: and he bade them come and see. There remained but two hours of that day, which they spent with him, and, according to several fathers, the whole night following. "O how happy a day, how happy a night did they pass!" cries out St. Austin.
"Who will tell us what things they then learned from the mouth of their Saviour. Let us build ourselves a dwelling for him in our hearts, to which he may come, and where he may converse with us." For this happiness is enjoyed by a soul which opens her affections to God, and receives the rays of his divine light in heavenly contemplation. The joy and comfort which St. Andrew felt in that conversation are not to be expressed by words. By it he clearly learned that Jesus was the Messias and the Redeemer of the world, and resolved from that moment to follow him: he was the first of his disciples, and therefore is styled by the Greeks the Protoclet, or First Called.
Andrew, who loved affectionately his brother Simon, called afterwards Peter, could not rest till he had imparted to him the infinite treasure which he had discovered, and brought him to Christ, that he might also know him. Simon was no sooner come to Jesus, but the Saviour of the world admitted him as a disciple, and gave him the name of Peter. The brothers tarried one day with him to hear his divine doctrine, and the next day returned home again. From this time they became Jesus's disciples, not constantly attending upon him, as they afterwards did, but hearing him frequently, as their business would permit, and returning to their trade and family affairs again.
Jesus, in order to prove the truth of his divine doctrine by his works, wrought his first miracle at the marriage at Cana in Galilee, and was pleased that these two brothers should be present at it with his holy mother. Jesus, going up to Jerusalem to celebrate the Passover, stayed some days in Judæa, and baptized in the Jordan. Peter and Andrew also baptized by his authority, and in his name. Our Saviour being come back into Lower Galilee in autumn, and meeting one day Peter and Andrew fishing in the lake, before the end of the same year, he called them to a constant attendance upon the ministry of the gospel, saying, that he would make them fishers of men. Whereupon, they immediately left their nets to follow him, and never went from him again. The year following the Son of God formed the college of his apostles, in which our two brothers are named by the evangelists at the head of the rest.
Not long after, Jesus went down to Capharnaum, and lodged at the house of Peter and Andrew, and, at the request of them both, cured Peter's wife's mother of a fever, by taking her by the hand, and rebuking the fever, by which it left her. When Christ would not send away the multitude of five thousand persons, who had followed him into the desert, till they were refreshed with some food, St. Philip said two hundred penny worth of bread would not suffice. But Andrew seemed to express a stronger faith, saying, there was a boy who had five barley loaves and two small fishes: which, indeed, were nothing among so many: but Christ could, if he pleased, exert his power, seeing he was greater than Eliseus who, with twenty loaves, fed a hundred men.
When Christ was at Bethania, at the house of Lazarus, a little before his Sacred Passion, certain Greeks who came to worship God at the festival, addressed themselves to Philip, begging him to introduce them to Jesus. Philip did not undertake to do it alone; but spoke to St. Andrew, and they both together spoke to their divine master, and procured these strangers that happiness. This shows the great credit St. Andrew had with Christ; on which account St. Bede calls him the Introductor to Christ, and says he had this honour, because he brought St. Peter to him. Christ having foretold the destruction of the temple, Peter, John, James, and Andrew, asked him privately when that should come to pass, that they might forewarn their brethren to escape the danger.
After Christ's resurrection and the descent of the Holy Ghost, St. Andrew preached the gospel in Scythia, as Origen testifies. Sophronius, who wrote soon after St. Jerom, and translated his catalogue of illustrious men, and some other works into Greek, adds Sogdiana and Colchis. Theodoret tells us, that he passed into Greece; St. Gregory Nazianzen mentions particularly Epirus, and St. Jerom Achaia. St. Paulinus says, this divine fisherman, preaching at Argos, put all the philosophers there to silence.
St. Philastrius tells us, that he came out of Pontus into Greece, and that in his time people at Sinope were persuaded that they had his true picture, and the pulpit in which he had preached in that city. The Muscovites have long gloried that St. Andrew carried the gospel into their country as far as the mouth of the Borysthenes, and to the mountains where the city of Kiow now stands, and to the frontiers of Poland.
If the ancients mean European Scythia, when they speak of the theatre of his labours, this authority is favourable to the pretensions of the Muscovites. The Greeks understand it of Scythia, beyond Sebastopolis in Colchis, and perhaps also of the European; for they say he planted the faith, in Thrace, and particularly at Byzantium, afterwards called Constantinople. But of this we meet with no traces in antiquity. Several Calendars commemorate the feast of the chair of St. Andrew at Patræ in Achaia. It is agreed that he laid down his life there for Christ.
St. Paulinus says, that having taken many people in the nets of Christ, he confirmed the faith which he had preached, by his blood at Patræ. SS. Sophronius, Gaudentius, and Austin assure us, that he was crucified; St. Peter Chrysologus says, on a tree; Pseudo-Hippolytus adds, on an olive-tree. In the hymn of Pope Damasus it is barely mentioned that he was crucified.
When the apostle saw his cross at a distance, he is said to have cried out: "Hail precious cross, that hast been consecrated by the body of my Lord, and adorned with his limbs as with rich jewels. I come to thee exulting and glad; receive me with joy into thy arms. O good cross, that hast received beauty from our Lord's limbs: I have ardently loved thee; long have I desired and sought thee: now thou art found by me, and art made ready for my longing soul: receive me into thy arms taking me from among men, and present me to my master; that he who redeemed me on thee, may receive me by thee."
Upon these ardent breathings St. Bernard writes:"When he saw at a distance the cross prepared for him, his countenance did not change, nor did his blood freeze in his veins, nor did his hair stand on end, nor did he lose his voice, nor did his body tremble, nor was his soul troubled, nor did his senses fail him, as it happens to human frailty: but the flame of charity which burned in his breast, cast forth sparks through his mouth." The saint goes on, showing that fervour and love will make penance and labour sweet, seeing it can sweeten death itself, and, by the unction of the Holy Ghost, make even its torments desirable.
The body of St. Andrew was translated from Patræ to Constantinople in 357, together with those of SS. Luke and Timothy, and deposited in the church of the apostles, which Constantine the Great had built a little before. SS. Paulinus and Jerom mention miracles wrought on that occasion. The churches of Milan, Nola, Brescia, and some other places were, at the same time, enriched with small portions of these relics, as we are informed by SS. Ambrose, Gaudentius, Paulinus, &c.
When the city of Constantinople was taken by the French, Cardinal Peter of Capua brought the relics of St. Andrew thence into Italy in 1210, and deposited them in the cathedral of Amalphi, where they still remain.
Thomas the Despot, when the Turks had made themselves masters of Constantinople, going from Greece into Italy, and carrying with him the head of St. Andrew, presented it to Pope Pius II., in the year 1461, who allotted him a monastery for his dwelling, with a competent revenue, as is related by George Phranza, the last of the Byzantine historians, who wrote in four books the history of the Greek emperors after the Latins had lost Constantinople, with a curious account of the siege and plunder of that city by the Turks, in which tragical scene he had a great share, being Protovestiarius, one of the chief officers in the emperor's court and army.
It is the common opinion that the cross of St. Andrew was in the form of the letter X, styled a cross decussate, composed of two pieces of timber crossing each other obliquely in the middle. That such crosses were sometimes used is certain: yet no clear proofs are produced as to the form of St. Andrew's cross. It is mentioned in the records of the duchy of Burgundy, that the cross of St. Andrew was brought out of Achaia, and placed in the nunnery of Weaune near Marseilles. It was thence removed into the abbey of St. Victor in Marseilles, before the year 1250, and is still shown there. A part thereof inclosed in a silver case gilt, was carried to Brussels by Philip the Good, duke of Burgundy and Brabant, who, in honour of it, instituted the Knights of the Golden Fleece, who, for the badge of their Order, wear a figure of this cross, called St. Andrew's cross, or the cross of Burgundy.
The Scots honour St. Andrew as principal patron of their country, and their historians tell us, that a certain abbot called Regulus, brought thither from Patræ, in 369, or rather from Constantinople some years later, certain relics of this apostle which he reposited in a church which he built in his honour, with a monastery called Abernethy, where now the city of St. Andrew's stands. Usher proves that many pilgrims resorted to this church from foreign countries, and that the Scottish monks of that place were the first who were called Culdees.
Hungus, king of the Picts, soon after the year 800, in thanksgiving for a great victory which he had gained over the Northumbrians, gave to this church the tenth part of all the land of his dominions. Kenneth II., king of the Scots, having overcome the Picts, and entirely extinguished their kingdom in North Britain in 845, repaired and richly endowed the church of St. Regulus or Rueil, in which the arm of St. Andrew was reverently kept.
The Muscovites say he preached the faith amongst them, and honour him as the principal titular saint of their empire. Peter the Great instituted under his name the first and most noble Order of knighthood, or of the blue ribbon: leaving the project of a second Order of St. Alexander Newski, or of the red ribbon, to be carried into execution by his widow.
St. Andrew, by conversing with Christ, extinguished in his breast all earthly passions and desires, and attained to the happiness of his pure divine love. We often say to ourselves, that we also desire to purchase holy love, the most valuable of all treasures, and the summit of dignity and happiness. But these desires are fruitless and mere mockery, unless we earnestly set about the means. In the first place, we must be at the expense (if that can be called an expense, which is the first step to true liberty and happiness) of laying a deep foundation of humility, meekness and self-denial. We must first, with the apostle, leave all things; that is to say, we must sincerely and in spirit forsake the world, (though we live in it,) and must also renounce and die to ourselves before we can be admitted to the familiar converse of our Redeemer and God, or before he receives us to his chaste spiritual embraces, and opens to us the treasure of his choicest graces.
This preparation and disposition of soul, it must be our constant care always to improve; for, in the same proportion that the world and self-love are banished from our hearts, shall we advance in divine love. But this great virtue, the queen, the form, and the soul of all perfect virtue is learned, exercised, and improved, by conversing much with God in holy meditation, reading, and assiduous fervent prayer and recollection: also by its external acts, in all manner of good works, especially those of fraternal charity and spiritual mercy.


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Simulating, replacing, or otherwise
Oliver Boberg's work identifies generic typologies of space – a loading dock, an underpass, or public square – and collects snapshots of different examples, in order to distil their essence into home-made hand painted table top models. He then hires a photographer to shoot this "ideal" reconstruction, creating an image of familiar yet placeless space that "verifies the imaginary." According to Boberg, "It's as if I'm building a personal version of the world. I hope that in 20 years or so there will be something like a Boberg Universe."
Meanwhile Thomas Demand, a fellow German, takes photographs of life-size architectural models. Usually, he finds an image of a culturally or historically important space, and then rebuilds it in paper and cardboard. He then – you guessed it! – photographically reproduces the life-size simulation of a model that was built from a magazine or newspaper illustration in the first place. Not only that, but he apparently accounts for the distortions of single lens photography (as opposed to bifocal human vision) when building his model, "so that the experience of viewing the photograph of his construction is more true than viewing the photograph of the real thing." Although Demand's photographs are titled generically ("Barn," "Room," "Studio,") and although the fact that everything is made of colored paper takes away any specificity of place, these reconstructions are not Bobergian "types." In fact, Demand's Universe consists rather specifically of Hitler's Berlin bunker, serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer's hallway, the Berlin headquarters of the Stasi following the fall of the communist regime, and the untidy kitchen of Saddam Hussein's Tikrit bunker.
The Demandian reproduce, reproduce, destroy, proliferate process (model/photograph/destroy model/multiple prints) has also encompassed the office where the rebuilding of Munich was planned after World War II, as well as a model/photograph that is either Bill Gates' dorm room or the hotel room in which L. Ron Hubbard, founder of Scientology, wrote Dianetics (Google could go either way on that one). One of Demand's most recent works is "Space Simulator," which does not, as you might otherwise imagine, automate his working method. In fact, it seems rather nostalgic and Heath Robinson-esque – "like some kind of mistake – like a crumpled piece of paper, or a Frank Gehry building that hadn't been finished."
Is this the seductive engine of simulacra's final triumph?
And finally, there are more constructed histories in "Burned Cabin," "Unpapered Cabin," or "Dark Bathroom," where very specific clues to solve real-life crimes lie hidden in "Nutshell Studies of Unexplained Death." Frances Glessner Lee (who grew up in Chicago's Glessner House) built 19 dollhouses to teach forensics to police recruits. She noted, "The inspector may best examine them by imagining himself a trifle less than six inches tall." In case you were wondering, the photographer Corinne May Botz has already beaten you to it …


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News Story
Who's Best in 2012? Aerospace Wins Alumni Cup
In a first-of-its-kind competition at the Clark School, teams representing each department competed against each other for the Clark School Alumni Cup on February 24 as part of National Engineers Week. The final standings put aerospace engineering in first place, civil and environmental engineering in second and materials science and engineering in third place.
The goal for each team was to create a Rube Goldberg-inspired device that inflated and popped a balloon. Each team had to incorporate some aspect of its discipline in its device. Bioengineering featured animal power in their creation; aerospace engineering's contraption included a flying space monkey and textbooks by Professor Emeritus John Anderson; chemical and biomolecular engineering incorporated phase-changing fluid into its device; materials science and engineering incorporated magnetic fields in their set-up; civil and environmental engineering included the concepts of water management, transportation and construction in its elaborate setup; mechanical engineering made use of fluid dynamics to fill its balloon; electrical and computer engineering activated its device by placing a cell phone call.
Students had one week to fabricate their devices and many stayed up three nights in a row to complete the projects. During the competition, each team had three chances to run their devices. Aerospace engineering ran its device successfully on all three attempts.
School spirit was another factor on which teams were judged and civil engineering seemed to win in this category with many students wearing hard hats, chanting and painting their chests to show their pride. Materials science and engineering students donned cleanroom suits.
The teams were judged by a group consisting of Associate Dean Bill Fourney, Alumni Director Josey Simpson, and alumni Doyin Adewodu (M.S. '10, electrical engineering) and Greg Wollard (B.S. '89), engineering alumni chapter president.
The winning aerospace engineering team will be memorialized on the Alumni Cup trophy to be displayed for the next 12 months in the west lobby of Glenn L. Martin Hall. Each member of the team also received a medallion.
"The Clark School Alumni Chapter exhibited strong commitment to students in managing and providing funding for the competition, in particular Kevin Schoonover, B.S. '06, aerospace engineering, and Liz Goldwasser, B.S. '03, mechanical engineering, who devised the idea," said Clark School Dean Darryll Pines.
Published February 27, 2012


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The lifespan of batteries are affected by their usage patterns and environments.
If you find yourself charging your phone too often,
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- Electrochemical Deterioration of the Battery
These events occur after repetitive battery use, resulting in electrochemical deterioration.
High levels of deterioration could cause steep and instantaneous voltage drops,
thereby resulting in the device shutting down in order to preserve the electrical components.
- Shutdown Due to the Usage Environment
An extremely cold environment may cause a greater drop in voltage.
In this case, the device will shut down to protect its components.
Signs of Battery Deterioration
As battery efficiency decreases, the battery may deplete drastically or shut down,
even if the screen indicates that there is plenty of battery power left.
If you are having issues with a deteriorated battery, visit your local Samsung Support Centre for advice.
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Packable Sun Hat - Kombu
Packable Sun Hat - Kombu
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The sun always shines, even when you don't see it. It's there behind the clouds! So pack a hat, 'cause you never know when you'll want a little instant shade. It packs into itself and bursts forth when needed—just like the sun through those clouds. And the wind? Let it blow, that's what the chin straps are for anyways.
● Packs into its own circular pouch for easy carrying and storage
● Adjustable headband and chin straps
● Fits heads sizes up to 23 ½"
● Brim diameter measures 19 ¾"
● 100% organic cotton
● Machine washable


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MISSION, Kan. — What students are learning about the insurrection at the U.S. Capitolon Jan. 6 may depend on where they live.
In a Boston suburb in heavily Democratic Massachusetts, history teacher Justin Voldman said his students will spend the day journaling about what happened and talking about the fragility of democracy.
"I feel really strongly that this needs to be talked about," said Voldman, who teaches history at Natick High School, 15 miles (24 kilometers) west of Boston. As the grandson of a Holocaust survivor, he said "it is fair to draw parallels between what happened on Jan. 6 and the rise of fascism."
Voldman said he feels fortunate: "There are other parts of the country where ... I would be scared to be a teacher."
Liz Wagner, an eighth and ninth grade social studies teacher in a Des Moines suburb of increasingly Republican Iowa, got an email from an administrator last year, warning teachers to be careful in how they framed the discussion.
"I guess I was so, I don't know if naïve is the appropriate word, perhaps exhausted from the pandemic teaching year last year, to understand how controversial this was going to be," she said.
Some students questioned Wagner last year when she referred to what happened as an insurrection. She responded by having them read the dictionary definition for the word. This year, she will probably show students videos of the protest and ask them to write about what the footage shows.
"This is kind of what I have to do to ensure that I'm not upsetting anybody," Wagner said. "Last year I was on the front line of the COVID war, trying to dodge COVID and now I'm on the front line of the culture war, and I don't want to be there."
With shouting crowds at school board meetings and political action committees investing millions in races to elect conservative candidates across the country, talking to students about what happened on Jan. 6 is increasingly fraught.
Teachers now are left to decide how — or whether — to instruct their students about the events that sit at the heart of the country's division. And the lessons sometimes vary based on whether they are in a red state or a blue state.
Facing History and Ourselves, a nonprofit that helps teachers with difficult lessons on subjects like the Holocaust, offered tips on how to broach the topic with students in the hours after the riot.
Within 18 hours of publication, it had 100,000 page views — a level of interest that Abby Weiss, who oversees the development of the nonprofit's teaching tools, said was unlike anything the group has seen before.
In the year that has followed, Weiss said, Republican lawmakers and governors in many states have championed legislation to limit the teaching of material that explores how race and racism influence American politics, culture and law.
"Teachers are anxious," she said. "On the face of it, if you read the laws, they're quite vague and, you know, hard to know actually what's permissible and what isn't."
Racial discussions are hard to avoid when discussing the riot because white supremacists were among those descending on the halls of power, said Jinnie Spiegler, director of curriculum and training for the Anti-Defamation League. She said the group is concerned that the insurrection could be used as a recruitment tool and wrote a newly released guide to help teachers and parents combat those radicalization efforts.
"To talk about white supremacy, to talk about white supremacist extremists, to talk about their racist Confederate flag, it's fraught for so many reasons," Spiegler said.
Anton Schulzki, the president of the National Council for the Social Studies, said students are often the ones bringing up the racial issues. Last year, he was just moments into discussing what happened when one of his honors students at William J. Palmer High School in Colorado Springs said, "'You know, if those rioters were all Black, they'd all be arrested by now."
Since then, three conservative school board candidates won seats on the school board where Schulzki teaches, and the district dissolved its equity leadership team. He is covered by a contract that offers academic freedom protections, and has discussed the riot periodically over the past year.
"I do feel," he said, "that there may be some teachers who are going to feel the best thing for me to do is to ignore this because I don't want to put myself in jeopardy because I have my own bills to pay, my own house, to take care of, my own kids to take back and forth to school."
Concerned teachers have been reaching out to the American Federation of Teachers, which last month sued over New Hampshire's new limits on the discussion of systemic racism and other topics.
"What I'm hearing now over and over and over again is that these laws that have been passed in different places are really intended to chill the discussion of current events," said Randi Weingarten, the union's president and a former social studies teacher. "I am very concerned about what it means in terms of the teaching as we get closer and closer to January 6th."
The biggest fear for Paula Davis, a middle school special education teacher in a rural central Indiana district, is that the discussion about what happened could be used by teachers with a political agenda to indoctrinate students. She won't discuss Jan. 6 in her classroom; her focus is math and English.
"I think it's extremely important that any teacher that is addressing that topic does so from an unbiased perspective," said Davis, a regional chapter chair for Moms for Liberty, a group whose members have protested mask and vaccine mandates and critical race theory. "If it cannot be done without bias, then it should not be done."
But there is no way Dylan Huisken will avoid the topic in his middle school classroom in the Missoula, Montana, area town of Bonner. He plans to use the anniversary to teach his students to use their voice constructively by doing things like writing to lawmakers.
"Not addressing the attack," Huisken said, "is to suggest that the civic ideals we teach exist in a vacuum and don't have any real-world application, that civic knowledge is mere trivia."
Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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Microtech L.U.D.T - Tan Handle / Black Plain Edge Blade - 135-1TA
Microtech L.U.D.T - Tan Handle / Black Plain Edge Blade - 135-1TA
Sold Out
The Microtech L.U.D.T knife series is a premium automatic knife at an affordable price. This is one of those knives that is not fancy or flashy but it works...and it works well. Microtech starts with a contoured aluminum handle that has great ergonomics whether you have a larger or a smaller hand. The blade is a drop point made of M390 super steel and has a contoured spine with soft yet effective gimping on top for hard use. The blade deploys quickly and is one of the snappier automatic knives I have encountered. The custom hardware and lanyard finish it off nicely.
The Microtech LUDT series of knives can be found in a variety of color combinations and can be plain edge or partially serrated.
- 3.40" Drop Point Blade in a black finish
- Tan Aluminum contoured handles
- Automatic Opening for rapid deployment
- Carries smaller than the size would make you believe.
- Made in USA
Blade Material: | M390 or 204P or Elmax |
Blade Style: | Drop Point |
Blade Length: | 3.40" |
Overall Length: | 8.00" |
Handle Length: | 4.60" |
Handle Material: | Tan Aluminum |
Lock System: | Button Plunge Lock |
Weight: | 3.62 ounces |
Pocket Clip: | Right Hand Tip Up |
Country of Origin: | USA |
Collections: Automatic Knives, Folding Knives, Microtech Knives
View full details


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About the Company
For over three decades the Kream N' Kone of Chatham has been serving award winning fried seafood and soft serve ice cream. From burgers, hot dogs, and grilled chicken to fried and broiled seafood, we have something for everyone. Being family owned and operated, we guarantee you will always get that personal touch. Seafood has largely become one of America's last wild caught food sources. Kream N' Kone of Chatham buys and serves only the highest quality and freshest seafood available from local fishermen and purveyors.


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A McDonald's franchisee is looking into claims by two customers who reported finding worms in their food at separate Kentucky restaurants.
But according to CBS news, Michael Love -- owner-operator of the two restaurants – said that subsequent health inspections did not uncover any issues.
One of the customers who found the alleged worms was Mayfield resident Madison Stephens. She told WPSD-TV that after a live worm fell out of her hamburger as she prepared to bite into it -- she had purchased the food for both herself and her 1-year-old son.
Stephens said that when she contacted McDonald's about the incident, they sent her a $10 gift card.
About 25 miles away, at a McDonald's in Draffenville, customer Lacey Jo Lovett also reported finding a worm in her hamburger.
Meanwhile, Love claims he still has been unable to substantiate the claims.


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If this photo I made ten minutes ago excites you, you're going to love this real estate listing for our home.
🤙 Join the Group Chat on email, RSS, Micro.Blog, or ActivityPub
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Enhanced Reporting with Multi-Framework Support 📝
You can now create multiple reports from different frameworks for your job. This allows you to:
- Gain Framework-Specific Insights: Instantly identify performance metrics and potential issues unique to each framework.
- Simplify Analysis: Focus on the results that matter most without sifting through a combined report. Explore framework-specific details and pinpoint areas for improvement with ease.
- Enhanced Organization: Maintain a clear and organized overview of your entire test suite. Separate reports provide a structured view, allowing you to efficiently track the performance of each framework.
📕 Read the documentation - Test Reports to learn more about it.
Browser Support in HyperExecute 🚀
HyperExecute has released support for new version of browsers (Chrome, Edge and Firefox)


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Lead Dr. Helsing and his assistant Raffton on their quest to rid the world of Dracula's evil horde
and cleanse the unholy blight that contains them!
Get it now for iPhone & iPod Touch! Helsing's Fire |
... or in eyeball-shattering HD for iPad! Helsing's Fire HD |
Awards To Validate
Video To Watch
Description To Engulf
Helsing's Fire is an innovative new puzzle game created exclusively for the iPhone, iPod Touch, and iPad. With intuitive touchscreen controls, use your torch and limited supply of powerful tonics to pierce the shadows and destroy Dracula's monsters. Torch placement is critical, and different tonics affect each creature differently. Be careful not to hurt the innocent!
Screenshots To Behold
Features To Ponder
Fresh Mechanics | Completely new gameplay mechanic with natural touch controls. Concepts are introduced gradually and combined to increase the challenge. |
Carry-on Gameplay | Quick and rewarding puzzles make it hard to stop playing. |
Lots of Levels | 3 individual campaigns and a total of 180 levels, with randomly-generated puzzles. Replay the entire game for a new experience every time. |
Lots of Monsters | 14 monster types with their own individual logic including 5 challenging bosses. |
Clear, Colorful Graphics | Light and shadows move dynamically with your touch. Character portraits and enemy sprites are hand-drawn with a distinct style. |
Engaging Story | Featuring our fearless heroes on their noble quest to destroy Dracula. |
Survival Mode | How long can you hold out against the encroaching horde? |
Crystal Integration | Compare your scores, earn achievements, and challenge your friends. |
Online Bounties | Compete against other players to solve globally-shared puzzles. |
Original Music and Sound Effects |
Quotes To Convince
... Helsing's Fire is one of those puzzle games that does something completely original and is unbelievably entertaining.
Appolicious/Yahoo! Games
... To simply describe Helsing's Fire ($0.99) by Clickgamer as a puzzle game would be a great injustice. First off, it's a truly unique puzzle game, a rarity on a system in which even the newest of games can almost always be compared to a previous release.
... Helsing's Fire reinvents the puzzle yet again with some light and dark dynamics I guarantee you have NOT seen yet. Prepare to be enthralled!
... The game never stops hitting the player with new gameplay mechanics throughout its 90 levels, so it never loses its fun and original appeal, and the boss battles are some of the most unique and challenging I've seen in an iPhone app. This is a game that would absolutely only work on the iOS platform, and it's hands-down one of the best games on the App Store. It gets my highest recommendation.
Cult of Mac
... In truth, I could recommend the game for the congratulatory fist bump performed by Dr. Helsing and Rafton upon the successful completion of a level alone... but the gameplay is truly captivating as well. With over 90 levels and three separate endless modes, Helsing's Fire is an absolute steal of a value. Give it a whirl.
... With its insidious wit and gothic charm, Helsing's Fire is a joyously original instant classic that iPhone owners should buy immediately.
... For 99 cents, Helsing's Fire offers up a good bit of original gameplay that spans 90 different levels. A survival mode and full Crystal integration add some extra fun as well, so the game is well worth the buck.
... While the screenshots and preview video definitely piqued my interest,
Helsing's Fire is even better than I expected. Dark gothic creatures wrapped
up in amusing sequences of Victorian dialogue and, not to be forgotten, that
excellent light and shadow puzzle mechanic. It's one of the most unique
games I've ever played and is a true App Store gem. Surely only a creature
of darkness would let this one slip by them.
... This is where the fire of the title comes in and is the main tool in
Helsing's box of tricks. It's a unique mechanic for a puzzle game that I
have never come across before....
... I love the simple graphic art style, particularly the illustrations of Helsing and the monsters during cut scenes. But what impresses the most is the 2D representation of the light, and how it hits static objects and casts shadows as you drag it around with your finger in realtime. It's a great effect, and intrical to the success of the puzzles. Helsing's Fire is one of those budget games that can so easily get lost amongst all the other $0.99 games on the AppStore, but it's one I implore you not to miss.
... I love the simple graphic art style, particularly the illustrations of Helsing and the monsters during cut scenes. But what impresses the most is the 2D representation of the light, and how it hits static objects and casts shadows as you drag it around with your finger in realtime. It's a great effect, and intrical to the success of the puzzles. Helsing's Fire is one of those budget games that can so easily get lost amongst all the other $0.99 games on the AppStore, but it's one I implore you not to miss.
... And as well as the interesting gameplay and stylish graphics, another thing that impresses are the subtle and gentlemanly interactions between Raffton and Van Helsing.
... Helsing's Fire is a new iOS puzzle game created by the Ratloop team, whose enviable portfolio includes the IGF finalists Rocketbirds: Revolution! and Mightier.
... If you're in need of a creative puzzler with hand-drawn art and original music for your iPhone/iPod Touch, look to Helsing's Fire, the latest from Ratloop, the indie team behind 2009 and 2010 Independent Games Festival awards finalists Mightier and Rocketbirds : Revolution!
And Finally
Helsing's Fire is published by Chillingo's Clickgamer, the world's premier iPhone game publisher.
Check the Clickgamer game page for more info.


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Self-Adherent Wrap, 3" x 5 yds, Tan, Hand Tear, Latex Free (LF), 24 rl/cs (022590)
Product Description: A Latex-Free cohesive bandage with EasyTear� patented technology used to secure, protect, compress or support. Easy to apply and remove. Controlled compression � will not constrict - 12 lbs tensile strength. EasyTear� patented technology � no scissors needed. Soft, strong � will not slip.
Availability: Stock Item
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Payment & Security
Your payment information is processed securely. We do not store credit card details nor have access to your credit card information.


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The British Birankai (formerly British Aikikai ) was born out of the natural evolution of events in the development of Aikido in the United Kingdom.
TK Chiba Shihan commenced his Aikido training in 1958 as an uchideshi (live-in student) of Morihei Ueshiba, the founder of Aikido, at the Hombu Dojo in Tokyo. He studied with the Founder intensively for seven years and in 1966 he was assigned to Great Britain to form its first national Aikikai organization, the Aikikai of Great Britain. The assignment of Chiba Shihan followed the return to Japan in 1964 of Professor Kenshiro Abbe, one of the pioneers of Aikido in the UK who spent ten years in Britain and founded the British Aikido Council.
During the ten years Chiba Shihan spent in the UK, he also helped to promote Aikido in Belgium, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Holland, Morocco, Spain and Switzerland. In 1970 he was promoted to 6th Dan and awarded the title 'Shihan', Master Instructor.
Chiba Shihan returned to Japan in 1976 and on the invitation of the United States Aikido Federation (USAF), he moved to San Diego in 1981 where he formed the San Diego Aikikai and where the Western region of the USAF began operation. He was promoted to 8th Dan in 1994.
The Aikikai of Great Britain underwent many changes and was renamed the British Aikido Federation when Chiba Shihan returned to Japan in 1976. In 1987 after ten years of struggle the United Kingdom Aikikai (UKA) was formed under the guidance of Chiba Shihan out of the British Aikido Federation. Following Chiba Shihan's resignation from the UKA a group of his senior students came together to form the British Aikikai with Chiba Shihan as its Technical Director in 1995. The BA was initially affiliated directly to the USAF Western Region (www.usafwr.org) and in 1999 became an independent organization.
In 2000 Chiba Shihan formally founded Birankai International as a non-profit educational organization dedicated to the growth of Aikido and to bring together all his students throughout the world under one umbrella. In December 2005 the Aikido World Headquarters in Tokyo, Japan officially recognized Birankai International. Further information on the website www.birankai.org.
From January 2006 the British Aikikai was renamed British Birankai in line with the guidelines set out by Birankai International. British Birankai was given official recognition by Aikido World Headquarters, Tokyo, Japan in April 2006.
The British Birankai is a member of the JAC.


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NewsTrust.net (Your Guide to Good Journalism) and The Huffington Post's OffTheBus have joined forces on a ground-breaking citizen journalism project. Everyone is invited to participate. From the NewsTrust blog:
Think of this 'news hunt' as a scavenger hunt for good journalism on John McCain. All week, from Monday, June 2nd, through Sunday, June 8th, we will collectively review hundreds of news articles and opinions about the candidate, using the NewsTrust review tools. Together, we will rate the news based on quality, not just popularity -- by evaluating each article's fairness, sourcing, context and other core principles of good journalism. This focus on quality information and news literacy can help us all make more informed decisions as citizens, as well as re-build the trust that has been lost between the news media and the public.
For the past two nights, I have read and reviewed a few articles. Using the media literacy review tool which pops up next to the article has helped guide me to evaluate the articles. Bias in journalism exists, and this tool helps identify it. The more people get involved in this, the more media-literate people there will be — a key component of a healthy democracy and society.
This testimonial about NT highlights some key features about this beta site:
"It's hard to think of another site quite like NewsTrust ... The fact that they are a non-profit whose only agenda is gathering quality news is probably the secret to their success -- in terms of integrity and objectivity, I can't think of a source I'd trust more." — Christopher Mims - Scientific American
This short tutorial provides a basic overview of how NT works:
NewsTrust could really benefit from additional participation from writers and bloggers (hint, hint).


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Vocabulary R-Z
Random Access Memory (see also DRAM, SDRAM). A data storage device for which the order of access to different locations does not affect the speed of access. This is in contrast to magnetic disk or magnetic tape where it is much quicker to access data sequentially because accessing a non-sequential location requires physical movement of the storage medium rather than just electronic switching. The most common form of RAM in use today is built from semi-conductor integrated circuits, which can either be static (SRAM) or dynamic (DRAM).
See System Registry
Right Click
To right-click an item is to point to it with the screen pointer, and then quickly press and release the right mouse button once.
Read-Only Memory. A type of data storage device which is manufactured with fixed contents. The term is most often applied to semiconductor integrated circuit memories. ROM is inherently non-volatile storage – it retains its contents even when the power is switched off, in contrast to RAM. It is used in part for storage of the lowest level bootstrap software (firmware) in a computer.
Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) is a computer bus technology primarily designed for transfer of data to and from devices like hard drives, CD-ROM drives and so on. SAS is a serial communication protocol for direct attached storage (DAS) devices. It is designed for the corporate and enterprise market as a replacement for parallel SCSI, allowing for much higher speed data transfers than previously available, and is backwards-compatible with SATA drives. Though SAS uses serial communication instead of the parallel method found in traditional SCSI devices, it still uses SCSI commands for interacting with SAS End devices.
Serial ATA
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
First generation (1.5 Gbit/s) SATA ports on a motherboard
In computer hardware, Serial ATA (SATA, IPA: /?se?.t?/ or /?sæ.t?/) is a computer bus technology primarily designed for transfer of data to and from hard disks and optical drives. It was designed as a successor to the legacy Advanced Technology Attachment standard (ATA), and is expected to eventually replace the older technology ( retroactively renamed Parallel ATA or PATA). Serial ATA adapters and devices communicate over a high-speed serial link.
"Scuzzy" redirects here. For the British Columbian sternwheeler. SCSI is most commonly pronounced "scuzzy".
SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) is a set of standards for physically connecting and transferring data between computers and peripheral devices. The SCSI standards define commands, protocols, and electrical and optical interfaces. SCSI is most commonly used for hard disks and tape drives, but it can connect a wide range of other devices, including scanners, and optical drives (CD, DVD, etc.). The SCSI standard contains definitions of command sets of specific peripheral device types; the presence of "unknown" as one of these types means that in theory it can be used to interface almost any device, but the standard is highly pragmatic and addressed toward commercial requirements.
Stands for synchronous dynamic random Access memory (see also DRAM). SDRAM incorporates new features that make it faster than standard DRAM and EDO memory.
The tracks on a disk are divided into sectors. Clusters contains from 1 to 64 sectors.
To select an item is to identify to the computer one or more files or folders that you wish to do something with. This is usually done by pointing to an item, with the screen pointer and then quickly pressing and releasing the left mouse button once.
SharePoint Database
Collaborative portal application based on the Windows SharePoint Services platform, a free component of Windows Server 2003. Windows SharePoint Services offers online publishing of standard file formats.
A physical connector on a motherboard to hold an expansion card, SIMM, DIMM, or a processor card in place.
A receptacle usually on a motherboard, that processors or chips can be inserted into.
System Registry
The system configuration files used by Windows 95, 98 and NT to store settings about user preferences, installed software, hardware and drivers, and other settings required for Windows to run correctly. The system updates the registry every time you add new hardware or a new program to your system.
System Rescue Disk
See Boot Disk.
Most commonly found in relation to a SCSI chain, this functions to prevent the reflection or echoing of signals that reach the ends of the SCSI bus. Usually terminators are hardware circuits or jumpers.
To unzip is to extract (see extract) a Zip archive.
Many file formats are 8-bit (also called binary) which means that the basic unit of information – a byte – comprises 8 on/off signals. Email, however, is a 7-bit (or text) medium, preventing the transfer of 8-bit data. UUencoding compensates for this restriction by converting 8-bit data to 7-bit data. UUencode accomplishes this by joining all of the file's bits together into a single stream, and then dividing the stream into 7-bit chunks. The data are then emailed and received by someone who must UUdecode it.
Video Adapter
An expansion card or chip set built into a motherboard that provides the capability to display text and graphics on the computer's monitor. If the adapter is part of an expansion card, it also includes the physical connector for the monitor cable. If it is a chip set on the motherboard, the video connector will be on the motherboard also.
A virus is a program written to cause mischief or damage to a computer system. A mild virus might only be a slight nuisance, or even amusing. However, most viruses do damage, whether to your files, your registry, or even your hardware. Viruses are hard to detect, easy to propagate, and difficult to remove. Your computer can pick up a virus when you copy a seemingly normal file from a diskette or download it from the Internet.
Warm Boot
Rebooting a system by means of a software command as opposed to turning the power off and on. See also cold boot.
A wizard is a series of dialog boxes that guides you step by step through a procedure.
To zip (notice the lower case z ) a file is to compress it into an archive so that it occupies less disk space.
Zip archive
An archive of one or more Zip-compressed files. When used as a noun, Zip is typically capitalized. Compressed files can come in many formats besides Zip.
Zip file
A Zip archive that Windows presents as a single file. In general, the contents can not be accessed unless the archive is decompressed.
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