text:
I can barely bring myself to type the words.
You are five.
The tiny six pound baby I met five years ago has become a sassy, sensitive, curious, energetic, smart, silly five year old. You are thriving in your Montessori Pre-Kindergarten program; you've learned to write your own name, are working on upper and lower case letters, and are determined to reach your goal of counting to 100. Your teacher tells us that your are polite and respectful in the classroom. You enjoy playing "school" and teaching your father and I songs and dances or "reading" to us for "group time."
Your love for your family is evident. You enjoy introducing us all to everyone we meet, including servers at restaurants and random strangers on the street. You believe that your daddy can fix anything and that your mama is beautiful. We love weekend mornings when you come and snuggle with us and tell us about your dreams.
You are a loving and playful big sister, and your patience with your little brother is unmatched. That is, with him, you actually have some! You love to teach him, and are quick to jump his defense and remind us that he is a baby and he is still learning.
Your favorite foods are pasta, cereal, green peppers, apples, and ice cream. You love to check the mail and help around the kitchen. You thrive on routine and have an urgent need to prepare for what lies ahead, always asking what we'll be doing tomorrow and double and triple and quadruple checking our plans.
You're a bold and bright child; you can take command of a room instantly, and it's not unusual for people to find themselves unwittingly following your every direction without realizing it. Some may you call you bossy; I prefer to describe you as having excellent leadership skills and an assertive personality.
This morning, we woke up to the first snowfall of the season, and you insisted on going out to play in it immediately, at 6:30 am. You had no interest in the balloons and streamers your father hung with care; no interest in the brightly adorned packages that awaited you. You were interested only in snow pants, boots, and dancing in the snow. I hope you never lose that determination, and that your zest for the here and now stays with you always.
You take after many strong females before you. In your life, there will be people who shush you. People who criticize you for being too intimidating. People who tell you that ladies don't act like that. People who fear the power you emit. Do not bow to those people. Show those people that you are proud of who you are and what you do. Be gracious and kind, but firm in your convictions.
I look forward to the great things you will do in this life. I hope that you will always be as unabashedly YOU as you are now. I hope that your fiery spirit and gentle compassion will grow stronger as the years go by. I hope that your heart will continue to be filled with wacky songs, and your feet with herky jerky dance moves, and that you will OWN it like you do right now. And I hope that the next five years don't fly by quite as quickly as these last five have.
Happy 5th birthday, my baby girl.


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Reverting to the facts of this case, if the Police department of the State with all its might is bent upon taking possession of any land or building in a clandestine manner, then, perhaps no one would be able to effectively prevent them.
46. It is our bounden duty and obligation to ascertain the intention of the Parliament while interpreting the law. Law and Justice, more often than not, happily coincide only rarely we find serious conflict. The archaic law of adverse possession is one such. A serious re-look is absolutely imperative in the larger interest of the people.
47. Adverse possession allows a trespasser - a person guilty of a tort, or even a crime, in the eyes of law - to gain legal title to land which he has illegally possessed for 12 years. How 12 years of illegality can suddenly be converted to legal title is, logically and morally speaking, baffling. This outmoded law essentially asks the judiciary to place its stamp of approval upon conduct that the ordinary Indian citizen would find reprehensible.
48. The doctrine of adverse possession has troubled a great many legal minds. We are clearly of the opinion that time has come for change.
49. If the protectors of law become the grabbers of the property (land and building), then, people will be left with no protection and there would be a total anarchy in the entire country.
50. It is indeed a very disturbing and dangerous trend. In our considered view, it must be arrested without further loss of time in the larger public interest. No Government Department, Public Undertaking, and much less the Police Department should be permitted to perfect the title of the land or building by invoking the provisions of adverse possession and grab the property of its own citizens in the manner that has been done in this case.
Petition For Special Leave To Appeal (Civil) No. 28034/2011 (Arising out of CC 9038/2010)
Decided On: 30.09.2011
State of Haryana Vs. Mukesh Kumar and Ors.
Hon'ble Judges/Coram:
Dalveer Bhandari and Deepak Verma, JJ.
1. People are often astonished to learn that a trespasser may take the title of a building or land from the true owner in certain conditions and such theft is even authorized by law.
2. The theory of adverse possession is also perceived by the general public as a dishonest way to obtain title to property. Property right advocates argue that mistakes by landowners or negligence on their part should never transfer their property rights to a wrongdoer, who never paid valuable consideration for such an interest.
3. The government itself may acquire land by adverse possession. Fairness dictates and commands that if the government can acquire title to private land through adverse possession, it should be able to lose title under the same circumstances.
4. We have heard the Learned Counsel for the State of Haryana. We do not deem it appropriate to financially burden the Respondents by issuing notice in this Special Leave Petition. A very vital question which arises for consideration in this petition is whether the State, which is in charge of protection of life, liberty and property of the people can be permitted to grab the land and property of its own citizens under the banner of the plea of adverse possession?
5. Brief facts, relevant to dispose of this Special Leave Petition are recapitulated as under:
6. The State of Haryana had filed a Civil Suit through the Superintendent of Police, Gurgaon, seeking a relief of declaration to the effect that it has acquired the rights of ownership by way of adverse possession over land measuring 8 biswas comprising khewat No. 34, khata No. 56, khasra No. 3673/452 situated in the revenue estate of Hidayatpur Chhavni, Haryana.
7. The other prayer in the suit was that the sale deed dated 26th March, 1990, mutation No. 3690 dated 22nd November, 1990 as well as judgment and decree dated 19th May, 1992, passed in Civil Suit No. 368 dated 9th March, 1991 are liable to be set aside. As a consequential relief, it was also prayed that the Defendants be perpetually restrained from interfering with the peaceful possession of the Plaintiff (petitioner herein) over the suit land. For the sake of convenience we are referring the Petitioner as the Plaintiff and the Respondents as Defendants.
8. In the written statement, the Defendants raised a number of preliminary objections pertaining to estoppel, cause of action and mis-joinder of necessary parties. It was specifically denied that the Plaintiff ever remained in possession of the suit property for the last 55 years. It was submitted that the disputed property was still lying vacant. However, the Plaintiff recently occupied it by using force and thereafter have also raised a boundary wall of police line. It was denied in the written statement that the Plaintiff acquired right of ownership by way of adverse possession qua property in question. The Defendants prayed for dismissal of suit and by way of a counter claim also prayed for a decree for possession qua suit property be passed.
9. The Trial Court framed the following Issues in the suit.
1. Whether Plaintiffs have become owner of disputed property by way of adverse possession? OPP
2. Whether sale deed 26.3.1990 and mutation No. 3690 dated 22.11.90 are null and void as alleged? OPP
3. Whether judgment and decree dated 19.05.92 passed in civil suit No. 368 dated 9.3.91 is liable to be set aside alleged? OPP
4. Whether the suit of the Plaintiff is not maintainable in the present form? OPP
5. Whether the Plaintiff has no locus-standi to file the present suit? OPP
6. Whether the Plaintiff has no cause of action to file the present suit? OPP
7. Whether the suit of the Plaintiff is bad for mis-joinder of necessary parties? OPP
8. Whether Defendants No. 1 to 4 are rightful owners of disputed property on the basis of impugned sale deed dated 23.6.1990 registered on 3.7.1990? OPP
9. Whether Defendants are entitled for possession of disputed property? OPP
10. Relief.
10. Issue No. 1 which relates to adverse possession and issue No. 4 pertaining to maintainability were decided together. According to the Trial Court, the Plaintiff has failed to prove the possession over the disputed property because the Plaintiff could not produce any documentary evidence to prove this. On the contrary, revenue records placed on the file shows that the Defendants are the owners in possession of disputed property. The Trial Court observed that possession of State, as claimed in the plaint for a continuous period of 55 years, stood falsified by the documents issued by the officials of the State.
11. The Trial Court also observed that despite claiming adverse possession, there was no pleading qua denial of title of the Defendants by the Plaintiff, so much so that the specific day when the alleged possession of State allegedly became adverse against the Defendants has not been mentioned in order to establish the starting point of limitation could be ascertained.
12. The Trial Court relied on the judgment of this Court in S.M. Karim v. Mst. Bibi Sakina MANU/SC/0236/1964 : AIR 1964 SC 1254 wherein this Court has laid down that the adverse possession must be adequate in continuity, in publicity and extent and a plea is required at the least to show when possession becomes adverse. The Court also held that long possession is not necessarily adverse possession.
13. The Trial Court also relied on a decision of the High Court of Punjab and Haryana in the case of Bhim Singh and Ors. v. Zile Singh and Ors. MANU/PH/0354/2006 : AIR 2006 P&H 195, wherein it was stated that no declaration can be sought by a Plaintiff with regard to the ownership on the basis of adverse possession.
14. The Trial Court came to specific conclusion that despite the fact that the possession of the Plaintiff over the disputed land is admitted on behalf of Defendants, Issue No. 1 stand decided against the Plaintiff. It was held that the suit of the Plaintiff claiming ownership by way of adverse possession is not maintainable. Consequently, Issue No. 1 was decided against the Plaintiff and Trial No. 4 was decided in favour of the Defendants.
15. The Trial Court decided Issue Nos. 2, 3, 5 and 6 together and came to the definite conclusion that the Plaintiff failed to prove its possession over the property in question. It was also held that the Plaintiff had no locus standi to challenge the validity of the impugned sale deed, mutation as well as the judgment and decree because the Plaintiff was neither the owner nor in possession of the property in dispute. Consequently, the Plaintiff had no right to say that the impugned sale deed dated 26th March, 1990 was a sham transaction and the suit of mutation dated 22nd November, 1990 and, thereafter, the judgment and decree dated 19th May, 1992 passed in Civil Suit No. 386 dated 9th March, 1991 are liable to be set aside.
16. The Trial Court came to the conclusion that the Plaintiff having no right or title in the suit property has neither locus standi nor cause of action to file the present suit. Issue Nos. 2 and 3 were decided against the Plaintiff, whereas, Issue Nos. 5 and 6 were decided in favour of the Defendants.
17. Regarding Issue Nos. 8 and 9, the Trial Court observed that once it is held that Defendant Nos. 1 to 4 are owners of the disputed property, which is presently in possession of the Plaintiff without any right, they (Defendants) are entitled to its possession. Hence, Issue Nos. 8 and 9 were also decided in favour of the Defendants.
18. Issue No. 7 was not pressed and decided against the Defendants.
19. Regarding Issue No. 10 (relief) the Trial Court observed as under:
As a sequel to the findings of this court on the issues mentioned above, the suit of the Plaintiff stands dismissed, however, counter claim filed by Defendants is decreed with costs to the effect that they are entitled to possession of land measuring 8 biswas comprising of khewat No. 34 khata No. 56 khasa No. 3673/452 situated in revenue estate of Hidayatpur Chhavni village now the part of known as Patel Nagar, Gurgaon. Decree sheet be drawn accordingly. File be consigned to the record room after due compliance.
20. The Plaintiff, aggrieved by the judgment of the Trial Court filed an appeal (Civil Appeal No. 33) before the learned Additional District Judge, Gurgaon. Learned Additional District Judge while deciding the appeal, relied on the judgment of the Punjab & Haryana High Court delivered in the case of Food Corporation of India and Anr. v. Dayal Singh 1991 PLJ 425, wherein it was observed that it does not behove the Government to take the plea of adverse possession against the citizens.
21. Learned Additional District Judge also relied on other judgments of Punjab & Haryana High Court in the cases of Bhim Singh and Ors. (supra) and Kanak Ram and Ors. v. Chanan Singh and Ors. MANU/PH/0125/2007 : (2007) 146 PLR 498 wherein it was held that a person in adverse possession of immovable property cannot file a suit for declaration claiming ownership and such a suit was not maintainable.
22. Before parting with the judgment the learned Additional District Judge observed regarding conduct of the Plaintiff that the present suit was filed by State of Haryana by the then Superintendent of Police, Gurgaon on 11th May, 1996. It was also observed by the learned Additional District Judge that the Police department is for the protection of the people and property of the citizens and the police department had unnecessarily dragged the Defendants in unnecessary litigation. The appeal was dismissed with exemplary cost of Rs. 25,000/-.
23. Unfortunately, despite serious strictures passed by the Court, the State of Haryana did not learn a lesson and preferred a Second Appeal (RSA No. 3909 of 2008) before the High Court of Punjab and Haryana, Chandigarh against the judgments and decrees of the two courts below.
24. The High Court, relying on the earlier judgments, observed that the welfare State which was responsible for the protection of life and property of its citizens, was in the present case, itself trying to grab the land/property of the Defendants under the garb of plea of adverse possession and hence the action of the Plaintiff is deplorable and disgraceful.
25. Unfortunately, the State of Haryana, is still not satisfied with the three strong judgments by three different forums given against the State and is still quite anxious and keen to grab the property of the Defendants in a clandestine manner on the plea of adverse possession.
26. In a democracy, governed by rule of law, the task of protecting life and property of the citizens is entrusted to the police department of the government. In the instant case, the suit has been filed through the Superintendent of Police, Gurgaon, seeking right of ownership by adverse possession.
27. The revenue records of the State revealed that the disputed property stood in the name of the Defendants. It is unfortunate that the Superintendent of Police, a senior official of the Indian Police Service, made repeated attempts to grab the property of the true owner by filing repeated appeals before different forums claiming right of ownership by way of adverse possession.
28. The citizens may lose faith in the entire police administration of the country that those responsible for the safety and security of their life and property are on a spree of grabing the properties from the true owners in a clandestine manner.
29. A very informative and erudite Article was published in Neveda Law Journal Spring 2007 with the title 'Making Sense Out of Nonsense: A Response to Adverse Possession by Governmental Entities'. The Article was written by Andrew Dickal. Historical background of adverse possession was discussed in that article.
Historical background
30. The concept of adverse possession was born in England around 1275 and was initially created to allow a person to claim right of "seisin" from his ancestry. Many felt that the original law that relied on "seisin" was difficult to establish, and around 1623 a statue of limitations was put into place that allowed for a person in possession of property for twenty years or more to acquire title to that property. This early English doctrine was designed to prevent legal disputes over property rights that were time consuming and costly. The doctrine was also created to prevent the waste of land by forcing owners to monitor their property or suffer the consequence of losing title.
31. The concept of adverse possession was subsequently adopted in the United States. The doctrine was especially important in early American periods to cure the growing number of title disputes. The American version mirrored the English law, which is illustrated by most States adopting a twenty-year statue of limitations for adverse possession claims. As America has developed to the present date, property rights have become increasingly more important and land has become limited. As a result, the time period to acquire land by adverse possession has been reduced in some States to as little as five years, while in others, it has remained as long as forty years. The United States has also changed the traditional doctrine by preventing the use of adverse possession against property held by a governmental entity.
32. During the colonial period, prior to the enactment of the Bill of Rights, property was frequently taken by states from private land owners without compensation. Initially, undeveloped tracts of land were the most common type of property acquired by the government, as they were sought for the installation of public road. Under the colonial system it was thought that benefits from the road would, in a newly opened country, always exceed the value of unimproved land.
33. The doctrine of adverse possession arose in an era where lands were vast particularly in the United States of America and documentation sparse in order to give quietus to the title of the possessor and prevent fanciful claims from erupting. The concept of adverse possession exits to cure potential or actual defects in real estate titles by putting a statute of limitation on possible litigation over ownership and possession. A landowner could be secure in title to his land; otherwise, long-lost heirs of any former owner, possessor or lien holder of centuries past could come forward with a legal claim on the property. Since independence of our country we have witnessed registered documents of title and more proper, if not perfect, entries of title in the government records. The situation having changed, the statute calls for a change.
34. In Hemaji Waghaji Jat v. Bhikhabhai Khengarbhai Harijan and Ors. MANU/SC/4083/2008 : (2009)16 SCC 517 (one of us Bhandari, J.), this Court had an occasion to examine the English and American law on "adverse possession". The relevant paras of that judgment (Paras 24 and 26 to 29) are reproduced as under:
24. In a relatively recent case in P.T. Munichikkanna Reddy v. Revamma MANU/SC/7325/2007 : (2007) 6 SCC 59, this Court again had an occasion to deal with the concept of adverse possession in detail. The Court also examined the legal position in various countries particularly in English and American systems. We deem it appropriate to reproduce relevant passages in extenso. The Court dealing with adverse possession in paras 5 and 6 observed as under: (SCC pp. 66-67)
5. Adverse possession in one sense is based on the theory or presumption that the owner has abandoned the property to the adverse possessor on the acquiescence of the owner to the hostile acts and claims of the person in possession. It follows that sound qualities of a typical adverse possession lie in it being open, continuous and hostile. (See Downing v. Bird 100 So 2d 57 Fla 1958, Arkansas Commemorative Commission v. City of Little Rock 227 Ark 1085 ; 303 SW 2d 569 (1957); Monnot v. Murphy 207 NY 240 ; (1913)100 NE 742 ; City of Rock Springs v. Sturm 39 Wyo 494 ; 273 P 908 ;(1929) 97 ALR 1 .)
6. Efficacy of adverse possession law in most jurisdictions depends on strong limitation statutes by operation of which right to access the court expires through efflux of time. As against rights of the paper-owner, in the context of adverse possession, there evolves a set of competing rights in favour of the adverse possessor who has, for a long period of time, cared for the land, developed it, as against the owner of the property who has ignored the property. Modern statutes of limitation operate, as a rule, not only to cut off one's right to bring an action for the recovery of property that has been in the adverse possession of another for a specified time, but also to vest the possessor with title. The intention of such statutes is not to punish one who neglects to assert rights, but to protect those who have maintained the possession of property for the time specified by the statute under claim of right or colour of title. (See American Jurisprudence, 3, 2d 81. It is important to keep in mind while studying the American notion of adverse possession, especially in the backdrop of limitation statutes, that the intention to dispossess cannot be given a complete go-by. Simple application of limitation shall not be enough by itself for the success of an adverse possession claim.
35. A person pleading adverse possession has no equities in his favour since he is trying to defeat the rights of the true owner. It is for him to clearly plead and establish all facts necessary to establish adverse possession. Though we got this law of adverse possession from the British, it is important to note that these days English Courts are taking a very negative view towards the law of adverse possession. The English law was amended and changed substantially to reflect these changes, particularly in light of the view that property is a human right adopted by the European Commission. This Court in Revamma (supra) observed that to understand the true nature of adverse possession, Fairweather v. St Marylebone Property Co. (1962) 2 WLR 1020 ; (1962) 2 All ER 288 can be considered where House of Lords referring to Taylor v. Twinberrow (1930) 2 K.B. 16 termed adverse possession as a negative and consequential right effected only because somebody else's positive right to access the court is barred by operation of law. As against the rights of the paper-owner, in the context of adverse possession, there evolves a set of competing rights in favour of the adverse possessor who has, for a long period of time, cared for the land, developed it, as against the owner of the property who has ignored the property.
36. The right to property is now considered to be not only constitutional or statutory right but also a human right. Human rights have already been considered in realm of individual rights such as right to health, right to livelihood, right to shelter and employment etc. But now human rights are gaining a multi faceted dimension. Right to property is also considered very much a part of the new dimension. Therefore, even claim of adverse possession has to be read in that context.
37. The changing attitude of the English Courts is quite visible from the judgment of Beaulane Properties Ltd. v. Palmer (2005) 3 WLR 554. The Court here tried to read the human rights position in the context of adverse possession. But what is commendable is that the dimension of human rights have widened so much that now property dispute issues are also being raised within the contours of human rights. With the expanding jurisprudence of the European Courts of Human Rights, the Court has taken an unkind view to the concept of adverse possession.
38. Paragraphs from 26 to 29 of Hemaji Waghaji Jat (supra) are set out as under:
26. With the expanding jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, the Court has taken an unkind view to the concept of adverse possession in the recent judgment of JA Pye (Oxford) Ltd. v. United Kingdom(2005) 49 ERG 90 which concerned the loss of ownership of land by virtue of adverse possession. In the said case, "the applicant company was the registered owner of a plot of 23 hectares of agricultural land. The owners of a property adjacent to the land, Mr. and Mrs. Graham (the Grahams) occupied the land under a grazing agreement. After a brief exchange of documents in December 1983 a chartered surveyor acting for the applicants wrote to the Grahams noting that the grazing agreement was about to expire and requiring them to vacate the land." The Grahams continued to use the whole of the disputed land for farming without the permission of the applicants from September 1998 till 1999. In 1997, Mr. Graham moved the Local Land Registry against the applicant on the ground that he had obtained title by adverse possession. The Grahams challenged the applicant company's claims under the Limitation Act,1980 (the 1980 Act) which provides that a person cannot bring an action to recover any land after the expiration of 12 years of adverse possession by another.
27. The judgment was pronounced in JA Pye (Oxford) Ltd. v. Graham (2000) 3 WLR 242 ; 2000 Ch 676. The Court held in favour of the Grahams but went on to observe the irony in law of adverse possession. The court observed that the law which provides to oust an owner on the basis of inaction of 12 years is "illogical and disproportionate". The effect of such law would "seem draconian to the owner" and "a windfall for the squatter". The court expressed its astonishment on the prevalent law that ousting an owner for not taking action within limitation is illogical. The applicant company aggrieved by the said judgment filed an appeal and the Court of Appeal reversed the High Court decision. The Grahams then appealed to the House of Lords, which, allowed their appeal and restored the order of the High Court.
28. The House of Lords in JA Pye (Oxford) Ltd. v. Graham (2003) 1 AC 419 ; (2002) 3 WLR 221 ; (2002) 3 All ER 865 (HL), observed that the Grahams had possession of the land in the ordinary sense of the word, and, therefore, the applicant company had been dispossessed of it within the meaning of the Limitation Act of 1980.
29. We deem it proper to reproduce the relevant portion of the judgment in P.T. Munichikkanna Reddy v. Revamma MANU/SC/7325/2007 : (2007) 6 SCC 59 : (SCC p. 79, paras 51-52)
51. Thereafter the applicants moved the European Commission of Human Rights (ECHR) alleging that the United Kingdom law on adverse possession, by which they lost land to a neighbour, operated in violation of Article 1 of Protocol 1 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms ('the Convention').
52. It was contended by the applicants that they had been deprived of their land by the operation of the domestic law on adverse possession which is in contravention with Article 1 of Protocol 1 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms ('the Convention'), which reads as under:
'Every natural or legal person is entitled to the peaceful enjoyment of his possession. No one shall be deprived of his possession except in the public interest and subject to the conditions provided for by law and by the general principles of international law.
The preceding provisions shall not, however, in any way impair the right of a State to enforce such laws as it deems necessary to control the use of property in accordance with the general interest or to secure the payment of taxes or other contributions or penalties.'
This Court in Revamma case also mentioned that the European Council of Human Rights importantly laid down three-pronged test to judge the interference of the Government with the right of "peaceful enjoyment of property": (SCC p. 79, para 53)
53...(In) Beyeler v. Italy (GC) No. 33202 of 1996 §§ 108-14 ECHR 2000-I, it was held that the 'interference' should comply with the principle of lawfulness and pursue a legitimate aim (public interest) by means reasonably proportionate to the aim sought to be realised."
The Court observed: (Revamma case 79-80, paras 54-56)
54...The question nevertheless remains whether, even having regard to the lack of care and inadvertence on the part of the applicants and their advisers, the deprivation of their title to the registered land and the transfer of beneficial ownership to those in unauthorized possession struck a fair balance with any legitimate public interest served.
In these circumstances, the Court concludes that the application of the provisions of the 1925 and 1980 Acts to deprive the applicant companies of their title to the registered land imposed on them an individual and excessive burden and upset the fair balance between the demands of the public interest on the one hand and the applicants' right to the peaceful enjoyment of their possessions on the other.
There has therefore been a violation of Article 1 of Protocol 1.'
55. The question of the application of Article 41 was referred for the Grand Chamber Hearing of the ECHR. This case sets the field of adverse possession and its interface with the right to peaceful enjoyment in all its complexity.
56. Therefore it will have to be kept in mind the courts around the world are taking an unkind view towards statutes of limitation overriding property rights.
39. In Hemaji Waghaji Jat case, this Court ultimately observed as under:
32. Before parting with this case, we deem it appropriate to observe that the law of adverse possession which ousts an owner on the basis of inaction within limitation is irrational, illogical and wholly disproportionate. The law as it exists is extremely harsh for the true owner and a windfall for a dishonest person who had illegally taken possession of the property of the true owner. The law ought not to benefit a person who in a clandestine manner takes possession of the property of the owner in contravention of law. This in substance would mean that the law gives seal of approval to the illegal action or activities of a rank trespasser or who had wrongfully taken possession of the property of the true owner.
33. We fail to comprehend why the law should place premium on dishonesty by legitimising possession of a rank trespasser and compelling the owner to lose his possession only because of his inaction in taking back the possession within limitation.
Fifth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution a principle of a civilized society
40. Another important development in the protection of property rights was the Fifth Amendment. James Madison was the drafter and key supporter for the Fifth Amendment. The Fifth Amendment states: "nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation". The main issue is to pay just compensation for acquiring the property. There are primarily two situations when a landowner may obtain compensation for land officially transferred to or depreciated by the government. First, an owner may be entitled to compensation when a governmental entity intentionally acquires private property through a formal condemnation proceeding and without the owner's consent. The State's power to take property is considered inherent through its eminent domain powers as a sovereign. Through the condemnation proceedings, the government obtains the necessary interest in the land, and the Fifth Amendment requires that the property owner be compensated for this loss.
41. The second situation requiring compensation under Fifth Amendment occurs when the government has not officially acquired private property through a formal condemnation proceeding, but "nonetheless takes property by physically invading or appropriating it". Under this scenario, the property owner, at the point in which a "taking" has occurred, has the option of filing a claim against the government actor to recover just compensation for the loss. When the landowner sues the government seeking compensation for a taking, it is considered an inverse condemnation proceeding, because the landowner and not the government is bringing the cause of action.
42. We inherited this law of adverse possession from the British. The Parliament may consider abolishing the law of adverse possession or at least amending and making substantial changes in law in the larger public interest. The Government instrumentalities - including the police - in the instant case have attempted to possess land adversely. This, in our opinion, a testament to the absurdity of the law and a black mark upon the justice system's legitimacy. The Government should protect the property of a citizen - not steal it. and yet, as the law currently stands, they may do just that. If this law is to be retained, according to the wisdom of the Parliament, then at least the law must require those who adversely possess land to compensate title owners according to the prevalent market rate of the land or property in question. This alternative would provide some semblance of justice to those who have done nothing other than sitting on their rights for the statutory period, while allowing the adverse possessor to remain on property. While it may be indefensible to require all adverse possessors - some of whom may be poor - to pay market rates for the land they possess, perhaps some lesser amount would be realistic in most of the cases. The Parliament may either fix a set range of rates or to leave it to the judiciary with the option of choosing from within a set range of rates so as to tailor the compensation to the equities of a given case.
43. The Parliament must seriously consider at least to abolish "bad faith" adverse possession, i.e., adverse possession achieved through intentional trespassing. Actually believing it to be their own could receive title through adverse possession sends a wrong signal to the society at large. Such a change would ensure that only those who had established attachments to the land through honest means would be entitled to legal relief.
44. In case, the Parliament decides to retain the law of adverse possession, the Parliament might simply require adverse possession claimants to possess the property in question for a period of 30 to 50 years, rather than a mere 12. Such an extension would help to ensure that successful claimants have lived on the land for generations, and are therefore less likely to be individually culpable for the trespass (although their forebears might). A longer statutory period would also decrease the frequency of adverse possession suits and ensure that only those claimants most intimately connected with the land acquire it, while only the most passive and unprotective owners lose title.
45. Reverting to the facts of this case, if the Police department of the State with all its might is bent upon taking possession of any land or building in a clandestine manner, then, perhaps no one would be able to effectively prevent them.
46. It is our bounden duty and obligation to ascertain the intention of the Parliament while interpreting the law. Law and Justice, more often than not, happily coincide only rarely we find serious conflict. The archaic law of adverse possession is one such. A serious re-look is absolutely imperative in the larger interest of the people.
47. Adverse possession allows a trespasser - a person guilty of a tort, or even a crime, in the eyes of law - to gain legal title to land which he has illegally possessed for 12 years. How 12 years of illegality can suddenly be converted to legal title is, logically and morally speaking, baffling. This outmoded law essentially asks the judiciary to place its stamp of approval upon conduct that the ordinary Indian citizen would find reprehensible.
48. The doctrine of adverse possession has troubled a great many legal minds. We are clearly of the opinion that time has come for change.
49. If the protectors of law become the grabbers of the property (land and building), then, people will be left with no protection and there would be a total anarchy in the entire country.
50. It is indeed a very disturbing and dangerous trend. In our considered view, it must be arrested without further loss of time in the larger public interest. No Government Department, Public Undertaking, and much less the Police Department should be permitted to perfect the title of the land or building by invoking the provisions of adverse possession and grab the property of its own citizens in the manner that has been done in this case.
51. In our considered view, there is an urgent need for a fresh look of the entire law on adverse possession. We recommend the Union of India to immediately consider and seriously deliberate either abolition of the law of adverse possession and in the alternate to make suitable amendments in the law of adverse possession. A copy of this judgment be sent to the Secretary, Ministry of Law and Justice, Department of Legal Affairs, Government of India for taking appropriate steps in accordance with law.
52. This Special Leave Petition is dismissed with costs of Rs. 50,000/- (Rupees Fifty Thousand only) to be paid by the State of Haryana for filing a totally frivolous petition and unnecessarily wasting the time of the Court and demonstrating its evil design of grabbing the properties of lawful owners in a clandestine manner. The costs be deposited within four weeks from the date of pronouncement of this judgment. In this petition, we did not issue notice to the Defendants, therefore, we direct that the costs be deposited with the National Legal Services Authority for utilizing the same to enable the poor litigants to contest their cases.
53. This Special Leave Petition being devoid of any merit is accordingly dismissed.

subset: commoncrawl


text: Daniel Says I'm Sorry: Daniel, Katerina and Miss Elaina are playing cars at school, until Miss Elaina accidentally upsets Daniel. Teacher Harriet helps the children learn how to apologize to a friend. Later, when Daniel accidentally upsets Katerina, he knows just what he needs to do! The Royal Sandbox: Daniel and Prince Wednesday are making sand pies in the sandbox. They decide to top off a sand pie with Prince Tuesday's royal crown, but they soon see that this wasn't such a good idea. They learn how to apologize to Prince Tuesday and make the situation better - by helping clean the crown and promising to ask first next time.


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Swift, strong, and tenacious beyond mortal reason, Flesh Hounds run their prey to the ground without mercy. Those who seek to trick or destroy these daemonic beasts with sorcery find their powers flickering to nothing, extinguished by the wrath of Khorne.
Flesh Hounds are fast, deadly and especially effective at slaying those who would dare dabble in sorcery. Usable in both Warhammer 40,000 and Warhammer Age of Sigmar, they're excellent for killing your opponents favourite characters or launching deadly flanking attacks.
This kit contains everything you need to build five Flesh Hounds. Each is armed with blood-dark claws and wears a collar of Khorne.
The set is provided in 20 plastic components and is supplied with 5 x 60mm oval bases.


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Revised Common Lectionary Readings for Sunday, October 15, 2023, the Twenty-Eighth Sunday in Ordinary Time (Year A)
- First Reading Exodus 32:1-14
- Psalm 106:1-6, 19-23
- Second Reading Philippians 4:1-9
- Gospel Matthew 22:1-14
First Reading Exodus 32:1-14
1When the people saw that Moses delayed to come down from the mountain, the people gathered around Aaron, and said to him, "Come, make gods for us, who shall go before us; as for this Moses, the man who brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we do not know what has become of him." 2Aaron said to them, "Take off the gold rings that are on the ears of your wives, your sons, and your daughters, and bring them to me." 3So all the people took off the gold rings from their ears, and brought them to Aaron. 4He took the gold from them, formed it in a mold, and cast an image of a calf; and they said, "These are your gods, O Israel, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt!" 5When Aaron saw this, he built an altar before it; and Aaron made proclamation and said, "Tomorrow shall be a festival to the LORD." 6They rose early the next day, and offered burnt offerings and brought sacrifices of well-being; and the people sat down to eat and drink, and rose up to revel.
7The LORD said to Moses, "Go down at once! Your people, whom you brought up out of the land of Egypt, have acted perversely; 8they have been quick to turn aside from the way that I commanded them; they have cast for themselves an image of a calf, and have worshiped it and sacrificed to it, and said, 'These are your gods, O Israel, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt!'" 9The LORD said to Moses, "I have seen this people, how stiff-necked they are. 10Now let me alone, so that my wrath may burn hot against them and I may consume them; and of you I will make a great nation."
11But Moses implored the LORD his God, and said, "O LORD, why does your wrath burn hot against your people, whom you brought out of the land of Egypt with great power and with a mighty hand? 12Why should the Egyptians say, 'It was with evil intent that he brought them out to kill them in the mountains, and to consume them from the face of the earth'? Turn from your fierce wrath; change your mind and do not bring disaster on your people. 13Remember Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, your servants, how you swore to them by your own self, saying to them, 'I will multiply your descendants like the stars of heaven, and all this land that I have promised I will give to your descendants, and they shall inherit it forever.'" 14And the LORD changed his mind about the disaster that he planned to bring on his people.
Psalm 106:1-6, 19-23
1 Praise the Lord!
O give thanks to the Lord, for he is good;
for his steadfast love endures forever.
2 Who can utter the mighty doings of the Lord,
or declare all his praise?
3 Happy are those who observe justice,
who do righteousness at all times.
4 Remember me, O Lord, when you show favor to your people;
help me when you deliver them;
5 that I may see the prosperity of your chosen ones,
that I may rejoice in the gladness of your nation,
that I may glory in your heritage.
6 Both we and our ancestors have sinned;
we have committed iniquity, have done wickedly.
19 They made a calf at Horeb
and worshiped a cast image.
20 They exchanged the glory of God
for the image of an ox that eats grass.
21 They forgot God, their Savior,
who had done great things in Egypt,
22 wondrous works in the land of Ham,
and awesome deeds by the Red Sea.
23 Therefore he said he would destroy them —
had not Moses, his chosen one,
stood in the breach before him,
to turn away his wrath from destroying them.
Second Reading Philippians 4:1-9
1Therefore, my brothers and sisters, whom I love and long for, my joy and crown, stand firm in the Lord in this way, my beloved.
2I urge Euodia and I urge Syntyche to be of the same mind in the Lord. 3Yes, and I ask you also, my loyal companion, help these women, for they have struggled beside me in the work of the gospel, together with Clement and the rest of my co-workers, whose names are in the book of life.
4Rejoice in the Lord always; again I will say, Rejoice. 5Let your gentleness be known to everyone. The Lord is near. 6Do not worry about anything, but in everything by prayer and supplication with thanksgiving let your requests be made known to God. 7And the peace of God, which surpasses all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus.
8Finally, beloved, whatever is true, whatever is honorable, whatever is just, whatever is pure, whatever is pleasing, whatever is commendable, if there is any excellence and if there is anything worthy of praise, think about these things. 9Keep on doing the things that you have learned and received and heard and seen in me, and the God of peace will be with you.
Gospel Matthew 22:1-14
1Once more Jesus spoke to them in parables, saying: 2"The kingdom of heaven may be compared to a king who gave a wedding banquet for his son. 3He sent his slaves to call those who had been invited to the wedding banquet, but they would not come. 4Again he sent other slaves, saying, 'Tell those who have been invited: Look, I have prepared my dinner, my oxen and my fat calves have been slaughtered, and everything is ready; come to the wedding banquet.' 5But they made light of it and went away, one to his farm, another to his business, 6while the rest seized his slaves, maltreated them, and killed them. 7The king was enraged. He sent his troops, destroyed those murderers, and burned their city. 8Then he said to his slaves, 'The wedding is ready, but those invited were not worthy. 9Go therefore into the main streets, and invite everyone you find to the wedding banquet.' 10Those slaves went out into the streets and gathered all whom they found, both good and bad; so the wedding hall was filled with guests.
11"But when the king came in to see the guests, he noticed a man there who was not wearing a wedding robe, 12and he said to him, 'Friend, how did you get in here without a wedding robe?' And he was speechless. 13Then the king said to the attendants, 'Bind him hand and foot, and throw him into the outer darkness, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.' 14For many are called, but few are chosen."


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Blue Sky Spectroscopy Inc. specializes in custom spectroscopic solutions with emphasis on high throughput Fourier transform spectrometers (FTS) optimized for operation at far-infrared and submillimetre wavelengths
We also produce single pixel or imaging spectroscopic solutions at mid- and near-infrared wavelengths. We provide complete system engineering from optical, mechanical and electronic design through to manufacture, assembly, integration and verification of state of the art instrumentation.
All systems are developed under tight project management and include extensive documentation and test data. Examples include systems for the South Pole Telescope and Max Planck Institute.
Blue Sky has developed sophisticated data processing and scientific analysis software for space astronomy missions. The code meets ESA's stringent high quality assurance standards with regards to design, documentation and validation.
We provide custom development of single-pixel or imaging spectrometers from the visible to the far-infrared. We also manufacture narrow band infrared radiometers. These systems are complemented by our radiative transfer model which simulates transmission through and emission from the atmosphere and gases. Please browse through our listing of products and capabilities, and contact us with your custom infrared instrumentation requirements.
Blue Sky Spectroscopy proudly hosted the Data Analysis and Processing Centre for the SPIRE imaging Fourier transform spectrometer with funding from the Canadian Space Agency. SPIRE is one of three scientific payload instruments on the European Space Agency's Herschel mission, a far-infrared and submillimetre space observatory.
Download our brochure: BLUE-SKY-brochure PDF download


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Facelift surgery, or a rhytidectomy, is designed to restore a more youthful appearance by removing major wrinkles and sagging skin. It involves tightening of the facial and neck muscles as well as the removal of any excess skin.
The skin begins to wrinkle and sag as a result of age, sun exposure and genetics. Children and young adults have smooth, round faces due to evenly distributed fatty tissues in facial contours. Over time, the skin sags and folds are the chin, jawline and neck become prominent. Not only does a facelift improve facial appearance but also has a dramatic effect on the neck, enhancing its contour and profile.
A facelift can make a patient look 5 to 10 years younger.
Dramatic as the end results are, this is not a simple procedure. It requires a week to 10 days of recovery.
Before Surgery
We will evaluate your medical history in order to determine your overall health.
Dr. Campano will discuss with you how your face can look and what you can expect from surgery. Our objective is to create a natural appearance that is pleasing to you. Before and After photographs will reveal what the surgery has accomplished.
Preoperative Instructions: Avoid drugs that contain aspirin several weeks prior to surgery to minimize excess bleeding. You may be required to take antibiotics to prevent infection. You may be instructed to shampoo your hair the night before surgery. A small amount of hair may be shaved around your ears and temples.
The Procedure
A facelift is frequently performed in conjunction with blepharoplasty (eyelid surgery), forehead lift, chin augmentation, and/or liposuction, to create an overall rejuvenation of the face. The procedure can be repeated as gravity continues its effects after the first surgery.
Facelifts are performed in outpatient surgical centers or in a hospital setting. General anesthesia is generally required.
The surgeon will make incisions inside the hairline at the temple, in front of the ear, then around the earlobe and behind the ear, ending at the scalp area. Excess skin is removed and sagging muscles and connective tissues are tightened. In some cases, fatty deposits are removed from beneath the chin and neck. Incisions are closed with small sutures.
The procedure may take up to 5 hours depending on whether any other procedures are performed at the same time.
Post Operative Care
It is necessary to have someone drive you home and stay with you for the first 24 hours. Initially, you will have a large dressing wrapped around your head. You may have surgical drains attached to bulbs hanging at your neck. These will be removed in approximately 24 hours. Stitches around the ears will be loosened or removed in a few days. The scalp sutures will be removed in 7-10 days.
To minimize scarring, the doctor may remove the sutures in stages. Scarring fades quickly. Swelling and discoloration decrease within two weeks. Tightness in your face will be present for several weeks and there may be slight changes in your hair pattern around the incision.
We recommend that you avoid the sun for several weeks after surgery.
Complications following facelift are rare. These include bleeding, infection, loss of skin behind the ears, facial nerve injury, discoloration of the skin, numbness, asymmetry, and scarring. Infection is rare due to the large blood supply to the face. As mentioned, the risk of bleeding is greater if you take aspirin or blood thinners within 2 weeks of the surgery. The risk of wound complications increases in diabetics, persons with a history of radiation, autoimmune and collagen disease as well as in smokers.
By following pre- and post-operative instructions, you will minimize potential problems.
Recovery: What To Expect
In the weeks following surgery, the facial skin and area around the ear may be numb. There may also be some temporary discoloration as healing begins, which may take a few months to disappear. Occasionally, the facial nerve is bruised during surgery, resulting in a temporary loss of function or sensation. However, actual permanent damage to the facial nerve is rare.
The healing process is gradual, so you will not notice final results for up to 6 months. A single procedure often achieves the desired results. Most patients who have had facelifts are pleased with their new, more youthful appearance.


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Making Memories ribbon
Prima Essential Flowers
Bright and cheery Prima fowers
I thought long and hard about what I should give for my blog candy (just kidding) and then it came to me... RIBBON AND PRIMA FLOWERS of course! Duh! What else would it be? LOL
Here is what you need to do to be entered to win:
post a comment on this blog post that answers one or more of these questions:
- why you love ribbon
- why you love Prima flowers
- what you do with your ribbon and flowers
- how you store your ribbon and flowers
- how much ribbon and/or flowers you have
I think it will be hilarious to read your responses and I look forward to delving into your deepest, darkest ribbon and flower habits. :)
Winners will be chosen based on their responses to the questions above. :) To be eligible to win, please post by the last day of April. Winners will be chosen on the 1st day of May. Multiple winners will be chosen to win either ribbon, Prima flowers or a combination of the two.
Thanks to everyone who reads my blog! :)
Prizes are pictured above


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Forbidden Temptations
by Janine Infante Bosco
Publication Date: November 10, 2015
Buy (FREE with Kindled Unlimited!): Amazon
Synopsis: Anthony BianciSince I was a kid all I ever wanted to be was a gangster. I wanted to be feared, to be respected, and for everyone to know my name.
And then she came into my life.
I never planned on falling in love with the mob boss' daughter. She was forbidden but somehow she became mine. She made me crave things I didn't even know existed and made me forget about the things I thought I wanted. My quest for power faded away and was replaced by my undying love for her.
Until reality bit me in the ass and I was sent to prison for three years, doing time for a crime I didn't commit.
Now I'm out and she is creating a life for herself, just like I always wanted for her. Only I'm not a part of that life. I won't ruin her any more than I already have with my poisonous lifestyle.
No matter how tempted I am.
Adrianna Pastore
I wanted him from the very first time I laid eyes on him.
He was everything to me, my first love and probably my last.
Then my father ruined our perfect little life, and he walked away from me.
I tried to fight for him, for our love, but he pushed me away.
When the love you crave is beautiful, yet forbidden, you can't help being tempted.
So I'll fight for him. For us.
Even if I'm the only one fighting.
Book #2 in the Tempted Series (Can be read as a Standalone)
I knew all years ago nothing would come close to making me feel the way I did whenever Anthony kissed me. Even when he was kissing me goodbye he made me feel like he cherished me. I believed him when he said he'd love me forever, his actions speaking louder than his words. I hope he knew I felt the same way.I angled my head, giving him better access to devour my mouth. The thing about kissing someone goodbye is you don't get a second chance to do it right. In that moment you have to put everything into one kiss and that's exactly what we did. The last several years, everything we had gone through, everything we had felt for one another entangled in this kiss.
I savored his taste. I memorized the way his teeth felt scraping against my raw lips, the gentle lap his tongue took across them to soothe the sting. I didn't want him to take away the sting, wishing I would always feel the burning sensation that prickled against my sensitive flesh as a reminder of my Anthony.
His mouth left mine and kept going back to press butterfly kisses against my lips before dropping his hands to my shoulders and taking a retreating step backwards. I swallowed as I dared to meet his gaze.
"Let me grab a shirt and I'll walk you out," he said, gruffly. I nodded wiping my cheeks with the sleeves of my sweater. He turned around to walk into his bedroom and that's when I saw the ink taking up his entire back
The shocked gasp that escaped my mouth caused him to look over his shoulder at me. The instant he saw my face realization set into his features and he closed his eyes.
"Turn around," I demanded, softly.
He sighed, his shoulders went lax, and he dropped his head. I took a step closer and stared in awe at the beautiful artwork covering his skin. There are beautiful clouds drawn across his shoulder blades all of them shaded in hues of gray and blue, almost matching his eyes. Through the clouds, there are rays that shoot down the center of his back like rays of an eternal light. The year two thousand five looks as though the rays illuminate the numbers. My eyes travel down to the center of his back where there is the letter A written in a familiar handwriting. My first thought is that my eyes are playing tricks on me but when I take, a closer look there is no denying it. The A inked onto his skin is a replica of the A I scribe every time I sign my name .Just when I thought there were no tears left to cry, I feel my eyes fill with water as understanding dawns on me. I push back the tears and force myself to continue my perusal of the intricate tattoo he has forever etched into his flesh. There are flames that begin just beneath the waistband of his sweat pants and travel wildly, vibrant oranges, yellows and reds, all depicting an inferno as they make their way to the A. The year two thousand ten scribed between the flames of hell. I reach out and trace the A with my index finger, feeling him flinch at my touch. He gathers his bearings and remains completely still as my fingertip continues to trace the A. My eyes fixate on the two years, two thousand five was the year it all began for us, and two thousand ten was the year it ended.
He must've been reading my mind because he turned around shielding his tattoo from me as he gazed in to my eyes.
"My heaven and my hell," He whispered, roughly explaining the sentiment behind the ink that forever marks his skin. I stare at him for a moment, stripped of any words. What do you say to that? To the man telling you to forget he exists only to discover he'll take a piece of you with him wherever he goes.
You say nothing because nothing you could ever say would be enough.
Janine Infante Bosco lives in New York City, she has always loved reading and writing. When she was thirteen, she began to write her own stories and her passion for writing took off as the years went on. At eighteen, she even wrote a full screenplay with dreams of one day becoming a member of the Screen Actors Guild.Janine writes emotionally charged novels with an emphasis on family bonds, strong willed female characters, and alpha male men who will do anything for the women they love. She loves to interact with fans and fellow avid romance readers like herself.
She is proud of her success as an author and the friendships she's made in the book community but her greatest accomplishment to date would be her two sons Joseph and Paul.


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No matter which PowerDNN Enterprise solution is right for you, all of our customers get the benefit of our expertise and experience … the most valuable service we provide.
PowerDNN has been providing SMBs, enterprises, and government agencies with business-class DotNetNuke solutions since 2004. We have become the world's largest service provider focused completely on the DotNetNuke framework. Our success comes from our experienced team of US-based DotNetNuke experts that are available at our facilities 24/7/365—providing our customers with world class support.
We are experts on the entire DotNetNuke technology stack. Specialization allows us to train our team deep into the core technologies—providing hardware, operating system, application, and even module support. And our software team can focus on building tools and systems specifically for this this platform. Our customers tell us that this fundamental advantage is what has kept us the number one choice for DNN hosting.
We invest more in both staff and customer training than anyone else. We ensure that our customers have the knowledge and tools that they need. And this is why we always have the best trained DotNetNuke professionals on staff, all the time.
We are set up to accommodate the needs of large businesses and enterprise organizations. Our fully managed enterprise environments receive the care and active support that we are famous for, and we utilize first-class support tools with all of the logging and documentation to satisfy the most demanding requirements.
Our team is deeply trained for DotNetNuke at the application layer. They can help you and your development team prepare staging environments, run test upgrades, migrate, and redeploy DotNetNuke.
PowerDNN can support remote enterprise DotNetNuke infrastructures from our Network Operations Center in Omaha, Nebraska. This solution is ideal for organizations that have particular geographic or regulatory restrictions.


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Valet Trash Services Wilmington NC
"Where Communication and Commitment Come Together"
Wilmington's Premier Valet Trash Services
Valet trash is an amenity, typically provided to residents of multi-family housing, that streamlines disposal of household trash, while adding value to the property. Develop a cleaner community with happier residents from Community Concierge Services' valet trash services! At CCS, we know every apartment community has unique requirements.
Flexible Valet Trash Options:
- 5, 6, or 7 Day Pick Up Options
- Common Areas – such as grill or pool areas
- Dog Stations
Professional Valet Trash Services in Wilmington, NC
Multi-family property managers love adding valet trash services as an advantage to living in their apartment or condominiums because of these major benefits:
- Dependable Trash Collection
- A Cleaner Community
- Happier Residents
Benefits of Valet Trash Services to Wilmington Residents
- Convenience – no longer required to carry your trash across the community by hand or by placing on the hood of your car!
- Avoid Bad Weather – no more getting rained or snowed on carrying your own trash, allow us to get wet instead
- A Cleaner Community – trash in transported in leak proof totes or a pushcart to prevent spillage, resulting in a cleaner environment to live.
- Safety – no late-night walks to the compactor needed.
Valet Trash Service Benefits to Wilmington Property Owners & Managers
- Creates added NOI for the property
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- Takes burden off maintenance staff, as we help preserve the cleanliness of the compactor/dumpster area.
- Added amenity to the property at no cost
Additional Services Provided by Community Concierge Services
Pressure Washing Wilmington NC
Whether we're performing multi-family or apartment pressure washing, our team at Community Concierge Services provides you with squeaky clean surfaces. By combining power washing and soft washing techniques, we can safely and effectively clean dirt and grime away from your roof to your driveway.
Dryer Vent Cleaning Wilmington NC
When considering a place to live, many families put safety at the top of their list. Clogged dryer vents are one of the leading causes of fires in apartment homes, so it's important to have them cleaned on an annual basis. Maintaining a safe environment makes your apartment buildings more desirable to new renters and keeps current renters from moving. One of the many ways you can ensure a safer place to live includes scheduling regular dryer vent cleanings.
Gutter Cleaning Wilmington NC
Gutters reroute water away from your property's roof and foundation, preventing structural damage and mold or algae build-up. If your gutters become clogged, disconnected, or otherwise fail, you may experience problems ranging from roof leaks to dangerously soft ground around the edge of your property. When you need trustworthy gutter cleaning, contact our professional gutter specialists at Community Concierge Services.


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Dmac Media are a web development and hosting company with offices in Sligo and Dublin. Sites to go ceased operation on the 23rd August 2013. Dmac Media were approached to take over the management of Sites To Go hosting, domain and email before they ceased operation.
Billing and payment remain the same for all accounts, with invoices now coming from Dmac Media. Please email email@example.com for any invoicing queries.
We offer support for any website, hosting or email technical issues. The support team can be contacted by email on firstname.lastname@example.com
We are a web development company and so would love to form a relationship with you to see how we can further improve your existing site and create more revenue for you.
Many clients of sites to go have already moved to our platform to avail of a more flexible management system, a fresh new design and in many cases a cheaper hosting package.
Get in touch today for more information and to find out how we can help going forward.


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- 16 available
- Satin Nickel
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Complete faucet that is ready to be installed:
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- Press the space key then arrow keys to make a selection.


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The Nikon COOLPIX A is a premium compact sitting at the very top of Nikon's COOLPIX range. Does it warrant the premium price tag? Find out in our Nikon COOLPIX A review...
Nikon COOLPIX A Review
First Look
Nikon has used the Focus on Imaging show as its opportunity to showcase their latest compact camera – the Nikon Coolpix A. Featuring a 16.1MP APS-C sized sensor that lacks an optical low-pass filter much like the recently announced D7100, Nikon say it's the same sensor as found with the D7000. Paired alongside an EXPEED 2 image processor, the ISO range is identical to the D7000 and can be set between 100-6400 and is extendable at the high end to an equivalent of ISO 25,600 in the the Hi2 setting.
Designed for passionate photographers that seek full manual control and excellent image quality from a compact model, the Coolpix A supports 14-bit compressed Raw shooting well as JPEG. To keep the camera small and easy to fit in the pocket, the Coolpix A features a fixed 18.5mm f/2.8 NIKKOR lens that equivalent to 28mm in 35mm terms. This prime lens is claimed to deliver excellent image quality for the street and documentary photographers this camera is aimed at appealing to. The optical construction is made up of 7 glass elements in 5 groups, with 1 aspherical lens making up the design.
For those who like to take movies as well as stills, the Nikon Coolpix A supports full HD video at a variety of frame rates that include 30/25 and 24 frames per second. A built in stereo microphone is also offered and movies are recorded in the MPEG-4 format using H.264 compression.
The built in flash that raises from the top plate has a guide number of 6.6 and also pre-flashes for greater accuracy in extremely dark shooting situations. Turning our attention to the body, Nikon has used aluminium alloy front and back covers to keep the body as rigid and strong as possible, while the top plate is made from magnesium alloy. The on/off switch is well positioned for quick operation with the index finger and the scroll dpad at the rear can be used to quickly navigate through the menu system. As for the screen, the Nikon Coolpix A features a 3inch, 921k-dot display, however it's not a touch screen.
At the launch of the Coolpix A compact, Nikon made it known that there has been popular demand from their consumers for a model of this type for quite some time. To make it attractive for those who like to compose images via a viewfinder rather than the screen, the Nikon Coolpix A will be supported by an optional DF-CP2 Optical Viewfinder that clips onto the cameras hot shoe. It'll also be compatible with Nikon's GP-1 GPS unit and WU-1a wireless adapter for transmitting images to iOS and Android devices such as smartphones and tablets.
Available from the 21st March, the Nikon Coolpix A will cost £999.99 and will be produced in two colour variations – black and a more unusual, but desirable, titanium finish.
Additional Key Features of the Nikon COOLPIX A
- Wi-Fi compatible: use Wi-Fi to transfer your high-quality images and movies to your smart device* via an optional Wi-Fi dongle (WU-1a).
- Full HD (1080p) movie recording: in 30, 25 or 24 fps and in stereo, through the built-in stereo microphone.
- Advanced GUI: employs a graphical user interface (GUI) inherited from Nikon's DSLR range. Continuous shooting at 4 fps (up to 26 frames): capture fast-moving action at 4 frames per second.
- Optional external optical viewfinder: for those who prefer a traditional viewfinder, this optional attachment (DF-CP1) offers an alternative to the LCD screen. The 'hot shoe' can also be used to attach a more powerful External Speedlight flash unit.
Compatible with Optional GPS (GPS-1): allowing you to record the exact location (latitude and longitude) of images as a 'geotag'.


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Particulate CEM (Continuous Emissions Monitor) meets environmental regulations, such as US-EPA MACT and other standards such as ASTM D22 for monitoring particulate emissions from fabric filter baghouses, cartridge type dust collectors, cyclones, and some ESPs (electrostatic precipitators). Particulate levels down to 0.1mg/m3 can be monitored.
The company's non-optical charge induction-sensing and protected-probe technologies are said to ensure reliable measurements in all types of tough environments including cement, power, steel, carbon black, asphalt plants, incinerators, lead smelters, chemical, and pharmaceutical dryers. The system features the latest in DSP technology for advanced signal analysis and automatic self checks to meet required EPA instruments standards. The device is also said to offer lower level monitoring and higher accuracy than opacity meters with less maintenance and a simpler installation.
FilterSense; (+1) 978-927-4304


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We at Coretransformation.org respect your concerns about privacy and are committed to protect it. This Privacy policy sets out the basis on which any personal data we collect from you, or that you provide to us, will be processed by us, how we may use that information and with whom we may share it. Our Privacy policy also describes the measures we take to protect the security of the personal information. We also tell you how you can reach us to answer any questions you may have about our privacy practices. Please read the following carefully to understand our views and practices regarding your personal information and how we will treat it.
Who do we contact? We only contact individuals who specifically request that we do so or in the event that they have signed up to receive our free newsletters or have purchased one of our products.
2. What information do we collect? 2.1. Information that you provide: Name and e-mail address – information that you provide to us for the purpose of registering to receive our free products; Name, postal address, phone and credit card information – information relating to any transactions carried out between you and us on or in relation to this website, including information relating to any payments you make for our services; Demographic information – used to improve our marketing, products and services (IP address, geographical location, browser type and version, operating system, referral source, length of visit, page views, and website navigation); any information that you may provide when completing surveys that we may use for research purposes, although you are not required to respond to these; any other information that you choose to provide to us.
All such information is strictly protected and used only for delivering the content and products the user has signed up for or purchased, or for finding other people who may find our information valuable. This information is NEVER used for other purposes and is NEVER shared with 3rd parties for their own use.
A note about demographic information:
We contract with information providers that help us better understand people visiting our sites and advertise to those who find our content relevant. We may share PII with such companies provided that they have explicit policies to not share our data with any other parties and solely for the purpose of helping us understand our customers better. This technique is also called "database marketing." There is no central "opt out" place that we are aware of. There are efforts underway to reach a standard that would apply automatically based on browser settings.
Regardless of the state of privacy as a whole, you can avoid us finding out extra demographic information about you by doing the following: 1. email us using our contact page. 2. in the subject line write: "Privacy – opt out of demographic information" 3. make sure you enter the same email that you provided as customer or subscriber
2.2 Information we collect by automatic means Cookies: Like many other commercial sites, our site utilizes standard technologies called "cookies" and clear GIFs to collect information about how our Site is used. A cookie is a small data text file, which a website stores on your computer's hard drive (if your web browser permits) that can later be retrieved to identify you to us. Cookies were designed to help a website recognize a user's browser as a previous visitor and thus save and remember any preferences that may have been set while the user was browsing the site. A cookie cannot be read by a website other than the one that set the cookie. A cookie cannot pass on a computer virus or capture any of the Personally Identifiable information. Coretransformation.org may use both "session" cookies and "persistent" cookies on the website. Coretransformation.org will use the session cookies to keep track of you whilst you navigate the website. Coretransformation.org will use the persistent cookies to enable our website to recognize you when you visit. Session cookies will be deleted from your computer when you close your browser. Persistent cookies will remain stored on your computer until deleted, or until they reach a specified expiry date.
Clear GIFs: At times, we work with third-party service partners that employ clear GIFs (also known as pixel tags, single pixel GIFs, web beacons or action tags) for our benefit to help us measure advertising effectiveness. Clear GIFs are tiny graphics with a unique identifier, similar in function to cookies, and are used to track the online movements of our users. The main difference between the two is that clear GIFs are invisible on the page and are much smaller, about the size of the period at the end of this sentence. Clear GIFs are not tied to your Personally Identifiable Information and only track the visitor traffic and behavior to and on our Site. Clear GIFs can "work with" existing cookies on a computer if they are both from the same website or advertising company. That means, for example, that if a person visited "www.companyX.com," which uses an advertising company's clear GIF, the website would match the clear GIFs identifier and the advertising company's cookie ID number, to show the past online behavior for that computer. This collected information can be shared with the advertising company. We do, at times, provide such information to our third-party advertising service partners, but that information never includes personally identifiable information.
We may use AdWords Remarketing that is a Remarketing and Behavioral Targeting service provided by Google. It connects the activity of Coretransformation.org with the Adwords advertising network and the Doubleclick Cookie. You can opt out of the cookie tracking here.
3 How do we use your Personal Information? Personal information submitted to us via this website will be used for the purposes specified in this Privacy policy or in relevant parts of the website. Coretransformation.org may use your personal information to:
– administer the website; – should you be using any services on this website which requires payment send statements and invoices to you, and collect payments from you; – send you general (non-marketing) commercial communications; – send to you our newsletter and other marketing communications relating to our business which we think may be of interest to you by post or, where you have specifically agreed to this, by email or similar technology (you can inform us at any time if you no longer require marketing communications) – deal with enquiries and complaints made by or about you relating to the website; – to provide you with information, products or services that you request from us or which we feel may interest you, where you have consented to be contacted for such purposes; – to carry out our obligations arising from any contracts entered into between you and us; – to notify you of our service.
Where you submit information for publication on our website, we will publish and otherwise use that information in accordance with the license you grant to us.
4. Whom we disclose your personal information We do not sell, rent, trade or otherwise disclose personal information visitors submit through our Sites, except as described in this Privacy Policy. Coretransformation.org may disclose information about you to any of our employees, officers, agents, suppliers or subcontractors insofar as reasonably necessary for the purposes as set out in this Privacy policy.
In addition, we may disclose your personal information:
– to the extent that we are required to do so by law; – in connection with any legal proceedings or prospective legal proceedings; – in order to establish, exercise or defend legal rights (including providing information to others for the purposes of fraud prevention and reducing credit risk) of Coretransformation.org our customers and others.
5. How do we store your email information? Coretransformation.org will take reasonable technical and organizational precautions to prevent the loss, misuse or alteration of your personal information.Your email information (email address, first name) is stored at the list server that delivers Coretransformation.org newsletters. Your information can only be accessed by those who help manage those lists in order to deliver e-mail. Any payment transactions will be encrypted. Of course, data transmission over the internet is inherently insecure, and we cannot guarantee the security of data sent over the internet. Where we have given you (or where you have chosen) a password which enables you to access certain parts of our site, you are responsible for keeping your password and user details confidential. Coretransformation.org will not ask you for your password (except when you log in to the website).
All of the newsletters that are sent to you by Coretransformation.org include an unsubscribe link in them. You can remove yourself at any time from our newsletters. If you have purchased any of our programs, you will continue to receive mailings related to your purchase. If you are an affiliate partner, then you will continue to receive mailings related to our affiliate program. If you would like to be removed from any of these mailings, please contact us.
6. International data transfer Information that we collect may be stored and processed in and transferred between any of the countries in which we operate in order to enable us to use the information in accordance with this Privacy policy. Information which you provide may be transferred to countries outside the EEA, including the United States and Japan, which do not have data protection laws equivalent to those in force in the European Economic Area. By submitting your personal data, you agree to this transfer, storing or processing. Coretransformation.org will take all reasonable steps to ensure that your data is treated securely and in accordance with this Privacy policy.
In addition, information that you submit for publication on the website will be published on the internet and will be available, via the internet, around the world. We cannot prevent the use or misuse of such information by others.
7. Policy amendments Coretransformation.org may update this Privacy policy from time-to-time by posting a new version on our website. You should check this page occasionally to ensure you are happy with any changes.
Coretransformation.org may also notify you of changes to our Privacy policy by email. This policy was revised December the 20th 2016.
8. Contact If you have any questions about this Privacy policy or our treatment of your personal information, please write to us by email to:
orders [at] realpeoplepress [dot] com
or by Mail at:
1221 Lefthand Canyon Dr.
Boulder CO, 80302


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Sometimes, the original meaning of a word is so bloody obvious that you can't believe that you don't use it that way any more. Such a word is handsome, which apparently is as it does - a phrase I have never understood. When you realise that handsome used to be a synonym for handy, it seems obvious.
Something that is hand-some is, or was back in the fifteenth century, suitable for the hands. It was easily handle-able. It was conveniently to hand. It was handy.
From convenient it was a short shift in meaning to appropriate. And because a large reward is always felt to be an appropriate one, handsome then started to mean big - a meaning we still use in phrases like "He was handsomely rewarded."
And then, from the sense of being a good size, you got the modern meaning of human, usually male, beauty.
Mind you, this may not be the case in America. Certainly, in the C19th an Englishman could still observe that on the far side of the Pond:
A writer is styled 'a very handsome author', meaning a good and clever one, and quite irrespective of his appearance, which may be the reverse of comely.


text: admin / April 5, 2023 Travel Insurance Options for Traveling Abroad Travel insurance is just one of things that are necessary when traveling abroad. Travel insurance can be a very practical solution to providing protection for unexpected emergencies while traveling. This type of insurance protects your investment and allows individuals to travel with peace of mind. There are several options available for going abroad depending on the length and type of trip. Travelers can easily compare plans from leading providers, receive quotes and purchase a plan instantly. Travel insurance can insure against unexpected illness, injury, employment loss, luggage loss and more.It can provide coverage for Trip Cancellation and Trip Interruption. This insurance provides coverage due to unforeseen illnesses or death. Pre-departure trip cancellation insurance provides protection in the event of the traveler having to cancel flight or hotel reservations due to an immediate member of the family's death or illness or other covered events. Trip interruption insurance provides benefits if the traveler is unable to continue the covered trip after departure due to covered events. As an option, there are companies that also provide policies that cover cancellation for any reason.Another option available for travelers insurance is for medical emergencies. This type is beneficial particularly when visiting abroad. Insurance for medical emergencies will provide coverage for doctor visits, medication and even evacuation for medical emergencies. This is particularly important for individuals with chronic conditions or those traveling to underdeveloped countries. Travelers may also have the option of insurance that will provide coverage for tickets that are not refundable and the trip has to be cancelled. Some insurance will even cover missed flights, which can be, a life saver due to delays and overcrowding.Baggage protection is another type of insurance available. This type of insurance covers direct loss, theft, and damage of your luggage during the covered trip. Travel Accident Protection is another insurance choice that is available. This type of insurance provides coverage for accidental death and dismemberment. This type of insurance provides protection if the traveler is injured in an accident and suffer a loss while covered under this type of plan. A comprehensive travel insurance plan is a great option and a very popular choice for vacationing abroad. This option can provide a wide range of insurance coverage and may even allow travelers to choose what options to incorporate which is why it such a popular choice.There are several types of companies that offer insurance for travelers. Most travelers prefer to purchase this insurance directly from travel insurance agencies or companies. It is also offered by most companies that offer tours as they generally offer insurance to their clients. Major cruise lines as well offer the option to purchase travel insurance. Cruise line operators usually offer a host of plans to travelers when they schedule a cruise. Travelers can purchase insurance from a travel agent which is very convenient to purchase travel and insurance in one place.Once you think about the high price of travel and the low price of insurance, this type of insurance is a very reasonable investment. There are plenty of things to worry about when traveling but by protecting your vacation plans with affordable traveling insurance, unforeseen events do not have to be one of them. Since it is not possible to foresee what may happen during travel, a insurance plan is a great value. Travel insurance can slash your losses in numerous situations.


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Width 12 1/4 Inches 31.0 cm. Depth 12 1/8 Inches 30.8 cm.
Some items we offer have age and wear, this wear due to age may include breaks, repairs, repainting, or restoration, we try to call this damage as well as possible but please refer to the photography for a full description. We try to identify and describe our items to the best of our ability however we are not experts and our estimates of age, period or attribution should be taken as speculation and not fact. Our descriptions are solely there to assist buyers finding the items and are not an accurate description of the item in all cases.Ultimately the pictures we take serve as our description. This fine antique is offered with a fair and reasonable fixed price, I trust my descriptions and photos detail this item to justify the asking price. If you do need information I have neglected to include, make an offer, or additional photos, please don't hesitate to ask, I will do my best to comply.


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Native to New Zealand and steam distilled from the manuka—or Leptospermum scoparium—tree, Manuka essential oil is a skin care pro. In fact, it's right up there with Tea Tree oil when it comes to skin-loving superstars. But there's more to those drops of Manuka than mad skin-cleansing skills.
Bothersome blemishes? Manuka's got a drop for that. Itchy scalp? Manuka's a master moisturizer. Fatigued feet? Meet Manuka, your new massage therapist. It could be coincidence that Manuka and multitasker both start with the letter M, but we think not.
Is Manuka oil good for skin?
Whether you're fighting fine lines or soothing small skin irritations, make sure Manuka essential oil stands front and center in your bathroom cabinet. It's moisturizing, calming, and cleansing. Here are some ways to benefit from this trifecta of talent.
Boost your beauty routine: Add a few drops of Manuka to your Orange Blossom Facial Wash to elevate its cleansing and moisturizing properties.
Soothe while you smooth: Combine 2 drops each of Manuka and Helichrysum to your favorite body butter for an extra dreamy scent and an extra dose of moisture.
Tackle troublesome blemishes: Use our Maximum Strength Acne Treatment—Manuka is a main ingredient—and send blemishes to the sideline.
Is Manuka oil good for hair?
The moisturizing benefits of Manuka essential oil go beyond standout skin. Combine Manuka with your shampoo bestie to replenish thirsty hair and relieve an itchy scalp.
Get a head start on hydration: Add 2 drops of Manuka to your shampoo once a week. Wash hair gently and thoroughly—spending extra time massaging your scalp—before rinsing to drench hair in moisture and fend off flakes.
Mask and you shall receive: Look no further than a DIY hair mask infused with Manuka to revive dry hair. Mix a few drops of Manuka essential oil with fractionated coconut oil and massage into scalp. Cover hair with a shower cap to keep the mask warm. Leave on for 15-30 minutes and then shampoo and condition as usual.
Are Tea Tree oil and Manuka oil the same?
Tea Tree and Manuka are a lot like our three types of Eucalyptus essential oils: related but different. Tea Tree and Manuka are from the same family—Myrtaceae—but are more like cousins than sisters.
Is Manuka oil good for skin?
Whether you're fighting fine lines or soothing small skin irritations, make sure Manuka essential oil stands front and center in your bathroom cabinet. It's moisturizing, calming, and cleansing. Here are some ways to benefit from this trifecta of talent.
The biggest difference? Their scents. Tea Tree is strong, herbaceous, and slightly medicinal. Manuka has similar qualities but features a warmer, softer smell with a hint of floral. And guess what? Like Eucalyptus, Tea Tree and Manuka have a third cousin: Australian Ericifolia. Commonly known as "Lavender Tea Tree," this essential oil combines the benefits of Tea Tree with the soothing nature of Lavender.
If you're ready to try your hand—or your diffuser—at Manuka, check out these ideas:
Toe the line: Keep feet and toenails in tip-top shape by adding a few drops of Manuka to a cotton ball and applying directly to tootsies. You can also make a DIY foot soak with ¼ cup Epsom salt and 3 drops Manuka in a basin of warm water. Soak feet for about 10 minutes, then pat dry.
Tidy up toxin free: Prefer plant-based cleaning products? So do we! DIY a delightful all-purpose cleaner by combining 1 cup water, ¼ cup witch hazel, 10 drops Manuka, and 10 drops Lemon.
Send pesky odors packing: Replace unscently odors with the warm, gentle aroma of Manuka. Diffuse 4 drops and watch—or smell—as stuffy rooms transform into sweet spaces.
Can you diffuse Manuka oil?
Can you ever! Manuka pairs well with a plethora of oils, from fruity to woodsy. Our Grateful diffuser blend features Manuka, Bergamot, Northern Lights Black Spruce, and Thieves® for a scent that speaks of walks through citrus groves on warm summer days.
Put down that bottle! Before you go replacing your Tea Tree with Manuka, check out the 17 reasons you need Tea Tree oil in your life. If skin care is top on your self-care list, give Neroli—and a steam facial—a try.
Tell us in the comments!
The post 4 questions about Manuka essential oil you need answered ASAP appeared first on Young Living Blog.
via Young Living Blog http://bit.ly/2I6JGe3


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Rolling Stones Solo Albums Ranked Worst to Best
The Rolling Stones' solo albums didn't necessarily become huge commercial or critical hits like their counterparts from the Beatles, Genesis or Led Zeppelin. Still, as the following countdown shows, some produced career-changing moments anyway.
For instance, one of them seemed to precipitate a lineup change; another is said to have sparked a reunion.
As with many such projects, these albums tend to highlight the personalities that make up a larger whole. Mick Jagger's records can feel like trend-chasing calculations, Keith Richards' like late-night asides and Ronnie Wood's like boozy party jams.
Even though he was always a principal catalyst in the band, Richards ultimately became the last to release a solo record. ("I felt I had had a very cushy life in a way," he told the Tulsa World in 1992. "I could direct things, but I wasn't the No. 1 man. I let Mick take that.") Bill Wyman, who could be all over the musical map, was the first.
Along the way, stand-alone projects teased out every element and interest that these very different individuals brought to the Rolling Stones – sometimes to positive effect, sometimes not so much.
Our focus throughout was on true solo albums, so that meant leaving out Jagger's early '00s one-off SuperHeavy, Wood's work with the Jeff Beck Group and the Faces, Mick Taylor's time with John Mayall's Bluesbreakers and Wyman's Rhythm Kings. We also excluded Charlie Watts' many jazz-focused recordings, great though they may be, as well as soundtrack work like Jagger's Alfie (2004), Wood's Mahoney's Last Stand (1976), Brian Jones' A Degree of Murder (1967) and Wyman's Green Ice (1981) in order to focus on rock and pop recordings.
So, who finished on top from our list of Rolling Stones Solo Albums Ranked Worst to Best? Keep scrolling to find out.
See Keith Richards Through the Years


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South Jordan Locksmith
Whether you are in Salt Lake County, we will come to you wherever you are. We are open 24 hours a day to service your automotive, residential or commercial lock needs.
South Jordan Locksmith service zip code areas:
84084, 84095
Locksmith services we provide in South Jordan:
When looking for a South Jordan locksmith, we are your answer to your problems. We perform the following services in these areas:
- Emergency Services
- Automotive Locks
- Residential Locksmith Services
- Commercial Locksmith Services
- Garage Door Repair
- Lock Repair Services


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Every employee needs a day off occasionally. Many small businesses offer generous paid time off (PTO)
policies as a way to compete with larger companies. Not only does this create an attractive incentive for
top talent to hire on, but it also helps reduce employee turnover.
What Is Paid Time Off?
Paid time off is time employees can use for personal purposes while getting paid as though they were
working. PTO can be used for vacation, sick leave, jury duty, volunteer work, bereavement, and personal
days. Although no federal law exists mandating any amount of PTO, many states have specific paid time
off laws, particularly as it pertains to sick leave.
How Should Paid Time Off Be Structured?
Small businesses have the option of offering traditional, flexible, or unlimited paid time off to
employees. It is important to structure PTO in a way that works for your business and ensures a
sufficient workforce throughout the year.
Traditional PTO
With traditional PTO policies, employers group paid days off in categories. For example, they may offer
10 days of paid vacation, eight days of sick leave, two personal days, and 10 paid holidays, for a total of
30 paid days off per year. Depending on the policy, employees may be able to earn additional PTO with
tenure, accrued in specific increments. Some companies allow employees to roll over unused PTO from one year to the next, or to cash out unused time while still employed with the company. The downside
of traditional paid time off is that employees may feel more limited in their options.
Flexible PTO
Flexible PTO policies allow employees to choose how they use their time off. This can be an attractive
option for employees who want flexibility in their time off for personal activities. For example, working
parents may want days off for their children's school functions or sporting events. Flexible PTO may also
appeal to employees who want to celebrate holidays that are not on the federal calendar and not typically paid days off. You may want to require advance notice for flexible PTO to avoid being short
Unlimited PTO
With this structure, paid time off for employees is unlimited. Provided they have approval from their
managers, they can take as much time off as they need or want. Unlimited PTO is becoming more
popular and can help your company stand out in the job market. However, it may be more difficult to
implement. Companies should set ballpark expectations of time off per year between managers and
employees. This can vary from one team to another, depending on workflow.
Companies across the country are enhancing their group benefits in 2023 to improve employee
attraction and retention. A PTO policy can be a part of your group benefits package that lets your
employees know how much you value them. Our knowledgeable agent can help you design a group
benefits package that allows your company to stand out from the crowd.


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Yahoo! and Samsung are to work more closely together, joining forces against the twin onslaughts of Google and Apple.
A deal announced today between the two companies will see Yahoo! embedded in Samsung handsets, including those running Google's Android as well as Samsung's alternative, Bada.
The two companies signed a co-operation pact deal in 2007 and this new arrangement signals a closer relationship, with Samsung supplying the hardware while Yahoo! chips in with services.
Android is already well-served by Google, but Samsung will be keen to encourage competition and Yahoo! will be pleased to provide an alternative - and a product they can both pitch to other manufacturers that like Android, but fear Google.
To Samsung, Bada is much more important than Android. This is Samsung's pitch for a vertical platform – just like Apple's iPhone model.
Samsung owns the platform, the application store and the aggregation servers (pooling social networking, instant messaging, etc.). This does not leave a whole lot for Yahoo! to provide beyond internet searching and a trusted brand to give credibility to Bada. ®


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ALL MODELS WERE 18 YEARS, OR OLDER WHEN PHOTOGRAPHED /18 U.S.C. 2257 Statement/