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Let's take our Bibles and open them to the passage we've been looking at now. This is our sixth week looking at Matthew chapter 19 and examining our Lord's teaching on the subject of divorce. I just want to touch very briefly on Matthew 19 and then spend our time this morning in 1 Corinthians chapter 7. Now, there are some characteristics of the early church, the church of the New Testament, that are different than the church today. They had apostles. They had prophets, unique to their time. It was a time when the revelation of God was just unfolding. There was a closeness to the life of Christ. There was a zeal, there was a fire, there was a passion, there was a dynamic purity, there was a simplicity of life, there was a profuse kind of testimony reaching out to their world that maybe is different than today. But, while there are some different things and maybe some things that we'd like to recapture, there are some things about that early church that are identical to today. There are some things that they possessed that we also possess, namely the same message, the same Christ, the same Holy Spirit, and the same Word of God, with the same teaching, the same principles, and the same demands and blessings for our life. That doesn't change.
And so, as we go to the Word of God, and we touch life in the time of our Lord, and life in the time of Paul the Apostle, we must hear what they say, and understand that it is a direct truth for this generation. One of the really tragic things that happens in our time in the church is that people take the cultural standards and try to back them into the Bible, and eliminate anything in the Scripture that doesn't fit the way we think we need to live today. We can't do that to the Word of God without desecrating its purity. We must hear what it says. We must affirm its principles to be timeless for every generation.
Now, one of the areas in which the Bible gives very clear teaching is the area of divorce and remarriage. We cannot alter that. We cannot change it to accommodate our quote-unquote sophisticated day. We cannot back into the Bible with contemporary ideas and change the Scripture or eliminate the ones that we feel are an intrusion on our life patterns. We must objectively, openly hear what the Bible says, and our Lord gives us a very clear statement in regard to divorce. The Pharisees came to Jesus in Matthew chapter 19 and they said in verse 3: "Is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife for every cause?" And Jesus, in effect, said: no, you cannot get a divorce for every cause. There's only one cause in the law of God for God's people and that is hard-hearted adultery and then the innocent partner is free to remarry. Now, that is a simple statement. I really don't think there's a lot of confusion about that if you understand the Scripture. Now you can back into the Bible with your pre-conceptions and come up with a lot of things, and people have done that and confused the church in many ways. But it's very clear if you just take it from the text. The problem with it is it's so isolated, it doesn't tell us about all the exceptions. It doesn't answer all of our myriad questions. It just lays down one principle.
Now, in order to broaden our understanding, we must go elsewhere in the New Testament, and I want to take you now to 1 Corinthians chapter 7 because I believe this chapter is Paul's commentary on the divine principle, Paul's commentary on the divine law, Paul's commentary on the teaching of our Lord. Now, keep in mind that Paul was dealing in a society much like ours, much like ours. I told you last time that there were basically four kinds of marriage within the Roman system, and people were married under all kinds of, all of these kinds of means. For example, there was what we called contubernium, which was tent companionship. Slaves were just living together; it was sort of live-in sex. In fact the slave owner would match two of them together to procreate other slaves. And there was no ceremony, there was no vow exchange, there was no covenant necessarily made, there was nothing official or legal about it, they just lived together. That's not unlike our time. We don't have slavery today but we sure have a lot of live-in sex. We have people who come to Grace Church and are always curious when they do, some of them will apply for membership in the church and we'll notice that there's a man's name and a woman's name, completely different names, both living at the same address. Our conclusion is obvious, they live together; they're not married.
We have people who come to Christ in that kind of situation. They are not legally married. They've never been legally married. They're living together. It may have been they've only been together for a few weeks. They come to Christ, and all of a sudden they face the fact that they're living in a fornicating or adulterous relationship. What about them? What do they do? And that leads us to the idea of usus, which was the Roman common-law. What if they've been living together for years? We've had that situation. I remember in a situation where a couple had come here, they were never legally married, had been together long enough to have three or four children and it was a long-term kind of thing, and they came to Christ. Now what? What's their status? And what if they had former partners to whom they were legally married, and now are not legally married? Is this just an extended case of fornication and adultery? Whose wife is she and whose husband is he?
And then you had the Roman coemptio in manum situation where there was a selling of the daughter by the father for economic gain, and we even have seen that. I remember a man who came here from a foreign country who had a wife which he had purchased from the father. He didn't really like her, in fact, it was a family relationship. The family had worked it out, and in other cultures that happens. He was assigned to marry her. He took off. He's been living in America for six years. She's over in the Orient somewhere; He comes to Christ and wants to know, what about her? And then you had that final confarreatio which was the sort of noble wedding with vows and all the legal stuff. But here in the case of the apostle Paul, there were these people coming to Christ in the midst of all of these kind of chaotic approaches to marriage. Some of them just living together. Some of them in the midst of adultery, others in fornication relationships. Some had been married and divorced over and over again. Now they come to Christ, they don't know what their status is, they don't know who they belong to, if anybody, or if they're free to marry anybody else.
And you add to that all of the vice and vile activity of that culture; to Corinthianize meant to have an affair with a prostitute. That's what Corinth did. That was the best definition of a Corinthians, one who had relationships with a prostitute. There was in Corinth the Temple of Aphrodite and it had at least a thousand priestesses, and every evening the priestesses would descend from the temple ground of Aphrodite, down into the streets of Corinth to ply their trade. They were prostitutes at night. And when you paid your money to the prostitute, you were not only indulging in a quote-unquote religious experience, but you were giving them the money which was used to support the temple. They actually built the Temple of Aphrodite from proceeds earned by the prostitute priestesses. So, the life style of the Corinthians was at the very pits to say the least.
The Romans, frankly, had had a more moralistic view of marriage. But as one historian notes for us, though militarily and politically, Rome conquered Greece. Morally and socially, Greece conquered Rome. And in the marriage of the Greek and Roman cultures, the Roman might prevailed and the Greek immorality prevailed. And the seeds of destruction were built into the Roman Empire because of the corrupt lifestyle of the influence of Greeks. It came to be a rather common jest among the Romans that marriage had two happy days: the day you first clasped your wife to your breast, and the day you put her in the tomb. And so, they mocked marriage.
Now, the apostle Paul is confronting a society like this. He's not talking to a Jewish society like our Lord was, that had been reared and raised on Mosaic Law, a society where people were trying to conform to the divine standard all along, even though they were unable fully to do that. He is talking to an utterly pagan society, is Paul, who had no relationship to the law of God, whose background is literally jammed full of incongruities in terms of God's law, who are in and out of marriages and relationships ad infinitum, ad nauseam. And now they're coming to Christ and they're asking very basic questions. What is my status? Where do I stand? And so forth. Now, they wrote to Paul, a letter. Chapter 7 verse 1 tells us about it: "Concerning the things about which you wrote unto me." They wrote him a letter, and they wanted to know about these issues. Tell us what the situation is. And they asked him a series of questions which he answers in chapter 7.
The first question we noted last Sunday. They asked him: "Is sex unspiritual?" Naturally, if you'd come out of that kind of life style, if you'd lived in the midst of that kind of filth and lewdness and so forth, that kind of pornographic approach to life, you might just say, "Now that I'm a Christian, I'm just going to forget all that sexual stuff." And even though you wanted to clean up your life and do it right, your mind would be so flooded with the garbage of the past that you couldn't really have a pure relationship in your mind. It would take a long time to divorce yourself from all that garbage that cluttered up your thinking. And so, some people were saying, "We just need to stop it altogether." And somebody must have unloaded on the Corinthians that all sex was unspiritual anyway, it was all evil, it was all sinful and now that you're a Christian you'd eliminate it altogether. So, he answers that question in verse 1 by saying, "It's okay for a man not to touch a woman." And that's a euphemism for having a sexual relationship. It's okay not to have that. If you want to be celibate, that's all right. That's okay. But verse 2 says, "In order to avoid fornication, most people need to be married." Celibacy is okay, but for most folks it's very tempting, because God made us for marriage. Nothing wrong with sex within marriage, it's God-invented, God-designed, God-created, God-blessed. It's a marvelous and glorious thing.
It's okay to be single, too, but it's also okay to get married. If you try to be single when you ought to get married, you're just going to get yourself in a situation where you'll be tempted severely. So, it's okay not to have a sex relationship, but it's not okay to fight it off and be tempted and do all kinds of sinful things in your mind, and ultimately with your body because you can't control your temptation. And then in verse 3 to 5, he goes a step further and says: "And there is absolutely no place for celibacy in marriage." There is a place for celibacy among single folks, if that's your choice and that's God's design, that's fine. Most people need to get married. But once you're married, there is no place for celibacy and that's why verse 5 says: "Stop depriving each other." And then in verse 7 he says: "I wish that everybody could be single like I am, it's of great benefit for serving the Lord. But every man has his proper grace gift from God, one after this manner and another after that." Everybody's different, God made some people to be single, some people to be married. And it's a gift from Him.
So, is sex unspiritual? No, it's not. It's okay not to engage in that, if God's called you to a life of singleness and has given you the gift to deal with that. It's also okay to be married. And if you are married, it's not okay to be celibate. So, sex is not unspiritual. Sex is very spiritual. It's created by God; it is the most obvious affirmation of the one-flesh truth. And keep in mind if you are single, it's not for freedom's sake, it's not for promiscuity's sake, and it's not for lack of commitment's sake. It's for the service of the kingdom sake.
And then the second question is posed, which Paul answers. Listen to this question. "Should those formerly married remarry?" Should those formerly married, remarry? This is really a key question. Look what you've got in the Corinthian church. People are saved. They come to Christ and they're single but they use to be married. Now that they have become Christians, do they have a right to marry again? Or, if they made a mistake in the past prior to salvation, are they stuck with that thing for the rest of their life? That's the issue, and I believe what the apostle Paul says in verse 8 and following refers to those people who are now single, but before conversion were formerly married. It's the only thing that makes sense out of this passage, and I'll show you why as we look at it. It is a real issue for all of us to understand.
Many people in our church have come to Christ. They're single but they were formerly married and want to know whether they have a right to marry. I believe this speaks to that. Verse 8: "I say therefore to the unmarried and widows, it is good for them if they abide even as I." Now Paul's back on his bandwagon for singleness again, and you're going to hear it all the way through this chapter, he really thinks it's a great way to go. If you're so gifted. He's trying to keep the people gifted in singleness to stay single so they can be maximally used for God's purposes. But he says: "I say to the unmarried and widows." Now, note two categories: the unmarried and the widows. There's one other major category in this chapter and it is in verse 25: "Now concerning virgins." This chapter deals with unmarried, widowed, and virgins. Those are three, get it now, classes of single people. Those are three classes of single people: the unmarried, the widowed, the virgins.
Now, let's understand what those classes are. Virgins are single people who have, what? Never been married, right? Widows are single people who formerly were married but were released from that marriage by, what? By death. Now, that leaves us with the unmarried, and that is a key term in this chapter. The virgins, parthenos. We know what they are. They've never married. The widows, chras, those now made single by death. But who are the unmarried? And I believe that is the key interpretive word if we're going to understand this chapter, and I don't think that anything I've read really deals with that term and I hope I can make some contribution to that in this message. Now, in order to understand the term, I want you to kind of work your way with me, go to verse 32 for a moment. The term "unmarried" is agamos. It is used only in this chapter in the whole New Testament. So, we have to take our understanding of it from this chapter. It's used four times and only here. We notice in verse 32: "He that is unmarried cares for the things that belong to the Lord, how he may please the Lord." It's used very generally there. We can't learn anything about the definition there. It's just a general statement that he that is unmarried; as opposed to verse 33, he that is married. One is gamos, as it were, and the other is agamos, married-unmarried. There, it's used in a very general sense and it's not used in any way that we can really isolate its definition.
But as we move ahead to verse 34, we see something very interesting. Here Paul uses it in a more technical way. He says: "And a virgin, and the unmarried woman, cares for the things of the Lord that she may be holy both in body and in spirit." Now, he's using unmarried along with virgin. Now, if you're talking about virgins and unmarried, they've got to be two different things, otherwise you don't need to say, "and the unmarried." So, whoever the unmarried are, they aren't virgins. Because this is the virgin and the unmarried, right? So now, we have two groups and now we're beginning to see the unmarried category sort of narrow down a little bit. Now, let's go to verse 8 again where we were. And we read there: "I say to the unmarried and widows." Now listen carefully, from verse 34 we learn that the unmarried aren't virgins, right? And from verse 8 we learn that the unmarried aren't, what? Widows, either.
You say, if the unmarried aren't, if that isn't referring to the virgins and it isn't referring to the widows, what's it referring to? Verse 11, the fourth use in the chapter tells us. Verse 10 says that a wife should not divorce her husband. "But if she divorces, let her remain," what? "Unmarried." Now you have the specific meaning of the word unmarried. It refers to people who were, what? Divorced. That's what it says. That is where it's used and that's how it's used. So, when you come back then to verse 8, you've got two categories of single people: the unmarried and the widows. Those both are formerly married people. The widows were formerly married until death. The unmarried were formerly married until divorce. When you go to verse 34, you have the virgin and the unmarried, and that speaks of single people, some who have never been married, some who have been formerly married.
Now, don't get lost. The only way to really understand the Word here is to understand it as referring to formerly married people. It is not virgins because it's used with that word. It is not widows because it's used with that word. When it is used alone, in verse 11, it is referring to someone who has divorced. So, I see this as a very important point in understanding this passage. I'm not interested in what anybody believes or doesn't believe, or what this book says or that book says; I just want to see what the Word of God says. And you've got to work through that word "unmarried." And the best way to understand that word in this context, is that it refers to people who were formerly married, but are not widows, people who are now single but are not virgins. And that's got to be people formerly married.
So we know Paul's talking to them, to the formerly married. Married, and I believe he's talking to people before Christ, prior to the coming of salvation in their life. They've come to Christ. And the question they're asking is, "Now do I have a right to marry?" Let's say I had married twice back then and I got divorces, and even I was guilty adulterer, or there was no adultery, the divorces had nothing to do with what, we didn't even think of God's law, it was just our former lifestyle. Now I'm single, or now I'm widowed, do I have a right to remarry? And what does he say in verse 8? "It's good if you stay the way I am." And he's right back to that same deal again, stay single if you can. "But if they," both groups, "cannot have self-control, let them," what? "Marry." Now, this is God's provision for those people now single who were formerly married prior to their conversion. That's the only interpretation that makes any sense out of the passage, because that's the question they're asking. You go over to verses 17 to 24 and all through that whole passage the implication is now that I've become a Christian, what do I change? And Paul's answer to that is basically nothing. Stay in the state you are. Stay in the state you are. Stay single if you can. If you can't, get married because it is better to marry than to, what? Than to burn with lust or passion.
Now, the Bible says that. It is better to get married than to spend your whole life fighting off the threat of fornication or adultery because you can't control your passion. God did not create you with that desire and that drive in order to live an entire life of absolute frustration. If you can stay single, stay single. It's a gift of God. If you can't, even though you formerly were married and something was goofed up in the past, now that you've come to Christ, you are given, I believe in this passage, not only the right but the instruction to get married, because it's better to marry than to go through life burning.
And so, when a person becomes a Christian, I think there's a new day, a dawning of a new day. I think there's something brand new that happens, and the grace of Jesus Christ that saves the soul is not going to be the same kind of grace that would save the soul, and sentence the body to a lifetime of utter frustration and anxiety. There's no point in that. "Because if any man be in Christ he's," what? "He's a new creation." Everything starts all over again. And God permits the widows to remarry, obviously. And here, I believe, He permits the formerly married to marry as well. So, whether single by death or single by divorce, there is that right and that privilege.
It's better to marry than to burn. That's why he says in 1 Timothy 5, does Paul, and he talks about the young widows when their husbands die when they're young, he says: don't let them assign themselves to a life of service to Christ. Of course, if they're gifted for it fine, but don't let them hurry to do that because the time's going to come when they're going to grow wanton against Christ. In other words, they're going to be sorry they did that vow. They made that promise, because they're going to want a husband, and then they're going to have lust problems. So, it's better for the widows, the young ones, he says, to marry. So, that's affirming the same thing. It is better to marry than to burn.
So, we don't want to restrain someone who comes to Jesus Christ by saying, "Well, you were responsible to live the law of God all your life long, even before you were ever saved or even knew the law of God, or even cared about the law of God. And if you ever blew it anytime in the whole life that you've lived prior to Christ, you're stuck." I don't see that as the intention of this passage or the heart of God.
Now, that ought to be liberating for some folks, and God is a God of grace and a God of liberation. But let me just give you a little bit of advice. You think through very carefully if, in fact, you should not stay single, because that seems to be Paul's priority kind of thing, the potential for that. And then if you do marry, would you pick up the note at the end over verse 39 and remember that when you remarry, you are to marry whoever you want, you can marry whoever you want, but only in the Lord? Only in the Lord. What does that mean? Only a Christian, and only in the will of God. You could marry a Christian but the wrong Christian. So, you want to marry a Christian, and you want to marry the right one in the Lord, in the leading of the Lord, in the guiding of the Lord, in the will of the Lord. That's the issue.
So, the question is should those who were formerly married, marry again? And the answer is yes; if they don't have the gift of singleness, they ought to marry. In fact, they ought to marry for sure, rather than spend their whole life burning and trying to fight off that unfulfilled need. But when you marry, marry only in the will of God. Now, that's one step. That's the right to marry, and some of you are saying, oh boy, I can marry. But that's only half the deal. I mean, now that I'm available, I can't find anybody who's interested. And that's a problem because now you've got a gap. You say I'm available. I'm free to marry. Now, anybody interested?
You know, I remember the story about the guy who was going to have a wedding at the end of a church service. They use to do that in the old days. The service ended and they prepared to have the couple come and he said: "The service is complete, now we'd like those who desire to be married to please come forward." And it's a known fact that 1 bachelor and 84 old maids came. But that wasn't the intention. That wasn't the intention. But it is God's intention, it is God's intention that we remarry if, in fact, we're made for marriage. That's the grace of God. Now, but this is key for you to understand.
If there's a gap between your right and its fulfillment, the question always comes up: how are you going to handle that? How are you going to handle the anxiety? How do you handle the pressure when you know you need to marry, you want to marry, you're made to marry and you can't get it fulfilled? How do you deal with the burning problem? Let me give you some suggestions, okay, that I think are just very practical. Channel your energy through physical work and spiritual ministry. Channel your energy through physical work and spiritual ministry. Idle moments don't help at all. Secondly, stay close to and accountable to a Christian friend. Don't live alone, don't travel alone, go places alone, do things alone where you put yourself in vulnerable spots. Stick close to somebody where you have real accountability with someone who's mature and understands your needs. Thirdly, pray for purity and stay in the Word. Pray daily for purity and stay in the Word. Fourth, don't seek only to get married. Don't take any plane that's leaving the airport. Figure out where you want to go before you get on. You seek to honor Christ in your life and honor Christ in a relationship of friendship and let God bring about a marriage.
Avoid sex-mad, adulterous, worldly temptations. Be careful what you let into your senses; what you see, and what you hear, and where you go, because whatever you pump in is going to have an impact on you. Count on divine enabling, is another one, to live for now without fulfillment. Count on God to give you the strength. Another one: avoid all potentially dangerous situations. Stay away from them, because even though you may feel you're innocent, you may not be able to control somebody else. And finally, praise God in the midst of it and be content. Praise has a very wholesome effect. Channel your energy through physical work, spiritual ministry. Stay close to and accountable to a Christian friend. Pray for purity and stay in the Word. Don't seek only to be married, seek to honor Christ in a relationship and let God bring about a marriage. Avoid the sex-mad, adulterous world. Count on divine enabling. Avoid all potentially dangerous situations. And praise God and be content.
And if you're that kind of a person, they'll be beating a path to your door to marry you, 'cause those are the kind of people other folks are looking for. When the right one comes along, let me give you a little advice. Have a spiritual relationship and a short engagement.
So, question number two, still with me, folks? So, question number two, should formerly married people remarry? The answer is: it's optional. If you can stay single, stay single. If you can't, then marry, it's okay. It's better to marry than to burn.
There's a third question in the passage. They're implied, by the way, we don't have the questions here, but you can tell what they are by the answers. The third one is: what are the alternatives for those that are married? And you know, this is what was happening in Corinth, right? People become Christians and they say, boy, I'm married to an unsaved partner. I'm going to get rid of my partner. I'm going to dump my unsaved wife. I'm going to get rid of my unsaved husband. I'm going to unload this spouse that doesn't understand the Lord. And I'm sure some guy got up and somebody was teaching: you've got to get rid of your unsaved partner because it's the devil in your house. It's the demons in your house. It will corrupt your kids. You can't walk together unless you be agreed. You can't have light with darkness. You've got to get rid of that unsaved partner. Beelzebub, see? And you can just hear somebody waxing eloquent on that kind of thing and it really sounds good. And so the sort of the temptation would be to just get rid of your unsaved partner. Or, now that you're a Christian, you say, I'm going to be a spiritual Christian and I'm not real happy with this union. We made this marriage before we were saved. Now that we're Christians, we both have different approaches to life, and we're not getting along so we'll just start all over again, and we'll dump each other and get another marriage going.
So, the question then he has to answer is: what happens now that you've become Christians, you're still married, do you stay married or do you shed your partner, what are your rights and privileges in that regard? And he takes off on that in chapter 7 verse 10, so he says: "Unto the married." Now he's moved out of the widows and unmarried, the formerly married, divorced and by death made single, and now he talks to those that are married. They came to Christ and they were married. And he says: "I command now, I command, and it isn't even me," he says, "this is the Lord's command, Let not a wife divorce her husband." He goes right back to Matthew 5 and 19, and right back to God's standard from the very beginning in Genesis 1:27 and 2:24, and all the rest of the parts of the Bible that talk about it, and says if you're married, stay married. And I believe he's referring here to two Christians because in verse 12 he says: "To the rest, I speak." And here, he speaks of a Christian married to a non-Christian. So, he doesn't get to that until 12; this has got to be to two Christians. So, these two come to the Lord and he says, "Stay married. Don't depart from your husband." That's literally: don't divorce your husband.
But, you know what? He knows some people will. So, he says if you're going to disobey God at point one, stop there, would you? Verse 11: "But even if she does divorce," see, he knows. You can tell people what God wants and they'll go and do what they want anyway. So, he sets up another roadblock, he says: if you break law one, please stop there. Don't go any further. He's not saying you ought to get a divorce at all, but he's saying if you're going to be disobedient there, don't go any further than that, because if you do divorce, you've got two options: the rest of your life you remain formerly married, or you be reconciled to your husband. Then he turns it and says, "Let the husband not divorce his wife." So, don't get a divorce. If you're both married, and you're both Christians. No divorce. And if you violate that law of God, commanded by the Lord, it's a command, verse 10, by the way, not a suggestion. It's not a counselor's nice idea, it's not good advice. It's a command: stay married. And if you do divorce, and of course he's not considering the adultery exception here that's been considered in Matthew 5 and Matthew 19, and that's there, we don't change that, it just isn't brought up here. If there was an adulterous thing going on, then there would be freedom to divorce and remarry. But apart from that, not considering that exception, just reaffirming the divine ideal here as is done in some of the other gospels, he just says don't get a divorce. And if you do, you have to remain formerly married for life, or else go back to your husband. So, that's all you can do.
Now, if you marry again, if you divorce a Christian partner and you don't get back together, and you don't remain formerly married all your life but you go marry somebody else, you've just become, what? An adulterer, and you've just turned the person you married into an adulteress. So, that's exactly what the Jews were doing. Had no grounds for divorce, shedding their wives, remarrying and committing adultery all over the place. And so, if you're married to a Christian, stay married. Stay married. And if you're going to violate that, for God's sake stop there and don't go any further and get reconciled, or else stay single the rest of your life. And if two people have only those two options, it seems to me they're going to be in a hurry to complete option reconcile, not option formerly married forever.
Let's go to verse 12. Now here are some people who are married and they're a mixed marriage. Christian. Non-Christian. And they're, of course, asking the question, the Christian is, do I get out of this union? And maybe this guy worships some idols, right? Good chance. This woman, let's say, is Christian She's married to a guy who worships idols, is married to a guy who cheats in his business, married to a guy whose language is filthy. This guy is just a pagan guy. And all of a sudden she's become white as snow, as pure as wool, and Christ has transformed and changed her life, and now she sees all the ugliness of the past, and she sees his sinfulness, and she wants to be with God's people. And as Tertullian said, she wants to kiss a martyr's bonds, and she wants to embrace a Christian brother and sister. She wants to go along the streets to the cottages of the poor, meeting their needs, and her husband doesn't know what's going on and all this religion's throwing him for a loop, and he can't handle the whole deal, or vice-versa, if it happened to a husband.
What do you do? Do you just unload the guy and marry a nice Christian and get on with raising Christian kids? Wouldn't that seem reasonable? Boy, get rid of the pagan, let pagans marry the pagans, and we'll marry a Christian, raise up a bunch of kids. Plus, what's going to happen with all our kids? I'm a Christian, he's not, and all my kids are going to be raised and exposed to paganism. My kids will be all corrupted by this guy. I mean, he drinks, and he does this, and he does that, and he does the other; or she does this, she does that, she does the other, and it's going to corrupt our whole family. We've got to get out of this deal. And, boy, that sounds like good counsel. And what does Paul say? Verse 12: "To the rest, speak I, and I don't have any straight commandment from the Lord, the Lord didn't discuss this." This isn't quoting Jesus, it's equal to His truth because it's inspired by the Spirit, but he says, "I'm not quoting the Lord but I'm telling you this: if a brother has a wife that doesn't believe and she's please to dwell with him, let him not divorce her." If she wants to live with you, if she wants to stay with you, don't divorce her. Don't divorce her. "And the woman who has a husband that believes not, if he be pleased to dwell with her, let her not leave him." Don't you dare divorce an unbeliever if they don't want out. Don't you do that.
You say, "Well, wait a minute. It's going to corrupt me. How can light and darkness go along together? How can Christ and Belial get along? How can you have that kind of relationship? The intimacy of a one-flesh relationship between a believer and an unbeliever? Boy, I'd just love to marry a Christian. Oh man, I'd love to marry a Christian." No, it says, you stay together. You say, well, I'm liable to get corrupted and all my kids will get corrupted. No, just the opposite's true. Verse 14, instead of you getting corrupted, the unbeliever's going to get sanctified. "The unbelieving husband is sanctified by the wife; the unbelieving wife is sanctified by the husband, else were the children unclean, now they are sanctified." Now what kind of sanctification is this? Salvation? Do you get saved by having a Christian spouse? Do you get saved by having Christian mother or Christian father? Of course not. This means they're set apart unto blessing. In other words, instead of an unbeliever messing up a home, a believer in the midst of the unbeliever brings blessing into that home. In other words, you as a Christian married to a non-Christian bring blessing into that home for that person. Why? Because God is pouring out His grace, and His benediction, and His mercy, and His loving kindness, and His goodness, and blessing on you as a believer, and it's going to splash on the person who's one flesh with you. Instead of that person corrupting you, you're going to bring a positive Godward kind of influence on that person and on your children as well, on your children as well.
So, you don't get a divorce. Even if you're married to an unbeliever, stay together. But, verse 15: "If the unbelieving divorces," literally, it means chriz, takes himself out, "a brother or sister is not under bondage in such cases. God has called us to peace." He hasn't called you to a life of fighting, and warring and trying to keep somebody there who won't stay. God is not interested in warfare; He's interested in peace. He wants His beloved children to experience peace even in their domestic relationships. And if you've got an unbeliever who wants to take himself out, let him take himself out. You're not in bondage. It is the same idea as in Romans 7:2 where it says a woman is in bondage to her husband only as long as he lives; when he's dead, she's free. Here, same thing. Same kind of bondage. When the unbeliever departs, takes himself out of the union, you do not need to fight to keep that thing together because you are no longer under that bondage. God has not called you to live a life of fighting a war with an unbelieving person who can't stand anything about you or what you believe and wants out.
Now, salvation causes this kind of a problem to happen in a family. And the Lord says stay together unless the unbeliever wants out, and if that person wants to take himself out, let him take himself out. Now this is a very freeing truth. Let me tell you something practical about this. This means that you don't have to sacrifice your Christian principles to keep an unbeliever in a marriage. Did you hear that? Very often, you know, people say, well, I've got to keep this marriage together and if I keep doing these spiritual things, it just irritates him more and more. So if I will just acquiesce to his kind of life, we can stay together. Don't you do that. Don't you ever compromise God-ordained divine principles, you live those things to the very hilt in your life. And if that person has to get out of that marriage because of the purity, and the sanctity, and the godliness, and the virtue of your life in that marriage, then the Bible says you're free. But as soon as you start to compromise your spirituality, you're stepping into a Never-never Land, because you're going to try to keep a marriage together by violating God's principles?
A fighting, quarrelsome home is not God's will and neither is a compromising Christian. You live your life for the glory of God and do all you can, lovingly, generously, graciously to do everything to win that partner. As 1 Peter 3 says, if you're a wife, you do everything you can to win that one who does not obey the Word by the purity of your life and your chaste conduct. You be as godly a virtuous wife as you can be, as loving as you can be, but don't you ever compromise your spiritual principles. And if you're a husband and you're in the same situation, you be as loving, and tender, and good, and gracious as you can be, but don't you ever abandon the God-given truth and principle and place of responsibility that you have in that relationship. And if that unbelieving partner will not respond to the blessing of God and be led to salvation, but reacts in violence to break up the union, then you're free.
And then someone is going to say: but if I do that, then they're not saved, and whose going to reach them? And you know, so forth? So he says in verse 16: "For what do you know, O wife, whether you'll save your husband? Or how knowest thou, O man, whether thou shalt save thy wife?" Don't try to keep a marriage together for evangelism. Evangelism isn't a good reason to be married. You don't get married for evangelism. You don't go, oh, there's a beautiful girl, I think I'd like to evangelize her. She's not a Christian; I'll win her to the Lord. Don't you do that. Marriage is not for evangelism. And the purpose of evangelism isn't any good reason to keep one together either, because how do you know you're going to do that? How do you know you're going to have that effect? And why would you spend your whole life fighting and warring in a situation where someone wants out just for the sake of an evangelism you don't even know whether you can accomplish? And in the back of your mind, remember this, that the Lord knows what He's doing and if He's going to minister in that person's heart, and He's going to bring about the work of grace in their life, it isn't as if you were the only person in the world He could use. So, cling to a marriage if you're two believers. Don't divorce.
If you're a believer and an unbeliever, cling to that marriage and be everything you should be as a Christian and in living your Christian life to the very fullest, if that unbeliever wants out, you're free. You're free, and I believe your freedom is a freedom to remarry. If it wasn't, he would have repeated what he repeated in verse 11 when he said there: "If you divorce, then you must remain unmarried or be reconciled." And, if you could only be free from that marriage but never marry again, why wouldn't he have repeated that same phrase? No, no. If you're free, you're free. Just the same freedom in Romans 7 that death gives. So, if an unbeliever has left you, if they wanted out of that union, you're free.
Now the sum of all that he's been saying is in verses 17 to 24, and I guess we could say that there's a question behind this and the question is sort of generally then: should salvation change your marital status? And what's the answer? No. No, it shouldn't. Verse 17: "Only as the Lord has distributed to every man as God has called every one, so let him walk. So I ordain in all the churches." What's your message to the church, Paul? I mean, what's your practical message? Look, the message is this. The way God made you, the way ordained you, the way called you, that's the way you ought to walk. In other words, if He designed you for marriage, you ought to get married. If He designed you for singleness, you ought to be single. And, if you were saved married, stay married. And if you were saved single, stay single, unless you feel you need to get married. He's just saying, look, what I say in all the churches is, is that the Lord has to work this out as He distributes to every individual. And only you know, between you and God, whether you need to be single or married. But salvation shouldn't change those things.
Verse 18: "If you were called, if you were saved being circumcised, don't become uncircumcised." I can't imagine how you could, but that's what he says. "Is any called in uncircumcision, let him not be circumcised," because circumcision isn't anything anyway. In other words, he says if you were called being circumcised, you don't do something about that, do you? So, why you going to change your marriage? If you were called in verse 20, he says, in some situation, stay in the same calling in which you were called. When you were called to the Savior, when you were come to Christ in whatever state, stay there. If you were called being a servant, stay a servant. If you're called being a free man, stay a free man. And verse 24 sums it up: "Let every man in whatever state he's called, abide with God." So, salvation shouldn't tear marriages apart, shouldn't disrupt life in that sense.
Is sex unspiritual? No. Should those saved after widowed or divorced remarry? Yes. If they can't stay single for the service of the Lord. What are the alternatives for those who are married? If you're married to a Christian, stay married. If you're married to a non-Christian, stay married; unless the non-Christian wants out, then you're free to remarry. Should salvation change your marital status? No.
Question number five: should those never married, marry? You know, the question was coming up, boy, you know, if sex is so bad in our society and all this gross stuff, and now that we want to live pure unto God, the virgins were saying we ought to stay celibate all our life. Well, the Catholic Church bought that whole deal, didn't they? Sure, they did. They believe there's more virtue in being single and celibate than in being married. And so, you know, when you choose to be a priest, or a sister or nun or whatever, you choose a life of celibacy. And there were some people who were saying, you know, we're virgins, we've never entered into any kind of a relationship. Is it better to stay that way? Should we marry?
Verse 25, he picks that up. Now let's get to the virgins, he says, parthenos. "I have no commandment of the Lord." The Lord never commented on this, so I can't quote Jesus, "But I'm going to give you my judgment and it is the judgment by the way of a man who was faithful to God." So, this is the divine judgment. I'm being true to the faith. I'm being consistent with God. I'm giving you good advice from the Holy Spirit as a man who's received mercy from the Lord to be faithful. So, this is God's advice to you. "If you're a virgin," he says in verse 26, "it's good." See, he's right back to that advocating of singleness again. It's good. You see, society wants to pressure everybody to be married but there's a reverse trend in this chapter where Paul's trying to pressure people to stay single if they can handle it, because of the tremendous liberty in serving the Lord. So he says, I think it's good. Stay single.
Why? Several reasons. Are you ready? Reason number one, he's very clear: the pressure of the system. Verse 26: "It's good for the present distress for a man to be a virgin," to be unmarried, to be celibate. The present distress? What are you talking about? Violence from a hostile world. You know, Christians were slaughtered everywhere and people lost their partners. And there's a lot of pain and anxiety in a persecuted situation, isn't there? People who came out of even the Holocaust in Germany, the Jewish people, who had their families killed, slaughtered, the tremendous amount of pain. He says because of the violence against us in these times, you'd be better off to be single.
Secondly, because of the problems of the flesh. Verse 28: "If you marry you have not sinned. If a virgin marries she's not sin. Nevertheless, such shall have trouble in the flesh." Why? Because we're human beings and it's tough enough for one sinner to live with one sinner, but for one sinner to live with himself and another sinner is tough. I mean, the flesh gets in the way of our relationships. So know this: if you're going to get married you're going to undergo some pressure from the system, and you're also going to undergo some problems from the flesh. The word there for trouble is thlipsis. It means "the crushing together," and when you crush two lives together you're going to have some problems.
Then the passing of the world is his third reason to stay single. "Time is short," verse 29, and he says at the end of verse 31: "The fashion of the world passes away." Everything in the world is going to go anyway, and marriage is part of it. There's no marriage in heaven. So, realize it's a temporal thing. It's a passing thing. It's just for here and now. So, the pressure of the system, and the problems of the flesh, and the passing of the world, and then the preoccupation of the married, verses 32 to 34. Married people care for the things of their families, and their spouse, and their children, and all that. Unmarried people care for the Lord, and so forth. So realize this: you're going to be preoccupied in marriage in ways you wouldn't be if you were single. And then, we might throw in the permanence of the union. And just picking up what the disciples thought back there in Matthew 19, they said if it's so binding it's better not to get married. In other words, once you get in it, you're in it for life, so you better think about it.
So, the Apostle is giving us a good word here. He's saying it's good to be single. It's good to be single, because of the passing world, the hard time's coming, the difficulty of sinners living that close intimacy and proximity, because of the difficulty in being free to serve the Lord fully, and so forth and so on. So, if you're a virgin, it's good. Stay single. But, verse 28: "If a virgin marry, she hasn't sinned." It's no sin to marry. It's good to marry, too.
Now, back up and let's pick up a summary in verse 27. Look at this. "Are you bound unto a wife?" What? "Seek not a divorce. Are you divorced from a wife?" What? "Don't seek to get married. But if you marry, you have not," what? "Sinned. And if a virgin marries," now, note that; two people here are given the right to marry: a virgin and a person loosed from a wife. Divorced, of course, on divine terms. If you've been loosed from a wife, now you've come to Christ, see if God would have you single, but if you marry you haven't sinned.
Two more questions, I'm just going to give them to you fast. You know what else happened in the Corinthian church? In this whole deal about sex is evil, and we ought to be celibate to the glory of God, and all this, some fathers were imposing perpetual virginity on their children, their daughters. And so he has to deal with that in verse 36. He says: "If any man, any father thinks that he behaves himself in an unfitting manner toward his virgin," that's his virgin daughter, "if she pass the flower of her age," that means the time of her physical maturity or sexual maturity, "and need so require," that is, she needs to be married, "let him do what he will. He sins not, let them marry." See, here was a father saying boy, this singleness, Paul's really hot on this stuff, being celibate for the glory of God and devote your whole life to Jesus Christ. And he's laying this big trip on this girl, and she reaches the flowering of her age and she says, "Daddy, that's a wonderful thought, but I need to be married." And he's saying, "No, I want you to be spiritual." And she's saying, "But, Daddy, I can't be spiritual if I have to be single the rest of my life." It's too difficult a temptation, and her need requires her to marry. So he says, "Hey, Dad, let the girl marry. It's okay. So, verse 38: "So, he that gives her in marriage does well, and he that gives her not in marriage does well." Hey, some of them ought to stay single. Some of them ought to stay single.
And then the last question: what about the widows? What about them? Verse 39: "The wife is bound by the law as long as her husband lives. If her husband's dead she's at liberty to be married to whom she will." And what's the last line again? "Only in the Lord." Only in the Lord. Only in the Lord. But then he throws this in: but she's happier if she stays the way I am. See, he's always got to get that in there, see? And he said the things I've been saying at the end of verse 40: I have received from the Holy Spirit. Good words to us. Very clear.
Let me summarize quickly, listen now. You're single. If you're single, you fall into four categories. Category number one is what I call the delay. You're single, but you're not going to stay that way. This is just a delay until you can get married. What does the Word say to you? Get married, right? Better to marry than to burn. You're single by divine design for the service of Christ. What should you do? Stay single. You're single by divorce. Well, you should consider whether you ought to stay single first of all, and then if you've been divorced out of an adulterous situation, or if your divorce was before you were saved, or if your divorce was an unbeliever departing, you're free to marry. In fact, it's better for you to marry than to burn also. And the fourth category of singleness is those that are single by death. Stay single if you can. But, if you can't get married, you haven't sinned.
Now what about the married? If you're married to a Christian, what? Stay married. If you're married to a non-Christian, what? Stay married. If the unsaved person wants out, let him out, you're free. Now, there's only one other category. And some of you are sitting there saying, "I've got a problem, because I got a divorce that wasn't legitimate when I was a Christian. I fouled up my marriage when I was a Christian. I am an adulterer or an adulteress. I remarried when I had no grounds. What is my status?" Well, you're a sinner. Welcome to the club. If you've already violated God's laws as a Christian, if you were illegitimately divorced, illegitimately remarried when you had no grounds, if you're in a union that the Bible defines as an adulterous union, you have only one recourse: that is, to confess the sin, tell God the sorrow of your heart, and stay in that same union and see if God will not make sweet out of the bitter, honey out of the lion's body.
You see, if we confess our sins He's faithful and just to, what? Forgive us our sins. And it's easy for us who haven't had sin in that area to sit in judgment on those because we forget the sins of our own life. And God's in the sin-forgiving business. Matthew 12:31 says: "All manner of sin and blasphemy shall be forgiven you." One pastor suggested that if that's your case, you've got to divorce the adulterous partner and try to get back with the other one. Don't do that. That you cannot unscramble the egg. Stay where you are, confess it, repent, and thank God for the grace that you're still alive, and make the most out of the union you have. Well, I don't think the Bible's that fuzzy, is it, on divorce. Pretty clear. It's only a question of whether we'll be obedient. Let's pray.
Father, we come again with thankful hearts for the clarity with which the Spirit of God speaks through the Word. Help us to be as Paul said to Timothy: "Diligent, to be approved of God, workman that need not to be ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth." Help us to study the Word. You know my heart, Lord. You know that I have prayed that I would speak Your truth and Your truth only from the pages of Your book. And may You be pleased with our response as well. And may You make of every single life for Your glory, all the fullness that You would have planned in eternity for that life. And for those single who need to be married, would You bring them the right partner because they're the right person? Would You set their life in the line of the Spirit-controlled life, a life of obedience so that they'll be led to the right person? For those that are married, would You make the most of those marriages? For those, O God, that are married to an unsaved partner, would You bring that partner to Christ? And for those who have been made single by death or divorce and are free to marry, would You bring them to the one they can marry in the Lord, that the church may know the fullness of power that comes through obedience to Your holy Word? Thank You for instructing us and help us to be not just obedient, but eagerly so. And may we never tread on Your grace. If we have no right to marry, if we have no right to the relationship we're in, may we cease if that is possible. If not, may we repentantly seek Your forgiveness and be grateful for grace?
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text:
Making Sense: The Impact of COVID-19 on Business and Innovation
Making Sense: The Impact of COVID-19 on Business and Innovation
Author: Hannah Henry
Wednesday, 15 Apr 2020
Image caption: Virus knocking down coins
COVID-19's Impact on Business
Unlike other viruses, such as the seasonal flu or common cold, the coronavirus, or COVID-19, is considered a "novel," or new, virus because humans have had little exposure to it. Hence, we don't have readily available treatments, like a vaccine, to prevent people from getting sick from COVID-19. As a result, the first line of defense against the disease is called "social distancing." This means people are being
encouraged not to be around other people unless it is necessary.
In many cities and states, officials require so-called "non-essential" businesses to either reduce their operations or close completely to promote social distancing. While these businesses are referred to as non-essential, it doesn't mean that they aren't important. But it does mean that their closure will help limit the spread of COVID-19.
Businesses affected include restaurants, which in many cases must close their dining areas, even though they can still prepare food for delivery or take out. Others that must close completely include hair salons, clothing stores, and various retail establishments that don't offer what are considered "essential" products or services, such as food or medicine.
Due to these restrictions and closures, businesses large and small have had to release many of their employees. This means people who worked for these businesses lost their jobs either temporarily, through a furlough, or permanently, through a layoff. Many of these people are eligible for unemployment benefits, which means that they will receive some amount of money from the government to help pay basic expenses like rent, house payments, and food. The hope is that non-essential business closures will only last a few months and that people will be able to go back to work in the not-too- distant future.
How Government Is Responding
In response to COVID-19, the U.S. Congress passed the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act. At $2.2 trillion, it is the largest economic relief package in U.S. history. The goal of the CARES Act is to help businesses and individuals impacted by the economic downturn caused by COVID-19.
The CARES Act has benefits for individuals, including a one-time check from the government for between $1,200 and $2,400, depending on their eligibility and tax-filing status. The act also makes changes to unemployment benefits that help filers receive more money from the government than they would under normal circumstances, and for a longer period.
For small businesses, CARES offers short-term loans that can help these businesses cover necessary expenses, such as rent, utilities, and operational costs, during COVID-19- related shutdowns. CARES also includes a payroll protection program where small businesses can use low-interest loans to keep employees instead of having to let them go during the downturn. If businesses meet certain conditions during the coming months, the government may forgive some of these loans, meaning small businesses that qualify won't have to pay back the money they borrowed.
The Role of Business in Fighting COVID-19
Since the early 1990s, global trade has grown substantially. With the development of the Internet, changes in trade policy, and global competition, much of the world's manufacturing capacity has moved from more-expensive developed economies, such as the United States and Europe, to less-expensive emerging economies in Latin America and Asia, and especially China. As a result, the world now relies on "global supply chains." This means a product like a smartphone may have parts that were manufactured in four or five different countries and assembled in another country.
In December of 2019, China reported its first cases of the disease in Wuhan, China, a region of the country involved with manufacturing. By January, China shut down all manufacturing in the region, as well as in surrounding areas, to contain the spread of COVID-19. This resulted in the largest drop on record of China's manufacturing activity. The decline in manufacturing in China and other countries impacted by COVID-19, disruptions in transportation and shipping, and a spike in demand around the world for medical devices and supplies, has resulted in a strain in the global supply chain. As a result, there is a shortage of these materials in the U.S. and other countries, making it more difficult for medical professionals in our country and others to fight COVID-19 effectively.
Businesses in the United States are stepping in and helping to find solutions to these shortages. Responses have included taking factories that manufacture automobiles and retooling them to make plastic face shields for doctors and nurses to use when working with sick patients. Other manufacturers that produce consumer goods, such as household appliances, are working on ways to make parts for ventilators and other medical devices in urgent demand. In California, engineers who might otherwise work on drones or robotics, are helping to fix or improve ventilators needed to treat the sickest COVID-19 patients.
Large manufacturers of face masks, such as N95 respirators and surgical masks, have been asked to increase their production capacity for these urgently needed supplies. In addition to medical professionals, the construction industry uses N95 respirators. As a result, construction companies that use these masks and hardware retailers that sell them have been donating their supplies to local hospitals and first responders.
One of the most significant challenges in fighting COVID-19 has been quickly identifying those who have the disease. There has been a shortage of medical testing for the virus, partly because there haven't been tests available to identify the virus rapidly, and the capacity of government agencies to run tests is limited. In response, medical testing companies have been developing tests that can determine the virus in a few hours instead of over several days. Additionally, private labs, which process most of the medical tests generally conducted in the country, are adapting their facilities to run large numbers of COVID-19 tests.
Innovation in the Face of Crisis
Despite the best efforts of business to overcome these shortages, demand still outweighs supply. As a result, many entrepreneurs are working to bring solutions to the table. One way to accomplish this is to increase the usage of some of the existing medical products. For instance, there are several startup companies that, before COVID-19, were developing technologies to sterilize medical masks. These companies are working with public health officials in communities most impacted by COVID-19, such as Boston and New York, to use these technologies. While these approaches are still new, they hold the promise of allowing masks that were meant for one-time-use to be used up to 20 times.
Advanced manufacturing companies that work with 3D printers are also helping with the fight against COVID-19. These printers can quickly form plastic into adapters that can allow ventilators meant for one patient to support two or more patients simultaneously.
These printers can also create medical device replacement parts that might be hard to obtain due to parts shortages.
What Comes Next?
While there is no guarantee the economic impact of COVID-19 will be short-lived, that is undoubtedly the hope of many. With social distancing, the broader adoption of masks by the general public, good hygiene practices, and more available testing, the goal is to make COVID-19 more manageable until a vaccine is available sometime in 2021. If that goal is met, it's possible businesses currently closed can be reopened in a few months with certain guidelines and restrictions in place.
In the long-term, history has shown that major events that impact the economy can result in long-term changes and innovation. For instance, following World War II, the world saw the widespread adoption of plastics, antibiotics, planned housing developments, interstate highways, jet transportation, and television. Many of these were in their infancy before the war. More recently, the years following the Great Recession saw the rise of gig-economy businesses such as Airbnb, Uber, and GrubHub, as well as a boom in financial technology, such as Apple Pay, Venmo, and Bitcoin.
Time will tell what innovations may result from our current situation. Opportunities are clear with the demand for video conferencing technology as a result of the surge of remote work. Challenges exist in terms of the limitations of the global supply chain to respond to fast-moving events. There may be a teenager on a laptop right now who will take the lessons learned from the response to COVID-19 and help shape all of our futures.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
It is the deep, reverberating question at the heart of Toldot. Why did Rebecca tell Jacob to deceive Isaac and take Esau's blessing? Her instruction is brisk and peremptory:
"Now, my son, listen carefully and do what I tell you: Go now to the flock and bring me two choice young goats, so I can prepare some tasty food for your father, just the way he likes it. Then take it to your father to eat, so that he may give you his blessing before he dies."
Gen. 27:8-10
Rebecca's reaction was extraordinary. Although the situation had only just arisen – she could not have known in advance that Isaac was about to bless Esau, or that he would request some venison first – yet her plan was immediate, detailed and complete. She had no doubts or hesitations. She was determined to seize the moment. When Jacob raised concerns – What if Isaac is not deceived? What if he touches my skin and knows immediately that I am not Esau? – her reply is brief and blunt.
"My son, let the curse fall on me. Just do what I say; go and get them for me."
Gen. 27: 13
Our question tends to be: how could Jacob deceive his father? Yet the real question is about Rebecca. It was her plan, not his. How did she consider it permissible [1] to deceive her husband, [2] to deprive Esau of his father's blessing, and [3] to order Jacob to commit an act of dishonesty? Jacob on his own would not have conceived such a plan. He was an ish tam, meaning "a simple, straightforward, plain, quiet, innocent man, a man of integrity" (Gen. 25:27)? How then did Rebecca come to do what she did?
There are three possible answers. The first: she loved Jacob (Gen. 25:28). She preferred him to Esau. She knew Isaac felt otherwise. So she was driven by maternal instinct. She wanted her beloved son to be blessed.
This is an unlikely answer. The patriarchs and matriarchs are role models. They were not driven by mere instinct or vicarious ambition. Rebecca was not Lady Macbeth. Nor was she Batsheva, engaging in court politics to ensure that her son, Solomon, would inherit David's throne (see 1 Kings 1). It would be a serious misreading to read the narrative this way.
The second possibility is that she believed strongly that Esau was the wrong person to inherit the blessing. She had already seen how readily he had sold his birthright and "despised" it (Gen. 25:31-34). She did not believe a "hunter" and "a man of the field" fitted the template of the Abrahamic covenant. She knew that this was one of the reasons why God chose Isaac not Ishmael, because Ishmael was destined to be "a wild ass of a man" (Gen. 16:12). She knew that Isaac loved Esau but felt – for various reasons, depending on which commentary one follows – that he was blind to his faults. It was vital to the future of the covenant that it be entrusted to the child who had the right qualities to live by its high demands.
The third possibility is simply that she was guided by the oracle she had received prior to the twins' birth:
"Two nations are in your womb, and two peoples from within you will be separated; one people will be stronger than the other, and the older will serve the younger."
Gen. 25:23
Jacob was the younger. Therefore, Rebecca must have assumed, he was destined to receive the blessing.
Possibilities two and three make sense, but only at the cost of raising a more fundamental question. Did Rebecca share her thoughts with Isaac? If she did, then why did Isaac persist in seeking to bless Esau? If she did not, then why not?
It is here that we must turn to a fundamental insight of the Netziv (R. Naftali Zvi Yehudah Berlin, 1816-1893). What is fascinating is that Netziv makes his comment, not on this week's parsha, but on last week's – the first time Rebecca set eyes on her husband-to-be. Recall that Isaac did not choose his wife. Abraham entrusted that task to his servant. Servant and bride-to-be are travelling back by camel, and as they approach Abraham's tents, Rebecca sees a figure in the distance
Now Isaac had come from Beer Lahai Roi, for he was living in the Negev. He went out to the field one evening to meditate, and as he looked up, he saw camels approaching. Rebecca also looked up and saw Isaac. She got down from her camel and asked the servant, "Who is that man in the field coming to meet us?" "He is my master," the servant answered. So she took her veil and covered herself.
Gen. 24:62-65
On this Netziv comments,
"She covered herself out of awe and a sense of inadequacy as if she felt she was unworthy to be his wife, and from then on this trepidation was fixed in her mind. Her relationship with Isaac was not the same as that between Sarah and Abraham or Rachel and Jacob. When they had a problem they were not afraid to speak about it. Not so with Rebecca"
Commentary to Gen. 24:65
Netziv understood that in this description of the first encounter between Rebecca and Isaac, nothing is incidental. The text emphasises distance in every sense. Isaac is physically far away when Rebecca spots him. He is also mentally far away: meditating, deep in thought and prayer. Rebecca imposes her own distance by covering herself with a veil.
The distance goes deeper still. Isaac is the most withdrawn of the patriarchs. Rarely do we see him as the initiator of a course of action. The events of his life seem to mirror those of his father. The Torah associates him with pachad, "fear" (Gen. 31:42). Jewish mysticism connected him with gevurah, best understood as "self-restraint." This is the man who had been bound as a sacrifice on an altar, whose life had been reprieved only at the last moment. Isaac, whether because of the trauma of that moment or because of the inhibiting effect of having a strong father, is a man whose emotions often lie too deep for words.
No wonder, then, that he loves Rebecca on the one hand, Esau on the other. What these two very different people have in common is that they so unlike him. They are both brisk and action-oriented. Their "native hue of resolution" is not "sicklied o'er by the pale cast of thought." No wonder, too, that Rebecca hesitates before speaking to him.
Just before the episode of the blessing, another scene takes place, apparently unrelated to what follows. There is a famine in the land. Isaac and Rebecca are forced into temporary exile as Abraham and Sarah had been twice before. On God's instructions, they go to Gerar. There, just as Abraham had done, Isaac passes off his wife as his sister, afraid that he might be killed so that his wife could be taken into the royal harem. Something happens, however, to disclose the truth
"When Isaac had been there a long time, Abimelech king of the Philistines looked down from a window and saw Isaac caressing [metzachek] his wife Rebecca.
Gen. 26:8
We tend to miss the significance of this scene. It is the only one in which Isaac is the subject of the verb tz-ch-k. Yet this is the root of Isaac's name, Yitzchak, meaning "he will laugh." It is the one scene of intimacy between Isaac and Rebecca. It is the only episode in which Isaac, as it were, is true to his name. Yet it nearly brings disaster. Abimelech is furious that Isaac has been economical with the truth. It is the first of a series of disputes with the Philistines.
Did this reinforce Isaac's belief that he could never relax? Did it confirm Rebecca's belief that she could never be fully intimate with her husband? Perhaps so, perhaps not. But Netziv's point remains. Rebecca felt unable to share with Isaac the oracle she had received before the twins' birth and the doubts she had about Esau's suitability for the blessing. Her inability to communicate led to the deception, which brought a whole series of tragedies in its wake, among them the fact that Jacob was forced to flee for his life, as well as the counter-deception perpetrated against him by his father-in-law Laban.
It is hard to avoid the conclusion that the Torah is telling us that communication is vital, however hard it is. Rebecca acts at all times out of the highest of motives. She holds back from troubling Isaac out of respect for his inwardness and privacy. She does not want to disillusion him about Esau, the son he loves. She does not want to trouble him with her oracle, suggesting as it did that the two boys would be locked into a lifelong struggle. Yet the alternative – deception – is worse.
We have here a story of the tragedy of good intentions. Honesty and openness are at the heart of strong relationships.
Whatever our fears and trepidations, it is better to speak the truth than practice even the most noble deception.
Maurice was a visionary philanthropist. Vivienne was a woman of the deepest humility.
Together, they were a unique partnership of dedication and grace, for whom living was giving.


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Santa Claus... One of my favorite subjects!
As a child, I remember that Santa Claus came to town on Thanksgiving Day. He arrived at the end of the Thanksgiving Day parade in Detroit that was sponsored by J.L. Hudson department store. I didn't get to see the parade in person until I was a high school senior but I watched it every year on TV when I was young.
Back in the day, the J.L. Hudson department store in downtown Detroit was every child's fantasy. The 12th floor always had the most fabulous Christmas display and most if not all of the floor was designed for children. Santa Claus was there, along with his elves. Parents and children would stand in line to have a few moments with Santa and to get their picture taken.
Here's me with Santa at Hudsons. Christmas 1962.
In 1964 the nine-story Christmas tree of lights went up the side ot the building. It was 125 feet tall with 72,000 starburst lights that invited shoppers to join the Christmas spirit inside. For most Detroiters who grew up in that era, the 'real' Santa was at Hudson's. The store's Christmas decorations sparkled and delighted everyone. The outside windows featured animated displays from fairy tales to outer space.
In honor of the dawn of the space age in the 1960s, Santa's helpers put on space suits. The 12th floor fantasy area entertained the long lines of excited children and their parents, who received photo keepsakes of their tots on Santa's lap. Little did they know that there were several Santas working together to keep the lines moving.
Perfection was never good enough. The Christmas decorations were new each year. Out of sight from the customers, the old decorations were smashed at the end of each season. It was cheaper to destroy them than to store them. [More]
On the 12th floor of Hudson's, parents and children would wander around to view the many elaborate Christmas displays, some which were animated. I can remember my own wide-eyed wonder at seeing lifelike animals, dancing snowflakes, an arctic pond with skating penguins, and glitter and sparkle everywhere!
In addition to visiting Santa and seeing all the displays, kids could also shop in a special section of the store designated as the "For Kids Only Shop". I can remember going in there to shop on my own for the very first time. It was so exciting! I remember looking around and wishing I had more money and that they had better stuff. It seemed like an a lot of junk to me but I just had to buy something! I wish I could remember what I bought. I don't. But I remember the experience and how grown up I felt shopping on my own. They even gift wrapped my presents for me!
Even though Hudson's delighted Detroiters by going all out for Christmas every year I can only remember visiting it the one time. I was six years old, in the first grade. It wasn't the only time I would visit with Santa, just the only time I visited Santa at Hudson's. I also remember visiting Santa at Crowley's and Muirhead's department stores in Dearborn. But I didn't get my picture taken then.
I was always nervous when I saw Santa and one time I forgot to tell him some of the things I wanted. Then I was so distraught afterwards and I worried myself sick that he wouldn't bring me that toy that I just had to have. After that year, my mom got smart. She would sit down with me and write up a list of the things I wanted before we went to visit Santa. Then all I had to do was remember to give him the list and I could relax and enjoy Christmas!
When I was a little older and could write on my own I would make up my Christmas list and tape it to my bedroom door from Thanksgiving until Christmas. I wanted to make sure that anyone who was interested would have easy access to it ;-)
I still believe in Santa Claus, I still make Christmas lists, and I even visit with the old guy now and then. Here's a more recent picture of me with Santa. This one was taken about 10 years ago at the Fox Theater in Detroit. I believe we'd gone there to see the Radio City Christmas Spectacular show.
Now my relatives in Poland will celebrate Sw Mikolaj Day today. December 6th is the day that Sw Mikolaj brings presents to all the children, not on Christmas. They do get some gifts from family members and the Christmas Angel on Christmas but Sw Mikolaj definitely comes on December 6th. When Sw Mikolaj leaves his presents he also leaves a birch branch to remind the children to behave or they will "feel the switch"! This is done in jest and not taken seriously. It's a kin to receiving coal in one's stocking.
In honor of St. Nicholas Day and Sw. Mikolaj Dzien, I have information on a free digital scrapbooking kit called Kit St. Nicholas on my Creative Genealogy blog. You can also see a page I created with the kit there as well.
[The Advent calendar number graphic used in this post was created by NicNic at the NBK blog.]


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After Texas shooting, schools around US boost security
May 28, 2022, 4:32 PM | Updated: May 29, 2022, 5:04 am
(AP Photo/Jae C. Hong, File)
In the aftermath of the elementary school massacre in Uvalde, Texas, schools around the U.S. have brought in additional security staff and restricted visitors as they deal with a new rash of copycat threats.
For some families and educators it all has added to uneasiness in the wake of the deadliest school shooting since the 2012 attack at Sandy Hook Elementary School.
Jake Green, 34, of Los Alamos, New Mexico, was jolted when he saw a plainclothes police officer for the first time while walking his 7-year-old daughter into school Friday morning. He grew up in Colorado, not far from where two Columbine High School students shot and killed 12 classmates and a teacher in 1999. Green remembers attending memorials and candlelight vigils as a fifth-grader, but he's torn about whether having police at his daughter's school is best.
"In a way, I don't really feel any safer with police around," Green said. "Seeing the police there, it really made it seem like the worst possibility was even more possible today."
In El Paso, Texas, where a gunman killed 23 people in a racist 2019 attack that targeted Hispanics at a Walmart, schools are on edge. The El Paso Independent School District has already encountered some reported threats that turned out to be false. They were either "students joking or overly-sensitive parents," said Gustavo Reveles Acosta, a district spokesperson.
"Our community is still raw from that incident," Acosta said. "It hits us in a pretty emotional way."
The district, which has its own police department, has also stepped up patrolling at all 85 campuses. Officers have been pulled from monitoring traffic or other duties. Schools already have updated camera surveillance systems. Visitors are required to ring a doorbell and show identification before they can enter.
The district is making a point to look out for teachers' and students' mental health. A counseling team has been visiting every school to speak about the shooting in Uvalde. They are also urging people to talk in private about any distress.
Mia Baucom, a 15-year-old student at a Forth Worth, Texas, high school said it was surreal to think the Uvalde killings happened in her home state. It also stirred memories of a lockdown at her school two months ago that was prompted by a shooting.
"I'm a little more stressed out about it because just the fear of what if that happened at my school?" said Baucom, whose last day of school was Thursday. "Let's say we get more police officers. Most likely that's not going to stop people from going crazy and just shooting up schools."
Schools have ramped up police presence in a host of states, including Connecticut, Michigan and New York, after the shooting Tuesday that left 19 students and two teachers dead.
In Buffalo, New York, where a white gunman fatally shot 10 people in a racist attack in a supermarket on May 14, the largest school district announced new security rules effective immediately. Any visitors — parents, siblings, vendors — have to call ahead for approval. No exceptions will be made. They may be subjected to a search by a wand detector. Doors will be locked at all times.
In Jacksonville, Florida, the Duval County Public Schools' chief of school police banned backpacks or large handbags at any school through Friday, the last day of school. Small purses were allowed but could be searched.
A discredited threat against a middle school prompted a Texas school district 200 miles (320 kilometers) southeast of Uvalde to end the school year a week early. The Kingsville Independent School District announced Friday would be the last day of school. But students should not see any penalty for the premature end to the year.
"In light of the tragedy in Uvalde, there has been an enormous amount of stress and trauma. Unfortunately, more stress and trauma are added with 'copy-cat threats' that start circulating such as the one that was sent today for Gillett (Middle School)," Superintendent Dr. Cissy Reynolds-Perez wrote in a statement on the district's website.
It's clear staff and students nationwide are on edge as several reports of firearm sightings on campuses have popped up in the past few days.
Two Seattle-area schools went into lockdown Friday morning and police eventually recovered an airsoft gun. The Everett, Washington, schools then had their lockdowns lifted.
Two people were arrested Thursday after a Denver high school locked down its campus. Police found a paintball gun but no other firearms. Classes were canceled anyway.
Copyright © The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Many Apple users believe that their Macs and iPhones are invulnerable to security threats, but this just puts them at risk of falling prey to hackers. Macs, iPhones, and other Apple devices are not unhackable, and the only way to truly protect all your devices is to observe safe practices.
Keep abreast of current security threats
Educate your organization about the most common ways systems are infected or hacked. Apple users in your organization must be aware of recent security updates on iPhones and Macs, for instance.
- iPhones – Security and privacy are key concerns with every iOS update, which is why Apple highlighted its privacy and security features when it released iOS 13, the latest iOS version. However, in June, it was reported that 38% of Apple iOS apps contained critical vulnerabilities, which was only slightly lower compared to Android's 43%. The vulnerabilities were reportedly caused by weaknesses in security mechanisms.
- Macs – In 2017's WannaCry/WannaCrypt ransomware attacks, only Windows machines were affected. This shows that Apple does a fairly good job of guarding against threats. That said, Macs are certainly not immune to malware and viruses. In 2019, a malware called OSX/CrescentCore was reportedly found on several websites and worked by installing an infected file or a Safari extension.
Practice secure web browsing
The vast majority of security breaches happen when a user installs programs, knowingly or unknowingly, or clicks on links in emails or on the Web that contain malware. Take these precautions to avoid intrusions:
- Never open email attachments from unknown senders especially those with file extensions that are for programs, i.e., DMG. These include attachments in emails from large companies and financial institutions. When in doubt, contact the sender to verify.
- Always hover over links before you click on them. If you receive an email with a link in it, hover over the URL to see where it links to and look for spelling or grammar mistakes, or any other indication that it's a fraudulent link.
- Don't automatically open any downloaded apps. Verify an app by taking a look at its name and its source information. If the site appears to be different from where you downloaded it, the app may be infected.
- When you try to watch content from any random website, many sites will ask you to download a plugin or video player. It's best to avoid these sites altogether because many of them are known to host malware that can install itself.
- When in doubt, don't take action. If you're unsure about a link or app you are being asked to download, simply don't click on it or download it.
Install antivirus scanners
It's amazing how many Mac users don't bother with an antivirus scanner. These tools are indispensable for keeping your systems and data secure. There are a number of excellent scanners out there, so make sure to pick a solution that covers both desktop and mobile devices to ensure optimal security. We can also help you pick the best solution for your business.
Consult IT experts
Strengthen the security of your computers, mobile devices, and network by working with an IT expert like us. We take the time to get to know how you use your devices to discover your security needs and recommend an integrated, effective solution for you. Contact us today to learn more.


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By: Elliott Wave International
On a recent vacation to the Yucatan, my friend decided to get certified in scuba diving.
I, on the other hand, prefer breathing my air above water! But I did tag along with her to one of the classes, anyway. She learned how to handle and interpret all the various diver gauges: gas pressure, submersive pressure, depth, and on.
The one feature all those indicators had in common was a bold, red line to indicate the level the diver must obey to stay out of danger.
That's when it hit me: Scuba-diving is a lot like financial markets. Investors and traders jump in -- and use an array of safety gauges to keep them on the right side of price action.
Well, at least those investors and traders who use technical market indicators. For them, those bold, red lines indicating the point of danger -- those are equivalent to the most critical component of market analysis: protective stops. The second prices cross this line, it's time to "swim back up to the surface" and safely re-adjust your position.
For any investor/trader, then, the ultimate goal is to clearly identify these life-"lines" ahead of time, before jumping in. That, dear friends, is where our newest, FREE report "How to Set and Manage Stops With the Wave Principle" comes in.
Here is an excerpt:
"Let's begin with rule No. 1: Wave two will never retrace more than 100% of wave one.
"In Figure 4-1, we have a five-wave advance followed by a three-wave decline, which we will call waves (1) and (2).
"An important thing to remember about second waves is that they usually retrace more than half of wave one, most often making a .618 Fibonacci retracement of wave one. So in anticipation of a third-wave rally -- which is where prices normally travel the farthest in the shortest amount of time -- you should look to buy at or near the .618 retracement of wave one.
"Where to place the stop: Once a long position is initiated, a protective stop can be placed one tick below the origin of wave (1). If wave two retraces more than 100% of wave one, the move can no longer be labeled wave two."
Okay. Now let's see how this strategy plays out in the recent performance of a real world market: The U.S. dollar/Japanese yen exchange rate (USDJPY). On December 16, our Currency Pro Service intraday analysis posted this update of the popular currency pair:
"The top of wave ((2)) 122.22 and the .618 Fibonacci retracement of wave i 122.27 offers a target zone where this wave ii should run into some resistance. Trading back below the wave (4) low 121.58 will signal ... a wave ii top in place [and] wave iii [is] under way."
As you can see on the chart above, our Currency Pro Service utilized the Wave Principle's rules for wave 2 price action to identify these two trade-salvaging details:
- A high-probability top at 122.27, the .618 Fibonacci retracement of wave i
- And, while not explicitly stated in the written analysis, the potential protective stop is shown on the chart itself at the 123.476 level, the point at which wave ii would have retraced more than 100% of wave i (red horizontal line at top of chart)
Now, the next chart shows you how the USDJPY did indeed top near the .618 Fibonacci retracement of wave i, turning down in an impulsive turn to a five-month low.
To "dive" in the world's leading financial markets, you need to know how to identify the critical life-"lines" of protective stops.
Our FREE report "How to Set and Manage Stops With the Wave Principle" makes this step easy.
Or, existing Club EWI members, click here and have the free report on your screen in seconds. |
This article was syndicated by Elliott Wave International and was originally published under the headline USDJPY: "Diving" For Opportunity. EWI is the world's largest market forecasting firm. Its staff of full-time analysts led by Chartered Market Technician Robert Prechter provides 24-hour-a-day market analysis to institutional and private investors around the world.


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Theodore Rosendorf
It's unfortunate that pretty much no one composes with a scale when publishing for the web. Your article is a great step forward.
Also overlooked are line lengths. Since the beginning of the web, It has been a standard practice to expand the line lengths out with the width of the browser (like your site is currently :), causing line lengths to expand way too long. If an optimal line length for print is 66 characters, line lengths for web should be even smaller.


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Coral Study #10
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These pieces were originally intended to be purely abstract experimentations, but they slowly started heading into coral territory and resolved themselves somewhere in the middle.
Painted on raw timber, canvas and timber board the coral studies were executed with my left hand (non dominant) to retain a level of naiveté that my right no longer possesses.
This series of coral studies has also been released as paper prints.
26cm x 40cm
Portrait Orientation
Acrylic on raw timber
Purchase the paper print here.
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Posts Tagged 'digital file transfer'
Planning Tips For Document Imaging Solutions
When to Use Document Imaging
Document imaging can be a powerful tool but is only a small piece of a records information management (RIM) system. Using document imaging solely for the purpose of solving problems is not practical. The most efficient and logical use of document imaging is for documents that have a high retrieval rate by multiple users, especially in remote areas. Making sure your application is right for document imaging is the first step in the process.
Planning to Image Documents
There are a few basic questions that should be asked (answered) before investigating the implementation of an imaging system:
- What documents do you want to image?
- What is the retrieval rate of these documents (how often are they accessed?)
- How many people access these documents?
- What do you see as the benefits of having these documents available electronically?
More often than not, if the answers to the first three questions are sufficient, determine if further investigation is sensible. However, the fourth question is vital in in starting to address the return on investment question that will undoubtedly come next.
Solid Solutions for Document Imaging
If having certain documents available electronically aids in the level of customer service, then you could well be on your way to implementing an imaging system. If, however, many of the benefits include issues such as "no more lost or mis-filed items", then you are probably attempting to drink soup with a fork!
When used specifically to address issues of retrieval and multiple accesses, document imaging is a solid solution. There are also times when certain documents are included in the imaging process as a convenience to upper management. This can be a valid solution for VP's who have a heavy travel schedule and the need for vital documents on a regular basis. It also provides security for original vital documents without sacrificing access to the information these documents contain.
Indexing Documents for Efficient Access
If you do move forward with an imaging system, keeping the index system concise and as limited as possible keeps the system user friendly and cost efficient. Scanning documents is easy and scanners are relatively inexpensive. The question is will anyone ever be able to find the document after it has been scanned? Also, remember that you must put your files in order before you scan. An inefficient paper based filing system will translate into a messier electronic document system!
Retaining Documents After Scanning
As for keeping the originals, that depends on what is scanned. If only certain documents are scanned from a file and miscellaneous correspondence or other documentation must be kept, then you might as well keep the scanned original. What is more important is that both the paper and the image is part of a comprehensive retention schedule.
For more information on document imaging and retention scheduling, call us toll free at 1-800-803-1083 or visit www.ssgims.com!


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Valentine's Week in Orlando!
Even though this entire month can be celebrated by romance, this is the week that most choose. All the local restaurants are offering specials…we are offering a special rate all month too! So, what are you waiting for? Rooms are going fast.
One of of favorite places, Leu Gardens, is having a Valentine's Day Concert – A Night of Swing in the Garden. Tickets are $25pp and can be bought online. Pack a classy picnic, tuck in a bottle of wine, book your room at Thurston House, and celebrate your special someone! The garden is always beautiful in February!!!