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WILLIE LYNCH SPEECH (Part I)
by Prof. Manu Ampim
Since 1995 there has been much attention given to a speech claimed to be delivered by a "William Lynch" in 1712. This speech has been promoted widely throughout African American and Black British circles. It is re-printed on numerous websites, discussed in chat rooms, forwarded as a "did you know" email to friends and family members, assigned as required readings in college and high school courses, promoted at conferences, and there are several books published with the title of "Willie Lynch."[1] In addition, new terminology called the "Willie Lynch Syndrome" has been devised to explain the psychological problems and the disunity among Black people.
Further, it is naively assumed by a large number of Willie Lynch believers that this single and isolated speech, allegedly given almost 300 years ago, completely explains the internal problems and divisions within the African American community. They assume that the "Willie Lynch Syndrome" explains Black disunity and the psychological trauma of slavery. While some have questioned and even dismissed this speech from the outset, it is fair to say that most African Americans who are aware of the speech have not questioned its authenticity, and assume it to be a legitimate and very crucial historical document which explains what has happened to African Americans.
However, when we examine the details of the "Willie Lynch Speech" and its assumed influence, then it becomes clear that the belief in its authenticity and widespread adoption during the slavery era is nothing more than a modern myth. In this brief examination, I will show that the only known "William Lynch" was born three decades after the alleged speech, that the only known "William Lynch" did not own a plantation in the West Indies, that the "speech" was not mentioned by anyone in the 18th or 19th centuries, and that the "speech" itself clearly indicates that it was composed in the late 20th century.
The "Willie Lynch Speech" is not
mentioned by any 18th or
19th century slavemasters or anti-slavery activists. There is a large body of written materials
from the slavery era, yet there is not one reference to a William Lynch speech
given in 1712. This is very curious because both free and enslaved African
Americans wrote and spoke about the
tactics and practices of white slavemasters.
Frederick Douglass, Nat Turner, Olaudah Equino, David Walker, Maria
Stewart, Martin Delaney, Henry Highland Garnet, Richard Allen,
Likewise, none of the most credible historians on the enslavement of African Americans have ever mentioned the Lynch speech in any of their writings. A reference to the Lynch speech and its alleged divide and rule tactics are completely missing in the works of Benjamin Quarles, John Hope Franklin, John Henrik Clarke, William E.B. Du Bois, Herbert Aptheker, Kenneth Stampp, John Blassingame, Rosalyn Terborg-Penn, Darlene Clark-Hine, and Lerone Bennett. These authors have studied the details and dynamics of Black social life and relations during slavery, as well as the "machinery of control" by the slavemasters, yet none made a single reference to a Lynch speech.
Since the Willie Lynch speech was not mentioned by any slavemasters, pro-slavery advocates, abolitionists, or historians studying the slavery era, the question of course is when did it appear?
The first reference to the Willie
Lynch speech was in a late 1993 on-line listing of sources, posted by Anne
Taylor, who was then the reference librarian at the
"Enough butt-covering, now it's time to talk about where I got it. The publisher who gave me this [speech] wanted to remain anonymous…because he couldn't trace it, either, and until now I've honored his wishes. It was printed in a local, widely-distributed, free publication called The St. Louis Black Pages, 9th anniversary edition, 1994*, page 8."
The Lynch speech was distributed in the Black community in 1993 and 1994, and in fact I came across it during this time period, but as an historian trained in Africana Studies and primary research I never took it serious. I simply read it and put it in a file somewhere.
However, the Lynch speech was
popularized at the Million Man March (held in
We, as a people who have been
fractured, divided and destroyed because of our division, now must move toward
a perfect union. Let's look at a speech,
delivered by a white slave holder on the banks of the
The 1995 Million Man March was
broadcast live on C-Span television and thus millions of people throughout the
Full Text of the
alleged Willie Lynch Speech, 1712:
I greet you here on the bank of the
I caught the whiff of a dead slave
hanging from a tree a couple of miles back. You are not only losing a valuable
stock by hangings, you are having uprisings, slaves are running away, your
crops are sometimes left in the fields too long for maximum profit, you suffer
occasional fires, your animals are killed.
Gentlemen, you know what
your problems are: I do not need to elaborate. I am not here to enumerate your
problems, I am here to introduce you to a method of solving them. In my bag
here, I have a fool proof method for controlling your Black slaves. I guarantee
everyone of you that if installed correctly it will control the slaves for at
least 300 hundred years [sic]. My method is simple. Any member of your family
or your overseer can use it.
I have outlined a number of differences
among the slaves: and I take these differences and make them bigger. I use
fear, distrust, and envy for control purposes. These methods have worked on my
modest plantation in the
On top of my list is
'Age', but it is there only because it starts with an 'A': the second is
'Color' or shade, there is intelligence, size, sex, size of plantations, status
on plantation, attitude of owners, whether the slave live in the valley, on
hill, East, West, North, South, have fine hair, coarse hair, or is tall or
short. Now that you have a list of differences. I shall give you an outline of
action-but before that I shall assure you that distrust is stronger than trust
and envy is stronger than adulation, respect, or admiration.
The Black slave after receiving this indoctrination shall carry on and will
become self re-fueling and self generating for hundreds of years, maybe
thousands. Don't forget you must pitch the old Black male vs. the young Black
male, and the young Black male against the old Black male. You must use the
dark skin slaves vs. the light skin slaves and the light skin slaves vs. the
dark skin slaves. You must use the female vs. the male, and the male vs. the
female. You must also have your white servants and overseers distrust all
Blacks, but it is necessary that your slaves trust and depend on us. They must
love, respect and trust only us.
Gentlemen, these kits are
your keys to control. Use them. Have your wives and children use them, never
miss an opportunity. If used intensely for one year, the slaves themselves will
remain perpetually distrustful. Thank you, gentlemen."
The only known "William Lynch"
who could have authorized a 1712 speech in
The Lynch speech lists a number of divide and rule tactics that were not important concerns to slaveholders in the early 1700s, and they certainly were not adopted. The anonymous writer of the Lynch speech states, "I have outlined a number of differences among the slaves: and I take these differences and make them bigger." Here is the list provided in the Lynch speech: age, color, intelligence, fine hair vs. coarse hair, tall vs. short, male vs. female.
However, none of these "tactics"
were concerns to slaveholders in the early 1700s in the West Indies or colonial
SPEECH vs.
Age Ethnic origin & language
Color (light vs. dark skin) African born vs. American born
Intelligence Occupation (house vs. field slave)
Fine hair vs. coarse hair Reward system for "good" behavior
Tall vs. short Class status
Male vs. female Outlawed social gatherings
It is certain that "Willie Lynch" did not use his divide and rule tactics on his "modest
plantation in the
20th CENTURY TERMS IN LYNCH SPEECH
There are a number of terms in the alleged 1712 Lynch speech that are undoubtedly anachronisms (i.e. words that are out of their proper historical time period). Here are a few of the words in the speech that were not used until the 20th century:
Lynch speech: "In my bag here, I have a fool proof method for controlling your Black slaves."
Anachronisms: "Fool proof" and "Black" with an upper-case "B" to refer to people of African descent are of 20th century origin. Capitalizing "Black" did not become a standard from of writing until the late 1960s.
Lynch speech: "The Black slave after receiving this indoctrination shall carry on and will become self re-fueling and self generating for hundreds of years."
Anachronism: "Re-fueling" is a 20th century term which refers to transportation.
It is clear that the "Willie
Lynch Speech" is a late 20th century invention because of the
numerous reasons outlined in this essay.
I would advance that the likely candidate for such a superficial speech
is an African American male in the 20s-30s age range, who probably minored in
Black Studies in college. He had a limited knowledge of 18th century
Some people argue that it doesn't matter if the speech is fact or fiction, because white people did use tactics to divide us. Of course tactics were used but what advocates of this argument don't understand is that African people will not solve our problems and address the real issues confronting us by adopting half-baked urban myths. If there are people who know that the Lynch speech is fictional, yet continue to promote it in order to "wake us up," then we should be very suspicious of these people, who lack integrity and will openly violate trust and willingly lie to our community.
Even if the Willie Lynch mythology were true, the speech is focused on what white slaveholders were doing, and there is no plan, program, or any agenda items for Black people to implement. It is ludicrous to give god-like powers to one white man who allegedly gave a single speech almost 300 years ago, and claim that this is the main reason why Black people have problems among ourselves today! Unfortunately, too often Black people would rather believe a simple and convenient myth, rather than spend the time studying and understanding a situation. Too many of our people want a one-page, simplified Ripley's Believe It or Not explanation of "what happened."
While we are distracted by the Willie Lynch urban mythology, the real issues go ignored. There are a number of authentic first-hand written accounts by enslaved Africans, who wrote specifically about the slave conditions and the slavemasters' system of control. For example, writers such as Olaudah Equiano, Mahommah Baquaqua, and Frederick Douglass wrote penetrating accounts about the tactics of slave control.
Frederick Douglass, for instance, wrote in his autobiography, Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass, that one of the most diabolical tactics of the American slaveholders was to force the slave workers during their six days off for the Christmas holiday to drink themselves into a drunken stupor and forget about the pain of slavery. Douglass wrote, "It was deemed a disgrace not to get drunk at Christmas; and he was regarded as lazy indeed, who had not provided himself with the necessary means, during the year, to get whiskey enough to last him through Christmas. From what I know of the effects of these holidays upon the slave, I believe them to be the most effective means in the hands of the slaveholder in keeping down the spirit of insurrection. Were the slaveholders at once to abandon this practice, I have not the slightest doubt it would lead to an immediate insurrection among the slaves…. The holidays are part and parcel of the gross fraud, wrong, and inhumanity of slavery."[4]
Also, many nineteenth century Black writers discussed the specific tactics of the white slaveowners and how they used Christianity to teach the enslaved Africans how to be docile and accept their slave status. The problem with African American and Black British revelry during the Christmas holidays and the blind acceptance of the master's version of Christianity are no doubt major issues among Black people today. It is certain that both of these problems were initiated and perpetuated during slavery, and they require our immediate attention.
Many people who embrace the Willie Lynch myth have not studied the period of slavery, and have not read the major works or first-hand documents on this issue of African American slavery. Further, as indicated above, the Lynch hoax is so widespread that this fictional speech is amazingly used as required reading by some college instructors. While we are being misled by this fantasy, the real historical data is being ignored. For example, Kenneth Stampp in his important work on slavery in the American South, The Peculiar Institution (1956), uses the historical records to outline the 5 rules for making a slave:
Primary (first-hand) research is the most effective weapon against the distortion of African history and culture. Primary research training is the best defense against urban legends and modern myths. It is now time for critical thinkers to bury the decade-old mythology of "William Lynch."
1. For example, see: Lawanda Staten, How to Kill Your Willie Lynch (1997); Kashif Malik Hassan-el, The Willie Lynch Letter and the Making of a Slave (1999); Marc Sims, Willie Lynch: Why African-Americans Have So Many Issues! (2002); Alvin Morrow, Breaking the Curse of Willie Lynch (2003); and Slave Chronicles, The Willie Lynch Letter and the Destruction of Black Unity (2004).
2. See: www.umsl.edu/services/library/blackstudies/narrate.htm
3. For this quote and the general Anne Taylor email exchanges regarding the authenticity of the Willie Lynch speech, see: www.umsl.edu/services/library/blackstudies/winbail.htm
4. Frederick Douglass, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass (1845), p. 84.
5. Kenneth Stampp, The Peculiar Institution: Slavery in the Ante-Bellum South (1956), pp. 144-48.
*Prof. Manu Ampim is an Historian and Primary (first-hand) Researcher specializing in African & African American history and culture. He is also a professor of Africana Studies. He can be reached at:


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After you are happy with the shape and size of your reconstruction and time has passed for you to heal, you may consider having a nipple reconstructed. The nipple created by your surgeon will not be like your natural nipple. It will not react to temperature or touch by flattening and becoming larger, and will not have "feeling." Depending on the type of breast reconstruction, reconstructed nipples may appear more or less "perky" than others. Because of this, many women are content to go without a nipple on their reconstructed breast.
If you choose to have nipple reconstruction, there are a variety of techniques. Most procedures involve using the skin of your breast reconstruction, such as the procedures shown below. Another option is to take a portion of natural nipple from your other breast (if it is large enough) and graft it to the reconstructed breast. These techniques often do not require a visit to the operating room, and can be performed in an office setting.
The areola (the colored portion around the nipple) is most often recreated with a tattoo. The illusion of a nipple can also be created by having a tattoo made with a central region that is darker than the rest. There are a variety of available flesh tone colors to create a natural-appearing areola. Areolar tattooing is usually painless and can be performed in an office setting. Most tattoos will fade as much as 40% over time and may need to be reapplied after a few years.
Another option is to use a graft of skin from another location of the body, usually your inner thigh or waist. Skin from these areas of the body has a natural tendency to heal darker when it is grafted. Areola grafts are performed in the operating room.
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09/15/2023- Middlesex, NJ: Lasers are an integral part of various industries, from medicine and manufacturing to research and entertainment. While lasers offer numerous benefits and applications, they also pose potential hazards if not handled with care. This is where laser warning signs play a crucial role in ensuring safety and hazard communication.
Laser warning signs are not merely decorative additions to a workspace; they are essential tools for hazard communication. These signs provide a visual alert to individuals about the presence of lasers, the potential risks associated with laser exposure, and the necessary precautions to take. By prominently displaying these signs, employers can fulfill their responsibility to maintain a safe working environment and keep employees, visitors, and bystanders informed about potential laser hazards.
Exploring Diverse Possibilities
The realm of laser warning signs offers a wide range of possibilities, accommodating different needs and preferences. Phillips Safety provides an extensive collection of laser warning signs tailored to various scenarios. These signs come in both plastic and magnetic materials, catering to different installation requirements.
One notable feature offered by Phillips Safety is the option to customize laser warning signs. This customization goes beyond selecting standard messages; customers can include specific precautionary instructions and details such as the laser safety officer's name and contact number. This personalized approach enhances safety by providing relevant information to individuals who encounter the laser environment. Presented below are three notable laser warning signs available in Phillips Safety's collection.
Warning Class 3B Laser Controlled Area Laser Warning Sign
Designed for areas where Class 3B lasers are in use, this sign effectively communicates the potential hazards and controlled access requirements. It prominently displays the message "Warning: Class 3B Laser Controlled Area", and is offered in both standard and customized versions, each boasting dimensions of 14" width x 10" height.
Caution Class 3R Laser In Use Laser Warning Sign
With a focus on Class 3R lasers, this sign alerts individuals to exercise caution in the presence of lower-intensity lasers. It displays the warning message "Caution: Class 3R Laser In Use", with the standard version providing designated areas and lines intended for manual completion.
Danger Class 4 Laser Controlled Area Laser Warning Sign
For areas housing high-intensity Class 4 lasers, this sign emphasizes the need for heightened precautions and controlled access. This rectangular sign features the message "Danger: Class 4 Laser Controlled Area" and complies with internationally recognized safety standards, similarly to the aforementioned options.
Enhance Workplace Safety with Phillips Safety
In summary, laser safety is a paramount concern in environments where lasers are utilized. Laser warning signs are powerful tools that bridge the gap between potential hazards and informed decision-making. By choosing the right signs, customizing messages, and ensuring proper visibility, employers can contribute to a safer workplace for everyone involved.
Explore the extensive collection of laser warning signs at Phillips Safety to find the perfect fit for your specific safety needs. Your commitment to laser hazard communication starts with a simple sign that can make a significant difference. If you need help or more information about our products, e-mail us at email@example.com, or call us at 1-866-575-1307.
About Us:
Phillips Safety Products Inc. is the world leader in occupational safety products. Phillips Safety specializes in safety glasses for laser, radiation, welding, and glass working among others. The Company's products include laser safety glasses, radiation safety glasses, glassworking eyewear, and welding safety glasses. Phillips manufactures other safety products, including sheeting, barriers, signs, glass, and lenses. The Phillips family has been in the occupational safety industry for over 100 years and continues to play an active role in the community. Don't hesitate to be a part of the Phillips Safety family.
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Contact Detail:
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Contact Person: Media Relations
Email: Send Email
Phone No: 1-866-575-1307
Address: 271 Lincoln Blvd
City: Middlesex
State: NJ 08846
Country: United States
Website Url: https://phillips-safety.com
Source: www.PRExhibition.com


text:
Many thanks to Tristan Morris for creating a beautiful illustrated hardcover print edition of the site |
(Siamo spiacenti, questa pagina non è ancora stato tradotto in italiano.) While passing by the temple's Support Desk, the nun Hwídah heard of strange behavior in a certain application. Since she had been appointed by master Banzen to assist with production issues, the nun dutifully described the symptoms to the application's senior monk: "Occasionally a user will return to a record they had previously edited, only to discover that some information is missing," said Hwídah. "The behavior is not repeatable, and the users confess that they may be imagining things." "I have heard these reports," said the senior monk. "There is no bug in the code that I can see, nor can we reproduce the problem in a lower environment." "Still, it may be prudent to investigate further," said the nun. The monk sighed. "We are all exceedingly busy. Only a few users have reported this issue, and even they doubt themselves. So far, all are content to simply re-enter the 'missing' information and continue about their business. Can you offer me one shred of evidence that this is anything more than user error?" The nun shook her head, bowed, and departed. That night, the senior monk was awoken from his sleep by a squeaking under his bed, of the sort a mouse might make. This sound continued throughout the night—sometimes in one place, sometimes another, presumably as the intruder wandered about in search of food. A sandal flung in the direction of the sound resulted in immediate quiet, but eventually the squeaking would begin again in a different part of the room. "This is doubtless some lesson that the meddlesome Hwídah wishes to teach me," he complained to his fellows the next day, dark circles under his eyes. "Yet I will not be bullied into chasing nonexistent bugs. If the nun is so annoyed by the squeaking of our users, let her deal with it!" The monk set mousetraps in the corners and equipped himself with a pair of earplugs. Thus he passed the next night, and the night after, though his sleep was less restful than he would have liked. On the seventh night, the exhausted monk turned off the light and fell hard upon his bed. There was a loud CRACK and the monk found himself tumbling through space. With a CRASH he bounced off his mattress and rolled onto a cold stone floor. His bed had, apparently, fallen through the floor into the basement. Perched high on a ladder—just outside the gaping hole in the basement's wooden ceiling—was the nun Hwídah, her face lit only by a single candle hanging nearby. She descended and dropped an old brace-and-bit hand drill into the monk's lap. Then she crouched down next to his ear. "If you don't understand it, it's dangerous," whispered the nun. Un estratto da The Codeless Code, di Qi (email@example.com). Distribuito sotto l' Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License. *Many thanks to Larry Niven, whose 'Flatlander' taught me these most valuable seven words. |


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Groups & Events
Whether you're celebrating a birthday, entertaining a few clients or just getting together for dinner with friends before a night out in San Antonio, your group will enjoy the entertaining atmosphere and relaxing vibes at LandShark Bar & Grill. Any visit to the LandShark Bar & Grill is an opportunity for your group to step out of their daily routine and into an laid-back adventure, if only for the evening. Our sales team will be happy to discuss our group reservation options.
To request information about how to schedule your party, please email us directly, or use the form.


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By Don Gutzmer – GBI Technical Advisor
"What's the lowest temperature WEST SYSTEM Epoxy can be applied?" During cold weather, this is a common question our Technical Advisors are asked. Fortunately, it's one we're well equipped to answer. Gougeon Brothers, Inc. got its start in the world of DN Iceboat racing. Both Meade and Jan Gougeon have won multiple DN cup races worldwide. It's not unusual for an iceboat to need repairs mid-regatta, so part of the discipline of iceboat racing is getting epoxy to cure despite cold working environments. The trick is using strategies that bring epoxy temperatures up to adequate cure levels in cold working environments. Continue reading


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When you are logged in and have ownership of a page on this techref site, either because you are the person who created the page or because you have agreed to maintain it by clicking on the "No one owns this page... would you like to maintain it? " link at the bottom of an unowned page, you will see an Edit button in the "control panel form" along with the Add button. (You may have to press "Refresh" in your browser") Pressing this button will open the HTML source code of the page in a very large text area. You may change anything you like and then press the "Update" button (scroll down) to save your changes back to the site. (You may have to press "Refresh" in your browser")
If you use Internet Explorer 5.0 or higher, you will also see a button for "WYSIWYG Edit" which will open the new WYSIWYG editor and allow you to change the page via common editing controls on a toolbar. Just click where you wish and type to enter new text. Select text by dragging the cursor over it and use the buttons on the left side of the toolbar the change the attributes of that text. e.g. Bold, Italic, typeface, pointsize, etc.... You can also change the justification, indenting and format of paragraphs and add tables. Use the link button (icon of a chain link on it side) to edit or insert links. Viewing and editing the raw HTML is also possible via a button on the toolbar. Note that there are some issues with the WYSIWYG editor and images, so be sure to check your work after you have updated it.
In order to host peoples pages without all the navigation , feedback, and advertizements at the bottom, .html pages are not processed in any way and are simply served as they are. If you make a file with an .html extension, it will have no links that allow users to add comments to a page, search for simular pages, etc... , however... it will also not have the link to edit or wysiwyg edit the page itself.
To edit an .html page in the standard HTML source editor, just add "?edit"
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You must be the owner of the page to do this and it does require an understanding
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To use the WYSIWYG editor, just add "?wedit" to the end of the URL.
There is currently no way to post images to the site other than to email them to me. I'm happy to host images, I just want to see them first.
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White Glove Service includes unpacking, inspection, removal/disposal of packing materials, transporting your order up or down a maximum of 2 flights of stairs and setting up merchandise in the room of your choice.
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Water Sports
Splish - splash - plenty of watersport fun!
Canoeing & Kayaking
We recommend Ariège Evasion, based just 5 minutes walk from Chez Arran. There are a number of courses for adults and children from 1hr to 3.5hrs. You are met at the bottom to take you and the canoes back to the centre. www.ariege-evasion.com
White Water Rafting
The departmental canoe school based in Foix offers a range of canoeing
and white water descents, all of which are accompanied by a qualified
guide. They have the full range of equipment from inflatable Kayaks,
rafts (suitable for between 4 and 8 people), smaller individual
inflatable's and canoes for 1, 2 or 3 people.
Also at Foix, and open to everyone, is a 400m canoeing slalom course with 80 gates. More details and photos are available by following this link.
Canyoning is a combination of swimming, climbing, sliding or walking down steep, fast-flowing mountain streams or rivers, armed with a wet suit! Canyoning typically involves jumping into and swimming across superb mountain rock pools, and sliding or abseiling down waterfalls. An easy introduction to canyoning is offered by many of the local teams, at about €30 per person. For the more advanced, there are 'sporting canyonning trips' and custom day or even weekend trips. We recommend Maël Loizance www.facebook.com/mael.loizance to provide a great half or full day for you.
Wild Lake Swimming, pools and waterfalls
There are some glorious high mountain lakes and stream pools which you can swim in on a hot day, in addition to Lac Mondeley which also has an accompanying beach and cafe. Ideally combined with a mountain walk or yoga on the beach! Check out Pont de Gers pools and also Cascade d' Artigues http://www.visorando.com/randonnee-cascades-de-l-artigue/ near Marc in the Vicdessos valley.
The nearest beaches are at Narbonne which is two hours away from Foix. We recommend Leucate plage as one of the prettiest. Narbonne-Plage and Saint-Pierre-sur-Mer offer modern beach resorts just 15 minutes outside of Narbonne. At Saint-Pierre visitors can book lessons in sailing, windsurfing and kite surfing, or hire equipment if they already know how.


text: All products for sale ship via the quickest and most reliable method based on the dimensions, and weights of the items you are ordering. At AFA Stores we want to make your online shopping experience is as convenient as possible. We do this in part by making sure your order arrives at your doorstep quickly and in perfect condition.


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Having an online presence on LinkedIn can be important in your job search. Your LinkedIn profile can present your credentials to prospective employers and hiring managers, increasing your chance of securing an interview.
Your LinkedIn profile should complement your résumé, but it shouldn't duplicate it directly. To have a strong online presence, you must be clear about who you are, and who you are not. (An unfocused LinkedIn profile may be worse than no profile at all.) Your LinkedIn profile can also be more comprehensive than your résumé, since it offers you more room to showcase projects, publications, and experience.
A successful LinkedIn profile gives readers a snapshot of who you are and how you can contribute to their organization. You must understand and be able to articulate and communicate what makes you exceptional and compelling.
The purpose of this report is to help you develop a LinkedIn profile that will lead to job opportunities, contacts from prospective employers and recruiters, and increased visibility online. All of these will help in your job search.
One of the most effective ways to establish a presence online (so that you are found when someone "Googles" you), is with a LinkedIn profile. You want an online profile that you control, that you can take with you — independent of any employer — and that demonstrates what kind of job candidate you are (and what you do). Best of all, LinkedIn's basic features are free.
Your LinkedIn profile is a marketing piece — not a biography or a résumé. It's not designed to outline your entire professional history. Instead, it provides enough information to get people to connect with you — and/or make a contact with you. Because it's a marketing piece, you need to come up with a headline that will instantly attract the attention of your reader. You have approximately 20 seconds to catch the attention of a visitor to your profile. Consequently, you must find a way to stand out in a crowd. If your profile is like every other profile on LinkedIn, you won't stand out, and you won't be found as easily.
Standing out with your LinkedIn profile can mean highlighting the strongest qualifications you have for an employer in your LinkedIn headline, backing up those qualifications with accomplishments throughout your profile summary, and using strategies that will help you become found by the people who most need someone like you.
"Don't try to be all things to all people." Although you can create different targeted versions of your résumé to target different types of positions, you're limited to one LinkedIn profile. On LinkedIn — as on your résumé — one size does not fit all.
The most difficult part of creating your LinkedIn profile is sounding original. By articulating what makes you unique and valuable, you will attract attention from prospective employers. Be specific about what distinguishes you from others with a similar job title.
The answers to these questions may give you some ideas for creating your LinkedIn profile and headline:
What specific job titles are used to describe someone in your position? (Be specific regarding level, functional role, and industry.)
In performance reviews, in what areas do you receive the highest scores or the most positive feedback?
What is the most important part of your current job?
What is your biggest achievement in your job — have you saved your company money, helped the company make money, or helped it become more efficient, improve safety, improve customer service, etc.
What are your top three skills?
What are you best known for at work?
If you were asked to select your replacement, what qualities would you be looking for?
What kind of challenges at work do you most enjoy working on?
Do you have any specific training or credentials that distinguish you?
What makes you different from other (job titles)? Is there an area where you are better than others?
Can you distinguish yourself by the geographic area you work in or your years of experience?
When someone searches for you on LinkedIn, they will see three things: Your name, your LinkedIn headline, and your location. In many cases, hiring managers and recruiters will make the decision to read your full LinkedIn profile based on just these three things. Consequently, the LinkedIn headline acts like a newspaper or magazine title. It gives the reader an idea of what your profile will include (just like a newspaper headline previews a story). Being specific results in a much better headline. Great headlines attract attention, and the more people who view your LinkedIn profile, the better your chances of connecting with the right person who can lead you to your dream job.
Your headline needs to quickly identify you as a certain type of person — i.e., manager or executive, or someone who specializes in a certain field or industry.
A well-written headline will also help you to structure the rest of the information you include in your LinkedIn profile. If the information doesn't support the headline, consider whether it should be included at all. Remember, focus is important.
Note: LinkedIn's default for your headline is your job title and company. If you don't change it, this is what LinkedIn will show on your profile.
The Role of Keywords In Your LinkedIn Profile
Keywords also play an important part for you in being found by people who don't know you on LinkedIn — this is particularly true for jobseekers who are hoping for contacts from prospective employers and recruiters. Keywords are a list of words and phrases that are related to your work — they are the words that a prospective employer would search for when trying to find someone like you. LinkedIn headlines are searchable fields using the "People Search" function when someone is looking for particular skills, interests, qualifications, or credentials.
You can also incorporate keywords throughout your LinkedIn profile, including:
• Your LinkedIn profile headline
• Current and former work experience
• LinkedIn summary section
• Specialties or Skills section
Where can you find keywords? Brainstorm them. Write down a list of words that relates to you, your work, your industry, and your accomplishments. Try to come up with as big of a list as you can; you will narrow it down later.
You can also find keywords in job postings or job descriptions. Check out online job boards for positions (don't worry about where the job is located, just find positions that are similar to the one you're seeking and write down the keywords.)
You can also find broad job descriptions — with plenty of keywords — in the U.S. Department of Labor's free Occupational Outlook Handbook (http://www.bls.gov/ooh/).
Another great research tool is Google's Adwords Keywords Tool, which can be found at: https://adwords.google.com/select/keywordToolExternal. You can use keywords you identified through your earlier research and it will suggest related keywords (it will also tell you the popularity of the keywords you enter as they relate to current Google search results).
Now it's time to narrow down your keywords and pick a "Top 10" that you will use in your LinkedIn headline and profile.
The keywords that you select for your profile must fit two criteria:
• They must speak to your "onlyness" — that is, what you want to be known for.
• They must align with what employers value — that is, what they want.
Focusing on these areas enables you to get the most out of your online efforts while differentiating you from other job candidates with the same job title. You need to express clearly: "I am this." Someone who is reading your LinkedIn profile should be able to recognize you in it. If what you wrote could apply to anyone with your job description, revise what you've written.
How to Write an Attention-Getting LinkedIn Headline
The headline and the first 2-3 sentences of your LinkedIn profile summary are critical to making connection and securing opportunities from recruiters and hiring managers.
You can learn a lot about developing your profile from online dating sites — because the concept is the same. You have to get someone's attention. Your profile may be the first impression that hiring managers have of you — so make it count! You're trying to get them to take a first step and reach out to connect with you.
Focus on what you have to offer a prospective employer; don't focus on you. The information you provide should be 80 percent about what you have done for your current employer (accomplishments-oriented), and 20 percent about you and what you're looking for. Unfortunately, most LinkedIn profiles (especially the summary section!), are the reverse.
Think of it this way: Prospective employers are tuned into a particular radio station — it's called "WIIFM." All employers are listening for is: "What's In It For Me?" (WIIFM). Remember: Employers hire for their reasons, not yours.
What proof do you have that you can offer the employer the results they are seeking? Quantify your accomplishments as much as possible in terms of numbers, percentages, and dollar amounts.
Don't copy someone else's LinkedIn profile. Be original! Look at other profiles for ideas, but don't copy someone else's headline or summary. Remember — your online presence must speak to your "onlyness." Also, give your profile some personality!
People who make a connection with you through your profile are more likely to contact you about a career opportunity.
Formula for Writing an Effective LinkedIn Headline
There are generally two schools of thought when it comes to writing your profile headline. The first is using a narrative or descriptive title; the second is simply using keywords separated by commas, bullets, or the pipe symbol on your keyboard ( | ).
LinkedIn's current algorithm gives higher ranking to matching keywords, so strategy number two appeals more to computer searches, while strategy number one appeals to human readers. Eventually, all profiles found through computer searches will be reviewed by a human being, however, so it is important to balance readability with the inclusion of keywords.
You are limited to just 120 characters in your LinkedIn headline, so it's also important to be succinct and direct.
Things you can consider including in your LinkedIn headline:
• Job titles
• Types of customers / projects you work with
• Industry specialization
• Brands you've worked for
• Certifications or designations
• Geographic territory specialization
Note: If you don't write your own headline, LinkedIn will create one for you — usually, the most recent job title in your profile and a company or organization name. This is very similar to strategy number one, so this is the most common type of LinkedIn profile you will see on the site.
To improve readability, capitalize the first letter of each of the words in your headline.
Here are some strategies for writing your LinkedIn headline, along with the advantages and disadvantages that go along with each tactic.
1. Keep It Simple. Say it simply and directly: Your job title and the company you work for. This is a good strategy if your job title is a strong keyword and/or the company you work for is well-known. The advantage is that it clearly communicates who you are and what you do; the disadvantage is that it doesn't set you apart from many others who could claim those same credentials.
This strategy can also use the following formulas:
• (Job Title)
• (Job Title) at (Company Name)
• (Job Title) for (Industry) at (Company Name)
• (Job Title) Specializing in (Keywords)
For example, here is an example of a headline that incorporates a job title and keywords:
2. What You Do. This strategy focuses on job functions instead of job titles. The advantage to this headline strategy is that job functions often make excellent keywords. The possible problem is if you simply string together a bunch of job functions without creating a story to explain who you are — along with what you do — so make sure you add some context to your keywords/job functions.
This strategy can also incorporate key projects and/or the names of key clients or important employers, especially if any of those have high "name recognition" value. You may also wish to include a specific industry or geographic area to your job function-focused headline.
Here is an example that uses job function and targets the kinds of clients this consultant serves:
3. The Big Benefit. It's important to identify the primary benefit you have to offer a prospective employer. Target what author Susan Britton Whitcomb says are "Employer Buying Motivators" in her book Résumé Magic. The 12 specific needs a company has include the company's desire to: make money, save money, save time, make work easier, solve a specific problem, be more competitive, build relationships or an image, expand their business, attract new customers, and/or retain existing customers.
How can you be a problem solver for your next employer? Think about the job you want and what your next boss would want in an employee in that role. Make that the focus of your headline.
This can be expressed in several different ways:
• (Job Title) That Gets (Results)
• (Adjective) (Job Title) With a Track Record of Success in (Results)
For example:
Be specific! Adding numbers and other specific wording can make your LinkedIn headline much more powerful. Here is the same strategy, but this one quantifies the scope and scale of the benefit to the employer:
But try not to include the "Top 10 Overused Buzzwords in LinkedIn Profiles in the United States." Here is the 2011 list:
4. An Enthusiastic Testimonial. This headline strategy works best when you've received honors or recognition within your field. This can be an extremely effective strategy if you word it correctly. It's important that the designation is clear enough to stand on its own without too much detail. It if requires too much explanation, you may not have enough room within LinkedIn's 120-character limit. A word of caution, however: Don't trade on honors or recognition that are too far in the past. "Four-Time President's Award-Winner for Revenue Growth in the Ball Bearings Industry" isn't as impressive if those awards were for 1998, 2001, 2003, and 2005.
This strategy also works if you can make a claim that is defensible (if the statement is "arguably true"). Put the claim in quotes so it appears as if it was published somewhere.
If you are having trouble writing your LinkedIn headline, write a very rough draft. It doesn't matter if it's not good, or if you have to leave some blanks. Having a framework will make it easier for you to complete later. Go ahead and finish writing the rest of your LinkedIn profile and then come back to it. Oftentimes, the headline will become much clearer at that point. (Just remember to review your LinkedIn profile to make sure all the information you've included supports the focus of the content, as directed by the headline and summary.)
You can also look on LinkedIn for inspiration. Check out the headlines and summaries of people you're connected with, or do a search for others in your field. Just remember not to copy their information; instead, use it as inspiration.
How to Change Your LinkedIn Headline
Sign into your LinkedIn account. From the main menu, choose "Edit Profile" under the "Profile" tab. On the "Edit Profile" page, click next to the "Edit" button next to your name. You will be taken to a "Basic Information" page where you can type your headline into a text box labeled "Professional 'Headline.'"
There's one more thing you should consider on the "Basic Information" page. Remember, LinkedIn will display your name, headline, and location on its search results page. You can adjust what information LinkedIn shows in the results using the "Location & Industry" section. Be sure to click "Save Changes" before leaving the page.
Writing Your Profile Summary
The "Summary" section of your LinkedIn profile is a vital part of your LinkedIn presence. You have 2,000 characters to give readers a brief snapshot of who you are.
The first 2-3 sentences need to instantly get your prospects interested in your profile — or, even better, get them excited about reading the rest of your profile. How do you add more value to the company, or solve problems better than other job candidates? Your LinkedIn summary can set you apart from other jobseekers on LinkedIn by demonstrating that you understand what employers want — and what you have to offer that meets that need.
Address these questions:
• How will your next employer benefit by hiring you? Quantify the value in terms of numbers, money, and/or percentages. Use specific numbers and facts to build credibility.
• What experience can you offer that will provide value to your next employer?
• What additional skills do you have that set you apart from other candidates with a similar background?
Write naturally and conversationally. In contrast to your résumé, you should use pronouns in your summary. Speak in the first person, not third person. ("I did such-and-such.") Write as if you're speaking to an individual reader. Make it personal. Be sure to emphasize outcomes — as well as what makes you uniquely qualified to do the job you do. Try to find a common THREAD through your work. Then, once you have a theme, use storytelling principles to write your summary as a narrative. Have a beginning, a middle, and an end.
Your summary can be anywhere from a few sentences up to a few paragraphs. But don't waste any words — make the most dramatic, powerful, attention-getting statement you can. Don't use any more words than is necessary, and don't be overly flowery in your language. The point of the first sentence is to get the prospect to read the second sentence. And the next sentence. And the next.
Be conversational and informal in your tone. Use contractions ("you're" instead of "you are"). Every word counts! And pay attention to grammar and spelling. Make sure there are no mistakes in your profile. Re-read and edit it. Have a colleague, friend, or spouse read it. Copy-and-paste it into a word processing program and run a spell-check on it.
You can also use asterisks, dashes, hyphens, and other keyboard characters to format the summary and make it easier to read.
• In the opening paragraph, draw attention to issues, challenges, or problems faced by your prospective employer.
• In the second and third paragraphs, demonstrate the value you offer to employers by quantifying the accomplishments in your current position (ideally related to the problems outlined in the first paragraph).
• In the fourth paragraph, talk about why you might be open to inquiries (if you are a passive candidate). If you are unemployed, you might state the reason why your most recent position ended (if the company closed, for example) or that you are available immediately. Give the reader information on how to contact you. (Note: LinkedIn's Terms of Service prohibit you from providing your email address directly in this section. Instead, direct them to connect with you on LinkedIn, or use one of your links to provide a method for direct contact.) You can also use the "Personal Information" section to provide a phone number.
Using these strategies, you can develop a LinkedIn headline and summary that will lead to job opportunities, contacts from prospective employers and recruiters, and increased visibility online for your job search.
Michelle A. Riklan is a Certified Professional Resume Writer and Career Expert.
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Training that ensures career advancement.
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kld(4) [opensolaris man page]
KLD(4) BSD Kernel Interfaces Manual KLD(4) NAME
kld -- dynamic kernel linker facility DESCRIPTION
The LKM (Loadable Kernel Modules) facility has been deprecated in FreeBSD 3.0 and above in favor of the kld interface. This interface, like its predecessor, allows the system administrator to dynamically add and remove functionality from a running system. This ability also helps software developers to develop new parts of the kernel without constantly rebooting to test their changes. Various types of modules can be loaded into the system. There are several defined module types, listed below, which can be added to the sys- tem in a predefined way. In addition, there is a generic type, for which the module itself handles loading and unloading. The FreeBSD system makes extensive use of loadable kernel modules, and provides loadable versions of most file systems, the NFS client and server, all the screen-savers, and the iBCS2 and Linux emulators. kld modules are placed by default in the /boot/kernel directory along with their matching kernel. The kld interface is used through the kldload(8), kldunload(8) and kldstat(8) programs. The kldload(8) program can load either a.out(5) or ELF formatted loadable modules. The kldunload(8) program unloads any given loaded module, if no other module is dependent upon the given module. The kldstat(8) program is used to check the status of the modules currently loaded into the system. Kernel modules may only be loaded or unloaded if the system security level kern.securelevel is less than one. MODULE TYPES
Device Driver modules New block and character device drivers may be loaded into the system with kld. Device nodes for the loaded drivers are automatically created when a module is loaded and destroyed when it is unloaded by devfs(5). You can specify userland programs that will run when new devices become available as a result of loading modules, or existing devices go away when modules are unloaded, by configuring devd(8). FILES
/boot/kernel directory containing module binaries built for the kernel also residing in the directory. /usr/include/sys/module.h file containing definitions required to compile a kld module /usr/share/examples/kld example source code implementing a sample kld module SEE ALSO
kldfind(2), kldfirstmod(2), kldload(2), kldnext(2), kldstat(2), kldunload(2), devfs(5), devd(8), kldload(8), kldstat(8), kldunload(8), sysctl(8) HISTORY
The kld facility appeared in FreeBSD 3.0 and was designed as a replacement for the lkm facility, which was similar in functionality to the loadable kernel modules facility provided by SunOS 4.1.3. AUTHORS
The kld facility was originally implemented by Doug Rabson <firstname.lastname@example.com>. BUGS
If a module B, is dependent on another module A, but is not compiled with module A as a dependency, then kldload(8) fails to load module B, even if module A is already present in the system. If multiple modules are dependent on module A, and are compiled with module A as a dependency, then kldload(8) loads an instance of module A when any of the modules are loaded. If a custom entry point is used for a module, and the module is compiled as an 'ELF' binary, then kldload(8) fails to execute the entry point. kldload(8) returns the cryptic message 'ENOEXEC (Exec format error)' for any error encountered while loading a module. When system internal interfaces change, old modules often cannot detect this, and such modules when loaded will often cause crashes or myste- rious failures. BSD November 8, 1998 BSD


text:
This week @ Portigal
It's another busy week here at Portigal as we are aflurry with a webinar, a kickoff, and a retreat:
- Steve will be giving his virtual seminar Championing Contextual Research in Your Organization tomorrow!
- We are kicking off a new project with a compressed timeline so we are ready to hit the ground running.
- Tamara will be cultivating her creative spirit at The Journey retreat in Oregon and offering two workshops.
- What we're consuming: Gherkin's Sandwich Shop, Morimoto and inGenius: A Crash Course on Creativity.


text:
Come for the price, stay for the quality
A First Course in Linear Algebra is an introductory textbook designed for university sophomores and juniors. Typically such a student will have taken calculus, but this is not a prerequisite. The book begins with systems of linear equations, then covers matrix algebra, before taking up finite-dimensional vector spaces in full generality. The final chapter covers matrix representations of linear transformations, through diagonalization, change of basis and Jordan canonical form. Along the way, determinants and eigenvalues get fair time. There is a comprehensive online edition and PDF versions are available to download for printing or on-screen viewing. Physical copies may be purchased from the print-on-demand service at Lulu.com.
It seems therefore desirable to give permanent form to the lessons of experience so that others can benefit by them and be encouraged to undertake similar work.
H.M. Cundy and A.P. Rollet, Mathematical Models, 1952
This textbook has more freedom than most (but see some exceptions). First, there is no cost to acquire this text, and you are under no obligation whatsoever to compensate or donate to the author or publisher. So in this most basic sense, it is a free textbook. Therefore you can also make as many copies as you like, ensuring that the book will never go out-of-print. You may modify copies of the book for your own use - for example, you may wish to change to a prefered notation for certain objects or add a few new sections. I have applied a copyright to the book, and subsequently licensed it with a GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL). It is this combination that allows me to give you greater freedoms in how you use the text, thus liberating it from some of the antiquated notions of copyright that apply to books in physical form. The main caveat is that if you make modifications and then distribute a modified version, you are required to again apply the GFDL license to the result so that others may benefit from your modifications.
If nature has made any one thing less susceptible than all others of exclusive property, it is the action of the thinking power called an idea, which an individual may exclusively possess as long as he keeps it to himself; but the moment it is divulged, it forces itself into the possession of every one, and the receiver cannot dispossess himself of it. Its peculiar character, too, is that no one possesses the less, because every other possesses the whole of it.
Thomas Jefferson,
Letter to Isaac McPherson, August 13, 1813
It is hoped that by this arrangement, others will help improve the book through rapid correction of errors and contributions of exercises and new material. Examine an evaluation copy, and if you like what you see, consider a donation or purchase to support this experiment in providing quality textbooks at reasonable prices.
"Instructors who wish to teach a pure linear algebra course that emphasizes rigor and formal mathematics will be able to make good use of this material and feel secure in the knowledge that the book is not going to go out of print. Finally, the price is right."
SIAM Review, Book Reviews, December 2007


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The planned $26 billion merger between T-Mobile and Sprint has been approved by the Justice Department and the FCC, but it's not a sure thing yet. To sweeten the deal, T-Mobile is dangling three big free and cheap data initiatives that will only go through if the merger does. A little sugar helps the medicine go down.
Contingent on creating the "New T-Mobile," there are three big moves planned, all of which to be fair sound great:
- 10 years of free 5G for all police, fire, emergency medical services, and other first responders countrywide
- Free wireless service and reduced cost devices to 10 million disconnected households in U.S. and Puerto Rico
- New $15/month prepaid plan with unlimited talk and text and 2GB of data
Obviously these are all aimed at making it seem like T-Mobile is concerned with the public good. And no one is disputing that these programs would help a lot of people out. It just feels like such a transparent play to balance out the anti-competitive risks of the merger.
FCC Commissioner Brendan Stark speculated in his dissent from yesterday's approval decision that the merger would lead to three 900-pound gorillas that would "divide up the market, increase prices, and compete only for the most lucrative customers."
FCC Chairman Ajit Pai, on the other hand, asserts that the merger "will provide New T-Mobile with the scale and spectrum resources necessary to deploy a robust 5G network across the United States," and make it competitive with Verizon and AT&T. (Disclosure: TechCrunch is owned by Verizon Media, but this does not affect our coverage.)
Although the regulatory hurdles are out of the way, the merger still faces a lawsuit from a collection of states who oppose the deal. That's due to go to court soon, but may be either dismissed or delayed due to the fact that the complaints were filed before the Justice and FCC approvals, and the stipulations that came with.


text:
Leonard Levinson, owner of The Pawn Broker, looks at the aftermath of the fire that destroyed his pawn shop and other Van Nuys businesses in the 6500 block of Van Nuys Boulevard, Thursday, April 22, 2010. | See photo gallery. (Michael Owen Baker/Staff Photographer)
By Kevin Modesti, Staff Writer
Thursday was the first morning in Ali Zaghari's memory that he didn't go to work at his men's clothing store on Van Nuys Boulevard.
Instead, Zaghari spent the morning starting across the six-lane street at the row of shops reduced to steel frames and ash by an overnight fire and asking people he'd never met what he's supposed to do now.
"That was my life," he said of the unfortunately named Flame Fashions Inc.
His business was one of five that were wiped out early Thursday by a fire that devastated a strip of mom-and-pop businesses in the 6500 block of Van Nuys Boulevard.


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What is The Weekend Walkabout? In the spirit of talk shows which all seem to have Free Form Fridays, Free-for-All Fridays, Open Lines Fridays, we have decided to try something similar with NORDO News. If you are unfamiliar with how "Free Form Friday" radio shows work, basically they are days (Friday) when listeners are allowed to call in and discuss whatever they would like. Often callers keep their subjects in line with typical topics of the show, but often other fun or crazy things work their way in due to the format. Since aviators are typically fun, free spirited types, this could lead to some interesting links.
Because this open format always has a name associated with the time frame in which it is held, I decided the NORDO News "free-for-all" would be called "The Weekend Walkabout". During the day of Friday, people are encouraged to send links to anything they find interesting. These can even be things that we would otherwise never post. And just like call radio shows, unfortunately not all things make it on the list because sometimes the lines are busy or the screener just can't handle them all. Yet, don't let that stop you from trying.
To get the ball rolling a post a note placed on our facebook page requesting people send us links to interesting aviation items. It is from that post we received the following links; a pretty good sampling of items.
If there is something you would like to add, feel free to post it in the comments. If you would like to discuss one or more of the links, post that in the comments also. Whatever you do, we hope you take a little time to chill out and look at what we ended up with in a very short time frame. Watch or view them all and you will likely have fun, shed tears, be amazed, or plan a vacation to Italy.
All the contributed links, plus one or two I added (sorry, I had to), are listed below. A few of them are from facebook therefore if you don't have a facebook account you may or may not be able to see them. Otherwise, the rest should be available to everyone. In the interest of keeping these random they are numbered but not titled. Click on each number to see something new.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14


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Most people can survive without food for at least a few weeks, maybe a bit longer. Eventually, however, starvation kills.
Yet the limits on how long people can go without eating are complicated; without water people are unlikely to last a week, but the amount of time starvation takes can vary drastically. Take the story of Angus Barbieri - for 382 days, ending 11 July 1966, the then-27-year-old Scotsman ate nothing.
There's limited documentation of Barbieri's fast: there are a few old newspaper stories recounting his ordeal and more convincingly, there's a case report describing the experience that his doctors published in the Postgraduate Medical Journal in 1973.
According to that report, Barbieri had walked into the University Department of Medicine at the Royal Infirmary of Dundee, Scotland, more than a year before, looking for help.
He was "grossly obese" at the time, according to his doctors, weighing 456 pounds (207 kg). The doctors put him on a short fast, thinking it would help him lose some weight, though they didn't expect him to keep it off.
But as days without food turned into weeks, Barbieri felt eager to continue the program.
Absurd and risky as his goal sounded - fasts over 40 days were and still are considered dangerous - he wanted to reach his "ideal weight," 180 pounds (82 kg). So he kept going.
In what was a surprise to his doctors, he lived his daily life mostly from home during the fast, coming into the hospital for frequent checkups and overnight stays.
Regular blood-sugar tests - intended to demonstrate that he was somehow able to function while very hypoglycemic - assured doctors that he really wasn't eating. Weeks turned into months.
Barbieri took vitamins on various occasions throughout the fast, including potassium and sodium supplements.
He was allowed to drink coffee, tea, and sparkling water, all of which are naturally calorie-free. He said there was the occasional time that he'd have a touch of sugar or milk in tea, especially in his final few weeks of fasting.
At the end of his ordeal, Barbieri tipped the scales at 180 pounds. Five years later, he'd still kept almost all the weight he'd lost off, weighing in at 196 (89 kg).
The limits of the human body
The Scotsman's fast is perhaps the most extreme example of a starvation diet ever recorded.
At least one person has reportedly even gone longer without food than Barbieri; a man named Dennis Galer Goodwin lasted 385 days on a hunger strike to assert his innocence of a rape charge before he was force-fed through a tube.
But Barbieri's extreme regimen is not the only fast for health of eye-popping duration. In 1964, researchers published a study noting that "prolonged starvation" could be an effective treatment for severe obesity, with at least one patient fasting for 117 days.
For medical reasons, several others have exceeded the 200-day fasting mark, though there has been at least one death during the re-feeding period for one of those patients.
In a sense, these stories show the body's remarkable ability to (in a few rare cases) survive off of its own fat stores, provided those stores are excessive enough in the first place.
Still, make no mistake, these types of extreme diets can be deadly. No one can survive without energy, which comes from food and can come from fat stores, though only for a period of time.
While 'starvation' as a treatment enjoyed some popularity in the 1960s and '70s, doctors abandoned this strategy because it was likely to kill patients.
After a certain period of time the body burns through fat and muscle, eventually causing physical changes that drastically increase the chance of a fatal heart attack.
Even low-calorie diets that provide insufficient nutrition have killed, with autopsy reports showing the characteristic signs of starvation.
But as Barbieri shows, the question of how long people can live without food is a complicated one.
Before his first meal after the fast, he claimed to have forgotten the taste of food. For breakfast on that July morning, he then ate a boiled egg, a slice of bread with butter, and a cup of black coffee.
According to a report published in the Chicago Tribune, the next day he told a reporter, "I thoroly [sic] enjoyed my egg and I feel very full."
For more on this story and for an in-depth look at the wild science of fasting, check out Business Insider's feature investigating the practice.
This article was originally published by Business Insider.
More from Business Insider:


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The Ezy Storage 12.2 Litre Karton storage container is perfectly designed to suit your everyday home and office storage needs with an array of clear and vibrant colours to help identify contents or match your surrounding décor. These containers are modular, regardless of size these containers with stack neatly with one another allowing you the additional room and space when organising. Also designed with a snap lock lid to keep your contents secure. Constructed from virgin grade, BPA free plastic making them food safe.
– Snap locking lid included
– Stackable
Colour: Clear
Capacity: 12.2L
Size: L35.5 x W22.3 x H21.5cm


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February 8
Quotes of the day from previous years:
- 2005
- All journeys have secret destinations of which the traveler is unaware. ~ Martin Buber (born 8 February 1878)
- selected by Kalki
- 2006
- There are, indeed, two forms of discontent: one laborious, the other indolent and complaining. We respect the man of laborious desire, but let us not suppose that his restlessness is peace, or his ambition meekness. It is because of the special connection of meekness with contentment that it is promised that the meek shall 'inherit the earth.' Neither covetous men, nor the grave, can inherit anything; they can but consume. Only contentment can possess. ~ John Ruskin (born 8 February 1819)
- selected by Kalki
- 2007
- One single war — we all know — may be productive of more evil, immediate and subsequent, than hundreds of years of the unchecked action of the mutual-aid principle may be productive of good. ~ Peter Kropotkin, died 8 February 1921.
- proposed by Fys
- 2008
- The greatest thing a human soul ever does in this world is to see something, and tell what it saw in a plain way. Hundreds of people can talk for one who can think, but thousands can think for one who can see. To see clearly is poetry, prophecy, and religion, — all in one. ~ John Ruskin
- proposed by InvisibleSun
- 2009
- Man's constitution is so peculiar that his health is purely a negative matter. No sooner is the rage of hunger appeased than it becomes difficult to comprehend the meaning of starvation. It is only when you suffer that you really understand. ~ Jules Verne, born 8 February 1828.
- proposed by Fys
- 2010
- Punishment is the last and least effective instrument in the hands of the legislator for the prevention of crime. ~ John Ruskin
- proposed by InvisibleSun
- 2011
- There is no wealth but life. Life, including all its powers of love, of joy, and of admiration. That country is the richest which nourishes the greatest numbers of noble and happy human beings; that man is richest, who, having perfected the functions of his own life to the utmost, has also the widest helpful influence, both personal, and by means of his possessions, over the lives of others. ~ John Ruskin
- proposed by InvisibleSun
- 2012
- Life without industry is guilt, and industry without art is brutality. ~ John Ruskin
- proposed by InvisibleSun
- 2013
An unimaginative person can neither be reverent nor kind. |
~ John Ruskin ~ |
- proposed by InvisibleSun
- 2014
Ignorance, which is contented and clumsy, will produce what is imperfect, but not offensive. But ignorance discontented and dexterous, learning what it cannot understand, and imitating what it cannot enjoy, produces the most loathsome forms of manufacture that can disgrace or mislead humanity |
~ John Ruskin ~ |
- proposed by bystander
- 2015
Every morning We cannot avoid |
~ Martin Buber ~ |
- proposed by Kalki
- 2016
Of course there is a monkey. There is always a monkey. |
~ J. J Abrams & Doug Dorst ~ in ~ S. ~ |
- proposed by Kalki
- 2017
The real struggle is not between East and West, or capitalism and communism, but between education and propaganda. |
~ Martin Buber ~ |
- proposed by Kalki
- 2018
I do not accept any absolute formulas for living. No preconceived code can see ahead to everything that can happen in a man's life. As we live, we grow and our beliefs change. They must change. So I think we should live with this constant discovery. We should be open to this adventure in heightened awareness of living. We should stake our whole existence on our willingness to explore and experience. |
~ Martin Buber ~ |
- proposed by Kalki
- 2019
There is never vulgarity in a whole truth, however commonplace. It may be unimportant or painful. It cannot be vulgar. Vulgarity is only in concealment of truth, or in affectation. |
~ John Ruskin ~ |
- proposed by InvisibleSun
- 2020
Some would deny any legitimate use of the word God because it has been misused so much. Certainly it is the most burdened of all human words. Precisely for that reason it is the most imperishable and unavoidable. And how much weight has all erroneous talk about God's nature and works (although there never has been nor can be any such talk that is not erroneous) compared with the one truth that all men who have addressed God really meant him? For whoever pronounces the word God and really means Thou, addresses, no matter what his delusion, the true Thou of his life that cannot be restricted by any other and to whom he stands in a relationship that includes all others. |
~ Martin Buber ~ |
- proposed by Kalki
- 2021
The world is not divine sport, it is divine destiny. There is divine meaning in the life of the world, of man, of human persons, of you and of me. Creation happens to us, burns itself into us, recasts us in burning — we tremble and are faint, we submit. We take part in creation, meet the Creator, reach out to Him, helpers and companions. |
~ Martin Buber ~ |
- proposed by Kalki
- 2022
It is the glistening and softly spoken lie; the amiable fallacy; the patriotic lie of the historian, the provident lie of the politician, the zealous lie of the partisan, the merciful lie of the friend, and the careless lie of each man to himself, that cast that black mystery over humanity, through which we thank any man who pierces, as we would thank one who dug a well in a desert. |
~ John Ruskin ~ |
- proposed by InvisibleSun
- 2023
Your honesty is not to be based either on religion or policy. Both your religion and policy must be based on it. Your honesty must be based, as the sun is, in vacant heaven; poised, as the lights in the firmament, which have rule over the day and over the night. |
~ John Ruskin ~ |
- proposed by InvisibleSun
- 2024
To make your children capable of honesty is the beginning of education. |
~ John Ruskin ~ |
- proposed by Kalki
The Quote of the Day (QOTD) is a prominent feature of the Wikiquote Main Page. Thank you for submitting, reviewing, and ranking suggestions!
- Ranking system
- 4 : Excellent – should definitely be used. (This is the utmost ranking and should be used by any editor for only one quote at a time for each date.)
- 3 : Very Good – strong desire to see it used.
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- An averaging of the rankings provided to each suggestion produces it's general ranking in considerations for selection of Quote of the Day. The selections made are usually chosen from the top ranked options existing on the page, but the provision of highly ranked late additions, especially in regard to special events (most commonly in regard to the deaths of famous people, or other major social or physical occurrences), always remain an option for final selections.
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[edit]All political lives, unless they are cut off in midstream at a happy juncture, end in failure, because that is the nature of politics and of human affairs. ~ Enoch Powell, died 8 February 1998.
- 4. Fys. "Ta fys aym". 23:44, 5 February 2007 (UTC)
- 2 Kalki 23:44, 7 February 2007 (UTC)
- 2 InvisibleSun 01:12, 7 February 2008 (UTC)
- 2 Zarbon 22:02, 22 April 2008 (UTC)
The good Samaritan had compassion. If two good Samaritans had compassion, that would still be individual compassion, not collective compassion. If the good Samaritan had been obliged by decree of the Roman Emperor to assist the traveller, that would not be compassion at all, because it would be done under obligation. ~ Enoch Powell.
- 2. Fys. "Ta fys aym". 23:44, 5 February 2007 (UTC)
- 2 Kalki 23:44, 7 February 2007 (UTC)
- 3 InvisibleSun 01:12, 7 February 2008 (UTC)
- 1 Zarbon 22:02, 22 April 2008 (UTC)
Remember that the most beautiful things in the world are the most useless: peacocks and lilies, for instance. ~ John Ruskin, born 8 February 1819.
- 3. Fys. "Ta fys aym". 23:44, 5 February 2007 (UTC)
- 2 Kalki (talk · contributions) 21:07, 2 February 2010 (UTC)
* 3 Kalki 23:44, 7 February 2007 (UTC) - 3 InvisibleSun 01:12, 7 February 2008 (UTC)
- 3 Zarbon 22:02, 22 April 2008 (UTC)
When we are interested in the beauty of a thing, the oftener we can see it the better; but when we are interested only by the story of a thing, we get tired of hearing the same tale told over and over again, and stopping always at the same point — we want a new story presently, a newer and better one — and the picture of the day, and novel of the day, become as ephemeral as the coiffure or the bonnet of the day. Now this spirit is wholly adverse to the existence of any lovely art. If you mean to throw it aside to-morrow, you can never have it to-day. ~ John Ruskin
- 3 InvisibleSun 01:12, 7 February 2008 (UTC)
- 1 Zarbon 22:02, 22 April 2008 (UTC)
- 3 Kalki 22:12, 7 February 2009 (UTC)
Every other sin hath some pleasure annexed to it, or will admit of an excuse; envy alone wants both. Other sins last but for awhile; the gut may be satisfied, anger remits, hatred hath an end, envy never ceaseth. ~ Robert Burton (born February 8, 1577)
- 3 InvisibleSun 10:40, 7 February 2008 (UTC)
- 2 Zarbon 22:02, 22 April 2008 (UTC)
- 2 Kalki 22:12, 7 February 2009 (UTC) with lean toward 3.
Compound for sins they are inclined to,
By damning those they have no mind to. ~ Samuel Butler
The prophet is appointed to oppose the king, and even more: history. |
~ Martin Buber ~ |
Persons appear by entering into relation to other persons. |
~ Martin Buber ~ |
Through the Thou a person becomes I. |
~ Martin Buber ~ |
Whoever abhors the name and fancies that he is godless — when he addresses with his whole devoted being the Thou of his life that cannot be restricted by any other, he addresses God. |
~ Martin Buber ~ |
All names of God remain hallowed because they have been used not only to speak of God but also to speak to him. |
~ Martin Buber ~ |
An animal's eyes have the power to speak a great language. |
~ Martin Buber ~ |
All actual life is encounter. |
~ Martin Buber ~ |
- 3 ♞☤☮♌Kalki ⚚⚓⊙☳☶⚡ 14:41, 5 February 2015 (UTC) slightly prefer this to the alternate translation: "All real life is meeting."
The basic word I-Thou can be spoken only with one's whole being. The concentration and fusion into a whole being can never be accomplished by me, can never be accomplished without me. I require a Thou to become; becoming I, I say Thou. |
~ Martin Buber ~ |
The Thou encounters me by grace — it cannot be found by seeking. But that I speak the basic word to it is a deed of my whole being, is my essential deed. |
~ Martin Buber ~ |
Great nations write their autobiographies in three manuscripts—the book of their deeds, the book of their words, and the book of their art. Not one of these books can be understood unless we read the two others; but of the three, the only quite trustworthy one is the last. |
~ John Ruskin ~ |


text:
Daily Disciples - Apr. 19, 2010
April 19
Today's Reading: 2 Samuel 6; Luke 15
Today's Thoughts: Standing Firm
Be on your guard; stand firm in the faith; be men of courage; be strong. 1 Corinthians 16:13
A couple of months ago, I shared my faith with my neighbor. The conversation went well (from my point of view). The next thing I knew she hosted a luncheon and invited all the neighbors but me. After hearing about the event I felt sad and discouraged. I thought about what I had said to her and wondered if I had offended her. As I prayed, the Lord spoke to my heart and reminded me that persecution comes in various forms. I am responsible to speak as the Lord leads me; but I cannot always expect the outcome to be as positive as I would like. The Lord softened my heart to pray for her and to ask for another chance to speak to her again, not in anger for being left out of the party, but in simple love for her.
It is not always easy to be strong in the Lord and to stand firm and not give up. Are you standing firm? We have to learn to praise God and share Him and talk about Him, especially when times are calm. Today we have the Holy Spirit and we have free speech. If we cannot stand firm for Him now when times are easy, how will we handle persecution leading to death when times become tough? God will protect you in His way with His results. Nothing can separate you from the love of God. Do not allow your pain, pressures, problems or even persecution to separate you from pleasing Him.
Our mission is to evangelize the lost and awaken the saved to live empowered lives by the Work of God and His Holy Spirit. Daily Disciples Ministries makes a difference for the kingdom of God by teaching and training believers how to be in God's Word, how to pray and how to walk with Jesus every day, as His daily disciple.
Daily Disciples Ministries, Inc.


text:
Squeaky Water Damage Restoration Tecoma provides 24 hours flood damage carpet cleanup, carpet restretching, damaged carpets repairs, and wet carpet drying. Also, we have expertise in Water, Fire and Flood Damage Carpet Restoration in Tecoma.
Call us 0482077521 to get obligations FREE quote now !!!
24/7 Emergency Water Damage Restoration Service in Tecoma
In case of a flood emergency never wait too long. Leaving flooded carpets wet leads to the growth of fungi, bacteria and mould. Therefore, we provide 24×7 emergency water damage restoration services all across Tecoma. We reach to your place within an hour of your call. Our carpet restoration specialists extract the flooded water from your carpets immediately after reaching the site to save your carpet from complete damage.
At Squeaky Clean Carpet Tecoma we offer professional carpet cleaning and carpet restoration services that are backed by our licensed and certified cleaners.
When it comes to Carpet Flood Water Damage Restoration Tecoma it takes us a short notice to do flooded carpets clean up. We are expert commercial carpet cleaners with experience in carpet water extraction. As domestic carpet cleaners, experience has taught us that carpet water damage is usually caused by burst water pipes, weather-induced floods, and overflowing toilets. In all of these cases, there is a probability of your carpet is fully damaged. Even if you are unable to see the damage with a naked eye, a lot is happening inside the carpet fabric. To save your carpet and to save yourself from unnecessary health problems, it is best to get your water damaged carpet cleaned in time.
Squeaky Clean Carpet offers 24/7 flood water damage carpet restoration services in Tecoma. We are available on weekends and public holidays too because we know tragedies don't come knocking!
When our professional cleaners come to your site, they will, first of all, do an elaborate analysis around and within your building to establish the scope of your flooded carpet clean up. The assessment enables us to ascertain the best method to use at your site for flooded carpet flood recovery. Our expert service in carpet flood water restoration Tecoma involves keen fabric identification before pre vacuuming procedure followed by pretreatment of all stains. We disinfect the damaged carpet and then work on removing germs and bacteria. Thereafter, agitation is done for purposes of loosening all dust particles prior to the hot water extraction process. Lastly, our certified cleaners will see to it that the carpet is dry before eventually sanitizing it.
Before beginning, we remove all moveable items from the damaged carpet. Also, we thoroughly clean the subfloor to eliminate any instances of mould build up.
Moulds are really annoying things, they not only ruin the presence of a carpet but they also cause health issues. Mould infestation happens because of moisture, to treat the mould infestation one need to follow the counter remedies and water extraction measures to overthrow the mould infestation. At Squeaky Clean Carpet we have developed some unique ways to treat the mould infestation which has provided good results. Our technicians use a dual approach to treat the infestation, first we target the moulds than we remove the moulds by giving the carpet a thorough cleaning session. We are the best company for water damage restoration Tecoma, for booking dial our number and book the service.
When the water overflows from the sewage it makes the real mess, besides the mess it contaminates everything which comes in the way. Our carpet is one of the things which are susceptible to sewage water. It soaks the carpet and moistens the fabric, which leads to the destruction of the carpet. At Squeaky Clean Carpet we have designed new and innovative ways for sewage water damage restoration Tecoma, our team of technicians is highly informed and skilled. They complete the work with full potential and provide good results. To book the services call us on our numbers.
Any water damaged carpet needs urgent restoration service to avert damage. And this can only be done by professionals. We at Squeaky Clean have a professional team to give your water damaged carpets a new and fresher look. It is important to know that time is of crucial importance in the case of water damage. So at the onset of flood water damage, you should immediately get in touch with carpet restoration professionals.
A flood damage carpet, first of all, needs to be disinfected before it gets dry. Otherwise, bacteria will end up being harboured that could lead to serious health issues in your family. Also, once the carpet gets free of moisture it is important to steam-clean the carpet for complete contaminant removal. We follow a step-by-step procedure for carpet flood water damage restoration to ensure your precious carpets get rid of germs, bacteria, contaminants, and moisture content. Our specialized team for carpet restoration is equipped with special means to achieve the desired results and rejuvenate your carpets in the finest possible way.
We carry out carpet flood water restoration cleaning services for all types of domestic as well as commercial clients in Tecoma. We are known for providing excellent services to our clients. We are available 24/7 to provide service in an emergency scenario as well. Our carpet flood water damage restoration services come at an affordable price with 100% guaranteed customer satisfaction.
We have the most dedicated professional team providing expert service to all clients in Tecoma. All our staff members stay in Tecoma and are available 24×7 in cases of emergency.
Location: Tecoma, VIC Australia


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Enrolled Families
Getting Ready for Camp
Taking your daughter across town to spend the night with a friend can be tough. We want to make taking your daughter across the country to spend the night at camp easy.
There are a lot of things to pack, and a lot of instructions to be given, and we want to help with that.
The Camper Packet
In April you will receive a Camper Packet. This will include a lot of information including your:
- Health Form
- Activity Selection Sheet
- Information about Arrival and Departure
- Packing List
- How to Ship Baggage
- Camp Clothing
- Where to Stay in Town
- Etc.
It is important that you read this carefully, but you do not need to worry about any of these things until then. If you read your packet, and use the "going to camp checklist" at the end you will be all set.
Preparing My Camper
It is not unusual for first year girls to become more apprehensive as camp draws closer. It is not even a bad thing. When they are nervous before they arrive, persevere, and find out girls camp is even more fun than they hoped, they are rewarded for taking risks. This is the foundation of a healthy sense of adventure.
There are a few things to do if you see this happening:
- Tell them how confident you are that they will do well at camp.
- Let them know that you are excited too.
- Talk about how many new friends they will make.
- There is nowhere easier to make friends than at camp.
- Avoid "The Bargain." The Bargain is a promise to come get them if they are homesick. It makes things easier on the front end, but usually ends poorly.
- Give us a call. We'll be sure the counselors know your concerns so they can keep a special eye on your daughter.
Preparing Myself
It is common for girls to be apprehensive before camp starts. It's universal for parents.
- Remind yourself why you want them to come.
- Remind yourself how important having great friends was when you grew up.
- Remind yourself of the importance of a healthy sense of independence.
- Watch the video again.
- Call us. We sent our children to camp also and understand your concerns.
- Log into your online account and be sure you are ready to view pictures and read articles before they arrive.


text:
Box One: By Neil Patrick Harris
Box One: By Neil Patrick Harris
Box One is an ever-evolving game of trivia, codes, puzzles, and discovery - only from the mind of Neil Patrick Harris.
There's tons of great party games — but unlike the rest, Box ONE is designed to challenge just ONE person: YOU! And you alone.
Prepare to set out on an exciting adventure like no other as you discover, decode, and unlock the secrets of Box ONE.
Look closely, though, as with all things - there's more than meets the eye...
Box One is the perfect gift for anyone into puzzles, codes, and escape rooms. The game represents years of thought and careful planning by Neil Patrick Harris. Everything you need to decode each challenge is inside the box. Can you decode it? Can you solve it? The clock is ticking...
Please note that an internet connected device is required to complete this game.
Ages 14+ | Players 1 | Playtime 180-240 min
Before you hit that 'Pre-order' button, take a moment to familiarise yourself with our pre-order policy terms and conditions.
Here's the lowdown:
- Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA): ETAs can be found on each product's description page. However, delays may occur due to publisher/creator delays or shipping issues from our suppliers. Rest assured, we'll keep you in the loop with updates.
- Mixed Orders: If you've ordered both pre-order and in-stock items, we will hold the entire order until everything is available. Should you wish to receive your in-stock items sooner, we can offer split shipping which would be for an additional fee. This is most likely our $10 flat fee but we will confirm this with you at the time of your request.
- Cancellations: If you find you need to cancel, you can do so without a fee within 14 days of the product's release date. Just give us a shout as soon as you can. Pre-order cancellations will not be accepted less than 14 days from product release.
- High-Demand TCG Products: The popularity of some items means we receive allocation information about six weeks before release. Should pre-orders exceed our allocation, we'll prioritise based on pre-order date - first in, first served. Any affected customers will be notified and offered a store credit or full refund.
- Allocation and Release Updates: If there are any changes to our allocation, release dates or shipping updates that impact your pre-order, every effort will be made to keep you updated.
As always, if you have any questions or need a helping hand, reach out to us through your preferred contact method. Thank you for choosing The Collectivist!
At The Collectivist, we understand the excitement of getting your hands on new games and cards, and we want to get them to you as soon as possible. We've put together this shipping policy to help you understand the process and estimated delivery times.
- Orders placed before 12 PM AEST will be processed and shipped out the same day.
- Orders placed after 12 PM AEST will be processed the following day.
- Orders placed on weekends and holidays will be processed the next business day.
- Please note that processing times may be delayed, as we are brand new and may also vary during high-volume periods such as holidays.
Domestic orders: 3-5 business days
International orders: 7-10 business days
Please note that these are estimated delivery times and may vary depending on your location, shipping method and the carrier. A lot out of our control but we will try out best to get your order to you as quick as we can.
- Standard Post (includes tracking) - flat rate of $10.00.
- Express Post - shipping costs will be calculated at checkout based on the weight of your order and shipping destination.
- Shipping costs will be calculated at checkout based on the weight of your order and shipping destination.
- Once your order has been shipped, you will receive a shipping confirmation email with a tracking number.
- You can track your order through the carrier's website. These details will be provided to you.
- If you have not received your order within the estimated delivery time, please contact us and we will investigate the issue.
- If an order is returned to us as undeliverable, we will contact you to arrange a redelivery. Additional shipping fees may apply.
- International orders may be subject to customs and import taxes.
- The Collectivist is not responsible for any customs and import taxes that may apply.
- Please check with your country's customs office to determine what these additional costs will be prior to placing your order.
As always, if you have any questions or need assistance, please contact us for more information. Thanks for choosing The Collectivist!
At The Collectivist, we want you to be completely satisfied with your purchase. However, if for any reason you're not, we offer a 30-day return policy for eligible items. Please read this policy in conjunction with our Terms of Service.
To be eligible for a return, your item must be unused and in the same condition you received it. It must also be in the original packaging and re-sellable. Unfortunately, certain items are not eligible for return, including TCG sealed products, singles, and gift cards. We require a receipt or proof of purchase to complete your return.
We do not offer refunds or exchanges for change of mind. However, we will offer a refund or exchange if an item has a major problem, such as:
- A problem that would have stopped someone from buying the item if they had known about it
- Being unsafe
- Being significantly different from the sample or description
- Not doing what we said it would, or what you asked for and can't be easily fixed.
Please do not send your purchase back to the manufacturer. Once your return is received and inspected, we will notify you of the approval or rejection of your refund via email.
If you are approved, your refund will be processed, and a credit will automatically be applied to your original method of payment within a certain amount of days. You will be responsible for paying for your own shipping costs for returning your item.
Shipping costs are non-refundable. If you receive a refund, the cost of return shipping will be deducted from your refund. Depending on where you live, the time it may take for your exchanged product to reach you may vary.You should consider using a trackable shipping service or purchasing shipping insurance.
Looking to give the gift of choice? Our gift vouchers are the bee's knees, perfect for every collector out there.
Here's the fine print.
Purchase and Redemption:
Our gift vouchers come in a variety of values, easy to purchase and even easier to redeem. They're digital, fast, simple, and no trees harmed in the process.
Once purchased, you'll get an email with all the details.
Your gift voucher will last for a full 3 years from the date of supply. That's the law, and we're all for it!
No Additional Fees:
Our gift vouchers have no hidden fees or post-supply charges once you've made your purchase.
Gift vouchers are non-refundable and can't be exchanged for cash.
Lost Vouchers:
If your gift voucher vanishes into the shadow realm, get in touch. We'll do our best to see how we can help and track it down, but we can't promise miracles.
Got any questions or need a little guidance?
You know the drill—reach out to us anytime. Thanks again for choosing The Collectivist!


text:
Men's Victorious Maroon Tee
Our must-have tee! The perfect combination of sport & street. Built for everyday champions like you! You'll look and feel amazing in this premium tee designed for all-day comfort, durability, and versatility.
Guaranteed by our Always True customer brand promise of integrity and excellence.
- Ultra-soft blend of 60% combed ringspun cotton & 40% polyester
- Crewneck style
- Athletic retail fit
- Slightly heathered
- Custom-designed and made to order in the USA
- Features our signature True Victory logo on front chest and small logo on back neck