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Wikivoyage:External links
This page in a nutshell: External links should be used only when linking to the primary URL of a city, business, or attraction. Do not include links to secondary sources such as blogs, map services or other travel guides. |
External links are links to websites other than Wikivoyage. In general the Wikivoyage policy is that external links should be kept to a bare minimum, and only links to primary sources should be used. There should be no external links section in any article.
What to link to
External links should point to primary sources. For example:
- The official tourist office or government website for a destination
- The official website for a hotel
- The official website for a restaurant or bar
- The official website for a museum, park, or other attractions
- The official websites of cultural and educational organizations offering programs of interest to travelers, such as foreign language instruction or cooking classes.
Using only primary sources makes our guide more succinct: while there is usually one, or sometimes two, primary sources for any subject, there can be hundreds or thousands of secondary sources. We also avoid subjectivity and conflict. It's difficult to decide collaboratively which of the thousands of English-language newspapers, magazines, and websites has done the very best travel article about New York City, but it's quite easy for everyone to agree that https://www.nyctourism.com/ is the official city visitor's guide. If the destination has both an official visitor's guide and a general government site, include only the visitor guide.
What not to link to
Avoid linking to secondary sources. For example, avoid links to:
- Hotel or travel booking services or aggregators
- Nightlife guides
- Restaurant guides
- Blogs, forums and social networking sites (Facebook, etc), with the exception of when a business has no other official web presence
- Lists of links, service directories (including Wi-Fi directories)
- Price comparison websites
- Map services
- Newspaper and magazine articles
- Personal image galleries and photo/video sharing websites (Flickr, Webshots, YouTube, etc)
- Personal travelogues
- Search engine results (e.g., http://www.google.com/search?q=Montreal)
- Encyclopedia articles, except for templated links in the "Wikipedia" field of listings and sidebar links generated using Wikidata – a special case. See Wikivoyage:Links to Wikipedia.
- Other travel guides, including audio guides, audio tours, virtual tours and webcams
- Vacation rental agencies that do not meet Wikivoyage's rental listing criteria
- Real estate agents or agencies. Wikivoyage is not a relocation service, and therefore focuses on temporary accommodations.
- Tour operators that do not meet Wikivoyage's tour listing criteria
- Rental car operators in cities where they are common (10 or more operating in the city). Typically we don't provide details of national car rental chains in local guides. Providing details at the national level, and mentioning the name and location at local level is sufficient, if required.
We should avoid links to other travel guides, to ensure we have travel information in Wikivoyage, not linked from Wikivoyage. This is an incentive issue; if we have lots of links to other travel guides, we lose the impetus to create our own. In addition, one of our goals is to produce a guide useful for printing or offline use, and therefore we need information to be within the article rather than linked to at another site. See also the "Avoid references to third-party ratings and rankings unless they are truly exceptional" rule in Wikivoyage:Don't tout.
We also do not provide links to source information or provide references—travel guides do not use footnotes! If a source looks like it could be of use to subsequent editors of a guide, or if some information you add appears suspect, mention it (or link to it) on the talk page – not in the article itself.
An important exception to this is that we provide links to governmental sites in travel warnings.
External link format
There are three possible formats for "external" links. For the sake of consistency, we only use the first:
- Front-linked example. To create such a link, use the syntax
[http://www.example.com Front-linked example]
(with caption)
Note that http://
or https://
must be included in the link. The software won't recognize a link if the prefix is missing.
Don't use these:
- Footnote style, [1]. This would be created by
. - Unpacked http://www.example.com/. This would be created by
The predefined listing tags (see, do, eat, drink, buy, sleep) use the {{listing}} template, which frontlinks the listing name in the standard format if a target is specified in the url field.
External link usage
There are three possible uses for external links:
- Links in listings: Please include primary source links for listing establishments (e.g., museum website, restaurant website, hotel website, etc.).
- In-article text links: Links within the article text should be kept to a minimum and should point only to primary sources. Examples of valid links might include airline companies, bus companies, and sites offering daily updates and warnings about a destination's condition.
- Official destination links: If an official website exists for the destination, it should be linked to only once, towards the end of the Understand section. If a destination maintains separate websites for tourism and for civic administration purposes, both may be linked in the Understand section and should be identified clearly. (This policy was changed in 2020. Websites should no longer be linked in the lead paragraph, but since this affects almost every article it will take some time to implement this change.)
- For example:
- Visitor information
- Marketing Edinburgh Official Guide
- City of Edinburgh Council
- Visit Scotland Edinburgh page
- Edinburgh iCentre, 249 High Street. Walk-in information office with leaflets and making booking for travel, etc.
- Only primary links should be used; a website that is not maintained by the destination would not be appropriate. For example, in the Disneyland article, a link to https://disneyland.disney.go.com and only to that website is appropriate.
Further guidelines
Don't mislead
What the reader expects to be at the end of a link, should be at the end of the link. A link to a service provider web page, where permitted by policy, should always be preceded by or labeled with the name of the service provider.
Use short readable links
Remember that for print versions of Wikivoyage, links will be presented in all their URLish ugliness. Readers of the print versions will have to type in by hand the URL that you add. For this reason, try to use the shortest URL possible for links, even if it means a little more work on the part of the reader when they click through a link. Where possible, try to trim out "housekeeping" stuff from the URL. You can almost always leave off index.html
, index.htm
, index.asp
or index.php
from a link, for example.
If http://www.example.com/ redirects automatically to a home page like http://www.example.com/home/index.asp?id=384&lang=en, use the shorter version, even though it's really going to the long version. Similarly, if http://www.example.net/ has a "splash screen" which eventually takes you to http://www.example.net/index2.htm or something, leave the top-level link in, even though the "real information" is located elsewhere.
Tip: For many hotel chains, location.chain.com
works as a quick and easy redirect. For example, Le Meridien Kuala Lumpur can be found at http://kualalumpur.lemeridien.com/ as well as http://www.starwoodhotels.com/lemeridien/property/overview/index.html?propertyID=1840&EM=VTY_MD_kualalumpur_1840_overview, and the short version will not break when the chain changes its reservation system (which seems to happen every few months).
Of course, if the page you're linking to isn't at the "root" of the site, it makes sense to leave the path part of the URL in. Don't change http://examples.org/scottish-country-dance/
to http://examples.org/
, since that top-level page probably doesn't have the same dance information.
Don't use links to redirection services, such as tinyurl, just to make the links shorter.
This version of Wikivoyage is for English-language speakers, so links should go to English versions of sites when possible. However, official primary links should always be added, even if they're not in English: some travellers can read the local language or decipher it with online translation; other travellers will still find pictures, maps, schedules, or prices handy, and they may be updated to include English in the future.
Many sites have the information in several languages, e.g., the local language and English. They handle this in different ways:
- Some use the browser's language preference in which case you just use a link to the main page. This has the advantage that if a non-English speaker uses the English Wikivoyage and follows a link to a page also available in his/her language, the right version will be displayed. You will have to set your browser's language preference to English to test if there is an English version or you can enter the URL in a proxy such as Proxify. You can check the language preference of your browser also.
- Some sites have an English version with a good permanent URL, such as: http://travel.example.com/english. Use that URL.
- Some sites have a main page in a non-English language with a cryptic link to an English page, such as http://travel.example.com/fff?349sdshd.asp. This might not be a permanent link, so it is better to use the URL of the main page and let Wikivoyage users find the current link to the English version.
Unpack links
A link is not a substitute for actual information. Our goals include creating pages useful as printed guides. So, we need to include information that's at the other end of a link, even if it may seem redundant for on-line use.
For example, in a restaurant listing, get the address, phone number, hours, and prices for the restaurant, even if it's right there on an external web page. Someone using a printed guide won't have access to whatever's on that page.
Print version
When Wikivoyage articles are printed the Wikivoyage stylesheets are set up so that the full URL of a link will appear in text enclosed in parentheses immediately after the link text. For example, an attraction listing would print as:
- Asian Civilisations Museum (http://www.nhb.gov.sg/ACM), 1 Empress Pl, ☎ +65 6332 7798.
Special cases
Travel advisories
A {{warningbox}} or {{cautionbox}} may link to governmental travel advisories or breaking news reports of conflict or natural disaster. See the documentation for Template:Warningbox
Weather forecasts
A link to an official weather forecast for the destination is often placed in the text field of {{Climate}}. The {{ForecastNOAA}} template will link to the NOAA forecast if the destination is in the United States.
Wikipedia and Wikimedia
We have a special format that features links to Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons in a special part of the page - see Links to Wikipedia.
Wikidata provides a means to link a Wikivoyage page to a page on the same topic in another Wikivoyage language or in another Wikimedia project (such as Wikipedia); see Wikivoyage:Cooperating with Wikidata and d:Wikidata:Wikivoyage/Resources.
The {{listing}} template supports links to a venue's official site, to a Wikidata entry and to an encyclopaedia article; see the template's documentation for details.
See also
- Tour listings – guidelines on when it is appropriate to list a tour company on Wikivoyage
- Rental listings – guidelines on when it is appropriate to list a rental agency on Wikivoyage
- Inter-language links
- Internal links
- Links to Wikipedia


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Mexico telecoms bill will put pressure on Slim, Televisa
Mexico's government presented on Monday a major reform bill that aims to loosen billionaire Carlos Slim's hold on the telecommunications market and curb top broadcaster Televisa's rule of the airwaves.
The long-awaited reform could shake up Mexico's stagnant telecom market by allowing increased foreign ownership of media and phone companies in Mexico and give regulators the power to force incumbent players to sell assets.
"We must encourage competition," said President Enrique Pena Nieto at an event presenting the plan. "As a result of this reform, companies will be able to grow, but they will have to do so through innovation and investment, by improving their tariffs and raising the quality of their service."
Pena Nieto's administration, which took office in December, negotiated the bill with a small group of representatives from the top two opposition parties, which forged a political accord with the president in December called the Pact for Mexico.
The bill may face a tough road in Congress, where no party holds a majority.
Mexico's telecommunications market is dominated by Slim, the world's richest man. He controls 70 percent of Mexico's mobile market and 80 percent of its fixed phone lines.
Televisa , controlled by tycoon Emilio Azcarraga, has about 60 percent of the broadcast market.
The reform aims to declare any company with a 50 percent or greater market share dominant, deputy communications minister Jose Ignacio Peralta told Reuters.
A dominant player may be subject to sanctions including possible forced asset disposals, according to the bill.
The reform also will increase competition in the television market, by auctioning rights to run two new television channels, a process that will not be open to the two most powerful broadcasters Televisa and TV Azteca.
The bill aims to introduce a new telecoms regulator, the Federal Institute of Telecommunications (IFT) and specialized courts for settling competition disputes.
Mexico's peso strengthened to its highest point in 18 months early on Monday with traders saying the currency had benefited from optimism on the country's reform drive.
The country's benchmark IPC stock index slipped 0.65 percent, dragged down by America Movil and Televisa, which fell 2.94 percent and 0.92 percent respectively.
A spokesman for Slim declined to comment on the reform before it was presented. Televisa said in a statement that it welcomed the proposal.
Opposition lawmakers have expressed concerns that the final draft may not be as radical as long-time advocates of reform have been demanding.
Hector Garcia, a congressman in Pena Nieto's Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), said he expected the bill to pass the lower house of Congress by the end of next week and be approved in the Senate by the time the current session ends on April 30.
"We're certain it'll be voted on in the Senate this period," he said. "The Pact for Mexico stipulates this timeframe."
While the outline of the bill presented on Monday prompted investors to dump shares in the large incumbents, America Movil and Televisa, smaller companies benefited from the announcement.
Shares of Mexican phone companies Maxcom and Axtel , which has waded deep into debt to compete with Slim's fixed line giant Telmex, gained more than 6 percent respectively on Monday. Shares in cable company Megacable rose 2 percent while TV Azteca shares also climbed 0.22 percent.
"It's obvious the reform will benefit the companies with the least market share," said Jorge Nevid, head of trading at brokerage Accival in Mexico City.
The government has yet to publish all details of the reform, but it is clear increased competition will affect the largest player, Nevid added. He noted nervous investors were selling America Movil shares in the morning before the announcement.
Purely in terms of revenue, America Movil could be much harder hit by the reform than Televisa.
Slim's companies had 67 percent of the 414 billion pesos ($32.99 billion) in total revenue from Mexican phone and television companies in 2012, while Televisa's cable companies had just 8.5 percent, according to data from market research group The Competitive Intelligence Unit.
($1 = 12.5475 Mexican pesos)
(Reporting by Michael O'Boyle and Dave Graham; Additional reporting by Elinor Comlay, Alexandra Alper, Lizbeth Diaz and Noe Torres; Editing by Lisa Von Ahn, Andrew Hay, Tim Dobbyn and Steve Orlofsky)

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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Wise Music is an international family of wholly-owned companies with interests in four main areas of music publishing.
With headquarters in the United Kingdom our international office network spans the United States, France, Germany, Spain, Italy, Iceland, Denmark, Japan, Australia and Southeast Asia.
Wise Music owns over sixty international publishing houses and more than thirty distinguished imprints, many of them iconic names in their field.


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Will Hungary Be Next to Exit the EU?
By F. William engdahl
17 Aug 2016
Will Hungary be the next nation to exit the dysfunctional European Union? The question isn't at all as far-fetched as it might seem. On October 2, voters in Hungary will participate in a nationwide referendum to vote whether they agree to the forced settlement of migrants in Hungary by the EU or not. It's a major issue in Hungary, a land of proud and staunchly independent-minded people who have endured 150 years of Ottoman rule; wars with Habsburg Austria until the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 created a peaceful coexistence under the dual Monarchy of Austria–Hungary. After that, Hungarians were subject to the Soviet Union since 1945, initially under the dreaded Mátyás Rákosi, until it became the first Warsaw Pact communist country to declare a constitutional republic in October, 1989 and open its borders to Austria, setting in motion the domino fall of East Germany and then of the entire Warsaw Pact and, ultimately, the Soviet Union. Like every nation, they have a very special history
It might well be said that Hungarians, always an ethnic melting-pot population whose parliament enacted the first laws of ethnic and minority rights in the world in 1849, are not a passive people when they sense something is wrong in the way they are being treated. So it is today regarding the Brussels proposal that Hungary and other EU member states must accept a Brussels-determined number of political war refugees from the Middle East and pay for all their costs whether they want them or not. Countries that refuse to take their quota would face severe financial penalties. In 2015 some 400,000 refugees arrived in Hungary in 2015 before a four-meter high razor wire fence was erected on the border with Serbia.
About half, or 200,000, attempted to gain asylum in Hungary, and after government procedures, only 264 refugees were granted political asylum. Since the erection of the fence the inflow via the so-called Balkan Route has all but stopped. The Austrian government has also decided to cooperate with the Orban government in jointly patrolling their common border.
Hungary is joined in opposing the Brussels mandatory refugee quota proposal by the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Poland–the so-called Visegrad Four group. So far only Hungary has decided on a national referendum on the issue. Polls show well over 66% opposed to the mandatory quotas, including Orban, who has urged a No vote.
Hungary's outspoken Prime Minister, Viktor Orban, the only prime minister since 1989 to serve a full term and be re-elected, is very popular among Hungarians for speaking his mind against what he feels are wrong policies coming out of Brussels. Many Hungarians see him as a modern David pitted against the far larger Goliath, the faceless, unelected EU Commission.
On October 2 Hungarians will vote on a single question in a special national referendum: "Do you want the European Union to prescribe the mandatory settlement of non-Hungarian citizens in Hungary even without the consent of Parliament?"
Orban: 'terror risk…'
On the war refugee issue Orban minces no words: "Hungary does not need a single migrant for the economy to work, or the population to sustain itself, or for the country to have a future," he said in a recent interview. On the contrary, he stated, "Every single migrant poses a public security and terror risk. This is why there is no need for a common European migration policy." Whoever needs migrants can take them, but don't force them on us, we don't need them." As far as Hungary is concerned, he stated in an interview with RT, "migration is not a solution but a problem…We don't need it and won't swallow it." The Hungarian government insists that the right to decide refugee issues should be reserved exclusively for national governments.
Hungary and three other central European states that constitute the Visegrad Four group, which includes Czech Republic, Slovakia and Poland, have been opposing the mandatory quotas the EU wants to impose on each member state. Last December Hungary filed a lawsuit with the European Court of Justice to thwart the EU's attempt to redistribute incoming arrivals across the European Union. A decision could take years. The referendum is intended to give a broad popular mandate against Brussels' forced quota attempts.
First step to EU Exit?
Clear to all from Brussels to Berlin to Budapest is that Hungarians will vote an overwhelming No to refugee forced quotas. At that point the real question will be will Hungarians hold a second referendum, as the British did recently, to vote on leaving the EU or not when it becomes clear that Brussels will ignore the Hungarian vote with their usual deafening silence. The idea of a Hungarian EU exit is not unthinkable at all at this point now that Britain has become "first out the door," establishing the precedent exit is possible.
The Orban government to date has moved with a certain directed caution to test the limits of EU rules. Far from a "right-wing tyrant" as Brussels bureaucrats and politically-correct mainstream EU media have portrayed him, the Oxford-educated Orban is a highly-sophisticated, apparently not corrupt (a real novelty in today's politics if true) genuine democrat who always turns to his voters on key policy decisions to be sure he has them with him, something anathema to the unelected Brussels oligarchy.
Viktor Orban's views on the current refugee crisis, which media deliberately misnames the far more benign-sounding mass migration situation of the EU, he outlined in detail in his February 28 annual State of the Union address to the nation, midway into his third term as (elected) Prime Minister.
Referring to the country's recent experience extricating itself from the destructive decades of communist rule, now as an EU member state since 2004, Orban notes, "we are concerned as to how we should protect our national interests within the European Union." This sounds reasonable enough unless one realizes that the aim of the EU as an institution is precisely the opposite–to ultimately destroy any and all national interests in favor of a top-down Brussels-centered autocracy of the unelected.
Real accomplishments
As so much about the true Hungary and Orban's actual accomplishments is either ignored or distorted by mainstream non-Hungarian media, it's first useful to note some of what Viktor Orban has accomplished in the first term from 1998-2002 when his Fidesz Party won in a coalition with the Hungarian Democratic Forum (MDF) and the Independent Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Civic Party (FKGP) and in his sole majority government since 2010. After 8 years out of office, Orban's Fidesz Party won an overwhelming popular mandate of 53% of the vote and two-thirds of Parliament seats in 2010 and re-election in 2014 to the present.
As Orban notes in his February address to the nation, "within three years we had consolidated the budget, stabilized the economy, avoided bankruptcy, curbed inflation and reduced unemployment – the latter not marginally, but from 11.5% to 6.2%. We sent the IMF packing, repaid our loan ahead of schedule, and this year we shall also repay the last blessed penny of our debt to the European Union. All in all, in 2014 we rounded off this period of stabilization with economic growth of 3.7%, and opened a new chapter."
In addition, under Orban's term, the government managed "in five years to reduce personal income tax from 35% to 15%, and in five years we have left 1,300 billion forints in the pockets of families. We have reduced household utility bills by 25%, and in five years the minimum wage in Hungary has increased by 50%. We have achieved this together: the state and the market; the Government and the business sector; employers and employees; Hungarian micro-, small and medium-sized enterprises and the local subsidiaries of global conglomerates…Compared with 2010, we have allocated forty per cent more funding to health care. We have halved waiting lists. We have allocated more than five hundred billion – more than five hundred billion forints – to the development of our hospitals."
That is the background of Hungary's present economy under Orban's term and the background to understand why the population supports his call for a no to mandatory refugee quotas. Now his remarks on the refugee crisis are relevant.
'name of this danger is mass migration…'
Orban continues, "I would now like to explain why I have said all this. In summary, it is because all of this is now in danger. The financial stability we have worked so hard for is in danger…Our nationally-oriented foreign policy – which has been built with such painstaking attention to detail – is in danger. Restored public order and public security free of terrorist threats are in danger. And our national culture…is also in danger."
He gets precise: "The name of this danger is mass migration…The year 2015 brought to an end an age in which, believing that it was under Europe's control, we took the protection and safety of our continent for granted. One year ago, on this same occasion, we were already warning that a new age of mass migration had begun. We were mocked mercilessly, and insulted by friends, allies and rivals alike…The reality is that those coming here have no intention whatsoever of adopting our way of life, because they see their own as more valuable…And why, indeed, would they give it up? The reality is that they will not provide the supply of labor needed by the factories of Western Europe. Facts show that, across entire generations, the unemployment rate is much higher – sometimes several times higher –among those born outside Europe. The reality is that the European nations have been unable to integrate even the masses who arrived from Asia and Africa gradually, over a number of decades. How could they succeed in doing so now, so rapidly and for such large numbers?"
All those statements can be argued. But here is the core point on which Orban bases his strategy of Referendum, and the ultimate reason he will next be forced after October 2 to begin preparing a 'Huexit' from the EU for Hungary:
"…it is hardly the migrants whom we should be so angry with. The majority of them are also victims: victims of their countries' collapsing governments, victims of bad international decisions, victims of people smugglers. They are doing what they see as being in their own interests. The problem is that we Europeans are not doing that which would be in our own interests. There is no better word for what Brussels is doing than "absurd". It is like a ship's captain heading for collision who, instead of wanting to take avoiding action, is more interested in deciding which lifeboats should be non-smoking. It is as if, instead of repairing the leaking hull, we are arguing about how much water should flood into which cabins…"
Orban then continues:
"It is a big enough problem that Brussels is not capable of organizing the defense of Europe, but it is an even bigger problem that it lacks the intent to do so. In Budapest, Warsaw, Prague and Bratislava it is difficult for us to understand how we have reached a point at which it is even possible that those wanting to come here from other continents and other cultures can be let in without controls. It is difficult to understand the weakening of our civilization's natural and fundamental instinct for the defense of ourselves, our families, our homes and our land… This is Europe. Europe is Hellas, not Persia; it is Rome, not Carthage; it is Christianity, not a caliphate. When we say this we are not claiming that we are better, but that we are different. To point to the existence of an independent European civilization does not mean that it is better or worse; it only means that "we are like this, and you are like that."
This move by Hungary, its Prime Minister and its population is no superficial political ploy to bargain for a better deal from Brussels as David Cameron intended with his Brexit fiasco (seen from Cameron's view). It's a fundamental drawing of a line in the sand of the entire European Union between countries who believe in a dissolved national sovereignty in favor of a supranational Brussels-based United Europe, and those countries who fiercely intend in the wake of this refugee crisis and all its ramifications, to demand essential national sovereign rights.
Brussels, and clearly Merkel's Berlin, will oppose Hungary tooth-and-nail to defend their supranational concept. They will do that with the backing of George Soros and his European Council on Foreign Relations think tank. Not surprising, Viktor Orban has repeatedly openly opposed Hungarian-born billionaire speculator George Soros and his NGOs for trying to destabilize Hungary. Soros money also funded the document known as the Merkel Plan, which is the direct opposition to Orban's defense of national sovereignty over the admission of refugees.
At this point the unfortunate experiment known as the European Union is flying apart in every direction. Hungary may well be forced to rethink its EU identity after October 2 if not well before as events are going, and that will ineluctably feed the forces of dissolution in the EU, perhaps a not at all bad consequence.
F. William Engdahl is strategic risk consultant and lecturer, he holds a degree in politics from Princeton University and is a best-selling author on oil and geopolitics, exclusively for the online magazine "New Eastern Outlook"


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MONEY HAS BECOME a measure of how wealthy and how poor people are. It has become the measure of human wellbeing. To live on less than a dollar a day is the
definition of poverty. To increase incomes to more than a dollar a day is interpreted as an end to poverty. This equating of money with wealth and wealth with wellbeing is misplaced on multiple counts. Money does not reflect nature's wealth or people's wealth, and it definitely fails to
measure the wellbeing of society.
Both ecology and economics have emerged from the same root: oikos, the Greek word for 'household'. As long as economics was focused on the household, it recognised and respected its basis in natural resources, the limits of ecological renewal. It was focused on providing for basic human needs within these limits. Economics based on the household was women-centred.
In today's world, economics is separated from, and opposed to, both ecological processes and basic needs. While the destruction of nature has been justified on grounds of improving human welfare, for the majority of people poverty and dispossession have increased. While being non-sustainable it is also economically unjust. While being promoted as 'economic development', it is leading to under-development; while projecting growth, it is causing life-threatening destruction.
The resource demands of the current model of the economy are leading to oil wars, water wars and food wars. There are three levels of violence involved in non-sustainable development: violence against the Earth, which is expressed as the ecological crisis; violence against people, which is expressed as poverty, destitution and displacement; and violence of war and conflict, expressed as the powerful reach for resources that lie in other communities and countries.
There are also three levels of economy: nature's economy, people's sustenance economy, and the market economy. Nature's economy is the foundation of all economies because it supports all life on Earth. In nature's economy the currency is life and processes that maintain life. Money cannot measure nature's health and wellbeing. Money and life have a one-way relationship. Nature can be exploited, mined and raped for commerce to generate money. However, money cannot regenerate nature. The money economy and the global financial system are parasitic. They predate on the economies that support them – the economy of nature and the economy of people.
The people's sustenance economy is not measurable by money either. People can have more money but still experience poverty because food, clothing, shelter, health, energy, education are all more costly as a result of privatisation. More money can go hand in hand with increased material poverty, with people having less access to basic needs such as food and water. The fact that in spite of economies growing, billions of people are without access to these basic essentials indicates that money does not measure wellbeing. India now has 8% economic growth, yet it is home to a third of the world's malnourished children. In fact when economies are measured only in terms of money flow, inequalities grow: the rich get richer, the poor get poorer. And the rich might be rich in monetary terms, but they too are poor in the wider context of what being human means.
People can have immeasurable financial wealth and be socially impoverished – without love and companionship, without solidarity and community, with an empty soul in spite of overflowing bank accounts.
MONEY GROWTH IS usually measured in terms of Gross National Product (GNP). However, GNP fails to measure the decay of nature's economy and the social economy. In the definition of measuring growth is the destruction of the self-sufficient,
self-provisioning people's sustenance economy. "If you produce what you consume, you do not produce" – that is the assumption underlying economic growth. That is how rich ecosystems and rich cultures are destroyed. Resources and labour must leave an ecosystem or household to contribute to 'growth' (measured in terms of money). Ecological growth is not counted; in fact ecological destruction contributes to increase in GNP. Social growth of individuals and societies is not counted; in fact social decay and disintegration contribute to GNP.
I have witnessed again and again that as people's resources are commoditised and people's economies are commercialised, money flow does increase in society, but it is mainly outflow from nature and people to commercial interests and corporations. The money economy grows, but nature's economy and people's economy shrink.
Take the case of agriculture. Production of food is primary
production. All it needs is soil, water, biodiversity and the creative energy of farmers. Ecological organic farming and traditional agriculture generate a positive economy, a living economy, which conserves soil, water and bio-diversity, generates livelihoods and produces good, healthy, abundant, diverse food. There is no hunger and no unemployment. If droughts or floods affect production, hunger is localised in space and time. It is not permanent. Even today there are
agricultural systems which have no monetary inputs yet they produce more food, more health, more prosperity for local communities than industrial systems do.
Money has transformed agriculture from a positive economy to a negative economy, which is killing biodiversity, the soil and our farmers. We in India have witnessed a new tragedy of an epidemic of farmers' suicides (more than 100,000 in ten years) as more costly inputs such as non-renewable genetically modified and hybrid seeds, pesticides and fertilisers are sold to farmers on credit. The farmers become steeped in unpayable debt and end up consuming the pesticides that got them into debt, to end their lives. In this negative 'suicide economy', money flows do increase but life is extinguished and wellbeing diminished. The government response is to offer more credit, which deepens the debt crisis. The real solution to the epidemic of farmers' suicides is the practice and promotion of sustainable organic production, which gets rid of purchased external inputs, which need money, and allowing the value of agricultural produce to reflect the costs of production and the costs of living of farming families. In the globalised economy, the price of food does not reflect its real costs. It is distracted by US$4 billion of subsidies by rich countries, and by monopoly markets controlled by five agribusiness giants. Money has stopped being a measure of value in food systems.
A debt-free, suicide-free, sustainable agriculture is not only possible: it is necessary to ensure nature's wellbeing, the wellbeing of farmers, and the wellbeing of consumers.
MONEY HAS BECOME a mis-measure of wealth and wellbeing for two reasons. First, money does not reflect the ecological and social destruction that is an externality of 'growth' as measured in terms of money and financial resources. Secondly, money no longer reflects the resources, goods and services it commands. Money has taken on a life of its own: it can reproduce itself and multiply, totally separated from the real wealth in nature and society. More than US$3 trillion move around the world daily in a global financial casino, and this is fifty times more than the real resources in the world.
Money has become totally dissociated from real value, but those who accumulate financial resources can then stake claim on the real resources of people – their land and water, their forests and seeds. 'Hungry' money is predating on the last drop of water and the last square inch of land on the planet. This is not an end to poverty. It is an end to human rights and justice. People are being made disposable in a world where money rules.
Rarely is the increased cost of living and cost of production or the displacement of people from their land and livelihoods taken into account when 'growth' is measured in terms of money flow and financial transactions. When ecological internal input farming is replaced by purchased inputs, the environment is destroyed and farmers are dispossessed. However, there is more 'growth' when measured in increased purchases of chemicals and costly seeds. When corporations patent seeds, a trillion dollars of increased money will flow as royalty, but the farmers will be poorer. When water is commoditised and water markets of a trillion dollars are created, corporate profits explode and GNP increases, but people are left thirsty and poor.
When every aspect of life is commercialised and commoditised, living becomes more costly, and people are poor even if they earn more than a dollar a day. On the other hand, people can be affluent in material terms even without the money economy if they have access to land, their soils are fertile, their rivers flow clean, their cultures are rich and carry traditions of producing beautiful homes and clothing and delicious food, and there are social cohesion, solidarity and a spirit of community.
Trade and exchange of goods and services have always existed in human societies, but these were subjected to nature's and people's economies. The elevation of the domain of the market and money to the position of the highest organising principle and the only measure of our wellbeing has in fact led to the undermining of the processes that maintain and sustain life. The richer we get, the poorer we become ecologically and culturally.
We need to create measures beyond money, economies beyond the global supermarket to rejuvenate real wealth and authentic wellbeing. We need to remember that the real currency of life is life itself.
Vandana Shiva is author of Earth Democracy. She is a campaigner for ecological rights, and teaches regularly at Schumacher College in the UK and The School of Seed in India.
The dominant model of 'economic development' has become anti-life.
More than US$3 trillion move around the world daily in a global financial casino, and this is fifty times more than real resources in the world.
We need to remember that the real currency of life is life itself.


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Acceptable use policy
This policy sets out some of the terms on which users may access our website (cibusfarmlandclub.com). It applies to all users of and visitors to our site.
By using this site you accept, and agree to abide by, all the terms in this Acceptable Use Policy, which supplement our website Terms of Use.
In the event of any inconsistency between this policy and the Terms of Use, the Terms of Use will prevail.
cibusfarmlandclub.com is a website operated by Baerz Property BV (we, us). All copyrights of this website are owned by Baerz Property BV.
Prohibited uses
You may use our site only for lawful purposes. You may not use our site:
- in any way that breaches any applicable local, national or international law or regulation;
- in any way that is unlawful or fraudulent, or has any unlawful or fraudulent purpose or effect;
- to send, knowingly receive, upload, download, use or re-use any material which does not comply with our content standards (see below);
- to transmit, or procure the sending of, any unsolicited or unauthorized advertising or promotional material or any other form of similar solicitation (spam); or
- to knowingly transmit any data, send or upload any material that contains viruses, Trojan horses, worms, time-bombs, keystroke loggers, spyware, adware or any other harmful programs or similar computer code designed to adversely affect the operation of any computer software or hardware.
You also agree not to reproduce, duplicate, copy or re-sell any part of our site; and not to access without authority, interfere with, damage or disrupt:
- any part of our site;
- any equipment or network on which our site is stored;
- any software used in the provision of our site; or
- any equipment or network or software owned or used by any third party.
Content standards
These content standards apply to material you send, knowingly receive, upload, download, use or re-use to, from or on our site.
This material must:
- be accurate (where it states facts);
- be genuinely held (where it states opinions); and
- comply with applicable law in Romania, and in any country from which it is posted.
The material must not:
- be likely to deceive any person;
- be made in breach of any legal duty owed to a third party, such as a contractual duty or a duty of confidence.
- invade another's privacy; or
- be used to impersonate any person, or to misrepresent your identity or affiliation with any person.
Suspension and termination
If you breach this policy, we may take such action as we deem appropriate.
Failure to comply with this acceptable use policy constitutes a material breach of the Terms of Use upon which you are permitted to use our site, and may result in our taking all or any of the following actions:
- temporary or permanent withdrawal of your right to use our site;
- legal proceedings against you for reimbursement of all costs on an indemnity basis (including, but not limited to, reasonable administrative and legal costs) resulting from the breach;
- further legal action against you; and
- disclosure of such information to law enforcement authorities as we reasonably feel is necessary.
We exclude liability for actions taken in response to breaches of this acceptable use policy. The responses described in this policy are not limited, and we may take any other action we reasonably deem appropriate.
Changes to the acceptable use policy
We may revise this policy at any time by amending this page. Please check this page from time to time to take notice of any changes we make, as they are legally binding on users.


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Original Src Filter (proto)
Use the Original source address on upstream connections.
[extensions.filters.http.original_src.v3.OriginalSrc proto]
The Original Src filter binds upstream connections to the original source address determined for the request. This address could come from something like the Proxy Protocol filter, or it could come from trusted http headers.
This extension has the qualified name envoy.filters.http.original_src
This extension is functional but has not had substantial production burn time, use only with this caveat.
This extension is intended to be robust against untrusted downstream traffic. It assumes that the upstream is trusted.
This extension extends and can be used with the following extension category:
This extension must be configured with one of the following type URLs:
"mark": ...
- mark
(uint32) Sets the SO_MARK option on the upstream connection's socket to the provided value. Used to ensure that non-local addresses may be routed back through envoy when binding to the original source address. The option will not be applied if the mark is 0.


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Gmail's canned responses are a true time-saver, but they can also fill out a task list in Remember the Milk (RTM) like nobody's business. An RTM forum member details how he uses auto-filled emails for meal and grocery planning.
Remember the Milk gives each user an email address where they can send in emails to import tasks. You can also include code text, like tags: dinner
, in the body, and define which list gets added to in the subject.
Michael writes to the Remember the Milk forums about how Gmail's canned responses allow him to automatically add his favorite dishes to after-work shopping lists in RTM:
... To save typing this e-mail every time I want to cook this dish I've saved the list of ingredients as a 'canned response' in gmail so, if I want to load this meal into my grocery list I just goto gmail and select this 'canned response', sent it to RTM and within a few seconds the ingredients have loaded into my grocery list.
Canned responses also make for a smarter autoresponder, so investing a little bit of time into them can pay off in the long run. One of our readers actually suggested something like this a while back, but if you're a serious RTM user, it's an extremely handy tip.
Got your own unique use for canned responses? Lay them down in the comments.
Shopping List [Remember the Milk Forums]


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Declaration of Interdependence
This we know
We are the earth, through the plants and animals that nourish us.
We are the rains and the oceans that flow through our veins.
We are the breath of the forests of the land, and the plants of the sea.
We are human animals, related to all other life as descendants of the firstborn cell.
We share with these kin a common history, written in our genes.
We share a common present, filled with uncertainty.
And we share a common future, as yet untold.
We humans are but one of thirty million species weaving the thin layer of life enveloping the world.
The stability of communities of living things depends upon this diversity.
Linked in that web, we are interconnected — using, cleansing, sharing and replenishing the fundamental elements of life.
Our home, planet Earth, is finite; all life shares its resources and the energy from the sun, and therefore has limits to growth.
For the first time, we have touched those limits.
When we compromise the air, the water, the soil and the variety of life, we steal from the endless future to serve the fleeting present.
This we believe
Humans have become so numerous and our tools so powerful that we have driven fellow creatures to extinction, dammed the great rivers, torn down ancient forests, poisoned the earth, rain and wind, and ripped holes in the sky.
Our science has brought pain as well as joy; our comfort is paid for by the suffering of millions.
We are learning from our mistakes, we are mourning our vanished kin, and we now build a new politics of hope.
We respect and uphold the absolute need for clean air, water and soil.
We see that economic activities that benefit the few while shrinking the inheritance of many are wrong.
And since environmental degradation erodes biological capital forever, full ecological and social cost must enter all equations of development.
We are one brief generation in the long march of time; the future is not ours to erase.
So where knowledge is limited, we will remember all those who will walk after us, and err on the side of caution.
This we resolve
All this that we know and believe must now become the foundation of the way we live.
At this turning point in our relationship with Earth, we work for an evolution: from dominance to partnership; from fragmentation to connection; from insecurity, to interdependence.
Sign the Declaration of Interdependence
Sign the declaration if you agree: We can't steal from the future to serve the present. We need to sustain and steward the Earth for our descendants.
Since it was written, the Declaration has inspired people around the world to live more lightly on the Earth. To honour that universal appeal, we're proud to offer the Declaration in the following languages (PDF):


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Act One: Mother Of Invention
Karen Sosnoski's one-year-old son, Anton, was born with what's known as Mosaic Down Syndrome, a rare condition where some of his cells have the extra chromosome that causes Down syndrome and other cells don't. So as he grows, he could end up having all the health risks and challenges of Downs syndrome...or just a few of them. Through a website, Karen found a kid with the same diagnosis, named Tim Colvin, who was doing really well...perhaps because his mother, Kristy, invented a surprising and unusual way to raise her son.


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Hollow Cathode Lamp P800 Series - (37mm / 1.5") Single Element
Photron's P800 Series for all AAS compatible with 37mm or 1.5" base 2 Pin Octal Base Hollow Cathode Lamps including AAS Instruments by Varian, Agilent, GBC Scientific, Analytic Jena, Thermo & Unicam.
To get a quick overview of all hollow cathode lamps in these series, please view the Single Element 37mm / 1.5" Hollow Cathode Lamp Overview Table
Hollow cathode lamps produced by Photron are designed and manufactured to achieve all of the following fundamental requirements for a spectral line source. Read more....
- Intense emission of resonance (ground state derived) lines.
- Narrow line width, for maximum sensitivity and linearity.
- Minimal spectral interference from continuum emission, present in the cathode.
- Rapid warm up to produce stable long term light emission.
- Noise free operation. + Long running life and a 5 year shelf life.
- Cathode materials and geometry achieve a combination of spectral purity and a suitable sputtering rate.
(A high sputtering rate will give high intensity at the expense of lamp life, sensitivity and linearity).
SMITH-HIEFTJE background correction
Photron lamps have been tested and found to work as well as lamps sold specifically for this technique, however due to the high energy pulse used, some elements will be consumed at a higher rate reducing lamp life. Show less....
P800 Series Datasheets
Original price $341.00 - Original price $341.00Original price$341.00$341.00 - $341.00Current price $341.00
P865 - Hollow Cathode Lamp (HCL) - Ytterbium
Review Product Voltage Requirements Instrument To suit all AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy Instruments) Pin Type / Connectivity Two (2) Pin ~ S...
View full detailsOriginal price $341.00 - Original price $341.00Original price$341.00$341.00 - $341.00Current price $341.00Save 0% Save %


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Colorful and eye-catching, custom pennants from Image360 are a time-proven way to publicize a sale, announce a grand opening or add impact to almost any event. Of course, our custom school pennants also make the grade among educators!
Readily individualized, you'll choose from any number of custom brand pennant or custom car flag materials, types and sizes—including personalized pennants in solid colors or printed with your logo or message. Select from the familiar triangular pennant, or choose rectangular or other shapes.
For buildings, you'll benefit from our custom window flags and custom business pennants. Our custom business car flags cover your mobile marketing needs. And, know that our custom mini flags and string pennants are popular for car lots, leasing offices, tent sales and other applications.
Click on any of the links below to look through your many selections in custom pennants, personalized car flags and other custom pennant options.
Ready to take the next step? Schedule a consultation with Image360 Calgary South by clicking the Get A Quote Link or calling directly 587-391-7446.


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Retailing has always been a tough business. Now it's a brutal business. Some observers now predict that more than 25% of retailers may go bust in the the next two years.
A great WSJ quote driving home how this truly is retail's Schumpeterian moment:
Analysts estimate that from about 10% to 26% of all retailers are in financial distress and in danger of filing for Chapter 11. AlixPartners LLP, a Michigan-based turnaround consulting firm, estimates that 25.8% of 182 large retailers it tracks are at significant risk of filing for bankruptcy or facing financial distress in 2009 or 2010. In the previous two years, the firm had estimated 4% to 7% of retailers then tracked were at a high risk for filing.
More here.
Granted, many retailers are perpetually on the verge of bankruptcy, but these are still unprecedented numbers. Retail, as we know it, is going to look very, very different a decade from now.
The first retail casualty of the weak holiday season could be Goody's Family Clothing Inc., a Southeast apparel retailer. The 287-store chain emerged from bankruptcy court in October but its holiday sales were below plan and financing it was counting on didn't materialize, according to a person familiar with the situation. The retailer is negotiating with lenders to avoid potential liquidation, say two people familiar with the matter.
A representative for Goody's was unavailable to comment. But in October, Chief Executive Paul White was upbeat about its prospects, saying "we are energized by the opportunity in front of us and are focused on continuing to fulfill the Goody's mission."
Other retailers are saying they will trim inventory and reduce the number of suppliers. That, in turn, will cause a ripple effect, prompting a number of weaker manufacturers, small brands and underfunded fashion labels to fail. New retail formats and concepts stores are likely to be curtailed in the coming year. And luxury-goods makers already are working to cut the long lead times between orders and store delivery as a way to reduce risk.
"We will have a lot fewer stores by the middle of 2009," says Nancy Koehn, professor of business administration at Harvard Business School. "It's happening very, very quickly because of the financial crisis and the recession."
Henry Blodget | Dec 27, 08 9:36 AM
Source: Clusterstock


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Rated R
Metacritic: 37
Cast: Dwayne Johnson, Zac Efron, Priyanka Chopra, Alexandra Daddario
In sun-kissed Emerald Bay, the vigorous Lieutenant Mitch Buchannon and Baywatch, his elite team of hand-picked and perfectly tanned lifeguards, protect the bay, keeping both sunbathers and beach lovers safe. However, this summer, two new eager trainees will join the demanding life-saving program, as well as an insubordinate former Olympic swimmer, who are all called to prove their worth on the lifeguard towers just on time when a new synthetic street drug begins to infest the Emerald Bay: the flakka. Without a doubt, this calls for some serious undercover teamwork action, as the badgeless heroes in spandex comb the beach for shady newcomers and nefarious entrepreneurs with hidden agendas of their own. Can Mitch's band save the bay?


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Are You Making A Great First Impression?
When you meet someone for the first time you judge them. Whether you agree or disagree with this, it is a fact.
Your brain creates a metal image which generally influences how that person is treated!
The first thing a person sees is generally the face.
So why on earth do so many of us buy cheap, badly designed eyewear that doesn't suit us. Our face, which includes our eye wear is one of the first things a person sees and judges us by.
Would you wear the same pair of shoes to work as you would to go to your daughters Wedding. You wouldn't, but many of us see no problem in wearing the same pair of glasses!
Because of the Health Service in the UK we have been conditioned for many years to view glasses as a necessity not an accessory. The old health service frames were given away without a charge and even today when there is no such thing as a Health Service frame you can still get free eyewear in certain circumstances.
On the continent and the US this is not the case. They value eyewear and want it to look the best it can be. Many people have at least two if not more pairs. They wear them as an accessory.
So please, make that first impression count. Dispensing Opticians are trained to understand the shape, the colour and the material of frames and lenses to suit you. Get a pair for everyday, smart and business like, have a pair for those special occasions, maybe rimless or a bit of bling, then have a colourful bright pair to wear on those occasions you want to be different.
Ask your Optician about the multi pair deals. Once you have more than pair, you'll never look back.


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If you have any more insight, please feel free to leave a message in the Comments area so other readers can find inspiration to make their summer at home with little ones more manageable!
Prof en Retraite from the Confessions of a Plate Addict blog said she took her own grandson to see Monet's Water Lilies this week. I hadn't even thought of the art museum. The National Gallery of Art is my favorite, next to the Louvre, of course. Kids who love to paint and draw would probably have a blast examining paintings, sculptures, and other works of art. Then they can go home and create their own Rembrandt rip-off.
(You don't have to buy pricey Crayola products at Michael's! The Dollar Tree has paints, crayons, side walk chalk, and large paper pads that are suitable for three year olds who have not succumbed to brand loyalty yet. I love Crayola, but when it's a tight month, The Dollar Tree will do!)
Xazmin at This is the Year is young at heart, because she still enjoys a rousing chair spin or two. (Good for you, X!) One of the things her family enjoys is picnicking at the park or in the beautiful mountains close to where they live. If you've ever visited Xazmin's blog, you can enjoy her mountain views vicariously. To kick it up a notch, you could organize a contest for the older kids. Maybe give each of them a disposable camera, and award prizes for best nature shot, funniest photo, most creative, etc. A scavenger hunt could be fun too!
My separated at birth, blonde, and prettier twin, Amanda at Imperfectly Beautiful lamented that her husband hasn't put their "ghetto pool" in yet, and the summers down South are H-O-T! We think we've got it bad here in Virginia! The picture above is similar to what I'd love to have in the back yard of my dreams, but the picture below might work for those of you who don't have a neighborhood pool, or a pool your husband hasn't had a chance to set up yet.
My parents used a good old-fashioned sprinkler, sans Slip 'N Slide, and we all turned out just fine. I'm more of a pool person though...wet grass isn't my thing. I'd prefer a $10 plastic pool from Wal-Mart or Target over nothing!
If you already have a gym membership, why not make use of it? This was a revelation from Becky at Farmgirl Paints. Like Becky's, the Kids Zone at our gym boasts a maze, outdoor playground, indoor play area, and computers. Some gyms may offer special summer programs, so check the website of your local haunt. I like the idea of my kiddos having some fun with new children while I get a quick workout in.
Stacey from I'm a Blogger, Now What? (she's actually sort of my step-sister-in-law!) regularly visits my favorite spot--the Dollar Spot at Target. She and her kids have used some summer time to create hand-made cards to send to friends and family.
Stacey noted that Target's Dollar Spot is also a great place to stock up on Superhero and Princess mini-notebooks, which are a thrill for the younger set.
My sweet friend Tracy loved the Children's Book Club idea and is thinking about starting one! If it's a book that my little spitfire will sit still long enough for, we are all in, Tracy!
On to other things....
In an exhibition of being the world's worst bloggy friend, I am just now getting around to Xazmin's tag.
I'm supposed to go to my pictures, open the 1st file folder, and share the 10th picture and the story that goes along with it. Then tag 5 more people to participate! Easy peasy!
This photo is of Natalie and Michaela Byrd the first time they wore matching outfits. Natalie was so excited to match her sister. This was during the brief, but happy period of time in which she enjoyed having her sister around. I call it our Renaissance.
I tag:
1. Prof en Retraite
2. Amanda
3. Becky
4. Stacey
5. Tracy
Have a fabulous weekend!


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90 Simple and Beautiful Front Yard Landscaping Ideas on A Budget (81)
LivingMarch.com are really concern to Provide HOME – INTERIOR – EXTERIOR. We are Gathering and Collecting photos from lot of source on internet. If some of them are yours, please don't be shy to contact us immediately, we are so pleased to add some credit to them.


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There are three days left to download MyMemories for FREE!!!! It also comes with $10 in store credit!! You can thank me later :) It is not only for scrapbooking . . . you can make posters, handouts, cards, calendars, party prints, etc. I made this CALLED TO SERVE banner with the program and am sharing it all with you!
This banner was made with love for my oldest nephew who is now serving in the Spanish speaking Morristown, New Jersey mission for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. He is such a great example to me and my three boys for giving 2 years of his life to the service of the Lord and the people of Jersey.
To download your CALLED TO SERVE banner:
click the download button above
save to your computer
print from home or your favorite printing company on white card stock
hang by punching a hole on both top corners and stringing ribbon through or use clothes pins
To download your FREE MyMemories Version 4 Digital Scrapbooking Program enter this promo code at checkout (it is for the digital version only):


text: The second Rim Space Expansion set for Firefly: The Game, Kalidasa adds a massive star system to the 'Verse with loads of new opportunities for adventure and profit. No sector of space is safe as the long arm of the Alliance reaches out beyond the central planets with the addition of the Operative's Corvette. Every region of the 'Verse becomes more dangerous with the addition of new Nav Cards for Alliance Space, Border Space and Rim Space. Two new Contacts, including the twin brothers Fanty & Mingo, provide new work opportunities for ambitious crews, especially those willing to get their hands dirty. The bustling port of Beaumonde offers exciting new gear and supplies for captains of all sorts. The bounty of the Rim also flows back to other Supply Planets with new crew, gear and ship upgrades appearing on other worlds. Finally, new Set Up cards, new Story Cards, and a host of surprises await the bold.


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Tauler, Johann (ca. 1330-1361)
Johann Tauler, a noted mystic of the Middle Ages, the son of a well-to-do citizen of Strasbourg, entered the Dominican Order at an early age, probably led to do so by Eckhart. He studied in Cologne under Nikolaus of Basel and Eckhart. For a short time he lived in Strasbourg, preaching and teaching with success. Then he returned to his native town and preached there until his death.
The story told in the Meisterbuch of the "Friend of God from the highlands" (Rulman Merswin) does not deal with Tauler, as had been supposed (by Preger and Ludwig Keller). The books Buch von der geistlichen Armut and Betrachtungen des Leidens und Sterbens Jesu were not written by him. The hymns formerly attributed to him have also been proved to be spurious. But his sermons, published in various editions, are considered genuinely his. They were much read in certain Mennonite circles, especially in South Germany. The best loved was the "Nachfolge des armen Lebens Jesu," which was, however, falsely attributed to him.
Clark, J. M. The Great German Mystics: Eckhart, Tauler, and Suso. Oxford, 1949.
Hege, Christian and Christian Neff. Mennonitisches Lexikon, 4 vols. Frankfurt & Weierhof: Hege; Karlsruhe: Schneider, 1913-1967: v. IV, 292.
Redern, H. von. Der Gottesfreund Johann Tauler. 1923.
Die Religion in Geschichte and Gegenwart, 5 vols. 2nd ed. Tübingen: Mohr, 1927-1932: v. V.
Author(s) | Christian Neff |
Date Published | 1959 |
Cite This Article
MLA style
Neff, Christian. "Tauler, Johann (ca. 1330-1361)." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. 1959. Web. 19 Jul 2024. https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Tauler,_Johann_(ca._1330-1361)&oldid=146287.
APA style
Neff, Christian. (1959). Tauler, Johann (ca. 1330-1361). Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. Retrieved 19 July 2024, from https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Tauler,_Johann_(ca._1330-1361)&oldid=146287.
Adapted by permission of Herald Press, Harrisonburg, Virginia, from Mennonite Encyclopedia, Vol. 4, p. 687. All rights reserved.
©1996-2024 by the Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. All rights reserved.


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Across England there are a variety of unique and beautiful places to live and work which offer individuals their perfect lifestyle. We asked our Guild agents their opinions on where the best places to live in Britain with a good quality of life are. Here's what they shared...
1. London
"Believe it or not, London is still a good place to live although there has been a mass departure in the last 12 months with many moving out of the city.
"It is ideal for young and old with amazing restaurants, bars and theatres. London's offerings to its inhabitants are inexhaustible unlike any other city in the UK; 'When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life' as Samuel Johnson once said.
"With all the economic turmoil and uncertainty over Brexit, Londoners need to stick by their capital city and tell the planet that it is still the best city in the world." explains Susie.
Susie Robinson, Rickman Properties in Kensington
2. Wiveliscombe
"Wiveliscombe is the best place to live as it is 10 miles from Taunton and six miles from Wellington. The geography defines the place and it stands on its own two feet - socially, educationally and economically. Whilst it's technically a town, it really is a big village, with primary and secondary schools, shops, takeaways, businesses, services, serving a much wider rural community in West Somerset.
"There is a real diverse group of people of all demographics; young, working, old, retired, matched by a real variety of properties in the beautiful rolling west country Somerset countrywide between the Quantocks and the Brendons and Taunton Vale.
"The population is less than 3,000 but there are many thriving businesses and further residential and commercial development taking place in the town. There are also numerous clubs and societies, including the latest - Wivey Lele, mini Ukulele orchestra and Wiveliscombe rugby club which is currently top of Tribute Somerset premier." explains Bruce.
Bruce Keay, Wiveliscombe Estate Agents
3. Brighton and Hove
"Sometimes you have to look a bit further than the headline to get the real story, and if Brighton is usually the name in bold sometimes the attractions of Hove actually get overlooked.
"Today it's the city of Brighton and Hove, but because they were originally adjoining towns with separate councils the city's sibling areas still have unique identities. One thing they share is a varied, vibrant lifestyle, though in Hove it tends to be a little more laid back and discrete.
"You only have to walk the beachfront along from Brighton's piers to feel the change as the promenade starts to be separated from the road by Hove Lawns. A well-kept wide strip of grass which hosts various culinary and sporting events throughout the summer, it's popular all year round with families, dog walkers and sports enthusiasts as are the green open spaces of Hove Park and St Ann's Well Gardens.
"The Churchill Square retail centre is a big Brighton attraction, but for those who like their shopping to be carried out away from the modern mall experience Hove is the place to be. Church Road runs through from the famous floral clock and has a wealth of restaurants, pubs, cafes and shops. George Street is a traditional local high street with a mix of outlets, both major chains and independents, and recent additions to the culinary scene include MasterChef winner Steven Edwards' first restaurant Etch.
"With its wide main avenues laid out in a continental style grid, when you're enjoying a coffee in local popular indie Baked or Brighton chain The Flour Pot, you know you are far removed from the more hectic and touristy atmosphere of Brighton.
"If you need to travel to London, Hove train station offers mainline commuter links that travel directly to the capital without needing to change at Brighton, and if you really want to escape the South Downs are on your doorstep offering their own panoramic sea views." explains Jenny.
4. Yarm, Teesside
Yarm is a Georgian market town bordered by the River Tees and previously voted Best High Street in the UK.
"Yarm is well regarded as the best place to live on Teesside due to the wide range of shops, cafes and restaurants in the high street. It is popular with families due to excellent schooling in both state and private sectors. There are open park spaces at Preston Park with river walks and easy access to the A19, Darlington train station and Durham Tees Valley airport.
"The area has a wide array of property available from first time buyer price ranges through to million pound residences. Yarm is undoubtedly the jewel of Teesside." says John.
John Newhouse, Roseberry Newhouse
5. The Test Valley Village
"The Test Valley Village is one of the best places to live as it has very convenient access to London and the West Country by road and rail with main line stations at Winchester and Sailsbury providing fast trains into London Waterloo.
The Test Valley is blessed with some spectacular walks and countryside and is renowned for the River Test. The area is a favourite for ramblers, cyclists and for its shooting.
There are many attractions in the Test Valley which include the Bombay Sapphire Distillery, Sir Harold Hillier Gardens, Longstock Park Water Garden, Highclere Castle, Houghton Lodge, Romsey Abbey and Romsey Signal Box.
"Test Valley in the west of Hampshire possibly has more pubs and restaurants than any other area of the county. The clear chalk streams of the River Test are famous for the Test Valley trout and there are many producers of quality local food in this area. Thatched cottages and welcoming pubs in Test Valley's picturesque villages add to the area's charm and there are attractions for all ages. There are also excellent schools within the area in both the public and private sector." concludes Celeste.
Celeste Parkers, Hamilton Parkers
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The new season of Studio 8 kicks off on Saturday 6 March with Irish artist Claire Halpin and Studio 8 Coordinator, Lynn McGrane, with a workshop that explores the IMMA Collection exhibition What happens next is a secret. This experimental exhibition examines notions of collection and curation, in response Studio 8 participants will develop ideas in the studio, working on creative concepts and making working drawings. They will discuss various aspects of curation, such as how the placing and context of an art work can alter the pacing, narrative and perception of exhibitions, and also look at a range of materials and artforms during this exploratory workshop.
Studio 8 is a free drop-in space for young people, aged 15-18 years old, at the Irish Museum of Modern Art. It is an easy-going, informal space for young people of varied interests and all levels of creative experience. A place for young people to meet and explore the Museum and join in on activities linked to IMMA's exhibitions. Young people can drop in anytime from 11.00am to 4.00pm on Saturdays from 6 March to 24 April 2010 (excluding Saturday 3 April, Easter weekend). Studio 8 is an opportunity for young people to connect with all that's happening at IMMA and to really get to know the Museum.
Activities running from Studio 8 include tours of exhibitions, talks and discussions, art making in different forms and media, sessions on curating, visits to IMMA's Artists' Residency Programme and more. All activities are free, with basic materials provided, and are facilitated by artists and Mediators (IMMA's gallery staff). No booking is required and it is not necessary to attend every week.
Information about further Studio 8 activities, including two drawing focused workshops with artist Clodagh Emoe on 13 and 20 March, will be updated on IMMA's website. It is also possible to be included on an email list for Studio 8 updates please contact Caroline Orr, Curator: Education & Community Department at [email protected] or Jen Phelan, Administrator: Education & Community Department at email [email protected]
For further information and images please contact Monica Cullinane at Tel: +353 1 612 9900, Email: [email protected]
23 February 2010


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Hearing aids are the most effective and common treatment option for most types of hearing loss, and they are extremely useful for both children and adults alike. Since children's language and social skills have not fully developed as adults' have, getting the highest quality of sound possible delivered to your child's ear is a top priority.
Pediatric Hearing Loss
Getting a child with hearing loss immediate treatment is vital to his or her developmental, learning and behavioral abilities. Treatment options will be based on the type, severity and frequency of your child's hearing loss. A pediatric hearing aid doctor will offer treatment guidelines after learning about your child's medical history and doing a complete hearing assessment.
Hearing Aid Styles
There are several styles of hearing aids for adults, but children are typically fitted with Behind The Ear (BTE) hearing aids. BTE hearing aids have a casing, which sits behind the ear and houses all the electronics, which attaches over the top of the ear by tube that runs down the ear and connects to a custom mold in the ear canal.
These hearing aids are the most powerful and effective for relaying consistent, understandable sound. As the inexpensive, custom molds can be made to fit the child's ear as they grow, BTE hearing aids are considered the best option for children.
In some cases, especially in older children whose language is mostly developed, a pediatric audiologist may suggest other models of hearing aids for your child. While these hearing aids may not be as effective, they are appealing due to their cosmetics and comfort. Smaller, sleeker styles include: In The Ear (ITE), In The Canal (ITC), Completely In the Canal (CIC) and Receiver In the Canal (RIC) hearing aids.
Hearing Aid Accessories
Along with your child's hearing aids, there are a number of important accessories that can improve language and learning. Children and adults alike commonly use classroom-specific hearing aid accessories, as classes and lecture halls prove to be some of the hardest places to focus for those with hearing loss.
For older children who understand their hearing loss, wireless remote control accessories and apps allow for precise hearing aid adjustments without having to touch the tiny and delicate controls on the hearing devices themselves. Other similar accessories can allow your child to wirelessly connect directly to important equipment like televisions, cell phones, computers and MP3 plays, which will help them relate more easily to their peers and family members.
Call Hearing Aid Services of Hollywood at (323) 463-7109 for more information or to schedule your appointment today.


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Noom sees an 8% increase in authorization rates with Stripe
The health platform boosted acceptance rates and expanded global coverage by switching to Stripe.
Noom is a consumer-led digital health platform focused on helping users make long-lasting, positive health changes. Using the power of science, psychology, and thousands of human coaches, Noom's platform guides customers along their journey and helps them to achieve transformational health outcomes.
Noom was preparing to expand its digital health platform around the globe when the team noticed a large number of credit card declines were preventing new customers from signing up for Noom's services. "We had a significant issue around credit card acceptance," said Brian Wright, Noom's VP of International Growth and Operations. Noom recognized that this friction in the sign-up process not only resulted in a poor experience for users, but would significantly impede Noom's global expansion and revenue growth. It became apparent that Noom's existing payments provider didn't deliver the data Noom needed to better understand the poor performance. "We knew that we would never be able to scale the business without fixing this critical challenge," said Wright.
Noom launched an A/B test between Stripe and its existing payments provider to see which delivered the best credit card acceptance rates. For three months, Noom ran an even split test for users across the US and UK. The differences were stark. "Based on the experiment that we ran, we saw a high single-digit improvement in our overall credit card acceptance rates with Stripe," said Wright.
Encouraged by the results of the A/B test, Noom decided to transition all of its payment volume to Stripe. The process to migrate their billing data took just a month and was especially smooth thanks to Stripe's intuitive documentation and strong customer support. "Migrating payment information is a sensitive process. Stripe really took a consultative approach to help us make sure we did it right," Wright said.
Higher acceptance rates lead to revenue lift
The higher credit card acceptance rates Noom experienced with Stripe were made possible by Stripe's modern acquiring platform. By switching to Stripe, Noom experienced an 8% increase in credit card acceptance rates, leading to increased revenue. Stripe Adaptive Acceptance uses machine learning to optimize authorization messages and make smarter retry decisions instantly, which helps Noom accept as many legitimate transactions as possible and generate revenue with no extra effort. With this powerful payment intelligence, Noom could improve its customer experience by reducing unnecessary declines. Plus, because Adaptive Acceptance works globally without additional integration work, Noom could confidently double down on its international expansion. "As we continue to work with Stripe to streamline payment processing, we expect to see marked improvements in revenue as it relates to payment processing," Wright said.
Reduced monthly churn increases customer lifetime value
Because Noom operates on a subscription model, Stripe's impact extended beyond just the initial customer sign-up. By utilizing Stripe Billing, Noom is able to automate recurring payments from subscribers who opt-in to multi-month plans. Stripe Billing helps Noom reduce involuntary customer churn caused by missed payments or declined cards through features such as Smart Retries and Card Account Updater. With Smart Retries, Stripe retries failed payments at the optimal day and time in order to improve the acceptance rates of recurring payments. Stripe also works with card networks to automatically attempt to update saved card details whenever a card has been replaced. This means customers can continue using Noom's platform without interruption even if their credit card number has been updated. Smart Retries and Card Account Updater work together to reduce churn and improve Noom's customer lifetime value.
Greater customer reach with more country and payment method coverage
It was Noom's international expansion plans that first spurred it to examine its credit card acceptance rates and make a change. In just one month, Noom was able to deploy Stripe in over 12 countries. Additionally, Noom needed strategies for navigating a complex global environment of local currencies and variable payment methods, such as EPS, Ideal, Sepa Debit, Bancontact, Giropay, and SOFORT. In Germany, for example, Noom discovered that direct debit was a higher priority for consumers than credit cards. With Stripe, Noom could accept direct debit payments more easily than with other processors.
The results have been so successful that Noom plans to continue expanding its partnership with Stripe. With Stripe, Noom will launch tests on new local payment methods and create more payment flexibility for Noom customers across the world.


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Black Pastors: Church 'Woefully Uninformed' About Abortion's Impact
WASHINGTON – A coalition of African-American clergy and leaders who came to the nation's capital to lobby for a Congressional investigation of the abortion industry says that the American church is by and large ignorant of abortion's negative impact.
Black clergy who spoke about the apparent lack of effort from pastors to speak out and act against the abortion industry on Tuesday morning addressed the question of why this was so.
The Rev. Walter Hoye, president and founder of the Issues4life Foundation, told The Christian Post that there are many reasons why the apathy existed in church leadership.
"Some of them are woefully uninformed. Some it's because of the media blackout, the deliberate media blackout that takes place all across the country regarding this particular issue," said Hoye. "But some, some are willfully uninformed and we are working together as a team so that everyone understands this issue. We're working together as a team to expose the truth and educate our clergy."
Pastor Stephen Broden of Fair Park Bible Fellowship Church in Dallas, Texas, told CP that this apathy stemmed from "political correctness," which he dubbed "an insidious idea within the public square that has muted the voice of the church."
"In an attempt to be politically correct, it has caused the church to hesitate on those issues in order to be accepted by the majority in the community," said Broden. "At this time, the majority in the community is buying hook, line, and sinker an ideology that is the antithesis of the biblical definition of the value of life."
The Rev. Dean Nelson, vice president of Underserved Outreach for the pro-life group Care-Net Pregnancy Centers, explained that black clergy have as early as 1973 stated strong pro-life views.
"It is important that in 1973 you did have one of the largest black denominations, the Progressive Baptist, that did have a strong resolution affirming a pro-life stance," said Nelson to CP.
"We have had that, but since that time there has been a clear eroding of that standard for life within the black community for all of the reasons that were pointed or stated."
Nelson also said he believes "there is a growing resurgence of black pastors who are committed to this" because they have become more informed on the abortion issue and due to their increased involvement in urban pregnancy care centers.
The black clergy's remarks on the issue of the church's efforts regarding abortion come as black pro-life leaders held a news conference at the National Press Building demanding that Congress hold hearings into how abortion clinics are operating, especially those in African-American communities.
There were several speakers, mostly clergy, who spoke on the issue of abortion in the black community. Many touched on the trial of Philadelphia abortion provider Kermit Gosnell, who was found guilty Monday of three counts of first-degree murder and one count of manslaughter.
The news conference was sponsored by the Center for Urban Renewal and Education, which was founded and is currently led by conservative author and commentator Star Parker.
"It's the first time in 40 years that we have had an abortion doctor on trial and we all know the end result yesterday but this is just the beginning," said Parker. "It just the beginning for the black community to speak out very aggressively about what has been happening in our community for an awful long time … [Kermit Gosnell] is not an anomaly."
Other notable speakers at the news conference included the Rev. Alveda King, head of African American Outreach for Priests for Life and niece of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and Bishop Harry Jackson, author and pastor at Hope Christian Church, Beltsville, Md.


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The past is gone forever
By brooding over the past and its tragedies, one exhibits a form of insanity – a kind of sickness that destroys resolve to live for the present moment. Those who have a firm purpose have filed away and forgotten occurrences of the past, which will never again see light, since they occupy such a dark place in the recesses of the mind.
Episodes of the past are finished with; sadness cannot retrieve them, melancholy cannot make things right, and depression will never bring the past back to life. This is because the past is non-existent.
Do not live in the nightmares of former times or under the shade of what you have missed. Save yourself from the ghostly apparition of the past. Do you think that you can return the sun to its place of rising, the baby to its mother's womb, milk to the udder, or tears to the eye? By constantly dwelling on the past and its happenings, you place yourself in a very frightful and tragic state of mind.
Reading too much into the past is a waste of the present. When Allah mentioned the affairs of the previous nations, He, the Exalted, said:
That was a nation who has passed away. (Qur'an 2. 134)
Former days are gone and done with, and you benefit nothing by carrying out an autopsy over them, by turning back the wheels of history.
The person who lives in the past is like someone who tries to saw sawdust. Of old, they used to say: "Do not remove the dead from their graves."
Our tragedy is that we are incapable of dealing with the present: neglecting our beautiful castles, we wail over dilapidated buildings. If every man and every jinn were to try jointly to bring back the past, they would most certainly fail. Everything on earth marches forward, preparing for a new season and so should you.


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This post shows how to use parallel processing to get a CPU intensive job done faster in Unix/Linux. By splitting a large task into several parts, it is quite easy to give each part to a separate CPU, and complete the task many times faster than it would on a single processor.
These days, even small PCs and other devices often come equipped with several CPU cores. But some tasks will use only one core, sometimes using 100% of it, while other cores stand by idle. Sometimes this is a waste of resources. Continue reading


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Kenny Chesney Reflects on His Relationship With Taylor Swift
They first met at an airport when Taylor Swift was an unsigned teenager and Kenny Chesney was, well ... Kenny Chesney.
The roles haven't reversed, but she's more than leveled the playing field. Still, the grateful country-turned-pop singer kept Kenny in mind and surprised him to turn in one of the more memorable performances on his Live in No Shoes Nation album.
"She surprised me on my birthday and we were able to capture that moment for this record," Chesney tells Taste of Country Nights, referring to the opening night of the Big Revival Tour in 2015.
The album includes 29 live cuts from a decade of touring. Chesney says he started recording every live show about five years ago but did so sporadically before that. "Big Star" is Swift's story, Chesney says. She lived the small town girl dream of moving to Music City and catching her star, so it was fitting for her to appear on that song with him.
"I wanted to surprise the audience. She was surprising me and I wanted to surprise the audience and honestly, Taylor Swift needs no introduction," he says.
The 2017 CMA Awards nominee says he will not be attending the CMAs. He may be in the Virgin Islands, helping to rebuild a hurricane-ravaged community that's been his second home for years. Fans can help support Chesney's efforts by giving to the Love for Love City Foundation.
"I've been back and it's not pretty," Chensey told ToC Nights. "It's crippled and bleeding."
Taste of Country Nights is a syndicated night show which airs on nearly 100 radio stations nationwide. Listen to highlights on iTunes or your Android device.
Kenny Chesney Talks to Taste of Country Nights
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