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Unfortunately, in spite of the best efforts of many, suicide happens. This leaves surviving loved ones to navigate a confusing and difficult aftermath.
If you are coming to this resource through the Bio-One website, it is likely you are in the very recent aftermath of a loved one's death and are unsure of what should happen next. While loss like this is never easy, there are many professionals who have years of experience helping people in similar situations that you can rely on during this devastating time.
Practical Information
Many resources that help with the aftermath of a suicide launch right into how to cope with grief, but if you are still in the phase of trying to manage the logistics, you may need more direct information.
This section will deal directly with things pertaining to your loved one's remains, belongings, and the physical scene of their suicide. If these details have already been taken care of or if the specifics are too difficult for you to think about right now, please skip to the next section.
What Will Happen Next
- Transport to a Medical Facility
Once the police, coroner, and/or medical examiner have released the scene, your loved one's remains will be removed from the location of the incident and transported to a medical facility.
- Confirm the Identity of the Person
If you are the immediate next of kin but were not the person who discovered and identified the body at the scene, you may be asked to identify the body in person or through photographs. If the prospect is too traumatic for you, you can decline and ask someone else to do the identification.
- Funeral Home Arrangements
If the cause of death is clear, the coroner's office or medical examiner's office will usually release the victim's body to the family within 1 to 3 days, at which point arrangements can be made for the chosen funeral home to transport the body and make preparations for their funeral.
- Potential Scene Cleanup
After the investigation is concluded, it is up to the property owner or the victim's friends and family to take care of any cleanup that may need to happen at the scene.
Do not try to clean up the scene yourself. Any blood or fluids left behind after a death are a biohazard, and attempting to do the cleanup yourself can be dangerous and deeply traumatic.
Homeowners insurance will usually cover cleanup costs, which can relieve one potential burden. Bio-One will take care of the insurance claim process for you in addition to handling the cleaning. We have all the equipment and expertise needed for the job, and we will treat the scene, the situation, and any belongings with respect and care.
What is involved in a suicide scene clean up?
At Bio-One we recognize that it can be an important part of the grieving process for some people to know exactly what is involved in cleaning up the scene.
Any unattended death (as opposed to an attended death that happens in a medical facility or under hospice care) generally requires some level of cleanup. The intensity of the cleaning required depends on how the person died and how soon after death their body was discovered.
The nature of death and decomposition makes it so that cleaning up after a suicide is rarely an easy job. Blood and body fluids can quickly seep into furniture, carpet, and floorboards, causing massive damage as they putrefy.
It's also important to know that the bio-matter involved in death cleanup can be dangerous for anyone without personal protective equipment. These situations require specialized deep cleaning and disinfection to remove all traces of fluids, soiled fabrics, bloodborne pathogens, and odors to make the area safe for habitation again.
At the same time, we are acutely aware that this cleanup is coming in the wake of incredible personal tragedy. While it's important that the job be thorough, it must also be handled with as much care as possible toward the scene and any of the victim's affected belongings. It is our goal to complete the job without inflicting further trauma on grieving loved ones.
The cleaning itself begins with a thorough inspection of the scene to assess what supplies will be needed, how much bio-hazardous material will need to be removed, and the extent of any damage that could be caused by decomposition.
Bio-matter Disinfection and Disposal
The next step is to clean and dispose of any visible blood, body fluids, and compromised porous items. We carefully follow OSHA guidelines to contain, disinfect, and dispose of all bio-matter properly in accordance with state laws to ensure the safety of everyone involved.
This stage can sometimes involve removing sections of soiled carpeting, floorboards, baseboards, and other household items to ensure that no hazardous material is left behind.
Personal Belongings
We will take care at this time to preserve any personal items that can be safely cleaned. Porous materials like clothing and stuffed animals can't be truly disinfected, but upon request we will clean them to the best of our ability and return them to the family.
Restoration Prep
Once everything has been thoroughly cleaned and disinfected, we take care to get everything to a point where we can hand it off to contractors for restoration work. We will handle filing the claims with your insurance company to make sure the remediation process is underway.
We are there with our clients through every step of the process to make sure they are not left in the dark about anything that is happening to their loved one's property or belongings.
While this may not help to ease the pain of losing a loved one, hopefully knowing you can leave the cleanup in the hands of seasoned professionals will ease some of the stress burden during this difficult time.
What's next?
One of the most difficult moments in the aftermath of a suicide is having to inform the rest of the victim's inner circle of the news. As painful as it was to discover the scene or to be told the news by someone else, if it is your responsibility to let others know, it can feel like experiencing the horror of those first moments over and over again.
Be sure to delegate. It's an unpleasant task but a necessary one, and you will get through it more quickly if you have your immediate support system help you with delivering the news.
You can be direct, and if it's too difficult for you to handle bearing the emotional fallout of each call, it can be a short one. The only people who need to be told directly are immediate family and the person's closest friends.
Everyone else can be informed with a social media post. This will help mitigate some of the emotional drain of telling loved ones about the news. This post can be succinct. Whatever you have the capacity to say is fine for now, as long as you get the news out to the people who need to know about it.
You are then perfectly justified in muting all notifications on the post. People will have condolences and questions, but those can wait. Focus on what's immediately important and return later when you have more emotional capacity.
How to Tell Children
There may be young children in the immediate or extended family who will need to be told. If this falls to your responsibility, wait until you have taken care of your own emotional needs enough to be at a point where you can be calm enough to tell them in an appropriate way.
Children are capable of understanding a lot more than we give them credit for, death included, so you can be honest with them about what happened. Be sure to explain it in a way that is appropriate to their age, avoiding focus on the act itself, and prepare to answer any questions they have in a similar manner.
Assure them that they are not at fault in any way for the loved one's suicide, especially if the victim was a parent or caretaker, and then encourage them to express how they are feeling with you.
Let them know that it is okay if they need to cry or be angry, and that you are there for them in whatever they need.
Memorial & Burial
With the logistics of the direct aftermath out of the way, the last truly important thing to do is make sure there is some sort of memorial for the victim. Even if they would not want a full funeral, it's extremely important for anyone experiencing grief to have the opportunity to honor and say goodbye to their loved one.
Most funeral homes will be able to help coordinate a memorial service appropriate for the culture and wishes of the deceased, though some families prefer to do the preparation and memorial themselves.
Whatever you choose to do, especially if you are spearheading the planning, remember to pace yourself and ask for help if needed. This is not the time to shoulder everything on your own.
The time leading up to the memorial and burial can be hectic, so it's difficult to allow yourself time to process. As soon as your loved one is laid to rest, you will need to give yourself the time and space to grieve in whatever way you need to.


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Amazon is working on a new streaming TV device called, Amazon Fire TV Cube that will let users shout out when they want to turn on their TV, flip channels or search for sitcoms without pushing any buttons.
Unlike the other devices, the Cube will let viewers switch between streaming services like Netflix and regular cable channels with such voice commands as "Alexa, turn on ESPN." The new device can also do typical Alexa tasks, such as playing "Jeopardy!" or fetching the weather, even when the TV is off.
The Fire TV Cube is not entirely hands-free yet, however. Some apps or streaming services may require viewers to pick up the included remote to rewind or stop a show. Amazon says it's working with those services to integrate voice commands.
Amazon's other voice-controlled Fire TV devices require a push of the remote's mic button or a separate Echo device with Amazon's Alexa voice assistant.
Amazon sees Alexa as a major part of its future. It has struck deals to put the voice assistant in cars, refrigerators and alarm clocks. Getting people to use Alexa keeps them tied to Amazon's services and ultimately buying more from the online retailer.
The Cube will be available later this month for $120.
The unveiling of the Fire TV Cube came as Amazon became the first internet streaming service to buy rights to Premier League soccer matches, though they will be available only to Prime members in Britain under a three-year deal.

subset: commoncrawl


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Actuonix Motion Devices unique line of Miniature Linear Actuators enables a new generation of motion-enabled product designs, with capabilities that have never before been combined in a device of this size. These linear stepper actuators are a superior alternative to designing your own push/pull mechanisms. The P8 stepper actuators are complete, self-contained linear motion devices. Several stroke length options allow these to fit a wide variety of applications. The T16 actuators are complete, self-contained linear motion devices with position feedback for sophisticated position control capabilities, or end of stroke limit switches for simple two position automation. Several gear ratios are available to give you varied speed/force configurations.
The T16 is designed to push or pull a load along its full stroke length. The speed of travel is determined by the load and mount angle (See the Load Curves). Actuator speed can be reduced by lowering the drive voltage. When power is removed the actuator will hold its position, unless the applied load exceeds the back drive force. Repeated stalling or stalling for more than a few seconds will shorten the life of the actuator significantly. Actuators should be tested in each specific application to determine their effective life under those loading conditions and environment.
Whats in the Box?
Whats included in the box?
- T16 Mini Track Actuator with Feedback
- Mounting Screws and Nuts, etc.
Actuator specification
- Manufacturer Part Number
T16-200-64-12-P - Peak Power Point
80N @9mm/s - Peak Efficiency Point
40N @14mm/s - Max Speed (no load)
18mm/s - Max Force (lifted)
90N - Back Drive Force (static)
200N - Mass
160g - Repeatability (-P&LAC)
+/-1.2mm - Closed Length (hole to hole)
400mm - Feedback Potentiometer
34kΩ±50% - Feedback Linearity
Less than 2.00% - Input Voltage
0-15 VDC. Rated at 12VDC. - Stall Current
1000mA @ 12V - Operating Temperature
-10°C to +50°C - Max Duty Cycle
20% - Audible Noise
62dB @ 45cm - Ingress Protection
None - Mechanical Backlash
0.3mm - Maximum Static Force
ABOUT Actuonix
Actuonix Motion Devices build micro linear actuators and linear servos. Based in Victoria, BC, Canada, they provide innovative and economical micro motion solutions for the growing needs of several markets including robotics, aerospace, automotive, medical and radio control. Actuonix is a leading manufacturer and innovator in the micro motion marketplace. They offer the most affordable, high quality micro linear actuators.
Know more about Actuonix
Logo and Trademark belong to Actuonix
Sorry, it looks like some products are not available in selected quantity.


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Whats the problem, now?
July 3, 2012
Things Amiss
I don't mean to be critical, because I think everything was done to ensure that the Barnes Foundation in its new location would be perfect in every way. But, there were things that disquieted me that I would be remiss to not mention. The greatest being the absence of Dr. Albert C Barnes' name anywhere in the building, except for its being on a small strip of metal on the ground that lines the reflecting pool inside of the entry alcove of the building. The strip is about 2 inches thick and includes a quote by Dr. Barnes and his name. That's it. There is no bust, no plaque, no image of Dr. Albert C Barnes. I was told that once the changing exhibition is taken down, the de Chirico portrait of Albert Barnes would be moved into the entrance hall. That exhibition will be in place for 10 months. But what would have been wrong with including some permanent memorialization of the founder of this great institution?
...The Party is Just Beginning
That evening, the Benefactors' Gala began at 6 PM sharp. I arrived to the front gates with my good friend Lonnie Graham. He wore his Nehru jacket – authentic from India, and I wore a simple yet elegant bright red dress. A photographer was positioned just inside of Neubauer Court, flanked by a staff member taking down the names of all the entrants. On this second visit to the galleries, I looked more closely for the things that seem to be missing. The list was getting longer.


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The National Security Act of 1947
The Question:
What was established first, the Department of Defense or the CIA?
The Answer:
Both entities were established by the the National Security Act of 1947, signed on July 26, 1947, by President Harry S. Truman. The act, which took effect on September 18 of that year, also created the National Security Council and the United States Air Force.
The Departments of War and Navy were combined to form the National Military Establishment; this became the Department of Defense when the act was amended in 1949. The Central Intelligence Agency is an independent executive bureau of the U.S. government, and replaced the wartime Office of Strategic Services (1942-45).
In related areas, we have a directory of current executive departments and independent government agencies, as well as a list of all the U.S. presidents and their cabinet members in our almanac.
-The Editors


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You joined friends and went towards the local casino to the good time before heading back for dinner with your wife and kids. Well, you said to yourself, "I'm just accompanying these guys and will probably put a bet or two for fun, nothing really important." Then, you ended up losing half of the salary and in your mind, you can get all that during next bet, may never turn your way. Forgetting your spouse and kids waiting at home. If so, you have gambling addiction certainly not know how avoid gambling.
To maximize the pleasure may are in order to be experience when playing in slot machines, you would always for you to win far more. In order for in order to definitely increase the odds of your winning you'll need to exactly how to decide on the best slot machine game that allows the best payment. When you choose equipment to play with, wedding ushers ones from the best locations – people most casino players called "hot slots nex777 ". These hot slots within many cases are situated near the winning claims booth or in the food area. Type of of machines are sometimes placed in locations the actual planet casino where traffic is heavy.
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However, should probably share more time than you realize, by just allowing numerous people interruptions without having it be taking proactive control of the time. More than likely leaving more to chance than choice.
Progressive Slot s are a somewhat new type of Slot machine that enhances the odds of winning in brick and mortar on line casino. These are normally joined together within an electronic digital network to slowly increase the jackpot as people place wagers. So as people more bets in the network, the jackpot gradually increases. This creates sense of community, as gamblers place bets hoping of winning a life-changing amount money. These types of games are preferred and normally function given that the main attraction at local casinos. Pause to look for commonly find a group people gambling together in order to better their chances of winning.
Our specific Win at Slot Machines strategy would have been to play the one-dollar slots and as an alternative to playing the three tokens that the Jackpot Skill Stop Slot machine offers, we stick with the one-dollar play. Sure, it doesn't win you as much money, but there been recently myths circling for years saying you'll hit the machine more anyone don't strive get major bucks. So that we stick certain thought process and usually come out a winner.
Yes, winning slot prizes are hugely dependent on your luck. Your fate may be to do with the slot game, but the level of win or loss that you experience depends on you.


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Uniplaces is an online marketplace for booking student accommodation with thousands of verified properties.
The simple booking process is done online and can be done months in advance - students being able to secure accommodation in a city they haven't arrived to yet and don't even know is the key that opens the door to this new experience.
In a way that is safe, trustworthy and with consistent quality, Uniplaces provides easy-to-find, easy-to book accommodation. This helps to make any international student's experience memorable: with value-added initiatives that'll make that experience unforgettable.
In addition Uniplaces and ESN are together breaking down barriers to student mobility, with the Living the Dream Scholarship, the first-ever crowd funded scholarship for student accommodation, and the Uniplaces Academy.


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Reader one800higgins shares a customized iPad home screen with a new clock and a textured background for screens and folders.
This home screen is pretty easy to throw together, as long as you're jailbroken:
This is a custom iPad 3 wood theme I put together. The lock screen is basically a modified Typophone theme. All the wood stuff, including the background, notification center, folders, and multitasker are all manually added in to a custom Winterboard theme I made. The lockscreen swipe is also manually added in to this theme.
Do you have an awesome, tweaked-into-oblivion home or lock screen of your own that you'd like to share? Go ahead and post it on the #homescreenshowcase forum with a description of how you made it and it may be the next featured home screen.


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Lawrence Freeman
August 3, 2017
The July 30th Sunday edition of the New York Times, published an article by its Africa reporter, Jeffrey Gettleman, entitled, "Loss of Fertile Land Fuels 'Looming Crisis' Across Africa." The analysis, and conclusions of this article are all wrong, because they are based on false and ideologically driven axioms regarding the development of Africa. Essentially, Gettlemen and the New York Times are steeped in the "Zero Growth" culture which became prevalent in the United States and the West in 1970s.
In the aftermath of the 1963 assassinations of President John F Kennedy and the ensuing "rock-drug-sex" counterculture, the groundwork was prepared for the onslaught the environmental movement. With its no-growth, anti-science, anti-industrialization outlook that dominated the thinking of the baby-boomer and succeeding generations, cultural pessimism became pervasive. This ideology combined with the looting of Africa's natural resources by the financial predators of Wall Street and the City of London resulted in a policy of no development for Africa that has continued to the present.
Today Africa has the largest deficit of infrastructure per capita and per square kilometer on the planet. The lack of electrical power, railroads, water management, and modern highways is literally responsible for the deaths of millions of Africans each year. Only since the entrance of China into Africa in the past decade with its commitment to build physical infrastructure, have we witnessed a change in the dynamic on the continent.
Economic Science
It is no accident that the US and Europe have not contributed to the construction of vital infrastructure projects; it's their flawed policy. Infrastructure is not just one of several possible good ideas; rather it is an indispensable, irreplaceable ingredient to the success of any agro-industrial economy. Infrastructure drives an economy forward and upward by incorporating new scientific advances in technology that improve the productive powers of the workforce, yielding increased economic output of wealth for society. The most wicked and pernicious feature of the Zero-Growth ideology is the denial of the unique creativity of Mankind. For thousands and millions of years Mankind has transformed his surrounding environment to make it more propitious for human expansion. Like the discovery of "fire," a million years ago, the Neolithic revolution 12,000 years ago was a revolution in Mankind's knowledge of the universe and led to a population explosion. This non-linear growth pattern has been repeated many times over the last 10,000 years, as a result of the unique power of discovery by the human mind.
The essential underlying cause of the problems in Africa today is not over population, or loss of arable land, but underdevelopment. The failure to grasp this elementary concept by the New York Times and others is the reason for the abysmal conditions of life in Africa's that contributes to the easy recruitment to terrorist movements like Boko Haram in the Lake Chad Basin region.
False Axioms
For example, Gettleman cites the:
"overwhelming degradation of agricultural land throughout Africa, with one recent study showing that more than 40 million Africans are trying to survive off land whose agricultural potential is declining." He continues, "More than in any other region of the world, people in Africa live off the land. There are relatively few industrial or service jobs here. Seventy percent of Africa's population makes a living through agriculture, higher than on any other continent, the World Bank says. But as the population rises, with more siblings competing for their share of the family farm, the slices are getting thinner."
Why is agricultural potential of the land declining? Why are there relatively few manufacturing jobs? Why are the slices of land getting thinner?
The answer is not the Malthusian argument that Africans breed too fast and that this huge continent – almost three times the size of the continental US- has too many people trying to exist on a shrinking pie of arable land. The proper question to ask is; why after half century since the "Winds of Change" liberation from the colonial powers, Africans still do not enjoy the fruits of modern industrialized economies with a modern standard of living, instead of large pockets of abject poverty? Any poor-quality farm land, even the Sahara Desert, can be made productive with water. Less than 5% of cultivated land is irrigated In Africa. With manufacturing plants to build the irrigating machinery and sufficient energy to pump the water, millions of hectares of arable land can become fruitful. Nuclear powered desalination could provide fresh water from the Mediterranean and Red seas to the North African deserts. US farmers, among the most productive in the world, experienced huge increase in yields of food production including in the former desert of southern California by utilizing new technologies, fertilizers, irrigation, and abundant energy under President Franklin Roosevelt's economic recovery.
Why has the US and the West not assisted African nations in acquiring the necessary infrastructure and new technologies to expand its cultivated land and build a substantial manufacturing sector as part of an integrated modern economy. In his brief Presidency, John F Kennedy collaborated with President Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana to build the Volta Dam hydro-power and industrial smelting complex. This what we should have continued to do over the last 50 years, and if we had, Africa would look completely different than it does today.
Population Reduction Is Not the Solution
In the concluding section the article, the New York Times and its reporter reveal the depraved thinking of the Zeitgest of western culture; we have too many people using up the fixed natural resources of our planet.
"Africa's land pressures may seem overwhelming, maybe even unstoppable. But scientists say there are solutions within reach. For example, the continent has the highest fertility rates in the world, but more African governments are pushing contraceptives, saying the best answer for densely populated countries is smaller families.
'The problem is too many people, too many cattle and too little planning,' said Iain Douglas Hamilton, a wildlife activist in northern Kenya."
This view echoes Henry Kissinger's infamous "National Security Study Memorandum 200," written 1974-1976, which advocated reducing the population for "Third World" nations to guarantee an uninterrupted supply of vital natural resources to the West. For centuries, the British raciest imperialist school has targeted Africa's population as inferior and as an impediment to their access of Africa's precious minerals.
The birth a child can never be a problem for society. Each new human being, by the fact that it is human, intrinsically has the potential to contribute to new discoveries that can change the world, or contribute to the progress of society in more humble manner. Why not take up the challenge of developing the vast continent of Africa with its soon to be multi-billion population, and its rich untapped wealth? Presently we are witnessing the construction of desperately needed infrastructure on the Africa continent, with the assistance of China. Yet, Africa's requires hundreds of gigawatts of electrical power, East-West and South-North railroads, high speed trains connecting the capital of each nation, and much, much, more. If the US joins the new paradigm of China's "Belt and Road Initiative" and collaborates on eliminating poverty and hunger, and expanding Afrfia's unrealized agricultural potential, the continent will be able to sustain an expanding population at a standard of living commensurate with that of the advanced sector nations.
Let us act on the words of President Franklin Roosevelt, when he told his son at the Casablanca Conference during World War II, that if we divert water into the Sahara Desert: "It'd make the Imperial Valley in California look like a cabbage patch."


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Dunkaroos Are Coming Back and Millennials Are Freaking Out
This is the best news I've heard all year (even though it's only February). Part of my childhood is coming back and my millennial self can't wait to get to the store and buy some.
Do you remember Dunkaroos? Or, what I like to call the beginning of my journey into a "fat kid" since eating cookies dipped in frosting seemed like a solid pairing with my peanut butter and jelly.
Millennials, we all know that Dunkaroos were the top shelf when it came to lunchtime snacks. Anyone would trade their Oreos or bag of crushed up Cheez-Its for some Dunkaroos for lunch, right?
Dunkaroos first launched in 1990, according to Wikipedia, thanks to Betty Crocker. You may remember the different cookies paired with the frosting with weird colored things in it that I still couldn't tell you what they are. Well, sadly they were discontinued in 2012 in the United States, and I was today years old when I learned that I could've gotten them as close as 8 years ago. Just like a KinderEgg, people would smuggle Dunkaroos over the border until Canada lost them in 2018.
Now, friends, we have an update and some fantastic news. Dunkaroos are back. The company announced on their Twitter account that Vanilla Cookies and Vanilla Frosting with Rainbow Sprinkles will be coming back Summer of 2020, according to CNN.


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Think you can avoid glyphosate by buying organic? Think again. A new investigation by Tropical Traditions reveals that many products in the organic grain market in the U.S. contain glyphosate residue at levels almost the same as conventional grains.
Brian Shilhavy
Health Impact News Editor
With over 80% of the U.S. food supply now reportedly contaminated with the herbicide glyphosate, many people are turning to USDA certified organic products to avoid this toxic chemical. Current USDA NOP (National Organic Program) standards do not allow the use of the herbicide glyphosate on organic crops.
However, a new investigation by Tropical Traditions has revealed that the U.S. organic grain market is contaminated with glyphosate.
Tropical Traditions has sold organic grains for years. After reading new research about the issue of "crop desiccation" done by using glyphosate on wheat and other grains just prior to harvest, Tropical Traditions decided to first test some commercial wheat products with wheat grown in Montana, North Dakota, and Canada. They sent the commercial samples to a well-known and respected laboratory to test for glyphosate.
All tested positive for glyphosate residue. The range was from 0.07 mg/kg to 0.09 mg/kg. Keep in mind this is glyphosate found in non-GMO crops. For a GMO crop such as GMO soybeans, which are sprayed heavily with glyphosate, the range is typically between 3.3 and 5.7 mg/kg. (Source.)
Next, Tropical Traditions tested the USDA certified organic grains from suppliers they had been using, sourced mainly from western states such as Montana and Idaho. Sadly, the presence of glyphosate residue was found in organic wheat and other organic grains, including organic barley, oats, spelt, and einkorn. The range was from 0.03 to 0.06 mg/kg, just slightly lower than the conventional grains that were tested.
The only organic grains that tested clean were organic rye and organic millet. There was also one variety of organic wheat from small-scale farmers in Wisconsin that tested clean from glyphosate.
Why Should We be Concerned about Glyphosate?
Glyphosate is in 80% of our food supply in the U.S., and some scientists believe it may well be the most toxic chemical ever approved for commercial use. Glyphosate is now linked to kidney disease, antibiotic resistant bacteria, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, depression, ADHD, autism, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, ALS, multiple sclerosis, cancer, cachexia, infertility, and developmental malformations. It destroys the microbiome of humans and plants, which is the root cause of many modern diseases.
To learn more about the dangers of glyphosate, see:
Glyphosate Herbicide Causes Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria, Kidney Disease, and Infertility
Is Glyphosate Responsible for your Health Problems?
Common Weedkiller Used in Modern Agriculture Could be Main Factor in Gluten Intolerance
Gluten Intolerance and the Herbicide Glyphosate: A National Epidemic
MIT Researcher: Glyphosate Herbicide will Cause Half of All Children to Have Autism by 2025
The Glyphosate Grain Problem
Since commercial wheat and other grains today are NOT GMO plants, a direct spraying of an herbicide containing glyphosate would kill them. So how are these grains ending up with glyphosate residues in them?
Dr. Don Huber, Professor Emeritus of Plant Pathology at Purdue University, explains why:
There are two reasons that a farmer wants to [use glyphosate on non-GMO crops]. It is for late season weed control in situations where he has patches of green weeds in the field that came up late. [This is commonly done with wheat and barley.] It is a little slower to harvest when weeds are present.
The other reason involves late season snow. In the northern region such as in the Dakotas, in certain parts of Montana, and in the Prairies of Canada, there is a very short growing season. If it snows on the crop at harvest then you may lose the crop, because you can't get back into the field to do the harvest.
In these regions, 70% of the wheat and barley are desiccated with glyphosate before harvest. [This kills the plant so that it will wilt and dry]. Farmers don't want to take a risk in losing their entire wheat and barley crop, so they will take a cut in yield and quality by using glyphosate a few weeks before harvest, and then harvest the crop early.
Farmers don't realize how much they are contaminating that food or feed product when they do this. They will accept the cut [in quality and quantity of the crop], because that can buy them a week advantage in harvest. It's really more done for ease and planning. However, it is just the dumbest thing you could ever do from a health and safety standpoint.
In fact, beer brewers are having a problem with glyphosate. A few years ago, when one of my colleagues wanted to get more Abraxis test strips for testing materials for glyphosate residue, he was told that they had a 3 month backlog. He asked, what was causing this? He was told that every load of malt barley coming out of North Dakota has to be tested, because the glyphosate levels were so high that it kills the yeast in the brew mix. (Source.)
Anthony Samsel and Stephanie Seneff published as study titled: Glyphosate, pathways to modern diseases II: Celiac sprue and gluten intolerance in Interdiscip Toxicol. 2013; Vol. 6 (4): 159–184. They produced the following chart showing a correlation between glyphosate use on wheat and Celiac disease:
USDA Organic Standards Allow for Pesticide Residues
The USDA organic standards change so much that it is hard to keep up with what the latest standards are. For example, the EPA just increased the limit of glyphosate allowed in food in 2013, despite a loud public outcry. (See: EPA Raised Residue Limits of Monsanto's Glyphosate Herbicide). Tropical Traditions has learned that the USDA has now allowed a certain amount of pesticide and herbicide residue, including glyphosate, in USDA certified organic products as well.
So it was not too surprising to learn that the levels of glyphosate found in organic grain products were within the limits allowed by the USDA for organic certification, which is based on a percentage of the EPA allowable limits for pesticides and herbicides. The organic standards for pesticide residue can be found here.
The EPA establishes the maximum allowed levels of pesticides, or EPA tolerances, which may be present on foods. Although most EPA -registered pesticides are prohibited in organic production, there can be inadvertent or indirect contact from neighboring conventional farms or shared handling facilities. As long as the operator hasn't directly applied prohibited pesticides and has documented efforts to minimize exposure to them, the USDA organic regulations allow for residues of prohibited pesticides at or below 5 percent of the EPA tolerance.
Since the EPA standards for glyphosate are already very high, it was not surprising to find out that the levels of glyphosate residue Tropical Traditions was finding in USDA certified organic grains was well within their limits. If both the EPA standards and USDA organic standards were too low for pesticide residue, probably more than 90% of the U.S. food supply would not be eligible for sale. It would be too contaminated.
How is Glyphosate Residue Getting into Organically Grown Crops?
This is the big question that Tropical Traditions is researching now, as they work together with organic grain mills and suppliers to try to determine how this has happened. There are several possibilities.
The most alarming possibility is that glyphosate might be falling on crops through rainwater or irrigation. Some studies have actually shown that this is the case, particularly in the Mississippi River Basin. This is quite alarming, because it means all crops are suspect, not just grains.
Herbicide and pesticide drift is also a possibility. Many organic grains are grown in the same area where conventional grains are grown, and where desiccating with glyphosate is practiced. This is probably done by crop duster aircraft, and the herbicide is drifting. Other crops (besides grains) that Dr. Don Huber has stated use the practice of desiccating with glyphosate include: dry beans (chickpea, lupin, and faba), canola, field pea, flax, lentil, and soybeans.
Organic varieties of these crops might be in danger of containing glyphosate residue. Tropical Traditions has already removed products from its product line associated with these crops, pending further investigation, and verification by laboratory analysis that they are glyphosate-free. We are implementing our own Glyphosate-tested program that we will soon be applying to all foods that are threatened with glyphosate contamination, and seeking out farmers and suppliers committed to meeting our standard of ZERO percent glyphosate residue.
In Tropical Traditions' own testing of organic grains so far, they found that barley has among the highest levels of glyphosate of the organic crops, and this corresponds to conventional crops where the EPA has raised the limits of glyphosate in barley to a higher level than other grains. Beer drinkers beware! Not even organic beer is safe if it is produced in the U.S.
Epidemic Digestive Health Problems in U.S. – A CALL TO ACTION!
We are seeing unprecedented health issues in the U.S. today related to digestive health. Gluten intolerance diseases such as Celiac are probably just the tip of the iceberg. While the medical system wants to blame these conditions on genetics or food allergies, the truth is probably far simpler: our food has become contaminated and toxic, thanks to the chemical industry.
The EPA and USDA have protected the Biotech industry and their cocktail of chemicals at the expense of the health of our nation. Nobody chooses to eat GMO food or food contaminated with herbicides like glyphosate. These policies which have raised the limits and allowed new chemicals to enter the market with no independent research have betrayed the American consumer.
Action is needed to stem the tide of the U.S. federal government agencies that allow these chemicals to contaminate our food supply, and protect the companies who are earning billions of dollars in producing GMO seeds and toxic herbicides and pesticides.
If you live in a state that has a ballot initiative on Tuesday to label GMO products, please turn out to vote to have such measures passed. They are on the ballet in two states:
If these ballet measures pass will it force companies to start labeling products as GMO? Probably not. They will fight it out in the courts. But it will put a scare into the Biotech and Big Processed Food companies, knowing that consumers are waking up to this issue, and demanding GMO-free uncontaminated products.
[UPDATE: Both ballot measures failed, proving that consumers still do not understand the severity of this issue.]
Secondly, the power to change the system relies not on politicians, but upon YOU, the American consumer. Americans are among the least knowledgeable people in the world in understanding the production of food. We also spend the lowest percentage of our income on food compared to any other wealthy country. For more on this issue, please see: YOU the Taxpayer are Funding the Agri Business Takeover of our Food Supply. You cannot fight this issue if you don't know what the true problems are.
The American consumer is still the most powerful force in the U.S. to affect change. But it will not be easy. The federal government's assault on small-scale family farmers who desire to market products directly from the farm to the consumer is well documented here at Health Impact News. Billions of dollars are at stake, and a willing consumer is required for the system to continue as it is, with cheap subsidized mass-produced food full of toxins. You have a choice to NOT be part of that system, but it will take a lot of work.
Tropical Traditions and their new yet-to-be fully developed Healthy Traditions network will do its part to identify healthy food, including their new Glyphosate-tested verification program.
Tropical Traditions and the Healthy Traditions network will be working hard together with health-conscious producers and suppliers to provide nutritious uncontaminated food as an alternative to commodity food that is mass produced.
About the Author
Brian Shilhavy is the Senior Editor of Health Impact News, and the owner and founder of Tropical Traditions, Inc.


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The EFI Boot Stub¶
On the x86 and ARM platforms, a kernel zImage/bzImage can masquerade as a PE/COFF image, thereby convincing EFI firmware loaders to load it as an EFI executable. The code that modifies the bzImage header, along with the EFI-specific entry point that the firmware loader jumps to are collectively known as the "EFI boot stub", and live in arch/x86/boot/header.S and drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/x86-stub.c, respectively. For ARM the EFI stub is implemented in arch/arm/boot/compressed/efi-header.S and drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/arm32-stub.c. EFI stub code that is shared between architectures is in drivers/firmware/efi/libstub.
For arm64, there is no compressed kernel support, so the Image itself masquerades as a PE/COFF image and the EFI stub is linked into the kernel. The arm64 EFI stub lives in arch/arm64/kernel/efi-entry.S and drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/arm64-stub.c.
By using the EFI boot stub it's possible to boot a Linux kernel without the use of a conventional EFI boot loader, such as grub or elilo. Since the EFI boot stub performs the jobs of a boot loader, in a certain sense it IS the boot loader.
The EFI boot stub is enabled with the CONFIG_EFI_STUB kernel option.
How to install bzImage.efi¶
The bzImage located in arch/x86/boot/bzImage must be copied to the EFI System Partition (ESP) and renamed with the extension ".efi". Without the extension the EFI firmware loader will refuse to execute it. It's not possible to execute bzImage.efi from the usual Linux file systems because EFI firmware doesn't have support for them. For ARM the arch/arm/boot/zImage should be copied to the system partition, and it may not need to be renamed. Similarly for arm64, arch/arm64/boot/Image should be copied but not necessarily renamed.
Passing kernel parameters from the EFI shell¶
Arguments to the kernel can be passed after bzImage.efi, e.g.:
fs0:> bzImage.efi console=ttyS0 root=/dev/sda4
The "initrd=" option¶
Like most boot loaders, the EFI stub allows the user to specify multiple initrd files using the "initrd=" option. This is the only EFI stub-specific command line parameter, everything else is passed to the kernel when it boots.
The path to the initrd file must be an absolute path from the beginning of the ESP, relative path names do not work. Also, the path is an EFI-style path and directory elements must be separated with backslashes (). For example, given the following directory layout:
to boot with the initrd-large.img file if the current working directory is fs0:Kernels, the following command must be used:
fs0:\Kernels> bzImage.efi initrd=\Kernels\initrd-large.img
Notice how bzImage.efi can be specified with a relative path. That's because the image we're executing is interpreted by the EFI shell, which understands relative paths, whereas the rest of the command line is passed to bzImage.efi.
The "dtb=" option¶
For the ARM and arm64 architectures, a device tree must be provided to the kernel. Normally firmware shall supply the device tree via the EFI CONFIGURATION TABLE. However, the "dtb=" command line option can be used to override the firmware supplied device tree, or to supply one when firmware is unable to.
Please note: Firmware adds runtime configuration information to the device tree before booting the kernel. If dtb= is used to override the device tree, then any runtime data provided by firmware will be lost. The dtb= option should only be used either as a debug tool, or as a last resort when a device tree is not provided in the EFI CONFIGURATION TABLE.
"dtb=" is processed in the same manner as the "initrd=" option that is described above.


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This is the fifty-ninth installment in our fortnightly series of the Upcoming Online Rummy Tournaments schedule of different Top Indian Rummy Sites. This contains the main tournaments coming up in this one week June 09, 2022 - July 15, 2022.
As mentioned earlier in previous Parts the GTD amount may vary from tournament to tournament.
As you know Rummy is a game of skills for which you need good practice and skills. Play Rummy Online for Free on free practice platforms such as Gamentio to master your Rummy skills and increase your chances of winning. I hope you make some good cash, Have a Great Week ahead.


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Yama 6 - Dhriti, Steadfastness
Satguru Bodhinatha Veylanswami , 2003-06-10
Yama number 6 - dhriti, steadfastness. Willpower has to be used to be steadfast. Overcoming fear, and perseverance, are steadfastness. Gurudeva said, "consistency is the key to the conquest of karma." Dhriti is also important to progressing on the spiritual path. A clear purpose and plan is also important before persistence will work.
Unedited Transcript:
Back to our Yamas. Working on the Yamas, as you remember we did Patience, last time. A couple of weeks ago? More than a couple of weeks ago, we had Sadhu Paksha. Couple of months ago, we did Yama #5. So today, we are up to Yama #6 - Steadfastness, Dhriti.
The #6 Yama is - Dhriti, Steadfastness, overcoming non-perseverance, fear, indecision and changeableness. Gurudeva begins his 'Living with Siva' lesson by stressing that the success of steadfastness depends on willpower.
"To be steadfast you have to use your willpower. Willpower is developed easily in a person who has an adequate memory and good reasoning faculties. To be steadfast as we go through life, we must have a purpose, a plan, persistence and push. Then nothing is impossible within the circumference of our prarabdha karma. Observe those who are steadfast. You will learn from them. Observe those who are not, and they, too, will teach you. They will teach what you should not do. To be indecisive and changeable is not how we should be on the path to enlightenment, nor to be successful in any other pursuit. Non-perseverance and fear must be overcome and much effort is required to accomplish this."
The Tirukural has a chapter on this subject, entitled 'Perseverance', Chapter 62. Verse 612, gives a useful perspective on the importance of Perseverance.
"Beware of leaving any work undone, remembering that the world abandons those who abandon their work unfinished."
The Tirukural chapter states that perseverance creates prosperity, the ability to overcome misfortune and to be generous and charitable. It also states that the lack of perseverance brings shame, abandonment and misfortune.
One of Gurudeva's own Mahavakyam applies here as well. "Consistency is the key to the conquest of karma."
All of the Yamas are for the purpose of harnessing tendencies of our instinctive nature. The common example given is driving a wagon pulled by a team of horses. Without reins the driver would lose control, the horses would run wild and eventually the wagon would overturn. The reins that control the horses are like the Yamas that control the instinctive mind. We, the driver, can successfully control the instinctive mind through always utilizing the Yamas.
In the case of steadfastness, the instinctive quality we are harnessing is the tendency not to stick to what we start. We are consistently creating a new plan, working at it for a short while and then abandoning it and creating a new plan again.
Here is an example. We suffer from chronic back pain. We go to a physiotherapist and he gives us some exercise to do. We do them for one month and then stop. A few months later, we go to an Ayurvedic Doctor for the same back pain and he suggests some herbs. We manage to take these for two months before stopping. Six months later, we go to another physician and he suggests a still different remedy. You get the idea! Of course, the man still has the back pain. No progress has been made due to lack of steadfastness.
This happens in Hinduism as well. We visit one swami and he suggests we chant a mantra. We do this for a few months and stop. We visit another swami, a year later and he suggests meditating on the inner light. We do this for a while and stop. This, of course, produces no tangible progress in our spiritual life due to lack of perseverance.
Let us look now at some of the reasons for non-perseverance.
A common reason for not preserving with an undertaking is that the original decision was an emotional whim rather than a well-thought-through plan.
Here is an example. We have lunch with a colleague at work who shares with us how he purchased a second home and is renting it out and earning excellent extra income, enough to take his family on pilgrimage to India last month. You think this idea is great. Wouldn't it be wonderful to be able to take your family on pilgrimage to India as well! You immediately purchase a second home and rent it out. After a year, you realize the price you paid was too high and you are earning less than the cost of the home. The enterprise is actually lowering your savings for the pilgrimage rather than increasing it. Therefore, you have to sell the house and incur a loss.
What went wrong? The initial decision was flawed. It was based on a passing emotion rather than a well-conceived plan. This problem can be avoided by taking time to make decisions, carefully gather all the facts. Talk in person to others who are successful at the enterprise. Share all this information with family and friends. Pray to Lord Ganesha for guidance. Put all this information in a detailed plan and ask for your preceptor's blessings on the plan.
There is also a sutra from Gurudeva that is quite related. "Siva's devotees approach each enterprise with deliberate thoughtfulness and act only after careful consideration. They succeed in every undertaking by having a clear purpose, a wise plan, persistence and push."
The ideas of deliberate thoughtfulness and careful consideration are just what we have been looking at. What the sutra adds is that we need, first of all, a clear purpose. What is our goal is pursuing this endeavor? Why are we thinking about doing this?
Sometimes we embark on an endeavor without a clear purpose. For example, our best friend starts to study Bharatanatyam, so we start as well. After five months, we conclude that this is too much work and give it up. Our reason for pursuing it was not solid enough, the fact that our best friend took it up. To stick to an undertaking, we need for it to be meaningful to our life, not to someone else's.
An essential part of steadfastness is overcoming changeableness. Changeableness means indecision, not be decisive. How can we discriminate between this and the strength of a person who changes his or her mind in wisdom because of changes of circumstances?
The person who is changeable, is fickle and unsure of himself, changing without purpose or reason.
Dhriti, Steadfastness describes the mind that is willing to change for mature reasons based on new information, that holds steadily to its determination, through thick and thin in the absence of such good reasons. Its decisions are based on wise discrimination. Having made a solid decision in the first place, only reconsider it in light of new information.
It is impossible to be steadfast if we are not obeying the other restraints that the Rishis of the Himalayas laid down for us as the fruits of their wisdom. All of these restrains build character. Dhriti, Steadfastness rests on the foundation of good character.
Gurudeva defines character as the ability to act with care. This is built slowly, over time with the help of relatives, preceptors and good-hearted friends. To be steadfast, you have to use your willpower. Willpower is developed easily in a person who has an adequate memory and good reasoning faculties.
Nandinatha Sutra 10 tells us, "Siva's devotees by remaining steadfast on the path, upholding the yamas and niyamas and relying on their indomitable will, move the forces of the world and are not moved or affected by them."
What does Gurudeva mean by an indomitable will?
Willpower is the channeling of all energies toward one given point for a given length of time. This can be brought out from the within, in everything that we do through the day. It is channelling the rarified energies of the body, of awareness itself, into attention and concentration upon everything that we do through the day.
How can this be cultivated? Gurudeva gives us two keys in 'Merging with Siva', to cultivating willpower.
"It can be cultivated by finishing and doing well, every task that we undertake."
That is both keys in one sentence.
It can be cultivated by finishing and doing well every task that we undertake. In fact, done a little better than our expectations.
First, finish each task. Second, do it well.
Nothing is done with half our mind thinking about something else. Nothing is dropped in the middle. Developing these two important habits produces an indomitable willpower.
Another reason for lacking steadfastness, is that even though we have a purpose, a clear goal, the goal is not realistic. We have set it too high. Therefore, we do not achieve it in a reasonable amount of time and give up.
Here is an example. A sincere seeker sets the goal of realizing the Self in three years. Go for it! First year, practicing Charya. Second year, focusing on Kriya. Third year, mastering Yoga. At the end of the third year, he will become a Jnani through Self Realization.
This, of course, is not realistic. Such an approach can cause the seeker to give up the spiritual path all together. Therefore, be sure to be realistic in the goals you set. Be sure to ask others knowledgeable in that field, if your goal is realistic before you finalize the goal.
Encountering obstacles is still another reason some choose not to persevere. There is a false concept held by some that, "If my endeavor encounters an obstacle, then Lord Ganesha is telling me what I am pursuing is not the right course of action. I should stop trying and rethink the entire project."
Gurudeva's teaching is that the more ambitious a project is, the more obstacles will be encountered. Therefore, if your goal is a grand one, before you even start, anticipate encountering significant obstacles. When you do, it is not discouraging.
"Preserving firmness of mind during periods of gain or loss of relatives" is the way Dhriti is described in the Sandilya Upanishad. This implies that during times of sorrow, difficult karmas, loss and temptation, when in mental pain and anguish, feeling alone and neglected, we can persevere, be decisive and bring forth the dhriti strength within us and thus prevail.
One translator of the Varuha Upanishad used the word, courage, to translate dhriti. "Courageous and fearless people who are just and honest prevail over all karmas, benevolent, terrible and confused."
This virtue is much like the monk's vow of humility, part of which is enduring hardship with equanimity, ease of mind, which means not panicking.
The Tirukural reminds us, "It is the nature of asceticism to patiently endure hardship and to not harm living creatures."
In fact, Gurudeva describes dhriti as a hard ship. Ready for this? "A ship that can endure and persevere on its course even when tossed about on the waves of a turbulent sea." A hard ship, that is a good one!
Some might wonder why it is good to passively endure hardship. To persevere through hardship one must understand, as all Hindus do, that any hardship coming to us we ourselves participated in setting into motion in the past. To endure hardship and rise above it in consciousness is to overcome that karma forever. To resent hardship, to fight it, is to have it return later at a most inconvenient time.
A person who is patient and truthful, who would not harm others by thought, word or deed and who is compassionate and honest has the strong nature of one who is firm in dhriti, steadfastness. He is the prevailer over obstacles. One firm in dhriti can be leaned upon by others, depended upon. He is charitable, has faith in God, Gods, and Guru, worships daily and manifests in his life a spiritual will and intellect. In relaxed moments, he experiences santosha, contentment, not being preoccupied by feelings of responsibility, duties or things left undone.
The spiritual path is a long, enduring process. It does not reach fruition in a year or even two years. The spiritual path brings lots of ups and downs, and the greatest challenges will come to the greatest souls. With this in mind, it becomes clear that steadfastness and perseverance are absolutely essential on the spiritual path to be successful.
In conclusion, foster steadfastness, overcoming non-perseverance, fear, indecision and changeableness. Achieve your goals with a prayer, purpose, plan, persistence, and push. Be firm in your decisions. Avoid sloth and procrastination. Develop willpower, courage and industriousness, overcome obstacles. Never carp or complain. Do not let opposition or fear of failure result in changing strategies.
Aum Namah Sivaya.


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text: N.R. Jenzen-Jones A video posted to YouTube on 29 October 2015 shows two Russian-made MRO-A rocket launchers and a Soviet or Russian RPO-A recoilless weapon. According to the video, the weapons were captured by Ajnad al-Sham from Syrian government positions near Skaik village, in Hama governorate. Markings on one of the MRO-A launch tubes indicate


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Use code SUMMERSANTA for 25% off & free shipping on $45+
Reclaim Your Time, Money, Well-Being, and Happiness Through Intuitive Eating
Read by Christy Harrison
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This item is a preorder. Your payment method will be charged immediately, and the product is expected to ship on or around December 24, 2019. This date is subject to change due to shipping delays beyond our control.
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Reclaim your time, money, health, and happiness from our toxic diet culture with groundbreaking strategies from a registered dietitian, journalist, and host of the Food Psych podcast.
68 percent of Americans have dieted at some point in their lives. But upwards of 90% of people who intentionally lose weight gain it back within five years. And as many as 66% of people who embark on weight-loss efforts end up gaining more weight than they lost. If dieting is so clearly ineffective, why are we so obsessed with it?The culprit is diet culture, a system of beliefs that equates thinness to health and moral virtue, promotes weight loss as a means of attaining higher status, and demonizes certain ways of eating while elevating others. It's sexist, racist, and classist, yet this way of thinking about food and bodies is so embedded in the fabric of our society that it can be hard to recognize. It masquerades as health, wellness, and fitness, and for some, it is all-consuming.
In Anti-Diet, Christy Harrison takes on diet culture and the multi-billion-dollar industries that profit from it, exposing all the ways it robs people of their time, money, health, and happiness. It will turn what you think you know about health and wellness upside down, as Harrison explores the history of diet culture, how it's infiltrated the health and wellness world, how to recognize it in all its sneaky forms, and how letting go of efforts to lose weight or eat "perfectly" actually helps to improve people's health—no matter their size. Drawing on scientific research, personal experience, and stories from patients and colleagues, Anti-Diet provides a radical alternative to diet culture, and helps readers reclaim their bodies, minds, and lives so they can focus on the things that truly matter.
"Nutritionist Harrison, host of the podcast Food Psych, debuts with this impassioned and articulate plea for readers to reject 'diet culture' and reclaim their lives...Harrison's enlightening, heretical tract provides a new perspective on the dieting narrative which many take as gospel truth."Publishers Weekly
"Anti-Diet is the 'diet' book you need to read headed into 2020. If you've been gearing up to embark on yet another diet, protocol, reset or reboot come Jan. 1, I have a different suggestion: Hit the pause button on that plan and read Christy Harrison's book. Harrison, a registered dietitian and journalist, thoroughly and elegantly lays out the strange origins of modern diet culture...then presents a path to truly holistic health that's based on self-care, not self-control."Carrie Dennett, The Seattle Times
"Brilliant! Anti-Diet should be required reading for every health professional and in every health-related class. Harrison bridges the gap between intuitive eating and social justice issues in an engaging and compassionate way. She exposes toxic diet culture -- its evolution, who profits by it, and how it hurts you. Written with a friendly touch of sass, Anti-Diet, is richly sourced with studies, stats, and expert interviews. I highly recommend this book to help you dismantle diet culture and to heal your own relationship with food, mind, and body."Evelyn Tribole, coauthor of Intuitive Eating
"A huge burden has been lifted: I no longer have to revise my first book to reflect current understanding! Christy Harrison beat me to it. I'm blown away by how good Anti-Diet is. Using a social justice lens, well-researched and smart science, captivating storytelling, and practical advice, this book will help you reclaim your life from the throttle of diet culture."Linda Bacon, author of Health at Every Size, co-author of Body Respect
"This book will change the way you see the world and live your life forever. Thank God for Christy Harrison."Jes Baker, author of Things No One Will Tell Fat Girls
"As compassionate as it is scholarly, Christy Harrison's Anti-Diet goes deep to expose the sordid underbelly of the diet culture but it doesn't leave you there. With healing-oriented strategies that address our physical, emotional, and social selves, you will finish this book armed with ways to reclaim all that dieting has taken from you, and gain a new perspective that is empowering and sustainable."Jenna Hollenstein, MS, RDN, CDN, author of Eat to Love
"VICTORY! Christy Harrison epically takes down diet culture and explains why the cards are stacked against all of us who still believe a smaller body is the only way to improve health and create a better life. Diet culture sucks, but you can take meaningful action: Read this book. Stop dieting. Start being good to yourself."Rebecca Scritchfield RDN, author of Body Kindness
"If you've ever wondered how we landed in this current wellness-obsessed, sugar-and-gluten-fearing moment of entrenched food anxiety, Anti-Diet is a must-read. Christy Harrison traces the history of modern diet culture, busts deeply rooted myths and exposes the inherent biases of modern weight research. She also offers clear, practical advice for all of us trying to disentangle ourselves from diets and make peace with food."Virginia Sole-Smith, author of The Eating Instinct
"Most diet and wellness books claim to address mind, body and spirit, but in fact they are just about body. Thank goodness for Christy Harrison, whose empathetic book reveals oppressive diet culture for what it truly is, and offers a genuinely holistic alternative."Alan Levinovitz, author of The Gluten Lie
"Please read this book! Anti-Diet is the book to end all diet books, and will be a game changer for so many people. Christy is an expert on this subject and leaves no stone unturned in exposing how insidious and harmful diet culture is -- and teaching readers how to opt-out of the madness."Caroline Dooner, author of The F*ck It Diet
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Visit St. John's
Welcome to the Church of the Open Door.
Come and join us as we grow in love for God
and one another.
Welcome to the Church of the Open Door.
Come and join us as we grow in love for God
and one another.
St. John's Spiritual Life Groups nurture the spirit in intentional communities.
In the wider community, we advocate for hunger relief, safe housing, and accessible health services. We pursue our mission through local and global partnerships, personal service, supportive prayer, and financial contributions.
We believe God is revealed in many ways, primarily through Scripture, the wisdom of the church and its history, and our own reason and experience. These are the "tools" we use to search for God.
Wherever you may be in your spiritual journey, we welcome you!
The music program at St. John's engages people of all ages in a wide range of musical possibilities. Our ensembles provide a sense of belonging, a place where people care about one another. Together we discover what it means to sing and rejoice in the Lord through music.
The ministry of pastoral care is shared by every member of our parish. As Christians in community, we care for one another.
St. John's ongoing impact relies on you — our parishioners — to commit time, talent, and financial support, to sustain the ministries that improve the lives of our members and the communities we support.
We are so glad you found your way to St John the Evangelist Episcopal Church. Whether you are a long time Episcopalian or have never stepped foot in a church, we welcome you!
Copyright © 2020 St. John the Evangelist Episcopal Church
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Parker Posey is exhausted. We're inside a condo besieged by faux-rustic detail off Main Street in Park City, Utah, and she's slumped over atop a stone fireplace in front of a roaring blaze—like a Sundance throne of sorts for the "Queen of the Indies," as she was dubbed in 1996. Her black boots dangle over a tiger-striped rug draped over the wooden floor. Despite appearing in more than 30 independent films in the '90s, and having more than a dozen movies premiere at Sundance, its been five years since she's had a movie screen at the mecca of indie cinema. But Posey is back in the mountains to promote her new film, Price Check, boasting one of her juiciest roles in years.
And that's not all she's doing here. Posey popped up as the guest of honor during Joseph Gordon-Levitt's much-ballyhooed hitRECord: A Night at the Movies event during Sundance. Sauntering onstage, she grabbed a microphone and gave her royal seal of approval: "This is very independent, I approve," before engaging in a quasi-philosophical discussion with the host over what makes an indie film—(500) Days of Summer does not make the cut, according to Posey—and participating in a reading of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, along with Gordon-Levitt and Brady Corbet. She was also set to host Sundance's awards ceremony but had to back out at the last minute due to a sudden illness.
According to Posey, the Sundance Film Festival has changed a great deal over the years since the heyday of indie cinema—the '90s. Now the strange mélange of indie zest and corporate interests resembles, she says, an episode of The Twilight Zone.
"You do these photographs in these [gifting suites], and someone came up to me and said, 'Hello. Can I give you this leather bag?'" Posey says. "I said, 'No, I don't need a bag. I already have one.' It was a room as big as a hotel room but there was a lemonade stand, a Chex Mix, a martini bar, mints, and then this bag. I move along, and then the guy behind the bar says, 'Hi. Can I take a picture of you shaking a vodka martini?' Again, I said, 'No.' It's so weird."
Price Check, a modest little film by Michael Walker that was shot in 18 days on a budget of $500,000, definitely qualifies as an indie. Posey plays Susan, a frantic, newly hired powerhouse executive at a supermarket chain who hopes to change the company's sorry culture. She enlists Pete Cozy (Eric Mabius), a happily married father—and unhappily employed worker—as her boy Friday, offering him a huge raise to help settle his outstanding debt. However, as Pete becomes more and more of a "yes man" to his dynamo boss, he finds himself losing track of who he really wants to be.
Walker's film is the type of movie that Sundance was once known for—a microbudgeted indie that succeeds thanks to solid writing and winning performances. And whether she's banging an underling in the broom closet of the office Halloween party or yelling at the top of her lungs into her phone, Posey chews up the office scenery as Susan in one of her most full-bodied, hysterical roles in years.
"I was looking forward to playing a strong woman and a powerful person because it had been a long time since I had," Posey says. "And I wasn't feeling particularly strong during that time because it was tough times. I wasn't getting a lot of work since the independent scripts that used to come to me were going to bigger celebrities. So in my off time, I watched, observed, talked with people, and waited, hoping that someone came along and I could bring my point of view."
The role of Susan seems like a full-circle one for the 43-year-old Posey, who made her feature film debut as Darla, a power-tripping, haze-happy cheerleading captain in 1993's Dazed and Confused. In many ways, Susan comes off like Darla-gone-corporate, but Posey envisioned a different future for her first film character.
"It's really funny," Posey says, "I always thought Darla would move to San Francisco. I just always saw her there. Darla thrives on the drama, but I think she's aware of the drama and is playing at it. Susan is seducing people into her fantasy world, so she's more of a Svengali-type." Posey pauses. "I think Darla is probably [dramatic] when she's home, too, just always acting out."
Dazed and Confused has, over the years, grown to become one of the most celebrated films of the '90s. It's now required viewing for high school and college students, and its iconic smiley-face poster is plastered on the walls of dorm rooms across the country. According to Posey, people still yell "AIR RAID!"—Darla's command during the movie's memorable hazing scene—at her every so often ("I think I'm going to make a Christmas card out of it!" she jokes). Her eyes do seem to light up though when we talk about the strong legacy of the film.
"I think it just tapped into a mood, almost like The Catcher in the Rye does, but in movie form. It's a spirit and an attitude," said Posey, who is also quite surprised by how girls at high schools across the country have come to imitate the film's hazing ritual on incoming freshman. "It's crazy! My aunt in Texas, when she did the hazing things, they had girls swallow oysters. They'd wrap an oyster in dental floss, swallow them, and then pull them back up." She adds, "But it becomes a way to sublimate all those feelings you're repressing. Darla was really playing a role, and just having fun."
As far as her effectiveness at playing hysterical, power-tripping women is concerned, Posey says that her inspiration for playing these roles comes from observing her own family.
"I'm a good girl, you know?" Posey says with a smile. "But I'm from the South and there are some powerful women down there, and very theatrical. My grandmother is this amazingly theatrical woman. She acted like a movie star, as far as looks and attitude, kind of like Susan Hayward."
Posey, it seems, has mixed feelings about her Queen of the Indies title. Despite being a powerhouse leading lady in celebrated indie films like Party Girl, The House of Yes, and Broken English, she's been relegated to sidekick roles in Hollywood, as in You've Got Mail or Superman Returns. It is, to some degree, of her own making. After the critical success of 1994's Party Girl, it was reported that Posey accepted a pair of indie supporting roles—against the advice of her management at the time.
"They love putting me in the 'indie queen' box. I had some high standards in my 20s that I don't have anymore." She laughs nervously. "Let's be honest, I don't have them anymore! Hire me. It's great to be here now though because it's reinvigorating me. It was fun to play Susan. She's bold."
As far as supporting roles in indies are concerned, Posey is a key member of filmmaker Christopher Guest's movie comedy troupe that's been featured in four hilarious satires: Waiting for Guffman, Best in Show, A Mighty Wind, and For Your Consideration. Since the last of these was released in 2006, Posey is anxious to get the gang back together for another go, and has a clever idea in mind.
"I talk to Bob Balaban and I'm like, "Have you heard from Chris?" I hope I'm in the next movie!" Posey exclaims. "I think it would be fun to do a silent movie about the transition of a vaudevillian troupe to silent film. I came up with this years ago"—before The Artist—"and told Chris about it after I read this book on Fatty Arbuckle. It was just such a demeaning thing to do, being in silent movies. They'd call you up and tell you, 'Hey, jump off this building!' and they'd give you a hundred bucks and you'd do it."
Christopher Guest projects aside, Posey has a few interesting projects in the pipeline. In addition to Price Check, she's returning to the hit CBS series The Good Wife, and will appear on an arc of comedian Louis C.K.'s critically hailed F/X series, Louie, sometime in February. She is, however, still looking for a steady-paying job and, like the recession-themed Price Check, laments the seemingly low demand for indie films in an overcrowded marketplace.
"There's a lot of us suffering in the arts at the hands of what's happening to our culture," Posey says. "Where film was really respected in the '90s, when [the computer] came along, and all the things it can seduce you into, we see the rise of celebrities and the rise of reality stars, the resentment against celebrities and reality stars. There are just so many more screens." She pauses. "But that's OK. We're going to evolve."


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The career paths of faculty into the upper ranks of the profession have changed over the past 50 years, as degrees from top-tier universities have diminished a bit in value, and expectations for publication have increased throughout academia. While faculty from an expanding array of doctoral programs are finding their way into the senior ranks, faculty who cannot publish a second or third monograph—often even at 4-year colleges with teaching missions—appear more likely to find themselves "stuck" at the associate professor level, or locked out of the upper ranks of the profession altogether.
These findings are based on a wide-ranging survey of 2,240 associate and full professors in the United States and Canada. The survey, conducted in spring 2011, was intended to provide a broad understanding of the challenges and hurdles overcome by scholars in the upper ranks of the profession.1 The dataset has some flaws, as the AHA's Directory of History Departments and Organizations, which provided the survey population, contains a disproportionate number of research universities and only a small fraction of the community colleges with history faculty. But the mix of institutions in the survey does reflect the aspirational goals of students in PhD programs, who overwhelmingly look toward to careers at institutions focused on research.2
Getting off to a Good Start
Not surprisingly, a degree from a well-established and highly rated program appears to play a vital part in getting an academic career off to a good start: more than two-thirds of the respondents had earned their degrees at a top-rated school.
Among senior faculty hired before 1991, 69.6 percent received their degrees from one of the 27 institutions rated in the top quarter of the National Research Council's 1995 rankings of history PhD programs—and just 10 institutions accounted for 46.9 percent of the respondents to the survey. But that pattern has changed slightly over the past two decades. Among faculty hired since 1991, only 60.6 percent earned their degrees at a top-ranked institution, and the top 10 institutions conferred only 34.2 percent of the degrees (Figure 1).3
Figure 1: NRC Ranking and Location of History Programs in Institutions Conferring PhD on Senior Faculty, by Year Hired
The diminished proportion of senior faculty from top-tier programs partially reflects the widening pool of programs conferring PhDs, as 94 other institutions conferred a PhD on at least one of the respondents. Students from top-tier institutions continue to have a clear advantage, however, as their representation in the senior ranks of the profession remains more than 50 percent higher than their numbers among the doctoral degrees conferred in the discipline. The top quartile of institutions in the NRC rankings conferred 46.2 percent of the domestic PhDs in the discipline from 1961 to 1990, and awarded 38.8 percent of the history PhDs in the years since.
Foreign institutions and programs outside of traditional history departments also play a significant role in the employment market for history. Among the survey respondents, 6.5 percent earned their degrees from a foreign university, and 10.1 percent reported a degree from another program at a domestic institution—particularly in the fields of American studies/civilization, the history of science, and medieval studies.
For students from institutions outside the top-tier, it appears institutions classified as master's-level colleges and universities offer the best path into the discipline, as 52.7 percent of their senior faculty held degrees from the top tier of programs. In comparison, among respondents at research universities 74.3 percent earned their degrees at one of the top 27 institutions in the rankings, fairly close to the 69.1 percent of the respondents at baccalaureate institutions.
Career Mobility
Regrettably, the survey did not ask the respondents for significant details about the transition between their degree and their first appointment as an assistant professor, leaving an important gap in our understanding of the full career path. We only know that on average, the respondents found their first position as an assistant professor at the age of 33, and that the average age has increased in each of the past three decades.
Respondents hired since 2000 were on average 35.7 years old at the time of their first tenure-track appointment, as compared to the average age of 34.7 years among those hired from 1991 to 2000, and 33.3 years among those hired between 1981 and 1990. The rising age threshold for entering assistant professors (and thus the increasing time on the job market) is reflected in part in the growing number of postdoctoral fellowships and adjunct positions that now serve as a temporary bridge between a degree and the tenure track.4
After making it over the hurdle to that first tenure-track appointment, faculty members who successfully reached the rank of associate professor spent an average of 6.1 years on the tenure track. Respondents who then moved on to full professorships, did so an average of 7.6 years after their promotion to associate.
Given the scope of the survey, it is impossible to determine the characteristics of faculty members who failed to advance to the associate level, but the publication of one or more monographs was a critical marker in advancement through the profession—even at teaching institutions. Overall, respondents at the associate level reported they had published an average of 1.2 monographs and 6.5 refereed articles, while full professors reported an average of 2.7 monographs and 15.9 refereed articles.
Even at teaching-oriented institutions, such as baccalaureate colleges, the faculty members reported high levels of scholarly production. Associate professors at baccalaureate institutions reported an average of 1.0 monographs and 3.8 peer reviewed articles, while full professors indicated an average of 2.2 monographs and 10.3 articles. In comparison, among respondents at research universities, the associates reported an average of 1.3 monographs and 7.3 articles, while professors reported 3.1 monographs and 19.3 articles.
The number of publications closely correlated to the amount of time the respondents spent moving through the ranks (Figure 2). Faculty members who had been at the associate professor level for eight years or more reported an average of one-third fewer publications than counterparts in the same age cohort who had moved up to the professor level. Overall, faculty members who had been at the associate professor level for more than eight years reported an average of only 1.2 monographs at the time of the survey, as compared to an average of 2.7 books among faculty members who had achieved the rank of professor. In comparison, professors who achieved the rank in less than 7 years had published an average of 3.1 books, as compared to 2.2 books among those promoted after eight years or more.
Figure 2: Average Number of Career Publications by History Professors, Based on Time to Rank
The differences in publication rates were pretty consistent across the different institution types, as faculty who had taken longer than average to achieve the rank of professor reported a smaller number of publications than the faculty members who had moved between the ranks more quickly. And faculty who had been stuck at the associate professor level for 15 years or more, averaged even fewer books and articles than those who had earned promotion in their age cohort.
The high value given to the products of research over other forms of activity was evident in a series of qualitative questions, which asked respondents about the perceived value of different types of activity for tenure and promotion at their institutions. Print monographs were rated as "highly valued" by 74 percent of the respondents—and "not valued" by only 2.2 percent. The only other activity rated as highly valued by a majority of the respondents was the publication of articles in print journals (highly valued for 64.8 percent of the respondents). The other activities that came close, in the estimation of the respondents, were teaching (rated as highly valued by 48.8 percent of the respondents) and grants (rated high by 46.1 percent).
The respondents generally dismissed other forms of activity. Department service was highly rated by just 9.5 percent of the respondents; articles and books for general audiences were significantly valued by less than 10 percent each; publication of online monographs earned high marks from 10.4 percent of the respondents; and the development of online courses for distance education was highly rated by just 4.3 percent.5
Only a few of the responses varied depending on the type of institution (Figure 3). At Baccalaureate colleges, 87.4 percent indicated that teaching was highly valued, as compared to 28.8 percent of the faculty at research universities. The gap between their evaluations of research, however, was not as wide, as 61.1 percent of the respondents at baccalaureate institutions reported the publication of print monographs was highly valued, compared to 84.6 percent who said the same at research universities.
Figure 3: Perceived Value of Particular Activities for Promotion and Tenure at Institution, by Carnegie Type
The respondents made clear that other activities are given very little credit in their departments. The respondents reported relatively little experience with digital publishing, and with few exceptions, they consistently rated digital publications—from monographs to online teaching—as holding little value in the tenure and promotion process.
Aside from the evident tangible effects of publications and teaching on a tenure and promotion portfolio, some faculty members have materially advanced their careers by moving between institutions. But the survey respondents indicated that such moves were relatively rare after the initial appointment to the tenure track.
Just over a quarter of the respondents (28.0 percent) reported that they had moved between institutions at least once after they received their first appointment as assistant professor. Almost one in five respondents (17.6 percent) shifted institutions while at the rank of assistant professor, and 15.8 percent reported shifting between institutions while at the associate professor rank.
From past surveys about tenure practices in the departments, we know that around 85 percent of the assistant professors who come up for tenure will receive it, but that does not account for faculty who left the department before their tenure portfolio moved forward. Based on the experiences of the respondents, it appears that faculty members who are delayed on their path to tenure are more likely to be hobbled throughout their career. One-fifth of the faculty members who took longer than the norm to earn tenure took longer than average to move from the associate to full professor position or remained stuck at the associate level altogether.
A Wide Gap between Time and Value
Even though respondents indicated that publications were more highly valued than teaching for career advancement, they reported that most of their time during the school year was spent on instruction-related activities. As one respondent noted, "publishing is the main standard of evaluation for advancement but the time demands of teaching and committee work are very heavy."
On average, the respondents spent 30.9 hours each week on teaching and instructional activities. That compares to an average of just 9.7 hours per week on research related activities, 11.1 on service to their department and institution, and another 1.9 hours on other forms of professional service (such as serving as peer reviewer for a journal or as officer in a society). Respondents also estimated that they spent an average of 6.8 additional hours per week on child and elder care.
Surprisingly, excluding faculty in administrative positions, the estimated time spent on instruction was almost identical at both the associate and full professor levels, as associate professors reported an average of 31.8 hours per week on teaching-related activities, as compared to 30.2 hours by full professors (Figure 4). The largest differences were in time spent on research (8.4 hours among associate professors, 10.6 hours among full professors), and time spent on family care (11.2 hours among associates and 3.6 hours among professors).
Figure 4: Estimated Time Senior Historians Spent each Week on Select Activities, by Rank
Faculty at research universities spent almost 20 percent less time on instruction-related activities than faculty at other types of institutions. Associate professors at research universities spent an average of 29.6 hours per week working with or for their students, as compared to 34.4 at Master's-level institutions and 36.5 at baccalaureate institutions.
The time allotments among the respondents also seemed to differ based on the institution that conferred their doctorates. Faculty members with doctorates from programs in the top-tier of the rankings spent an average of 29.9 hours on instruction, while professors from programs ranked in the bottom quartile of the NRC rankings averaged 35.3 hours on instruction and instruction-related activities. The difference is partially attributable to the more teaching-intensive types of institutions that tend to hire faculty from lower-ranked programs, and partially due to the larger proportion of faculty from lower-ranked programs still at an early stage in their careers.
Within the ranks, the variations were much smaller. At the associate professor level, for instance, faculty from top-tier programs reported an average of 31.0 hours per week on teaching, while faculty from institutions in the bottom quartile averaged 32.3 hours per week. Curiously, however, associate professors from top-tier programs reported spending slightly less time on research compared to their counterparts from lower-ranked programs (at an average of 8.7 hours per week compared to 9.8 hours).
Overall, the respondents were exceptionally satisfied with most aspects of their jobs and careers. Over 70 percent of the survey respondents reported satisfaction with the level of control they have over their courses (95.5 percent), their workloads (72.5 percent), their colleagues (80.3 percent), and their opportunities for advancement (84.7 percent).
But the respondents were more ambivalent about the time available to stay current in their fields and the leadership of their institutions. Only a slight majority of the respondents expressed satisfaction with the time they had available to "stay current with developments in the field." And a particularly large proportion, 14.6 percent, reported that they were very dissatisfied on this score. This seemed to be a particular concern among faculty members with larger than average teaching loads.
And 55.7 percent of the respondents expressed dissatisfaction with the "effectiveness of academic leadership" at their institution, with 26.6 percent reporting they were "very dissatisfied" on this issue. Judging from some of the related comments, the dissatisfaction arose at least partially from leaders' handling of the recent financial crisis and its impact on their institutions. But a number of the respondents also pointed to their leaders' interpretation of family and medical leave policies, and more generally in providing support for their academic careers.
The highest levels of dissatisfaction were aimed at students—with 69.2 percent of the respondents expressing dissatisfaction with their undergraduate students, and 67.3 percent reporting some dissatisfaction with their graduate students. Despite the generally negative impression they had of their students, a majority—albeit a rather narrow majority of 56.6 percent—indicated that the quality of undergraduate education had not declined in the previous 10 years.
Nevertheless, a number of respondents cited poor student quality as an impediment to their own careers. One respondent indicated that career advancement was hindered by a "relatively heavy teaching load," and declared, "increasingly poorly prepared students have necessitated that I spend ever greater amounts of time on preparing courses, assessment of student work, and remediation of student work in my teaching."
Despite these concerns, the respondents gave very high marks to their jobs overall, with 41.2 percent reporting they were somewhat satisfied with their jobs, and 46.5 percent reporting they were very satisfied. Only 2.2 percent of the respondents reported they were very dissatisfied.
But looking forward, a number of the respondents expressed pessimism about the future of the discipline. In the words of one, "as I near retirement, my greatest concern is that my younger colleagues will be working on a campus where budgetary cutbacks make it impossible for them to have the experience that I have had."
Who Were the Survey Respondents?
The respondents reflect the demographics of senior faculty at history departments in 4-year colleges and universities. Among the respondents, 57.5 percent held the rank of professor, and another 41.1 percent held the rank of associate professor. The remainder classified themselves as administrators, emeritus, or not all.
Senior faculty members are still primarily members of the baby boom generation, and 66.7 percent of the respondents were born from 1945 to 1965. Only 14.8 percent of the respondents were born before 1945 and 18.5 percent were born after 1965.
Reflecting the demographics of history departments, women comprised 38.0 percent of the respondents, though their ranks have grown substantially across the generations—rising from 23.3 percent of the faculty members born before 1945 to 43.9 percent of the senior faculty born since 1965. The ethnic composition of the respondents reflects less change, as 89.4 percent of the respondents born before 1945 were white, as compared to 84.6 percent of the respondents born since 1965.
Institutionally, a majority of the respondents (50.9 percent) reported employment at institutions in the U.S. classified as research universities. Another 11.7 percent of the respondents were employed at Baccalaureate colleges, and 22.8 percent were at Master's level colleges and universities. Of the remainder, 5.1 percent of the respondents were at domestic institutions placed in another category by Carnegie Institution, 7.1 percent were at colleges and universities in Canada, and 1.3 percent did not provide an institutional affiliation.
Robert B. Townsend is the Association's deputy director and author of History's Babel(forthcoming from the University of Chicago Press). AHA Professional Division member Sarah Maza (Northwestern Univ.) assisted in the revisions to the survey, and Debbie Ann Doyle, AHA Coordinator of Committees & Meetings, advised on the development of this report. The report benefited from suggestions by the Professional Division and Committee on Women Historians, as well as thoughtful questions and comments from audience members at the session "Celebrations And Lamentations: Achieving And Sustaining Gender Equity In The Historical Profession" at the 2011 meeting of the Southern Historical Association.
This article is the first of two parts. The second part, which deals with issues of gender, will be published in the January 2013 Perspectives on History.
1. We distributed the survey to 7,103 faculty listed as either associate or full professors in the2010–11 Directory of History Department and Organizations. After eliminating incomplete responses and a few duplicates, we had 2,240 valid responses. The survey instrument was based on a Modern Languages Association survey distributed in 2006, with small modifications by the AHA's Professional Division and the Committee on Women Historians.
2. Maresi Nerad, et al, Social Science PhDs—Five+ Years Out: A National Survey of PhDs in Six Fields(Seattle, Washington: Center for Innovation and Research in Graduate Education, 2008).
3. Jeremiah P. Ostriker, et al, A Data-Based Assessment of Research-Doctorate Programs in the United States (Washington, D.C., National Research Council, 2010). These rankings received a fair amount of criticism as a flawed ranking of reputation, but for heuristic purposes the broad ranking tiers have proven quite valuable—and as in this case, quite indicative—for differentiating strata in PhD programs.
4. Anthony Grafton and Robert B. Townsend, "The Parlous Paths of the Profession"Perspectives on History (October 2008), and Karla Sclater, After the Degree: Recent History PhDs Weigh In On Careers and Graduate School(Seattle, Washington: Center for Innovation and Research in Graduate Education, 2008).
5. These responses were very similar to responses from department chairs on the same question. Robert B. Townsend, "A Survey of Tenure Practices in History: Departments Indicate Books Are Key and Success Rates for Tenure High," Perspectives (February 2004). The findings are also quite similar to findings for the history discipline in the qualitative survey reported in Diane Harley et al, "Assessing the Future Landscape of Scholarly Communication: An Exploration of Faculty Values and Needs in Seven Disciplines," (Center for Studies in Higher Education, UC Berkeley).
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