text:
...one of the most highly
regarded and expertly designed C++ library projects in the
— Herb Sutter and Andrei
Alexandrescu, C++
Coding Standards
The <boost/format.hpp>
class provides printf-like formatting, in a type-safe manner which allows
output of user-defined types.
A format object is constructed from a format-string, and is then given
arguments through repeated calls to operator%.
Each of those arguments are then converted to strings, who are in turn
combined into one string, according to the format-string.
cout << boost::format("writing %1%, x=%2% : %3%-th try") % "toto" % 40.23 % 50; // prints "writing toto, x=40.230 : 50-th try"
or later on, as incout << format("%2% %1%") % 36 % 77;
you feed variables into the formatter.format fmter("%2% %1%"); fmter % 36; fmter % 77;
// fmter was previously created and fed arguments, it can print the result : cout << fmter ; // You can take the string result : string s = fmter.str(); // possibly several times : s = fmter.str( ); // You can also do all steps at once : cout << boost::format("%2% %1%") % 36 % 77; // using the str free function : string s2 = str( format("%2% %1%") % 36 % 77 );
using namespace std; using boost::format; using boost::io::group;
It prints : "11 22 333 22 11 \n"cout << format("%1% %2% %3% %2% %1% \n") % "11" % "22" % "333"; // 'simple' style.
It prints : "(x,y) = ( -23, +35) \n"cout << format("(x,y) = (%1$+5d,%2$+5d) \n") % -23 % 35; // Posix-Printf style
It prints : "writing toto, x=40.23 : 50-th step \n"cout << format("writing %s, x=%s : %d-th step \n") % "toto" % 40.23 % 50;
all those print : "(x,y) = ( -23, +35) \n"cout << format("(x,y) = (%+5d,%+5d) \n") % -23 % 35; cout << format("(x,y) = (%|+5|,%|+5|) \n") % -23 % 35; cout << format("(x,y) = (%1$+5d,%2$+5d) \n") % -23 % 35; cout << format("(x,y) = (%|1$+5|,%|2$+5|) \n") % -23 % 35;
Both print the same : "_ +101_ 101 \n"format fmter("_%1$+5d_ %1$d \n"); format fmter2("_%1%_ %1% \n"); fmter2.modify_item(1, group(showpos, setw(5)) ); cout << fmter % 101 ; cout << fmter2 % 101 ;
The manipulators are applied at each occurrence of %1%, and thus it prints : "_ +101_ +101 \n"cout << format("_%1%_ %1% \n") % group(showpos, setw(5), 101);
For some std::vector names, surnames, and tel (see sample_new_features.cpp) it prints :for(unsigned int i=0; i < names.size(); ++i) cout << format("%1%, %2%, %|40t|%3%\n") % names[i] % surname[i] % tel[i];
Marc-François Michel, Durand, +33 (0) 123 456 789 Jean, de Lattre de Tassigny, +33 (0) 987 654 321
The program sample_formats.cpp demonstrates simple
uses of format.
illustrates the few formatting features that were added to printf's syntax
such as simple positional directives, centered alignment, and
demonstrates uses of advanced features, like reusing, and modifying, format
objects, etc..
And sample_userType.cpp shows the behaviour of the format library on user-defined types.
boost::format( format-string ) % arg1 % arg2 % ... % argN
The format-string contains text in which special directives will
be replaced by strings resulting from the formatting of the given
The legacy syntax in the C and C++ worlds is the one used by printf, and
thus format can use directly printf format-strings, and produce the same
result (in almost all cases. see Incompatibilities with printf for details)
This core syntax was extended, to allow new features, but also to adapt to
the C++ streams context. Thus, format accepts several forms of directives
in format-strings :
The printf format specifications supported by Boost.format follows the
Unix98 Open-group
printf precise syntax, rather than the standard C printf, which does
not support positional arguments. (Common flags have the same meaning in
both, so it should not be a headache for anybody)
Note that it is an error to use positional format specifications
(e.g. %3$+d) mixed with non-positional ones (e.g. %+d)
in the same format string.
In the Open-group specification, referring to the same argument several
times (e.g. "%1$d %1$d") has undefined behaviour. Boost.format's
behaviour in such cases is to allow each argument to be reffered to any
number of times. The only constraint is that it expects exactly P
arguments, P being the maximum argument number used in the format
string. (e.g., for "%1$d %10$d", P == 10 ).
Supplying more, or less, than P arguments raises an exception.
(unless it was set otherwise, see exceptions)
A specification spec has the form:
[ N$ ] [ flags ] [ width ] [ . precision ] [ argument-type ] conversion-specifierFields inside square brackets are optional. Each of those fields are explained one by one in the following list:
Flag Meaning effect on internal stream '-' left alignment N/A (applied later on the string) '=' centered alignment N/A (applied later on the string)
- note : added feature, not in printf - '_' internal alignment sets internal alignment
- note : added feature, not in printf - '+' show sign even for positive numbers sets showpos '#' show numerical base, and decimal point sets showbase and showpoint '0' pad with 0's (inserted after sign or base indicator) if not left-aligned, calls setfill('0') and sets internal
Extra actions are taken after stream conversion to handle user-defined output. ' ' if the string does not begin with + or -, insert a space before the converted string N/A (applied later on the string)
Different to printf's behaviour : it is not affected by internal alignment
the arguments are fed into format through operator %
allows the template to carry the argument type. Therefore the classical
printf style argument type is consumed and ignored.
Argument-types hh
, h
, l
, ll
, j
, and L
are recognized, as are the Microsoft extensions w
(capital i), I32
, and I64
. Argument-type t
from the ISO C99 standard is not recognized as an argument type, as it has been in use as a
conversion specifier for tabular output for many years in boost::format
conversion-specifier Meaning effect on stream b boolean string output sets boolalpha; only works for type bool
To customize the resulting string, see std::numpunct. p or x hexadecimal output sets hex o octal output sets oct a hexadecimal exponent notation sets floatfield bits to scientific | fixed (which is equivalent to hexfloat) e scientific float format sets floatfield bits to scientific f fixed float format sets floatfield bits to fixed g general -default- float format unset all floatfield bits X, A, E, F or G same effect as their lowercase counterparts, but using uppercase letters for number outputs. (exponents, hex digits, ..) same effects as 'x', 'a', 'e', 'f', or 'g' respectively, plus uppercase d, i or u decimal type output sets basefield bits to dec s or S string output precision specification is unset, and its value goes to an internal field for later 'truncation'. (see precision explanation above) c or C 1-character output only the first character of the conversion string is used. % print the character % N/A
Note that the 'n' conversion-specifier is ignored (and so is the corresponding argument), because it does not fit in this context.
printf(s, x1, x2);
cout << format(s) % x1 % x2;
But because some printf format specifications don't translate well into
stream formatting options, there are a few notable imperfections in the way
Boost.format emulates printf.
In any case, the format class should quietly ignore the unsupported
options, so that printf format-strings are always accepted by format and
produce almost the same output as printf.
format formatter("%+5d"); cout << formatter % x; unsigned int n = formatter.size();
All flags which are translated into modification to the stream state act recursively within user-defined types. ( the flags remain active, and so does the desired format option, for each of the '<<' operations that might be called by the user-defined class)
e.g., with a Rational class, we would have something like :Rational ratio(16,9); cerr << format("%#x \n") % ratio; // -> "0x10/0x9 \n"
It's a different story for other formatting options. For example, setting width applies to the final output produced by the object, not to each of its internal outputs, and that's fortunate :
cerr << format("%-8d") % ratio; // -> "16/9 " and not "16 /9 " cerr << format("%=8d") % ratio; // -> " 16/9 " and not " 16 / 9 "
But so does the 0 and ' ' options (contrarily to '+' which is directly
translated to the stream state by showpos. But no such flags exist
for the zero and space printf options)
and that is less natural :
It is possible to obtain a better behaviour by carefully designing the Rational's operator<< to handle the stream's width, alignment and showpos paramaters by itself. This is demonstrated in sample_userType.cpp.cerr << format("%+08d \n") % ratio; // -> "+00016/9" cerr << format("% 08d \n") % ratio; // -> "000 16/9"
The internal stream state of format is saved before and restored
after output of an argument; therefore, the modifiers are not sticky and
affect only the argument they are applied to.
The default state for streams, as stated by the standard, is : precision 6,
width 0, right alignment, and decimal flag set.
The state of the internal format stream can be changed by manipulators passed along with the argument; via the group function, like that :
cout << format("%1% %2% %1%\n") % group(hex, showbase, 40) % 50; // prints "0x28 50 0x28\n"
When passing N items inside a 'group' Boost.format needs to process
manipulators diferently from regular argument, and thus using group is
subject to the following constraints :
Such manipulators are passed to the streams right before the following argument, at every occurrence. Note that formatting options specified within the format string are overridden by stream state modifiers passed this way. For instance in the following code, the hex manipulator has priority over the d type-specification in the format-string which would set decimal output :
cout << format("%1$d %2% %1%\n") % group(hex, showbase, 40) % 50; // prints "0x28 50 0x28\n"
Boost.format enforces a number of rules on the usage of format objects.
The format-string must obeys the syntax described above, the user must
supply exactly the right number of arguments before outputting to the final
destination, and if using modify_item or bind_arg, items and arguments
index must not be out of range.
When format detects that one of these rules is not satisfied, it raises a
corresponding exception, so that the mistakes don't go unnoticed and
But the user can change this behaviour to fit his needs, and select which
types of errors may raise exceptions using the following functions :
unsigned char exceptions(unsigned char newexcept); // query and set unsigned char exceptions() const; // just query
The user can compute the argument newexcept by combining the following atoms using binary arithmetic :
For instance, if you don't want Boost.format to detect bad number of arguments, you can define a specific wrapper function for building format objects with the right exceptions settings :
It is then allowed to give more arguments than needed (they are simply ignored) :boost::format my_fmt(const std::string & f_string) { using namespace boost::io; format fmter(f_string); fmter.exceptions( all_error_bits ^ ( too_many_args_bit | too_few_args_bit ) ); return fmter; }
And if we ask for the result before all arguments are supplied, the corresponding part of the result is simply emptycout << my_fmt(" %1% %2% \n") % 1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5;
cout << my_fmt(" _%2%_ _%1%_ \n") % 1 ; // prints " __ _1_ \n"
The performance of boost::format for formatting a few builtin type arguments with reordering can be compared to that of Posix-printf, and of the equivalent stream manual operations to give a measure of the overhead incurred. The result may greatly depend on the compiler, standard library implementation, and the precise choice of format-string and arguments.
Common stream implementations eventually call functions of the printf family for the actual formatting of numbers. In general, printf will be noticeably faster than the direct stream operations due to the reordering overhead (allocations to store the pieces of string, stream initialisation at each item formatting, ..). The direct stream operations would be faster than boost::format - one can expect a ratio ranging from 2 to 5 or more.
When iterated formattings are a performance bottleneck, performance can be slightly increased by parsing the format string into a format object, and copying it at each formatting, in the following way:
const boost::format fmter(fstring); dest << boost::format(fmter) % arg1 % arg2 % arg3 ;
As an example of performance results, the author measured the time of execution of iterated formattings with 4 different methods:
the test was compiled with g++-3.3.3 and the following timings were measured (in seconds, and ratios):
string fstring="%3$0#6x %1$20.10E %2$g %3$0+5d \n"; double arg1=45.23; double arg2=12.34; int arg3=23; - release mode : printf : 2.13 nullStream : 3.43, = 1.61033 * printf boost::format copied : 6.77, = 3.1784 * printf , = 1.97376 * nullStream boost::format straight :10.67, = 5.00939 * printf , = 3.11079 * nullStream - debug mode : printf : 2.12 nullStream : 3.69, = 1.74057 * printf boost::format copied :10.02, = 4.72642 * printf , = 2.71545 * nullStream boost::format straight :17.03, = 8.03302 * printf , = 4.61518 * nullStream
namespace boost { template<class charT, class Traits=std::char_traits<charT> > class basic_format { public: typedef std::basic_string<charT, Traits> string_type; typedef typename string_type::size_type size_type; basic_format(const charT* str); basic_format(const charT* str, const std::locale & loc); basic_format(const string_type& s); basic_format(const string_type& s, const std::locale & loc); basic_format& operator= (const basic_format& x); void clear(); // reset buffers basic_format& parse(const string_type&); // clears and parse a new format string string_type str() const; size_type size() const; // pass arguments through those operators : template<class T> basic_format& operator%(T& x); template<class T> basic_format& operator%(const T& x); // dump buffers to ostream : friend std::basic_ostream<charT, Traits>& operator<< <> ( std::basic_ostream<charT, Traits>& , basic_format& ); // Choosing which errors will throw exceptions : unsigned char exceptions() const; unsigned char exceptions(unsigned char newexcept); // ............ this is just an extract ....... }; // basic_format typedef basic_format<char > format; typedef basic_format<wchar_t > wformat; // free function for ease of use : template<class charT, class Traits> std::basic_string<charT,Traits> str(const basic_format<charT,Traits>& f) { return f.str(); } } // namespace boost
This class's goal is to bring a better, C++, type-safe and type-extendable printf equivalent to be used with streams.
Precisely, format was designed to provide the following features :In the process of the design, many issues were faced, and some choices were made, that might not be intuitively right. But in each case they were taken for some reasons.
The author of Boost format is Samuel Krempp. He used ideas from Rüdiger Loos' format.hpp and Karl Nelson's formatting classes.
Revised 23 October, 2017
Copyright © 2002 Samuel Krempp
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)


text:
Website Design - West Palm Beach
If you're looking for great Website Design in West Palm Beach we think you'll find it here. Thank you for stopping by. Action Website and SEO not only creates websites that are great to look at, and easy to navigate, but we create websites that are easy to find on the search engines like Google. More than likely, that's how you found us.
All Website Designers are Not the Same
When looking for a website designer, first realize that they are not the same. Many website designers leave out important steps that the website buyer is not aware of. This saves time and money for the designer, and sometimes the buyer (in the short term). But site that is not designed and developed correctly will not get the same results as one that is developed correctly. A properly developed website can mean the difference between having an income for life, and throwing away your money. If you understand this, you're way ahead of your competition already.
Great SEO is Important to Your Business
Why is being found on Google so important? Well... What good is a great website if nobody can find it? Conversely, the better your website ranks on Google, the more visitors you will have, and the the more money you will make (if that's your goal). We recommend that you never lose site of those facts.
Think about how you found us. If you're here because you found us on a search engine, and you'd like your customers to find you the same way, you should realize that we know how to give the search engines what they need to rank your site high against your competition. We're able to rank well in a very competitive field because of our expertise in building websites correctly from the ground up.
Choose Your Design Company Carefully
At Action Website and SEO we're more than just designers; we help our clients to reach their goals. We provide website design in West Palm Beach, and SEO services in West Palm Beach to people who want more than just a great looking web presence.
Most of our clients know that there is more to doing business on the web than just posting a site and waiting for something to happen. That's why we combine great website design with SEO (search engine optimization). We create sites that get amazing results. We understand how the Internet, websites, and Search Engine Optimization all work together to bring you action producing sites that will make your business successful.
Website Design Firm - SEO - West Palm Beach
We specialize in websites that are easily update-able by our clients. These sites are known as CMS websites (content management systems). There are many advantages to our CMS sites. There is no cost for updating content, it can be done any time of day from any computer that is on the Internet, and the search engines love these types of sites. If you'd like to be able to update your own website, ask us about our content management systems. We're experts at SEO copy writing and can apply what we know about SEO to your existing website as well.
There's a lot of information about websites and SEO on our site. We want you to be an educated website owner. See what we have to say about design, development, hosting, and SEO. If you think we know our stuff, perhaps Action Website and SEO will be the company you choose for your Internet development and Search Engine Optimization needs. We create action producing website design locally in CityPlace, West Palm Beach, Florida, 33401, and also work globally via the Internet. We're easy to get along with, and we don't have a problem taking our time and explaining things so anyone can understand.
Do you want to know more about having one of our action producing websites for your business? Click on the blue button above, or visit the Contact Us page and let us know what you have in mind. We'll get back to you right away. We won't share or sell your information to anyone.
Our phone number is 561-358-2259. We're available by appointment Monday-Saturday 9:00-7:00. We are located at Cityplace, in the center of West Palm Beach, Palm Beach County, Florida only minutes away from Palm Beach, Palm Beach Gardens, Royal Palm Beach, Wellington, Loxahatchee, Lake Worth, Lantana, Riviera Beach, Palm Beach Shores, North Palm Beach, Palm Springs, Green Acres, and Hypoluxo. We're your best choice for website design in West Palm Beach. We also work locally and globally via the Internet.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Glynnis Campbell is committed to safeguarding the privacy of her website visitors and newsletter subscribers.
This privacy policy discloses the privacy practices for glynnis.net. This privacy policy applies solely to information collected by this web site. It will notify you of the following:
- What personally identifiable information is collected from you through the web site, how it is used and with whom it may be shared.
- What choices are available to you regarding the use of your data.
- How you can correct any inaccuracies in the information.
Information Collection, Use, and Sharing
We are the sole owners of the information collected on this site. We only have access to/collect information that you voluntarily give us via email or other direct contact from you. We will not sell or rent this information to anyone.
We will use your information to respond to you, regarding the reason you contacted us. We will not share your information with any third party outside of our organization, other than as necessary to fulfill your request, e.g. to deliver a requested item.
Unless you ask us not to, we may contact you via email in the future to tell you about specials, new products or services, or changes to this privacy policy.
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You may opt out of any future contacts from us at any time. You can do the following at any time by contacting us via the email address given on our website:
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This policy applies to instances where we are acting as a data controller with respect to the personal data of website visitors and mailing list subscribers. In other words, where we determine the purposes and means of the processing of that personal data.
What data is being collected?
In order to join Glynnis Campbell's newsletter, an email address must be collected, as it is currently the only way in which the newsletter is delivered. In addition, you may also choose to provide optional details such as your name, your country, your preferred book vendor, etc., which may be used to better provide you the content most relevant to the information you requested.
We may process mailing list subscriber data ("account data"). The account data may include your name, your email, your country, your vendor preference, your open rates and click-through history, and any other information you voluntarily provide. You, via the mailing list provider (in this case: MadMimi) are the source of the account data. The account data may be processed for the purposes of operating the mailing list, and sending you the relevant notifications and/or newsletters. The legal basis for this processing is our legitimate interests, namely the proper administration of our mailing list to provide requested services to its voluntary subscribers, as well as your explicit consent to enter into such a contract.
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We may process data about your use of Glynnis Campbell's website, mailing list, and social media. The usage data may include your IP address, browser type and version, geographical location, length of visit, operating system, page views, referral source and website navigation paths, as well as information about the timing, frequency and pattern of such interactions. In this case, the source of the usage data is Stat Counter and Google Analytics. The usage data may be processed for the purposes of analyzing the use of Glynnis Campbell's website and services. The legal basis for this processing is our legitimate interests, namely monitoring and improving our website and services.
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This website uses for the following purposes: authentication, logged-in status, personalization, security, advertising, and analysis.
Insofar as those cookies are not strictly necessary for the provision of requested information and services, we will ask you to consent to our use of cookies when you first visit our website.
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If you communicate with Glynnis Campbell via social media (e.g. follow on Twitter, friend on Facebook) we may process information included in your personal profile ("profile data"). The profile data may include your name, email address, profile picture, gender, birthday, and related interests (e.g. joining Glynnis Campbell's historical romance Facebook group.) The profile data may be processed for the purposes of enabling and monitoring associated services. The legal basis for this processing is our legitimate interests, namely the proper administration of our social media offerings.
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If you contact Glynnis Campbell or her assistant via the email addresses listed on this website, or any other venue, we may process information contained in any communication you submit to us ("correspondence data"). This correspondence data may be processed for the purposes of communicating with you, offering, marketing or selling relevant goods and/or services to you, and record-keeping. The legal basis for this processing is our legitimate interests, namely the proper administration of our website, business, and communications, as well as your consent when you initiated contact.
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We may process any of your personal data identified in this policy where necessary for the establishment, exercise or defense of legal claims, whether in court proceedings or in an administrative or out-of-court procedure. The legal basis for this processing is our legitimate interests, namely the protection and assertion of our legal rights, your legal rights and the legal rights of others.
We may process any of your personal data identified in this policy where necessary for the purposes of obtaining or maintaining insurance coverage, managing risks, or obtaining professional advice. The legal basis for this processing is our legitimate interests, namely the proper protection of our business against risks.
We may also process any of your personal data where such processing is necessary for compliance with a legal obligation to which we are subject, or in order to protect your vital interests or the vital interests of another natural person.
We may also disclose your personal data where such disclosure is necessary for the establishment, exercise or defense of legal claims, whether in court proceedings or in an administrative or out-of-court procedure.
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Glynnis Campbell's website and mailing list are exclusively for her use only, as is any non-personally identifiable data collected by any Google Analytics code, Facebook pixel, or any other method. Your information is never sold, rented, shared, or otherwise disseminated with third parties.
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Glynnis Campbell does store mailing list data, in order to better serve those who have voluntarily subscribed and to ensure those who have unsubscribed do not receive future mailings. Historic data may be kept on other interactions, e.g. any comments you have left on the blog are stored in the website database unless deleted, any emails you have sent are stored in her email inbox unless deleted, etc.
In most cases, it is not possible for us to specify in advance the periods for which your personal data will be retained.
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Your principal rights under data protection law are:
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We may update this policy from time to time by publishing a new version on our website. You should check this page occasionally to ensure you are content with any changes to this policy. We may notify mailing list subscribers of significant changes to this policy by email.
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Parts of this document were created using a template from SEQ Legal (https://seqlegal.com).
https://www.website-contracts.co.uk/privacy-and-cookies-policy.html (Template for purchase to cover GDPR)


text:
17.3 Financial Reporting
(Last Modified on November 4, 2010)
Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) Statement No. 39, Determining Whether Certain Organizations are component Unit - an amendment of Statement No. 14, requires that the financial statements of foundations and affiliated organizations that meet the criteria to be considered component units of an institution be included with the financial statements of the institution. An organization is considered a component unit if it is a legally separate, tax-exempt entity, and if it meets the criteria for materiality and/or is significant to the institution. An organization would be considered significant if it would be misleading to exclude it from the financial statements.
An example is a research foundation whose assets are not material and the dollar amount contributed to the university was not material, but the value of the organization to the research mission of the university is critical.
The criteria for materiality are as follows:
The economic resources received or held by the separate affiliated organization are entirely or almost entirely for the direct benefit of the institution, its component units or its constituents.
The institution, or its component units, is entitled to, or has the ability to otherwise access, a majority of the economic resources received or held by the affiliated organization.
The economic resources received or held by the individual affiliated organization that the institution, or its component units, is entitled to, or has the ability to otherwise access, are significant to the institution.
If it is determined that the foundation or affiliated organization is a component unit of the institution and the financial statements must be included, then the institution must determine if discrete (separate columns) or blended (combined with the institution statements) presentation is required. For most of the institutions within the ÁůşĎ˛Ę×ĘÁĎ´óČ«, the discrete presentation will be used.
Most of the foundations and/or affiliated organizations comply with the Financial Standards Board (FASB) requirements instead of the GASB requirements. Starting with the FY2004 Annual Financial Report (AFR), institutions will present their reports and any component units that use GASB reporting on one page (in separate columns), and any component unit that use FASB reporting on the following page (in separate columns). This is the discrete presentation.
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In 137 days, the Primary Elections for federal offices will be held in Georgia, with the General Assembly likely to move state Primary Elections to the same date. It is also likely that the first ballots will be cast in a little over three months from today, as early voting will likely begin in April this year. Welcome to the starting line.
On January 3, 1766, the British crown sent its first taxation representative to Georgia to administer the Stamp Act, which required each piece of paper, including business and legal documents, to bear an embossed stamp to show that tax had been paid. Georgia's royal Governor had to have the agent protected with armed troops and he left two weeks later. Georgia merchants agreed to pay the tax in order to allow ships to be unloaded (which required a written bill of lading, hence the tax requirement). Georgia was the only colony in which taxes were actually collected under the Stamp Act, earning the enmity of other states. Thus, our current disdain for taxation has an historical precendent.
On January 3, 1861, Georgia Governor Joseph E. Brown ordered volunteer militia to seize Fort Pulaski, then controlled by the federal government, though Georgia then remained part of the United States. In spring 1862, the feds, with new rifled cannon, seized Pulaski back and cut off traffic on the Savannah River to the Port of Savannah.
On January 3, 1947 Helen Douglas Mankin ended her only term in Congress from Georgia. She is often cited as the first female member of Congress from Georgia, though Florence Gibbs actually holds that distinction. Mankin was elected in a 1945 Special Election and defeated for reelection in 1946.
On January 3, 1956, Iris Faircloth Blitch was sworn in to Congress from Georgia's Eighth District, becoming the first woman elected in a regular election who would serve a full term in Congress from Georgia.
On January 3, 1973, Andrew Young became the first Black Member of Congress from Georgia since reconstruction, serving the Fifth District until his appointment in 1977 by fellow Georgian Jimmy Carter as Ambassador to the United Nations.
Saturday is the 53d birthday of Michale Stipe, born at Fort McPherson, Georgia in 1960.
On January 4, 1995, Georgia Congressman Newt Gingrich was elected Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, becoming the third Georgian to hold that office after Congressmen Charles Crisp (1892-1896) and Howell Cobb (1850-1851).
On January 4, 1999, Alvin T. "Al" Wong was sworn in as Judge of the DeKalb State Court, and took the bench as the first Asian-American judge in the Southeastern United States.
On January 5, 1868, General George Meade took command of the Third Military District, beginning the Reconstruction in Georgia.
On January 5, 1926, Hosea Williams was born in Attapulgus, Georgia.
In these three days, we see illustrated the sweep of Georgia's history as a state. From the Colonial period, through the Civil War and Reconstruction, the movement of women into political leadership, followed by African-Americans, the ascendance of the Republican Party in Georgia and as the dominant Southern party, to the first steps of Asian-Americans and other minorities into roles of political leadership.
Speaking of Asian-Americans
First of all, I am one. My grandfather was Japanese. Also, two Asian-Americans were elected in Georgia in 2013, including Morrow City Councilwoman Hang Tran.
Five candidates may not sound like many, but previous election cycles typically saw just one or two, said Helen Ho, executive director of the Asian-American Legal Advocacy Center of Georgia.
"I kind of feel the snowball is finally getting bigger," said Ho, whose organization is working to get Asian-Americans to vote. "There seems to be some momentum."
Tran, who works as a chemist at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, said the absence of Asian-Americans in local government motivated her to run. "I just thought there wasn't enough representation," she said.
This year, the name of Eugene Chin Yu, an Augusta businessman of Korean ancestry, will appear on the statewide ballot among candidates for Georgia's open U.S. Senate seat.
Still, conversations with a half dozen Asian-Americans reveals a wide spectrum of political engagement — well short of a definitive groundswell. And even community leaders acknowledge the challenges of mobilizing a group that includes many disparate cultures and languages, as well as, among some immigrants, a fear of government instilled by repressive regimes in their countries of origin.
Daewon Hwang said his Korean church congregation in Cumming is a blank slate when it comes to political interest.
The reason? "The language problem," the pastor said as he shopped in a Korean supermarket in Duluth, where 22 percent of residents are Asian-American.
Down the road in a Chinese supermarket, Yanfeng Li said he sees stirrings of engagement: websites that express political views, even some calls for candidates.
Edward Chu, an interpreter who lives in Lilburn, votes, but does not take an active interest in local politics. He'd like to see someone from the Chinese community elected to local office, but he would not support a candidate simply because of his or her heritage.
"I'd have to agree with them," he said.
Behind the scenes, there's a push under way to nudge Asian-Americans toward the voting booth.
Asian-American groups have canvassed door-to-door to register voters, made robo-calls before elections and brought in candidates for forums and dinners. For this year's elections, they are targeting high-concentration areas such as Norcross, Clarkston, Duluth, Lawrenceville and John's Creek.
Ho's group has created a statewide database of Asian-Americans and other immigrants to track who is registered and who has voted. According to the Georgia Secretary of State's Office, the number of Asian-Americans who are active voters grew by about 10,000 from 2008 to 2012 to stand at more than 72,000.
"We cannot just have other community members making important decisions," said Travis Kim, who served as president for the past two years of the Korean American Association of Greater Atlanta. "We have to be involved."
While Georgia's AAPI voter rolls increased approximately 230 percent from 2004 to 2012, the actual turnout percentage has decreased. In Georgia, only 54.7 percent of Asian-Americans registered to vote voted in the 2012 presidential election.
In Gwinnett, where AAPIs comprise roughly 12 percent of the population — the highest percentage in the state — the turnout was even lower, at 51 percent. Despite having the highest percentage of those with college degrees among all groups, Asian-Americans had the lowest turnout percentage of all racial/ethnic groups.
AAPI statewide turnout percentage actually declined significantly during the last three presidential election cycles – from 65.7 percent in 2004 to 58 percent in 2008 and 54.7 percent in 2012. These percentages would shrink even more, if we were to include in the denominator the number of Asian-Americans who were eligible but not registered..
So, what might be causing lower turnout and perceived apathy? Based on my observations, some general themes emerge.
First, many first-generation AAPIs indicated they were unable to make it the polls on Election Day because they own and operate small businesses. Although several alternatives to in-person voting on Election Day exist, many of these voters simply were not familiar with the availability of early and absentee voting.
Second, the structure of government in the U.S. is complex. Many find it difficult to fully comprehend the functions of each political office for which they are voting. Many also find it intimidating to vote because they are not fluent in English. Ballots and instructions are in English.
Third, the AAPI population is diverse. Attitudes regarding civic involvement vary in light of their past experiences with their birth country. Some simply believe they cannot have a relationship with their elected officials, that their votes would not matter, or that they cannot make a difference in government.
Lastly, when AAPI parents do not vote, their children are less likely to be involved civically.
How do we reverse the trend? At the very least, it requires combined efforts by government officials, candidates for office, and community leaders.
Perhaps some folks would like to help Rep. Pak get his op-ed translated and published in some of the Asian-language newspapers and newsletters that appear in our communities. Sounds like a great way for the Georgia Republican Party to start outreach to groups of voters some of whom are likely to be sympathetic to conservative ideology if we reach out to them.
Helen Kim Ho, who is mentioned in the first article above, makes such a point in another Op-ed in the AJC.
Any political party interested in expanding its base in Georgia must engage immigrant voters or those who have come to this country recently and become naturalized citizens.
Take Gwinnett County, with 4.5 percent Asian, 4.8 percent Latino and 25 percent African-American active voters. While voter turnout as a whole went down between the last two presidential elections at both state and county levels, voter turnout in Gwinnett increased among immigrants.
In the 2012 Duluth House district race, state Rep. Pedro Marin — the Democratic incumbent who was redistricted to a majority Republican district running through New Koreatown — won in large part due to Asian-American voters. He also won by a larger margin there than in his former majority-Democratic district.
What can be deduced from Marin's race is that while many Asian-Americans identify as Republican — slightly more than 50 percent, based on an exit poll we conducted in 2010 — they vote ultimately on issues. A voter survey we conducted this year of hundreds of voters in Gwinnett found 20 percent saying they voted based on party loyalty.
The percentage of white voters in Georgia is on the decline. Georgia is growing more urban and less rural. Counting on the vote of avowed Democrats in the state won't win or influence larger elections. And token, last-minute pleas to immigrant voters with top-down messaging don't work.
That's where knowledge of what issues catalyze immigrant civic participation can help win votes. Our 2013 Voter Survey, which included a majority of Asian respondents, asked respondents to select their top priorities from a list of 11 issues. The top three issues were public education, economic equity/small business and access to health care. Immigration was also important, but as a secondary issue alongside transportation and public safety.
Georgia Republicans now have a challenge squarely in front of us. Who's willing to work on this project? I very rarely say nice things about the AJC, though their reporting on APS cheating scandals was world-class, but I want to thank them for paying attention to this issue.
Allen West calls out Georgia Democrats for opposing a Georgia Democrat
Allen West has called out some Georgia Democrats who are opposing the nomination of DeKalb County State Court Judge Eleanor Ross to the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia.
Civil rights leaders are showing their "true colors" again in my home state of Georgia over judicial appointments.
According to Politico,
President Barack Obama has upset Rep. John Lewis (D-Ga.) and other civil rights leaders by ignoring their input in picking four nominees to fill vacancies on the federal bench in Georgia's Northern District.
Lewis and fellow Presidential Medal of Freedom winners Joseph Lowery and C.T. Vivian are expected to ask Obama to withdraw his nominees — a demand that is unlikely to be met — amid concerns about the judges' records and convictions on matters of importance to African-Americans.
The three appointments in question are:
Mark Cohen — the lead defense attorney in challenges to Georgia's voter ID law.
Michael Boggs – a state judge who, as a member of the state Legislature, once voted to keep in place the Confederate-themed Georgia state flag
Eleanor Ross – a female state judge who is black and (gasp) a REPUBLICANThe fourth nominee (not being specifically contested by Lewis) is Leigh Martin May – a female trial lawyer who is white — but a Democrat.
Why is Ross such a troublesome choice for Lewis? According to Joe Saunders, writing for BizPac Review,
U.S. Rep. John L. Lewis (D-Ga) is accusing the president of selling out his political base by naming Eleanor Ross as a federal judge. She is, literally, not politically correct enough. Since most black women are Democrats, Lewis reasons, any black woman Obama appoints should be Democrat, too.
This case also clearly demonstrates who is raging the real "war on women." The Democrats want to keep black women in their place, on the political plantation.
The irony in this all is that I'm not aware, as a DeKalb Republican, of any evidence that Eleanor Ross is a Republican, other than Democrats simply stating it. Here's Judge Ross's voting history, from PoliticalDataSystems.com:
Her voting record above shows Democratic Primary elections and General Elections. She served as an Assistant District Attorney in Fulton County and Assistant Solicitor in DeKalb under elected Democrats. A search of the Ethics Commission website shows no Republican donations. The only Republican tie of which I am aware is that Governor Nathan Deal appointed Ross to the DeKalb State Court.
I reject the contention that Eleanor Ross is a Republican as being based solely on the facts that Governor Deal appointed her to a nonpartisan position in DeKalb County and that her nomination to the federal bench is apparently supported by Georgia's Republican United States Senators, without which any nomination is doomed.
And speaking of Allen West, he will be the featured speaker at the Bridging the Gap Lincoln Day Dinner on February 27, 2014 in Leesburg, Georgia. From an email I received:
Bridging The Gap of Georgia is a 501(c)(3) non-profit charitable organization created to assist veterans with their transition home. Many of the veterans we serve suffer from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), Combat Stress and are homeless. We utilize a mentorship program to enable veterans to function as productive members of our society by addressing their housing, job placement, and health needs.
For the 1st Annual Lincoln Day Dinner, our featured speaker is LTC. Allen West who will share with the audience his extensive knowledge and experience, as well as provide insight on the support systems needed to enhance services to veterans. Attendees will get valuable information about Bridging The Gap of Georgia and initiatives that can address the needs and issues of veterans in their local community.
Please find detailed information about the event below.
1st Annual Lincoln Day Dinner
February 27, 2014 Time to be announced
Featured Speaker: LTC. Allen West
The Bindery at Oakland Library & Event Center
445 Oakland Parkway, West
Leesburg, GA 31763
$50.00 per person (includes dinner)
Proceeds to benefit Bridging The Gap of Georgia
Sponsored by the Lee County Republican PartyLTC. Allen West is a Georgia native, former member of the U.S. House of Representatives, Fox News contributor and served in both Operation Desert Storm and Operation Desert Shield. His book, "Guardian of the Republic" is due to be released in April 2014. Throughout his years leading troops, raising a loving family, serving as Congressman in Florida's 22nd district, and emerging as one of the most authentic voices in conservative politics, LTC. West has never compromised the core values on which he was raised: family, faith, tradition, service, honor, fiscal responsibility, courage, and freedom.
You can reserve your seat for the Lincoln Day Dinner by visiting Bridging the Gap on their website.
Nancy Jester visits Spalding County GOP
Last night, Nancy Jester, Republican candidate for State School Superintendent, visited the Spalding County Republican Party.
Saturday, Jester will speak to the Gwinnett County Republican Party monthly meeting at 550 Trackside in Lawrenceville. Karen Handel will also be addressing the meeting.
County party organizations or other conservative groups who would like to hear Nancy Jester's conservative message about how to get better educational results for our children through conservative fiscal management and "more classroom, less bureaucracy," please email her at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Greg Williams handicaps the Senate race
Our friend Greg Williams has his take on the starting positions in the Senate race. My own analogy is that we're at the point where the candidates have been training and are now settling into the blocks. Like the picture at the top, they all start from the same starting line, but some will have an inside track. We're in the middle distance phase of the race now, where you need both stamina, and endurance. Greg, of course, prefers a football metaphor.
Greg's List is proud to provide our version of Georgia's Best Conservative Senator rankings beginning Week One 2014. Our rankings will be comprised of scientific polling data, objective interviews, subjective analysis, and generalities drawn from an amalgamation of traditional media, social media and new media reactions to the individual candidates…In other words, we will provide the proverbial "Educated Guess"…or, "Enlightened Prediction" as we grassroot melo-dramatists prefer..
So, without further adieu, we present our "inaugural" rankings of 2014: 1. Jack Kingston–There's no such thing as bad press and Kingston recovered nicely from his verbal fumble regarding childhood cafeteria sweeping aka Work Ethic in public schools. Kingston is the Senior member of Congress out of the three announced House of Representative candidates and has significant support from Coastal and Southern Georgia. Appearances on Bill Maher's show and other national networks has enhanced his name ID in Metro Atlanta and he leads the pack in fundraising…
2. Karen Handel–With her grassroots apparatus from previous state wide races intact, Handel is a formidable competitor in the Senate race…On a purely subjective basis, Handel has the luxury of combining passionate and articulate volunteers that show up en masse for every state-side grassroot event.
3. David Perdue–Money, money, money…And lack of a voting record…Both are Boons to a prospective Senate candidate, and his last name won't alienate him to voters, despite the wistful predictions from the anti-Sonny crowd…
4. Phil Gingrey–Clumsy defense of Todd Akin's insanity regarding "legitimate rape" questions his ability to articulate Conservative principles…Has money though, and a large network due to his previous Congressional Geographic coverage…5. Paul Broun–Fundraising and lamentable Social Conservative strict Biblical interpretations hold this candidacy back…The passion of his supporters could elevate him to run-off status but many things would have to fall into place and its too early to predict their manifestation..
Bill Byrne announces for Cobb Commission District 1
Byrne served as Chairman of the Cobb County Commission from 1992 to 2002 and is running for the district seat being vacated by Helen Goreham, who is not seeking reelection. From his pre-announcement:
As of December 30, 2013, I am announcing that I am a Republican candidate for Commission District 1, of the Cobb County Board of Commissioners.
My campaign will focus on the following issues facing Cobb County:
Decisions by Government, at all levels, must be fundamentally based on the principles of the Constitution and be limited, focused and based on the WILL OF THE PEOPLE being served.PUBLIC SAFETY:
The primary responsibility of Government, at all levels, must always be Public Safety.ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT:
I am committed to work with the cities of Acworth, Kennesaw and Marietta to bring new companies and business opportunities to those urban centers of Cobb County.


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A beautiful celluloid cameo done in delicate detail measures about 2" oval. This has a catnelian color background with ivory color profile. Tinted roses in her hair with long curly locks. Framed in silvertone with a c-clasp at the back.
FAQ The term cameo originally meant carving a design into a single material in bas-relief. They were usually done using shell, stone or other suitable materials. Indications are that cameos were first carved in the 15th or 16th century where the subject matter was derived from the Greek and Roman period. However, popularity flourished during the reign of Queen Victoria. Later cameos were mass produced and molded using celluloid, bakelite, lucite and newer resins. Popular now are laser made cameos because of their intricate detail and color combinations especially those made with gemstones. Intaglio jewelry is reverse cut from a cameo - cut from the back and sometimes highlighted with handpainting, enamels or other colored glass or gemstones.
Remember to - Dust your cameo regularly with a soft brush and try to get in the nooks and crannies of the carving. Do not use a lot of pressure. You can rinse a shell cameo with warm water and dry with a soft cloth. Shell cameos are easily damaged, so do not use harsh soap or any other cleaner including jewelry cleaners. Most Mother-of-pearl cameos can be cleaned with mild soap and water being careful to dry completely and polish with a soft cloth. Avoid drastic temperature changes with all cameos as this can cause fractures and cracks.
See our Etsy Sight For More Items Like This !
For More Items Like This Use The Search Option At The Top Of The Page
TO ORDER THIS ITEM - Best Way - Just click the Blue Shopping Cart Button to the left of the photo and then
wait for us to confirm the availability of the item before making payment.
For Sale Prices Always Use The Cart Method So We Can Invoice You for the Sale Price !
Check our main page for sale information
If there is a PAYPAL button beneath the CART button, you can QUICK PAY but waiting for item
availability confirmation is the best way......!
NO SHOPPING CART Or PayPal BUTTON ? The item is either sold, on hold or out of inventory (O/I).
Email us at email@example.com giving us the item # and we'll verify it for you and if the item is available,
we will send you a PayPal Invoice or other payment information.
Don't Forget To Browse Our Jewelry & Accessory Resource - Click Below
Most of our items are vintage unless we tell you otherwise. Therefore expect them to be in "Vintage" condition. This means normal wear and some softening of stone sparkle is to be expected. If either is in excess we will note it in our description. We do not thoroughly clean our items, leaving that to the preferences of the buyer, and if there are any serious problems, flaws or noticeable repairs, we will always try to note it in the description. Realizing that nothing can replace a "hands-on" inspection of an item, if you are not satisfied with your purchase for any reason, we will always accept returns or otherwise try to make you a satisfied customer. Our return policy can be found at the top of each item page.
If you ask us to hold an item for you and then change your mind about purchasing, please let me know so that we can remove the hold and release for sale. Thank you for shopping with us !
For additional information or to place an order for this item, please feel free to email us at firstname.lastname@example.com or call (304) 945-9136.
Jarretts Jade Jewelry & Small Antiques
Contact: Bill or Sally
889 Sherwood Rd
Charleston, WV 25314 USA
Phone: (304) 945-9136


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Why are Models Useful?
Why are models important and useful for students?
Modeling Methodology for Physics Teachers ( This site may be offline. ) (1998) offers one of the most compelling reasons to use models in an introductory geoscience classroom. "Scientific practice involves the construction, validation and application of scientific models, so science instruction should be designed to engage students in making and using models."In addition:
- Models provide an environment for interactive student engagement. Evidence from science education research shows that significant learning gains are achieved when students participate in interactive engagement activities. Thus, it is important that the learning environment/activity created around a model provide an interactive engagement experience.
- Working with models can enhance systems thinking abilities
- Models and model development are useful for helping students learn quantitative skills such as graphing, graphical analysis, and visualization; statistics; computational skills, mathematics, ......
- Many models allow one to perform sensitivity studies to assess how changes in key system variables alter the system's dynamic behavior. Such sensitivity studies can help one identify leverage points of a system to either help one affect a desire change with a minimum effort or to help estimate the risks or benefits associated with proposed or accidental changes in a system.
- Earth System Models such as those at Earth-System Models of Intermediate Complexity (more info) allow us to perform experiments related to the Earth System without altering and potentially harming the actual Earth. Many experiments, like understanding the future effects of atmospheric carbon dioxide increase, are taking place in the actual Earth System today but the results of these will not be know for 50 to 100 years. An Earth System model can run several such simulations using different assumptions in a matter of hours to days. The same is true for most models.
- The knowledge gained while using models and the understanding of model development and implementation are transferable to other disciplines related to the Earth system.
Other References supporting the usefulness of models for instruction
Demo Dozen at Creative Learning Exchange has some good information regarding the philosophy and usefulness of modeling activities in education. Download the Demo Dozen package towards the bottom of this page and open intro with Stella II. A free demo version of Stella II is available at ISEE Systems (more info)
Climate Sensitivity Research Lounge (more info)
Systems thinking: critical thinking skills for the 1990s and beyond (more info) Barry Richmond, 1993. in System Dynamics Review, Vol. 9, no. 2.
Examples of Climate Sensitivity Research Lounge (more info) research and links to publications.
Modeling Earth Processes using Spreadsheets and Commercial Models (PowerPoint 526kB May14 03) from 1st DLESE workshop presentation by William Locke/David Mogk Dept. of Earth Sciences Montana State University, Bozeman MT.


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Fügen Sie Produkte hinzu, indem Sie Codes hinzufügen
Fügen Sie eine CSV-Datei hinzu
Geben Sie die Codes der Produkte ein, die Sie in großen Mengen in den Warenkorb legen möchten (nach einem Komma, mit einem Leerzeichen oder von einer neuen Zeile).
Durch mehrmaliges Wiederholen des Codes wird dieser Artikel so oft hinzugefügt, wie er angezeigt wird.
§ 1. Definitions
- Regulations - these Regulations, determining the principles of concluding Distance selling contracts through the Internet Shop, the principles of performing these contracts, the rights and obligations of the parties and the principles of complaint proceedings. In the scope of services provided by electronic means, the Regulations are respectively the Regulations referred to in Article 8 of the polish Act on Rendering Electronic Services.
- The Client - a natural person having full capacity for legal actions, a legal person or an organizational unit without legal personality, which the law recognizes as having legal capacity, who concludes a Distance Selling Contract with the Seller.
- Consumer - a consumer in the meaning of Article 22 1 of the polish Civil Code. According to the statutory definition: a Consumer is understood as a natural person performing with an entrepreneur a legal action not directly related to his/her business or professional activity.
- Natural person running a sole proprietorship making a non-professional purchase - natural person concluding a Distance Sales Agreement directly not related to his/her business activity, when the content of this Contract indicates that it is not of a professional character for this person, resulting in particular from the subject of his/her business activity, made available on the basis of the provisions of the Central Registration and Information on Business, to whom the law grants the right to: withdraw from the agreement on the principles granted to Consumers, to apply the provisions on prohibited clauses used in standard agreements and concerning liability for defects of the sold thing.
Kera Audio Arkadiusz Trochymiak,
tel. ,
Address of the Seller's registered:
Czeczewo, ul. Gdańska 70,
84-208 Kielno. - Online Shop - an Internet service run by the Seller, available at electronic addresses: kera-audio.pl, through which the Client may obtain information about the Goods and their availability and buy the Goods or order the service.
- Distance selling contract - a contract for sale of the Goods/services/delivery of digital content (if applicable), concluded through the Online Shop.
- The Goods - a movable item that the Client may purchase in the Online Shop.
- Privacy and cookies policy of the Online Shop - a document setting out detailed rules for the processing of personal data and the use of cookies. The privacy and cookies policy constitutes Attachment No. 3 to the Regulations and is available at https://kera-audio.pl/eng-privacy-and-cookie-notice.html.
- Durable medium - means a material or a tool enabling the Client or the Seller to store information addressed personally to him/her in a way that enables access to information in the future for a time appropriate for the purposes the information is used for and which allows to reconstruct the stored information in an unchanged form, especially electronic mail.
- Electronic order form - electronic order procedure provided by the Seller to the Client.
- Electronic return form - electronic return procedure provided by the Seller to the Client; available at the address https://kera-audio.pl/returns-open.php.
- Electronic complaint form - electronic complaint procedure provided by the Seller to the Client; available at the address https://kera-audio.pl/rma-open.php.
- Sending an order - confirming the order by clicking on the button "" by the Client treated as submission by the Client of a binding declaration of will to conclude a Distance selling contract with the Seller.
- Account - a set of data stored in the Online Shop and in the Seller's ICT system concerning a given Client and orders placed by him and concluded Distance selling contracts, with the use of which the Client may place orders, as well as cancel, edit or conclude Distance selling contracts in due time.
- Order service evaluation and particular goods evaluation - subjective statements and evaluations made by the Client in the form of awarding stars from 1 to 5 for the Online Shop after the order is completed.
§ 2. General provisions
- Types and scope of services provided electronically:
- conclusion of Online selling contracts - with regard to Goods sold in the Online Shop,
- the rules of registration and use of the Account within the Online Shop,
- adding opinions, comments and assessments - the Client may add an opinion or comment to his order or transaction,
- sending e-mails confirming receipt of the order, payment, acceptance of the order by the Seller.
- The use of the Online Shop is possible provided that the IT system used by the Customer meets the following minimum technical requirements:
- Internet browsers in the current version i.e.;
- Firefox
- Chrome
- Microsoft Edge
- any program from viewing files in PDF format.
- Internet browsers in the current version i.e.;
- The Seller makes these Regulations and the Attachments available through a link located on the homepage before concluding the Distance selling contract, during the Contract and after its conclusion. The Client may download it and make a printout.
- In order to ensure the security of communication and data transmission in connection with the services provided, the Online Shop undertakes technical and organizational measures appropriate to the level of security of the services provided, in particular measures to prevent the acquisition and modification by unauthorized persons of personal data transmitted on the Internet.
§ 3. Orders
- Placing an order in the Online Shop can be done through an Account or by choosing the option of purchase without registration in which case an internal account is created on the basis of which the Customer can create an Account. The internal account is maintained until the data is deleted from the system or the Account is blocked.
- The purchase is made by filling in the electronic order form available on the pages of the Online Shop. The selection of the ordered Goods is made by adding them into the basket. The electronic order form specifies, among other things, which Goods, at what price and in what quantities the Client wants to order to the location indicated by him/her. The Client takes appropriate technical steps based on the displayed messages.
- After the Client provides all necessary data, a summary of the order will be displayed. The order summary will contain information concerning: data identifying the Seller, subject of the order, unit and total price of the ordered Goods, including delivery costs and other, if any, selected payment method, selected delivery method, delivery time and costs.
- If the subject of the contract is the delivery of digital content which is not recorded on a durable medium or services provided by the electronical means or remote services - the Client in an additional checkbox, required for placing an order and located on the Electronic order form, agrees to the following: "I consent to the delivery of digital content which is not stored on a durable medium or to the commencement of service provision before the expiry of 14 days from the date of conclusion of the contract and accept the loss of the right to withdrawal from the contract". The Seller will confirm receipt of the above mentioned consent by e-mail.
- To place an order, it is necessary to provide in the Electronic order form personal data marked as obligatory, accept the content of the Regulations, send the order by pressing the button "".
- Sending of an Electronic order form by the Client constitutes a binding declaration of will to conclude a Distance selling contract, in accordance with the content of these Regulations.
- Distance selling contract is treated as concluded at the moment of the Seller's acceptance of the Electronic order form, which is confirmed by displaying to the Client a message of acceptance the order and providing order's number.
- After concluding the Remote selling contract, the Client receives, in the form of an e-mail, a confirmation of the submitted order containing: confirmation of acceptance of the order for execution and containing final confirmation of all significant elements of the order and general conditions of the concluded Distance selling contract (Regulations of the Online Shop with Attachment 1 and 2), the Seller's data, the Seller's responsibility for the quality of performance, about services provided by the Seller after the sale and about the manner and effects of withdrawal from the contract. Information on the manner and effects of withdrawal from the contract, including the right to withdraw from the contract for the Consumer - is included in Attachment No 1.
- Until the Seller begins the execution of the order:
- The Client may change his order using the technical solution available on the Electronic order form and by going through the entire order path again. The change of the order is made by placing a new order, which replaces the previous one. Any possible payment made by the Client is settled towards the new order, and in case of overpayment it is returned to the bank account from which the payment was made.
- The Client may cancel his order by selecting the "cancel order" option available on the Electronic order form page.
- In case of cancellation of the order by the Client, the Seller shall return the received payment within 3 working days. The return of payment shall be made by using the same method of payment as used by the Client.
- The lead time for the order is between 1 and 30 working days from the day of concluding the Contract.
§ 4. Payment
- The Online Shop offers the possibility of making payments in the form of prepayments, . The option of deferred payment is possible in situations individually agreed with the Seller.
Payment for the Goods is made in a way as chosen during placing an order on the Electronic order form.
Currently available methods of prepayment in the Online Shop are available at the address https://kera-audio.pl/eng-payments.html.
§ 5. Delivery
- On the Electronic order form, the Client selects the method of delivery by ticking the choice made.
- In the case when the Goods are not collected by the Client, which results in return of the Goods to the Seller - the Seller may withdraw from the sales contract. Withdrawal from the contract takes place through submitting to the Client a statement in the form of an e-mail.
- In the situation indicated in the section 2, the Seller shall immediately return to the Client the received payment for the Goods purchased by the Client.
- The currently available methods of delivery in the Online Shop are available at the address https://kera-audio.pl/eng-delivery.html.
§ 6. Withdrawal from the contract - electronic return form
- Client who is a Consumer, who has concluded a Distance selling contract may withdraw from it within 14 days without giving any reason. In case of withdrawal from the Distance selling contract - the contract is considered as not concluded.
- A natural person who is running a sole proprietorship making a non-professional purchase shall also have the right to withdraw from the contract on the rules specified in chapters 6 and 7 of these Terms and Conditions.
- The Merchant shall verify the right to submit a statement of withdrawal from the Contract by the person referred to in point 2. Verification is conducted by checking whether the concluded contract is not of a professional nature for this person - which in particular is conducted by analysing the PKD codes indicated in the Central Registration and Information on Business.
- In the case of recognizing that the purchase of the goods made by a person running a sole proprietorship in the Online Shop was of a professional nature - the Merchant shall immediately, i.e. no later than within 3 working days from the receipt of a statement of withdrawal - inform the person making the statement, that due to the professional nature of the purchase made - he/she is not entitled to withdraw, and therefore the statement of withdrawal from the contract - shall not have legal effects. If, together with the statement of withdrawal, a physical return of the goods has been made - the goods shall be sent back at the expense of the person making the statementand to the address previously specified in the order. The Merchant's reply shall be given using the same method as the one used by the person making the statement.
- In the case of withdrawal from the contract - the Consumer bears only the direct costs of returning the Goods.
- The Consumer's statement must unequivocally express his will to withdraw from the contract; in particular the Consumer may:
- Use the Electronic return form available on the website of the Online Shop: https://kera-audio.pl/returns-open.php. The Seller shall immediately confirm on a durable medium the fact of receiving the statement of withdrawal from the contract submitted through the above mentioned form.
- Withdraw from the contract using the withdrawal form, which is Attachment No. 2 - by sending it to the address of the Seller's registered office.
- Sthe Seller shall immediately confirm on a durable medium the fact of receiving the declaration of withdrawal from the contract submitted in the manner indicated in 1 and 2 above.
- To meet the deadline it is sufficient to send the statement before its expiry.
- The period for withdrawal from the contract shall begin:
- for the contract in performance of which the Seller issues an item, being obliged to transfer its ownership - from taking possession of the Goods by the Consumer or a third party indicated by the Consumer to another carrier, and in the case of a contract which:
- includes many items, which are delivered separately, in batches or parts - from taking possession of the last item, batch or part;
- consists in regular delivery of goods for a fixed period of time - from taking possession of the first item;
- for other contracts - from the date of conclusion of the contract.
- for the contract in performance of which the Seller issues an item, being obliged to transfer its ownership - from taking possession of the Goods by the Consumer or a third party indicated by the Consumer to another carrier, and in the case of a contract which:
- Form of the declaration of withdrawal from the contract (Attachment No. 2 to these Regulations) and information on exercising the right of withdrawal from the contract (Attachment No. 1 to these Regulations) shall be provided to the Consumer in the electronic form indicated in paragraph 3 point 8 of these Regulations.
- Right to withdraw from the Distance selling contract is not available to the Consumer in relation to the contracts refffered to in Article 38 of the polish Act of 30.05.2014. (Journal of Laws of 2019, item 134) on consumer rights, that includes contracts:
- where the price or remuneration depends on fluctuations in the financial market, over which the trader does not exercise control, and which may occur before the expiry of the deadline for withdrawal from the contract;
- where the subject of the service is an unprocessed item, produced according to the Client's specifications or serving to satisfy his individual needs;
- whose subject of the service is an item delivered in sealed packaging, which cannot be returned for health protection or for hygienic reasons, if the packaging was opened after delivery;
- whose subject of the service is audio or visual recordings or computer programs delivered in sealed packaging, if the packaging has been opened after delivery;
- for the supply of digital content and electronic licenses that are not stored on a durable medium, if the performance began with the Consumer's express consent before the expiry of the deadline for withdrawal and after the trader informs him of the loss of the right of withdrawal;
- the object of which is an item that is subject to rapid deterioration or has a short period of useful life, and in which the object of performance is an item that, after delivery, is inseparably connected with other items due to its nature;
- for the supply of newspapers, periodicals or magazines, except for the subscription agreement;
- concluded by public auction;
- for the provision of accommodation services other than for residential purposes, carriage of Goods, car rental, catering, services related to leisure, entertainment, sports or cultural events, if the contract specifies the day or period of service provision;
- where the subject of the service is alcoholic beverages, the price of which was agreed upon at the conclusion of the contract of sale, and whose delivery can only take place after 30 days and whose value depends on market fluctuations, over which the entrepreneur has no control;
§ 7. Effects of withdrawal from a contract of sale of goods
- The Seller, within 14 days from the day of receiving the statement of withdrawal from the Contract of sale of Goods, shall return to the Consumer all payments made by him, including delivery costs, corresponding to the cheapest way of delivery offered by the Seller.
- The return of payment shall be made using the same method of payment as the Consumer used.
- If the Consumer in order to exercise the right of withdrawal - uses the Electronic return form - the funds shall be returned in the chosen way and to the bank account provided by the Consumer.
- If the Seller has not proposed to collect the Goods from the Consumer by himself, he may withhold the return of payments received from the Consumer until he receives the Goods back or receives from the Consumer proof of Goods' return, depending on which event occurs earlier.
- The Seller may propose to the Consumer to collect the item from the Consumer himself. However, if the Seller has not made such an offer - the Consumer shall return the item to the Seller (or to the person authorized by the Seller to collect it) immediately, but not later than 14 days from the day on which he withdrew from the contract. In order to keep the deadline, it is sufficient to send back the item before deadline expiry. The goods which the Consumer returns should be sent to the address of the Seller's registered office.
- The Consumer shall be responsible for reduction of the value of the Goods resulting from its use in a manner exceeding the one necessary to determine the nature, characteristics and functioning of the Goods.
§ 8. Complaints
- The Seller is obliged to deliver the Goods free from physical and legal defects and is responsible to the Client for physical and legal defects of the purchased Goods on the principles set forth in the polish Civil Code.
- If the Goods have physical or legal defects, the Client may submit a complaint to the Seller under the warranty for defects:
- through an Electronic complaint form;
- in a written form to the address of Seller's registered office or via e-mail to the firstname.lastname@example.com.
- The application should specify the defect, which, in the opinion of the Client, the Goods have, demands toward the Seller, and if possible - document the said defect. The Seller is obliged to respond to the complaint within 14 days from the date of its receipt. If the Seller has not responded within the aforementioned period, it shall be deemed to have acknowledged the complaint. The above deadline does not apply to the complaint in connection with which the Client wants to withdraw from the contract. The response to the complaint shall be provided by the Seller to the Client in writing or on a durable medium.
- The steps to be taken by the Client in order to lodge a complaint, including the method of delivery of the claimed Goods to the Seller are indicated at individual stages in the Electronic complaint form.
- In the case of the Seller's recognition of the complaint as justified: costs of replacement, repair, including the cost of shipment related to the complaint of the Goods shall be borne by the Seller.
- The Merchant shall verify whether the complaint submitted by a natural person running a sole proprietorship making a purchase of a non-professional nature is of a non-professional nature for that person. Verification shall be made by analysing the PKD codes indicated in the Central Registration and Information on Business.
- If, as a result of the complaint submitted by the Consumer, the dispute has not been resolved, the Seller provides the Consumer with a statement on paper or other durable medium:
- an intention to request the initiation of proceedings for the out-of-court settlement of consumer disputes or consent to participate in such proceedings, or
- refusal to participate in out-of-court consumer dispute resolution proceedings.
§ 9. Opinions
- In the specified period after the execution of the Order, the Client who has an Account - may be asked in an e-mail to add an Order service evaluation and particular goods evaluation. Order service evaluation and particular goods evaluation is voluntary and free of charge, and in order to do so, Client should click on the link, which transfers to a separate page. Within one order - the Client has the possibility to add the above mentioned ratings only once.
- The Customer may assign the above mentioned Rating in the form of stars from 1 to 5 and add a verbal statement limited to 65 535 verbal signs. The ratings are automatically signed with the Client's name and city, which is indicated by the Client when registering an Account.
- The ratings are stored and presented publicly on the website of the Online Shop as well as on the websites https://zaufaneopinie.idosell.com and https://trustedreviews.idosell.com.
- The Seller does not verify the content or does not control the Assessment of orders. The Client is solely and independently responsible for the statement made within the assessment. The Seller is entitled to block the Assessment in whole or in part on the principles resulting from legal regulations and these Regulations.
- It is unacceptable to place content containing untrue, misleading, vulgar, aggressive, offensive or obviously considered inconsistent with good manners. It is also unacceptable to place content of an illegal nature, violating the rights of third parties or constituting an act of unfair competition.
- The Client undertakes not to place content that contains links to external websites, having a promotional or advertising character or containing personal data of third parties. It is also prohibited to place content of an illegal nature, in particular those constituting an act of unfair competition, etc.
- The Client is responsible for the statements he edited and posted, in particular, is responsible for the infringement of rights or goods of third parties.
- At the Client's express request, the content of the Assesmnet may be hidden for other users of the Shop, but the awarded rating in the form of stars is included in the overall rating of the Shop and the Goods
§ 10. Intellectual property
- The Client declares that he has no rights of any kind, including copyright or related rights to the Assessment and statements posted by him, except for the right to use the Online Shop in the manner specified in the Regulations. The Client is not entitled to record, multiply, make available, make public or distribute the content in any way, unless such right results from legal regulations or the Regulations.
- The Client is not entitled to any interference with the content, in particular is not entitled to interfere with the content, structure, form, graphics, mechanism of operation or other elements of the Online Shop.
- By placing in the Online Shop the Assessment, which are works within the meaning of the polish Act of 4.2.1994 on Copyright and Related Rights - the Client grants the Seller a non-exclusive and free of charge and not limited in time and territory license to use these works by the Seller, together with the right to grant sublicense, which includes making the work available to the public in such way that everyone can have access to it at a place and time chosen by them (Internet). The license is granted with reference to all fields of exploitation known at the time of granting it, in particular to the following fields of exploitation:
- within the scope of recording and multiplication of the work by any technique - in particular by printing, reprography, magnetic or digital recording, i.e. using any techniques on any audiovisual or visual carrier, in particular on audiovisual disks, CDs, computer disks, in a multimedia network, including Internet and related online services, and multiplication, recording, use in the Internet, advertising, multiplication of the recording in electronic form in the computer memory and in internal and external networks,
- use of the whole or fragments or any elements of the work with the possibility of modification resulting from the essence of the given Internet medium - in all publications, in particular online, digital, in newsletters and information, alone or in combination with other works or fragments of works; use of the whole or fragments for promotion and advertising, in particular in the form of audiovisual, audio, media advertising.
- in respect of circulation of the original or copies on which the work is recorded - marketing, lending, rental of the original or copies
- as regards distribution of the work in a manner other than that specified above, to the public performance, exhibition, display, reproduction, broadcasting and rebroadcasting, and to the public making the work available to the public in such a way that everyone can access it at a place and time of their choice,
- use of works for promotional and marketing purposes.
- Cancellation of the Account by the Client or the Assessment in accordance with chapter IX point 8 does not affect the validity of the above license.
§ 11. Final provisions
- These Terms and conditions of the Online Shop apply from 2022.05.17.
- In case of change or cancellation of any of the provisions of these Regulations by a decision of a competent authority or court, the remaining provisions shall remain in force and shall be binding on the Seller and the Client.
- The law applicable to resolve any disputes related to the Regulations is Polish law. Such disputes shall be resolved by a common court of competent local jurisdiction. The Client who is a Consumer may also make use of out-of-court ways of examining complaints and pursuing claims. All information concerning out-of-court ways of handling complaints and asserting claims can be obtained on the website of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection at: www.uokik.gov.pl. At the same time, we would like to inform you that the indicated proceedings are voluntary in nature and both parties must agree to them.
- On the basis of the Regulation (EU) No 524/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2013, we inform that an online platform for the settlement of disputes between consumers and traders at the EU level (ODR platform) is available at https://ec.europa.eu/consumers/odr. The ODR platform is a website with a one-stop-shop for consumers and traders seeking out-of-court settlement of a dispute concerning contractual obligations arising from an online sales or service contract.
§ 12. Attachment 1 - Information on exercising the right of withdrawal
- A person running a sole proprietorship who makes a purchase of a non-professional character, i.e. resulting in particular from the subject of his/her business activity, made available on the basis of the provisions of the Central Registration and Information on Business, shall also have the right to withdraw from the contract under the following rules. You have the right to withdraw from the contract under the following rules - the Consumer. The Consumer shall have the right to withdraw from the contract under the following rules. You have the right to withdraw from this contract within 14 days without giving any reason. The withdrawal period expires after 14 days:
- in the case of a sales contract, from the day on which you acquire possession of the goods or on which a third party other than the carrier and indicated by you acquires possession of the goods;
- in the case of a contract requiring transfer of ownership of multiple items, which are delivered separately from the day on which you acquire possession of the last item or on which a third party other than the carrier and indicated by you acquires possession of the last item;
- in the case of a contract imposing an obligation to transfer ownership of items delivered in instalments or parts from the day on which you acquire possession of the last lot or part or on which a third party other than the carrier and indicated by you acquires possession of the last lot or part;
- in the case of contracts for regular delivery of goods for a fixed period of time from the day on which you acquire possession of the first item or on which a third party other than the carrier and indicated by you acquires possession of the first item;
- in the case of contracts for the supply of services or digital content which are not supplied on a durable medium, from the day of conclusion of the contract.
- To exercise your right of withdrawal, you must inform us, Kera Audio Arkadiusz Trochymiak, Czeczewo, ul. Gdańska 70, 84-208 Kielno, tel. , email@example.com about your decision to withdraw from this agreement by an unequivocal statement (for example, a letter sent by post, fax or e-mail).
- You may use the model withdrawal form, but this is not obligatory.
- You can also fill in the Electronic return form available on the Online Shop's website: https://kera-audio.pl/returns-open.php. If you make use of this option, we will immediately send you a confirmation of receipt of your withdrawal on a durable medium.
- In order to keep the withdrawal period, it is sufficient for you to send information about the exercise of your right of withdrawal before the withdrawal period expires.
- In the event of withdrawal from this contract, the Seller shall reimburse the Customer all payments received from the Customer, including the costs of delivery of the Goods (with the exception of the additional costs resulting from the method of delivery chosen by the Customer other than the cheapest usual method of delivery offered by the Seller), immediately and in any event no later than 14 days from the date on which the Seller is informed of the Customer's decision to exercise the right of withdrawal from this contract. The seller will reimburse the Customer using the same payment methods as the Customer used in the original transaction, unless the Customer have expressly agreed otherwise.
- n the case of contracts obliging the transfer of ownership of the goods, in which we have not offered to take back the Goods in case of withdrawal from the contract - we shall refrain from returning the payment until we have received the goods or until we have been provided with proof of their return, whichever occurs first.
- Please send back the returned item Kera Audio Arkadiusz Trochymiak, Czeczewo, ul. Gdańska 70, 84-208 Kielno immediately, and in any case not later than 14 days from the day on which you informed us about your withdrawal from this contract. The deadline is met if you send back the item before the expiry of the 14-day deadline. You will have to bear the direct costs of returning the item.
- Due to the weight and dimensions of the Goods, in case of withdrawal from the contract - the return of the Goods may involve higher costs than the usual postage. If you wish to use the services of courier companies, it may be necessary to send the goods on a pallet, which is more expensive than a regular postage.


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Friday, January 29, 2010
Take 2
Reader Richard Guy whipped up a couple of alternatives, based on comments made in the other posts. What do people think of these?
24 comments:
I like either of those better than the original, which I found typographically offensive. I really didn't like the variation in weight between the D, I and E and the other letters -- it made it look like the font had been poorly cobbled together. These new ones look much more coherent and consistent.
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