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Study suggests cannabis does not increase suicidal behaviour in psychiatric patients
McMaster study looked to understand how cannabis use impacts suicide attempts in men and women with psychiatric disorders.
June 13, 2018
McMaster researchers have found there is no significant association between cannabis use and suicidal behaviour in people with psychiatric disorders.
The study findings contrast with pre-existing data that shows the drug is linked to an increased chance of suicidal behaviour in the general population.
However, based on a small subset of participants, researchers did note the heaviness of cannabis use increased risk of suicidal behaviour in men, suggesting a closer follow-up by medical professionals of those patients.
The study was published in the journal Biology of Sex Differences.
"In what we believe to be a first, this study seeks to understand how cannabis use impacts suicide attempts in men and women with psychiatric disorders who are already at a heightened risk of attempting suicide," said Zainab Samaan, lead author and an associate professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences at McMaster.
"We know there is a high rate of cannabis use among this population and wanted to better understand any potential correlation to suicidal behaviour."
Cannabis is the most commonly-used illicit substance worldwide, and its consumption is expected to increase as more jurisdictions, including Canada, legalize its recreational use.
The team of researchers, predominantly based in Hamilton, merged data collected for two studies based in Ontario. These included a prospective cohort study of opioid use disorder using structured scales to assign psychiatric diagnoses, and a case-control study on suicidal behaviour using the same diagnostic methods to reach a psychiatric diagnosis including substance use.
Data was analyzed from a total of 909 psychiatric patients, including 465 men and 444 women. Among this group, 112 men and 158 women had attempted suicide. The average age was 40 years.
"While there was no clear link between cannabis and suicide attempts, our findings did show that among participants with psychiatric disorders, having a mood disorder or being a woman correlates with an increased risk of suicide attempt," said Leen Naji, the study's first author and a family medicine resident at McMaster. "Meanwhile, having a job is protective against suicide attempts."
Naji said that further research is needed, considering Canada's changing laws on cannabis use, and the Mental Health Action Plan of the World Health Organization which has the aim to reduce the rate of suicide by 10 per cent by 2020.
"Our study is both timely and relevant, especially in light of the impeding legalization of recreational cannabis with an expected increase in access in Canada, and there remains uncertainty about the full effect of cannabis on those living with psychiatric disorders," she said.
Samaan added that the study findings may serve to educate health professionals when assessing patients' risk of suicide. She said the results also reinforce suggested benefits of supporting patients with psychiatric disorders in job placements and skills development.
Additional researchers on the study came from Hamilton Health Sciences, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton and St. George's, University of London.
The study is supported by grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), the Brain and Behaviour Research Foundation, and Hamilton Academic Health Sciences Organization.


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Recipe By: Betty Crocker's Slow Cooker Cookbook
Serving Size: 8
1 pound dried black-eyed peas (2 cups), sorted & rinsed
1 medium onion, chopped (1/2 cup)
6 cups water
1 teaspoon salt
1/2 teaspoon pepper
3/4 cup salsa
Mix all ingredients except salsa in a 3 1/2 to 6 quart slow cooker.
Cover and cook on high for 3 to 4 hours or until peas are tender.
Stir in salsa.
Cover and cook on high about 10 minutes or until hot.
Serving Ideas: Cooked greens such as spinach or collards are the perfect mate for black-eyed peas. Cornbread completes the meal.

subset: commoncrawl


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Новости 2018
Мюнхене, 10.07.2018
BAUER KOMPRESSOREN congratulates the rescue forces in Thailand
Seventeen days ago in the North Thailand city of Chiang Rai, twelve members of a youth football team and their coach were exploring a local cave when they found their retreat cut off after flooding in the caves from heavy rainfall. The world tensely followed the desperate attempts of teams of divers from the Thai Navy Seals to rescue the group, with assistance from international specialist teams. At times, up to 1000 emergency rescue helpers were involved in the search. Today came the message that all had been hoping for: all the missing boys had been sucessfully rescued unharmed from the cave in the course of a extremely difficult, strenuous and dangerous search and rescue operation.
To produce the enormous volumes of breathing air required by the divers, several MARINER large-scale mobile breathing air compressors were in use on site. BAUER KOMPRESSOREN congratulates the rescuers and is delighted to have played a small part in helping to find the missing group.
For more information, visit:
BAUER KOMPRESSOREN GmbH Stäblistr. 8 81477 Мюнхен, Германия | |
Тел.: | +49 (0) 89 / 78049 – 0 |
Факс: | +49 (0) 89 / 78049 – 167 |
Эл. почта: | email@example.com |


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Exam Profile: Microsoft System Center Operations Manager 2007, Configuring (70-400)
The 70-400 exam is meant to be taken by those who have a minimum of one year of experience using Microsoft Operations Manager (MOM) 2005 or System Center Operations Manager (SCOM) in medium-sized to large organizations. You are expected to have knowledge of and experience with the following:
- Active Directory
- Configuring Distributed Applications
- Using the Microsoft Windows PowerShell scripting engine to automate tasks with System Center Operations Manager 2007
- Configuring Management Packs
- Deploying Management Pack Solutions.
System Center Operations Manager is a software solution to meet the need for end-to-end service monitoring in the enterprise IT environment. Operations Manager provides an easy-to-use monitoring environment that can monitor thousands of servers, applications, and clients. This type of monitoring provides a comprehensive view of the health of an organization's IT environment.
After you pass the Microsoft System Center Operations Manager 2007, Configuring exam, you complete the requirements for the following certification:
- Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist (MCTS): System Center Operations Manager 2007, Configuration.
You also earn credit toward the following certifications:
- Microsoft Certified Systems Administrator (MCSA) on Windows Server 2003
- Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer (MCSE) on Windows Server 2003
In order to earn your Microsoft MCSA certification, you will be required to pass four exams (in any order):
- Two exams on networking systems
- One exam on client operating systems
- One elective exam
In order to earn your Microsoft MCSE certification, you will be required to pass seven exams (in any order):
- Four exams on networking systems
- One exam on client operating systems
- One exam on design
- One elective exam
The 70-400 is an elective exam.
Exam Details
- Number of Questions: Approximately 47 questions (Since Microsoft does not publish this information, the number of exam questions may change without notice.)
- Type of Question: This test format is multiple choice.
- Passing Score: 700/1000
- This passing score does not mean that you must answer 70 percent of the items correctly in order to pass the exam The actual percentage varies from exam to exam and may be more or less than 70 percent. There is no penalty for guessing. No points are deducted for incorrect answers. If a question specifies that you must choose multiple correct answers, you must choose the exact number of correct answers specified in the question in order to earn a point for that item. Some of the questions on the exam may not count toward the calculation of your score. Microsoft will often throw a question in that is meant to gather data that will help them improve the exam.
- Time Limit: 120 minutes
- How to Register: Prometric.com


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Yes, our inventory is accurate!
Qualifies Towards Free Ground Economy Shipping (CONUS Only) For Most Orders Of $79 Or More
The Night Sky is widely recognized by the amateur astronomy and educational communities as the overall best planisphere on the market.
With instructions printed on the back for handy reference you will be locating constellations and select deep sky objects within minutes.
Designed for approximately 40° - 50° North latitude.
The Night Sky is Designed to be Used!
- Unlike coffee-table planispheres, The Night Sky is printed with dark stars on a light background, for easy nighttime readability.
- The constellations are drawn simply, emphasizing the brighter stars which makes them easy to recognize and locate with the naked eye or entry level equipment.
- Coordinate grid lines are shown without being intrusive. Coordinates are shown because they can be useful for cross referencing with star atlases.
- A selection of deep sky objects for binocular viewing is included.
- The Night Sky is larger than it looks! The map scale is larger than on similar-size planispheres because the whole sky does not have to be shown on a single map.


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The Semantic Web: ESWC 2019 Satellite Events. Portoroz, Slovenia, June 2-6, 2019, Revised Selected Papers, vol. 11762. Heidelberg: Springer, 2019.
, "Pattern-Based Linked Data Publication: The Linked Chess Dataset Case", in Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Consuming Linked Data co-located with 14th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2015), Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, US, October 12th, 2015, 2015, vol. 1426. DonETAL-PatternBasedLinkedDataLinkedChessCase-COLD2015.pdf (184.42 KB)


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MPEG-A » History » Version 295
« Previous -
Version 295/420
(diff) -
Next » -
Current version
Panos Kudumakis, 2016-05-27 01:27 PM
MPEG-A: Interactive Music Application Format
MixRights (featuring collaborative music creation & remixing, karaoke & chords, tagging & sharing in social nets & counting .... music citations !) will be presented at Interactive Music Hack-Fest in London, 11 June 2016 & Sonar+D in Barcelona, 16-18 June 2016.
We would like to further enhance IM AF with new technologies. Topics for student projects available (at all levels UG/MSc/PhD) to be taken are given below. Programming languages background is a prerequisite as well as willingness to learn new ones, e.g., HTML5. Furthermore, students are expected to develop knowledge and skills on working with latest standards (MPEG, EBU, DMP) as well as acquire commercial and market perspective of music technologies for internet, broadcasting and mobile applications.Sonic Visualiser with IM AF support featuring automatic chords extraction aligned in time with lyrics:
Executables for windows & mac os/x & Source code
La Fuga an IM AF (.ima) song by Emilio Molina Martínez.
Tiny Human an IM AF (.ima) song by Imogen Heap.
- Lyrics extraction and/or highlighting for karaoke apps EPSRC: Music Repurposing
- Rights tracking for fair artists remuneration MVCO (Rethink Music & Mycelia)
- Dynamic adaptive audio streaming DASH
- 3D audio mixing MPEG-H Audio
- Second screen music recommendation
- Vocaloid animation
If you would like to involve in this project please contact p.kudumakis at qmul.ac.uk
- Thomas Wilmering (C4DM Post-doc)
Music remix: Derivative works rights tracking
Requirements for a Media Value Chain Ontology
WD ISO/IEC 21000-19/AMD1 on time-segments & multi-track audio, Feb. 2016
- Mariano Mora-Mcginity (C4DM PhD Candidate)
HTML5 IM AF Player ver. 3
Featuring music remix
DMRN+10 Dec. 2015
- Luke Barlow (C4DM collaborator)
HTML5 IM AF Player ver. 2
Featuring robustness & zoom in/out
DMRN+9 Dec. 2014
- Jesús C. García (Univ. of Malaga)
IM AF codec in Sonic Visualiser
Featuring lyrics, metadata, dynamic volume, URL
MSc Thesis, Jun. 2014 - in Spanish Awarded Best Thesis by COIT-AORM & AITA, 30 Oct. 2015
53rd AES Paper, Jan. 2014
- Costantino Taglialatela (C4DM visitor)
IM AF codec in Sonic Visualiser
Featuring still pictures, rules, presets, groups, EQ
MSc Thesis, Jul. 2013
53rd AES Paper, Jan. 2014
- Giacomo Herrero (Univ. of Malaga)
HTML5 IM AF Player ver. 1
Featuring multi-track audio, lyrics, album picture & metadata
CMMR'13 Paper, Oct. 2013
- Eugenio Oñate (C4DM)
IM AF encoder: proof of concept
Featuring multi-track audio
MSc Thesis, Aug. 2012
DMRN+7 Paper, Dec. 2012
Related publications
- Jesús C. García, Panos Kudumakis, Isabel Barbancho, Lorenzo J. Tardón and Mark Sandler, 'Enabling interactive and interoperable semantic music applications', Springer Handbook for Systematic Musicology, Apr. 2014. In press.
- Panos Kudumakis, Inseon Jang and Mark Sandler, 'A New Interactive MPEG Format for the Music Industry', 7th International Symposium on Computer Music Modeling and Retrieval (CMMR'10), Málaga, Spain, 21-24 June, 2010.
- IM AF: What's next?
- IM AF MSc study by Tracy Redhead - 2015
- IM AF functionality in STEMS by Native Instruments - 2015
- IM AF/STEMS to be supported in LANDR by MixGenius - 2016


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A newcomer to the market, DRY Soda, is helping eliminate this problem with a new concept in beverages. DRY sparkling soda is a bubbly non-alcoholic option that contains a small amount of natural cane sugar along with some unusual and complex flavorings. They're satisfying, perhaps because the natural sugar replaces some of the sugar you would normally get in alcohol, and don't make you feel deprived because you're not drinking booze. Because the blend of sugar and acidity is balanced – just as winemakers do with dry wines, balancing sweetness and sharpness – the flavors are appealing on their own, go great with food, and also mix beautifully with juices, champagne, wines, vodka or other spirits.
Pick from unique flavors like rhubarb, ginger, blood orange, vanilla bean and lavender that go beyond the club soda idea by contributing their own refreshing fizzy flavors to whatever cocktail – or mocktail – you build. The blood orange has a distinctive fresh-orange-y taste without being overly sweet. While we're not usually fans of cherry-flavored anything, the DRY Rainier cherry sparkler tasted good with a balance of just-a-touch of fresh-dark-cherry flavor and not too much sweetness. We particularly liked the vanilla bean – smooth, aromatic like real vanilla, and with perfectly balanced flavor. Delicious on its own and almost good enough to sub for dessert!
DRY offers recipes that help you cut out some alcohol: "No Champagne, No Gain" makes a nice alternative to a traditional champagne toast. "Holiday Trail" mixes vanilla bean DRY, orgeat syrup (a sweet almond/orange blossom concoction – here's how to make your own orgeat) and bourbon. Mix pureed strawberries and vanilla bean DRY in a "Caliberry Spritzer." Or just pair and enjoy these drinks with your meals.


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Parents & Families
College will mean a lot of changes for your family. Your relationship with your college-aged students will change as their independence grows. You will begin to interact with their emerging adult self. For many students this will be the first time they have lived apart from their families.
There are many single parent families and students living with extended families sending a student to college. Although family structures differ greatly, much of what they experience as a student going to college is very similar. You can expect that much of the information here will relate to your situation very well.
You may have played a significant role in helping your student choose and make application to Western. There is a great deal of paperwork to complete for such things as financial aid, housing, and class registration. Much of this you may have helped sort through. All of this is important and now equally important is to help them with plans to actually move to campus. Our advice is to help them prepare but don't prepare for them. It will be important for their success that they learn to seek out the necessary assistance and solve problems as they arise. We are not saying you should leave them totally alone but trusting your student to make decisions and solve problems will help build their self-confidence.
Advice for Parents and Family Members
Recognize that leaving current friends can be difficult. Encourage your student to spend a little more time with friends in the weeks before they leave for college. You can show them you understand by getting them a small address book for phone numbers of friends.
Be supportive if your student becomes distant. It is not unusual for teens to become more distant from family members as they anticipate leaving for college. It may help them distance themselves from the emotional stress of leaving family members. Give them a little more space but let them know you are there to listen or talk.
Help them decide what to pack. Use our web site resources and sit down together to brainstorm what they will want to bring. Encourage them to bring a few things that will make their new space feel more like home.
Learn about the different campus resources at Western. Residence hall staff are some of the most helpful contacts for your student and for you. You can learn more about their responsibilities and how to reach them on this web site. Western Illinois University Division of Student Services staff are eager to help you with questions and information. A good place to start if you are not sure what office you need to contact is the Student Assistance & Parent Service Center.
Review the "living-on-your-own" basics with them. Your student may already be doing laundry at home on their own but going over some of these things will get both of you in the right frame of mind as they prepare to come to campus. If your student feels that he/she has a handle on these things, tell him/her to humor you. A quick class in Laundry 101 may help them avoid having to wear something pink every day of the week.
Managing their finances can be very different than what they are currently experiencing. There are a lot of new financial priorities to rank as students develop new friends, new interests, and costs associated with classes or student organizations. Discuss each other's feelings about working a part-time job. Let them know what you are able to provide towards their expenses. Talk about a budget, using a check book, paying bills, ATM cards, and credit cards. Students are often presented with numerous opportunities to sign up for a credit card. A discussion about credit cards can help prevent future stress for the student and possible family conflicts.
Cooking and washing dishes is something we do a majority of the time for the student at Western. Your student will eat in the dining centers or Union food court 90% of the time. However, every student will heat up a pizza or make cookies with a roommate at some point in their college career. As a family make a college dinner of macaroni and cheese with a host of other healthy but simple snacks for fun and practice. You can talk about eating healthy and staying fit while they are at college.
How long have you been telling them to clean their room? You may out of routine do all or most of the cleaning around your home. You may be surprised to know that we have students who struggle with understanding good hygiene habits. It can be hard for a student's self-esteem to be confronted by a roommate for having an especially messy side of the room, not regular washing of clothes, or showering on a regular basis. This does not happen very often but observe your student's current behaviors and see if you find yourself having to remind them of these basics.


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Women's Print Bikini Brief in Candy Apple Polka Dots
Put some bliss into your day with our ultra-soft bikini briefs. Our bikinis are styled low across the hips to work with all your low-rise pants and skirts.
- A non-slip, silicone edge keeps our underwear in all the right places
- No-show panty
- Breathable, buttery soft Bamboo fabric (95% Viscose from Bamboo, 5% Spandex)
- Machine Washable
- Now rated UPF 50+!
KICKEE Bamboo Signature Blend
Soft and stretchy to the touch and loved for its lightweight, breathable and temperature-regulating qualities, our Signature Blend is what put us on the map. KICKEE's Signature Blend will keep you cool, dry, and fresh in all conditions and climates. Made of 95% viscose from bamboo (organically and sustainably grown) and 5% spandex for stretch.
Fit and Care Notes: Lightweight and luxuriously soft. No fuss care - machine wash and tumble dry low.


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That Time Carson Daly Told Blake Shelton and Gwen Stefani to 'Pump the Brakes'
As Blake Shelton and Gwen Stefani's hearts were racing toward one another, friend and The Voice host Carson Daly was saying, "Slow down!"
Five years ago, the country couple were falling in love, but Daly was worried.
The host shared the story during Stefani's appearance on Today on Thursday (Jan. 14). During an interview to talk about her new music, the subject turned to Shelton, with both nodding in agreement that there are some untold stories about their romance that will remain untold. But Daly did share one.
"Five years ago, when you started to date Blake ... we went back to your house, your old house in L.A., and I sat you and Blake down in the kitchen," Daly recalls in a clip at the Today Show website.
"And I said, 'You guys, pump the brakes. This is not good. This is not going to work.' And I looked at Gwen, and I said, 'You're much, much too good for this guy. You're smart. You're intelligent. You're one of my oldest friends ... And then there's Blake."
Gwen Stefani and Blake Shelton: A Timeline of Their Love
The degree to which Daly stretches his story isn't entirely clear, but Stefani acknowledges that something like describes did happen, her heart racing as she listens to him tell the story.
"Yes, Carson, you witnessed that," she says later.
Shelton and Stefani started dating in late 2015 as both were coming off of high-profile divorces. Stefani, 51, says that when you find love late in life, you're quick to want to marry, so while the two have talked about marriage since the very beginning and talked about it regularly, she's glad the proposal didn't come until last fall.
"There was a lot of healing to do," she admits. "It was just natural."
A wedding date has not been set, as both parties are wanting to wait until after the pandemic softens so friends and family can bear witness. Look for Shelton on NBC's The Voice this winter and spring. Stefani is taking the season off.
Blake Shelton Spent How Much on Gwen Stefani's Ring?
See Blake Shelton + Gwen Stefani's Stunning California Mansion
See Blake Shelton Through the Years


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Soy Toilet Scrub
Regular price
Soy Toilet Scrub
Biokleen Soy Blends Soy Toilet Scrub. Natural Volcanic Perlite, and Essential Mint Oil Cleaning Power. Natural. Non-Toxic. Biodegradable. Stain and odor fighting. Cleans, Shines, and Protects!
We are the environment: Our everyday cleaning choices affect our health, the health of our family, and the health of our planet. Biokleen products are concentrated in order to leave the smallest footprint on the environment. Concentrated = Fewer Fillers = Less Waste = Less Packaging = Less Energy Used in Shipping = More Value for Everyone.
Our Soy Toilet Scrub effectively cleans and deodorizes toilets without the use of harmful acids or caustics.
- Environmentally friendly with no negative effects on rivers, streams, plants or wildlife.
- Kind to those with chemical sensitivities and allergies.
- No artificial fragrance, colors or preservatives.
- 99% VOC Free and Ozone Safe.
- Trusted company since 1989.
Contains NO: Phosphate, Chlorine, Ammonia, Petroleum Solvents, Alcohol, Butyl, Glycol ether, SLS or SLES, EDTA, DEA, No SARA Title III, CA 65, or EPA priority pollutants. No materials listed by the ACGIH as hazardous.
INGREDIENTS: Soybean Oil Extract, Surfactants from Coconut and/or Corn, Xanthan Gum, Zeolite, Low pH Silicate, Linear Sulfonate, Essential Oils from Mint, less than 0.2% Environmentally-friendly Polymer, Natural Volcanic Perlite, Filtered Water.
- Directions & Uses:
- - Toilet Stains & Odors: Apply directly to toilet bowl and under rim, scrub lightly, letting the micro-scrubbers do the work, then flush. No need to let sit.
- - Porcelain, Sinks, Tubs & Tiles, and Shower Doors: Apply with sponge, soft brush or directly on stain. Rub lightly, letting the micro-scubbers do the work. Rinse with damp cloth and water.
- Keep out of reach of children.
- Caution: Eye irritant. In case of eye contact flush eyes with cool water for 15 minutes. In case of ingestion, do not induce vomiting -- drink plenty of water to dilute.
- No animal testing. No animal ingredients.
- Made in USA


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Tag Archives: Artemisia pycnocephala 'David's Choice
bug report & EOMV
"None of the ants previously seen by man were more than an inch in length – most considerably under that size. But even the most minute of them have an instinct and talent for industry, social organization, and savagery that … Continue reading
Posted in agaves, woody lilies, creatures, pots and containers, succulents
Tagged Adenanthos sericeus, Agave vilmoriniana 'Stained Glass', Aloe 'Rooikappie', Aloe capitata var. quartzicola., Aloe elgonica, Argentine ants, Artemisia pycnocephala 'David's Choice, Cotinis mutabilis, Crassula alba var. parvisepala, Cussonia gamtoosensis, end of month view, Eucalyptus 'Moon Lagoon', Euphorbia 'Lime Wall', Grevillea 'Moonlight', Linepithema humile, Senecio medley-woodii
20 Comments


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growing vases
During this year's Salone, an exhibition of three designs by three designers including Mathieu Lehanneur and nendo under the art direction of designer Fabio Novembre showcased the artistry of venerable Czech Bohemian glass maker Lasvit's glassblowers.
We were assigned the abstract theme 'cocoon', and asked to create work that would directly convey the quixotic appeal of glass as something that is impractical and incomplete, but provides a breath of fresh air, opening up new possibilities.We decided to take the brief in a playful direction, and to suggest both breathing and the incomplete by displaying the metal pipes used by glassblowers, still attached to the glass objects that they were used to make. By turning the pipes into flowers and branches and the glass into a vase, we literally turned convention on its head, making flowers blooming in vases into vases blooming from flowers to represent the flower bulbs that draw nutrients from plants through photosynthesis and store new life.


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Using PowerShell to get/start VM´s from Hyper-V servers in Active Directory
Of course I would rather have all my hosts in my System Center VMM 2012 SP1 but if I do not, or I just as an ITPro admin want to check if there are some new Hyper-V servers out there in my Active Directory and if they have VM´s on them I can use PowerShell.
I have looked at Ravikanth´s blog and done some modifications, also I am using the Win2012 and Powershell v3.
I can with the following powershell cmd get all hyper-v virtual machines in my Active Directory (of some reason the VMware machines do not get registered in the AD as virtual machines). With powershell version 3 it autoloads the Active Directory Module, this requires though that I have the feature RSAT-AD-PowerShell installed, easily done with Get-WindowsFeature RSAT-AD-PowerShell | Add-WindowsFeature.
Get-ADObject -Filter 'Name -like "*Virtual*"' | %{$_.DistinguishedName.Split(",")[1].replace("CN=","") }
I cannot do so much more with this information, what I want is to check a list of Hyper-V servers and also try to get the VM´s on them, sadly only win2012 servers can interact with the hyper-v powershell module and give that info, but hey whom has win 2008 r2 hyper-v servers 😉
This first query gives me all Hyper-V servers in the domain, 2008->2012
Get-ADObject -Filter 'Name -like "*Hyper-V"' | %{$_.DistinguishedName.Split(",")[1].replace("CN=","") }
This next query uses that info and asks the Hyper-V servers for their VM´s
Get-ADObject -Filter 'Name -like "*Hyper-V"' | %{$_.DistinguishedName.Split(",")[1].replace("CN=","") } | %{get-vm -ComputerName $_ -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue} | ft ComputerName,Name,State,Uptime -AutoSize
I can also use this to do things with the VM´s, like starting or stopping, observe that i just want to start the VM´s that start with the name test*.
Get-ADObject -Filter 'Name -like "*Hyper-V"' | %{$_.DistinguishedName.Split(",")[1].replace("CN=","") } | %{get-vm test* -ComputerName $_ -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue} | Start-VM


text:
Address: | |
23849 West Road | |
Brownstown, MI 48134 | |
Large Map & Directions | |
Phone: | |
(734) 362-8353 | |
Website: | |
http://www.citizensbank.com | |
Opened: | |
2002-06-30 |
Mon: | 10:30 AM - 06:30 PM |
Tue: | 10:30 AM - 06:30 PM |
Wed: | 10:30 AM - 06:30 PM |
Thu: | 10:30 AM - 06:30 PM |
Fri: | 10:30 AM - 07:00 PM |
Sat: | 11:00 AM - 04:00 PM |
Sun: | 11:00 AM - 03:00 PM |
The only debit + credit card that matches your political donations. Click here to see now!
Established On: | |
May 13, 2005 | |
FDIC Certificate Number: | |
57957 | |
Total Assets: | |
$106,947,600,000 | |
Deposit Insurance: | |
Community Bank: | |
No | |
Asset Concentration: | |
Commercial Lending Specialization | |
Institution Class: | |
Commercial bank, national (federal) charter and Fed member, supervised by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) |
Reviews & Feedback
Account number
horrible horrible horrible
These members of Citizens Bank Mystic, CT are always helpful 🙂
I have continuing problems accessing my accounts on line.
Last month i requested paper statements. That request was not granted. Today I called customer service. On hold 30 minutes. Then, I was not granted a clear answer as to why I am not receiving my statements. Able m the rep, also told me there would be charges for the paper statements. When I requested to speak to his supervisor, I was put on a long hold again. I need to speak to soemone in the branch. I want to apply for a mortgage. Thank yo Fred Scharr 845-222-2525
Elizabeth Luis y Katherine estrada deberian agradecer que hoy siguen trabajando se iban a poner los huevos a dollar denle gracias a Dios que me llamaron a tiempo y no someti la forma legal que tuve en las manos saliendo de la Corte. Las2 son pacotillas discriminadoras .como es posible que no cambies un cheque que es de tu propio banco por8.000 dolares a las10.am diqqque por que era mucho dinero ..ignorantes las2
Hi there,
I am in the process of buying a boat from Pak Boats and the information given to me for money transfer is your branch. Before I do any such transfer from Singapore, just checking if the account given to me is correct and valid for Pakboat/Scan Sport Account - 3305143810.
Please reply to me via email. Thank you.
Cheng H. LIM
Most of the tellers at the lakeshore branck soinexperienced
hi team,
hope this email finds you well.
I am tracing a cheque no. 514530438-1 dated November 01,2017 payee: Eileen Bayagau drawer Citizens Bank, N.A.
This was presented at Bank of South Pacific Limited, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea and was forwarded to your good bank enclosed with our official letter head dated 12 January 2018 under Clean Bill for collection via TNT Connote no. GE938838938WW on even dated.
From Track & Trace, we found shipment number 938838938 containing 1 item delivered in good condition at United States Eastern and was Signed by a M.VALENTINE at 17-1 10:50
To-date we claim non-receipt of funds.
Could you please have a look into this matter and kindly respond via Swift to BOSPPGPM or email.
Thanking you in advance and will very much appreciate your favorable response.
Best Regards
Maria Goretti Ovia
Trade Officer | International Operations
Bank of South Pacific Limited
Waigani Head Office | Section 34, Allotment 6&7, Klinki Street, Waigani Drive
P.O.Box 78, PORT MORESBY, NATIONAL CAPITAL DISTRICT, PAPUA NEW GUINEA
T: +675 3057888 | E: firstname.lastname@example.com | W: www.bsp.com.pg
Do not find your hours very accommodating to customer needs.. Many banks in the area have earlier and later drive-up hours..wish you were more accessible.. Thank you..
I talked too someone threw customer service about fraud being on my account they said we will send me a free bank threw fed ex free of charge and I still haven't received this card
Very welcoming atmosphere. The employees are friendly and efficient. The manager has often acted as an advocate for my elderly mother.
I'm am goingoing to change too citizens bank because of their good customer service.
I walked in to have a simple Identify Verification done for a credit card company. At first the teller told me I could be helped by the licensed banker on call. Miss Teal Christoffersen. However, once I was in her office, she told me she had no idea what I was asking for. I told her the credit card company told me it was a simple procedure any bank could do, she just needed to confirm my ID was valid and that is was me over the phone on a recorded line. I called the credit card company and they explained everything to her on the phone. She acted as if I was a nuisance and then proceeded to excuse herself saying she would need to speak with her boss. Then she returned and said this is not something she could do for me and that I needed to leave. I was left on the line with my credit card company with no explanation as to why I was being refused this basic procedure. I was embarrassed and treated unfairly at this Bank. I have put in a formal complaint at the Better Business Bureau of Eastern Michigan and Detroit denouncing this discrimination and poor customer service. Think twice about using this bank.
Never has the money for a coin order. What kind of bank doesn't have money in it!
Does Citizens have bank deposit boxes in Smyrna, DE ? Price ?
On Monday, March 13, 2017, My husband and I went to the Citizens branch at 1030 Park Avenue, Cranston RI, to deposit our income tax refund check. Our teller was named Shana Cheshier. She greeted us with a terrific smile, asked how our day was going and what could she do to help us. We gave her the check and she deposited it into our account. She then asked if there was anything else she could do to help us that day. I just wanted to tell her boss what a great person she is, upbeat, professional, well groomed and has a fantastic smile. This woman is always pleasant, no matter what kind of day she was having, always trying to help, or giving us suggestions that the bank offered. There aren't many people in todays world that have such a great personality and obvious love of their job and I hope that you appreciate having her work for you. She was kind and helpful, always greets people with her smile and asks how their day is going. Same thing happened when we left, she thanked us for banking at Citizens and wished us both a great day. I believe when someone goes the extra mile to make sure your visit is good, they ought to be recognized somehow, and told what a great job they were doing. Again, I hope you appreciate having her as an employee, as we love having her as our teller. She makes Banking at Citizens a pleasant experience. Sincerely, Alison and Peter Kiernan 272 Princess Ave, Cranston RI 02920.
Your website and on the door in Milford, DE you state:
Sunday 9 to 5 open!!!!!; but you are closed
Anna H Steele
215 630 7303
I opened my account with you when I started working at Perdue. I was told I would be getting a $150 bonus for banking with you. When am I going to receive this? Thank you.
I lost my password
Terrible managment there!


text:
December 9, 2011 - Christie Administration Announces Grants to Assist Children and Families in Low-Income Communities
Christie Administration Announces Grants to Assist Children and Families in Low-Income Communities 15 Family Success Centers Receive Funding to Provide Direct Family Support Services |
NEW BRUNSWICK, N.J. – New Jersey Department of Community Affairs (DCA) Commissioner Lori Grifa and New Jersey Department of Children and Families (DCF) Commissioner Allison Blake today announced that nine community organizations received a total of $51,000 in federal funding to help operate 15 Family Success Centers in lower-income communities throughout the state.
Today's announcement was made in New Brunswick at the New Brunswick Family Success Center at the Puerto Rican Action Board, where the two cabinet officials toured the facility and met with families as part of the Christie Administration's ongoing "Season of Service" initiative.
The funding was made available through the DCA's Division of Housing and Community Resources' administration of the Community Services Block Grant (CSBG) program, a federal, anti-poverty block grant that funds the operations of a state-administered network of local agencies. Five percent of the state's allocation is reserved for state priorities and special initiatives determined by the DCA Commissioner. The DCF distributed the grants to the Family Success Centers.
"I am so pleased that the Department of Community Affairs was able to provide these grants and coordinate our efforts with the Department of Children and Families to maximize the impact of this funding on families in need through cooperation across government," said DCA Commissioner Lori Grifa. "This funding will enable Commissioner Blake and her staff to continue to develop an effective network of family support and primary prevention services so that children and families have the ability to get the intensive services they need to succeed."
Family Success Centers aim to prevent child abuse and neglect by providing families with convenient access to a wide array of resources that can help them keep children safe. The centers are designed to strengthen families and empower individuals to acquire the knowledge and skills they need to raise healthy and happy children.
"This is a wonderful opportunity to provide funds to families in very low-income communities to help fulfill their most basic needs, such as food, housing and utilities," said DCF Commissioner Allison Blake. "The funding is being awarded to true grassroots-based organizations that meet the needs of kids and families right in their own neighborhoods."
DCF's Division of Prevention and Community Partnerships helps fund 38 Family Success Centers throughout New Jersey. The network of Family Success Centers in New Jersey includes both publicly and privately supported centers.
"The Puerto Rican Action Board is proud to partner with the Department of Children and Families and the Department of Community Affairs to provide services through its New Brunswick Family Success Center, which supports and strengthens families in the Middlesex County community," said Mario Vargas, executive director of the Puerto Rican Action Board.
Below is a list of the nine community organizations that received funding and the 15 specific Family Success Centers they run. Each Family Success Center on the list received $3,400.
Gateway Community Action Partnership - (3 Centers)
- Gateway Family Success Center, Bridgeton, Cumberland County
Holly City Family Success Center, Millville, Cumberland County - Salem City Family Success Center, Salem, Salem County
Northwest New Jersey Community Action Program (NORWESCAP), Inc. – (1 Center)
- NORWESCAP Family Success Center, Phillipsburg, Warren County
New Jersey Community Development Corporation – (1 Center)
- Paterson Family Success Center, Paterson, Essex County
The North Ward Center – (1 Center)
- North Ward Center Family Success Center, Newark, Essex County
Puerto Rican Action Board – (1 Center)
- New Brunswick Family Success Center at the Puerto Rican Action Board, New Brunswick, Middlesex County
Northern New Jersey Maternal Child Health – (1 Center)
- Irvington Family Development Center Family Success Center, Irvington, Essex County
Newark Now – (4 Centers)
- Bradley Court Family Success Center, Newark, Essex County
Georgia King Village County Family Success Center, Newark, Essex County - Essex County College Family Success Center, Newark, Essex County
Aspira Family Success Center, Newark, Essex County
La Casa de Don Pedro – (2 Centers)
- Family Success Center I, Newark, Essex County
Family Success Center II, Newark, Essex County
FOCUS Hispanic Center for Community Development, Inc. – (1 Center)
- Focus Family Success Center, Newark, Essex County
The DCA's Division of Housing and Community Resources is committed to building neighborhoods and to providing financial and technical assistance to municipalities, community action agencies and other nonprofit organizations for community and economic development projects that improve the quality of life for low-income, disabled and disadvantaged residents.
The Department of Children and Families, New Jersey's state child welfare agency, was created in July 2006 as the state's first Cabinet agency devoted exclusively to serving and safeguarding the most vulnerable children and families in New Jersey. DCF includes the Division of Youth and Family Services, Division of Prevention and Community Partnerships and Division of Child Behavioral Health Services, and is focused on strengthening families and achieving safety, well-being and permanency for New Jersey's children.
For more on the Community Service Block Grant program, please visit www.nj.gov/dca/divisions/dhcr/offices/comact.html.
For information on Family Success Centers, please visit www.state.nj.us/dcf/prevention/support/family_support.html.
Visit www.state.nj.us/state/programs/dos_program_volunteerism.html to find ways to donate time.


text:
If that's kid food, what do you think those kids who are eating it regularly are going to gravitate to as grownups, let alone what they're going to feed their future children?
Parents - as far as I'm concerned it's your obligation to ensure that before your children move out, that they can cook 10, healthy, calorie-controlled, from fresh whole ingredients, meals. And if you're not there yourselves as parents - this Christmas put some cookbooks on your list.


text:
von Neumann architecture
The von Neumann architecture—also known as the von Neumann model or Princeton architecture—is a computer architecture based on a 1945 description by John von Neumann, and by others, in the First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC.[1] The document describes a design architecture for an electronic digital computer with these components:
- A processing unit with both an arithmetic logic unit and processor registers
- A control unit that includes an instruction register and a program counter
- Memory that stores data and instructions
- External mass storage
- Input and output mechanisms[1][2]
The term "von Neumann architecture" has evolved to refer to any stored-program computer in which an instruction fetch and a data operation cannot occur at the same time (since they share a common bus). This is referred to as the von Neumann bottleneck, which often limits the performance of the corresponding system.[3]
The von Neumann architecture is simpler than the Harvard architecture (which has one dedicated set of address and data buses for reading and writing to memory and another set of address and data buses to fetch instructions).
A stored-program computer uses the same underlying mechanism to encode both program instructions and data as opposed to designs which use a mechanism such as discrete plugboard wiring or fixed control circuitry for instruction implementation. Stored-program computers were an advancement over the manually reconfigured or fixed function computers of the 1940s, such as the Colossus and the ENIAC. These were programmed by setting switches and inserting patch cables to route data and control signals between various functional units.
The vast majority of modern computers use the same hardware mechanism to encode and store both data and program instructions, but have caches between the CPU and memory, and, for the caches closest to the CPU, have separate caches for instructions and data, so that most instruction and data fetches use separate buses (split cache architecture).
The earliest computing machines had fixed programs. Some very simple computers still use this design, either for simplicity or training purposes. For example, a desk calculator (in principle) is a fixed program computer. It can do basic mathematics, but it cannot run a word processor or games. Changing the program of a fixed-program machine requires rewiring, restructuring, or redesigning the machine. The earliest computers were not so much "programmed" as "designed" for a particular task. "Reprogramming"—when possible at all—was a laborious process that started with flowcharts and paper notes, followed by detailed engineering designs, and then the often-arduous process of physically rewiring and rebuilding the machine. It could take three weeks to set up and debug a program on ENIAC.[4]
With the proposal of the stored-program computer, this changed. A stored-program computer includes, by design, an instruction set, and can store in memory a set of instructions (a program) that details the computation.
A stored-program design also allows for self-modifying code. One early motivation for such a facility was the need for a program to increment or otherwise modify the address portion of instructions, which operators had to do manually in early designs. This became less important when index registers and indirect addressing became usual features of machine architecture. Another use was to embed frequently used data in the instruction stream using immediate addressing.
On a large scale, the ability to treat instructions as data is what makes assemblers, compilers, linkers, loaders, and other automated programming tools possible. It makes "programs that write programs" possible.[5] This has made a sophisticated self-hosting computing ecosystem flourish around von Neumann architecture machines.
Some high level languages leverage the von Neumann architecture by providing an abstract, machine-independent way to manipulate executable code at runtime (e.g., LISP), or by using runtime information to tune just-in-time compilation (e.g. languages hosted on the Java virtual machine, or languages embedded in web browsers).
On a smaller scale, some repetitive operations such as BITBLT or pixel and vertex shaders can be accelerated on general purpose processors with just-in-time compilation techniques. This is one use of self-modifying code that has remained popular.
Development of the stored-program concept
The mathematician Alan Turing, who had been alerted to a problem of mathematical logic by the lectures of Max Newman at the University of Cambridge, wrote a paper in 1936 entitled On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem, which was published in the Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society.[6] In it he described a hypothetical machine he called a universal computing machine, now known as the "Universal Turing machine". The hypothetical machine had an infinite store (memory in today's terminology) that contained both instructions and data. John von Neumann became acquainted with Turing while he was a visiting professor at Cambridge in 1935, and also during Turing's PhD year at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey during 1936–1937. Whether he knew of Turing's paper of 1936 at that time is not clear.
In 1936, Konrad Zuse also anticipated, in two patent applications, that machine instructions could be stored in the same storage used for data.[7]
Independently, J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, who were developing the ENIAC at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering of the University of Pennsylvania, wrote about the stored-program concept in December 1943. [8][9] In planning a new machine, EDVAC, Eckert wrote in January 1944 that they would store data and programs in a new addressable memory device, a mercury metal delay-line memory. This was the first time the construction of a practical stored-program machine was proposed. At that time, he and Mauchly were not aware of Turing's work.
Von Neumann was involved in the Manhattan Project at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. It required huge amounts of calculation, and thus drew him to the ENIAC project, during the summer of 1944. There he joined the ongoing discussions on the design of this stored-program computer, the EDVAC. As part of that group, he wrote up a description titled First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC[1] based on the work of Eckert and Mauchly. It was unfinished when his colleague Herman Goldstine circulated it, and bore only von Neumann's name (to the consternation of Eckert and Mauchly).[10] The paper was read by dozens of von Neumann's colleagues in America and Europe, and influenced[vague] the next round of computer designs.
Jack Copeland considers that it is "historically inappropriate to refer to electronic stored-program digital computers as 'von Neumann machines'".[11] His Los Alamos colleague Stan Frankel said of von Neumann's regard for Turing's ideas[12]
I know that in or about 1943 or '44 von Neumann was well aware of the fundamental importance of Turing's paper of 1936…. Von Neumann introduced me to that paper and at his urging I studied it with care. Many people have acclaimed von Neumann as the "father of the computer" (in a modern sense of the term) but I am sure that he would never have made that mistake himself. He might well be called the midwife, perhaps, but he firmly emphasized to me, and to others I am sure, that the fundamental conception is owing to Turing—in so far as not anticipated by Babbage…. Both Turing and von Neumann, of course, also made substantial contributions to the "reduction to practice" of these concepts but I would not regard these as comparable in importance with the introduction and explication of the concept of a computer able to store in its memory its program of activities and of modifying that program in the course of these activities.
At the time that the "First Draft" report was circulated, Turing was producing a report entitled Proposed Electronic Calculator. It described in engineering and programming detail, his idea of a machine he called the Automatic Computing Engine (ACE).[13] He presented this to the executive committee of the British National Physical Laboratory on February 19, 1946. Although Turing knew from his wartime experience at Bletchley Park that what he proposed was feasible, the secrecy surrounding Colossus, that was subsequently maintained for several decades, prevented him from saying so. Various successful implementations of the ACE design were produced.
Both von Neumann's and Turing's papers described stored-program computers, but von Neumann's earlier paper achieved greater circulation and the computer architecture it outlined became known as the "von Neumann architecture". In the 1953 publication Faster than Thought: A Symposium on Digital Computing Machines (edited by B. V. Bowden), a section in the chapter on Computers in America reads as follows:[14]
The Machine of the Institute For Advanced Study, Princeton
In 1945, Professor J. von Neumann, who was then working at the Moore School of Engineering in Philadelphia, where the E.N.I.A.C. had been built, issued on behalf of a group of his co-workers, a report on the logical design of digital computers. The report contained a detailed proposal for the design of the machine that has since become known as the E.D.V.A.C. (electronic discrete variable automatic computer). This machine has only recently been completed in America, but the von Neumann report inspired the construction of the E.D.S.A.C. (electronic delay-storage automatic calculator) in Cambridge (see p. 130).
In 1947, Burks, Goldstine and von Neumann published another report that outlined the design of another type of machine (a parallel machine this time) that would be exceedingly fast, capable perhaps of 20,000 operations per second. They pointed out that the outstanding problem in constructing such a machine was the development of suitable memory with instantaneously accessible contents. At first they suggested using a special vacuum tube—called the "Selectron"—which the Princeton Laboratories of RCA had invented. These tubes were expensive and difficult to make, so von Neumann subsequently decided to build a machine based on the Williams memory. This machine—completed in June, 1952 in Princeton—has become popularly known as the Maniac. The design of this machine inspired at least half a dozen machines now being built in America, all known affectionately as "Johniacs".
In the same book, the first two paragraphs of a chapter on ACE read as follows:[15]
Automatic Computation at the National Physical Laboratory
One of the most modern digital computers which embodies developments and improvements in the technique of automatic electronic computing was recently demonstrated at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, where it has been designed and built by a small team of mathematicians and electronics research engineers on the staff of the Laboratory, assisted by a number of production engineers from the English Electric Company, Limited. The equipment so far erected at the Laboratory is only the pilot model of a much larger installation which will be known as the Automatic Computing Engine, but although comparatively small in bulk and containing only about 800 thermionic valves, as can be judged from Plates XII, XIII and XIV, it is an extremely rapid and versatile calculating machine.
The basic concepts and abstract principles of computation by a machine were formulated by Dr. A. M. Turing, F.R.S., in a paper1. read before the London Mathematical Society in 1936, but work on such machines in Britain was delayed by the war. In 1945, however, an examination of the problems was made at the National Physical Laboratory by Mr. J. R. Womersley, then superintendent of the Mathematics Division of the Laboratory. He was joined by Dr. Turing and a small staff of specialists, and, by 1947, the preliminary planning was sufficiently advanced to warrant the establishment of the special group already mentioned. In April, 1948, the latter became the Electronics Section of the Laboratory, under the charge of Mr. F. M. Colebrook.
Early von Neumann-architecture computers
The First Draft described a design that was used by many universities and corporations to construct their computers.[16] Among these various computers, only ILLIAC and ORDVAC had compatible instruction sets.
- ARC2 (Birkbeck, University of London) officially came online on May 12, 1948.[17]
- Manchester Baby (Victoria University of Manchester, England) made its first successful run of a stored program on June 21, 1948.
- EDSAC (University of Cambridge, England) was the first practical stored-program electronic computer (May 1949)
- Manchester Mark 1 (University of Manchester, England) Developed from the Baby (June 1949)
- CSIRAC (Council for Scientific and Industrial Research) Australia (November 1949)
- MESM at the Kiev Institute of Electrotechnology in Kiev, Ukrainian SSR (November 1950)
- EDVAC (Ballistic Research Laboratory, Computing Laboratory at Aberdeen Proving Ground 1951)
- IAS machine (1951(
- ORDVAC (University of Illinois) at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland (completed November 1951)[18]
- MANIAC I at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (March 1952)
- IAS machine at Institute for Advanced Study (June 1952)
- ILLIAC at the University of Illinois, (September 1952)
- BESM-1 in Moscow (1952)
- AVIDAC at Argonne National Laboratory (1953)
- ORACLE at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (June 1953)
- BESK in Stockholm (1953)
- JOHNNIAC at RAND Corporation (January 1954)
- DASK in Denmark (1955)
- WEIZAC at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel (1955)
- PERM in Munich (1956)
- SILLIAC in Sydney (1956)
Early stored-program computers
The date information in the following chronology is difficult to put into proper order. Some dates are for first running a test program, some dates are the first time the computer was demonstrated or completed, and some dates are for the first delivery or installation.
- The IBM SSEC had the ability to treat instructions as data, and was publicly demonstrated on January 27, 1948. This ability was claimed in a US patent.[19][20] However it was partially electromechanical, not fully electronic. In practice, instructions were read from paper tape due to its limited memory.[21]
- The ARC2 developed by Andrew Booth and Kathleen Booth at Birkbeck, University of London officially came online on May 12, 1948.[17] It featured the first rotating drum storage device.[22][23]
- The Manchester Baby was the first fully electronic computer to run a stored program. It ran a factoring program for 52 minutes on June 21, 1948, after running a simple division program and a program to show that two numbers were relatively prime.
- The ENIAC was modified to run as a primitive read-only stored-program computer (using the Function Tables for program ROM) and was demonstrated as such on September 16, 1948, running a program by Adele Goldstine for von Neumann.
- The BINAC ran some test programs in February, March, and April 1949, although was not completed until September 1949.
- The Manchester Mark 1 developed from the Baby project. An intermediate version of the Mark 1 was available to run programs in April 1949, but was not completed until October 1949.
- The EDSAC ran its first program on May 6, 1949.
- The EDVAC was delivered in August 1949, but it had problems that kept it from being put into regular operation until 1951.
- The CSIR Mk I ran its first program in November 1949.
- The SEAC was demonstrated in April 1950.
- The Pilot ACE ran its first program on May 10, 1950, and was demonstrated in December 1950.
- The SWAC was completed in July 1950.
- The Whirlwind was completed in December 1950 and was in actual use in April 1951.
- The first ERA Atlas (later the commercial ERA 1101/UNIVAC 1101) was installed in December 1950.
Through the decades of the 1960s and 1970s computers generally became both smaller and faster, which led to evolutions in their architecture. For example, memory-mapped I/O lets input and output devices be treated the same as memory.[24] A single system bus could be used to provide a modular system with lower cost[clarification needed]. This is sometimes called a "streamlining" of the architecture.[25] In subsequent decades, simple microcontrollers would sometimes omit features of the model to lower cost and size. Larger computers added features for higher performance.
Design limitations
Von Neumann bottleneck
The shared bus between the program memory and data memory leads to the von Neumann bottleneck, the limited throughput (data transfer rate) between the central processing unit (CPU) and memory compared to the amount of memory. Because the single bus can only access one of the two classes of memory at a time, throughput is lower than the rate at which the CPU can work. This seriously limits the effective processing speed when the CPU is required to perform minimal processing on large amounts of data. The CPU is continually forced to wait for needed data to move to or from memory. Since CPU speed and memory size have increased much faster than the throughput between them, the bottleneck has become more of a problem, a problem whose severity increases with every new generation of CPU.
The von Neumann bottleneck was described by John Backus in his 1977 ACM Turing Award lecture. According to Backus:
Surely there must be a less primitive way of making big changes in the store than by pushing vast numbers of words back and forth through the von Neumann bottleneck. Not only is this tube a literal bottleneck for the data traffic of a problem, but, more importantly, it is an intellectual bottleneck that has kept us tied to word-at-a-time thinking instead of encouraging us to think in terms of the larger conceptual units of the task at hand. Thus programming is basically planning and detailing the enormous traffic of words through the von Neumann bottleneck, and much of that traffic concerns not significant data itself, but where to find it.[26][27][28]
There are several known methods for mitigating the Von Neumann performance bottleneck. For example, the following all can improve performance[why?]:
- providing a cache between the CPU and the main memory;
- providing separate caches or separate access paths for data and instructions (the so-called Modified Harvard architecture);
- using branch predictor algorithms and logic;
- providing a limited CPU stack or other on-chip scratchpad memory to reduce memory access;
- implementing the CPU and the memory hierarchy as a system on chip, providing greater locality of reference and thus reducing latency and increasing throughput between processor registers and main memory.
The problem can also be sidestepped somewhat by using parallel computing, using for example the non-uniform memory access (NUMA) architecture—this approach is commonly employed by supercomputers. It is less clear whether the intellectual bottleneck that Backus criticized has changed much since 1977. Backus's proposed solution has not had a major influence.[citation needed] Modern functional programming and object-oriented programming are much less geared towards "pushing vast numbers of words back and forth" than earlier languages like FORTRAN were, but internally, that is still what computers spend much of their time doing, even highly parallel supercomputers.
As of 1996, a database benchmark study found that three out of four CPU cycles were spent waiting for memory. Researchers expect that increasing the number of simultaneous instruction streams with multithreading or single-chip multiprocessing will make this bottleneck even worse.[29] In the context of multi-core processors, additional overhead is required to maintain cache coherence between processors and threads.
Self-modifying code
Aside from the von Neumann bottleneck, program modifications can be quite harmful, either by accident or design.[citation needed] In some simple stored-program computer designs, a malfunctioning program can damage itself, other programs, or the operating system, possibly leading to a computer crash. However, this problem also applies to conventional programs that lack bounds checking. Memory protection and various access controls generally safeguard against both accidental and malicious program changes.
See also
- CARDboard Illustrative Aid to Computation
- Interconnect bottleneck
- Little man computer
- Random-access machine
- Harvard architecture
- Turing machine
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC, 1945, https://sites.google.com/site/michaeldgodfrey/vonneumann/vnedvac.pdf, retrieved 2011-08-24.
- ↑ Ganesan 2009.
- ↑ The Von Neumann Bottleneck, 2007, http://aws.linnbenton.edu/cs271c/markgrj/.
- ↑ Copeland 2006, p. 104.
- ↑ MFTL (My Favorite Toy Language) entry Jargon File 4.4.7, http://catb.org/~esr/jargon/html/M/MFTL.html, retrieved 2008-07-11.
- ↑ "On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem", Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, 2 42: 230–265, 1936, 1937, doi:10.1112/plms/s2-42.1.230 and "On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem. A correction", Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, 2 43 (6): 544–546, 1938, 1937, doi:10.1112/plms/s2-43.6.544.
- ↑ Williams, F. C.; Kilburn, T. (September 25, 1948), "Electronic Digital Computers", Nature 162 (4117): 487, doi:10.1038/162487a0, Bibcode: 1948Natur.162..487W, http://www.computer50.org/kgill/mark1/natletter.html, retrieved 2009-04-10.
- ↑ From Dits to Bits: A personal history of the electronic computer. Portland, Oregon: Robotics Press. 1979. ISBN 0-89661-002-0.
- ↑ ENIAC project administrator Grist Brainerd's December 1943 progress report for the first period of the ENIAC's development implicitly proposed the stored program concept (while simultaneously rejecting its implementation in the ENIAC) by stating that "in order to have the simplest project and not to complicate matters", the ENIAC would be constructed without any "automatic regulation".
- ↑ Copeland 2006, p. 113.
- ↑ A Brief History of Computing: ENIAC and EDVAC, 2000, http://www.alanturing.net/turing_archive/pages/Reference%20Articles/BriefHistofComp.html#ACE, retrieved 2010-01-27.
- ↑ A Brief History of Computing: ENIAC and EDVAC, 2000, http://www.alanturing.net/turing_archive/pages/Reference%20Articles/BriefHistofComp.html#ACE, retrieved 2010-01-27 (a work which cites Meltzer, B., ed. (1972), "On Alan Turing and the Origins of Digital Computers", Machine Intelligence (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press) 7: 10, ISBN 0-902383-26-4.
- ↑ Copeland 2006, pp. 108–111.
- ↑ Bowden 1953, pp. 176, 177.
- ↑ Bowden 1953, p. 135.
- ↑ "Electronic Computer Project". Institute for Advanced Study. September 11, 2009. http://www.ias.edu/people/vonneumann/ecp/.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 "The Development of Computer Programming in Britain (1945 to 1955)". IEEE Annals of the History of Computing 4 (2): 121–139. April 1982. doi:10.1109/MAHC.1982.10016.
- ↑ Illiac Design Techniques, report number UIUCDCS-R-1955–146, Digital Computer Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1955.
- ↑ Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (USPTO Web site).
- ↑ Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (Google Patents).
- ↑ Computer: Bit Slices From a Life, Third Millennium Books, 1991, ISBN 0-88733-085-1, http://www.columbia.edu/acis/history/computer.html.
- ↑ Alan Turing and his Contemporaries: Building the World's First Computers. London: British Computer Society. 2012. p. 61. ISBN 978-1906124908.
- ↑ "School of Computer Science & Information Systems: A Short History". University of London. April 2008. http://www.dcs.bbk.ac.uk/site/assets/files/1029/50yearsofcomputing.pdf.
- ↑ "A New Architecture for Mini-Computers – The DEC PDP-11", Spring Joint Computer Conference: pp. 657–675, 1970, http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/gbell/CGB%20Files/New%20Architecture%20PDP11%20SJCC%201970%20c.pdf.
- ↑ The essentials of computer organization and architecture (3rd ed.), Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2010, pp. 36, 199–203, ISBN 978-1-4496-0006-8, https://books.google.com/books?id=f83XxoBC_8MC&pg=PA36.
- ↑ Can Programming Be Liberated from the von Neumann Style? A Functional Style and Its Algebra of Programs. doi:10.1145/359576.359579.
- ↑ "E. W. Dijkstra Archive: A review of the 1977 Turing Award Lecture". http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~EWD/transcriptions/EWD06xx/EWD692.html.
- ↑ Backus, John (August 1978). "Can Programming Be Liberated from the von Neumann Style? A Functional Style and Its Algebra of Programs". Communications of the ACM 21 (8): 613–641. doi:10.1145/359576.359579. https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~crary/819-f09/Backus78.pdf. Retrieved 2020-09-19.
- ↑ Sites, Richard L. (August 5, 1996). "Architects Look to Processors of Future". Microprocessor Report 10 (10): First, Let's Get the Uniprocessor Right. http://cva.stanford.edu/classes/cs99s/papers/architects_look_to_future.pdf.
Further reading
- Bowden, B. V., ed. (1953), Faster Than Thought: A Symposium on Digital Computing Machines, London: Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons Ltd.
- The First Computers: History and Architectures, MIT Press, 2000, ISBN 0-262-18197-5
- The universal computer: the road from Leibniz to Turing, New York: W. W. Norton & Company Inc., 2000, ISBN 0-393-04785-7 republished as: Engines of Logic: Mathematicians and the Origin of the Computer, New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2001, ISBN 978-0-393-32229-3
- Can Programming be Liberated from the von Neumann Style?. Backus, John. 1977 ACM Turing Award Lecture. Communications of the ACM, August 1978, Volume 21, Number 8 Online PDF see details at https://www.cs.tufts.edu/~nr/backus-lecture.html
- Bell, C. Gordon; Newell, Allen (1971), Computer Structures: Readings and Examples, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York. Massive (668 pages)
- Copeland, B. Jack, ed. (2006), "Colossus and the Rise of the Modern Computer", Colossus: The Secrets of Bletchley Park's Codebreaking Computers, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-284055-4
- The von Neumann Model, 2009, http://none.cs.umass.edu/~dganesan/courses/fall09/handouts/Chapter4.pdf, retrieved 2011-10-22
- ENIAC: The Triumphs and Tragedies of the World's First Computer. Walker & Co.. 1999. ISBN 0-8027-1348-3. https://archive.org/details/eniac00scot.
- The Computer from Pascal to von Neumann. Princeton University Press. 1972. ISBN 0-691-08104-2. https://archive.org/details/computerfrompasc00herm.
- Engines of the Mind: A history of the Computer. New York, London: W. W. Norton & Company. 1984. ISBN 0-393-01804-0.
External links
- Harvard vs von Neumann
- A tool that emulates the behavior of a von Neumann machine
- JOHNNY: A simple Open Source simulator of a von Neumann machine for educational purposes
Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von Neumann architecture.
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Handcrafted Lilypad Paracord Bracelet with Mjölnir and Rune - Sterling Silver
Great Reasons To Buy From Us:
All handcrafted items are individually made to order by an artisan. Please allow 5-7 working days for your personal piece to be crafted. Due to complete creation of each item by hand, some pieces are not stamped with a 925 mark. If you have any special size requests, please contact our customer care.
Comfortable paracord bracelet with genuine handcrafted 925 Sterling Silver Mjölnir, also known as Thor's hammer, that functions as a bracelet buckle. Thor's hammer is engraved with traditional Mammen style art that was first discovered on a decorated axe head found amonst buried belongings of a nobleman belonging to the House of Gorm, also named as the House of Denmark. The second side of the hammer is complete with a mesh pattern intended to be worn on the inside. A single Sterling Silver Wunjo rune bead is also weaved into the paracord bracelet opposite of the hammer, meaning happiness after hardships.
In Norse culture, Thor's hammer Mjölnir is an iconic weapon of the Nordic God of Thunder. By legends, this hammer was the most powerful weapon in existence, capable of leveling mountains with a single blow. Being one of the most prominent representations of Thor and his godly strength, the iconography of this weapon was widely popular amongst the Norse and was used widely for religious practices and rituals. Akin to the crucifix, Mjölnir was used for blessing the holy events such as marriage or worn by Nordic warriors to grant them strength and protection in battle.
Bracelet Length: Listed lengths are tip to tip, including clasp and connector pieces
Hammer Size: 1.18" (3.0cm)
Material: 925 Sterling Silver, High Quality 550 USA Paracord
Rune Weight: 4g
Hammer Weight: 10g
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We would like to invite you to come to Reading, PA, to Penn's Common Historic District, and relax in our gracious hospitality with Victorian style at Bed and Breakfast on the Park. Thank you for considering our Bed and Breakfast.
We're looking forward to your visit!
Bed & Breakfast on The Park 1246 Hill Road Reading, PA 19602 Phone: 610-374-4440 Fax: 610-374-9255 Email Us


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'The Thing' Is Getting a Reboot
Blumhouse Productions is tackling an adaptation of John Carpenter's 1982 horror flick The Thing, and Carpenter himself is involved, according to Variety. Very little is known about the upcoming project — only that it exists. The news was revealed at a panel for the Fantasia International Film Festival, which Carpenter was participating in. When asked if he and Blumhouse chief Jason Blum had discussed any future directorial pursuits, Carpenter said:
I have? I don't know about that. But we've talked about — I think he's going to be working on 'The Thing,' rebooting 'The Thing.' I'm involved with that, maybe. Down the road."
That answer leaves a lot up to interpretation. For certain, we know that a preliminary The Thing adaptation is in the works. But it's unclear just how much Carpenter will be involved in the creative process. From his statement, it doesn't sound likely that he'll play a huge part in bringing The Thing into the 21st century. Still, having him onboard in some capacity would help ensure things are going in the right direction. After all, Carpenter wasn't involved in Universal's The Thing prequel movie, and it showed. The project received lukewarm reviews and was a commercial flop.
This won't be the first time Blumhouse adapts one of Carpenter's spooky classics for the modern age. Blumhouse recently produced a sequel to 2018's Halloween, titled Halloween Kills. That film, directed by David Gordon Green, has been pushed back to 2021 due to coronavirus complications.
Gallery — The Best Horror Movie Posters of All Time:


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Hydrogen production by solar water splitting in photoelectrochemical cells (PEC) has long been considered the holy grail of sustainable energy research. Iron oxide is a promising electrode material. An international team of researchers led by Empa, the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, have now gained in-depth insights into the electronic structure of an iron oxide electrode—while it was in operation. This opens up new possibilities for an affordable hydrogen production from solar energy.
Hematite, the mineral form of iron oxide (or trivially, rust), is a promising anode material for photoelectro-chemical cells (PEC) because of its affordability, availability, high stability and good spectral match to the solar spectrum. Although it has the potential of a 15% solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion efficiency, its actual efficiency is lower than that of other metal oxides. This is due to hematite's electronic structure, which only allows for ultrashort electron-hole excited-state lifetimes.
Helpful holes in hematite
Electrons are well-known (negative) charge carriers, indispensable in our daily lives, but they do not play this role alone. When an electron leaves its assigned place, it leaves behind a hole that can effectively behave like a positive charge carrier, provided that the electron and hole remain separated and do not recombine. In modern semiconductor electronics, holes are important charge carriers, without which devices like batteries, capacitors, fuel cells, solar cells, and PEC could not operate. PEC electrodes typically form electron-hole pairs when struck by sunlight. In PEC photoanodes made of hematite, the generated holes must diffuse to the semiconductor surface, where they can oxidize water and form oxygen.
However, the electronic structure of hematite is such that the photo-generated holes tend to recombine with the electrons before reaching the surface. As a result, the resulting photocurrent is limited by the relatively few holes that actually do reach the surface. Recent efforts to optimize the nanostructured morphologies of hematite photoanodes have led to significant improvements in performance, but in spite of these efforts, the overall energy conversion efficiency in hematite remains at only about a third of its potential. An intelligent management of electron and hole transport is, therefore, critical for a better materials performance.
In this context, a better understanding of hole states at the hematite surface has been the subject of much interest as well as debate. It has long been suspected that in hematite, two types of holes with different water-splitting power are formed. The existence of different types of holes with disparate reactivity toward water oxidation has broad implications for the ultimate performance of hematite. But it is quite difficult to detect such holes, and studies of this phenomenon are complicated by numerous technical constraints. Moreover, the holes are transitional and quite elusive.
Not all holes are created equal
In a recent study published in the Journal of Physical Chemistry C ("Direct Observation of Two Electron Holes in a Hematite Photo-Anode during Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting"), Empa researchers Artur Braun and Debajeet Bora and their colleagues from EPF Lausanne, the University of Basel, China and the US studied the nature of photoelectrically generated holes in a PEC that had been specially designed for gathering data while the cell is in operation (operando). They recorded soft X-ray absorption spectra under simulated sunlight and in the dark and identified two new spectral signatures corresponding to two different hole transitions, an O 2p hole transition into the charge-transfer band and an Fe 3d-type hole transition into the upper Hubbard band. According to Braun, this is the first time that the electronic structure of a PEC photoanode has been analyzed while it was in real water splitting action, i.e. in contact with electrolyte, under anodic bias and illuminated by visible light.
"The preparations for this extremely complex experiment took us three years," says Braun. "After all, soft X-ray spectroscopy works only in ultra-high vacuum, and photoelectrochemistry works only in liquids. Combining both was technically a great advancement. Yet, I would say we were very fortunate to discover the two electron holes in an operating PEC."
Their groundbreaking experiment demonstrated the formation of two different types of electron holes at the semiconductor-liquid interface under the exact conditions, at which the photocurrent arises. Quantitative analysis of their spectral signatures revealed that both types of holes, contrary to earlier speculation and historical perception, contribute to the resulting photocurrent. "This is a milestone in the understanding of solar water splitting and encouraging news for researchers worldwide who are working to optimize hematite for PEC photoanodes," says Braun.
Source: EMPA


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Somebody Kill Me
Artist: Adam Sandler
Album: unknown
Adam Sandler unknown Somebody Kill Me
Ok, i just want to warn you that when i wrote this song i was listening to the
Cure a lot.
You don't know how much i need you.
While you're near me i don't feel blue.
And when we kiss i know that you need me too.
I can't believe i found a love that's so pure and true.
But it all was bullshit.
It was a goddam joke.
And when i think of you linda,
I hope you fucking choke.
I hope you're glad with what you've done to me.
I lay in bed all day long feeling melancholy.
You left me here all alone, tears running constantly.
Oh somebody kill me please,
Somebody kill me plee-ase,
I'm on my knees,
Pretty pretty please kill me.
I want to die.
Put a bullet in my head.
Kid: you're going to the mental institution.
Adam Sandler: Santa Song Adam Sandler: The Hanukkah Song


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May 18, 2013 | |
Congress gets mixed advice on regulating drones |
(Nanowerk News) The growing use of unmanned surveillance "eyes in the sky" aircraft raises a thicket of privacy concerns, but Congress is getting mixed advice on what, if anything, to do about it. | |
A future with domestic drones may be inevitable. While civilian drone use is currently limited to government agencies and some public universities, a law passed by Congress last year requires the Federal Aviation Administration to allow widespread drone flights in the U.S. by 2015. According to FAA estimates, as many as 7,500 civilian drones could be in use within five years. | |
"Technology is great — as long as it's used the right and proper way," Rep. Jason Chaffetz, R-Utah, said at a House Judiciary subcommittee hearing Friday on the issues surrounding drones — which can be as small as a bird and as large as a plane. | |
Congress isn't alone in seeking to address the issues: Since January, drone-related legislation has been introduced in more than 30 states, largely in response to privacy concerns. | |
Rep. James Sensenbrenner, R-Wis., said it was important for new standards to address the privacy issues associated with use of drones. With Rep. Zoe Lofgren, D-Calif., and Rep. Ted Poe, R-Texas, he is sponsoring legislation that would codify due process protections for Americans in cases involving drones and make flying armed drones in the U.S. sky illegal. | |
"Every advancement in crime fighting technology, from wiretaps to DNA, has resulted in courts carving out the Constitutional limits within which the police operate," Sensenbrenner said. | |
The subcommittee heard from experts who were divided on what actions Congress should take to address the new technology. But the four witnesses all agreed that drones raised new, often unprecedented questions about domestic surveillance. | |
"Current law has yet to catch up to this new technology," said Chris Calabrese, legislative counsel for the American Civil Liberties Union. | |
Calabrese said he supported immediate regulation of the drone industry and said his biggest concern was the overuse of drones by police and government officials for surveillance. But Calabrese said he doesn't want to hinder the growth of drones with the power to do good, including helping find missing persons, assisting firefighters and addressing other emergencies. | |
Tracey Maclin, a professor with the Boston University School of Law, said the issues raised by drones haven't been addressed by courts before because the technology goes beyond what humans had been capable of through aerial surveillance. | |
Past court rulings, "were premised on naked-eye observations — simple visual observations from a public place," he said. | |
Rep. Cedric Richmond, D-La., said he wanted to know when drone technology will advance to the point where Congress will have to act on the issue. He said he was concerned about the effect on privacy. | |
"At what point do you think it's going to get to a point where we have to say what a reasonable expectation of privacy is?" Richmond said. | |
Republicans expressed similar concerns. | |
"It seems to me that Congress needs to set the standard, rather than wait and let the courts set the standard," Poe said. | |
Some experts urged caution. | |
Gregory McNeal, an associate law professor at Pepperdine University, said writing laws to cover drones will be difficult because the technology continues to improve and Congress could think it's addressing key issues, only to have new ones emerge. | |
He compared drones to the privacy concerns raised by development of the Internet in the 1990s. Regulating then, he said, could have stymied the rapid growth of the Internet and wouldn't have addressed today's Internet privacy issues. | |
If Congress feels compelled to act, McNeal said, it should think in terms broader than a "drone policy" and set standards for surveillance or realistic expectations of privacy. "A technology-centered approach to privacy is the wrong approach," he said. | |
But the ACLU's Calabrese said Congress should work quickly. | |
"This can't be adequately addressed by existing law," he said. "Manned aircraft are expensive to purchase. Drones' low cost and flexibility erode that natural limit. They can appear in windows, all for much less than the cost of a plane or a helicopter." |
Source: By Henry C. Jackson, AP |


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How to build a bungalow… begin with the chimney
- on 2012-06-29
- Linux, Rants
- 24 Comments
Whilst nobody was looking, Mono became the most important framework in the world of games. And I mean that with only a smidge more than my usual levels of hyperbole. It really is fantastically important, as far as game development goes. I blogged a long time ago about its use inside EA's multi-million-selling The Sims […]


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Jesus Barraza
20″ x 26″
2 – Color Screen print, Nehnah Blue Paper, Printed in Oakland, 2017
Water is life, defend your life. It is so simple, we are connected to the land we live on, if the land gets sick so will we. Water is one of the primary things need for life to exist, if we poison the water or we experience drought cause by climate change we will cease to exist. I ran across an article about hydrofracking, where a person talks about the earth being poisoned for thousands of years because of these types of process. It is sad to see how those in charge and the corporations that influence those people are stubborn to change the way energy is harnessed form the earth. The free market is suppose to regulate itself, but that never works, the free market wants to maximize profits, lower costs, in the end what's better for the bottom line is never good for the earth or for humanity.
There needs to be a serious change in the way decisions are made that will take into consideration the future of mother earth and of humanity. Where the financial bottom line is not the deciding factor, but how will an action we take today effect our world 25 or 100 years from now. I wonder how long it will be before the U.S. will stop being so arrogant and accept that the actions of those in power have made have thrown the environment off in such a way that the earth will not be healed for thousands of years and that we are at a crisis point where changes are needed right away.


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