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Egypt's wheat imports are sharply down this year as it endures economic and political crisis, but state and private buyers insist they still have funds to keep the nation supplied with its staple bread.
Egyptian officials and traders acknowledge the government's problems with a rising budget deficit and falling currency reserves, but say the state is allocating priority financing for wheat imports. They are also pinning some of their hopes on an increase in domestic production.
Foreign traders and financiers remain skeptical, pointing to a big drop both in wheat stocks — to about three months' supply from more than seven last October — and in the number of grains ships arriving at Egyptian ports.
This, they believe, is evidence that the state grains supplier, the General Authority for Supply Commodities, is facing problems in maintaining imports.
"It's an ongoing concern that the political and economic turmoil is making it a challenge for GASC to import wheat," said Karel Valken, global head of trade and commodity finance at Rabobank.
Egypt has a history of bread riots but maintained supplies of heavily subsidized flat loaves — which sell to the poor for just 5 piasters, or less than 1 US cent — throughout the popular uprising that overthrew President Hosni Mubarak in 2011.
The man who until last week organized Egypt's state wheat purchases, Nomani Nomani, dismissed any suggestion that the government had failed to produce promised funding or guarantees to ensure that shipments could go ahead.
"The state has not at any point reduced its payments or failed to deliver to us financial guarantees," Nomani, who now advises the supply minister, told Reuters Sunday. As vice chairperson of the GASC, Nomani was arguably the most powerful man on the global wheat market, as Egypt is traditionally the world's biggest importer of the grain.
President Mohamed Morsy's government faces daunting economic problems. The Egyptian pound has fallen more than 8 percent since the start of January, and foreign currency reserves have tumbled to US$13.6 billion in January from $36 billion before the fall of Mubarak.
A heavy strain
The pound's drop is putting a heavy strain on the government budget, as it has pushed up the cost of state subsidies on energy and food, much of which is purchased in dollars.
At the same time, detailed negotiations for a $4.8 billion loan from the International Monetary Fund have yet to get under way, and Egyptian politics are in turmoil due to disputes between the ruling Islamists and opposition parties over a new constitution and parliamentary elections due to start in April.
Nevertheless, private traders discount talk of delivery disruptions, payments problems or shortages so far.
"If you're asking about any delays in shipping schedules due to contractual liability performance on GASC's side due to a shortage of foreign currency, the answer as of today, as we speak, is no," said Hassan Abdel Fadil, chief executive of Egyptian trader Venus.
"It's obvious to the entire world that there is pressure on the dollar in Egypt, but so far they've been doing well," Fadil told Reuters Saturday. "There is a good local supply, both on the private side and on the GASC side. People keep talking about shortage of stocks — no, it's not true, neither on the private nor on the GASC side."
Nevertheless, the figures are striking. GASC has bought 235,000 tons of wheat since 1 January, about a third of what it purchased in the same period a year earlier.
And dry bulk vessels over 50,000 deadweight tons — the kind of ships used to carry wheat — are arriving in sharply reduced numbers.
Altogether 30 have called at Egyptian ports from the country's main wheat supplier countries in the January to February period. This is down from 59 vessels in the same period last year, ship-tracking data from maritime intelligence publisher IHS Fairplay showed.
Egypt normally buys strategically to ensure it has wheat stocks equal to at least six months' consumption in its silos. By contrast, the government said last week that it has stocks to last until May 29, or just over three months.
The cabinet said this would rise to about four months under current international contracts, but this falls well short of the almost seven months' cover in October last year.
Getting by on stocks
Such figures encourage a belief that the dollar shortage is forcing Egypt to import less and make up the shortfall from reserves.
"We've done some business there in the last few weeks and didn't have too much trouble getting paid, but our normal buyers now are saying they are going to live on the stocks they have on hand for the next little while," said Wayne Bacon, president of grain trader Hammersmith Marketing, which is involved with private importers. "They're waiting to see if they can get any foreign currency to pay for things."
Egypt faces a huge task in feeding its people. Most of its territory is desert, and what little land that can be cultivated by using the waters of the Nile is under heavy pressure from development. With its population of 84 million growing fast, buildings are springing up on agricultural land.
Nomani, who left his job at GASC saying only that he had been promoted, said measures to boost domestic production were paying off at a time of difficulty for state finances.
"We have proper planning. We were aware of the conditions the state is going through, and we made a list of factors to rely on for securing our essential supply of wheat, including offering attractive incentives and prices to local farmers," he said.
Nomani expected local wheat production to increase by "at least 500,000 tons in 2012/13, if not more, raising the amount of local wheat to 4.2 million tons".
This would mark an impressive rise from 2.6 million in 2010/11, but overall needs are greater.
Egypt imports about half the 18.8 million tons of wheat it consumes a year, with business split roughly evenly between private importers and GASC. The US Department of Agriculture had estimated Egypt's imports at 9.5 million tons in 2012/13.
Nomani said the government had budgeted LE11 billion for domestic wheat purchases this financial year, which runs from July to June.
Nevertheless, the state is short not only of dollars but also domestic currency. The budget deficit in the last six months of 2012 was 5.1 percent of economic output, up sharply from the previous year.
Planning and International Cooperation Minister Ashraf al-Araby predicted the deficit could hit 10 percent of the gross domestic product in the financial year to June — a level Egypt cannot afford without outside help.
Cairo's main hope is completing the IMF deal that was agreed in principle last November but put on hold during street violence the following month.
Admitting that foreign direct investment had all but dried up, Araby said the government planned to invite an IMF mission to Cairo within a week.
The funds are sorely needed. Egypt suffered bread riots in 1977 when the state tried to curb subsidies, and a dive in the pound in 2003 forced up the food subsidy bill by 40 percent. Riots erupted again in 2008 over high food prices and low wages.
"I don't think they can afford to jeopardize their subsidies at the moment," said Hammersmith's Bacon. "They're going to have to find funds to finance their wheat and sugar purchases because there's just too many people in the country who can cause a lot of trouble if they don't."


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You can contact me by email or telephone:
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Mobile: 07831 119693
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In 2010 Diana and Tim Laycock performed "Potted Herring" in East Chaldon Church,near Lulworth Cove, Dorset. This was as a result of discovering the village (also known as Chaldon Herring)and its' literary and artistic history. In 1930s it drew writers and artists to live and work there, in particular The Powys Family. Phillipa Powys, inspired […]
Diana and multi-instrumentalist/singer-songwriter Ray Bradfield have been collaborating successfully since 2005. Ray played on "Learning to Walk" and when gigging with Diana accompanies her on a variety of stringed instruments and backing vocals. They are currently working on new material and also share gigs.

subset: commoncrawl


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Privacy Policy
Your Privacy Rights
Your privacy and the security of your personal information are important to us. We want you to be as comfortable as possible visiting our Website and using our Application and Online Products. This Privacy Policy governs our website www.lifestartseminars.com (our "Website"), Application, and Online Products, and explains how we collect your personal information, how we protect such information, and the choices you have concerning the use of such information. Please read this Privacy Policy carefully. Except as LifeStart Seminars specifically discloses in this Privacy Policy, we will not sell, share, license, trade, or rent your personal information to others.
We may amend this Privacy Policy from time to time. We will post any changes to this Privacy Policy here so that you will always know what information we gather, how we might use that information, and whether we will disclose that information to anyone. Please refer back to this Privacy Policy on a regular basis. By using our Website or any of our products, offerings, features, tools or resources that we provide on our Website or Application (collectively, our "Online Products"), including our products or offerings for personal digital assistants or other handheld or mobile devices (collectively, our "Handheld Products"), you agree to the terms of this Privacy Policy.
Please remember that this Privacy Policy applies only to information collected by our Website, Application, or through our Online Products. We are not responsible for the privacy of any information, including information about your health or medical conditions, you reveal or post in any public forum (e.g., message board, blog, personal page, etc.) or through the "Public Profile" feature available on our Website, or for the privacy practices of websites that are operated or owned by third parties. We reserve the right to republish your postings on any public forum, blog, or meal library in any format.
We collect two types of information: personally identifiable information and non-personally identifiable information.
Personally Identifiable Information.
Personally identifiable information is information that identifies you or can be used to identify or contact you ("Personally Identifiable Information"). Such Personally Identifiable Information may include your name, address, email address, telephone number, birth date (primarily for eligibility purposes) and information required for billing, payment, and shipping purposes. We may request Personally Identifiable Information from you when you register on our Website, write to us via our contact form on the Website, subscribe to our Online Products, or in connection with other Online Products we may make available on our Website or Application from time to time. In all of these cases, we will collect Personally Identifiable Information from you only if you voluntarily submit such information to us. Unless you give us permission to do so, we will not sell, share, license, trade or rent your Personally Identifiable Information other than as specified in this Privacy Policy.
You do not have to provide us with any Personally Identifiable Information to visit our Website. However, if you choose to withhold requested information, you may not be able to visit all sections of our Website or use all of our Application or Online Products, such as subscribing to our community or using the tools available to members.
Non-Personally Identifiable Information.
When you become a registered user of our Website, and become a member of the LifeStart Seminars community, we also may collect information that by itself cannot be used to identify or contact you, such as demographic information (like age, profession or gender), your relationship to the LifeStart Seminars programs, and health information ("Non-Personally Identifiable Information"). Non-Personally Identifiable Information may also include user IP addresses, browser types, domain names, and other anonymous statistical data involving the use of our Website, Application, and Online Products. Non-Personally Identifiable Information is used to help us understand who uses our Website and to improve and market our Website, Application, and Online Products.
Information from Other Sources.
We may also supplement the information we collect with information from other sources to assist us in evaluating and improving our Website, Application, and Online Products, to determine your preferences so that we can tailor our Website, Application, and Online Products to your needs.
We may collect information (including information that is Personally Identifiable Information) from you in different manners and at different places and times on our Website or Application, such as when you become a member of the LifeStart Seminars community. We also may collect information from you in connection with, or through, our Website, Application, and Online Products. The following is a description of the areas and/or manners in which we primarily collect information about you.
Becoming a Subscriber
In order to access certain sections of our Website, you must first complete certain steps to become a subscriber. During these steps, you may be required to provide us with information (including Personally Identifiable Information) such as name, date of birth, zip code and email address, and payment and billing information. This information is used to help us understand who uses our Website, to improve our Website and our Online Products, to contact users about requested Applications and/or for subscription billing purposes.
Cookies and Action Tags.
We also collect Non-Personally Identifiable Information passively using "cookies, ""action tags," and similar methods.
"Cookies" are small text files that are placed on your computer or mobile device in order to identify (i) your Web browser, (ii) the activities of your computer on our Website and (iii) your activity in connection with our advertisements and other marketing and promotional efforts. Cookies may be used to:
- assist you in using our Website, Application, and Online Products (e.g., to save you time by not having to reenter your name upon each visit to our Website), and
- allow us to statistically monitor how you are using our Website, Application, and Online Products for purposes of improving our online offerings.
We also may use cookies to conduct marketing and promotional efforts, or to determine the popularity of certain content.
You do not have to accept cookies to use our Website, however, you may not be able to use certain products, offerings, features, or resources of our Website (such as "remember me") if you do not accept cookies. Although most browsers are initially set to accept cookies, you may reset your browser to notify you when you receive a cookie or to reject cookies generally. Most browsers offer instructions on how to do so in the "Help" section of the toolbar.
Online Products.
We collect information, some of which may be Personally Identifiable Information, that you voluntarily provide to us when you choose to use some of our Online Products (some of which are available on a subscription basis) such as the tracking tools, calendar and reminders, love and support feed, public and private forums, blogs, meal libraries and the "Private Profile" feature. Some of these Online Products may ask you for health-related information; we collect this information in order to help you track your progress against your health-related goals.
Handheld Products.
Information is also collected when you use our Handheld Products, including the software application needed to utilize the Handheld Products on your handheld device (the "Application"). During the installation of the Application and subsequent synchronizations, we collect Non-Personally Identifiable Information concerning your device (such as the specific type of operating system and hardware you have, and the amount of free and total memory) and the Application's files on your device.
Our Handheld Products also collect information about your usage of the Application (such as the dates you last synced with the Internet or the dates you last used certain features). When you sync your device with the Website, we store some of this information.
Log Files.
We also collect Non-Personally Identifiable Information through our Internet log files, which record data such as user IP addresses, browser types, domain names, and other anonymous statistical data involving the use of our Website. This information may be used to analyze trends, to administer the Website, to monitor our Website's use, and to gather general demographic information. We may link this information to Personally Identifiable Information for these and other purposes such as personalizing your experience on our Website and evaluating our Online Products in general.
User-Generated Content: Public Forums, Blogs, Meal Libraries, and Other Postings
In order to make a posting on our Website, you will be asked to sign in with your member login information. We do not use this information in any way other than to recognize you for postings nor do we disclose this information to any third parties.
With regard to public and private forums, blogs, and meal libraries, your email address is not visible on the boards; however, other users are able to send you email via your user name without your email address being displayed. We do not share this information with any third parties unless required by authorized law enforcement agencies when required.
Do remember that whatever you post on the public forums, blogs, or meal libraries, or other public pages is considered public knowledge and that you should always use caution when posting. Avoid posting your home address or phone number on any public board, blog, chat, or other public page on our Website. Although one must be a registered user to post messages the public and private forums, blogs, and meal libraries, the public forums, blogs, and meal libraries are public and may be read by non-registered users.
Email or Refer a Friend.
Through our referral tools for informing a friend about our Website, or our Application, we will automatically send your friend a one-time email containing the information you request to be sent. If you elect to use these referral tools, we will collect from you certain Personally Identifiable Information about your friend which you have provided, such as your friend's name and email address. We do not store your friend's information or use it for any other purpose.
We are committed to protecting the privacy of children. Our Website and Online Products are not designed for or directed to children under the age of 13. We do not collect Personally Identifiable Information from any person we actually know is under the age of 13. We urge all parents or guardians to participate in their children's exploration of the Internet, and to teach their children about protecting their personal information while online.
In general, we use the information collected on our Website and through our Application to help us understand who uses our Website, Application, and Online Products and how they are used, to assist you in using our Website, Application and Online Products, to improve our Website, Application, and Online Products, and for subscription billing and shipping purposes, if applicable. With respect to our Handheld Products, for example, we may use such information, among other things, to ensure that your handheld device is supported and that it has enough room for the Application, and to confirm which versions of the Application's files are installed on your device.
If you become a member of our Website, we may use your information to send you a welcoming email that may confirm your username. If you "opt-in" (for example, if you check a box, or if the box is pre-checked, you do not opt out by unchecking the box) we may send you electronic newsletters, contact you about products, services, information and news that may be of interest to you, and provide you with targeted feedback. If you no longer desire to receive these communications, we will provide you with an option to change your preferences. In addition, if you identify yourself to us by sending us an email with questions or comments, we may use your information (including Personally Identifiable Information) to respond to your questions or comments, and we may file your questions or comments for future reference. We may also use the information collected to contact you about important service announcements and updates regarding our Website or Application or, if you are a subscriber, about your billing account status. You will not be able to opt-out of these service announcements and updates as they contain important information relevant to your use of our Website and/or our Application and are not promotional in nature. (If you do not wish to receive these service announcements, you may cancel your account with us and delete the Personally Identifiable Information maintained about you on our systems by contacting our Privacy Coordinator at the address set out below.)
We may also use the information gathered on our Website and through our Application to perform statistical analysis of user behavior, to analyze and evaluate issues relating to health and lifestyle, or to evaluate and improve our Website, Application, and Online Products.
Except as set forth in this Privacy Policy or as specifically agreed to by you, we will not disclose any information we gather from you on our Website.
Research Affiliates
We may disclose information (including Personally Identifiable Information) about you to our Research Affiliate, CompassHealth Consulting, Inc. ("CHC"). CHC is a non-profit organization that reviews the data collected on our Website, Application, and Online Products to help us improve our Website, Application, and Online Products and to determine the effectiveness of LifeStart Seminars in supporting sustainable lifestyle changes.
Laws and Legal Rights.
We may also disclose your information (including Personally Identifiable Information) if we believe in good faith that we are required to do so in order to comply with an applicable statute, regulation, rule or law, a subpoena, a search warrant, a court or regulatory order, or other valid legal process. We may disclose Personally Identifiable Information in special circumstances when we have reason to believe that disclosing this information is necessary to identify, contact or bring legal action against someone who may be violating our Terms of Use or our Subscription Agreement, or to protect the safety and/or security of our users, our Website or Application, or the general public.
Outside Contractors.
We may employ independent contractors, vendors and suppliers (collectively, "Outside Contractors") to provide specific services and products related to our Website or Applications, such as providing payment processing and fraud screening, developing applications for our Website and e-mail services, and shipping goods ordered from the Website. These Outside Contractors may sometimes have limited access to information collected on our Website, including your Personally Identifiable Information, in the course of providing products or services to us. Access to your Personally Identifiable Information by these contractors is limited to the information reasonably necessary in order for the Outside Contractors to perform their limited function for us. We also require that these Outside Contractors (i) protect the privacy of your Personally Identifiable Information consistent with this Privacy Policy and reasonable security procedures, and (ii) not use or disclose your Personally Identifiable Information for any purpose other than providing us with products or services for which we contracted.
[Note: If and when LifeStart Seminars has 20 or more employees, there are certain additional disclosures we should make if you provide any personal identifying information to third parties for direct marketing purposes.]
Web Analytics Services & Tracking
The Website uses the third-party tracking and analytics service Google Analytics and may use other similar services in the future (collectively, "Analytics Service Providers"). The information collected about your use of the Website (including your IP address) will be transmitted to and stored by the Analytics Service Providers on servers in the United States. The Analytics Service Providers use this information for the purpose of evaluating your use of the Website, compiling reports on Website activity for Website operators and providing other services relating to Website activity and internet usage. The Analytics Service Providers may also transfer this information to third parties when they are required to do so by law, or where such third parties process the information on the Analytics Service Providers' behalf. You may refuse the use of cookies as and subject to the limitations discussed above. By using the Website, you consent to the processing of data about you by our Analytics Service Providers in the manner and for the purposes set forth in this paragraph.
Sale of Business.
We reserve the right to transfer information to a third party in the event of a sale, merger or other transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of LifeStart Seminars provided that the third party agrees to adhere to the terms of this Privacy Policy. We will notify users of any such transfer through notice on our site and through email.
Our Website does not currently contain links to third-party websites, except for a link www.compasshealth.net, the website of our Research Affiliate. This Privacy Policy applies to www.compasshealth.net. [Please let us know if you do not want this policy to apply to compasshealth.net ]
We want your information (including Personally Identifiable Information) to remain as secure as possible. We strive to provide secure transmission of your information from your computer to our servers through industry-standard techniques. To help ensure the integrity and privacy of the Personally Identifiable Information you provide to us via the Internet at the time you elect to become a registered user or subscribe to our Online Products, we use Secured Socket Layer (SSL) encryption technology in transmitting such Personally Identifiable Information over the Internet to our servers. We secure the Personally Identifiable Information you provide on servers located in controlled, secure environments, protected from unauthorized access, use, or alteration. Only employees who need access to your information to perform a specific task or function are granted access to such information. In addition, all employees must abide by this Privacy Policy and are kept up-to-date on security practices. Any employee who violates this Privacy Policy is subject to disciplinary action, up to and including termination.
Notwithstanding the above commitments to protect your information (including Personally Identifiable Information) from loss, misuse or alteration by third parties, you should be aware that there is always some risk involved in transmitting information over the Internet. There is also some risk that others could find a way to thwart our security systems. As a result, while we strive to protect your information, we cannot ensure or warrant the security and privacy of any information you transmit to us, and you do so at your own risk.
Except as otherwise described in this Privacy Policy, we will only use Personally Identifiable Information for the purposes described above or as otherwise disclosed at the time we request such information from you. You must "opt-in" and give us permission to use your Personally Identifiable Information for any other purpose. You may change your preference and "opt-out" of receiving other communications by changing that option in the My Profile feature of our Website, following the directions provided in association with the communication.
Users of our Website are notified when Personally Identifiable Information is being collected by third parties on our Website. We do this so you can make an informed choice as to whether you should disclose information to a third party.
You can always contact us at [email protected] in order to (1) review the Personally Identifiable Information that we have collected, (2) update or correct your Personally Identifiable Information, (3) change your preferences with respect to communications and other information you receive from us, or (4) delete the Personally Identifiable Information maintained about you on our systems, all by accessing the My Profile feature of the Website. Such updates, corrections, changes and deletions will not have an effect on other information that we maintain, or information that we have provided to third parties in accordance with this Privacy Policy prior to such update, correction, change or deletion.
You should be aware that it is not technologically possible to remove each and every record of the information you have provided to us from our systems. The need to back-up our systems to protect information from inadvertent loss means that a copy of your Personally Identifiable Information may exist in a non-erasable form that will be difficult or impossible for us to locate. We promise that promptly after receiving your request, all Personally Identifiable Information stored in databases we actively use and other readily searchable media will be updated, corrected, changed or deleted, as appropriate, as soon as reasonably practicable.
If we decide to change this Privacy Policy, we will post those changes on our Website so you are always aware of what information we collect, how we use it, and under what circumstances, if any, we disclose it. If at any point we decide to use Personally Identifiable Information in a manner significantly different from that stated in this Privacy Policy, or otherwise disclosed to you, at the time it was collected, we will notify you by email or otherwise, and you will have a choice as to whether or not we use your Personally Identifiable Information in the new manner. We may also make non-significant changes to our Privacy Policy that generally will not affect our use of your Personally Identifiable Information. If you do not agree to the terms of this Privacy Policy, you should not use our Website, Application, or Online Products.
If you have any questions about our Privacy Policy or feel that we are not abiding by the terms of our posted Privacy Policy, please contact our Privacy Coordinator in any of the following ways:
Email our Privacy Coordinator at:
If you do not receive acknowledgment of your inquiry or your inquiry has not been satisfactorily addressed, you should then contact TRUSTe at http://www.truste.org/consumers/watchdog_complaint.php, by postal mail at Watchdog Complaints, TRUSTe, 55 Second Street, 2d Floor, San Francisco, CA 94105, or by fax at (415) 520-3420. TRUSTe will then serve as a liaison with us to resolve your concerns.
Effective date: January 1, 2015


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For those looking to add a little extra oomph to their kitchen, AyA offers a variety of different options to help upgrade your space. Not to be confused with accessories or ornamentation, upgrades apply strictly to how the kitchen is built (boxes, doors, drawers, hinges & finishes).
Below are just a few of our top choices for upgrading your kitchen.
AyA customers have a choice of four options when it comes to drawers: standard, White full extension double-walled, wood drawer or solid beech dovetail. For a contemporary European look, our double-walled drawer system has an anti-slam mechanism and full extension rollers that allow total interior access. Wood dovetail drawers run on state-of-the-art European anti-slam glides for operational excellence with the elegance of wood.
The soft close revolution has moved into a new phase with the introduction of soft close hinges. AyA's integrated soft close hinge is a must have item in any kitchen. They have a concealed and completely integrated anti-slam mechanism that ensures a soft, gentle close and also works as a safety feature with children.
Each of AyA's upgraded drawer systems also feature a soft close mechanism that gently pulls the drawer in the last 4-5 inches, in slow motion, to a complete close. Silent and sturdy, these drawers are some of AyA's most popular upgrades.


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Frank Zappa, Genesis, Led Zeppelin, Jimi Hendrix, Queen, King Crimson, and The Police are just some of the many artists that have been ground through the Halloween rumor mill in past weeks. While last year, Phish included their fan base in the evolving mystery of what musical costume they would don for the holiday, this year we have been left in the dark. So many rumors have been tossed around with so many rationalizations that it is hard to believe any of them. We are two days away from Halloween and Phish has the entire community stumped – and kudos to them for keeping the secret all to themselves.
Both Mike and Trey have done interviews vaguely discussing the Halloween album, both giving it high praise. Gordon said:
I'm really excited about it, to the point where I'm calling some of my friends and I'm saying, 'Well, I don't even have any more room on my guest list, but you've got to come somehow, because this is going to be the one.' It just really feels right to me.
While Trey's significant soundbite was as follows:
This year, this one's for me. The one we picked, I'm going to get more out of this as a musician than I ever have before. Three songs into it, I called everybody and told them, 'None of the other ones — I wouldn't think, hopefully — will have nearly the effect on my playing this one's going to.
Without dropping any clues, the band, themselves, are hyping up Boadwalk Hall's blowout, clearly enjoying the fact that nobody knows what will happen.
Just yesterday, Atlantic City radio personality, Pinky Kravitz (father of part-time Phish photographer, Jeff Kravitz) speculated in print that Phish will play Led Zeppelin for Halloween, citing a "magic mockingbird" as his source. This published conjecture has made the British rockers' double-album "Physical Graffiti" the newest lead horse in this guessing derby. But if Phish has kept everyone guessing for this long, I find it highly unlikely they would allow the answer to leak days before Halloween.
Other front-running possibilities include Queen's "A Night at the Opera," Genesis, "The Lamb Lies Down on Broadway" or "Selling England By the Pound," Jimi Hendrix's "Electric Ladyland," King Crimson's "Lark's Tongue In Aspic," and any number of Frank Zappa albums. Assuming Phish is trying to please the entire audience, the abstract prog-rock of King Crimson has to be crossed out, while "The Lamb Lies Down On Broadway's" 90-minute, intricate rock opera seems unlikely for similar reasons. Though Trey is known to love both of these bands, these albums seem too inaccessible for a Halloween party.
While many fans have expressed interest in Phish stepping outside the boundaries of classic rock, many of the current possibilities are going right down that road. British glam-rockers, "Queen" and the eclectic Frank Zappa round out the most talked about candidates. Might the band honor the 15-year old fan ballot from 1995, when the high-vote getter was allegedly Zappa's "Joe's Garage?" That year, Phish vetoed the democratic process by playing The Who's "Quadrophenia" at Rosemont Horizon in Chicago.
To add another layer to this puzzle, an anonymous inside source recently claimed this year's musical costume is more complex and was harder for the band to learn than any they've chosen before. This clue has pushed my thinking in the direction of Zappa's catalog and away from the guitar-driven rock of Zeppelin and Hendrix. But at this point, nobody is sure of anything – and that is the best aspect of the mystery!
Another part of me feels that Phish might have a huge prank waiting in the wings and that all of these conjectures are way off base. I don't know where that leaves us, but something might happen that nobody ever saw coming. All of the talked albums have been talked about in previous years, and it would be just like Phish to come out and play something in a completely opposite direction. Last year, clues were leaked by now and some people knew the deal, but nobody I've come in contact with on tour seems to have a clue.
With only five sets of Phish separating us from the answer, musical hints may lie within. So keep your ears peeled and keep on guessing, because something tells me we won't know the answer until it happens. And that's just the way the band wants it.


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SAN FRANCISCO — At the annual San Francisco WordCamp, WordPress creator Matt Mullenweg told the audience a fascinating stat about the service.
In a talk that also included details on the next two versions of WordPress, Mullenweg said, "We're now up to 18.9 percent of the web running WordPress. … We're going to see the number of people who have WordPress as part of their daily habits grow exponentially.â€
Around 66 percent of those sites and blogs are in English. Monthly pageviews for all WordPress sites and blogs rose to a massive 4 billion in 2013.
Mullenweg also said around 30 percent of respondents in a recent survey from WP Engine were aware of WordPress as an entity or brand.
The service just celebrated its tenth anniversary in May, and parent company Automattic took a sizable $50 million funding round, also in May.
A lot of WordPress' growth is centered around its mobile apps. Automattic rolled out a total of 15 mobile app updates for WordPress in the past 12 months. According to a company-conducted survey, around 18 percent of WordPress users access the service from an Android tablet; 31 percent come to the service from an iOS device; and 30 percent find their way to WordPress on Android smartphones.
Mullenweg also said WordPress is seeing a threefold increase in the number of new signups via mobile.
With all that traffic, all those signups, and all those sites and blogs popping up on the platform, the company is also preparing to launch Developers.WordPress.org — it's not live yet, but it will serve as a developer resource with all kinds of goodies for folks who build on WordPress.
Article source: http://venturebeat.com/2013/07/27/19-percent-of-the-web-runs-on-wordpress/


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Merry Christmas, to those who celebrate it; happy end of 2014, to everyone else! I've prepared a Christmas paperdoll based on a paperdoll I drew ten years ago: Aelinora, an elvish princess who gets bored of traditional elven Christmas celebrations and sneaks off to work at Santa's workshop. She has four outfits (the two old ones won't fit, I'm afraid) plus a little poem. The color and black and white PDFs are available as downloads on Gumroad for $2. It's thanks to my mom – revisiting Aelinora was her idea.
Aelinora will have a bonus dress and short story available for free — but neither are done yet, so watch this space and I will get them up soon.
I'm excited about 2015 and I hope it brings wonderful things for all of you!


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Quokka Pendant and necklace Allegria
The pendant is sculpted from silver-plated pewter that has been oxidised and buffed to obtain a contemporary, antique look. They are so adorable, we know you will love them.
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The pendant comes in a branded gift box with a stainless steel snake chain, 45cm long. There are also matching earrings & pin in our wicked Wildlife Jewellery section. Other Pendants available on special order are Dragonfly, Butterfly, Brumby, Whale tail, Whale. Please email if you would like us to get one of these in for you.


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We are Reshaping the way Developers find and fix vulnerabilities before they get exploited.
Get actionable insight straight from our threat Intel lab to keep you informed about the ever-changing Threat landscape.
Have queries, feedback or prospects? Get in touch and we shall be with you shortly.
Conti group may have been involved in the resurrection of Emotet, becoming the largest threat throughout the transition in the ecosystem despite experiencing a ...
### Attack on Ukraine's District Energy Company In January 2024, the FrostyGoop malware inflicted significant damage on a district energy company in Lviv, Ukraine. This attack led to a two-day heating outage affecting hundreds of apartment buildings. The malware targeted temperature controllers, causing them to misread ambient temperatures and fail to provide adequate heating during harsh winter conditions. ### How FrostyGoop Operates FrostyGoop exploits the Modbus TCP protocol, a common communication method in operational technology (OT) environments. The malware alters temperature readings by manipulating this protocol, tricking controllers into misreporting temperatures. This results in cold water being pumped into buildings instead of heated water. ### Role of CSSC & Dragos The Cyber Security Situation Center (CSSC), part of Ukraine's Security Service, was actively instrumental in identifying and investigating this wide-scale attack. They shared critical details with Dragos, a leading operational technology defense vendor. Dragos then published a [comprehensive report](https://regmedia.co.uk/2024/07/23/dragos_frostygoop-report.pdf) [PDF] on FrostyGoop. This report highlights that FrostyGoop is the first malware to exploit the industrial Modbus protocol in such a direct manner. Additionally, it is only the ninth piece of malware discovered that specifically targets industrial control systems (ICS) devices. ## Technical Details of FrostyGoop ### Modbus Protocol Exploitation Modbus TCP, operating over port 502, is a widely used protocol in ICS environments. Unfortunately, its lack of robust security features makes it susceptible to attacks like FrostyGoop. ##### Modbus Communication ```python import modbus_tk import modbus_tk.defines as defines from modbus_tk import modbus_tcp server = modbus_tcp.TcpServer() server.start() # Create a slave slave = server.add_slave(1) slave.add_block('block1', defines.HOLDING_REGISTERS, 0, 10) # Write to a holding register slave.set_values('block1', 0, [1234]) # Read from a holding register print(slave.get_values('block1', 0, 10)) ``` This code demonstrates how Modbus TCP facilitates communication with ICS devices. FrostyGoop leverages this protocol's weaknesses to execute its payload. ### FrostyGoop Payload Analysis FrostyGoop is written in Golang and communicates with ICS devices using Modbus TCP. The malware employs two JSON-formatted configuration files: 1. **Device Information File**: Contains device IP addresses, Modbus commands, and register addresses. 2. **Execution Timing File**: Specifies when and how long the commands should be executed. This setup allows FrostyGoop to execute commands immediately or schedule them later. ## Incident Timeline ### Initial Compromise On April 17, 2023, attackers exploited a vulnerability in a Mikrotik router, gaining access to the energy provider's network. They deployed a web shell to facilitate data transfer and further network access. ### Malware Deployment By November 2023, attackers had stolen crucial security credentials. On January 22, 2024, they used a Layer Two Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) connection to launch the FrostyGoop attack from a remote Moscow-based IP address. ## Security Implications and Mitigation Strategies ### Protocol Vulnerabilities The Modbus protocol's inherent security flaws make it a prime target for attacks. The lack of authentication and encryption in Modbus TCP allows malware like FrostyGoop to exploit exposed devices. ### Recommended Mitigations 1. Ensure Modbus-connected devices are not accessible from the internet. 2. Enhance security by requiring multiple verification methods. 3. Secure data in transit with Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) and encryption protocols. 4. Regularly monitor ICS environments to detect and respond to threats promptly. Organizations managing ICS environments should review and enhance their security practices. Implement the recommended mitigations to protect against threats like FrostyGoop.
WazirX, India's largest cryptocurrency exchange, has announced a bug bounty program aimed at recovering $234.9 million in stolen crypto assets. This massive cyberattack has raised the temperature across the crypto space especially amongst the Indian crypto community, raising critical questions about exchange security. In this [Threatfeed](https://www.secureblink.com/cyber-security-news) analysis, we analyze the details of this major crypto hack, explore its implications, and how WazirX is reciprocating to this yet another major crisis. ## Cyberattack Details ### Incident On July 18, WazirX [confirmed](https://x.com/WazirXIndia/status/1813843289940058446) a major cyberattack resulting in the theft of over $230 million worth of investor funds. This theft represents nearly half of the exchange's estimated reserves, marking a significant blow to the Indian cryptocurrency landscape. ### Stolen Assets The stolen cryptocurrencies include: - **ETH:** $52.5 million - **USDT:** $5.79 million - **PEPE:** $7.6 million - **GALA:** $3.5 million - **MATIC:** $11.24 million - **SHIB:** $102 million This caused a 25% drop in the price of WazirX's native token, WRX. ## Suspected Perpetrators ### Lazarus Group Experts suspect the notorious [Lazarus Group](https://www.secureblink.com/cyber-security-news/lazarus-targets-spanish-aerospace-with-lightless-can), allegedly backed by North Korea, may be behind the attack. Known for targeting crypto exchanges and rarely returning stolen funds, the Lazarus Group's involvement underscores the severity and sophistication of the breach. Some of the previous names that Lazarus victimized severely are [CoinsPaid](https://www.secureblink.com/cyber-security-news/lazarus-heist-coins-paid-resilient-amidst-37-3-m-cryptocurrency-theft) with whooping theft of $37.3 million worth of cryptocurrency, [Atomic Wallet](https://www.secureblink.com/cyber-security-news/lazarus-group-behind-the-35-million-atomic-wallet-hack) resulted in $35 millions in cryptos, and $620 million [Axie Infinity's Ronin Network crypto hack linked to Lazarus Group](https://www.secureblink.com/cyber-security-news/540-million-axie-infinity-s-ronin-network-crypto-hack-linked-to-lazarus-group). ### Attack Vector The attack [targeted](https://www.investopedia.com/multi-signature-wallets-definition-5271193) a single multi-sig wallet on the Ethereum network. Multi-sig, short for multi-signature, is a crypto storage solution requiring multiple signatures for withdrawals. This wallet was operated via Liminal's digital asset custody and wallet infrastructure from February 2023, requiring approvals from six signatories, including five from WazirX and one from Liminal. ## Technical Aspects of the Attack ### How the Hack Was Executed Preliminary [investigations](https://wazirx.com/blog/preliminary-report-cyber-attack-on-wazirx-multisig-wallet/) suggest the attack resulted from a discrepancy between the transaction's actual contents and the data displayed on Liminal's interface. This mismatch between the signed and displayed information indicates that the payload was replaced, transferring wallet control to an attacker. Despite strong security systems, hackers managed to alter the transaction to bypass these measures. ### Attackers' Address Crypto sleuth ZachXBT [revealed](https://t.me/investigations/143) in a Telegram post that the attackers' address has over $104 million to dump. The main holdings include: - **Shiba Inu:** $100 million - **FLOKI:** $4.7 million - **Fantom:** $3.2 million - **Chainlink:** $2.8 million - **Fetch.ai:** $2.3 million The remaining funds are split among various tokens. ## Impact on WazirX and Investors ### Immediate Response In response to the attack, WazirX temporarily halted rupee and crypto withdrawals while investigations are underway. The platform is actively attempting to recover the stolen funds, though the complexity of the situation poses significant challenges. ### Investor Confidence The hack has undoubtedly shaken investor confidence, potentially having a chilling effect on the Indian crypto market. Regulatory bodies and other exchanges are likely to scrutinize the details of the attack, with stricter security protocols and regulations potentially emerging in its aftermath. ## Current Status & Recovery Efforts ### Bug Bounty Program To aid in recovering the stolen funds, WazirX has launched a bug bounty program. This initiative invites white-hat hackers and cybersecurity experts to identify vulnerabilities and assist in the recovery process. ### Liminal's Statement Liminal, the service provider for the affected multi-sig wallet, claims no breach within its system. _"We can confirm that Liminal's platform is not breached and Liminal's infrastructure, wallets, and assets continue to remain safe,"_ the company noted. ## Future Implications for the Indian Crypto Market ### Regulatory Scrutiny The incident raises questions about multi-sig security protocols and the overall robustness of crypto exchanges' security measures. As the full impact of the attack unfolds, regulatory bodies may impose stricter security protocols and regulations to prevent future breaches. ### Market Sentiment The hack's aftermath could lead to increased skepticism among investors, potentially slowing down the adoption and growth of the Indian crypto market. Exchanges will need to rebuild trust by demonstrating enhanced security measures and transparency. --- ### Links to keep an eye on at this hour! - [WazirX Blog](https://www.wazirx.com/blog) for updates. - [Web3 Security Firm Cyvers Alert](https://www.cyvers.io/) - [ZachXBT on Telegram](https://t.me/zachxbt)
On June 6, 2024, a threat actor named 'Ancryno' began selling a Telegram zero-day exploit on the Russian-speaking XSS hacking forum. Dubbed 'EvilVideo,' this vulnerability allowed attackers to send malicious Android APK payloads disguised as video files. This [Threatfeed](https://www.secureblink.com/cyber-security-news) delves into the underlying nuances revolving around the intricacies of the EvilVideo exploit, its discovery, impact, and subsequent mitigation. --- #### Discovery and Disclosure Security researchers discovered the flaw after a Proof of Concept (PoC) demonstration was shared on a public Telegram channel. The exploit, targeting Telegram versions v10.14.4 and older, was confirmed to work by ESET. Researcher Lukas Stefanko responsibly disclosed the flaw to Telegram on June 26, 2024, and again on July 4, 2024. Telegram responded promptly, stating they were investigating the report. On July 11, 2024, they released version 10.14.5, which patched the vulnerability. This patch ended a five-week period during which threat actors could have exploited the zero-day. ![figure-2-post-on-an-underground-forum(1).png](https://sb-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/figure_2_post_on_an_underground_forum_1_1d15dda10f.png) ***Snapshot of an Unground Forum's Post [ESET](https://www.welivesecurity.com/en/eset-research/cursed-tapes-exploiting-evilvideo-vulnerability-telegram-android/)*** --- #### Exploit Mechanism The EvilVideo exploit was crafted to work solely on Telegram for Android. It allowed attackers to create specially crafted APK files that appeared as embedded videos when sent to other users on Telegram. ##### Exploit Details 1. **Payload Creation:** The exploit uses the Telegram API to programmatically create a message that appears to show a 30-second video. 2. **Media Auto-Download:** On its default setting, the Telegram app automatically downloads media files. Users who have this setting enabled would receive the payload once they opened the conversation. 3. **Manual Download:** For users who have disabled auto-download, a single tap on the video preview would initiate the file download. 4. **Execution:** When users attempt to play the fake video, Telegram suggests using an external player, prompting the recipient to tap "Open" and execute the payload. 5. **Installation:** The victim must enable the installation of unknown apps from the device settings, allowing the malicious APK file to install on the device. --- #### Impact Analysis The EvilVideo exploit was significant but required multiple steps to execute, reducing the likelihood of a successful attack. Despite the threat actor's claim that the exploit was "one-click," the necessity for multiple user actions added friction to the process. ##### C2 Server and Malicious APKs ESET identified a command and control server (C2) at 'infinityhackscharan.ddns[.]net' used by the payloads. Two malicious APK files using this C2 were found on VirusTotal, masquerading as Avast Antivirus and an 'xHamster Premium Mod.' --- #### Technical Analysis ESET's analysis revealed that the exploit was most likely crafted using the Telegram API. This allowed developers to upload specifically crafted multimedia files to Telegram chats or channels programmatically. The malicious payload appeared as a 30-second video due to this API manipulation. ```python import telegram # Replace with your own token and chat ID bot = telegram.Bot(token='YOUR_BOT_TOKEN') chat_id = 'YOUR_CHAT_ID' # Craft the malicious payload payload = open('malicious_payload.apk', 'rb') bot.send_video(chat_id=chat_id, video=payload, supports_streaming=True, caption="Check out this cool video!") ``` This Python snippet demonstrates how the Telegram API can be used to send a video, which in this case, would be the malicious payload. --- #### Mitigation and Recommendations Telegram's fix in version 10.14.5 now displays the APK file correctly in the preview, preventing deception by appearing as video files. Users are advised to perform a filesystem scan using a mobile security suite if they received suspicious video files that requested an external app to play via Telegram. ##### File Locations - Internal Storage: `/storage/emulated/0/Telegram/Telegram Video/` - External Storage: `/storage/<SD Card ID>/Telegram/Telegram Video/` --- #### Indicators of Compromise (IoCs) **Files** | SHA-1 | Filename | Detection | Description | |--------------------------------------|---------------|----------------------|-------------------------| | F159886DCF9021F41EAA2B0641A758C4F0C4033D | Teating.apk | Android/Spy.SpyMax.T | EvilVideo payload | **Network** | IP | Domain | Hosting Provider | First Seen | Details | |------------------|-------------------------------|---------------------------------|--------------|----------------------------| | 183.83.172[.]232 | infinityhackscharan.ddns[.]net | Administrator Beam Cable System | 2024-07-16 | C&C server of EvilVideo | --- #### MITRE ATT&CK Techniques | Tactic | ID | Name | Description | |------------------|-------|-------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------| | Initial Access | T1664 | Exploitation for Initial Access | The EvilVideo vulnerability can be abused by Android malware to achieve initial device access. | | Execution | T1658 | Exploitation for Client Execution | The EvilVideo vulnerability tricks the victim into installing a malicious app that impersonates a multimedia file. |


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Computational Complexity and other fun stuff in math and computer science from Lance Fortnow and Bill Gasarch
Tuesday, February 12, 2013
Proving DFA-langs closed under concat and * without using equiv to NDFA's
He emailed back the following sketches of proofs of closure that only use DFA's:
Closure under concat: states will be of the form (q,S) where q is a state of M1 and S is a set of states of M2. Start in (q0, {}) where q0 is the start state of M1. Each time a character is read advance q in M1 and advance each element of S in M2. Whenever q is an accepting state, insert M2's start set into S. Accept if S contains an accepting state of M2.
Closure under star: It is easy to modify a DFA so that the start state has no incoming edges. I'll assume that M is already in that form. State of the new machine will be a set S of states of M. Start in state {q0}. Each time a character is read, advance each state in S and then if S contains an accepting state of M insert q0 into S. Accept if S contains q0.
After complementing him on his answes I asked him him about proving Reg-exp-langs closed under complementation without using equiv to DFA's. He doesn't know how to do that, so I assume it can't be done. But is there a rigorous way to even state that?
16 comments:
In the context of interactive theorem provers, this is actually a serious
question: since it is really hard to reason formally about automata.
So my co-authors and I set out to prove the Myhill-Nerode theorem by only
using regular expressions (never introducing the notion what an automaton
is). Once you have the Myhill-Nerode theorem, closure under complementation
is trivial. The short paper appeared at ITP 2012; the longer version is
So the short answer is it can be done.- Anonymous12:34 PM, February 12, 2013
See Moshe Vardi's lecture here:
They had to deal with a similar issue. - Anonymous2:09 PM, February 12, 2013
hi "UC". your paper is very interesting! was recently trying to convince stasys jukna to attack an important problem of his using an FSM minimization attack & suggested that automated theorem proving may someday crack problems somewhere in this area. your paper shows significant advancement in this area. now, can it be used to break some important open problems? the formalization of the myhill-nerode thm seems like a huge step in this direction.
his problem is to prove that bellman ford algorithm for shortest path is optimal and interestingly it seems to result in something that looks a lot like finding optimal FSMs. here is the problem on stackexchange.
Combinatorics of Bellman-Ford or how to make cyclic graphs acyclic?RepliesI think there is a slight confusion. Notice I have not written "automated theorem provers", but "interactive theorem provers". In interactive theorem proving we have the joke that thinking is only "Plan B" ("Plan A" being to first try quite powerful and integrated automated provers), but it is only a joke. The paper does not describe a push-button-result. On the contrary, it makes the case that even with such powerful tools a lot of (human) thinking is needed - in this case what is the right datastructure over which the proof should proceed. So I would not yet hold my breath that current technology in this area can on their own make any significant advances with open problems. But I am hoping too (and develop interactive theorem provers to be of more help in the future).
Delete- Anonymous3:16 PM, February 14, 2013
hi UC ... yes of course did understand the paper is not presenting an automated proof. also the Jukna problem is far from being solved even with a powerful prover and even with lots of human hand holding. am just stating that its in the realm of possibility with a concerted attack. however, the myhill-nerode theorem is all about FSM optimization and leads to an actual algorithm given in Hopcroft & Ullman, intro to automata, languages, and computation. 1978. suspect some important proofs based on induction with FSM optimization are on the near horizon and that Jukna's problem is similar. and someday, maybe push button results will actually be possible. [thats whole other can of worms, I mean, another research program!]
Richard Beigel's constructions have been known for a long time in the "state complexity" literature. The first appearance (with proof sketches only) seems to be in A. Maslov: Estimates of the number of states of finite automata, Soviet Mathematics Doklady, 11 (1970) 1373-1375.
Later the results were rediscovered and elaborated by S. Yu, Q. Zhuang, K. Salomaa, The state complexity of some basic operations on regular languages, Theoret. Comput. Sci. 125 (1994) 315–328.
As for the question about regular expressions, there are recent results of Gelade and Neven exhibiting a family of regular expressions for which the smallest regular expression for the complement has a doubly-exponential blowup in size. So any direct construction of the complement from the regular expression will have to be rather complicated. See http://tocl.acm.org/accepted/401neven.pdf .- Josh Grochow11:20 PM, February 12, 2013
I agree with Jeff Erickson: those proofs seem like they just take the conversion from NFAs to DFAs and "inline" them into the proof that DFAs are closed under concat and *. I wonder if one can show that at least the resulting blow-up in size is necessary, as in Jeffrey Shallit's answer: is there a regular language L where the size of the smallest DFA for L* is exponential in the size of the smallest DFA for L? (And the analogous idea for concat.)
ReplyDelete The question `is there a proof of closure under CONCAT or * that only used DFA's' is of course an informal one. What I really wanted to know is `is there a proof I could show my class before they
saw DFA's' and to that the proof Richard emailed me WOULD suffice.
That is, it is simple enough to show them. (I did email them a link
to this post, though that was after they had seen the normal proofs.)
By contrast, from the comments here, it seems that comp of reg exp
would not be in the class class-room-teachable.- Anonymous3:21 AM, February 14, 2013
This brings up the question: Is it in the class LSSL (Limited Success Student Learnable)? Can we use it to separate LSSL from CRT?
ReplyDelete - Anonymous10:35 AM, February 15, 2013
You can show pretty easily that regular languages are closed under complement via Brzozowski derivatives.That is, you can directly show that Da(not(r)) = not(Da(r)), and then you can show separately that the set of derivatives (modulo the ACU axioms for +) of a regular expression r is finite, which gives you a DFA for recognizing a regular language. You never even have to mention the existence of NFAs.
See "Derivatives of Regular Expressions", Janusz A. Brzozowski, Journal of the ACM, Volume 11 Issue 4, Oct. 1964, Pages 481-494.
Derivatives give a very pretty, algebraic way of proceeding, without forcing you into the weeds of automata constructions. It's a shame they are not better-known. I agree with the last Anonymous post on Brzozowski derivatives. On a personal note, though, I think that the set difference operator is probably easier for an undergraduate class to grok than the complement operator. Maybe it's my inner category theorist talking, but I don't think that set complement is in any way natural.
ReplyDelete- Anonymous10:58 AM, March 01, 2013
ps re working with complements of DFAs, this question popped up on cs.se recently & the answers relate to complementing an NFA without determinizing it 1st. when thinking about it yrs ago, decided there seems to be a natural generalization of an NFA which halting is based on a multistate transition landing in "all of S1" states where S is a set, in contrast to the standard halt condition of landing in "any of S2" states, where S1 and S2 are complementary states on the NFA. but havent seen this considered in the literature. maybe someone else?
Is there a efficient test for if an NFA accepts a subset of another NFA? - Anonymous11:03 AM, March 01, 2013
ps re complementing the NFA without determinizing. on pondering this yrs ago, decided that there seems to be a natural generalization of NFAs as follows. instead of the halt state based on a multistate configuration landing in "any of S1" states where S1 is a set (as in determinization algorithm), consider a new concept of a multistate configuration landing in "all of S2" states where S2 is the complement of S1. but this does not seem to be considered in the literature. there is some discussion of this on a recent cs.se question:
Is there a efficient test for if an NFA accepts a subset of another NFA?


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The state of Colorado has a bridge it wants to give you.
The catch?
"For those who are interested, the bridge is free to a good home, but the recipient will need to pay for the disassembly, relocation, and re-assembly of the bridge," the Colorado Department of Transportation says on its website.
The DOT is hoping to unload the Dotsero Bridge, a 150-foot-long, 33-foot-wide, 13-foot-high and 77-year-old metal truss bridge that spans the Colorado River and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the Denver Post reported.
And it's hoping to unload the bridge — which it plans to replace with a new "green" bridge — without having itself to pay for its removal.
"The bridge may be a good candidate for re-use as a pedestrian or recreational trail bridge," agency historian Lisa Schoch told the Denver Post.
Want the bridge? Just be sure you invest in a new deck and abutments wherever you put it, and don't disrupt any of the lead paint that covers the bridge.
The bridge has not yet been posted on Craigslist but can be had for a song by calling the DOT.


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Multiple Regression Residual Analysis and Outliers
See how to analyze residuals using statistical software
Excerpt from Statistical Thinking for Industrial Problem Solving, a free online statistics course
- Learn more by enrolling in the Correlation and Regression module of our free statistics course.
- Download a free trial of JMP to try it yourself.
One should always conduct a residual analysis to verify that the conditions for drawing inferences about the coefficients in a linear model have been met.
Recall that, if a linear model makes sense, the residuals will:
- have a constant variance
- be approximately normally distributed (with a mean of zero), and
- be independent of one another over time.
In the Impurity example, we've fit a model with three continuous predictors: Temp, Catalyst Conc, and Reaction Time.
In the residual by predicted plot below, we see that the residuals are randomly scattered around the center line of zero, with no obvious non-random pattern.
The normal quantile plot of the residuals gives us no reason to believe that the errors are not normally distributed.
Because our data are time-ordered, we also look at the residual by row number plot to verify that observations are independent over time. This plot also does not show any obvious patterns, giving us no reason to believe that the model errors are autocorrelated. Note that a formal test for autocorrelation, the Durbin-Watson test, is available. But this discussion is beyond the scope of this lesson.
One limitation of these residual plots is that the residuals reflect the scale of measurement. The standard deviation of the residuals at different values of the predictors can vary, even if the variances are constant. So, it's difficult to use residuals to determine whether an observation is an outlier, or to assess whether the variance is constant.
An alternative is to use studentized residuals. A studentized residual is calculated by dividing the residual by an estimate of its standard deviation. The standard deviation for each residual is computed with the observation excluded. For this reason, studentized residuals are sometimes referred to as externally studentized residuals.
Studentized residuals are more effective in detecting outliers and in assessing the equal variance assumption. The Studentized Residual by Row Number plot essentially conducts a t test for each residual. Studentized residuals falling outside the red limits are potential outliers.
This plot does not show any obvious violations of the model assumptions. We also do not see any obvious outliers or unusual observations. Let's take a closer look at the topic of outliers, and introduce some terminology. An observation is considered an outlier if it is extreme, relative to other response values. In contrast, some observations have extremely high or low values for the predictor variable, relative to the other values. These are referred to as high leverage observations. The fact that an observation is an outlier or has high leverage is not necessarily a problem in regression.
But some outliers or high leverage observations exert influence on the fitted regression model, biasing our model estimates. Take, for example, a simple scenario with one severe outlier. This observation has a much lower Yield value than we would expect, given the other values and Concentration.
The regression model for Yield as a function of Concentration is significant, but note that the line of fit appears to be tilted towards the outlier. We can see the effect of this outlier in the residual by predicted plot. The center line of zero does not appear to pass through the points.
For illustration, we exclude this point from the analysis and fit a new line.
Note the change in the slope of the line. The slope is now steeper. An increase in the value of Concentration now results in a larger decrease in Yield. Also, note the change in the fit statistics. RSquare increased from 0.337 to 0.757, and Root Mean Square Error improved, changing from 1.15 to 0.68. Much more of the variation in Yield is explained by Concentration, and as a result, model predictions will be more precise.
In this example, the one outlier essentially controlled the fit of the model. It's easy to visualize outliers using scatterplots and residual plots. But how do we determine if outliers are influential? A statistic referred to as Cook's D, or Cook's Distance, helps us identify influential points. Cook's D measures how much the model coefficient estimates would change if an observation were to be removed from the data set.
There is one Cook's D value for each observation used to fit the model. The higher the Cook's D value, the greater the influence. Generally accepted rules of thumb are that Cook's D values above 1.0 indicate influential values, and any values that stick out from the rest might also be influential. For our simple Yield versus Concentration example, the Cook's D value for the outlier is 1.894, confirming that the observation is, indeed, influential.
Returning to our Impurity example, none of the Cook's D values are greater than 1.0. So, we can conclude that no one observation is overly influential on the model.
What do we do if we identify influential observations? These observations might be valid data points, but this should be confirmed. Sometimes influential observations are extreme values for one or more predictor variables. If this is the case, one solution is to collect more data over the entire region spanned by the regressors. There are also robust statistical methods, which down-weight the influence of the outliers, but these methods are beyond the scope of this course.


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Jean de Meun
Our editors will review what you've submitted and determine whether to revise the article.
Jean de Meun (born c. 1240, Meung-sur-Loire, France—died before 1305) was a French poet famous for his continuation of the Roman de la rose, an allegorical poem in the courtly love tradition begun by Guillaume de Lorris about 1225.
Jean de Meun's original name was Clopinel, or Chopinel, but he became known by the name of his birthplace. He probably owned a home in Paris and may have been archdeacon of the Beauce, a region between Paris and Orléans. Little is known of his life.
His poems are satiric, coarse, at times immoral, but fearless and outspoken in attacking the abuses of the age. His strong antifeminism and censures on the vices of the church were bitterly resented.
Jean used the plot of the Roman de la rose (c. 1280) as a means of conveying a mass of encyclopaedic information and opinions on every topic likely to interest his contemporaries, especially the increasingly important bourgeois class. At various times he relates the history of classical heroes, attacks the hoarding of money, and theorizes about astronomy and about the human duty to increase and multiply. Many of his views were hotly contested, but they held the attention of the age. The allegory itself was of little importance to him; the famous "Confession" of Nature (one of the characters in the poem) digressed from the narrative for some 3,500 verses, yet it was such digressions that secured the poem's reputation. Nearly a century later Geoffrey Chaucer translated a segment of the poem, and some scholars hold that it influenced his work more than any other vernacular French or Italian poetry.


text:
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When you visit our site, we collect technical information about your computer and how you access our website and analyze this information such as Internet Protocol (IP) address of your computer, the operating system used by your computer, the browser (eg, Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer or other) your computer uses, the name of your Internet service provider (ISP), the Uniform Resource Locator (URL) of the website from which you come and the URL to which you go next and certain operating metrics such as the number of times you use our website. This general information can be used to help us better understand how our site is viewed and used. We may share this general information about our site with our business partners or the general public. For example, we may share the information on the number of daily unique visitors to our site with potential corporate partners or use them for advertising purposes. This information does contain any of your personal data that can be used to contact you or identify you.
When we place links or banners to other sites of our website, please note that we do not control this kind of content or practices or privacy policies of those sites. We do not endorse or assume no responsibility for the privacy policies or information collection practices of any other website other than managed sites LaraClassifier.
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The number of all-time October daily snowfall records set on October 29 has now increased to 27. In addition to the records previously reported are the following (previous record in parentheses):
Hartford CT 12.3" (1.7", 1979-10-10)An additional 69 records were reported broken yesterday (October 30). These were primarily cooperative reporting stations, but the official station at Portland, Maine reported a new record of 5.2", vs. the old record of 3.6" (1969-10-22) in a 91-year snowfall history.
Bridgeport CT 3.5" (0.5", 1987-10-04)
Worcester MA 11.4" (7.5", 1979-10-10)
Concord NH 13.6" (2.1", 1969-10-22)


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In the context of printed electronics, a chemical that can be turned into a desired chemical after processing because the desired chemical cannot be processed directly using that equipment. An example is pentacene semiconductors which trditionally cannot be printed but IBM has developed pentacene precursor that can.
See the IDTechEx report Introduction to Printed Electronics


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Game Description:
Embark on a thrilling dice-rolling adventure with Yahtzee, a classic game of luck and strategy. Whether you're playing with friends or challenging yourself in a solo session, Yahtzee offers an exciting combination of chance and skill, making each game unique and engaging.
Game Controls:
For PC/Laptop:
- Use your mouse to interact with the virtual dice and scorecard.
- Click on the dice you want to roll and choose the scoring category on your turn.
For Mobile Devices:
- Tap the screen to roll the dice and make selections.
- Navigate the interface with ease using intuitive touch controls.
How to Play:
Rolling the Dice:
- Objective:
- Achieve the highest total score by strategically choosing scoring categories.
- Turn Structure:
- Each player takes turns rolling five dice up to three times per turn.
- Scoring Categories:
- Choose a category to score in after each roll.
- Categories include ones, twos, threes, fours, fives, sixes, three of a kind, four of a kind, full house, small straight, large straight, chance, and Yahtzee.
Tips and Tricks:
- Upper Section Strategy:
- Focus on filling the upper section of the scorecard to earn bonus points.
- Yahtzee Bonus:
- Aim to score multiple Yahtzees for bonus points.
- Bonus points are awarded for subsequent Yahtzees in the Yahtzee category.
- Full House and Straights:
- Prioritize achieving a full house or straights early for consistent scoring.
Game Developer:
Yahtzee, in its digital form, has been adapted by various developers, with different versions available online. The original tabletop game was created by Milton Bradley.
Game Platforms:
Play the game on diverse platforms for widespread availability:
- PC/Laptop: Access online versions through web browsers.
- Mobile Devices: Enjoy Yahtzee on iOS and Android devices through dedicated apps.
How to Play Unblocked:
Experience uninterrupted game fun by playing unblocked versions on gaming websites. Search for "Yahtzee unblocked" to find platforms offering browser-based gameplay without restrictions.
Immerse yourself in the excitement of the game, where each roll of the dice brings new possibilities. Test your luck and strategic skills in this classic game that has stood the test of time!


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9/11 and the Fake War on Terror – 3 Guilty Factions
Makia Freeman, Contributor
Waking Times
The 911 attacks that happened in the USA on September 11th, 2001, did indeed change the world in a way that hardly any other event has. As we arrive at the 15th anniversary of the grandest and most daring false flag operation in the known history of the world, it is important to remember that numerous aspects of the 911 attacks still remain shrouded in secrecy.
Despite this secrecy, we know enough to say there were 3 guilty groups involved in the operation on that fateful day.
911 Guilty Group #1: Saudi Arabia
We'll begin with the most obvious group: the nation of Saudi Arabia, which is really the private kingdom of the House of Saud, the oil-rich, Bush-and-Clinton-funding, citizen-beheading, human right-destroying tyrannical regime that lashes bloggers for writing against them and forbids women from driving cars.
Saudi Arabia's involvement in the 911 attacks is obvious, since right after the attacks the FBI named 15 (out of 19) hijackers of Saudi nationality.
However, it's important not to just stop here (as the conspirators want you to) because you'll miss the deeper forces orchestrating the attacks. They want Islamophobia.
They want the public to hate Islam and Islamic terrorism, to be afraid of US-Israeli creations like ISIS, and to view all Muslims as the new enemy. Despite what you may think, Saudi Arabia and Israel have a cosy relationship which was an important element of the 911 attacks.
Representatives of the Bush and Bin Laden family met the day before the 911 attacks. Things are not always what they seem …
Earlier this year, when Congress was discussing the possibility of releasing the infamous 28 pages, Saudi Arabia got so riled up they blackmailed the US by threatening to sell $750 billion in US treasuries to collapse the US dollar!
Eventually the 28 pages were released, showing how Saudi Arabia used spies to launder money to the 911 hijackers.
They provided the cash, the spies and the operatives. The American public knew all about it right from the start – yet funnily enough, Saudi Arabia never got attacked for their part, despite the fact that fellow Muslim nations did, such asIraq, Afghanistan, Sudan, Libya and Syria just name a few.
Four-star General Wesley Clark exposing the US plan of invading seven countries in five years:
A passage from the 28 pages reads:
"Discussion: One reason for the limited understanding is that it was only after September 11 that the U.S. Government began to aggressively investigate this issue. Prior to September 11th, the FBI apparently did not focus investigative resources on ——– —————— Saudi nationals in the United States due to Saudi Arabia's status as an American "ally.""
Both the released 28 pages themselves, and the idea that Saudi Arabia was wholly responsible for the 911 attacks, are examples of a limited hangout.
Former CIA asset Osama bin Laden was fingered to take the fall, and made a great new bogeyman with a long scary beard and turban.
Saudi Arabia was a guilty group, but they were hardly the only force behind the entire operation. For that, we must turn to the next guilty group, the neocons.
911 Guilty Group #2: Neocons
911 was an inside and an outside job. The criminal element on the inside are theneocons or neoconservatives which came to power with George Bush Jr. in 2000. Many neocons are Jewish or Zionist and share a lust for enforcing American supremacy at the point of a gun.
Prominent neocons include Dick Cheney, Donald Rumseld, I. Lewis (Scooter) Libby, Richard Perle, Doug Feith, Jeb Bush, Robert Kagan (whose wife Vicky Nuland was heavily involved in the George Soros-funded Ukrainian coup of 2014) and Paul Wolfowitz (author of the Wolfowitz doctrine which advocates the US do everything it can to maintain its sole superpower status).
All of these neocons were in key positions in the Bush administration during the 911 attacks, especially Dick Cheney, who told NORAD to stand down. Many of them were also part of PNAC (Project for a New American Century), whose paper Rebuilding America's Defenses contained this oft-quote piece of 911 foreknowledge:
"This process of transformation is likely to be a long one, absent some catastrophic and catalyzing event – like a new Pearl Harbor."
The neocons were the necessary group on the inside who allowed the attacks to happen, by refusing to take action at key moments that should have been taken to prevent it.
To pull off an op like this, you need people on the inside preventing those not in the know from doing their jobs – that's why there were 46 drills on the day of 911 to confuse the hell out of everyone!
The neocons were up to their necks in crime, but the deepest level of the conspiracy can be found by examining the 3rd guilty group of 911: the Zionist regime of Israel and its spy agencies like the Mossad.
911 Guilty Group #3: Israel
As I covered in the article 9/11 was an Inside and Outside Job: Remembering the Israel 9/11 Role, Israel was deeply involved in planning and pulling off the 911 attacks. The evidence is damning and piles up high.
Here is a brief selection of it:
– Right after the incident, Israeli PM Netanyahu said the 911 attacks were "very good", that they had "swung American public opinion in our favor" and that "we are benefiting from one thing, and that is the attack on the Twin Towers and Pentagon, and the American struggle in Iraq" according to the Israeli newspaper Ma'ariv;
– Trump said there were 5 dancing Muslims celebrating the 911 attacks, but actually there were 5 dancing Israelis on the rooftop who claimed they had been sent there "to document the event";
– The Israeli military agency Mossad using a front company Urban Moving Systems to blow up bombs and frame Muslims (their van just so happened to have a mural decoration on the side of a plane going into the WTC!);
– The Israeli company ZIM vacated their WTC lease just a week before 9/11, incurring a $50,000 fine to do so;
– Israeli backdoor technology penetrated the U.S. Government's Telecom System and compromised national security;
– Over 100 Mossad agents were arrested before and after 911, but quietly sent back to Israel;
– Mossad agents driving around New York with highlighted maps, fake passports, boxcutters, cash and explosives;
– Mossad trying to frame Palestinians with a truck bomb; and
– Mossad agent and cousin of 911 hijacker busted by the Lebanese authorities.
There is plenty more evidence than the above, which is just a small sampling.
- After all, the Zionist regime since its inception in 1948 has carried out all sorts of atrocities such as stealing land and committing genocide against a sovereign people (the Palestinians);
- infiltrating the governments of almost all the major countries of the world, e.g. USA, Britain, France, Germany, Australia and Canada (as well as the United Nations) to the point where it dictates their foreign (and sometimes even domestic) policy;
- attacking the USS Liberty in 1967 (even though the US and Israel were supposed allies at the time) with unmarked aircraft;
- exaggerating the threat of the Iranian nuclear intentions, while harboring a nuclear arsenal of its own, and refusing to sign the nuclear non-proliferation treaty;
- being behind the invention and creation of radical Islam, Islamic terrorism, Islamophobia and the demonization of Islam;
- being behind the creation of the ISIS, including making and releasing fake footage of supposed beheadings via its front group SITE.
They have a long, long history of deceit and criminality.
Conclusion: The 911 Attacks Were Carried out by a Troika of Conspirators
Reporter Wayne Madsen refers to the 3 guilty parties as the troika of 911 conspirators. Many of the events in today's world are not simply carried out by the "New World Order"; they are both the result of warring factions and the intermingling of interests.
The false flag 911 attacks were obviously a huge operation and it is therefore unsurprising that so many groups were involved in its orchestration, facilitation and execution.
Hopefully on this 15th anniversary of 911, people will take a renewed interest in this grand deception and further spread the truth about it.
About the Author
Makia Freeman is the editor of The Freedom Articles and senior researcher at ToolsForFreedom.com (FaceBook here), writing on many aspects of truth and freedom, from exposing aspects of the worldwide conspiracy to suggesting solutions for how humanity can create a new system of peace and abundance
**Sources embedded throughout article.
Like Waking Times on Facebook. Follow Waking Times on Twitter.
This article has first appeared on HumansAreFree.com, and is re-posted here with permission.
~~ Help Waking Times to raise the vibration by sharing this article with friends and family…


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WPML Widgets is a simple to use extension to add a language selector dropdown to your widgets.
This plugin is the easiest way to add multilingual widgets to your website.
WPML Widgets is a ultra lightweight plugin, so there will be (about) zero extra loading time.
- Upload the folder
to the/wp-content/plugins/
directory - Activatz-la via lo menú Extensions dins l'admin WordPress
- Installation Instructions
- Upload the folder
to the/wp-content/plugins/
directory - Activatz-la via lo menú Extensions dins l'admin WordPress
- Upload the folder
Contributors & Developers
"WPML Widgets" is open source software. The following people have contributed to this plugin.
ContributorsTranslate "WPML Widgets" into your language.
Interested in development?
Browse the code, check out the SVN repository, or subscribe to the development log by RSS.
1.0.6 – 04/01/2016
- Fix – Issue introduced in 1.0.5 where with some people the 'wpml_get_active_languages()' function doesn't exist.
1.0.5 – 02/01/2016
- Change – Removed the unneeded prefixes of the class methods.
- Tested – With the current WordPress version (4.7)
- Improvement – Change the deprecated 'wpml_active_languages' function to 'wpml_get_active_languages'
1.0.4 – 25/04/2014
- Fix – Escape url in admin
1.0.3 – 20/12/2014
- Fix – Notice on WP_Debug mode when values are not saved
- Add – Nagg message when WPML is not active 😉
- Improvement – Use Singleton to initiate plugin
- Improvement – Better code/comment quality
- Fix – WordPress Multisite supported check
= 1.0.1=
* Fix – notices in debug mode
* Fix – Widgets won't break when WPML is not activated
- Initial release


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- Home Broadcasts Use Cases
Quick Start
What is respond.io?
Setting Up an Account
Connecting Channels
Inviting Your Teammates
Getting Contacts to Message You
Automated Welcome and Away Messages
Responding to Messages
Glossary of Terms
WhatsApp Business Platform (API) Quick Start
Getting Ready for Inbound Conversations
Getting Ready for Promotional Messaging
WhatsApp Official Business Account (Green Tick)
Grow your WhatsApp Audience by Maximizing Entry Points
Get WhatsApp API Account for Government Agencies
Meta Business Verification
WhatsApp Message Templates
WhatsApp Pricing
WhatsApp Business Platform (API) Channel Configuration
WhatsApp Messaging Limits
Meta Product Catalog
Change Your WhatsApp Business Display Name
Migrating from WhatsApp Personal or WhatsApp Business App
Phone Number Migration to respond.io WhatsApp Business Platform (API)
Turn-off WhatsApp Number Two-Step Verification
WhatsApp Cloud API
360dialog WhatsApp
Twilio WhatsApp
MessageBird WhatsApp
Vonage WhatsApp
Phone Number Migration to WhatsApp Cloud API
Facebook Messenger
Facebook Messenger Overview
Facebook Messenger Quick Start
Facebook Chat Plugin
Facebook Private Replies
Facebook Message Tag
Google Business Messages
Website Chat Widget
Website Chat Widget Overview
Website Chat Widget Quick Start
Install Website Chat Widget on WordPress
Install Website Chat Widget on Shopify
Install Website Chat Widget on Wix
Install Website Chat Widget on Joomla
Install Website Chat Widget on Squarespace
Custom Channel
Dashboard & Reporting
Reports Overview
Reports: Conversations
Reports: Responses
Reports: Resolutions
Reports: Messages
Reports: Contacts
Reports: Assignments
Reports: Leaderboard
Reports: Users
Reports: Broadcasts
Inbox Overview
Assignment and Closing a Conversation
Custom Inboxes
Interacting with Respond AI Prompts
Using AI Assist
Contacts Overview
Contact Details
Merge Suggestions
Contact Channels
Contact Activity
Contact Import
Broadcasts Module
Workflows Overview
Workflow Triggers
Workflow Steps Overview
Step: AI Agent
Step: Send a Message
Step: Ask a Question
Step: Assign To
Step: Branch
Step: Update Contact Tag
Step: Update Contact Field
Step: Open Conversation
Step: Close Conversation
Step: Add Comment
Step: Jump To
Step: Date & Time
Step: Wait
Step: Trigger Another Workflow
Step: HTTP Request
Step: Add Google Sheets Row
Dynamic Variables
Workspace Settings
Managing a Workspace
Workspace Settings: General
Workspace Settings: Users
Workspace Settings: Teams
Workspace Settings: Channels
Workspace Settings: Growth Widgets
Workspace Settings: Contact Fields
Workspace Settings: Integrations
Workspace Setting: Respond AI
Workspace Settings: Closing Notes
Workspace Settings: Snippets
Workspace Settings: Tags
Workspace Settings: Files
Workspace Settings: Data Export
Workspace Settings: Data Import
Organization Settings
Organization Overview
Organization Settings: General
Organization Settings: Users
Organization Settings: Workspaces
Organization Settings: WhatsApp Fees
Organization Settings: Billing & Usage
Organization Settings: Security
User Account
Mobile App
Installing respond.io Mobile App
Messaging From Your Mobile
Managing Notifications On Your Mobile
Configuring Mobile App Settings
Help Menu
Conversation Led Growth
Capture Conversations
How to Streamline Meeting Scheduling via CTC Ads
How to Route Contacts from CTC Ads to Agents
How to Automate Product Info Sharing in Conversations Initiated via CTC Ads
How to Send Outbound Sales Messages
How to Send Outbound Support Messages
How to Track Conversation Source from Multiple Websites
Automate Conversations
How to Maximize Customer Service Potential with AI Agent
How to Automate Contact Information Collection with AI
How to Automatically Qualify Contacts Based on Budget Using AI Agent
How to Block Contacts and Manage Spam
How to Create Automated Welcome and Away Messages
How to Create Automated Chat Menus
How to Route Contacts to Preferred AI Agent
How to Route Contacts by their Preferred Language
How to Route New and Returning Contacts
How to Route Contacts by Team Functions
How to Route Contacts by Shifts
How to Enrich Customer Data from a CRM or other Business Software
Assignment Strategy: How to Automate Contact Distribution & Load Balancing
Assignment Strategy: How to Unassign Agents after Conversations Closed
How to Collect Contacts' Emails and Phone Numbers
How to Get Contacts' Consent for Personal Data Collection
How to Route VIP Contacts
How to Promptly Transfer Conversation Between Agents
How to Guide Customers from Exploration to Purchase with Engaging Menus
How to Optimize Customer Onboarding with Automated & Customized Welcome Messages
How to Send CSAT to Customer and Save Data in Google Sheets or CRMs
Converse with Customers
How to Get a Complete View of the Customers
How to Simplify Customer Escalation with Automation
How to Transfer Contacts to the Next Shift Automatically
How to Optimize Agents' Productivity in the Inbox Module
How to Write an Optimal AI Persona (Best Practices)
How to Write the Best Knowledge Sources for AI Agents
How to Align AI Conversations with Your Brand Voice
How to Draft Customer Replies with AI
How to Convert Image to Text Using AI
How to Automate Calculations Using AI
Reporting and Analytics
Broadcasts Use Cases
How to Send a Simple Broadcast
How to Start a Workflow Based on Broadcast Response
How to Import to Broadcast via WhatsApp
How to Troubleshoot a Failed Broadcast
Dialogflow Overview
Dialogflow: Connecting to Dialogflow
Dialogflow: Creating a Chatbot
Dialogflow: Managing Intents
Dialogflow: Parameters
Dialogflow: Events
Dialogflow: Response Templates
Dialogflow: Custom Payloads
Dialogflow: Fulfillment Webhook Request
E-Commerce & CRM Integrations
E-Commerce Integration: Shopify
E-Commerce Integration: BigCommerce
E-Commerce Integration: WooCommerce
E-Commerce Integration: Magento
CRM Integration: HubSpot
CRM Integration: Salesforce
CRM Integration: Pipedrive
CRM Integration: ActiveCampaign
Developer API
Broadcasts Use Cases
How to Send a Simple Broadcast
Learn how to send a simple broadcast to a group of Contacts on supported Channels.
How to Start a Workflow Based on Broadcast Response
Send a broadcast with multiple choice questions and automatically handle Contacts' responses.
How to Import to Broadcast via WhatsApp
Learn how to send a broadcast message to a large number of Contacts with whom you have never started a conversation.
How to Troubleshoot a Failed Broadcast
Learn about the reasons broadcasts may fail to be sent and how to resend broadcasts to Contacts who did not receive them.