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A recent study is giving travelers a new reason to dread airport security.
According to the study from BMC Infectious Disease journal, plastic security trays used at airport checkpoints were found to have respiratory viral surface contamination due to high touch rates.
Scientists from the University of Nottingham in England and the Finnish National Institute for Health and Welfare conducted the study.
We investigated the presence of respiratory viruses in the passenger environment of a major airport in order to identify risk points and guide measures to minimize transmission, BMC said.
Swabs were taken from different surfaces to test for Influenza A and B viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, rhinovirus, and coronaviruses.
One notable result of the study is that the trays were found to contain viruses that were not found on toilet surfaces. This comes after samples were taken from the upper surface, the toilet bowl lid, the button for flushing, and the door lock. Samples were taken from 14 different toilets.
Our main findings identify that respiratory virus contamination of frequently touched surfaces is not uncommon at airports; and that plastic security screening trays appear commonly contaminated, BMC said.
For more information on this study, click here.


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from 0 review
10 days
Daily Tour
1 person
Discover highlights of Namibia – Etosha National Park, Swakopmund and Sossusvlei – at your own pace on this 10-day self-drive adventure.
Beginning in Windhoek, this comprehensive itinerary takes you to the private Onguma Game Reserve on the outskirts of the game-packed Etosha National Park before arriving in the rugged Damaraland region where you can view ancient rock art at Twyfelfontein and search for the unique desert elephant.
Drive from desolate Damaraland to Namibia's undisputed playground, Swakopmund, on the striking Atlantic coast for a taste of the area's adrenalin-filled activities. Finally, head inland to the Namib Desert to view, and even climb, the enormous red sand dunes at Sossusvlei before returning to Windhoek.

subset: commoncrawl


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Introduction to Membership
Since the time this article was written, ASP.NET membership providers have been superseded by ASP.NET Identity. You should update your applications to use the ASP.NET Identity platform instead of the built-in membership providers.
ASP.NET membership gives you a built-in way to validate and store user credentials. ASP.NET membership therefore helps you manage user authentication in your Web sites. You can use ASP.NET membership with ASP.NET Forms authentication or with the ASP.NET login controls to create a complete system for authenticating users.
ASP.NET membership supports facilities for:
Creating new users and passwords.
Storing membership information (user names, passwords, and supporting data) in Microsoft SQL Server, Active Directory, or an alternative data store.
Authenticating users who visit your site. You can authenticate users programmatically, or you can use the ASP.NET login controls to create a complete authentication system that requires little or no code.
Managing passwords, which includes creating, changing, and resetting them . Depending on membership options you choose, the membership system can also provide an automated password-reset system that takes a user-supplied question and response.
Exposing a unique identification for authenticated users that you can use in your own applications and that also integrates with the ASP.NET personalization and role-management (authorization) systems.
Specifying a custom membership provider, which allows you to substitute your own code to manage membership and maintain membership data in a custom data store
Membership, Roles and the User Profile
Although membership is a self-standing feature in ASP.NET for authentication, it can be integrated with ASP.NET role management to provide authorization services for your site. Membership can also be integrated with the user profile to provide application-specific customization that can be tailored to individual users. For details, see Managing Authorization Using Roles and ASP.NET Profile Properties Overview.
How Membership Works
To use membership, you must first configure it for your site. In outline, you follow these steps:
Specify membership options as part of your Web site configuration. By default, membership is enabled. You can also specify what membership provider you want to use. (In practical terms, this means that you are specifying what type of database you want to keep membership information in.) The default provider uses a Microsoft SQL Server database. You can also choose to use Active Directory to store membership information, or you can specify a custom provider. For information on membership configuration options that can be specified in the Web.config file for your ASP.NET application, see Configuring an ASP.NET Application to Use Membership.
Configure your application to use Forms authentication (as distinct from Windows or Passport authentication). You typically specify that some pages or folders in your application are protected and are accessible only to authenticated users.
Define user accounts for membership. You can do this in a variety of ways. You can use the Web Site Administration Tool, which provides a wizard-like interface for creating new users. Alternatively, you can create a "new user" ASP.NET Web page where you collect a user name and password (and optionally an e-mail address), and then use a membership function named CreateUser to create a new user in the membership system.
You can now use membership to authenticate users in your application. Most often, you will provide a login form, which might be a separate page or a special area on your home page. You can create the login form by hand using ASP.NET TextBox controls, or you can use ASP.NET login controls. Because you have configured the application to use Forms authentication, ASP.NET will automatically display the login page if an unauthenticated user requests a protected page.
The ASP.NET login controls (Login, LoginView, LoginStatus, LoginName, and PasswordRecovery) encapsulate virtually all of the logic required to prompt users for credentials and validate the credentials in the membership system.
If you use login controls, they will automatically use the membership system to validate a user. If you have created a login form by hand, you can prompt the user for a user name and password and then call the ValidateUser method to perform the validation. After the user is validated, information about the user can be persisted (for example, with an encrypted cookie if the user's browser accepts cookies) using Forms Authentication. The login controls perform this task automatically. If you have created a login form by hand, you can call methods of the FormsAuthentication class to create the cookie and write it to the user's computer. If a user has forgotten his or her password, the login page can call membership functions that help the user remember the password or create a new one.
Each time the user requests another protected page, ASP.NET Forms authentication checks whether the user is authenticated and then either allows the user to view the page or redirects the user to the login page. By default, the authentication cookie remains valid for the user's session.
After a user has been authenticated, the membership system makes available an object that contains information about the current user. For example, you can get properties of the membership user object to determine the user's name and e-mail address, when the user last logged into your application, and so on.
An important aspect of the membership system is that you never need to explicitly perform any low-level database functions to get or set user information. For example, you create a new user by calling the membership CreateUser method. The membership system handles the details of creating the necessary database records to store the user information. When you call the ValidateUser method to check a user's credentials, the membership system does all the database lookup for you.
Membership Configuration and Management
You configure the membership system in your application's Web.config file. The easiest way to configure and manage membership is with the Web Site Administration Tool, which provides a wizard-based interface. As part of membership configuration, you specify:
What membership provider to use. (This typically also specifies what database to store membership information in.)
Password options such as encryption and whether to support password recovery based on a user-specific question.
Users and passwords. If you are using the Web Site Administration Tool, you can create and manage users directly. Otherwise, you must call membership functions to create and manage users programmatically.


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Nature's Classroom Helps Kids Build Connections With Nature
date 10/05/05
For more information, contact
Jeff Salem, Director of Communications & Public Relations, emailNebraska City, Nebraska, September 26, 2005— Nature's Classroom, the newest attraction at Arbor Day Farm's Tree Adventure, offers children something unique: fun, interactive opportunities for visual/spatial learning. "Children can interact with nature in a hands-on way that allows them to build connections with and appreciate the miracle of nature," said Susan Wirth, education director at Arbor Day Farm.
Children can experience the outdoors and let their imaginations come alive in Nature's Classroom. It features a Clatter Bridge, a Tree House in which children can build their own rooms, three different learning centers where children can play with wooden blocks, create art from natural materials, and explore in a play area made up of logs, woodchips, and leaves. The classroom also offers a performance stage that allows children to make music and move to the sounds of the Meandering Marimba; a grass play area to encourage spontaneous fun; and a Gathering Place that invites families to have a picnic or just relax and enjoy nature.
The goal of Nature's Classroom is to allow children to have an inspiring experience with nature. "Children need to love nature before we ask them to save it," said Doug Farrar, Vice President of Arbor Day Farm. "Nature's Classroom invites spontaneous, fun, purposeful learning, the sense of discovery that comes naturally as children are having a good time. Every area of Nature's Classroom will encourage children to have a hands-on experience, to feel nature and appreciate its beauty."
Nature's Classroom will continue to add new features including a Water Wonders area, with a pond and stream. Nearly all of the classroom is ADA Accessible.
Admission to the Tree Adventure is $6 for adults and $4 for children 4-12, with toddlers free, and with a seedling tree given with each paid admission. Other popular features of the Tree Adventure include the Tree House Trail, the Canopy Tree House, Woodland Pavilion, Hero Gallery, Lied Greenhouse, and the Exploratory Tree House and Trail. The Tree Adventure is open from 9 a.m. to 7 p.m. every day during the fall. Information on Arbor Day Farm is available by calling (402) 873-8717 or by visiting arbordayfarm.org.


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(Redirected from CARRIERA.)By: Richard Gottheil, S. Kahn
Originally the street or quarter of a city in which the Jews were compelled to live, and which was closed every evening by gates; the term is now applied to that part of any city or locality chiefly or entirely inhabited by Jews. "Ghetto" is probably of Italian origin, although no Italian dictionary gives any clue to its etymology. In documents dating back to 1090 the streets in Venice and Salerno assigned to the Jews are called "Judaca" or "Judacaria." At Capua there was a place called "San Nicolo ad Judaicam," according to documents of the year 1375; and as late as the eighteenth century another place was called "San Martino ad Judaicam." Hence it is assumed that "Judaicam" became the Italian "Giudeica," and was then corrupted into "ghetto." Other scholars derive the word from "gietto," the cannon-foundry at Venice near which the first Jews' quarter was situated. Both of these opinions are open to the objection that the word is pronounced "ghetto" and not "getto" (djetto); and it seems probable that, even if either of the two words suggested had become corrupted in the vernacular, at least its first letter, the sound of which is the dominating one in the word, would have retained its original pronunciation. A few scholars, therefore, derive the word "ghetto" from the Talmudic "geṭ," which is similar in sound, and suppose the term to have been used first by the Jews and then generally. It seems improbable, however, that a word originating with a small, despised minority of the people should have been generally adopted and even introduced into literature.
The ghettos in the various cities were not all organized at the same time, but at different periods. Venice and Salerno had ghettos in the eleventh century, and Prague is said to have had one as early as the tenth. There were ghettos in Italy, Bohemia, Moravia, Austria, Hungary, Germany, Poland, and Turkey. They were chiefly an outcome of intolerance, and oppressive conditions were often added to compulsory residence within the ghetto. When a ghetto was about to be established in Vienna in 1570, the citizens objected to having a place outside the city assigned to the Jews for the following three curious reasons: (1) they feared that if the Jews lived alone outside the city they could the more easily engage in their "nefarious practises"; (2) the Jews would be liable to be surprised by enemies; (3) the Jews might escape! The citizens therefore proposed that all the Jews should live in one house having only one exit; that windows and doors should be well fastened, so that no one might go out at night; and that the possibility of entrance or exit by secret passages should also be guarded against. As the Jews objected to this scheme the project was soon dropped.
Ghetto in Rome.The Roman ghetto was established by Pope Paul IV., and was entered on July 26, 1556. Its site was between the Via del Pianto and the Ponte del Quattro Capi. It consisted of a few narrow, dirty, and unhealthful streets, which soon became painfully overcrowded. Its first name was "Vicus Iudacorum"; later it came to be called the "ghetto." It was annually flooded by the Tiber. Each year the Jews had to go through the humiliating ceremony of formally imploring permission to continue living there during the ensuing year, for which they paid a yearly tax. This ceremony was observed as late as 1850. The restrictions and regulations which were issued from time to time in regard to life in the ghetto, and which were alternately abolished and reimposed by succeeding popes, were repeated inthe cruel legislation of Pius VI. in 1775. In 1814 Pius VII. permitted a few Jews to live outside the ghetto; in 1847 Pius IX. finally decided to do away with the ghetto gates and walls and to give the Jews the right of residence in any part of Rome; but the reactionary movement of 1848 reestablished the restrictions. In 1870 the Jews of Rome presented to Pope Pius IX. a petition for the abolition of the ghetto. But it was reserved for Victor Immanuel, who entered Rome in that year, to fulfil their desire by definitely and finally abolishing the ghetto. Its walls remained until 1885, a memorial of medieval tyranny (see Berliner, "Aus den Letzten Tagen des Römischen Ghetto," Berlin, 1886).
Frankfort and Nikolsburg Ghettos.On Jan. 14, 1711, a fire, the largest conflagration ever known in Germany, destroyed within twenty-four hours the entire ghetto of Frankfort-on-the-Main, including thirty-six scrolls of the Torah that had been placed for safety in a cellar. Blind to the interests of the city, the magistrate put great difficulties in the way of the emperor, who was anxious to rebuild the ghetto, and also created obstacles for Samson
Although the ghettos owed their origin primarily to the intolerance and tyranny of the citizens, yet the Jews themselves must have found it undesirable to live scattered among a hostile population, and must have regarded the ghetto as a place of refuge. Lippmann Heller, rabbi of the community of Vienna, claims credit for having been instrumental in organizing the ghetto of that city; it existed, however, only from 1625 to 1670. The Jews of that time found it in many cases impossible to live together with the Christians. Not only were they in constant fear of being derided and insulted, injured in property, health, and honor, and even of being murdered, but they were in continual danger of being falsely accused of crime and condemned. Another reason assigned for the origin of the ghettos is that the Jews in their pride would not mix with their non-Jewish fellow citizens, and in support of this is cited the following inscription, said to have existed on a ghetto gate in Padua in the sixteenth century: "The people, the inheritors of the kingdom of heaven, shall have no communion with the disinherited." It is more likely, however, that this sentence, if it really was affixed to the gate of the ghetto of Padua, was placed there by the Christians, who applied the term "disinherited" to the Jews, at that time the pariahs of society.
Entertainments in the Ghetto.The gates of the ghettos were closed at night—from the outside in those localities where the object was to confine the Jews, and from the inside where the gates served chiefly as protection against attack. During the Middle Ages, and later in some localities, the Jews were strictly forbidden to leave the ghetto not only after sunset, but also on Sundays and on the Christian holy days. In some localities where the ghetto did not afford room enough a certain place outside the ghetto was assigned to the Jews for mercantile purposes, as, for instance, the Jewish "Tändelmarkt" at Prague. Seclusion from the outer world developed a life apart within the ghetto, and close communion among the members was in a certain way a power for good, fostering not only the religious life, but especially morality. Constantly within sight of his neighbor, each person was obliged to keep strict watch over himself. The Bohemian chronicles of the sixteenth century designate the ghetto of Prague as a "rose-garden," and add that when the gates of the ghetto were closed at night there was not one woman inside whose reputation was in the least tarnished. Social life, also, was developed along peculiarly Jewish lines. The women, who could not appear beyond the ghetto limits dressed in their finery without exciting the envy and ill-will of the populace, made Sabbaths and feast-days, and weddings, betrothals, and other family festivals, occasions for arraying themselves as proudly as their means would allow. At Purim the large ghetto of Prague was crowded with hundreds of girls in festive garb, who were entertained in whatever house they entered. At weddings and banquets professional jesters—called "Schalksnarren" in Germany, "Marshalka" in Poland—furnished entertainment for the company.
At the end of the seventeenth century theatrical representations were given in the ghetto of Frankfort-on-the-Main in the house "zur weissen Kanne" (or "zur silbernen Kanne"); the "Comedy of theSale of Joseph," in which, according to trustworthy witnesses, "fire, heaven, thunder, and all sorts of curious things could be seen," was especially popular. Even a "Pickel-Hering" (clown) occasionally appeared there, in a ridiculous motley garment. Extravagance in dress was carried so far in some ghettos that the rabbis preached against it from the pulpits, and the elders of the communities, in Moravia even the elders of the whole province, were obliged to restrict such luxury. Their decrees, called "taḳḳanot," contained specific regulations in regard to the mode of dressing, determining the ornaments the women might wear respectively on Sabbaths, festivals, week-days, weddings, and other occasions, and also the materials for garments to be worn on feast-days and week-days. Similarly, regulations were issued regarding the number of persons to be invited to a banquet, and even the number of courses to be served. Those failing to observe these rules were punished by fines and sometimes imprisonment.
Ghetto of Prague.The administration of the communities also developed along peculiar lines, and a description of the governments obtaining in the different communities would fill a large-sized volume. It must suffice here to describe as a prototype the administration of the largest and most famous ghetto, that of Prague. This ghetto was, in a way, a state within a state, a peculiar microcosm, officially designated as the "fifth chief district" of the city of Prague. It was considered the leading ghetto in existence, in virtue of its size, its learned rabbis and scholars, its famous Talmudic schools (to which students from all parts of the world flocked), the prominent position occupied by some of its members, and its magnificent institutions. The ghetto had its own town hall, built by the famous philanthropist Mordecai Meisel; on its tower there was a clock, a rare distinction for the period; it was the only tower-clock in existence, and had a dial lettered in Hebrew, the hands of which moved from right to left. The directors of the community, who were chosen from those owning houses in the ghetto, held their sessions in this building; it is at present the administrative building of the Jewish congregation of Prague.
There were one large and many small synagogues in the ghetto. The community enjoyed great privileges and distinctions. Since the earliest time there were four gilds in the ghetto of Prague, namely, the butchers', goldsmiths', tailors', and shoemakers'. At the entry of the emperor, the butchers had the signal privilege of preceding with their flags all the gilds of the four quarters of Prague, a privilege conferred in recognition of the courage they had displayed when Prague was besieged by the Swedes in 1648.
The religious affairs of the community were directed by the rabbinate under the presidency of the chief rabbi, and the secular affairs by the college of directors under the presidency of the primator. The college had police authority in the ghetto, and was empowered to punish by imprisonment in the communal prison; a number of "gassenmeshorsim" (communal servants) were detailed as policemen to keep order in the Jews' city. Legal difficulties arising in the ghetto of Prague were hardly ever carried into the courts of the state. The plaintiff could appeal either to the college of directors in cases involving his honor or simple business affairs, or to the rabbinate in more difficult cases, as of settling estates or disputes relating to the possession of land. The latter frequently arose in consequence of peculiar conditions in regard to ownership of real estate, such as are found now here else except in Salzburg. Through bequests and the sale of separate parts, every house in the ghetto had two or more owners severally owning the separate parts, and numerous difficulties arose whenever it became necessary to repair the parts held in common, such as the house-door, the stairs, or the garret and roof, or to paint the outside.
The rabbinical courts consisted of an upper and a lower court. Verdicts were rendered in agreement with the Mosaic-rabbinic law. There were "meliẓim" (lawyers) in the ghetto of Prague to advise plaintiff and defendant. The party which thought the decision of the lower court unfair might appeal to the superior court; hence the members of this court were called by the state "higher judges," and popularly, though incorrectly, "appellants." Generally, the decisions of these judges, were implicitly obeyed.
A long hierarchy of officials had developed in the larger ghettos. There were many persons eager to take charge of the numerous philanthropic and religious institutions, either for the sake of engaging in a good work or from ambition. The ḥebra ḳaddisha of Prague was founded toward the end of the sixteenth or the beginning of the seventeenth century. There were also a hospital and a school for poor children, both founded by the philanthropist Mordecai Meisel. Although the numerous synagogues were under the general direction of the communal authorities, they were largely autonomous, the relation of the authorities to them being, so to speak, that of a suzerain, not that of a sovereign. In consequence of a dispute as to precedence at the call to read the Torah on occasions of solemn processions, the following order was adopted after much debating: chief rabbi, primator, upper judges, directors of the community, lower judges, directors of the hospital (also in charge of the poor, and with the pompous title of "city gabba'im" = "city directors "), directors of the ḥebra ḳaddisha, rabbis of the synagogues, directors of the synagogues, etc. In the German ghettos the directors were called "barnossim" (i.e., "parnasim," "p" being pronounced "b" in the southern German dialects).
Immigrants in the Ghetto.Foreign Jews were treated most hospitably in the ghettos, especially in the centers of learning, where the yeshibot attracted pupils from a great distance; these were boarded by the members of the community. The wealthy students ("baḥurim": see BaḤur) formed clubs for the support of their indigent fellow students. The men of the ghetto wore a special dress on the Sabbath, in conformity with the rabbinical rule that the Sabbath should be kept distinct in every way, even in the matter of dress. The piety of the ghetto was shown in the frequent services in the synagogue. The "Schulklopfer" called the people to morning andevening service. In the ghetto of Prague it was customary for this official, who bore the title of "Stadt-Shammes" (city servant), to summon once a day in German and once in Bohemian. In consequence of the seclusion within the ghetto, the Jewish dialect, a mixture of the vernacular with Hebrew, was kept alive. The ghettos were situated in the most unwholesome parts of the cities, generally near a river, where they were liable to be flooded.
Conflagrations.It is a noteworthy fact that the ghettos were frequently devastated by conflagrations. This was due to the crowded conditions that prevailed and to the narrow streets where fire was subdued only with difficulty, the Jews being left to their own resources; in fact, they often closed the gates of the ghetto on the outbreak of a fire, lest the mob coming in from outside might take advantage of the general confusion to plunder. Aside from the great conflagrations at Frankfort and Nikolsburg, mentioned above, the fire that destroyed the ghetto of Bari in 1030 and the two fires that raged in Prague in 1689 and 1750 may be noted here: in the fire of 1689 many persons lost their lives and all the synagogues were destroyed; in the fire of 1750 the town hall was burned. The ghettos were often attacked by mobs bent on plunder. The most noteworthy affair of this kind was the pillaging of the ghetto of Frankfort-on-the-Main (Aug. 22 old style, Sept. 1 new style, 1614; see Fettmilch, Vincent).
Expulsions.The Jews were frequently expelled from their ghettos, the two most important expulsions occurring in the years 1670 and 1744-45. In 1670 they were driven from the ghetto of Vienna, which had been organized in 1625, and which covered part of the site of the present Leopoldstadt; this expulsion was due partly to the ill will of the merchants of the city, who desired to be rid of Jewish competition, and partly to the religious fanaticism of the Bishop of Wiener-Neustadt, subsequently Cardinal Count Kolonitz. The Jews heroically bore their fate, not one of them renouncing his faith for the sake of remaining in the city. After a time, however, the city and even the court began to suffer in consequence of the departure of the Jews, which meant a serious loss of income in taxes. The exiles were therefore permitted to return. They did not go back to their former ghetto, which by that time was occupied by other tenants, the synagogue having been transformed into a church; but they settled in the inner part of the city. A few obtained special privileges, Samuel Oppenheimer, the chief court factor, and Samson Wertheimer, the chief rabbi of the German empire and of the Austrian crown lands, being among them. Both acquired magnificent palaces.
In 1744-45 the Jews of Prague were expelled from their ghetto for a short time. While the French were in possession of that city during the Austrian War of Succession, Jonathan Eybeschütz, then living in Prague, was called to the rabbinate of Metz, and had several conferences with the commander of the French army for the purpose of obtaining a passport. On Dec. 24, 1744, Maria Theresa ordered the expulsion of the Jews from Bohemia on the ground that "they were fallen into disgrace," and on Jan. 2 following she included the Jews of Moravia also. Eybeschütz's personal enemies later on denounced him, saying that he had left Prague under the protection of the French. It is not surprising, therefore, that he occasionally complains of the denunciatory spirit which prevailed at this time among the Jews of Prague. Maria Theresa's order, however, met with the disapproval of the whole of Europe, and the ambassadors of England and Holland especially protested so energetically that the empress felt obliged to revoke her decree (see Frankl-Grün, "Gesch. der Juden in Kremsier," i. 163; Freymann, "Beiträge zur Gesch. der Juden in Prag," ii. 32-37, Berlin, 1898). Meanwhile the Jews, who were not aware of this powerful advocacy, had sent a delegation to the empress offering to pay a special yearly tax for the privilege of returning; thus it came about that the Jews of Bohemia paid a separate Jews' tax, which was abolished only in 1846, under Ferdinand I.
The most important ghettos were those at Venice, Frankfort-on-the-Main, Prague, and Triest. The French Revolution (1789), which proclaimed the principle of freedom and equality, first shook the foundations of the ghetto, and the general uprising of 1848 throughout Europe finally swept away this remnant of medieval intolerance. In the whole civilized world there is now not a single ghetto, in the original meaning of the word. The gates of the ghetto of Rome were recently destroyed.
- D. Philipson, Old European Jewries, Philadelphia, 1894;
- Abrahams, Jewish Life in the Middle Ages, pp. 62 et seq.;
- Berliner, Aus dem Leben der Deutschen Juden im Mittelalter, passim, Berlin, 1900.


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Developed in conjunction with some of the worlds leading perfomance vehicle manufacturers including Aston Martin, Ferrari, BMW and Lamborghini. The Pirelli P Zero Corsa system is the most sporty tyre on the market according to Pirelli. The P Zero Left has been designed to be fitted to left hand side of the vehicle, primarily for use on the front axel, these will allow maximum grip and handling, offering some of the most precise traction of any tyre.
Designed for both use on and off tracks, the structure of the P Zero Corsa system enables optimum stability, handling and cornering all at high speeds. With their experience gained as the Formula 1 tyre supplier and in conjunction with renowned manufacturers Pirelli have developed one of the highest calibre of tyres we've ever seen here at Easywheels.co.uk.
Scoring a top rating in all sizes for wet braking performance during EU tyre labelling tests and receiving top marks for performance in internal testing at Pirelli, the Pirelli P Zero Corsa system really is in a class of it's own.
N.B these tyres should not be fitted to the right hand side of the vehicle and will have the relevant L stamp on the tyres sidewall to indicate this.
This special edition of the Ultra High perfomance P Zero Corsa System Left AMS has been designed, manufactured and approved with the help of Aston Martin engineers to ensure optimum perfomance when fitted to certain Aston Martin vehicles.
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Tree Removal Ringwood
Experienced Professional Arborists
When you need fast and detailed tree removal solutions look no further than the team at Simpson's Tree Service. With years of training and experience behind us our team of expert arborists approach every tree with the professionalism and care it requires. By offering a cost-effective and renowned tree removal service Ringwood domestic and commercial residents alike can be free from trees that are threatening to both people and property.
With plenty of experience cutting down trees of all species and sizes its no wonder we have gained a reputation as Ringwood's best tree removal service. Call us today to have your tree removed without issue and for the right price. We employ qualified arborists who use ropes and harness . They have the skills to cut off limbs and ground staff then lower the branch to the ground using a rope tied on by the arborist. This form of tree removal in Melbourne minimises the risk of damage to surrounding plants and fixtures.
Why Would You Need a Tree to be Removed?
Beautiful, colourful, and able to add atmosphere to the home, healthy trees can improve the environment on your property. As beneficial as they are trees can sustain damage throughout their life, presenting a very real hazard to both buildings and structures, and anyone who happens to be passing beneath the tree. With their size and weight trees that are in danger of dropping limbs or completely collapsing will fall fast and hard. By having your tree removed you will be preventing destruction from impacting your home or business.
Keep the Wood
At Simpson's Tree Service we have made it our ambition to be the one-stop tree removal service the residents in Ringwood can trust. Using innovative and safe removal methods we can completely cut down and remove even the biggest tree methodically, starting from the limbs. Once the limbs are removed the arborist cuts the trunk off in sections and the ground staff lowers them down as they return to the ground. The trunk can also be felled in a big section if there is space to do so.
The tree is mulched up using a wood chipper. The wood will be removed unless at the time of quotation a client asks to keep it. We have a new option that if the tree is suitable and accessible the trunk can be taken away and milled up in to timber posts, boards and slabs suitable for furniture construction or bench tops. Check out our Timber Products page to see what we can do for you.
Simpsons Tree Service have $10,000,000 insurance cover. So if you have concerns about possible damage to your property – you can be assured that Simpsons Trees have it covered.
View our Certificate of Currency – Simpsons Tree Service – Insurance Certificate


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Two years after successfully recovering six experimental early recordings Alexander Graham Bell's Volta Laboratory Association stored at the Smithsonian in the late 19th century, researchers at the Library of Congress and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California have found the first and only known recording of Alexander Graham Bell's voice. He's reciting a long list of numbers, dollar amounts and concludes:
This record has been made by Alexander Graham Bell and in the presence of Dr. Chichester A. Bell on the 15th of April 1885 at the Volta Laboratory 1221 Connecticut Avenue, Washington D.C. In witness whereof, hear my voice. Alexander Graham Bell.
[audioplayer file="http://www.thehistoryblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/AGB.mp3″ titles="Alexander Graham Bell sound test 1885″]
The project began in 2011 after National Museum of American History curator Carlene Stephens read about the Berkeley Lab's success in recovering sound from damaged and unreadable historical recording media using optical scanning technology. The museum is custodian of a vast collection of 200 early audio recordings made by Alexander Graham Bell, his cousin Chichester Bell and their associate Charles Sumner Tainter during their time experimenting with new recording technology. The company they founded, Volta Laboratory Association, only lasted from 1881 to 1886, but during that brief period they worked with an astounding variety of technologies.
They weren't all original inventions. Some of the work Bell et al did was on pre-existing technology that was in its infancy. They experimented and developed it far beyond their creators' work. The results were significant milestones in the history of audio technology. Their laterally cut discs were early versions of the format which became the industry standard for the 78/45/33 RPM discs some of us old people still remember. They also pioneered the creation of a system of master recordings coupled with mass production stamping and developed photographic discs, the principle that would later be put to work in optical film soundtracks.
The Volta partners stored these important early recordings, devices and notes at the Smithsonian almost as soon as they produced them in case they needed evidence of their work for patent purposes. None of the recordings in the Volta collection can be played today because the players don't exist/work and even if they did, the recordings themselves are too damaged to be run through the wringer of those early machines. Imagine how frustrating it must be for a museum to have hundreds of historically significant documents they can't read.
Optical scanning solves the problem because it doesn't touch the delicate surface of recordings at all. It scans them using a specially designed machine which creates a high-resolution digital map of the medium surface. The map is then processed to remove scratches and skips, and software reproduces the audio content in a digital sound file.
The pilot program focused on scanning six of the Volta recordings on different media including a variable density photo disc, a green wax vertical cylinder cut on brass and beeswax on composition board. Since the pilot, donations from private and public sources have allowed Berkeley to work on another three recordings.
The first one, a wax on composition board disc, has an inscription on the wax that looked very promising.
Record made April 15, 1885
by A.G.B. and C.A.B.
to test reproduction of numbers
Since the museum had a transcript in Alexander Graham Bell's hand of a recording of many numbers done on April 15th, 1885, and concluding with a signoff by the inventor, they had reason to hope that this disc might contain the voice of the man himself. Once the recording was recovered and found to match the transcript exactly, it was confirmed: this is the voice of voice-transmission icon Alexander Graham Bell.
The third of the newly deciphered recordings is also notable. It's one of the earliest in the Volta Laboratory collection, a highly modified Edison phonograph Bell dubbed the graphophone. Made in 1881, it includes both the recording — in wax on a metal cylinder — and the player — a mandrel attached to a hand-cranked rotator which turns the cylinder.
Recorded on the cylinder is none other than Alexander Melville Bell, Alexander Graham's father. Melville was an expert in acoustic phonetics and elocution. He invented a writing system called Visible Speech to help teach the deaf to speak. His interests in acoustics and elocution shine through in the absolutely charming recording he made in September of 1881.
[audioplayer file="http://www.thehistoryblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Alexander-Melville-Bell.mp3″ titles="Alexander Melville Bell 1881″]
[Trills] There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, than are dreamt of in our philosophy. [Trill] I am a graphophone, and my mother was a phonograph.
That last line slays me. Throw in a smell of elderberries and it would be downright Pythonesque. Adorable.


text:
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text:
(They) made sure I earned my high school diploma. That may not seem like such a big deal, but my family was homeless at the time so it was quite an accomplishment.
– Jesus A. Valdovinos, Head Start graduate and current Head Start administrator, Ruskin, FL
When I was a boy and my family wasn't following the tomato season along the East Coast, I was enrolled in a Migrant Head Start center in Florida. I remember the classrooms and the joyful noises coming from those classrooms. Most of all I remember the songs that were sung by teachers. Those experiences gave me a taste for learning and using new words and an appreciation for reading. After we settled down in Ruskin, a suburb of Tampa, FL, my family continued to work in the fields. I stayed in the RCMA after-school program for migrant and rural children until the third grade. A few years later, I returned to volunteer in the RCMA teen program. Some of the organizers made sure I earned my high school diploma. That may not seem like such a big deal, but my family was homeless at the time so it was quite an accomplishment.
But then my mentor told me, "Your job is not done yet. You need to go to college." The RCMA program even lent me the money for my college application. A few years down the line, my mentor asked if I wanted to volunteer again. I agreed, and when a tutor position opened up I applied and was hired. I worked as a RCMA tutor for a few years. Then I applied to become the center coordinator. By the time I received the position I had finished my bachelor's degree from the University of South Florida. A few years passed and I was ready for new challenge. I became the family support specialist for child care programs in the Wimauma area and enrolled at Hodges University to earn my master's degree. The people at RCMA are still helping me, and I'm still seeing the results of the "Head Start" I had as a child.


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§ 404.1599. Work incentive experiments and rehabilitation demonstration projects in the disability program.
(a) Authority and purpose. Section 505(a) of the Social Security Disability Amendments of 1980, Pub. L. 96–265, directs the Commissioner to develop and conduct experiments and demonstration projects designed to provide more cost-effective ways of encouraging disabled beneficiaries to return to work and leave benefit rolls. These experiments and demonstration projects will test the advantages and disadvantages of altering certain limitations and conditions that apply to title II disabled beneficiaries. The objective of all work incentive experiments or rehabilitation demonstrations is to determine whether the alternative requirements will save Trust Fund monies or otherwise improve the administration of the disability program established under title II of the Act.
(b) Altering benefit requirements, limitations or conditions. Notwithstanding any other provision of this part, the Commissioner may waive compliance with the entitlement and payment requirements for disabled beneficiaries to carry our experiments and demonstration projects in the title II disability program. The projects involve altering certain limitations and conditions that currently apply to applicants and beneficiaries to test their effect on the program.
(c) Applicability and scope —(1) Participants and nonparticipants. If you are selected to participate in an experiment or demonstration project, we may temporarily set aside one or more of the current benefit entitlement or payment requirements, limitations or conditions and apply alternative provisions to you. We may also modify current methods of administering the Act as part of a project and apply alternative procedures or policies to you. The alternative provisions or methods of administration used in the projects will not disadvantage you in contrast to current provisions, procedures or policies. If you are not selected to participate in the experiments or demonstration projects (or if you are placed in a control group which is not subject to alternative requirements and methods) we will continue to apply to you the current benefit entitlement and payment requirements, limitations and conditions and methods of administration in the title II disability program.
(2) Alternative provisions or methods of administration. The alternative provisions or methods of administration that apply to you in an experiment or demonstration project may include (but are not limited to) one or more of the following:
(i) Reducing your benefits (instead of not paying) on the basis of the amount of your earnings in excess of the SGA amount;
(ii) Extending your benefit eligibility period that follows 9 months of trial work, perhaps coupled with benefit reductions related to your earnings;
(iii) Extending your Medicare benefits if you are severely impaired and return to work even though you may not be entitled to monthly cash benefits;
(iv) Altering the 24-month waiting period for Medicare entitlement; and
(v) Stimulating new forms of rehabilitation.
(d) Selection of participants. We will select a probability sample of participants for the work incentive experiments and demonstration projects from newly awarded beneficiaries who meet certain pre-selection criteria (for example, individuals who are likely to be able to do substantial work despite continuing severe impairments). These criteria are designed to provide larger subsamples of beneficiaries who are not likely either to recover medically or die. Participants may also be selected from persons who have been receiving DI benefits for 6 months or more at the time of selection.
(e) Duration of experiments and demonstration projects. A notice describing each experiment or demonstration project will be published in the Federal Register before each experiment or project is placed in operation. The work incentive experiments and rehabilitation demonstrations will be activated in 1982. A final report on the results of the experiments and projects is to be completed and transmitted to Congress by June 9, 1993. However, the authority for the experiments and demonstration projects will not terminate at that time. Some of the alternative provisions or methods of administration may continue to apply to participants in an experiment or demonstration project beyond that date in order to assure the validity of the research. Each experiment and demonstration project will have a termination date (up to 10 years from the start of the experiment or demonstration project).
[48 FR 7575, Feb. 23, 1983, as amended at 52 FR 37605, Oct. 8, 1987; 55 FR 51687, Dec. 17, 1990; 62 FR 38451, July 18, 1997]


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Many in postmodern society downplay tradition. This change has rippled through some parts of the Church as well. However, tradition remains an important part of what the Christian faith is all about, because when the Church recognizes holy days, holidays, and seasons, it connects Christians of today with Christians throughout history.
When: Begins 40 days before Easter
Observance: Self-examination and preparation for Easter
Lent was first observed in the fourth century as the 40-day period between Ash Wednesday and Easter. Its focus was on self-examination and self-denial, and Christians used fasting (abstaining from eating food) in the early years as a visible demonstration of this process.
Over the centuries, Catholics have relaxed some of the strict fasting rules. Today, only Ash Wednesday, Good Friday, and all Fridays during Lent are considered fasting days. On these days, Catholics over the age of 14 are to refrain from eating meat. (Historically, this practice was meant to help unify people who could afford meat with poor people who couldn't.) In addition, on Ash Wednesday and Good Friday, those between the ages of 18 and 59 are to eat only one full meal and two smaller meals and aren't to eat between meals.
Orthodox Christians are far more rigorous in their observance of fasting during Lent, believing that regular fasting is a crucially important discipline for one's spiritual growth. Meat, dairy products, and eggs (which historically were considered more luxury foods than ordinary breads) aren't allowed, with some additional restrictions on certain days. They can only eat fish (which was historically considered less of a luxury than red meat) on the feasts of the Annunciation and Palm Sunday.
Some Protestant denominations observe Lent (such as Anglican and Episcopalian), but many Protestant churches attach less significance to the season of Lent than to the individual holy days leading up to Easter.
Palm Sunday
When: Sunday before Easter
Observance: Jesus' entry intoJerusalem
Biblical reference: Matthew 21:1–11
Christians observe Palm Sunday on the Sunday before Easter, celebrating Jesus' triumphal entry into Jerusalem. The reason they call it Palm Sunday stems from the fact that when Jesus rode a donkey into Jerusalem, a large crowd of people in the city spread out palm branches on the ground before him as a sign of his kingship. Throughout Jesus' three-year ministry, he downplayed his role as Messiah and sometimes even told people whom he healed not to say anything about the miracle to others. Palm Sunday is the one exception in which his followers loudly proclaimed his glory to all.
Today, Christians often celebrate Palm Sunday in a joyous, triumphant manner during worship services, emphasizing the glory of Jesus Christ. Some churches spread palm branches at the front of the sanctuary as a way to commemorate the event.
Maundy Thursday
When: Thursday before Easter
Observance: The Last Supper of Jesus
Biblical reference: John 13–17
Within the midst of the Easter season, Maundy Thursday is one Christian holy day that many Christians and even many churches often overlook, yet it symbolizes a critically important truth of the Christian faith — Jesus as a suffering servant and the call for his followers to do the same. It also draws a connection between the Passover sacrifice, a Jewish tradition, and Jesus Christ's sacrificial role on the cross.
The night before Jesus was crucified, he had a Passover supper with his disciples. (Passover is a Jewish holy day that celebrates God's deliverance of the Israelites from their slavery in Egypt.) After supper, Jesus knew that this would be his final opportunity to instruct his disciples before the crucifixion, so he talked at length about his purposes, what his followers should do in response, and the promise of the Holy Spirit to come. He then washed his disciples' feet in an incredible demonstration of humility and servanthood. Finally, he gave bread and wine to his disciples and asked them to partake of it in remembrance of him. The act of partaking bread and wine is called Communion (or the Last Supper) today.
The word Maundy (pronounced mawn-dee) comes from the Latin word mandatum, which means "command." The command that this holy day refers to is the one that Jesus gave to his disciples during the Last Supper:
A new commandment I give to you, that you love one another, just like I have loved you; that you also love one another. By this everyone will know that you are my disciples, if you have love for one another.
— John 13:34–35
Good Friday
When: Friday before Easter
Observance: Crucifixion of Jesus on the cross
Biblical reference: Luke 23
Good Friday marks the day on which Jesus Christ was crucified on the cross for the sins of the world. Good Friday isn't a happy day, but its name is a reminder that humans can only be considered good because of what happened on that day. Some believe that its name was originally God's Friday, which, over the years, became its present name. In Germany, Christians call it Quiet Friday (from noon on Friday until Easter morning, church bells remain silent). Christians in other parts of Europe call it Great Friday or Holy Friday.
Good Friday is a day of mourning and sorrow over the sacrificial death of Jesus Christ and a reminder that the sins of all people made it necessary for him to die in the first place. It's also a day of gratitude for the supreme sacrifice that he made.
Protestant churches sometimes hold services between noon and 3:00 p.m. to commemorate Jesus' hours on the cross. Catholics often remove everything from the altar and kiss the crucifix as an expression of worship. Some churches even hold a Service of Darkness in which candles are extinguished until people are left sitting in total darkness, as a reminder of the darkness that covered the earth after Jesus died (Luke 23:44–46).
When: First Sunday after the first full moon after March 21
Observance: Resurrection of Jesus Christ
Biblical reference: Luke 24
Bar none, Easter is the single most important holy day of the Christian Church, for it celebrates the resurrection of Jesus Christ, the central event in Christianity. To Christians, the resurrection backs up Jesus' claim that he had the authority to die for the sins of the world and the power to come back to life again. It also gives hope to Christians that they too will experience a resurrected life in heaven.
The exact day of the year that Easter falls on is very confusing, and the logic seems pretty old-fashioned in this digital age, because it's based on the lunar calendar and tied to the start of the solar spring. But the Western Church (Catholic and Protestant) continues to observe it based on the rules of long ago — that it falls on the first Sunday after the first full moon after March 21. It can't come before March 22 or after April 25. In contrast, Orthodox Churches wanted to tie Easter to Jewish Passover, given the relationship between Passover and the day of Christ's resurrection. Because the Jewish calendar determines the date that Jews celebrate Passover, Easter for the Orthodox Churches can vary by as much as five weeks from the Western Church.
When: 40 days after Easter
Observance: Coming of the Holy Spirit
Biblical reference: Acts 2
Originally, Pentecost was a Jewish holiday held 50 days after Passover. One of three major feasts during the Jewish year, it celebrated Thanksgiving for harvested crops. However, Pentecost for Christians means something far different. Before Jesus was crucified, he told his disciples that the Holy Spirit would come after him (see John 14:16). And 40 days after Jesus was resurrected (ten days after he ascended into heaven; see Luke 24:51), that promise was fulfilled when Peter and the early Church were in Jerusalem for Pentecost.
Although many North American Christians hardly notice Pentecost today, traditional European churches consider it a major feast day. Pentecost, also called Whitsuntide in parts of Europe, is just behind Easter in overall importance. For example, in Germany today on only three occasions does the observance of a national holiday span two days: Christmas (December 25 and 26), Easter (Sunday and Monday), and Pentecost (Sunday and Monday).
When: Period marked by the four Sundays before Christmas
Observance: Preparation for Christmas and Christ's Second Coming
Advent began in the early Church as a 40-day time of preparation and self-examination before Epiphany, a January holiday that observes the visit of the Magi to Jesus (by the Western, or Catholic and Protestant, Church) and the Baptism of Jesus (by the Eastern, or Orthodox, Church). During Advent, the Church welcomed new Christians into the Church to be baptized. Over the years, Advent was eventually tied to honoring Christ's birth and anticipating his Second Coming.
Advent started off as a time of solemn preparation like Lent, but by the fourth century, the season had evolved into a more celebratory occasion in the Western Church. In contrast, the Orthodox Church has always tended to observe Advent in a more reflective, somber manner.
The lighting of the Advent wreath is the most popular tradition of the season. An Advent wreath is a circle of evergreens with four candles, three of which are usually colored violet purple (symbolizing royalty in some churches and penance in others) and the fourth colored rose red or pink (representing the joyous expectation that people have in the coming Messiah). One of the purple candles is lit during the service on the first Sunday (highlighting the theme of hope) and another purple one on the next Sunday (love). On the third Sunday (joy), the rose-colored candle is lit; and the last purple candle on the final Sunday before Christmas (peace). Some wreaths include a white candle (for the purity and holiness of Christ) in the center, which Christians light on Christmas day.
The origin of the wreath started as a pre-Christian practice by Germanic peoples as a symbol of the hope of a coming spring. Christians kept the tradition but changed its meaning as they looked forward to Christ's return.
St. Francis of Assisi is credited as displaying the first Christmas nativity scene, a re-creation of the manger scene, during Advent in 1223.
When: December 25
Observance: Birth of Jesus Christ
Biblical reference: Luke 2:1–20
Christmas is the observance of Jesus' humble birth to a virgin in a stable in Bethlehem. The holiday also celebrates the events surrounding his birth, such as an angel's appearance to shepherds, telling them to visit the newborn king.
Although the Church doesn't consider it the most important Christian holiday, Christmas is certainly the most popular, at least in terms of cultural and social significance. But the early Church, believing that events later in Jesus' life should be the focus, didn't even consider it all that significant. What's more, when Church leaders first discussed observing the birthday of Jesus, some argued against celebrating it like you would another great person in history. Nonetheless, the Church had enough pro-observance support to mark the calendar.
Neither the New Testament nor any historical record marks the exact date of Jesus' birth. As a result, the Church initially considered many different dates, including January 2, March 21, March 25, April 18, April 19, May 20, May 28, November 17, and November 20. The Western Church first observed December 25 in the fourth century, and eventually Eastern Churches followed suit.
Some people criticize that Christmas has its origins as a pagan holiday. Some truth lies in that notion, considering that the timing of December 25 was selected to line up with several pagan Roman holidays that celebrated the winter solstice and worship of the sun. However, Church leaders didn't see matching the date as compromising Christian teaching with the culture. Responding to any criticism, a fourth-century bishop remarked, "We hold this day holy, not like the pagans because of the birth of the sun, but because of him who made it."
Most of the traditional customs of Christmas, such as gift giving, tree decorating, light hanging, and feasting, come from sources other than the Church.


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WASHINGTON — During News Literacy Week this week, we are taking a closer look at the newsgathering process and educating viewers on how to spot fake news.
In politics, fake news is everywhere.
If you are wondering how quickly a fake news story can be created and shared online, look no further than Newsy Congressional Reporter Nate Reed's recent Twitter post about the National Guard troops sleeping in the Capitol prior to the inauguration.
Just walked into the Capitol to find literally hundreds of troops napping and lining up in the Congressional Visitor Center— as streets around here are largely blocked.
— Nathaniel Reed (@ReedReports) January 13, 2021
Many are cuddling their firearms, fatigues over their heads to block light, and riot gear in neat piles. pic.twitter.com/vCHAOGMdfA
Within minutes, someone took the photo and fictitiously published this caption on social media: "Massacre at the Senate."
In case anyone's curious how fast disinfo spreads, my pic of soldiers resting from this morning has already been picked up on the 4chan message board, where conspiracy theorists are alleging pics of a mass murder at the Capitol.
— Nathaniel Reed (@ReedReports) January 13, 2021
This is demonstrably false. pic.twitter.com/WUsAhqcKZL
"I've never seen anything like it. A photo that I had taken was so grossly taken out of context," Reed said.
The spread of fake news happens across all political parties.
And it's growing.
In 2019, fake news on social media contributed to 8.6 billion engagements. In 2020, misinformation resulted in at least 16.3 billion interactions. That's according to NewsGuard, an emerging fact-checking website.
"Fake news now has become weaponized in politics," said Chris Halsne, an investigative journalist and lecturer at American University.
Halsne says it's getting worse.
"I could coach people on how to spot fake news, a fake headline, most of them don't care anymore," Halsne said. "People are seeking out news that matches their opinions."
First, make sure you look at the source of the story. Other things to look for include looking at who the writer of the article is, who employs them and how long has the publication been around.
"Don't just look at one news source," Halsne added.
Gabby Deutch is with NewsGuard, an emerging fact-checking company that makes software to help spot fake news. The software is being used by libraries, businesses, and even in family households.
The way it works is each time a news article appears, a green checkmark or a red exclamation point displays, indicating whether you can trust it or not.
NewsGuard has two CEOS, one a conservative and the other a liberal, in order to ensure the company isn't biased.
"We believe there is a large chunk of people in this country who care about getting accurate information," Deutch said.
Unfortunately, Deutch says fake news will likely grow, as it's cheap and easy to produce fake news.
"It is profitable to run these websites," Deutch added.


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Wednesday, December 30, 2009
All Bound Up
Recently at work, I got myself into serious trouble. I mean big time. Trouble with a capitol "T". Trouble that almost made me a patient in our ER.
On that fateful day, I arrived for my 7 a.m. shift. After taking patient sign-outs from the overnight ER doc, while I was getting my computer workstation ready, I noticed a pink emesis basin sitting in the station. These bins double well as serving bowls, so I was eager to see what the overnight snack was. I peered inside to find that it contained about fifty pieces of banana- flavored Laffy Taffy. Supposedly, the night shift had snacked on a full bin of Laffy Taffy, leaving only the yellow-wrapped ones behind.
What? Are you kidding me? Who in their right mind doesn't go for the banana-flavored taffy first? Is apple or cherry or grape really that much better than banana? I don't think so, my friend.
Well, banana taffy and I, we're like an old married couple. I guiltily unwrapped what I swore would be my one and only piece at about 7:15 a.m., thinking that the rest could wait until at least after lunch. After proclaiming my undying love to the yellow gooey stuff, I plopped it in my mouth. Do you think I could savor it, roll it around on my tongue a little bit, enjoy it? Oh no, not moi. I chomped into it three times and swallowed it whole. Okay, just one more piece. I'll savor this one, I told myself.
That was wishful thinking. By 11 a.m., the bin was empty, my fingers were stained yellow (despite multiple washings), and my stomach was lurching at anyone who approached me. How do you possibly tell your stomach to remember its manners? Mine was blatantly rude, speaking out at every opportunity. I know I ate most of the candy, but I swear I didn't eat all of it. Did I?
One glance around the ER and I found my answer. At the far end of the nurses' station, sitting on a small stool in front of her computer, sat one of the new nurses. She wore a grimaced look and was rubbing her belly as she tried to concentrate on her screen. My partner in crime. I wanted to go up to her and tease her, but I am not a stupid man. Those nurses stick together and I knew that whatever I threw at her would come back tenfold to me. So, hard as it was, I let the moment pass and just shrugged off our conjoined misery.
Well, the following week was a long one. And not just for me, but for those around me. I was miserable. Completely and utterly unbearable. From my end (pun intended), the misery stemmed from the intermittent cramping, the spasms, and the constant rumbling that I could not conquer. For those around me, I'm sure, their misery was mostly from their pained ears--ears that bore the brunt of my constant complaining. I swear, after the third day, I didn't have one friend willing to say more than "Hello" to me before turning around and high-tailing it out of there. I couldn't blame them--I'd be the same way.
After a few more days, my wife got involved. "What's wrong with you?" she teased. "Take care of this already. You are a doctor, you know."
Yeah, yeah, I know. I also know that I should not have eaten forty to fifty pieces of Laffy Taffy (did I mention that it was banana-flavored?) in one sitting, but I did anyway. I refused to let the words "Fleets Enema" be mentioned in my presence.
I would like to take this opportunity to thank the kind, elderly woman, a complete stranger, who heard me out in the cereal aisle at Wegman's while I searched for some Rice Chex. "Um," I confessed to her bewildered face, "my name is Jim, and well, I haven't had a BM for almost a week."
Of course that didn't really happen, despite my wild imagination willing it to. I really did walk up and down the cereal aisle three times, though, begging for an angel of mercy to come and put me out of my misery. If not an angel of mercy, at least someone wearing a Depends diaper who could point out the best fiber cereal for me.
Despite lots of water, prune juice, mineral oil, fiber cereal, and fiber drinks, I still had no success. I decided to be really aggressive. It was time for (drum roll, please) magnesium citrate.
For those of you not familiar with this miracle drink, it comes in a ten-ounce bottle and looks like Sprite or 7-Up. Unfortunately, it sure doesn't taste like it. Trust me, drink it fast and drink it cold. And only one bottle. After drinking it, it passes through your intestinal system, pulling water into your colon. This increases peristalsis and provides relief within one to four hours.
I called our charge nurse, Julie, in the ER and asked her to place a bottle in a brown bag for me to pick up. "And please, Julie, don't tell anybody that it's for me." Yeah, right. I should have known better.
I drove to the ER and walked in. Before locating Julie, she had found me. I heard her before I saw her.
"Dr. Jim," I heard her loud, familiar voice yell, "here I am." I turned to find Julie wearing a big grin, standing in the middle of the crowded nurses' station. Don't do it, Julie, please.
She continued. "Here's the bottle of "mag citrate" you called in for yourself. I sure hope it works for you." Ugh. She gently held my brown bag above her shoulders and did a slow 360', showcasing the temporary trophy that was in her possession. Bad girl, Julie, bad girl.
I had forgotten that magnesium citrate can be purchased over-the-counter for a dollar. A stinking lousy dollar--the cost of saving me my dignity. But at that moment, I had no pride.
Well, I am happy to report that I am a magnesium citrate success story. I am a survivor of acute constipation. Starting next month, I will be the new spokesman for magnesium citrate (I said no to the prune juice company), so look for my commercial on a Japanese television station near you. Soon, I hope to have brown wrist bands finished to bond all of us who have braved similar success stories. I hope others will step forward to share their courageous stories and inspire you as I know I have.
Okay, enough. Thanks for bearing through my obscene level of silliness. I am proud to say, however, that I have not had one piece, nada one, of Laffy Taffy since that 7 a.m. shift. Whenever I get the urge, I just slap on another Chex patch and I'm fine.
As always, thanks for reading. The next post will be Friday, January 1. Please take this fluffy post as intended...I hope you smiled. Feel free to comment if you are a banana taffy fan! LOL
24 comments:
- green ink said...
Is it wrong I giggled nearly the whole way through this, especially the Julie 360 bag display bit?! :P Absolutely hilarious!! Glad you survived to tell the tale!
I'm sure I had banana taffy in the box of mixed flavours I bought in Boston a few years ago - but honestly, I ate so much candy while I was there, who knows :P I know there were Twizzlers on a regular basis. - December 30, 2009 at 7:43 AM
- Leslie said...
In a word, hillarious! Thanks!
- December 30, 2009 at 8:07 AM
- 911RN said...
I laughed about the pink emesis basins being used as "serving bowls." We use the green bath basins, which double as "our" puke buckets to serve popcorn and the like in the ER. Having a cast iron stomach-have only one similar tale. After a hard,long 12 hour shift- decided to eat cheese puffs (I was HUNGRY-to tired to cook)and drink Cold Duck Champagne on empty stomach- for a virtual teetotaler, nondrinker. WARNING: bad combo! What was I thinking?? HORRIBLE-returned an orange and purple potporri to the porcelain God. Have only ever suffered one episode of acute constipation after birth of second child. My sympathies, doc! I had to resort to the Fleets AND Oil retention enema amongst other treatments as I was in pain up to my milk-laden chest! BTW, call Magnesim Citrate "Dynamite in a bottle." Works (not tastes) great and less filling-ha! Stay away from the Banana Laffy Taffy or better yet, prescribe it those presenting to ER for diarrhea! Thanks for the laughs!
- December 30, 2009 at 8:53 AM
- J-Quell'n said...
Man, you really gummed up the works! I was wondering why you didn't just go to the pharmacy and get some mag citrate until I got to the end. That stuff totally works...my dad had to chug 2 bottles before his colonoscopy. But...banana taffy? Ew! So not worth it.
- December 30, 2009 at 9:36 AM
- rlbates said...
- December 30, 2009 at 11:57 AM
- WrightStuff said...
Ha, that will teach you (speaks the woman who has eaten her way through a chocolate mountain in the past week). I have no idea what banana taffy is. In the UK a Taffy is someone from Wales so frankly I'm not surprised you got a bit bunged up if you ate 40 banana flavoured Taffs - you Americans do have some strange ideas...
Happy New Year Doctor and keep taking your medicine. - December 30, 2009 at 1:03 PM
- t. said...
Co-workers can be so cruel...
I've always wanted to have a Halloween dinner party using yellow plastic bedpans & pink plastic emesis basins as serving dishes, with the white plastic urinals for the beverages.
Twisted and disgusting, I know, but hey! you can't NOT have a twisted sense of humor and work in medicine. - December 30, 2009 at 1:04 PM
- Katie Axelson said...
Not going to lie, when I started reading this I wanted to go rummage up a banana Laffy Taffy because those are the only good ones! Now that I've finished reading it might be awhile before enjoy one again. :-) However, since my dad just had his colonscopy we've had our share of poop jokes lately, but this is the opposite problem. Better in the basement than the attic, right?
- December 30, 2009 at 1:10 PM
"Well, I am happy to report that I am a magnesium citrate success story. I am a survivor of acute constipation. Starting next month, I will be the new spokesman for magnesium citrate (I said no to the prune juice company), so look for my commercial on a Japanese television station near you."
OMFG- "No, Julie, Nooooo!"
Thanks for the laugh(s)!~ - December 30, 2009 at 1:40 PM
- Maha said...
Sounds like your laffy taffy is my gummy cokes, fuzzy peaches and hazelnut chocolate. The staff decided to have a potluck on Christmas day and by the time my shift was over, I was begging for gravol and lactulose! Glad you found a side job as a mag citrate spokesperson, albeit in Japan :P
A great post as always. I hope you have a wonderful new year, free from any GI distress! - December 30, 2009 at 3:03 PM
- terri c said...
I knew there was a good reason I don't like Laffy Taffy... Reminds me of a time when I had the same problem, different cause, and was prescribed 4 dulcolax tabs, a stack of reading material, and uninterrupted bathroom time.
- December 30, 2009 at 3:22 PM
my dad sent me out on christmas day to buy him enemas.
should've seen the looks the pharmacist gave me when i lumbered up to the register with an armload of fleet enemas and a single york peppermint patty. - December 30, 2009 at 9:15 PM
- Katie Axelson said...
I have to confess, this has been bothering me all day:
"By 11 a.m., the bin was empty, my fingers were stained yellow (despite multiple washings), and my stomach was lurching at anyone who approached me."
Yellow-stained fingers? Who really touches Laffy Taffys enroute to the mouth? However, I do appriciate the multiple washings. :-)
<>< Katie - December 30, 2009 at 10:52 PM
- SeaSpray said...
You're so FUNNY!!! :)
I didn't know taffy would do that, ?? Too bad they weren't banana jelly beans and then you wouldn't have needed the little brown bag. :)
Banana taffy was always my favorite or else with Jersey Shore salt water taffy ..I like the root beer.
I've had that stuff pre procedure and didn't know you are supposed to chill it. It may've helped... a little. The doc said I had a certain amount of time to drink it but it was so bad tasting that I decided to chug-a-lug the stuff ..except it tasted so bad ..that wasn't possible either.. but I think I did it within 5 minutes by absolutely forcing myself ..hitting the table to distract me and making lots of faces and shuddering after each swallow. UGH!
Then the next awful part is when it hits your stomach like a big brick. UGH!
On occasion with a ureteral stent..I've had to take milk of magnesia which very much reminds me of the mag citrate but not as strong. It causes nausea and inner oral cheeks to get all salty watery. Not pleasant. I wish I thought of the mag citrate with one early stent placement. Would've saved 3 days of bladder spasms.
Well ..regarding the playful nurse ..pay back can be a .... in fun of course. ;)
I have a serious question that I have pondered before and I hope you or someone can please explain.
It's about the patients who present to the ER staff with a FB in the nether region:Well ..you know what ..I won't ask .. but suffice it to know that I am baffled that if big objects can go up (which I just don't see how possible in the 1st place)..it puzzles me that they can't come back down? Including overdue bms since obviously the region is *accommodating*?
Thanks for the laughs. :) - December 31, 2009 at 12:29 AM
- Blessed said...
Well, I was with you about banana laffy taffy being the best--however, I must say I will not be regarding them with the same, uh, relish from this moment on.
So, thanks, Doc.
; ) - December 31, 2009 at 12:59 AM
- Cal said...
This was a great read. Your very human side keeps coming through in all your posts, either serious or hilarious like this one. I loved the self deprecating tone, makes you come across a very likable person. I have no idea about the taffy though, but I remember the night of agony my husband went through after drinking magnesium citrate, when preparing for a procedure. He must have used the bathroom over 20 times and was exhausted by the whole ordeal. I am keeping my fingers crossed that I will never have to use the nasty stuff.
- December 31, 2009 at 3:31 AM
- SeaSpray said...
I am fascinated that the stuff draws water in from your system. I don't know why. just interesting.
I also think of taffy as being oily/slippery when melting and so turning to cement surprises me.
I am ***always and forever more going to be reminded of you and this delightful (at your expense :) story when ever I buy salt water taffy at the shore.*** As a matter of fact .. when I see the banana flavor ..I may just bust out loud laughing! :)
At the very least ..I will no doubt giggle when perusing the taffy assortments in the store.
Not unlike my memories of a former ER blogging doc, Trench Doc. It's been a few years now and to this day, I can not walk down the cake aisle in the grocery store without smiling every time I see a box of Red Velvet Cake. Nor can I or my girlfriend approach a salad bar without *giggling like school girls and giving each other *the look* because of his Germaphobia post and subsequent comments ..one of them being the Throckmorton Salad bar Test. :)
He gave me permission to put his Germaphobia post up and is in my favorites section on my sidebar. I hope you don't mind I mentioned these things, but want you to know..your writing has impact. LOL! Impact ..impaction ..ha ha ..no pun intended! :)
Thanks for the entertainment. :) - December 31, 2009 at 1:47 PM
- NYCRN said...
I absolutely love two things about this post. "Those nurses stick together" and your physiology report on the colon and mg citrate.
Funny. - December 31, 2009 at 10:20 PM
- EDNurseasauras said...
Funny! But..
I - January 4, 2010 at 11:04 PM
Memory sure is becoming cheaper these days. I wonder when we will finally reach the rate of $0.01 to 1 GB.
I can't wait for the day when I will finally be able to afford a 20 terabyte hard drive, haha. But for now I will be satisfied with having a 16 gigabyte Micro SD in my R4i.
(Submitted by WhatPost for R4i Nintendo DS.) - February 10, 2010 at 10:57 AM
- Janet said...
Omg, I am literally reading this as I sit on the toilet straining after eating too much banana Laffy Taffy. I wish my laughterbof your story could make me poop ��
- May 9, 2018 at 11:10 AM
- Esther Paris said...
Which works better for colitis: lomotil or banana laffy taffy?
- July 12, 2019 at 5:20 PM
I must admit, I came across your story after googling "can eating too much laffy taffy make you constipated?" (Remind me to delete that cringeworthy question from my search history)..Needless to say, I've got my answer and managed to laugh through the excruciating pain caused by my purchase and subsequent gluttonous overindulgence of two 24 count 1.5oz individually wrapped bars of sparkle cherry/grape/watermelon laffy taffy. I knew I'd regret that Amazon purchase but definitely don't regret finding this blog post, even if it is over 10 years old.
- July 23, 2020 at 1:29 AM
Well, this makes it less embarrassing! Looks like I'm not the only one googling about too much laffy taffy! I made the mistake of eating 15 -20 pieces of saltwater and laffy taffy today and my stomach is pissed off at me. And yes banana taffy is the best ! I will cherish the memory of the flavor, but probably won't ever eat the stuff again after my own experience.
- October 29, 2022 at 11:50 PM


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The Humane Farming Association (HFA) today put into context the recent announcement by the United Egg Producers (UEP) that it will cease lobbying for Senator Feinstein's "Egg Products Inspection Act Amendments" (S. 820).
UEP president, Chad Gregory, acknowledged from the very start that UEP's primary mission — now accomplished — was to get the co-opted Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) on record as endorsing the so-called "enriched" battery cages that animal advocates across the nation have long opposed.
"Even though the federal bill is all but dead, HSUS will not be reviving any of its anti-cage ballot measures as they previously claimed. Nor will HSUS seek to have enforced any 'cage-free' measure already passed," said Bradley Miller, National Director of the Humane Farming Association (HFA).
"HSUS's endorsement of egg factory cages was never really conditioned on the passage of federal legislation, as people were led to believe. The egg bill was a smokescreen to cover HSUS's startling flip-flop and abandonment of anti-cage laws," said Miller.
"UEP now has HSUS on record as accepting modified battery cages as an industry standard — even here in "cage-free" California," noted Miller.
HSUS president, Wayne Pacelle, said that his group will continue lobbying for the egg bill. Miller contends that is merely posturing. "Pacelle is simply trying to delay public recognition of his failure for as long as possible," said Miller.
In the wake of its failure in Congress, HSUS is now reverting back to double-talk about how going cage-free is "consistent" with Proposition 2. Simultaneously, HSUS contends that modified battery cages are also acceptable. In short, HSUS continues to play both sides of the issue.
Ultimately, what matters here is voter intent. Notwithstanding the errors HSUS made in drafting the measure, the voters of California clearly intended to outlaw cages for laying hens by passing Proposition 2.
"The courts have long recognized that voter intent matters when it comes to ballot measures," noted Miller. "Regardless of any post-election attempts by HSUS and the egg industry to reinterpret Prop 2, it would be crazy for egg companies in California to invest in any form of battery cages."
An "enriched" battery cage, according to HSUS and the egg industry.
In addition to the Humane Farming Association, opponents of S. 820 include: Friends of Animals, United Poultry Concerns, PETA, Last Chance for Animals, In Defense of Animals, Action for Animals, Green Vegans, Northwest Animal Rights Network, Defend Animals Coalition, Political Animals, Animal Protection League of New Jersey, Maple Farm Sanctuary, Georgia Animal Rights and Protection, Canadians for the Ethical Treatment of Food Animals, Action Volunteers for Animals, Vegan Society of Peace, Humane Farming Action Fund, Sunnyskies Bird and Animal Sanctuary, SAFE, Animals Unlimited, Massachusetts Animal Rights Coalition, Chicken Run Rescue, Pasado Safe Haven, Associated Humane Societies — as well as the vast majority of rank and file animal activists.


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Casino News in Canada
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It is impossible to list every type of online casinos in this article. So we will limit our discussion to those online casinos that are regulated by the government. Many of the online casinos that are operated out of Canada have restrictions in place that govern how they operate. This ensures that online casinos in Canada will be operated within the bounds of the law.
Before you can find online casino news in Canada, you will need to search the internet for an online casino review. Not all online casinos operate the same way, so reviews will give you a good idea of what to expect when playing online.
Most online casinos are registered with the government's gaming commission. These casinos are required to make themselves readily available to any interested parties. thunderbolt casino no deposit codes The online casinos must also register their web address with the web hosting service, so that anyone in the world can find them easily. The government has placed a lot of emphasis on online gaming, and this is why most online casinos in Canada are regulated by the government.
Some of the best known online casinos are currently operating in Canada. echeck casino review These include Bridge, Coral, Smart City, Sportsbet, and Pure.
As you can see, if you are interested in visiting an online casino in Canada, you will need to take a look at all the requirements of the online casino must meet before being allowed to open. Depending on the amount of licensing required, these requirements may vary from casino to casino. However, even if the requirements are not as strict as those in the United States, it is still a good idea to find an online casino in Canada that meets all the basic requirements.


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September sucks for me. People and animals I love die in September. My father died in September. My wife died in September but came back after 45 minutes of effort. I've lost jobs in September. It's not a warm, fuzzy month.
See these two fine dogs? Both were named Galaxy and both died at 5 ½ years old. Both became ill in September.
Needless to say...the name Galaxy is retired.


text: All the pictures, videos and games shown on cheercrank.com are the property of their respective owners. All the pictures, videos and games contained on cheercrank.com were collected from different public sources, including different websites, considered to be in public domain. Images posted are believed to be posted within our rights according to the U.S. Copyright Fair Use Act (title 17, U.S. Code.) Cheercrank.com does not claim to own exclusive rights on all images and videos published. All sources we use to create our articles are and will be credited with a proper linkback. However, we are hosting a lot of uncredited material from unknown authors we received via mails, from friends and our readers. If you own copyrights to some material such as images or data and you want us to remove it from our pages, contact us to claim your ownership and we will either credit you and your website, or if you wish – completely remove the content.


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Android/iPhone/iPad: Twitter has released its newest version of its official Twitter client for Android, iPhone, and iPad. While the iPhone and Android versions see a couple new features, the big change comes to the iPad version, which gets a complete design overhaul.
The design change brings the iPad version of Twitter up to date with the iPhone and Android ones. The differences are all aesthetic, but now all three versions are essentially the same.
The big change that comes to all three clients is in your own profile page. New additions include a new photo stream feature right below your tweets, and a new header photo. The header photo is similar to Facebook's Timeline, and sits behind your avatar image. The header photo should be available on the web version today as well.
One problem with the new mobile versions that's worth noting is that you're now locked into using Twitter's image service exclusively. As The Next Web notes, the option to upload images to yFrog, Twitpic, etc, is gone in the new app.
Twitter for Android (Free) | Google Play
Twitter for iPhone/iPad (Free) | iTunes App Store


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• Ather 450X will now be available in two cities in Gujarat – Ahmedabad, and Surat
• High demand for the Ather 450X, overwhelming interest by retail partners accelerates expansion in Surat
• The Ather 450X will now be available in a total of 27 cities in India by Q1 2021
Surat, Gujarat : As part of phase 2 of expansion, Ather Energy, India's first intelligent electric scooter manufacturer, announced the launch of the Ather 450X in Surat. The pre-orders, dealership requests, and also the volume of requests for test rides has led Ather Energy to include the new market in Phase 2 of their expansion. Many in Surat are also eligible for the limited edition Series 1 vehicle, as they placed orders in January 2020 before the official launch of the new product line. Surat joins Ahmedabad in Gujarat to have the Ather 450X available.
By the end of Q1 2021, Ather 450X will be on the roads of 27 cities – Bengaluru, Chennai, Hyderabad, Coimbatore, Kochi, Kolkata, Ahmedabad, Delhi NCR, Mumbai, Pune, and Kozhikode in phase 1 and 16 additional cities in phase 2 – Mysore, Hubli, Jaipur, Indore, Panaji, Bhubaneshwar, Nasik, Surat, Chandigarh, Vijayawada, Visakhapatnam, Guwahati, Nagpur, Noida, Lucknow and Siliguri.
Ather will be opening up in these cities in a staggered manner by Q1 2021 and will begin by setting up test rides to let consumers experience the vehicle. Ather has also been talking to prospective retail partners in these markets and has already begun locating spaces to set up its fast EV charging network, Ather Grid. In the 11 markets that Ather has presence in, more than 60 charging points are already installed with more in the pipeline.
The Ather 450X is an upgrade from its predecessor Ather 450 and is the quickest and one of the smartest scooters in India, and comes in three new colors; Grey, Green, and White. The scooter is powered with a 6kW PMSM motor, a new 2.9 kWh lithium-ion battery, and comes with 4 riding modes. In addition to Eco, Ride, and Sport, Ather has introduced a new high-performance mode, 'Warp'. Ather 450X can go from 0 to 40 kmph in just 3.3 sec in Warp mode, making it the quickest scooter in the 125cc category and the perfect choice to navigate through city traffic. The Ather 450X will also charge 50% faster than before at 1.5km per minute, making it the fastest charging rate in the electric two-wheeler category.
Additionally, the electric scooter will have a 4G SIM card and Bluetooth connectivity, allowing riders to manage phone calls and music on the touchscreen dashboard. The new 7" touchscreen dashboard, comes with a color depth of 16M and a Snapdragon Quad-Core processor. Ather 450X utilises Android Open Source to offer Google map navigation, on-board diagnostics, and other unique features like Over-the-air updates, Auto Indicator off and Guide-me-home lights.
The Ather mobile app will continue to offer personalised ride statistics, charging status, push navigation, and more functionalities like theft & tow detection, live location & vehicle state tracking.
Quote by Ravneet Singh Phokela, Chief Business Officer, Ather Energy: "We are really excited about adding 16 new markets and we look forward to establishing ourselves in these cities in the coming months. This expansion is the result of the strong demand from the consumers, dealerships and also, the test ride requests that we have received since the launch of Ather 450X. Ather Energy has always strived to build futuristic electric two-wheelers which boast of superior technology and innovative solutions to make the switch to electric easier for the consumers. We aim to introduce Ather products across the country and fulfill the needs of consumers by providing a premium offering."
About Ather Energy
Ather Energy, one of India's first intelligent electric vehicle manufacturers was founded in 2013 by IIT Madras alumni, Tarun Mehta, and Swapnil Jain. It is backed by the founders of Flipkart -Sachin Bansal & Binny Bansal- Hero Motocorp and Tiger Global. Ather Energy launched India's first truly intelligent, electric scooter – Ather 450 in 2018, followed by their new flagship offering Ather 450X in 2020.
Ather has also installed a comprehensive public charging network, Ather Grid, designed and built in India. With 38 charging points in Bengaluru and 14 charging points in Chennai, Ather Grid is one of the largest fast-charging networks for electric vehicles in the country. The company's product line has won 30 awards in design, automotive and technology categories. With over 60 Indian and international patent applications, 109 trademarks and 118 Indian and International design registrations to its name, Ather Energy aims to provide consumers with the best possible ownership experience. Ather Energy currently operates in Bengaluru and Chennai and in 2020 will expand to 25 more cities including Delhi NCR, Mumbai, Pune & Hyderabad.


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Every year, the elves come from his magical world to bring humans a new spring. Tim is a new one this year. Distracted by the attractive sound of the fair, he wanders away from the other elves, being captured by former trapeze artist Samuel, who brings him to Vladimir, owner of a circus who exploits him as a fairground attraction. Teresa, a naughty 6-year-old girl, is jealous of her little brother, baby Jon. When visiting the fair, she discovers Tim while he is being exhibited and she will become infatuated with him. Tim, at the same time, will see in her an opportunity to escape. Hidden in Teresa's house and protected by her, they live several adventures, becoming inseparable friends. Over time, matching with the end of the spring, Tim begins to transform in a Little tree. He has been away from his world and his people for too long, and only by helping him to return will Tim be saved. There is no time to lose, but be careful Vladimir is lurking.
2024-02-04 18:49:56,最后更新于 5月前


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Located in a privileged area in Rio de Janeiro, between the districts of Botafogo and Copacabana, Hostel Arcoverde, stands out as a strange attraction in 'Wonderful Town'.
The hostel on your back with the green of the Atlantic and with a breathtaking view of Guanabara Bay and the peak Urca, our Hostel is located at Rua Coelho Cintra, next to a military base, just minutes away from the subway station, Shopping Center (South River), local shows (Canecão), and Sugar Loaf and Copacabana Beach.
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Nectarine, Obovate, tip. Nice sz.
Summer Beauty (Anderbeaut, Brubelle, Stark Summer Beaut) Red Diamond X Sun Grand. Orig. 1979, Fred Anderson, Merced, CA; Burchell Nursery, Modesto, CA; and Stark Brother's Nurseries, Louisiana, MO. good; attractive color with good quality and medium yield. Flesh: yellow; Gland: reniform; Bloom: nonshowy; large size; Shape: round; Firmness: high; Ripens: -24.
The description of each variety of peach or nectarine fruit under each group is in different formats as this information is collected from varied sources and hence is not consistent


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La Tene Maps invented the modern Aquaculture Map. These show the diversity of aquaculture activity in the area covered by the map by a set of specifically designed symbols to differentiate the species and type of activity carried out. Thus salmon sites are divided into hatcheries, smolt units and marine cages. There is even a special symbol for pump ashore systems. The same applies generally for shellfish e.g. oysters have an additional differentiation between intensively reared oysters (trestles and bags) as opposed to extensive aquaculture (several orders or a managed fishery).
As the industry is now very mature we have only being keeping Britain and Ireland up to date with printed maps. However we maintain databases on Europe and have the capability to produce revised maps fairly promptly.
These maps are currently available as printed maps, digital prints or as a pdf file. La Tene Maps has also produced an extensive range of educational material on Aquaculture.