text:
The most exciting measure on next year's primary ballot in San Jose will not involve another push to legalize marijuana, or raise the minimum wage, or a countywide effort to eradicate homelessness. No, the most hotly contested item expected to go before voters next June revolves around—of all things—a billionaire-backed old-folks home in the Evergreen foothills.
On Sept. 8, the city of San Jose received a notice of intent to gather signatures and place a measure on the ballot that would change zoning restrictions for senior housing in one of the East Side's more opulent neighborhoods. The Evergreen Senior Homes Initiative, which would build 910 units across 200 acres of land currently designated for industrial use, is expected to receive a title and summary from the city attorney no later than Monday. Those documents will then be used to gather the autographs of 22,277 city residents. If successful, a measure will be placed on next summer's ballot.
The initiative—billed as a way to create more affordable housing for seniors and veterans in one of the country's most expensive areas—is being pushed by real estate billionaire Carl Berg and deep-pocketed developer Chop Keenan. It has the endorsed support of some once-heavy hitters in South Bay politics: Judy Chirco, who served as vice mayor of San Jose; Pat Sausedo, once the vice president of the organization formerly known as the San Jose Silicon Valley Chamber of Commerce; and Eddie Garcia, a Comcast lobbyist who went on to become a life coach after working as chief of staff for George Shirakawa Jr., the ex-county supervisor who landed in jail for stealing money from taxpayers and campaign donors.
Those last names might be recognizable to some voters, but it's the real estate magnates, Berg and Keenan, who are driving the effort to bypass planning commissioners and the City Council in favor of the electorate, leaving elected officials such as Mayor Sam Liccardo to cry foul.
"This proposal purports to be about affordable housing and senior housing," he says, "but really it's a proposal for billionaire developers to build housing for millionaires."
The proposal would add language to the city's Envision San José 2040 general plan and create a "senior housing overlay" that amends the Evergreen-East Hills Development Policy, which affects an area of land that has been in Berg's cross hairs for decades, as well as other underutilized industrial parcels in San Jose, such as Coyote Valley, which Keenan and others have pushed to develop for quite some time, over the objections of environmentalists and balanced growth advocates.
Together, the two men have a reputation for bringing cities to their knees. Keenan once won a $36.8 million judgment against Half Moon Bay that threatened to drive the sleepy beach town into insolvency.
Meanwhile, Berg once sued San Jose over a development in Evergreen that included the site now in question, leading a jury to award him $6 million.
"Carl has been around a long time," says real estate attorney Chuck Reed, San Jose's former mayor, who like his successor opposes the proposed development. "He's one of the big land developers of Silicon Valley, and he's made a boatload of money being a developer. He's creative, innovative, persistent, stubborn—I think all of those things apply to him. You don't succeed without a lot of effort, and he's done that."
Efforts to reach Berg and Keenan were unsuccessful.
But the plan's scope and tactics represents a disingenuous pledge, Reed says. The city has consistently opposed changing land use from industrial to residential, as San Jose deals with an ongoing jobs-to-housing imbalance.
"I think all of this is a smokescreen for an expansive, expensive development for seniors," Reed says. "I'm a senior. I'm a veteran. Hopefully, they're going to sell me a $2 million home for $100,000, but I doubt it. They're going to have to build affordable housing anywhere they build. That's not exactly a change from standing policies."
Liccardo notes that San Jose already has 7,000 new apartments in the pipeline for development, and a general plan that allows for 50,000 new units without any amendment, as well as "another 70,000 within the general framework." If fully built, the city would grow by more than a third.
The Evergreen Senior Homes Initiative—if it ever makes it to voters and meets approval—would put the city on the hook to build out infrastructure for traffic, water and electricity in areas currently considered too remote to service cost effectively. Liccardo, who admits to unsuccessfully attempting to convince Berg to sell some of the land, also suggests that the plan has a poison pill in the "small print." When it comes to a traffic mitigation plan, the initiative notes that all funding will have to come from "new development beyond existing development capacity (excluding projects pursuant to the Senior Housing Overlay)." Essentially, the city suspects, the new development would be off the hook for roads while adding thousands of new drivers to the region's roads.
Liccardo thinks the city "shouldn't have a different set of rules for billionaires than everyone else," adding that the initiative bypasses the planning department and council's normal public processes.
"To not even give us an opportunity to evaluate the proposal, this tells me they believe they're above the rules," Liccardo says, adding that 910 new units with an average cost of roughly $1 million dollars allows for some pretty "straightforward math" on the scope of the project.
When asked to confirm the project's value, Marissa Currie, a spokeswoman for the Evergreen initiative, declined to confirm a ballpark figure of $910 million. "I'm not comfortable speculating on that at this time, and I don't know if the mayor should be either," she says.
Currie, who works for the celebrated San Francisco PR firm Singer Associates, went on to say that the focus is combating the affordable housing crisis while taking advantage of land that has sat "fallow."
"We're implementing a comprehensive traffic plan," she adds. "Generally, a senior housing development will feature a lot less traffic than a traditional housing development or a commercial retail development."
Another dispute regarding the project is how veterans will play into the election campaign, as city officials believe the initiative will use senior veterans as a pawn in drawing public sympathy at the polls.
"There is no legal requirement [to house veterans]," Currie acknowledges, "but there is a public commitment to do so."


text:
This article is more than 1 year old
Telly psychics fail to foresee £12k fine for peddling nonsense
Insert 'didn't see that coming' gag here
Psychic TV has been fined £12,500 for failing to remind viewers that it's all nonsense, while interactive quiz channel The Big Deal got stung with a 10 grand fine for advertising the service - something neither of them saw coming.
The broadcast breached Ofcom's latest guidance for flimflam artists: that they must regularly remind viewers they're talking bollocks, both in words and on-screen banners, and that claims of efficacy aren't permitted. Both Psychic TV and Big Deal managed to breach both those clauses.
The broadcast claimed psychics could provide "accurate and precise" readings for those who called in. Presenters provided evidence in the form of anecdotes about previous successes (which isn't allowed) and claimed to have worked for various police forces in solving crimes, specifically in connection with the murder of Milly Dowler, which is also verboten - if only because it isn't true.
Ofcom can't ban psychics from appearing on TV, and dial-in TV is a burgeoning industry right now, so the regulator erects a maze of legislation requiring broadcasters to constantly remind viewers that it's all a bit of fun and shouldn't be taken seriously.
Ofcom is in the enviable position to make that statement - unlike the Daily Mail, which has just paid out £125,000 following claims that a performing psychic was cheating. The Mail's mistake was to label Sally Morgan a fraud, rather than just, er, not to be taken seriously, but Ofcom can explicitly require presenters to denigrate their own beliefs as nonsensical entertainment.
Ofcom regularly sanctions Participation TV services (PTV), though normally it's those late-night premium rate chat lines that attract the regulator's ire, for being excessively graphic while trying to recruit callers.
As that business moves online it falls outside Ofcom's remit, but the slow migration is a reminder of how ubiquitous TV remains despite the obvious advantages of internet delivery. ®

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Brand:AVOMEN Material:TPE Hight:160cm Bust:87cm Under Bust:62cm Waist:60cm Hip:100cm Shoulder Width:34cm Arm Length:51cm Hand Length:17cm Leg Length:97cm Foot Length:20cm Mouth:13cm Vagina:18cm Anus:16cm Net Weight:39KG Gross Weight:49KG Outer box:148*40*31cm |
The characteristics of AVOMEN brand adult dolls are mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1. High-quality materials: AVOMEN real sexy doll are made of high-quality silicone materials, which are soft and comfortable to the touch. They are also waterproof and non-toxic, and are also clean and maintainable.
2. Unique design: AVOMEN's design team is composed of senior designers. They have rich design experience and creative inspiration, and can perfectly integrate fashion, art and ergonomic elements into the design of real sexy doll, making each product unique. Characteristics.
3. Multiple functions: AVOMEN real sexy doll have multiple functions, including power off, heating, simulated breathing, etc., which can provide consumers with a more realistic experience.
4.Personalized customization: AVOMENreal sexy doll provide personalized customization services. Consumers can create exclusive adult dolls according to their own preferences and choices of different colors, hairstyles, clothing and other needs.
Why Choose AVOMEN doll?
HIGH QUALITY Quality Materials |
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Choose from stock dolls or customized dolls. Customization requires you to tick your own options for skin tone, eyes, wig, boning, standing and the option of additional accessories such as head supports, upgraded finger bones, full body make-up etc.
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Choose your preferred payment method, bank transfer, credit card or paypal etc.
How long does it take to customise?
Production takes around 10 days. Shipping takes 15 – 30 days, depending on your country location.
How do I get a doll quickly?
Choose stock delivery for faster shipping.
Where can the doll be sent?
We offer free & discreet worldwide shipping by air or by train, typically via FedEx and UPS express. However, due to import laws, we DO NOT SHIP to these destinations: Islamic countries, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Africa, Mexico, or Brazil.
How to track your package?
Custom made-to-order and delivered to your door in an average of 2-3 weeks from the date of your order is placed, though exceptions may apply. All of our real sexy doll are handmade and tested thoroughly for quality before shipping. The FedEx, DHL or UPS tracking number will be sent to your mailbox after the package is shipped.
Note: There would be shipping delay due to the Chinese Spring Festival, National Day Holiday season and unpredictable weather. We will do our best to expedite the order for you.
Will my personal information be compromised?
No hidden charges. All the packages are discreet with a plain packaging carton. Your doll will be labeled "mannequin". There are no other labels, marks, or logos to show it is a doll.
How to track an order with AVOMEN account?
After an order has been shipped, you can track your packages on avomen.com. From your personal DOLL account, you can find tracking information in your order details. If an order includes multiple items, each may have separate delivery dates and tracking information.


text:
Seizure drug helps women with hot flashes sleep
Gabapentin, a drug used to treat seizures, improves the quality of sleep in menopausal women bothered by hot flashes, University of Rochester Medical Center researchers report in the Journal of Women's Health.
Approximately 40 percent of menopausal women have trouble sleeping. They often have trouble falling asleep and staying asleep throughout the night.
In a previous study, the Rochester researchers found that gabapentin helps alleviate hot flashes. Their current study, they say, is the first to show sustained benefits in sleep quality with gabapentin.
To determine the impact of gabapentin on sleep, the researchers used data from their previous of gabapentin in 59 postmenopausal women who experienced 7 to 20 hot flashes daily. The subjects took either 300 milligrams of gabapentin three times a day or a placebo.
Based on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index -- a well-known and validated sleep questionnaire, they found that women who took gabapentin reported better quality sleep than those who took placebo.
Gabapentin improves sleep quality but does not have the potential dependency problems of some other sleep medications and does not involve the use of hormone replacement therapy, Dr. Michael E. Yurcheshen, who led the study, noted in a university-issued statement.
It has minimal side effects and it is a generic drug, said Yurcheshen, who is based at the Strong Sleep Disorders Center. That makes it a very attractive treatment for these problems in this patient population.
SOURCE: Journal of Women's Health, September 2009.


text:
From the ALSA wiki
Jump to: navigation, search
What is amixer
is a command-line program for controlling the mixer in the ALSA
soundcard driver. amixer
supports multiple soundcards. See also the
ALSAMixers page and the glossary entry
"mixer" for a list of alternative mixer programs.
Usage: amixer <options> command
Available options:
-h,--help this help
-c,--card N select the card
-D,--device N select the device, default 'default'
-d,--debug debug mode
-v,--version print version of this program
-q,--quiet be quiet
-i,--inactive show also inactive controls
Available commands:
scontrols show all mixer simple controls
scontents show contents of all mixer simple controls (default command)
sset sID P set contents for one mixer simple control
sget sID get contents for one mixer simple control
controls show all controls for given card
contents show contents of all controls for given card
cset cID P set control contents for one control
cget cID get control contents for one control
Jaroslav Kysela let slip an important point about amixer
regarding how to enable or disable capture (not playback)
Use: amixer sset Capture cap
amixer sset Capture nocap
mute/unmute keywords are parsed only for playback
Retrieved from "http://alsa.opensrc.org/Amixer"


text:
I do not want to equate the evil of chattel slavery with the evil of immigration restrictions. They may or may not be equal in one person's experience or another's, but I am not out to make a claim one way or another. I want to avoid at all costs what Elizabeth Martinez terms an "oppression Olympics,"1 referring to the weighing of which group is more or less oppressed than another such that the comparison succeeds in turning oppressed people against each other, which is of course a win for the oppressor. All I want to do here is re-frame the moral context of immigration law practice by way of analogy to the practice of manumission law in centuries past.
I. Manumission Law and Immigration Law
During the centuries that chattel slavery persisted in the Americas, there existed also in many jurisdictions the law of "manumission," or the emancipation of a person from status as a slave through legal means, such as by purchasing or contracting for their freedom from their owner, or having it granted to them by their owner's will and testament, making them a "free person."2 Sometimes this involved slave owners asking a tribunal to manumit the human beings they themselves owned,3 but in other contexts it involved enslaved people directly asking the court to allow themselves to be manumitted,4 sometimes with representation by counsel.5 It is this latter scenario of self-manumission through an advocate that we're referring to here – where an advocate argued on behalf of an enslaved person for their freedom.
The practice of immigration law6 is the lawful application for enhanced liberty or rights for individuals without U.S. Citizenship, before and against a government agency designed to restrict their liberty and their right to have rights, as Hannah Arendt put it.7 The immigration law practitioner petitions a government officer or judge for their recognition of a human being's right to move, work and survive. This is to say, the non-citizen, through their immigration lawyer, asks the government officer or judge for permission to be treated as a full human being; put even more simply, a non-citizens asks the government, through counsel, to recognize their humanity.
The same law that affords the non-citizen the ability to petition for this recognition and permission is the same law that endows that officer or judge with the unchallenged power to dismember families, crush freedom and sentence deportees to death. Just as the enslaved person asked for their freedom on the authority of their owner's will or contract – the same owner with the power to end their family, their freedom or their life. But, without comparing the degree of dehumanization or the frequency of torture and murder visited upon human beings within either of these institutions, what other aspects of them appear comparable?
In both instances the law afforded a narrow route of escape (albeit with limited rights to the escapee) from the institution. In both instances a legal advocate, a lawyer, had to work within the laws of the time and make arguments based on those laws and the assumptions that undergird them – seeking relief from the same power that presumed the authority to destroy their client. In both instances, engaging in this kind of advocacy against the institution did not actually challenge the institution's authority or legitimacy, but rather reinforced them.8 Certainly it failed/fails to challenge but reinforces the artifice of white supremacy. In both cases the advocacy nonetheless enhanced the liberty of individual people on a case-by-case basis
One author describes manumission this way: "Slaves used the law designed essentially to keep them as slaves to win their freedom, and free people of color used the law to maintain and often to fight vigorously to safeguard their liberty."9 Replace "slaves" with "undocumented people" and the former part of this explanation could easily describe removal defense and bond hearings while the latter could just as easily describe applications for legal permanent residence or naturalization.
II. Moral Tension
Another way in which the practice of manumission is comparable to the practice of immigration law is that neither was/is devoid of moral ambiguity. In each case well-meaning people were working within an institution they may have fundamentally disagreed with or even hated. In doing so they obeyed the rules of that institution and called upon the authority of the slave owner's ownership to manumit, and thus arguably kowtowed to its authority, thereby legitimizing and reinforcing it. In this sense they were to some degree complicit in the crimes of the institution itself. When we ask the government today to give a person relief from deportation or detention, we imply that we agree that the government has the authority to destroy that person's life; inasmuch as we appeal to a power, we also consent to it.
But at the same time, there's a strong moral argument that an attorney's practice of manumission law to secure a client's freedom was necessary for a simple reason: it saved lives. It did require a lawyer to play by the rules of slavery, but practically it also saved the lives of individual human beings, shielding them from torture, murder and rape – just as deportation defense often does today.10 Ultimately manumission won an individual person's liberty (or at least reduced their level of bondage11), albeit without injuring or truly challenging the evil institution from which they were liberated. The same can be said of the practice of immigration law today – like manumission before it, it may be necessary to save lives.
Historian Jessica Millward, in her article discussing how enslaved women used manumission laws to gain their freedom, describes this moral tension:
Manumissions were granted on an individual basis and never jeopardized the balance of power, which positioned the laws of the slaveholding South as an omnipresent force in the lives of African Americans. After all, manumission laws were slaveholders' laws, and any space left for a slave to gain freedom through them was a loophole, not an open door. However, the ability to negotiate one's manumission and that of one's kin became a very important vehicle of resistance for enslaved women.12
As immigration lawyers, especially in the world of public interest law, we take enormous emotional shelter in the perception that we are on the just side of a war between right and wrong, and with good reason – we are. But we do not enough acknowledge the moral tension Millward describes in the context of manumission, where that tension is more obvious: we are doing the right thing, yes, but in a context that is so wrong that any proximity to it at all puts us closer than we want to be to culpability. As such that proximity deserves our scrutiny and critical thoughtfulness.
So this comparison is not to say that a lawyer's practice of manumission or immigration law was/is evil in and of themselves; rather manumission practice, like immigration practice, could be a necessary vehicle of resistance (to use Millward's words) when and inasmuch as it becomes a necessary intervention to save lives and protect people from harm. This comparison prompts us to conclude that their practice does not by itself satisfy the moral responsibility of the practitioner. Such a practice is necessary, but insufficient. It was not enough for a lawyer to advocate for the manumission of individuals during a time when the terrorism of slavery thrived – rather the minimum level of moral responsibility required that they call for the abolition of slavery as an institution.
Thus, like legal manumitters before them, it is not enough for immigration lawyers to practice the law – we must be abolitionists. It is morally insufficient to fall somewhere in the middle or to fail to take that position. And it is in that sense too that these two areas of law are analogous – not in the depth of the cruelty of the institution that they were a part of – no oppression Olympics please – but in their failure of each in and of themselves to be morally adequate conduct on the part of the practitioner in each of their respective contexts.
For both the manumitter advocate and the immigration lawyer, it is a failure of their moral imagination to believe that their responsibility ends with their legal work. Our duty does not end with advocacy on behalf of someone's life or liberty, but with calling for the abolition of the institution that threatens them in the first place. Our job may begin with filing a Notice of Appearance, but it ends only with speaking out in favor of abolishing the border.13


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Representatives of League One and League Two Clubs have met today by division where they have shared a wide range of comprehensive views in respect of how the 2019/20 season is concluded.
The rationale for playing the remaining matches has been fully debated with a particular focus on the issues COVID-19 has created in respect of health and wellbeing, ongoing testing requirements, player registration issues and the financial burdens Clubs already face at this difficult time.
In the event of a curtailment of the season, the EFL Board outlined how this could be addressed through a framework that includes maintaining the principle of promotion and relegation, league tables to be determined via unweighted points per game (PPG) and Play-Offs to remain in every division to determine the final promotion place.
The EFL Board, whose aspiration has always been to conclude the 2019/20 season by completing the remaining fixtures, has previously stated that any decision on how to conclude the season is a matter for Clubs to determine in their respective divisions and, as a result of today's discussions, the following update can be provided:
League Two
Having considered the protocols and costs that would be required to be met to conclude the current season, League Two Clubs have unanimously indicated a preferred direction of travel to curtail the campaign in line with the framework outlined by the EFL Board.
In addition, Clubs asked for consideration to be given to suspending relegation to the National League for 2019/20 as a result of circumstances created where fixtures cannot be completed. No commitments were made in this respect and the Board will now consider the implications of the division's preferred approach at their next meeting.
League One
There were varied views shared in League One and it was determined that there would be a further period of reflection and consultation to understand what creative solutions could be implemented. It was acknowledged that the need to find innovative and creative solutions was of paramount importance as was the need for decisions to be taken quickly.
In addition, Championship Clubs met earlier this week and have indicated that it is their wish to play on and conclude the season.
The EFL will continue to work with all its members to progress the discussions and arrive at the necessary decisions as appropriate in what remain challenging and complex circumstances.


text:
At the start of a new year, it's essential to focus on setting goals that help individuals grow both personally and professionally. For employees looking to enhance their skills and make a significant contribution to the success of their organization, there are several effective strategies to consider. These strategies involve identifying specific targets, developing a plan of action, and tracking progress toward achieving those goals:
- Align Individual Goals with Company Objectives: Encourage employees to understand the company's mission, vision, and strategic goals. Align individual goals with these overarching objectives, fostering a sense of purpose and contribution.
- SMART Goal Framework: Introduce the SMART criteria for goal setting: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound. Ensure each goal is clearly defined, quantifiable, realistic, and has a set timeframe for accomplishment.
- Regular Performance Reviews: Schedule regular performance reviews to assess progress toward goals. Provide constructive feedback and adjust objectives if needed, ensuring continuous improvement.
- Foster a Collaborative Environment: Promote collaboration among team members by setting goals that require collective effort. Encourage open communication to address challenges and find innovative solutions.
- Recognize and Reward Achievements: Implement a recognition and reward system to acknowledge employees who meet or exceed their goals. Recognition fosters motivation, creating a positive and productive work environment.
- Professional Development Plans: Assist employees in creating personalized professional development plans aligned with their career aspirations. This ensures a continuous path of growth and achievement.
- Prioritize Well-being Goals: Recognize the importance of well-being goals, such as maintaining a healthy work-life balance and managing stress. Support employees in achieving these goals to enhance overall job satisfaction and productivity.
- Encourage Goal Collaboration Across Departments: Facilitate collaboration between different departments to align goals and enhance overall company cohesion. This promotes a shared understanding of organizational priorities and facilitates cross-functional teamwork.
- Utilize Technology for Tracking Progress: Implement goal-tracking software or tools to monitor progress efficiently. Technology streamlines the process and provides real-time insights for both employees and managers.
- Employee Training and Skill Development: Encourage continuous learning in your organization by setting goals related to acquiring new skills. Align training goals with business needs and measure progress regularly. Facilitate mentorship programs and integrate training into performance reviews.
Our Agency Can Support Your Corporate Success Journey
As your team gears up to take on new and challenging goals in the upcoming year, it's crucial to ensure that your company is well-protected against any unforeseen challenges that may arise. To that end, our team of agents is here to provide you with comprehensive guidance on various insurance solutions tailored to meet your specific needs.
Whether you require liability coverage, property insurance, or business continuity plans, our agency has got you covered. We understand that every business is unique, which is why we work closely with you to develop customized insurance solutions that align with your specific requirements.
So, give your local agent a call today to discuss how our agency can help support your company's success journey, providing you with the peace of mind to focus on achieving your goals in the coming year. From risk assessment to insurance coverage, our team is committed to ensuring that you have all the support you need to thrive and grow in a competitive marketplace.
Filed Under: Business Insurance | Tagged With: Business Insurance


text:
Global Travel News
Dominican Republic President Joins UNWTO in Support of Women Entrepreneurs
Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, June 25, 2022 / TRAVELINDEX / Women entrepreneurs from across the tourism sector came together in Santo Domingo for a special workshop focused on financing, marketing, networking and innovation.
Forming part of UNWTO's Centre Stage project and organized in partnership with the country's Ministry of Tourism (MITUR), the one-day event saw around 200 female Dominican entrepreneurs share their experience and knowledge while also benefitting from expert insights into growing tourism businesses and making the sector a driver of gender equality and sustainable development.
Joining the entrepreneurs in a show of support, President of the Republic, Mr. Luis Abinader and the Minister of Tourism, Mr. David Collado, stressed the important role tourism is playing in the economic wellbeing of the country. The President singled out the opportunities being created in established tourism hubs like Punta Cana, as well as emerging destinations such as Pedregales.
As part of Centre Stage, MITUR has been working actively since November 2021 to implement policies that take into consideration the specific needs of women working in tourism. According to UNWTO research, women in tourism have been hit harder by the impacts of the pandemic than men working in the sector, emphasizing the need to incorporate a gender perspective into policymaking. The Centre Stage project is supported by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Development and Cooperation (BMZ), the Germany Agency for International Cooperation (GIZ) and UN Women.


text:
Subpart 1.2 - Administration
1.201 Maintenance of the FAR.
1.201-1 The two councils.
(a) Subject to the authorities discussed in 1.103, revisions to the FAR will be prepared and issued through the coordinated action of two councils, the Defense Acquisition Regulations Council (DAR Council) and the Civilian Agency Acquisition Council (CAA Council). Members of these councils shall-
(1) Represent their agencies on a full-time basis;
(2) Be selected for their superior qualifications in terms of acquisition experience and demonstrated professional expertise; and
(3) Be funded by their respective agencies.
(b) The chairperson of the CAA Council shall be the representative of the Administrator of General Services. The other members of this council shall be one each representative from the-
(1) Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Education, Energy, Health and Human Services, Homeland Security, Housing and Urban Development, Interior, Justice, Labor, State, Transportation, Treasury, and Veterans Affairs; and
(2) Environmental Protection Agency, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Social Security Administration, Small Business Administration, and U.S. Agency for International Development.
(c) The Director of the DAR Council shall be the representative of the Secretary of Defense. The operation of the DAR Council will be as prescribed by the Secretary of Defense. Membership shall include representatives of the military departments, the Defense Logistics Agency, and the Defense Contract Management Agency.
(d) Responsibility for processing revisions to the FAR is apportioned by the two councils so that each council has cognizance over specified parts or subparts.
(e) Each council shall be responsible for-
(1) Agreeing on all revisions with the other council;
(2) Submitting to the FAR Secretariat (see 1.201-2) the information required under paragraphs 1.501-2(b) and (e) for publication in the Federal Register of a notice soliciting comments on a proposed revision to the FAR;
(3) Considering all comments received in response to notice of proposed revisions;
(4) Arranging for public meetings;
(5) Preparing any final revision in the appropriate FAR format and language; and
(6) Submitting any final revision to the FAR Secretariat for publication in the Federal Register.
1.201-2 FAR Secretariat.
(a) The General Services Administration is responsible for establishing and operating the FAR Secretariat to publish and distribute the FAR through the Code of Federal Regulations system (including a separate online edition with periodic updates).
(b) Additionally, the FAR Secretariat shall provide the two councils with centralized services for-
(1) Keeping a synopsis of current FAR cases and their status;
(2) Maintaining official files;
(3) Assisting parties interested in reviewing the files on completed cases; and
(4) Performing miscellaneous administrative tasks pertaining to the maintenance of the FAR.
1.202 Agency compliance with the FAR.
Agency compliance with the FAR (see 1.304) is the responsibility of the Secretary of Defense (for the military departments and defense agencies), the Administrator of General Services (for civilian agencies other than NASA), and the Administrator of NASA (for NASA activities).


text:
Tula Machine Embroidery Design | Download
Tula Machine Embroidery Design | Download
Style 621-943 | D
3.07" x 4.01" and 3.83" x 5.01" and 5.09" x 6.66"
11,444 stitches and 14,425 stitches and 20,115 stitches
Formats included:
Color chart also included
Windows and Mac Compatible
Made in the U.S.A.
Let customers speak for us
from 11142 reviewsI have a friend who loves being at the beach! This would make such a cute quilt for her!
Great Fabric Lorelei has it goin' on
I love the fabrics but you keep sending this review to Tom. My name is NOT TOM!
Product excellent but too many jump stitches . Have started making a shopping bag, to go to France, later in the year. It looks very nice.
Second time I have purchased it. Can use for a few different projects
Fantastic collection of small fabrics and panels. This box has enough variety and quantity to make several small projects. Can't wait to get started.
I stitched this on a black linen cocktail napkin on my 16 needle Melco. Used black tearaway, black bobbin. Set thickness to 5, speed to 950. No stops or breaks. Went great. Looks great!
I haven't actually stitched this yet, but the design is too cute!
I intended to use it for a certain project, but it was a tad too large. I will find a good home for her soon.
Loved this darling, colorful piggy fabric. It made a wonderful child's quilt!
I will make a new beachbag. And use all 3 fabric. . Hope I will have time to sew it before christmas
So much fun! It's going to make an adorable baby quilt!
I am very pleased with all the fabrics that I have ordered from Loralie, especially the wire fabric. I plan to also order the chicken tracks in the ear future.
Love your stuff and you guys are very on answering my questions right away


text:
Locked up and shut down, there will be no second life for this building. The 15th arrondissement went upmarket several years ago, and families don't need such anachronistic constructions. Today it is too massive, out of scale with the clean, minimalist lines sprouting up on the other industrial wastelands in the district.
Soon there will be a creche and social housing on the site. Worthy and necessary installations, surely in a polite and environmentally-friendly form to ensure that they don't disturb the neighbourhood. If the local residents miss anything it may be a place to park their car, and possibly the distinctive lettering on the facade. Is there no longer a place in the city though for the impressive and the imposing?
Here is a building that in its prime offered shelter to 600 cars. It would have seen the perpetual movement of vehicles ascending and descending, a mountain of motion and noise. Like most major cities today, Paris is chasing away the motor car and no longer wishes to see temples to its power situated within the city boundaries. As a non-driver, this is not something that affects me, but I am a little sad to see an end to significant car park architecture.September 17th sees the return of Parking day. Rather than a celebration of the strange world of the car park it is in fact "an annual, worldwide event that inspires city dwellers everywhere to transform metered parking spots into temporary parks for the public good". It is an admirable initiative, but could it extended to a larger scale? Could buildings such as this one be transformed into spaces for the public good? If so, what possible uses could be found for them? I would certainly sponsor an initiative that looked into the issue!
Grand Garage de Paris, 218 Rue de la Croix Nivert
Other Invisible Paris car-parks that may interest you:
The Grand Garage Haussmann
Le Parking Bellefond


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Setting aside the specifics of my particular plot for a moment, I have need of plot inspiration: how do I set up an escape from a death trap that seems plausible after the fact, and not too contrived?
I'm stuck figuring out the details of such a scene in my story. It's an adventure story, similar in theme to indiana jones or the lara croft series: adventurers exploring a temple, baddies, spells and actual magic, a treasure to be reclaimed, etc. I'm dealing with death traps: the characters are to be sacrificed at dawn in a blood ritual, and they need to discover a way to escape right before the spell is cast. How do I have protagonists escape a death trap? What tropes or mechanics are used to get the heroes out of immediate danger in a way that forces the big baddie to confront them directly?
I considered having them break out of their shackles, but then the villain was inept and this is no good; also, way wait until the ritual to escape? I considered having one of the minions screw up and give the heroes a lucky break, but that's too ... easy. I figured maybe they look around the chamber and see a switch or a trap or something they can interact with, but how could they do so if the villain has them bound? I don't want them to be simply lucky -- it should take both cunning, perception, and luck -- and I want them to have only a brief moment of escape before being forced to face the main antagonist.
And I certainly want the villain to seem competent, not inept and arrogant.
If this question is too specific or not on-topic for this QA site, I apologize; I'm going off this post for justification: Is a "Help me generate plot ideas?" or similar question on topic?


text: All About D.W. - When Emily gets the starring role in the preschool play, D.W. is beside herself with jealousy. She should be Little Red Riding Hood, not Tree #2! Undeterred, D.W. appoints herself Emily's understudy (just in case!). But when the big moment arrives, can D.W. handle the spotlight? Blockheads - D.W. and Emily are upset when they get stuck with the blocks at playtime. But apathy turns to obsession when they begin building their dream house. Forget snacks and naptime! They've got a palastle to build!


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We are coming down to the wire before football season kicks off and everyone is ramped up and predicting good things for the Dawgs. Well, I just don't feel it.
- Over Hyped from the fans - I keep reading about how good things are, how we should contend for the East. Well I see one or two injuries away from doom. Heck, we are not even starting the season fully loaded. Granted some of that is bone-headed issues, but others are injuries
- I just get the feeling of the other shoe that will drop and just crush the season.
- Depending on too many young guys to carry the load. This is from the RB to the lines to the Defense. Just too many players with the FR or R-FR letters in their names.
- I'm hoping for 8-4. Loses to BSU, SC, Either TN or FL and then Kentucky. I know this isn't popular, but that's what I feel.
- I don't look at the numbers in the pre-season. I know some take a lot from it, for me I look for one word. INJURIES. If that is none, then good. So far this hasn't been the case. Most seem minor, up see number 3. When those 2 meet up, watch out.
So am I down on the dawgs, no. But I don't believe that we are as good as many think.
SIDENOTE : Please don't go all ape shit over the new NIKE uniforms. It's not like they are changing the name or the school colors.


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Tai chi
What is tai chi?
Tai chi is a gentle exercise program that is a part of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Derived from the martial arts, tai chi is composed of slow, deliberate movements, meditation, and deep breathing, which enhance physical health and emotional well-being.
Tai chi is based on spiritual and philosophical ideas that advocate a need for balance in the body, mind, and spirit. Central to tai chi is the idea that qi (pronounced "chee"), or life energy, flows throughout the body. Qi must be able to move freely for good health. The principle of yin/yang is important, too. Yin and yang are opposite and complementary forces in the universe, in the same way as light and dark are. Tai chi is meant to harmonize these pairs of opposites. Finally, tai chi imitates motion found in nature, such as the movements of animals, thereby uniting human beings with the natural world.
What is the history of tai chi?
Zhang Sanfeng, a martial artist who lived in China in the late 16th century, created the practice of tai chi. According to legend, Sanfeng had a dream about a snake and a crane engaged in battle. Their graceful movements inspired his noncombative style of martial arts. This ancient form of movement has been practiced in China for centuries and is still a daily routine for tens of thousands of people there, especially the elderly. It was first introduced to the United States in the early 1970s and has since grown in popularity.
How does tai chi work?
There are various perspectives on how tai chi works. Eastern philosophy holds that tai chi unblocks the flow of qi. When qi flows properly, the body, mind, and spirit are in balance and health is maintained. Others believe that tai chi works in the same way as other mind-body therapies, and there is ample evidence that paying attention to the connection between the mind and the body can relieve stress, combat disease, and enhance physical well-being.
Tai chi has three major components, movement, meditation, and deep breathing.
- Movement. All of the major muscle groups and joints are needed for the slow, gentle movements in tai chi. Tai chi improves balance, agility, strength, flexibility, stamina, muscle tone, and coordination. This low-impact, weight-bearing exercise strengthens bones and can slow bone loss, thus preventing the development of osteoporosis.
- Meditation. Research shows that meditation soothes the mind, enhances concentration, reduces anxiety, and lowers blood pressure and heart rate.
- Deep breathing. Exhaling stale air and toxins from the lungs while inhaling a plentitude of fresh air increases lung capacity, stretches the muscles involved in breathing, and releases tension. It also enhances blood circulation to the brain, which boosts mental alertness. At the same time, the practice supplies the entire body with fresh oxygen and nutrients.
What does a tai chi session entail?
Tai chi sessions are usually group classes that last about an hour. Each session begins with a warm up exercise. Then the instructor guides the class through a series of 20 to 100 tai chi movements that together comprise a "form." A form can take up to 20 minutes to complete. Each form has a nature-based name that describes its overall action, such as "wave hands like clouds" or "grasp the bird's tail." At the same time, students are asked to focus on the point just below their navels, believed to be the center from which qi flows. The teacher encourages the class to perform all movements in a slow, meditative manner, and to focus on deep breathing. At the end of the class, there is usually a wind down exercise, relaxation, and meditation.
How many sessions will I need?
Classes are usually taught on a weekly basis. Many practitioners recommend practicing tai chi for about 15 to 20 minutes twice daily at home, since regular practice is essential for mastering the forms and achieving lasting results. Before beginning a tai chi program, you should check with your doctor and discuss your health needs with the tai chi instructor. Exercises can be modified depending on your mobility, history of injuries, chronic pain, joint swelling (if present), and medication that may affect balance.
What conditions respond well to tai chi?
Tai chi improves overall fitness, coordination, balance, and agility. People who practice tai chi on a regular basis tend to have good posture, flexibility, and range of motion, are more mentally alert, and sleep more soundly at night.
Tai chi is both a preventive and complementary therapy for a wide range of conditions. Specifically, it is beneficial for chronic pain, gout, heart disease, high blood pressure, arthritis, osteoporosis, diabetes, headaches, fibromyalgia, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and sleep disorders. Tai chi is also beneficial for the immune system and the central nervous system, which makes it especially good for people with a chronic illness, anxiety, viral infections, depression, or any stress-related conditions. The deep breathing of tai chi regulates the respiratory system, helping to treat respiratory ailments, such as asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema. It also stimulates the abdomen, which aids digestion and helps relieve constipation and gastrointestinal conditions. Many clinical studies indicate that elderly people who practice tai chi have better hand-eye coordination and are less prone to falls, both serious health risks to people in that age group.
Are there conditions that should not be treated with tai chi?
Tai chi is typically safe for everyone, regardless of age or athletic ability, and can be modified for most health problems. People with limited mobility, even those in wheelchairs, can learn and successfully use tai chi. In one study of 256 sedentary adults 70 to 92 years of age, tai chi decreased the number of falls and the fear of falling compared to stretching. Those who practiced tai chi also had improved functional balance and physical performance after 6 months. However, tai chi is not meant to replace medical care for a serious condition. Talk to your doctor and your instructor about any health problems or recent injuries you may have, or if you are pregnant.
Is there anything I should look out for?
Tai chi exercises muscles in areas of your body that may have been neglected. Therefore, you may feel sore in the beginning. It takes time to develop the posture, flexibility, and agility needed for tai chi, so do not get discouraged. As with any exercise program, safety is affected by proper stretching and warm up exercises, as well as correct alignment. If you experience dizziness, shortness of breath, headaches, or severe pain, stop practicing and talk to your instructor right away, and consult your doctor. People with severe psychiatric disturbances should use tai chi under the care of their physicians to see how they respond to the relaxation.
How can I find a qualified tai chi practitioner?
For information on how to find a tai chi class in your area, contact your local health club or YMCA. Ask to sit in on a class before signing up, so that you can observe the instructor and the atmosphere of the class.
Adler PA, Roberts BL. The use of Tai Chi to improve health in older adults. Orthop Nurs. 2006;25(2):122-6.
Barbat-Artigas S, Filion ME, Dupontgand S, Karelis AD, Aubertin-Leheudre M. Effects of tai chi training in dynapenic and nondynapenic postmenopausal women. Menopause. 2011;18(9):974-9.
Chen EW, Fu AS, Chan KM, Tsang WW. The effects of Tai Chi on the balance control of elderly persons with visual impairment: a randomised clinical trial. Age Ageing. 2012;41(2):254-9.
Cheung SY, Tsai E, Fung L, Ng J. Physical benefits of Tai Chi Chuan for individuals with lower-limb disabilities. Occup Ther Int. 2007;14(1):1-10.
Field T. Tai Chi research review. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2011;17(3):141-6.
Fransen M, Nairn L, Winstanley J, Lam P, Edmonds J. Physical activity for osteoarthritis management: a randomized controlled clinical trial evaluating hydrotherapy or Tai Chi classes. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;57(3):407-14.
Greenspan AI, Wolf SL, Kelley ME, O'Grady M. Tai chi and perceived health status in older adults who are transitionally frail: a randomized controlled trial. Phys Ther. 2007;87(5):525-35.
Irwin MR, Olmstead R, Oxman MN. Augmenting immune responses to varicella zoster virus in older adults: a randomized, controlled trial of Tai Chi. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2007;55(4):511-7.
Irwin MR, Olmstead R, Motivala SJ. Improving sleep quality in older adults with moderate sleep complaints: A randomized controlled trial of Ta Chi Chih. Sleep. 2008;31(7):1001-8.
Jones KD, Sherman CA, Mist SD, Carson JW, Bennett RM, Li F. A randomized controlled trial of 8-form Tai chi improves symptoms and functional mobility in fibromyalgia patients. Clin Rheumatol. 2012;31(8):1205-14.
Kuramoto AM. Therapeutic benefits of Tai Chi exercise: research review. WMJ. 2006;105(7):42-6.
Lam P. Tai chi. Diabetes Self Manag. 2004;21(4):7-10, 12, 14.
Lee MS, Pittler MH, Ernst E. Tai chi for rheumatoid arthritis: systematic review. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2007; [Epub ahead of print].
Li Y, Devault CN, Van Oteghen S. Effects of extended tai chi intervention on balance and selected motor functions of the elderly. Am J Chin Med. 2007;35(3):383-91.
Li F, Fisher KJ, Harmer P, Irbe D, Tearse RG, Weimer C. Tai chi and self-rated quality of sleep and daytime sleepiness in older adults: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004;52(6):892-900.
Li F, Harmer P, Fisher KJ, et al., Tai Chi and fall reductions in older adults: a randomized controlled trial. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2005;60(2):187-94.
Li F, Harmer P, Fitzgerald K, et al. Tai chi and postural stability in patients with Parkinson's disease. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(6):511-9.
Lin CL, Lin CP, Lien SY. The effect of tai chi for blood pressure , blood sugar, blood lipid control for patients with chronic diseases: a systematic review. Hu Li Za Zhi. 2013;60(1):69-77.
Liu H, Frank A. Tai chi as a balance improvement exercise for older adults: a systematic review. Geriatr Phys Ther. 2010;33(3):103-9.
Maciaszek J, Osinski W, Szeklicki R, Stemplewski R. Effect of Tai Chi on body balance: randomized controlled trial in men with osteopenia or osteoporosis. Am J Chin Med. 2007;35(1):1-9.
Morris Docker S. Tai Chi and older people in the community: a preliminary study. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2006;12(2):111-8.
Ng SM, Wang CW, Ho RT, et al. Tai chi exercise for patients with heart disease: a systematic review of controlled clinical trials. Altern Ther Health Med. 2012;18(3):16-22.
Nguyen MH, Kruse A. A randomized controlled trial of Tai chi for balance, sleep quality and cognitive performance in elderly Vietnamese. Clin Interv Aging. 2012;7:185-90.
Orr R, Tsang T, Lam P, Comino E, Singh MF. Mobility impairment in type 2 diabetes: association with muscle power and effect of Tai Chi intervention. Diabetes Care. 2006;29(9):2120-2.
Rakel D. Rakel Integrative Medicine. 3nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2012.
Richerson S, Rosendale K. Does Tai Chi improve plantar sensory ability? A pilot study. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2007;9(3):276-86.
Shen CL, Williams JS, Chyu MC, et al., Comparison of the effects of tai chi and resistance training on bone metabolism in the elderly: a feasibility study. Am J Chin Med. 2007;35(3):369-81.
Taylor-Piliae RE, Haskell WL, Stotts NA, Froelicher ES. Improvement in balance, strength, and flexibility after 12 weeks of Tai chi exercise in ethnic Chinese adults with cardiovascular disease risk factors. Altern Ther Health Med. 2006;12(2):50-8.
Taylor-Piliae RE, Froelicher ES. Effectiveness of Tai Chi exercise in improving aerobic capacity: a meta-analysis. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2004;19(1):48-57.
Thornton EW, Sykes KS, Tang WK. Health benefits of Tai Chi exercise: improved balance and blood pressure in middle-aged women. Health Promot Int. 2004;19(1):33-8.
Tsang WW, Hui-Chan CW. Effects of exercise on joint sense and balance in elderly men: Tai Chi versus golf. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004;36(4):658-67.
Tsang WW, Hui-Chan CW. Effect of 4- and 8-wk intensive Tai Chi Training on balance control in the elderly. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004;36(4):648-57.
Verhagen AP, Immink M, van der Meulen A, Bierma-Zeinstra SM. The efficacy of Tai Chi Chuan in older adults: a systematic review. Fam Pract. 2004;21(1):107-13.
Wang C. Tai Chi improves pain and functional status in adults with rheumatoid arthritis: results of a pilot single-blinded randomized controlled trial. Med Sports Sci. 2008;52:218-29.
Wang C, Collet JP, Lau J. The effect of Tai Chi on health outcomes in patients with chronic conditions: a systematic review.Arch Intern Med. 2004;164(5):493-501.
Wang C. Tai Chi and Rheumatic Disease. Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North America. 2011;37(1).
Wayne PM, Kiel DP, Krebs DE, et al., The effects of Tai Chi on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a systematic review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2007;88(5):673-80.
Wong AM, Chou SW, Huang SC, Lan C, Chen HC, Hong WH, Chen CP, Pei YC. Does different exercise have the same effect of health promotion for the elderly? Comparison of training-specific effect of Tai Chi and swimming on motor control. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2011;53(2):e133-7.
Woo J, Hong A, Lau E, Lynn H. A randomised controlled trial of Tai Chi and resistance exercise on bone health, muscle strength and balance in community-living elderly people. Age Ageing. 2007;36(3):262-8.
Yeh GY, Wang C, Wayne PM, Phillips RS. The effect of tai chi exercise on blood pressure: a systematic review. Prev Cardiol. 2008;11(2):82-9.
Yu TY, Pei YC, Lau YC, Chen CK, Hsu HC, Wong AM. Comparison of the effects of swimming and Tai Chi Chuan on body fat composition in elderly people. Chang Gung Med J. 2007;30(2):128-34.
Review Date: 11/6/2015
Reviewed By: Steven D. Ehrlich, NMD, Solutions Acupuncture, a private practice specializing in complementary and alternative medicine, Phoenix, AZ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.


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Would you like to watch MP4 movies on Mac? Definitely! Free Mac Media Player is very handy for you to play any MP4 movies with high audio-visual quality. With simple operation, Macgo Free Mac Media Player will bring you to the amazing MP4 world.
Preparations you need to do:
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If you wish to contact MSD Animal Health please visit their contact page
Country Sites |
This page contains information on veterinary pharmaceutical and biological animal health products based on international registration dossiers. It may refer to products that are either not available in your country or are marketed under a different trade name. Consult the regulatory and technical information on available veterinary products in your country.
GENERAL REMINDER: Product indications, usage instructions & withdrawal periods may vary by Country. Always follow label instructions and consult your veteriarian or swine health adviser. |
This page contains information on veterinary pharmaceutical and biological products that are sold in several different countries and areas where they may be marketed under different trade names and pursuant to different regulatory approvals. Accordingly, ThePigSite and MSD Animal Health give no guarantee that the details presented are correct with respect to all locations.


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These Sneaky Habits Can Cause Acne By Beauty Salon Great Missenden – Call Us On 01494 865005
What gives? You're way past high school but your skin is still stuck in adolescence. Grrrr! It's enough to make even the most patient person lose their cool.
Acne-prone people are born with four to five times more skin cells than the average person. They also produce more oil (like you didn't know that, right?) If you're doing everything you know to do to keep acne at bay, but are still fighting it, here are a few factors that contribute to this pesky problem:
Makeup with the artificial colors FD & C. It can cause breakouts around your mouth and cheeks. Lanolin, mineral oil, petroleum, Isopropyl Myristate and artificial fragrance all irritate your acne-prone skin.
Over-drying your face. This actually causes your skin to produce more oil, and you definitely don't want that! Keep skin hydrated. We can show you how.
Physical Pressure. Constant cell phone use, resting your hand on your face, and so on, not only exposes your skin to bacteria, but forces the bacteria into your skin.
Stress. It's not enough that stress causes premature aging but it also increases the hormone that causes acne. Work out, go for a walk, or whatever it takes to get your emotions settled down.
Laundry. Change out your pillowcase twice a week. Make sure that towel you use to dry your face hasn't seen a week's worth of activity.
Diet. No, it's not conclusive that what you eat shows up on your skin, but it makes sense. Get rid of processed foods! Opt for a healthier diet.
Make us a partner in your lifestyle changes with our professional skincare treatments. Together we can get you the skin you want and deserve!
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Gambling: lots of people itself anyone to to an aspiration world where your pockets are full and you bank accounts are flooding with money. This industry is growing at rate which is way above the growth rate of any industry. Years ago no you are likely to have felt that we will be able to place a bet with a click of the mouse. In line with a statistic online gambling is growing at rate of almost 100%. Earlier shbet com it were originally games which usually are related to cards exactly how it has gone to another level. Today you can place bets on different sports games.
Before I end this up, I would like to say sorry to you because wanting to offer not a content article to an individual how to quit betting, the an article to an individual how to alter your technique of betting and appreciate it for your rest of the life.
Incredibly tip is to use betting methods for football sports online betting. By doing so, you effectively reduce your workload. End up being also thought of a good idea to subscribe online to get a betting information and facts. A lot of the professional football bettors would prefer to share their knowledge on the new players, so they publish their tips online so that other people will benefit of the usb ports too. Check these tips out and apply them in your personal personal game. Besides the paid betting tips, in addition there are a few websites that give out free betting tips too.
Most of my guys and I like sports betting because with this increasing probably considered one the best method to generate in online betting. However, easy obviously wouldn't bring you more wins than fannie and freddie. In the end, is actually also down to how much hardworks you're willing location in before placing the bets. Discovered that people who quit betting easily are people who did not do their research much based on players' form, key players and bench players comparison and their past years matching documentation. These are the most rudimentary criteria might look the decision of before placing your bets and should did not in the past, you deserved reduce your benefit the gambling bets.
To boost odds of winning in sports betting, it crucial for one to get recognize some tricks and tips of the trade. Knowledge on sports betting without a doubt important to win. Even though you do it for fun, it is not fun to place money on the line and lose it all as well, thus make sure you also exert some efforts on learning how to bet on sports and also win also.
Check out those dogs that have ran lately. This will give you a touch that these are in good shape. For dogs that are not on a vehicle track for countless years might mean they have been through some injuries. Of course, a greyhound which had been active the particular race track differs in performance than others who have a long rest.
Do not let your temper get the better person when you play online casino poker or as well as. Whether you sound off round the message board or in the chat room, people could soon anyone pegged. Can be have disastrous consequences to one's wallet due to the fact will play to your weaknesses and you will not even realize the following. Even if you don't lose your money, you may find that you've been booted off the online webpage.
Finally, make in mind that you will need set a budget. Don't use it all inside the first race, be apt to divide upward so a person can remain whiter for longer for cash. Stick into the budget and learn whenever you go. Horse racing betting is about having fun as well as making money.


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Please enter a pub or hotel name. If you are looking for something specific try our advanced search
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01772 550910 01772 550910
14–15 Church Street Preston Lancashire PR1 3BQ
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*Please note: actual opening hours are subject to change. For confirmation, please contact the pub.
This imposing grade II listed building stood empty for several years and was last occupied by the TSB, which moved into the premises in the early 1990s. Until then, it had been occupied by the Preston Savings Bank. The Baroque-style building was purpose built for the bank and opened with much pomp and ceremony in July 1907. A photograph taken around that time shows the grandiose banking hall and its 65-feet long counter with 12 tellers in place.
If you'd like to view a PDF of the menu, it can be downloaded using this link. Please be aware that these dishes are subject to availability in participating pubs.


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Howard, Lisa Ashwin Batish saunters into the recording studio next to his home in Santa Cruz, California. It is jammed with all the trappings of a high-tech, sound-warping work shop, from state-of-the-art synthesizers set upon one wall to computerized recording equipment nearby. Overseeing this cluster of audio machinery is a reminder of the earlier roots of Batish's music. Hanging on the wall in the studio is a picture of Saraswati. She seems to be calmly appraising the surroundings, which, like the musician himself – clad in blue jeans and a baseball hat – have found a comfortable balance between India and California.
For centuries the sitar has sung melodic verses to listeners who enjoyed its exotic steely sound. Few people ever associated that traditional meditative music with the high-tech, synthesized sound of rock music. But Batish, who is a classically-trained musician, has managed to strike a responsive chord with Western listeners by blending the classical ragas of India with a modern pop beat. Shanachie Records recently signed an agreement to re-release Batish's first album, "Sitar Power," as part of their World Beat series. This makes Batish the first sitar player since Ravi Shankar in the 1960's to successfully cross classical Indian sounds with pop music and gain a sizeable Western audience.
An Ashwin Batish fan club with about 100 members attests to the musician's appeal. His following may not be as large as a modern rock group, but they are dedicated listeners. He humorously tells us in our HINDUISM TODAY interview that on a recent concert tour in New York he was asked to play in Queens, a place he describes as somewhere "you wouldn't expect anybody to know about Indian music." So he wasn't completely surprised when only one devoted fan showed up. Batish did the entire show for the lone listener. Several nights later 6,000 people came to singe their ears with synthesized sitar.
His music has a unique sound. He fuses traditional ragas with the sounds of electric guitar, bass, drums and synthesizers to create songs such as "Bombay Boogie" and "New Delhi Vice," two of the cuts on his "Sitar Power" album. The album, first released on his family's own Batish Records label, came out in mid-1986 and proved to be popular enough to grab the attention of the larger recording company. The songs are actually upbeat, modified versions of Hindu ragas, but "as far as they (Western listeners) are concerned, they're just listening to a hip beat," Batish says.
One reason Batish thinks "exotic rock," as he likes to refer to his music, has caught on is that "the sitar creates a dream sound. It's unlike a guitar which a lot of people have been hearing."
Many of his fans are young, college-aged students who enjoy world beat music [ethnic music from global cultures] and are requesting "Sitar Power" on college and FM radio stations across the US. He thinks his compositions attract many young people because he communicates in their own language, the dialect of pop music. "Not everybody will understand," he says, "but something like "Sitar Power" touched people's hearts because it touched ours. Music is our life," referring to his entire family of musicians. In music, "your philosophy, your beliefs, your music all flow together."
Born in Santa Cruz, near Bombay, India, Batish learned to play the sitar at age 12 from his father, Shiv Dayal Batish. The elder Batish, a well-known musician who wrote scores and sang in over 100 movies, would sing to his son, and Ashwin learned by car. He would listen to his father, then repeat the songs until he caught the music. Learning to play the sitar was easy, he says. Learning Indian music, which has thousands of scales, wasn't. "First you learn the skill, and then you have to learn the music. It's so vast you can never know all the ragas."
Shiv Dayal Batish has been a big supporter of his son's music, joking that he can't wait to make another movie and use some of Ashwin's toe-tapping tunes. He also helps by listening to the songs and making suggestions about composition, something other members of the family also do. "As a family of musicians, nothing is hidden," Batish says. "None of us produces anything another person would object to."
In 1973, after Shiv Dayal Batish secured a job at the University of California at Santa Cruz, the family moved to the US from England where the younger musician spent his teen years. They opened up an Indian restaurant, too, and it was there that Ashwin started perfecting his "raga and roll" as some have dubbed it. He played at the restaurant almost every night for 15 years. Then, in 1980, the family started Batish Records. In addition to packaging their own sounds, Batish Records also produces high-quality cassettes for other musicians.
The whole family is involved in the business. His sister Meena is arranging some of Shiv Dayal Batish's older film songs to a newer pop mode and they are working on an album that will mix the traditional Indian "ghazal," the practice of putting poetry to music, with the works of William Shakespeare. "We are really interested in introducing this [form of entertainment] to the Western audience," Ashwin enthuses.
Although the Batish family is opening up musical doors for listeners who have never heard instruments such as the sitar or tabla, Ashwin says he is not interested in being the spiritual link between cultures. He is not trying to influence people's beliefs with his music. He simply wants people to enjoy his unique versions of traditional ragas. "Indian people already know what I'm saying," he notes. "A true Hindu will always follow the middle path. I try to, too. I try to stay away from extremes. I'm not trying to blend religions together or cultures together. I'm just doing what I do best."
Batish says that of the nine basic elements of Indian music, he is most interested in Hasya Rasa – happy, joyful music. The artist puts a lot of his personal emotions into his work, and his enthusiasm flows through his music. He observes, "The artist is really trying to put his emotions forward. I really wanted to present my music in the way I heard it. And I heard it as a lot of fun. I think sitar music is fun."
Although he comes from a musical family, Batish never intended to make a living as a performing musician. The industry is too unstable. Music "is like fashion," he says. Clothes fashions change and so do trends in music. What's hot and in vogue today will probably be cold two years from now and the same rule applies to music. Batish knows that. "I don't want to put myself in that precarious position," he emphatically states. His main source of income doesn't come from playing "raga and roll." He goes on tour about four times a year for up to a month at a time. This fall, however, he will be making his first performing tour to Holland and Belgium and will be doing a benefit concert for Oxfam (human relief organization) in San Francisco in September.
When he's not on the road, Batish devotes his time to the family business. Shiv Dayal Batish has recently published a book on Indian music titled "Ragamala" and the clan has several other projects, including albums and possibly even a magazine, in the works.
Batish doesn't know how long he will be riding the crest of the current interest in world beat music, but for now he is basking happily in the attention and enjoying the power of making music on his sitar. The musician points out the picture of Saraswati hanging in the studio. "We believe very strongly in that power," he tells us. "That's why it's called Sitar Power – it's Saraswati's power."


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Hi Bebynho, how are you doing mate? Could you please change my nick to "Humbug" since I haven't found this optin in-game? thanks!
Goodnight friend. I find it unethical for players who are team members to enforce rules and not follow. as they say in crew recruitment: clean history in this game (had not been banned before for any specific reason). kick "crew'' BR team to put one with 2 bans. So when I see 9 "crew" members 7, they are all banned, 11x banned. This is why many players leave the game, there is no proper administration, there is no ban for no reason. I was discouraged by all this and now I see that many people have "abandoned". Who should set the game makes things worse.
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ID:17525007 Nick : Bakura RUSSIA 1 - SAUDI ARABIA 2 Good luck !!
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Don't Forget to Vaccinate Your Pets This Year
Vaccines reduce the risk of serious illness or death and are essential for your furry friend's good health. Unfortunately, it's easy to forget about vaccinations when your life is hectic. If it's been a while since your pet received its vaccinations, paying a visit to the veterinarian will help you ensure that your dog, cat, or ferret is protected.
How Vaccines Work
Vaccines make it easier for your pet's immune system to recognize and kill germs that cause serious illness and disease. After your pet receives a vaccine, his immune system produces antibodies, proteins that fight the particular bacteria or virus. These proteins destroy germs before they can make your pet sick.
Vaccines ensure that:
- Pets Don't Develop Devastating Illnesses. The vaccines your pet receives offer protection against serious or deadly diseases, like rabies or distemper. Even if an unvaccinated pet survives a disease, it may face lifelong health complications. By preventing illness, vaccinations help your pet enjoy a long, healthy life.
- Your Pet Is Welcome Everywhere. Boarding and grooming facilities may require proof of vaccinations before you can use their services. Your state or municipality might also require pets to be vaccinated against rabies.
- Diseases Don't Spread. Since disease symptoms usually don't appear immediately after exposure, your pet could easily spread the illness to other animals and people long before you're aware that your furry friend is sick. By preventing illness, vaccines also reduce the likelihood of disease outbreaks in your area.
- Young and Old Animals Receive the Protection They Need. Although vaccinations are important for all animals, young and old animals are at increased risk of illness due to their immature or weak immune systems. Vaccinations help them fight illnesses that could kill them.
- You Won't Break Your Budget. Thanks to medical advances, it's now possible to treat illnesses and conditions that would have killed your pet years ago. Although the treatments will help improve quality of life, they can be expensive if your pet develops a chronic condition after suffering an illness. Vaccinations not only protect your pet's health, but also help you avoid costly veterinary bills.
Why It's Important to Follow the Recommended Vaccination Schedule
Most vaccines don't offer lifelong protection. In fact, they may begin to wear off just a year or more after your pet receives them. Luckily, vaccine boosters offer a simple way to provide continuous protection for your pet.
The recommended schedule for vaccines varies depending on the type of vaccine and the laws in your state. Dogs and cats receive the rabies vaccine every one to three years. The vaccine protects your pet from rabies, a disease that's almost always fatal. Rabies is spread to animals and people after contact with an infected animal's saliva, or eyes, nose or mouth.
Although you may associate rabies with dogs, cats are actually diagnosed with the disease more often according to the American Medical Veterinary Association (AVMA). The AVMA believes that may be due to lower vaccination rates for cats, in addition to exposure to rabid animals when cats wander outdoors.
Vaccines for feline and canine distemper, diseases that can cause death, brain damage, and other health complications, are recommended every three years. Ferrets also need distemper and rabies vaccines on a regular basis.
Puppies and kittens receive a series of vaccines several times throughout their first year of life. After the dog or cat turns one, it follows the adult vaccine schedule.
In addition to distemper and rabies vaccines, these core vaccinations are recommended for pets:
- Canine Hepatitis (dogs)
- Parvovirus (dogs)
- Calicivirus (cats)
- Feline Herpesvirus (cats)
Your veterinarian may also recommend certain non-core vaccinations depending on your pet's risk factors and the rate of disease transmission in your area. Non-core vaccinations that might be offered include:
Lyme Disease (dogs)
- Leptospirosis (dogs)
- Parainfluenza (dogs)
- Feline leukemia (cats)
- Bordetella (dogs and cats)
Is your pet due for its vaccinations? Contact our office to make an appointment.
AVMA: Rabies and Your Pet
ASPCA: Vaccinations for Your Pet
WebMD: Pet Vaccines: Schedules for Cats and Dogs, 11/9/2022


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Millions of Americans have had their student loan payments paused for the past year after Congress passed several stimulus bills, allowing the pause on payments with no interest accruing. The pause has allowed many people, like Anna Garcia, to save hundreds of dollars a month and put it towards other needs during this pandemic.
"This past year really tested us in terms of finances," said Garcia.
Garcia owes just over $99,000 in student loan debt. For the past few years, she has paid $250 a month under her repayment plan that's based on her income. Just before the pandemic, her payments were going to nearly double as she moved into a new job role.
"I was looking at making an additional $350 per month as the pandemic was about to start and then they stopped those payment," said Garcia. "So, that actually really saved me."
Garcia put the $600 a month that was earmarked for student loans into saving instead, and after a few months, her fiancé had an idea for that money.
"He just kind of threw it out there like, 'Why don't we just go ahead and start planning the wedding?,'" Garcia recalled.
The couple had been engaged since 2019 but they didn't have a timeline to wed because they didn't have any extra money to put towards it. However, with the $600 savings a month, in addition to their stimulus checks, they could now afford a small wedding.
"Quite frankly, with the coronavirus and all the restrictions, we wanted to keep it small. We wanted to keep it intimate," said Garcia. "So, we saw that opportunity and we just decided to go for it."
The couple got married on November 25, 2020, with just their closest friends and family. The wedding cost them around $8,000, almost exactly what she would've paid this past year in student loan repayment.
"We were able to get everything that we wanted in that wedding and everything came together so beautifully that day," said Garcia.
After the wedding, Garcia has still been putting aside the $600 each month and continues to strategize on how to better use those dollars. She recently decided to invest the money in the stock market to hopefully grow it, and then use it to repay her student loan debt when she has to pay that again.
"Our conversation with money has definitely changed over the past year," she said. "It's not just about saving but making that money work for us."
Student loan debt relief over the past year gave Garcia the opportunity to marry the love of her life and potentially a better shot at paying down her student loan debt faster. For others, it's been a lifeline to buy food or keep the lights on when jobs have been lost and new ones are hard to come by.
The student loan relief has been extended by Congress until at least Sept. 30.


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1. Ability for abstract thinking, analysis and synthesis.
2. Ability to apply knowledge in practical situations.
3. Ability to plan and manage time.
4. Knowledge and understanding of the subject area and understanding of the profession.
5. Ability to communicate both orally and through the written word in native language.
6. Ability to communicate in a second language.
7. Skills in the use of information and communications technologies.
8. Ability to undertake research at an appropriate level.
9. Capacity to learn and stay up-to-date with learning.
10. Ability to search for, process and analyse information from a variety of sources.
11. Ability to be critical and self-critical.
12. Ability to adapt to and act in new situations.
13. Capacity to generate new ideas (creativity).
14. Ability to identify, pose and resolve problems.
15. Ability to make reasoned decisions.
16. Ability to work in a team.
17. Interpersonal and interaction skills.
18. Ability to motivate people and move toward common goals.
19. Ability to communicate with non-experts of one's field.
20. Appreciation of and respect for diversity and multiculturality.
21. Ability to work in an international context.
22. Ability to work autonomously.
23. Ability to design and manage projects.
24. Commitment to safety.
25. Spirit of enterprise, ability to take initiative.
26. Ability to act on the basis of ethical reasoning.
27. Ability to evaluate and maintain the quality of work produced.
28. Determination and perseverance in the tasks given and responsibilities taken.
29. Commitment to the conservation of the environment.
30. Ability to act with social responsibility and civic awareness.
31. Ability to show awareness of equal opportunities and gender issues.


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Heart valve
Heart valve | |
Details | |
System | Cardiovascular |
Identifiers | |
MeSH | D006351 |
Anatomical terminology |
A heart valve is a biological one-way valve that allows blood to flow in one direction through the chambers of the heart. Four valves are usually present in a mammalian heart and together they determine the pathway of blood flow through the heart. A heart valve opens or closes according to differential blood pressure on each side.[1][2][3]
The four valves in the mammalian heart are two atrioventricular valves separating the upper atria from the lower ventricles – the mitral valve in the left heart, and the tricuspid valve in the right heart. The other two valves are at the entrance to the arteries leaving the heart. These are the semilunar valves – the aortic valve at the aorta, and the pulmonary valve at the pulmonary artery.
The heart also has a coronary sinus valve and an inferior vena cava valve, not discussed here.
[edit]The heart valves and the chambers are lined with endocardium. Heart valves separate the atria from the ventricles, or the ventricles from a blood vessel. Heart valves are situated around the fibrous rings of the cardiac skeleton. The valves incorporate flaps called leaflets or cusps, similar to a duckbill valve or flutter valve, which are pushed open to allow blood flow and which then close together to seal and prevent backflow. The mitral valve has two cusps, whereas the others have three. There are nodules at the tips of the cusps that make the seal tighter.
The pulmonary valve has left, right, and anterior cusps.[4] The aortic valve has left, right, and posterior cusps.[5] The tricuspid valve has anterior, posterior, and septal cusps; and the mitral valve has just anterior and posterior cusps.
The valves of the human heart can be grouped in two sets:[6]
- Two atrioventricular valves to prevent backflow of blood from the ventricles into the atria:
- Tricuspid valve or right atrioventricular valve, between the right atrium and right ventricle
- Mitral valve or bicuspid valve, between the left atrium and left ventricle
- Two semilunar valves to prevent the backflow of blood into the ventricle:
- Pulmonary valve, located at the opening between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk
- Aortic valve, located at the opening between the left ventricle and the aorta.
Valve | Number of flaps/cusps | location | prevent backflow of blood |
Atrioventricular valves | 3 (right), 2 (left) | From the ventricles into the atria | |
Tricuspid valve | 3 | between the right atrium and right ventricle. | |
Bicuspid or mitral valve | 2 | between the left atrium and left ventricle. | |
Semilunar valves | 3 (half-moon shaped) flaps | into the ventricle | |
Pulmonary semilunar valve | 3 (half-moon shaped) flaps | at the opening between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk | |
Aortic semilunar valve | 3 (half-moon shaped) flaps | at the opening between the left ventricle and the aorta |
Atrioventricular valves
[edit]The atrioventricular valves are the mitral valve, and the tricuspid valve, which are situated between the atria and the ventricles, and prevent backflow from the ventricles into the atria during systole. They are anchored to the walls of the ventricles by chordae tendineae, which prevent them from inverting.
The chordae tendineae are attached to papillary muscles that cause tension to better hold the valve. Together, the papillary muscles and the chordae tendineae are known as the subvalvular apparatus. The function of the subvalvular apparatus is to keep the valves from prolapsing into the atria when they close.[7] The subvalvular apparatus has no effect on the opening and closure of the valves, however, which is caused entirely by the pressure gradient across the valve. The peculiar insertion of chords on the leaflet free margin, however, provides systolic stress sharing between chords according to their different thickness.[8]
The closure of the AV valves is heard as lub, the first heart sound (S1). The closure of the SL valves is heard as dub, the second heart sound (S2).
The mitral valve is also called the bicuspid valve because it contains two leaflets or cusps. The mitral valve gets its name from the resemblance to a bishop's mitre (a type of hat). It is on the left side of the heart and allows the blood to flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle.
During diastole, a normally-functioning mitral valve opens as a result of increased pressure from the left atrium as it fills with blood (preloading). As atrial pressure increases above that of the left ventricle, the mitral valve opens. Opening facilitates the passive flow of blood into the left ventricle. Diastole ends with atrial contraction, which ejects the final 30% of blood that is transferred from the left atrium to the left ventricle. This amount of blood is known as the end diastolic volume (EDV), and the mitral valve closes at the end of atrial contraction to prevent a reversal of blood flow.
The tricuspid valve has three leaflets or cusps and is on the right side of the heart. It is between the right atrium and the right ventricle, and stops the backflow of blood between the two.
Semilunar valves
[edit]The aortic and pulmonary valves are located at the base of the aorta and the pulmonary trunk respectively. These are also called the "semilunar valves". These two arteries receive blood from the ventricles and their semilunar valves permit blood to be forced into the arteries, and prevent backflow from the arteries into the ventricles. These valves do not have chordae tendineae, and are more similar to the valves in veins than they are to the atrioventricular valves. The closure of the semilunar valves causes the second heart sound.
The aortic valve, which has three cusps, lies between the left ventricle and the aorta. During ventricular systole, pressure rises in the left ventricle and when it is greater than the pressure in the aorta, the aortic valve opens, allowing blood to exit the left ventricle into the aorta. When ventricular systole ends, pressure in the left ventricle rapidly drops and the pressure in the aorta forces the aortic valve to close. The closure of the aortic valve contributes the A2 component of the second heart sound.
The pulmonary valve (sometimes referred to as the pulmonic valve) lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery, and has three cusps. Similar to the aortic valve, the pulmonary valve opens in ventricular systole, when the pressure in the right ventricle rises above the pressure in the pulmonary artery. At the end of ventricular systole, when the pressure in the right ventricle falls rapidly, the pressure in the pulmonary artery will close the pulmonary valve. The closure of the pulmonary valve contributes the P2 component of the second heart sound. The right heart is a low-pressure system, so the P2 component of the second heart sound is usually softer than the A2 component of the second heart sound. However, it is physiologically normal in some young people to hear both components separated during inhalation.
[edit]In the developing heart, the valves between the atria and ventricles, the bicuspid and the tricuspid valves, develop on either side of the atrioventricular canals.[9] The upward extension of the bases of the ventricles causes the canal to become invaginated into the ventricle cavities. The invaginated margins form the rudiments of the lateral cusps of the AV valves. The middle and septal cusps develop from the downward extension of the septum intermedium.
The semilunar valves (the pulmonary and aortic valves) are formed from four thickenings at the cardiac end of the truncus arteriosus.[9] These thickenings are called endocardial cushions.[citation needed] The truncus arteriosus is originally a single outflow tract from the embryonic heart that will later split to become the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk. Before it has split, four thickenings occur. There are anterior, posterior, and two lateral thickenings. A septum begins to form between what will later become the ascending aorta and pulmonary tract. As the septum forms, the two lateral thickenings are split, so that the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk have three thickenings each (an anterior or posterior, and half of each of the lateral thickenings). The thickenings are the origins of the three cusps of the semilunar valves. The valves are visible as unique structures by the ninth week. As they mature, they rotate slightly as the outward vessels spiral, and move slightly closer to the heart.[9]
[edit]In general, the motion of the heart valves is determined using the Navier–Stokes equation, using boundary conditions of the blood pressures, pericardial fluid, and external loading as the constraints. The motion of the heart valves is used as a boundary condition in the Navier–Stokes equation in determining the fluid dynamics of blood ejection from the left and right ventricles into the aorta and the lung.
- Relationship between pressure and flow in open valves
The pressure drop, , across an open heart valve relates to the flow rate, Q, through the valve:
- Inflow energy conserved
- Stagnant region behind leaflets
- Outflow momentum conserved
- Flat velocity profile
- Valves with a single degree of freedom
Usually, the aortic and mitral valves are incorporated in valve studies within a single degree of freedom. These relationships are based on the idea of the valve being a structure with a single degree of freedom. These relationships are based on the Euler equations.
Equations for the aortic valve in this case:
- u = axial velocity
- p = pressure
- A = cross sectional area of valve
- L = axial length of valve
- Λ(t) = single degree of freedom; when
Atrioventricular valve
Clinical significance
[edit]Valvular heart disease is a general term referring to dysfunction of the valves, and is primarily in two forms, either regurgitation, (also insufficiency, or incompetence) where a dysfunctional valve lets blood flow in the wrong direction,[10] or stenosis, when a valve is narrow.[11]
Regurgitation occurs when a valve becomes insufficient and malfunctions, allowing some blood to flow in the wrong direction. This insufficiency can affect any of the valves as in aortic insufficiency, mitral insufficiency, pulmonary insufficiency and tricuspid insufficiency. The other form of valvular heart disease is stenosis, a narrowing of the valve. This is a result of the valve becoming thickened and any of the heart valves can be affected, as in mitral valve stenosis, tricuspid valve stenosis, pulmonary valve stenosis and aortic valve stenosis. Stenosis of the mitral valve is a common complication of rheumatic fever. Inflammation of the valves can be caused by infective endocarditis, usually a bacterial infection but can sometimes be caused by other organisms. Bacteria can more readily attach to damaged valves.[12] Another type of endocarditis which doesn't provoke an inflammatory response, is nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis. This is commonly found on previously undamaged valves.[12] A major valvular heart disease is mitral valve prolapse, which is a weakening of connective tissue called myxomatous degeneration of the valve. This sees the displacement of a thickened mitral valve cusp into the left atrium during systole.[11]
Disease of the heart valves can be congenital, such as aortic regurgitation or acquired, for example infective endocarditis. Different forms are associated with cardiovascular disease, connective tissue disorders and hypertension. The symptoms of the disease will depend on the affected valve, the type of disease, and the severity of the disease. For example, valvular disease of the aortic valve, such as aortic stenosis or aortic regurgitation, may cause breathlessness, whereas valvular diseases of the tricuspid valve may lead to dysfunction of the liver and jaundice. When valvular heart disease results from infectious causes, such as infective endocarditis, an affected person may have a fever and unique signs such as splinter haemorrhages of the nails, Janeway lesions, Osler nodes and Roth spots. A particularly feared complication of valvular disease is the creation of emboli because of turbulent blood flow, and the development of heart failure.[11]
Valvular heart disease is diagnosed by echocardiography, which is a form of ultrasound. Damaged and defective heart valves can be repaired, or replaced with artificial heart valves. Infectious causes may also require treatment with antibiotics.[11]
Congenital heart disease
[edit]The most common form of valvular anomaly is a congenital heart defect (CHD), called a bicuspid aortic valve. This results from the fusing of two of the cusps during embryonic development forming a bicuspid valve instead of a tricuspid valve. This condition is often undiagnosed until calcific aortic stenosis has developed, and this usually happens around ten years earlier than would otherwise develop.[13][14]
Less common CHD's are tricuspid and pulmonary atresia, and Ebstein's anomaly. Tricuspid atresia is the complete absence of the tricuspid valve which can lead to an underdeveloped or absent right ventricle. Pulmonary atresia is the complete closure of the pulmonary valve. Ebstein's anomaly is the displacement of the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve causing a larger atrium and a smaller ventricle than normal.
[edit]This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2014) |
Function of heart valves
[edit]This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)
- ^ "Heart Valves". American Heart Association, Inc – 10000056 Heart and Stroke Encyclopedia. American Heart Association, Inc. Retrieved 2010-08-05.
- ^ Klabunde, RE (2009-07-02). "Pressure Gradients". Cardiovascular Physiology Concepts. Richard E. Klabunde. Archived from the original on 2015-04-16. Retrieved 2010-08-06.
- ^ Klabunde, RE (2007-04-05). "Cardiac Valve Disease". Cardiovascular Physiology Concepts. Richard E. Klabunde. Retrieved 2010-08-06.
- ^ Anatomy photo:20:21-0102 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center – "Heart: The Pulmonic Valve"
- ^ Anatomy photo:20:29-0104 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center – "Heart: The Aortic Valve and Aortic Sinuses"
- ^ Curtis, M. J. (1992-07-01). "The Heart and Cardiovascular System". Cardiovascular Research. 26 (7): 720b. doi:10.1093/cvr/26.7.720b. ISSN 0008-6363.
- ^ Krawczyk-Ożóg, A; Hołda, MK; Bolechała, F; Siudak, Z; Sorysz, D; Dudek, D; Klimek-Piotrowska, W (May 2018). "Anatomy of the mitral subvalvular apparatus". The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 155 (5): 2002–2010. doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.12.061. PMID 29397976. S2CID 4870179.
- ^ S Nazari et al.: Patterns Of Systolic Stress Distribution On Mitral Valve Anterior Leaflet Chordal Apparatus. A Structural Mechanical Theoretical Analysis. J Cardiovasc Surg (Turin) 2000 Apr;41(2):193–202 (video)
- ^ a b c Schoenwolf, Gary C.; et al. (2009). "Development of the Urogenital system". Larsen's human embryology (4th ed.). Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. pp. 177–79. ISBN 978-0-443-06811-9.
- ^ "An Overview of Heart Valve Disease". WebMD. Retrieved 9 May 2021.
- ^ a b c d Britton, the editors Nicki R. Colledge, Brian R. Walker, Stuart H. Ralston; illustrated by Robert (2010). Davidson's principles and practice of medicine (21st ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. pp. 612–28. ISBN 978-0-7020-3085-7.
{{cite book}}
has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b Mitchell RS, Kumar V, Robbins SL, Abbas AK, Fausto N (2007). Robbins Basic Pathology (8th ed.). Saunders/Elsevier. pp. 406–08. ISBN 978-1-4160-2973-1.
- ^ Bertazzo, S. et al. Nano-analytical electron microscopy reveals fundamental insights into human cardiovascular tissue calcification. Nature Materials 12, 576–83 (2013).
- ^ Miller, J. D. Cardiovascular calcification: Orbicular origins. Nature Materials 12, 476–78 (2013).