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Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland in the brain. It helps regulate other hormones and maintains the body's circadian rhythm. The circadian rhythm is an internal 24-hour "clock" that plays a critical role in when we fall asleep and when we wake up. When it is dark, your body produces more melatonin. When it is light, the production of melatonin drops. Being exposed to bright lights in the evening, or too little light during the day, can disrupt the body's normal melatonin cycles. For example, jet lag, shift work, and poor vision can disrupt melatonin cycles.
Melatonin also helps control the timing and release of female reproductive hormones. It helps determine when a woman starts to menstruate, the frequency and duration of menstrual cycles, and when a woman stops menstruating (menopause). Preliminary research suggests low levels of melatonin help identify women at risk of a pregnancy complication called pre-eclampsia.
Some researchers also believe that melatonin levels may be related to aging. For example, young children have the highest levels of nighttime melatonin. Researchers believe these levels drop as we age. Some people think lower levels of melatonin may explain why some older adults have sleep problems and tend to go to bed and wake up earlier than when they were younger. However, newer research calls this theory into question.
Melatonin has strong antioxidant effects. Preliminary evidence suggests that it may help strengthen the immune system.
If you are considering using melatonin supplements, talk to your doctor first.
InsomniaStudies suggest that melatonin supplements may help people with disrupted circadian rhythms (such as people with jet lag or those who work the night shift), and those with low melatonin levels (such as some seniors and people with schizophrenia) to sleep better. A review of the scientific literature suggests that melatonin supplements may help prevent jet lag, particularly in people who cross 5 or more time zones.
A few clinical studies suggest that, when taken for short periods of time (days to weeks), melatonin is more effective than a placebo in reducing the time it takes to fall asleep, increasing the number of sleeping hours, and boosting daytime alertness. It is not clear how well melatonin works, however. Some studies suggest that it only reduces the amount of time to fall asleep by a few minutes.
Several human studies have measured the effects of melatonin supplements on sleep in healthy people. A wide range of doses has been used, often taken by mouth 30 to 60 minutes prior to sleep time. Results have been mixed. Some evidence suggests that melatonin may work best for people over 55 who have insomnia. One study of 334 people aged 55 and older found that sustained-release melatonin seemed to help people with primary insomnia fall asleep faster, sleep better, be more alert in the morning, and improve quality of life in people with primary insomnia.
Heart DiseaseSeveral studies show melatonin has cardioprotective properties, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Research also suggests that melatonin may help lower blood pressure levels and improve cholesterol profiles. More research is needed.
MenopauseMelatonin supplements may improve sleep problems associated with menopause. Other studies suggest it may help restore quality of life and prevent bone loss among perimenopausal women. However, it does not appear to relieve other symptoms of menopause, such as hot flashes. Peri- or postmenopausal women who use melatonin supplements should do so only for a short period of time since long-term effects are not known.
Benzodiazepine WithdrawalSome research suggests that melatonin may help elderly people with insomnia who are tapering off or stopping benzodiazepines such as diazepam (Valium), alprazolam (Xanax), or lorazepam (Ativan). Taking controlled-release melatonin improved sleep quality in those stopping benzodiazepine use. More research is needed. You should never combine melatonin with sedative medications unless you are under the strict supervision of a health care provider.
Breast CancerSeveral studies suggest that low melatonin levels may be associated with breast cancer risk. For example, women with breast cancer tend to have lower levels of melatonin than those without the disease. Laboratory experiments have found that low levels of melatonin stimulate the growth of certain types of breast cancer cells, while adding melatonin to these cells slows their growth. Preliminary evidence also suggests that melatonin may strengthen the effects of some chemotherapy drugs used to treat breast cancer. In a study that included a small number of women with breast cancer, melatonin (given 7 days before beginning chemotherapy) prevented the lowering of platelets in the blood. This is a common complication of chemotherapy that can lead to bleeding.
In another small study of women who were taking tamoxifen for breast cancer but seeing no improvement, adding melatonin caused tumors to modestly shrink in more than 28% of the women. Women with breast cancer should ask their doctors before taking melatonin.
Prostate CancerStudies show that men with prostate cancer have lower melatonin levels than men without the disease. In test tube studies, melatonin blocks the growth of prostate cancer cells. In one small-scale study, melatonin, combined with conventional medical treatment, improved survival rates in 9 out of 14 men with metastatic prostate cancer. Interestingly, since meditation may cause melatonin levels to rise it appears to be a valuable addition to the treatment of prostate cancer. More research is needed before doctors can make recommendations in this area. Men with prostate cancer should talk to their doctor before taking medication.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and AutismSome evidence suggests that melatonin may help promote sleep in children with ADHD or autism, although it does not seem to improve the behavioral symptoms of ADHD or autism.
Fibromyalgia and Chronic PainA randomized, placebo-controlled study found that people with fibromyalgia experienced a significant reduction in their symptoms when they took a melatonin supplement either alone or in conjunction with fluoxetine (Prozac). Other studies suggest that melatonin may play a role in other painful conditions, such as migraines. People with chronic pain should speak to their physicians before using melatonin as it can interact with some medications.
Other Uses- Sunburn. Preliminary studies suggest that gels, lotions, or ointments containing melatonin may protect against sunburn and other skin damage. Studies examined using melatonin alone or combined with topical vitamin E prior to UV light exposure from the sun.
- Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Preliminary research suggests that people with IBS who take melatonin reduce some symptoms, such as abdominal pain. Results are mixed as to whether melatonin may help improve other symptoms, such as bloating and frequency of bowel movements.
- Epilepsy. Some studies suggest melatonin may reduce the frequency and duration of seizures in children with epilepsy, but other studies suggest melatonin may increase the frequency of seizures. DO NOT take melatonin for epilepsy, or give it to a child, without talking to your doctor first.
- Sarcoidosis. Some researchers suggest that melatonin may be effective in the treatment of pulmonary sarcoidosis. Talk to your doctor.
- Assisted Reproduction. Interestingly, preliminary studies suggest melatonin supplementation in the eggs of women with polycystic ovarian syndrome could improve egg maturation and pregnancy rates.
- Other Uses. Preliminary evidence suggests that melatonin may play a role in pain modulation and digestive function. More research is needed.
Available Forms
Melatonin is available as tablets, capsules, cream, and lozenges that dissolve under the tongue.
How to Take It
There is currently no recommended dose for melatonin supplements. Different people will have different responses to its effects. Lower doses appear to work better in people who are especially sensitive. Higher doses may cause anxiety and irritability.
The best approach for any condition is to begin with very low doses of melatonin. Keep the dose close to the amount that our bodies normally produce (< 0.3 mg per day). You should only use the lowest amount possible to achieve the desired effect. Your doctor can help you determine the most appropriate dose for your situation, including how to increase the amount, if needed.
- Always ask your child's doctor before giving melatonin to a child. In fact, doses between 1 to 5 mg may cause seizures in this age group.
- You should work with your doctor to find the safest and most effective dose for you. The right dose for you should produce restful sleep with no daytime irritability or fatigue.
- Jet lag: 0.5 to 5 mg of melatonin 1 hour prior to bedtime at final destination has been used in several studies. Another approach that has been used is 1 to 5 mg 1 hour before bedtime for 2 days prior to departure and for 2 to 3 days upon arrival at final destination.
Because of the potential for side effects and interactions with medications, people should take dietary supplements only under the supervision of a knowledgeable health care provider.
Some people may have vivid dreams or nightmares when they take melatonin. Taking too much melatonin may disrupt circadian rhythms (your "body clock").
Melatonin can cause drowsiness if taken during the day. If you are drowsy the morning after taking melatonin, try taking a lower dose.
Additional side effects include stomach cramps, dizziness, headache, irritability, decreased libido, breast enlargement in men (called gynecomastia), and reduced sperm count.
Pregnant or nursing women should not take melatonin because it could interfere with their fertility, or their pregnancy.
Melatonin is a hormone so patients with a history of hormonal-related issues should only use melatonin under the supervision of their physicians.
Some studies show that melatonin supplements worsened symptoms of depression. For this reason, people with depression should consult their doctor before using melatonin supplements.
Although many researchers believe that melatonin levels go down with age, newer evidence has brought this theory into question. People older than 65 should ask their doctor before taking melatonin supplements, so blood levels of this hormone can be monitored.
Possible Interactions
If you are taking prescription medications, you should not use melatonin without first discussing it with your health care provider. Below is a partial list of medications that may interact with melatonin.
Antidepressant medications. In an animal study, melatonin supplements reduced the antidepressant effects of desipramine and fluoxetine (Prozac). More research is needed to know if the same thing would happen in people. In addition, fluoxetine (a member of a class of drugs called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or SSRIs) can cause low levels of melatonin in people.
Antipsychotic medications. A common side effect of antipsychotic medications used to treat schizophrenia is a condition called tardive dyskinesia, which causes involuntary movements. In a study of 22 people with schizophrenia and tardive dyskinesia caused by antipsychotic medications, those who took melatonin supplements had fewer symptoms compared to those who did not take the supplements.
Benzodiazepines. The combination of melatonin and triazolam (Halcion) improved sleep quality in one study. In addition, a few reports have suggested that melatonin supplements may help people stop using long-term benzodiazepine therapy. (Benzodiazepines are habit forming.)
Birth control pills. Birth control pills may increase the amount of melatonin your body makes. Taking additional melatonin could increase your levels of melatonin above the healthy range.
Blood pressure medications. Melatonin may make blood pressure medications like methoxamine (Vasoxyl) and clonidine (Catopres) less effective. In addition, medications in a class called calcium channel blockers may lower melatonin levels. Calcium channel blockers include:
- Nifedipine (Procardia)
- Amlodipine (Norvasc)
- Verapamil (Calan, Isoptin)
- Diltiazem (Cardizem)
- Felodipine (Plendil)
- Nisoldipine (Sular)
- Bepridil (Vascor)
Beta-blockers. Use of beta-blockers may lower melatonin levels in the body. Beta-blockers include:
- Acebutolol (Sectral)
- Atenolol (Tenormin)
- Bisoprolol (Zebeta)
- Carteolol (Cartrol)
- Metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL)
- Nadolol (Corgard)
- Propranolol (Inderal)
Blood-thinning medications (anticoagulants). Melatonin may increase the risk of bleeding from anticoagulant medications such as warfarin (Coumadin).
Interleukin-2. In one study of 80 cancer patients, use of melatonin along with interleukin-2 led to more tumor regression and better survival rates than treatment with interleukin-2 alone.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). NSAIDs such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) may lower levels of melatonin in the blood.
Steroids and immunosuppressant medications. Melatonin may cause these medication to lose their effectiveness. DO NOT take melatonin with corticosteroids or other medications used to suppress the immune system.
Tamoxifen. Preliminary research suggests that the combination of tamoxifen (a chemotherapy drug) and melatonin may benefit some people with breast and other cancers. More research is needed to confirm these results.
Other. Caffeine, tobacco, and alcohol can all lower levels of melatonin in the body.
Supporting Research
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Eck-Enriquez K, Kiefer TL, Spriggs LL, Hill SM. Pathways through which a regimen of melatonin and retinoic acid induces apoptosis in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2000;61(3):229-39.
Gordon N. The therapeutics of melatonin: a paediatric perspective. Brain Dev. 2000;22(4):213-7.
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Jacobson JS, Workman SB, Kronenberg F. Research on complementary/alternative medicine for patients with breast cancer: a review of the biomedical literature. J Clin Onc. 2000;18(3):668-83.
Kaneko S, Okumura K, Numaguchi Y, Matsui H, Murase K, Mokuno S, et al. Melatonin scavenges hydroxyl radical and protects isolated rat hearts from ischemic reperfusion injury. Life Sciences. 2000;67(2):101-12.
Kim MK, Park EA, Kim HJ, et al. Does supplementation of in-vitro culture medium with melatonin improve IVF outcome in PCOS? Reprod Biomed Online. 2013;26(1):22-9.
Kotlarczyk MP, Lassila HC, O'Neil CK, et al. Melatonin osteoporosis prevention study (MOPS): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study examining the effects of melatonin on bone health and quality of life in perimenopausal women. J Pineal Res. 2012;52(4):414-26.
Kunz D, Mahlberg R. A two-part, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of exogenous melatonin in REM sleep behaviour disorder. J Sleep Res. 2010;19(4):591-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2010.00848.x.
Lagneux C, Joyeux M, Demenge P, Ribuot C, Godin-Ribuot D. Protective effects of melatonin against ischemia-reperfusion injury in the isolated rat heart. Life Sciences. 2000;66(6):503-9.
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Review Date: 2/3/2016
Reviewed By: Steven D. Ehrlich, NMD, Solutions Acupuncture, a private practice specializing in complementary and alternative medicine, Phoenix, AZ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.


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As the slowest moving planet and the chief signification for longevity, Saturn is a barren, binding, cold, dry, hard, defensive and secretive planet. Its effects and influences are felt with greater intensity and for longer periods than any other planet. Saturn is considered to be very favourable for people born in the signs owned by Venus, whereas Saturn is evil to those born in the signs owned by Mercury.
The astrological thesis of Lal Kitab describes Saturn as a serpent, whose head or mouth is Rahu and Ketu is its tail. If ketu is posited in earlier houses than Saturn, the latter becomes a great benefic for the native. However, if the position is otherwise, the Saturn throws highest poisonous results on the native. Further, Saturn never gives malefic effects if posited in houses of Jupiter i.e. 2, 5, 9 or 12, whereas Jupiter provides bad results if posited in the house of Saturn.
Saturn is considered good in houses 2nd , 3rd and 7th to 12th, whereas 1st, 4th, 5th and 6th houses are bad for Saturn. Sun, Moon and Mars are its enemies, Venus, Mercury and Rahu are friends and Jupiter and Ketu are neutral to it. Saturn gets exalted in 7th house and the 1st house is the house of its debilitation. Venus and Jupiter placed together act like Saturn in that house. Similarly Mars and Mercury placed in a single house act like Saturn in that house. In the former case Saturn behaves like Ketu, while in the latter case it behaves like Rahu.
Venus gets destroyed if Saturn is being aspected by the Sun in any horoscope. The aspect of Venus on Saturn causes loss of money and wealth, but the aspect of Saturn on Venus proves highly beneficial. Collision of Saturn and Moon causes operation of the eyes of the native. Saturn gives good results if posited in house earlier than Sun.
Saturn can never give malefic results if posited with Sun or Jupiter in a single house, but highly adverse results would follow if posited with Moon or Mars in any house. Saturn releases its poisonous results on the sign and Mars, if it is posited in 1st house, on Mars only if posited in 3rd house, on moon if posited in 4th house, on sun if posited in 5th house, and on Mars in posited in 3rd house. The position of Saturn in the 3rd house deprive the native from wealth accumulation. On the other hand if Saturn is posited in the 5th house, while the 10th house is empty then that can lead to trouble for their children. It becomes highly benefic in 12th house if friendly planets are posited in 2nd house. Saturn provides very good results if placed in houses 1 to 7 on the condition that 10th house is empty. Saturn in 1st house and sun in 7th, 10th or 11th houses causes all sorts of troubles for native's wife. Combination of Mars and Saturn gives adverse results all through.
Saturn in 1st house
1st house is influenced by Sun and Mars. Saturn in 1st house will give good results only when 3rd, 7th or 10th houses are not inhabited by any planet which is inimical to Saturn. If Mercury or Venus, Rahu or Ketu is in 7th house, Saturn will always give good results. In case Saturn is malefic and the native has a hairy body, the native will remain poor. If native celebrates his birthday it will give very bad results However the native will have a long life.
(1) Abstinence from alcohol and non-vegetarian meals.
(2) Burying Surma in the ground will be beneficial for promotion in service and business.
(3) Serving monkey will lead to prosperity.
(4) Offering sweet milk to the roots of a banyan tree will give good results as regards education and health.
Saturn in 2th house
The native will be wise, kind and just. He will enjoy wealth and will be of religious temperament. However, whether Saturn is benefic or malefic in this house, it will be decided by the planets placed in 8th house. The state of finance of the native will be decided by 7th house, the number of male members in the family by 6th house and age by 8th house. When Saturn is malefic in this house, after the native's marriage his in laws will face problems.
(1) Going barefoot to temple for forty three days.
(2) Putting a tilak of curd or milk on the forehead.
(3) Offering milk to snake.
Saturn in 3th house
In this house Saturn gives good results. This house is the pukka Ghar of Mars. When Ketu aspects this house or is placed here Saturn will give very good results. The native will be healthy, wise and very intuitive. If the native is wealthy he will have few male members in the family and vice versa. As long as the native abstains from wine and non-vegetarianism, he will enjoy a long and healthy life.
(1) Serve three dogs.
(2) Distributing medicines for eyes free.
(3) Keeping a dark room in the house will prove highly beneficial.
Saturn in 4th house
This house belongs to Moon. So it will give mixed results in this house. The native will be devoted to his parents and will be of loving nature. Whenever the native is suffering from bad health, the use of things associated with Saturn will give good results. In native's family some one will be associated with medical profession.
When Saturn is malefic in this house drinking wine, killing of snakes and laying the foundation of the house at night will give very bad results. Drinking milk in the night will also give bad results.
(1) Offering milk to snake and offering milk or rice to crow or buffalo.
(2) Pouring milk in the well.
(3) Pouring rum in running water.
Saturn in 5th house
This house belongs to Sun, which is inimical to Saturn. The native will be proud. He should not construct a house till 48 years, otherwise his son will suffer. He should live in the house bought or constructed by his son. He should keep articles of Jupiter and Mars in his ancestral house for welfare of his children. If the native has hairy body, he will be dishonest.
(1) Distributing salty things while celebrating son's birthday.
(2) Offering almonds in the temple and bringing and keeping half of it in the house.
Saturn in 6th house
If the work related to Saturn is done at night it will always give beneficial results. When marriage takes place after 28 years it will produce good results. when Ketu is well placed the native will enjoy wealth, profitable journey and happiness from children. when Saturn is malefic bringing things associated with Saturn, like leather and things of iron, will give bad results, especially when Saturn is in 6th house in varshaphal
(1) Serving a black dog and offering meals to it.
(2) Offering coconut and almonds in the running water.
(3) Serving snakes will prove advantageous for the welfare of children.
Saturn in 7th house
This house is influenced by Mercury and Venus, both friends of Saturn. so this planet gives very good results in this house. The professions associated with Saturn, like machinery and iron, will be very profitable. If the native maintains good relation with his wife, he will be rich and prosperous, will enjoy a long life and good health. If Jupiter is in 1st house, there will be gain from government.
Saturn becomes malefic if the native commits adultery and drinks wine. If the native gets married after 22 years his eyesight will be affected adversely.
(1) Bury a flute filled with sugar in a deserted place.
(2) Serving black cow.
Saturn in 8th house
In 8th house no planet is considered auspicious. The native has a long life, but his father's life span is short and native's brothers turn out to be his foes. This house is considered headquarter of Saturn, but it will give bad result if Mercury, Rahu and Ketu are malefic in the native's horoscope.
(1) Keeping a square piece of silver.
(2) Putting milk in water and sitting on a stone or wood while taking bath.
Saturn in 9th house
Native will have three houses. He will be a successful tour operator or civil engineer. He will enjoy a long and happy life and parents also will have a happy life. Maintaining three generations will protect from the bad effects of Saturn. if the native is helpful to others Saturn will always give good results. The native will have a son, though he will be born late.
(1) Offering rice or almonds in running water.
(2) Work associated with Jupiter (gold, kesar) and Moon (silver, cloth) will give good results.
Saturn in 10th house
This is Saturn's own house, where it will give good results. The native will enjoy wealth and property as long as he does not get a house constructed. Native will be ambitious and enjoy favours from government. The native should behave with shrewdness and should do his work while sitting at one place; only then he will enjoy the benefits of Saturn.
(1) Going to temple.
(2) Abstinence from meat, wine and eggs.
(3) Offering food to ten blind people.
Saturn in 11th house
Native's fate will be decided at the age of forty eight years. The native will never remain childless. Native will earn money by shrewdness and deceit. Saturn will give good or bad results according to the position of Rahu and Ketu
(1) Before going for an important work place a vessel filled with water and drop oil or wine on earth for forty three days.
(2) Abstinence from drinking and maintaing good moral character.
Saturn in 12th house
Saturn gives good results in this house. Native will not have enemies. He will have many houses. His family and business will increase. He will be very rich. However Saturn will become malefic if the native starts drinking wine and becomes non-vegetarian, or if the dark room in the house is illuminated.
(1)Tying twelve almonds in a black cloth and placing it in a iron pot and keeping it in a dark room will give good results.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
working days
Satisfaction guarantee
We offer a satisfaction guarantee
for all ifolor products. If there is a
design or manufacturing defect in
the product you have ordered, or
if it is damaged during transport,
you will receive a replacement
product of the same quality.
Give your photo canvas the right frame – with the new floater frame. Unique effect guaranteed. The new floater frame is available for all canvas sizes either in black and white – also as a set of three in 40x60 cm. It is incredibly easy to mount the floater frame: you position your canvas to fit the real wooden frame exactly using the supplied spacers. Then you simply fix the frame using the supplied screws – ready! The gap between the canvas and frame, the shadow gap, makes the photo canvas look bigger and 3D. A real eye-catcher for your home!
The floater frame is a special real wood frame that goes superbly with the photo canvas you created. While the floater frame used to be a classic for oil paintings, it can be used really simply for modern photo canvases today. The floater frame doesn't have any glass panes at all which is why your picture looks even more impressive. A real eye-catcher for your four walls!
Available in black or white, the floater fame gives your photo canvases a unique effect. The tray, i.e. the distance between the canvas and frame, ensures that the whole photo canvas looks larger and 3D. The resulting shadow also gives your photo canvas a visual framing effect.
Do you already have a photo canvas at home that doesn't really stand out from the frame though? Then simply give it an elegant touch with the classy floater frame from ifolor. Order the right floater frame for the photo canvas you already have from ifolor here. The floater frame is available for all our canvas sizes.
Alternatively you can create a photo canvas first and then order the floater frame straight away in the right size at the end of the order process.
Wood origin: Pine wood from Chile
Fold the supplied cardboard edges.
Place the photo canvas on the cardboard edges picture side down. Put the floater frame down on it and press.
Now screw the frame onto the photo canvas using the supplied screws. Attach also the mounting part symmetrically into the frame with screws.


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2021 is greeting us with a surge of new constructions, especially condos. With the promise of amenities like swimming pools, a communal clubhouse, and done-for-you landscaping, buying a new condo attracts many eager buyers.
Are you thinking about making an offer on a new condo construction? Read this article to find out some helpful tips.
New Condo Construction Requirements
It's possible that the lender will require that the entire complex is completed before you get approved for a mortgage. However, for large complexes that are completed in phases, it may be enough that the most recent construction phase is complete.
Completeness is measured by the governing documents set up by the builder, so it's not enough for the building to "appear complete."
Although it may seem like a hassle, these construction-completion requirements are for your protection. Mortgage investors like Fannie Mae, the FHA, and the VA want to ensure that the property is safe and move-in ready.
There are additional guidelines for financing new or pre-constructed condos since it's considered is a higher risk to lenders. Because of this, you'll want to start working with a trusted mortgage professional right from the start.
Helpful Tips for Buying a New Construction Condo
Schedule A Pricing Will Be The Lowest
Schedule A pricing is typically the lowest pricing available to the public. At this point, the developers have already hit significant milestones and have shown progress, which affords more flexibility on pricing.
The Developer's Rep Matters
This is where it might be safer to buy from a well-known and publicly-traded developer rather than a small-time one. Should you end up in court from shady dealings with the developer, a larger one will have much more to lose from a tarnished reputation. However, a smaller developer will have an easier time dissolving their LLC and fleeing with the money.
Expect Delays
Delays are inevitable in construction. Don't put yourself in a desperate position by selling your former home, and expect to move into your condo on the estimated completion date. Sometimes the delays can be a few months but waiting a few years past the estimated date isn't unheard of.
Negotiate an "Outside Date"
Have an attorney negotiate an "outside date" into your contract, which allows you to cancel the purchase contract if construction isn't completed by a specific date. That way, if construction is exceptionally delayed, you can cancel the contract and get your deposit back.
Be Aware of Additional Fees
A typical down payment on a new condo is roughly 3% –20% of the purchase price, and it depends on the type of loan. However, when purchasing a pre-constructed condo, the builder will also require a deposit.
The developer may also add other expenses, such as the complex's insurance costs for its first year or the attorneys' fees to prepare your pre-construction contract. Be aware of these fees before signing on the dotted line.
Despite the intricacies, buying a new or pre-construction condo is still an attractive investment. The cost will be much lower when you purchase in advance, and developers are often eager to negotiate fees with early buyers. Need more answers? Give us a call, and we'll walk you through the process of buying new construction --whether it's a condo or a single-family home!


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Custom Logging with Laravel and Monolog
By Eric Antoine ScuccimarraLaravel comes with Monolog which it uses to log application exceptions and such. The need arose recently to log other information to text files, specifically searches performed by users. I tried logging this to the database but the table grew very quickly and performance suffered as a result.
So I decided to log to text files, which I can then process when reporting is needed. It would be relatively easy to use PHP file operations to open and append to a text file, but I decided to try to stick to using Monolog. Most of the information I was able to find online about how to do this involved overwriting Laravel's Logging Configuration classes to allow different types of data to be written to different log files, but it seemed like an awful lot of code to do something that should be relatively simple. After more searching I found a method that uses 4 lines of code and works perfectly:
$logPath = [path to log file] $orderLog = new Logger('searches'); $orderLog->pushHandler(new StreamHandler($logPath), Logger::INFO); $orderLog->info('Search : ', $data);
By including the date in the $logPath as part of the file name I can automatically rotate the logs and write to whatever location I choose to. The $data variable needs to be an array and is encoded to JSON and written to the log. The parameter passed into the new Logger() is the channel written to the log.
The only thing I have not yet been able to customize is the Priority - in this case "Info." For my purposes this isn't really necessary and could be ommitted, but having it doesn't have any downsides so I don't know if it's worth the trouble of figuring out how to remove it.


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'Fingerprinting' method tracks mercury emissions from coal
(PhysOrg.com) -- University of Michigan researchers have developed a new tool that uses natural "fingerprints" in coal to track down sources of mercury polluting the environment. The research is published in today's online issue of the journal Environmental Science & Technology.
Mercury is a naturally occurring element, but some 2000 tons of it enter the environment each year from human-generated sources such as incinerators, chlorine-producing plants and coal-burning power plants. Mercury is deposited onto land or into water, where microorganisms convert some of it to methylmercury, a highly toxic form that builds up in fish and the animals that eat them. In wildlife, exposure to methylmercury can interfere with reproduction, growth, development and behavior and may even cause death.
Effects on humans include damage to the central nervous system, heart and immune system. The developing brains of young and unborn children are especially vulnerable.
"There has been a lot of controversy about how much mercury is coming from different types of industrial activities, compared to natural sources, but it has been difficult to figure out the relative contributions," said co-author Joel Blum, the John D. MacArthur Professor of Geological Sciences and a professor of ecology and evolutionary biology. "And even if you can determine how much of it is coming from natural versus human sources, there's still the question of how much is from global sources, such as coal-fired power plants overseas, and how much is being produced and deposited locally."
For the past eight years, Blum and co-workers have been trying to develop a way of reading mercury fingerprints in coal and other sources of mercury. The hope was that they could then find those same fingerprints in soil and water bodies, much as a detective matches a suspect's fingerprints to those found at a crime scene, and use them to figure out exactly what the sources of mercury pollution are in certain areas.
"For some time, we weren't sure that it was going to be technically possible, but now we've cracked that nut and have shown significant differences not only between mercury from coal and, say, metallic forms of mercury that are used in industry, but also between different coal deposits," Blum said.
The fingerprinting technique relies on a natural phenomenon called isotopic fractionation, in which different isotopes (atoms with different numbers of neutrons) of mercury react to form new compounds at slightly different rates. In one type of isotopic fractionation, mass-dependent fractionation (MDF), the differing rates depend on the masses of the isotopes. In mass-independent fractionation (MIF), the behavior of the isotopes depends not on their absolute masses but on whether their masses are odd or even. Combining mass-dependent and mass-independent isotope signals, the researchers created a powerful fingerprinting tool.
Previously, Blum and coworkers investigated the possibility of using the method to identify sources of mercury contamination in fish. The coal project was more challenging because of the difficulty of extracting and concentrating mercury from coal. The researchers developed a system that slowly burns the coal under controlled conditions in a series of furnaces and then traps the mercury that is released.
More work is needed to perfect the fingerprinting technique, but Blum envisions using it in a number of ways to track mercury and assess its environmental effects.
"Coal-burning plants are being built in China at an alarming rate—something like two per week—and the amount of mercury emitted to the atmosphere is increasing dramatically. We think we may be able to detect mercury coming from specific regions in China and watch it as it's transported and re-deposited around the globe," Blum said.
Closer to home, a number of coal-burning power plants have been proposed for construction in Michigan, and one question that arises during the permitting process is how much mercury may end up in nearby lakes and wetlands.
"Scientists have models and other ways of estimating how much mercury will be deposited locally, but we may, for the first time, be able to directly differentiate between mercury coming from local plants and mercury that has been transported longer distances."
In a project already underway, Blum's research group hopes to pinpoint which of the many mercury sources in the San Francisco Bay area are contributing most to the contamination of fish and wildlife.
"We don't know whether particular sources of mercury are more biologically available than others and thus more likely to accumulate in animals," Blum said. "If we can figure that out, then we can help local agencies decide where efforts will be most productive in terms of preventing wildlife from being exposed to mercury."
A major influence on Blum's research path into mercury isotopes was Clair Patterson, a famous geochemist on the faculty at Caltech when Blum was a graduate student there. Patterson developed and applied the lead isotopic fingerprinting technique to show the world that unhealthy levels of lead in humans could be traced to lead additives in gasoline. His work ultimately led to the removal of lead from gasoline in the U.S.
"The approach we are taking is similar to what Patterson did with lead isotopes, except the isotopic differences in mercury are about 50 times smaller," Blum said. "If we can do a tenth of what he did, in terms of alerting people to where mercury is coming from and how people are being exposed, I'll be thrilled."
Blum's coauthors on the Environmental Science & Technology paper are two former postdoctoral fellows, Abir Biswas and Bridget Bergquist; Gerald Keeler, director of the U-M Air Quality Laboratory; and Zhouqing Xie of the University of Science and Technology of China. The researchers received funding from the National Science Foundation, the University of Michigan and Sigma Xi.
Source: University of Michigan


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From the Seattle P.I. :If this were true, would you be interested in a second-hand team? Would your desperation to land a basketball team outweigh the guilt of stealing another team? After the way Stern treated this city, could you stifle your pride and play NBA musical chairs?
George Maloof, the owner of the Sacramento Kings, denied last week that the team is considering a move to Seattle. Sports Illustrated reported on its website that Maloof met with former Sonics minority owner Wally Walker and others recently.
Maloof told SI.com that the meeting in Seattle was to discuss the hurdles Sonics ownership faced in securing a new arena. Owner Clay Bennett moved the Sonics to Oklahoma City in 2008 after he was unable to secure an arena deal to his liking in Seattle.
"It had nothing to do with us moving the team," Maloof told SI.com. "It was more of a meeting to understand what their experience was as it relates to what we could do in Sacramento because it's very difficult to build arenas anywhere. That was basically the meeting."
As much as I miss the Sonics, I'd sooner eat Jack Sikma's socks than screw over a community like Sacramento, that was once one of the best basketball towns in the country. As much as I enjoyed watching the Sonics kick their asses in the playoffs a few years back, no city deserves to go through what we did.


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If you've ever driven south into Kansas on Interstate 35, past rolling prairies and wheat fields, eventually you'll run into the town of Emporia, population 25,000 and home to the National Teachers Hall of Fame.
I took that drive recently, curious about what I would find but also wondering, why Emporia?
"Why not Emporia?" asks Jennifer Baldwin, the administrative assistant of the National Teachers Hall of Fame.
Baldwin, a native of Emporia, says that back in 1989 members of the local school board, chamber of commerce and Emporia State University got together and asked, "Why doesn't anybody honor the nation's best teachers?" They decided they would they would do it themselves, by launching a little program honoring the top five teachers who applied every year. To date, 130 have been inducted.
Their names and faces are engraved on a series of pedestals in the middle of a room that once housed a TV studio on the Emporia State campus. The rest of the cavernous space holds classroom relics of a by-gone era: decades-old typewriters, ditto machines, toys, textbooks and curriculum guides, some dating back to 1630.
"We like to have people walk in and maybe take a step back in time," says
Carol Strickland, the curator.
Strickland is a former high school teacher who was inducted into the National Teachers Hall of Fame in 2003. Today, she and Jennifer Baldwin run the place and love showing of the exhibits.
A "dunce cap" and a wooden paddle catch my eye. "Yeah, the 'board of education,' " says Baldwin.
She rifles through a few more boxes and pulls out a handful of floppy disks. Baldwin says visitors, especially those under 20 have no idea what they are when the see them. For the younger kids, lots of things in the museum are simply unrecognizable, she says, like the typewriters.
"How do you use this?" they ask. "Where's the monitor?" "Where's spell check?"
When Baldwin tells them that the chalkboard was the very first iPad, "they just look at you like you're insane."
Up against another wall are miniature replicas of a one-room school, a "common school" and a Freedmen's Bureau School, created by former slaves and northern missionaries during the Civil War. There's also a replica of a school just for women.
"The first classrooms designed for women taught you how to be a good wife," says Baldwin. "Seriously, just to be a good wife."
The history and memorabilia are fascinating. But Strickland says it's the teachers who are honored here every year that make this museum a living tribute to a profession that often goes unrecognized and unappreciated.
Among its most famous inductees is Jaime Escalante, the Bolivian-born, Los Angeles high school math teacher portrayed in the 1988 movie, Stand and Deliver.
Strickland met Escalante in person in 1999, the year he was inducted.
"You'd think that when there's a movie made about your life you would have this big head," says Strickland. "He was so approachable, very humble."
You could say the same of this year's inductees. Matinga Ragatz from Michigan, Ashli Skura Dreher from New York, Joseph Ruhl from Indiana, Jonathan Gillentine from Hawaii and Bob Williams from Alaska.
Each has taught about 30 years on average. In fact, you can't be nominated unless you've been teaching 20 years or more. But Strickland says it's not just about "time served."
"Every single one of them will tell you it's the impact they have on children and the relationships they have established," she explains.
As we come to the end of the brief tour, Baldwin reminds me that Emporia is actually known for a few other things:
It's the founding city of Veterans Day. It hosts the world's biggest frisbee golf tournament every year and it's known as the Twinkie capitol of the U.S. because they make so many there. But some argue that the National Teachers Hall of Fame is what gives Emporia perhaps its most revered title:
Teacher Town USA.
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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Peace deal seems far off
The Associated Press
| Tuesday, July 30, 2013, 10:05 a.m.
Eds: Links graphic. With AP Photos.
JERUSALEM (AP) — The contours of Israeli-Palestinian peace are clear, experts say: If only the sides summon up the will, the inevitable outcome is two states roughly along the pre-1967 borders, with Jerusalem as a shared capital and a finessing of the Palestinian refugee issue.
The notion of a virtually preordained eventual result has been around for decades. And Secretary of State John Kerry believes in it enough to have spent much of his time in office trying to coax the sides back to the table.
But with peace talks finally set to begin anew this week, it is striking how few in the region itself expect a deal: The previous rounds have led many to conclude that when it comes to details, the Palestinians' minimal demands simply exceed what Israel is willing to deliver.
Some say that the Palestinians are driving what Israelis view as a hard bargain because they have already lost some three-quarters of historical Palestine under the pre-1967 borders.
But there is another factor: In the long run, contrary to standard discourse, the Palestinians may not be the weaker party at all. While they suffer in various ways from the Israeli occupation of the West Bank and east Jerusalem, it is the Israelis who may actually need a partition of the Holy Land more.
That's because Israel proper, within its recognized pre-1967 borders, has some 6 million Jews and almost 2 million Arab citizens. The West Bank, Gaza and east Jerusalem have almost 4 million Palestinians among them. If Israel does not pull back, say withdrawal advocates, near-parity in historic Palestine is already the case, and an Arab majority may follow that cannot forever be denied full democratic rights. It is a deep dilemma that animates many a dinnertime debate: For decades Israelis were told they may have to make "painful sacrifices" in exchange for peace. Now the narrative is shifting: They may have to do it regardless, for demographic salvation alone.
This understanding may be dampening Palestinian urgency to strike a deal.
Several times in recent years they did not accept offers Israel considered far-reaching. In the most recent, former Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert says he offered Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas a state in Gaza and 95 percent of the West Bank, and a share of Jerusalem. Palestinians say they could not agree on details and that Olmert was a lame duck who could not deliver. In any case it is hard to imagine Olmert's successor, the more hawkish Benjamin Netanyahu, going further or even coming as close.
What will Israel do if a peace deal remains elusive?
Some people are talking about accepting that Israel, combined with the West Bank and maybe Gaza, will simply be a bi-national state, even if this means Jews will eventually be dominated by Arabs. Even some nationalists seem to accept this and consider it preferable to giving up the land.
Some propose that neighboring Jordan allow West Bank Palestinians to vote in its own parliamentary elections as a way of giving Palestinians in Israeli-controlled areas a version of democratic rights.
Others hope for a partial settlement that will give the Palestinians a state in most of the territory but less than they want — and in exchange Israel would not demand "end-of-conflict," with remaining issues left for later. Palestinians reject the idea, believing they would be left without leverage to gain anything more.
Still others expect Israel to unilaterally pull out from much of the area. But the Gaza precedent undermines this: Israel pulled settlers and troops from the coastal territory, which is detached from the West Bank, in 2005; Hamas militants soon took over, and years of sporadic rocket fire followed.
Yet another possibility: To prevent rockets from the West Bank, Israel might declare borders of its choosing, remove the settlers on the "Palestinian side," but maintain a purely military and more easily reversible military occupation.
Meanwhile, here's what awaits the negotiators set to try again:
Under the 1947 U.N. plan dividing British-ruled Palestine into a Jewish and an Arab state, Jerusalem was to be an international city surrounded by Arab territory. But the Arabs rejected the partition, and in the war that followed, Israeli forces blazed a path to the city and occupied the western part of it. Jordan seized the city's eastern sector, containing the Old City with its sites holy to Muslims, Jews and Christians, as well as the surrounding "West Bank."
In the 1967 war two decades later, Israel occupied east Jerusalem as well as the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, which had been ruled by Egypt, taking over all the territory the U.N. had slated for the Palestinian state. It annexed only east Jerusalem, expanding the city's borders into a slice of the West Bank; the world community rejects the annexation.
The idea of sharing Jerusalem sounds straight-forward and fair: The city would be the capital of both states, with Jewish-populated areas in Israel and Arab-populated areas in Palestine, alongside some equitable arrangement for the Old City.
But it is a cartographer's nightmare: Israel has surrounded and peppered the Arab core of east Jerusalem with so many Jewish neighborhoods that the roughly 200,000 Jews in the occupied sector almost equal in number the Arabs who live there.
Somehow connecting these areas with Israel would yield a border that might end up snaking through dozens of miles (kilometers), be bewilderingly difficult to police, and make the divisions of Berlin and Belfast seem reasonable and simple by comparison.
And if the two sides made do without border controls, people could move between the states through a portal of sorts in Jerusalem, proceeding anywhere else in Israel and Palestine. That does not work for Israelis, who would want to control Palestinians' entry for fear of continued hostility by some.
The Palestinians demand that Israel recognize the "right of return" for Palestinian refugees, defined as more than 700,000 people who fled or were driven from their homes in what is now Israel, as well as — critically — their millions of descendants.
But for Israelis, allowing potentially millions of Palestinians into Israel contradicts the logic that might compel them to give up the strategic West Bank to begin with — the desire to guarantee a Jewish majority in Israel.
Some Palestinian officials have hinted that the issue could be finessed, suggesting that as long as Israel accepts the principle of a right of return, the implementation will not be on a significant scale. But others disagree, and for many, especially refugees scattered across the region, the issue has taken on a sort of sanctity. Signing it away will not be easy for Abbas, and this circle has yet to be squared.
Israel wants the Palestinians to accept Israel as the "Jewish state." For Palestinians this not only legitimizes what many of them view as a theft, but also contradicts the idea of a refugee return. Abbas says Israel did not ask for such recognition when it struck peace deals with Egypt and Jordan, and uses the demand merely to obstruct.
For Israel itself, the issue is problematic: Where does the "Jewish state" leave the one-fifth of Israel's 8 million citizens, within the pre-1967 borders, who are Arabs?
Jerusalem aside, the borders seem relatively workable. The Palestinians want the entire West Bank, in addition to Gaza, and appear willing to allow Israel to move the borders to incorporate some settlements as long as they are compensated by equivalent amounts of Israeli territory. Abbas has said such a swap should be minimal — but since most of the 360,000 West Bank settlers live close to Israel's pre-1967 frontier, even minor map changes might attach most of them to Israel and reduce the number of settlers to be evacuated to about 100,000. That reduces Israel's pain and makes a pullout more plausible.
Several large settlements complicate things. Ariel, right in the middle of the northern West Bank, would require a highly intrusive "finger" into the territory to be linked to Israel. Maaleh Adumim, just east of Jerusalem, is also inconveniently located for Palestinians who want unencumbered travel from Ramallah to Bethlehem.
For religious Israelis, the West Bank is a biblical heartland whose loss would be excruciating. But for most, it is an inhospitable place where they almost never set foot. Still, it is very strategic: Losing the territory would make Israel barely 10 miles (15 kilometers) wide at its narrowest point and put potentially hostile Palestinians within rocket range of Tel Aviv, Jerusalem and Ben-Gurion International Airport. This is the issue that Netanyahu, a security hawk not known for a devout lifestyle, has put front and center throughout his career.
Netanyahu wants demilitarization of any part of the West Bank that Israel cedes to the Palestinian state. Abbas accepts this and proposed NATO forces patrol the borders. But he has rejected Netanyahu's demand that Israel maintain a long-term military presence on the West Bank's Jordan Valley, which runs along the Jordanian border.
Even if Netanyahu and Abbas reach a deal, a problem would remain: Hamas still controls Gaza and wants to set up an Islamic state in all of historic Palestine. Hamas speaks of long-term cease-fires under some circumstances, but generally makes clear it would not consider a partition deal to be the end of the conflict.
Israel currently holds nearly 5,000 Palestinians on security offenses, ranging from stone-throwing and membership in groups outlawed by Israel to deadly attacks. More than 3,000 have been convicted; others await the end of legal proceedings and dozens are being held without charges or trial.
On Sunday, Israel's Cabinet agreed in principle to release 104 long-held prisoners, most convicted of deadly attacks on Israelis, in four stages linked to progress in negotiations. Netanyahu absorbed scathing criticism from bereaved families and Israelis who saw it as a security risk. But he preferred this form of enticement to another Palestinian demand: Freezing construction in the very settlements that may one day be dismantled.
Dan Perry has covered the Mideast since the 1990s and currently leads AP's coverage in the region. Follow him at twitter.com/perry—dan
An AP News Analysis


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This February I am sleeping on the floor to help change thousands of kids' lives.
There are families around the world who spend every night sleeping on the floor, children who wake up hungry with their parents unable to provide breakfast and kids in tattered uniforms without school resources and so I'm taking on the February on the Floor challenge so that I can improve their sleeping conditions and provide them with all they need to start their day prepared for school.
A weekend of uncomfortable sleep for me will be completely worth it as I know that uniforms, school bags, breakfast and beds will transform children's lives. Please give generously as I would love to help as many children as possible.
I can't wait to update you with photos and details of my experience as well as the children whose lives have been changed because of your support.
Thank you
Sarah McCaughey
Stand by Me rescues kids from extreme circumstances, then provides the care, love and attention they need to thrive. We care for over 3,800 kids across the world, from Myanmar to Colombia to Ethiopia. No two are the same, some are orphaned, some abandoned, some abused or living in extreme poverty, so we take care to meet each of their individual needs from food and healthcare, to loving parents and quality education, enabling them to reach their potential, stand on their own two feet and become who they were created to be.
February on the Floor is a fundraising event designed to make a significant difference to the lives of our amazing Stand by Me children. We ask people to sleep on the floor for a weekend of their choice in February and raise money to help provide families with uniforms, school bags, breakfast and beds to enable them to pursue their dreams.


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Rob Francis is an Associate Director at Frontier with over 25 years experience as a professional economist.
He is a specialist in the economic regulation of network utilities with a particular focus on the water sector. His clients have included Defra, Ofwat and the Environment Agency, as well as many of the water companies in the UK. Between 2005 and 2014 Rob lectured on regulatory finance at Imperial College Business School and he has advised many companies on finance issues such as the cost of capital and profitability assessment. He has provided expert advice on financial issues on cases at the Competition Appeal Tribunal and Competition Commission.


text: When we first moved into our new house the yard was a bit lack luster. It needs some major help to really shine. That's here TOTAL Landscaping came in. They came highly recommended from a neighbor and boy they did not disappoint! We went over ideas and came up with a plan that was both cost and water efficient. Now our yard is the belle of the neighborhood and we have other neighbors asking who fixed it up. Thanks so much TOTAL!


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And not just any leftovers, but Champagne leftovers! (or, more often than not, sparkling wine leftovers)
I realize some may never have this "problem," but often a bit of the bubbly goes a long way for me and, in striving for moderation in all things, I'm usually left with at least half the bottle once the celebration has passed. What's a girl to do?
Before I get ahead of myself, let's start with some basics.
- Champagne (with a capital 'c') technically only comes from the Champagne region of France. Other sparkling wines from France and other countries can be called champagne (little 'c') and anything from American wineries that uses the capital-c version is just putting on airs. Still, there's nothing wrong with sparkling wines by any name, but you should know the difference.
- Champagne can be dry or sweet. Brut is the driest of the dry, followed by Extra Dry and then Dry (or Sec) which is what most people are used to drinking and what I usually consider "sweet" by comparison. Everything is relative. Demi-Sec and Doux are the sweeter and sweetest sparklers and generally not found in the States but apparently Latin America really likes the sugar so that's where most of them go.
- Bottle sizes vary. The usual 750 ml bottle that you find in most shops is also known as a Bouteille. A "split", which you might see on some restaurant lists or hear bandied about from time to time, is a little Quart or quarter-bottle at 187 ml and will give you 2 small glasses and are a bit smaller than those old glass soda bottles. Great for trying out new champagnes or putting into gift bags or baskets. FInally, a Magnum is essentially a double-bottle yeilding 12 servings (the single bottle should serve 6) and looks kind of impressive. Bottles larger than the Magnum are named after Biblical figures: Jeroboam, Rehoboam, Methuselah, etc. all the way up to the Nebuchadnezzar which is a whopping 20-bottle/15 liter behemoth!
- If your champagne overflows its bottle when you open it: you did it wrong. Do not shake the bottle or treat it badly, you'll waste all the bubbles that way. Instead, remove the outer wrapping (there should be a little tab on the foil) and gently loosen the wire cage that keeps the cork in place. Holding a small towel over the top of the bottle, gently work the cork out and you should hear the faintest "pop" when the cork comes loose. Pour and serve immediately.
That being said, let's get back to the leftovers and what to do with them.
First things first, try a champagne cocktail! Add orange juice to champagne for a mimosa (great with brunch!) or peach nectar for a bellini which is good any time. Pretty much any fruit juice can top off your champagne flute and be very tasty. You can also add other liqueurs to champagne for a variety of different tastes. I found an interesting list of champagne cocktails here that you might like to try. My personal favorites include "Nelson's Blood" (port and champagne) and the "Flirtini" (champagne, vodka and pineapple juice) but I think I'll stay away from the "Blue Velvet" or any of the drinks that look like drain cleaner. (Anyone else remember that scene from Heathers? Exactly.)
The other way to use leftover sparkling wine is to cook with it! Over time the bubbly will lose it's fizz, but that's about all. So pop it into the fridge (use one of those wine stoppers that seals the bottle, like the Vacu Vin Wine Saver Extra Stoppers, Set of 4, instead of trying to fit the cork back into the bottle) and it'll keep for a while, at least for cooking purposes. Leftover champagne works great in salad dressings in place of all or part of the vinegar and in any recipes that call for white wine (since most champagnes are white). In fact, I made my favorite risotto the other night and all I had in the house was a sweet white wine instead of the usual dry but it substituted with absolutely no problem so you can even use sweet sparklers in savory recipes without fear. After all, you should only cook with the wines you're willing to drink, so this fits nicely.
One last thing. Did you accidentally leave the champagne out instead of putting it back into the fridge? Well, one night (especially if it's a cooler one) probably won't kill it, but if you detect a change in flavor, why not try making your own wine vinegars? Here's an interesting article from holybasil.wordpress.com.


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my site now developed to a scale that can keep me driving. since Monday after read some news in my google reader, i sidestepped into claiming new accounts and sites under my family title. from Tuesday to Thursday i seldom had time to break, just full force with claiming and customizing my new sites with different portals, like cocomment and retaggr, etc. however, this morning i see the light i can finally touched them and settled at least in this afternoon before enjoyed reading tech news as usual again.
its also dirty days in the passed week. a snow, the second in lunar 2009, descended near the noon yesterday and its moderately covered the road and the ground. dirty wills in office never conceal to challenge me, esp.the facing bastard, with a family name Yin (in English negative), in office, and the gay, a driver, in the facing room and on the direction on my back. they did their best to devil willed and profaned the holy spirit. they died before the end of their time in the world, and the snow will cleanse and buried their corps.
its really nice to see my site's expanding. i wish my site grows with these innovative dotcomes and win with the big.
ok, here is my loot these days:
oneizh at blogger
wardzh at twitter
dajiuzh——朱大九走向世界 at flickr
dajiuzh——朱大九走向世界 at flickr group
warwinzh at cocomment group
emakingir at cocomment
warren zhu at retaggr
wardzh at stumbleupon


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Documents Cited - General Plan of Operations
Reference Evapotranspiration Estimates for Arizona |
Yitayew, M. 1990. Reference Evapotranspiration Estimates for Arizona. Department of Agriculture and Biosystems Engineering. Technical Bulletin. University of... Download PDF |
Three-Dimensional Excavation and Recent Rupture History along the Cholame Segment of the San Andreas Fault |
Young, J.J., Arrowsmith, JR., Colini, L., Grant, L.B., and Gootee, B., 2002, 3-D excavation and measurement of recent rupture history along the Cholame segment... Download PDF |
Implications of Fault Slip Rates and Earthquake Recurrence Models to Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Estimates |
Youngs, R.R. and Coppersmith, K.J., 1985, Implications of fault slip rates and earthquake recurrence models to probabilistic seismic hazard estimates: Bulletin... Download PDF |
Assessment of Regional Earthquake Hazards and Risk Along the Wasatch Front, Utah |
Youngs, R.R., Swan, F.H., Power, M.S., Schwartz, D.P., and Green, R.K., 2000, Probabilistic analysis of earthquake ground shaking hazard along the Wasatch Front... Download PDF |