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"Throughout the book, I have recorded and reported speech in the words of the individuals interviewed. I have chosen to use the individuals' slang, graphic descriptions, and vulgar language because they accurately reflect the way in which people think about and discuss pornography. The use of sexually explicit and crude language is part of the story of how pornography is changing our lives; to avoid such language in Pornified would give less than a full picture." Indeed, the language and examples used in Pornified are sometimes shocking, even for a person like myself who is not easily startled. Author Pamela Paul, in what is really an extension to an article she wrote for Time Magazine, seeks to show in this book that pornography is transforming the way we live our lives. Her approach is not academic or sociological, but rather journalistic. The book is bound together by scores of interviews with pornography users and sometimes their families as well as well as a poll conducted by Harris Interactive and sponsored by Pornified. The language can be harsh and the descriptions graphic.
Pornography use is wide-spread – far more so than the average person might think. "Take a look to your left and your right. Only one of you will be sitting here in two months." Did you ever have one of those classes in university where the professor attempted to scare the students into realizing just how difficult the course was going to be? These days the statistics seem to prove that if you sit on the train or on the bus or in the lecture hall and take a look to your left and your right, you'll know that at least one of you has an addiction to pornography or at least regularly indulges in pornography. It truly is that prevalent. Some seventy percent of 18-24 year-old men now visit a pornographic web site in a given month. Men in their twenties and thirties fare little better, with two out of every three of them admitting the same. Pornography has even made major inroads into the lives of women so more and more women are purchasing pornography, sometimes to please a husband or boyfriend and other times simply for their own pleasure. Children are being introduced to it at ever-younger ages and are often addicted long before they are even capable of understanding sexuality.
The affordability, accessibility and anonymity of Internet pornography has proved a boon to the industry and the growth of pornography has skyrocketed so that it is now a multi-billion dollar industry. At the same time pornography has become mainstream. Porn stars play themselves on popular television programs and make constant appearances in the videos of popular musicians. The biographies of porn stars become bestsellers. What was once shameful is now mainstream and the punchline of far too many jokes. It has gotten, as Paul says, to the point that "it is easier to get pornography than it is to avoid it. We have protected the rights of those who wish to live in a pornified culture while altogether ignoring the interests of those who do not."
Of course the prevalence of pornography makes perfect sense. Pornography, as you may know, is progressive both to the individual and society. "Men and women who came of age during the sixties, seventies, or eighties, or whose experience with pornography dates to those eras, think of pornography in terms of gauzy centerfolds, outre sexuality, women's liberation, and the Hugh Hefner lifestyle. Back then, the lines between softcore and hardcore pornography were clear and distinguishable…Today, pornography is so seamlessly integrated into popular culture that embarrassment or surreptitiousness is no longer part of the equation." Our society has so-integrated pornography that what was once shocking and was cause for outrage is barely even noticed. The pornography of thirty years ago is today merely a topic for monthly discussion in teen and tween magazines.
The progressive nature of pornography in society is mirrored in the lives of the individuals who use it. While most men are introduced to "girlie pictures" and initially are interested in little more than pictures of naked women, soon those who continue to dabble in pornography find that what was once exciting becomes mundane. Men seek out more graphic and perverse acts of sexuality involving violence, degradation and humiliation. They may eventually turn to acts so disgusting that surely they fall under the Apostle Paul's admonition that they are too shameful even to speak of. Such examples are plentiful in the interviews the author conducts. While many people continue to believe that the consumption of pornography can be neatly separated from "real life," the truth is that it begins to impact every area of life. "Pornography has a corrosive effect on men's relationships with women and a negative impact on male sexual performance and satisfaction. It plays a rising role in intimacy disorders. More than ever, it aids and abets sexually compulsive behavior in ways that can become seriously disruptive and psychologically damaging." Pamela Paul seems not to be a Christian and thus largely ignores the spiritual dimension, but surely believers suffer a great harm when they allow pornography in their lives and they struggle with the inevitable feelings of separation from God as they continually give in to their sinful habits.
Contrary to what society would have us believe, "Pornography is not just naked women and it is not sex. The sexual acts depicted in pornography are more about shame, humiliation, solitude, coldness and degradation than they are about pleasure, intimacy and love…Pornography is, at its core, the commercialization of women, turning men into consumers and women into a product to be used and discarded. If pornography were truly just about sex and naked bodies, there would be nothing to get upset over, but those who know better, those who bother to think while they gaze or who stop averting their eyes for a moment and address what's on-screen in the cubicle behind them, should – and can – no longer be ignored."
While she does not do so until the end of the book, Paul makes a useful comparison between the pornography industry and the tobacco industry. "For years another industry insisted their products did no harm. Corporate owners, employees and consumers scoffed at studies showing tobacco's links to cancer and emphysema. Industry leaders stood in front of Congress and testified that tobacco was not addictive. All Americans, they said, should be allowed to choose to smoke. Nothing should stand in the way of that freedom. Cigarettes, they explained, were harmless." Of course it was not long before it was proven that smoking is harmful and that people should be educated about the possible harmful effects. This industry, Paul feels, could just as well be pornography. Pornographers continue to insist, even today, that pornography is harmless to individuals, to families and to societies. Yet the evidence is increasingly proving this to be a false assumption. A possible and obvious solution, according to the author, is to put similar warnings and restrictions in place as there are for cigarettes. Why is it that a child has to prove he is old enough to purchase cigarettes but when asked to prove his age before encountering Internet pornography it is considered a violation of the First Amendment? In fact, pornographers have gone to great lengths to link pornography with civil liberties, arguing that the use of pornography is a strike against the hypocritical reactionaries who would like to see its prevalence curtailed. "They've managed to equate the use of pornography with a defense of the Bill of Rights, convincing an entire generation that pornography is not only okay, it's the American citizen's right."
And the strategy has worked. "In today's polarized cultural debates, supporting pornography has become the default liberal, moderate, and civil libertarian position. Speaking out against pornography has become a reactionary cause rather than a progressive one – even though acceptance or approval of pornography shouldn't be any more an indication of one's liberal bona fides than denouncing it should be of proving one's conservatism." Later the author writes, "most people don't talk about whether they're 'for' or 'against' pornography anymore; the cultural consensus seems to consider the matter beyond debate. Through complacency and carelessness, the majority of Americans shrug or laugh off the issue as inconsequential and irrelevant to their lives."
While the bulk of the book deals with diagnosing and proving the problem, Paul does not end without suggesting a solution. "What we need is a mind-set shift, one that moves us from viewing porn as hip and fun and sexy to one that recognizes pornography as harmful, pathetic, and decidedly unsexy." Her proposed solution is not one of censorship, but of standards. Just as people are required to prove their age before they can purchase cigarettes or alcohol, and just as people are required to show a library card before they can borrow a book, in the same way people should have to prove their identities before viewing pornography.
Pornified is an eye-opening book that deals with a subject of increasing importance. I am sure that any divorce lawyer or family counselor could share story after story of the harmful effects of pornography addiction. Sadly, pornography poses as big a challenge within the church as without. Leaders of churches and families need to be educated about pornography and its harmful effects so they can protect their own purity and that of their children.
Do be aware if you choose to read this book that it includes crude language and sometimes graphic descriptions of the type of behavior condoned in or inspired by pornography. It is definitely not a book for children or teenagers to read. The author chose to leave the language in place for a legitimate reason – she sought to show how pornography leads to degradation not only through people's actions, but also through their words and perceptions. She chose to discuss the difficult and sometimes stomach-turning topics to show how far people just like me and just like you can fall when they allow themselves to be ruled by their addictions. This is a provocative book and one I hope will make many people think twice before they do that next Google search.


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Staying Public
Earlier this month, I announced that I was considering taking Tesla private. As part of the process, it was important to understand whether our current investors believed this would be a good strategic move and whether they would want to participate in a private Tesla.
Our investors are extremely important to me. Almost all have stuck with us from the time we went public in 2010 when we had no cars in production and only a vision of what we wanted to be. They believe strongly in our mission to advance sustainable energy and care deeply about our success.
I worked with Silver Lake, Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley, who have world-class expertise in these matters, to consider the many factors that would come into play in taking Tesla private, and to process all the incoming interest that we received from investors to fund a go-private transaction. I also spent considerable time listening to current shareholders, large and small, to understand what they think would be in the best long-term interests of Tesla.
Based on all the discussions that have taken place over the last couple of weeks and a thorough consideration of what is best for the company, a few things are clear to me:
- Given the feedback I've received, it's apparent that most of Tesla's existing shareholders believe we are better off as a public company. Additionally, a number of institutional shareholders have explained that they have internal compliance issues that limit how much they can invest in a private company. There is also no proven path for most retail investors to own shares if we were private. Although the majority of shareholders I spoke to said they would remain with Tesla if we went private, the sentiment, in a nutshell, was "please don't do this."
- I knew the process of going private would be challenging, but it's clear that it would be even more time-consuming and distracting than initially anticipated. This is a problem because we absolutely must stay focused on ramping Model 3 and becoming profitable. We will not achieve our mission of advancing sustainable energy unless we are also financially sustainable.
- That said, my belief that there is more than enough funding to take Tesla private was reinforced during this process.
After considering all of these factors, I met with Tesla's Board of Directors yesterday and let them know that I believe the better path is for Tesla to remain public. The Board indicated that they agree.
Moving forward, we will continue to focus on what matters most: building products that people love and that make a difference to the shared future of life on Earth. We've shown that we can make great sustainable energy products, and we now need to show that we can be sustainably profitable. With all the progress we've made on Model 3, we're positioned to do this, and that's what the team and I are going to be putting all of our efforts toward.
Thank you to all of our investors, customers and employees for the support you've given our company. I'm incredibly excited to continue leading Tesla as a public company. It is a privilege.

subset: commoncrawl


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For the Y1B Mission Control, please click here
BAIKONUR COSMODROME, Kazakhstan, April 24, 2012– International Launch Services (ILS), a leading launch services provider for the global commercial satellite industry, successfully carried the Y1B satellite into geostationary transfer orbit today on an ILS Proton for Al Yah Satellite Communications (Yahsat) of Abu Dhabi. This was third ILS Proton launch so far this year and the 72nd ILS Proton launch overall.
The ILS Proton Breeze M launched from Pad 39 at the Cosmodrome at 4:18 a.m. today local time (6:19 pm EDT, 22:18 GMT ). After a 9 hour, 12-minute, 5-burn mission, the Breeze M successfully released the Y1B satellite, weighing over 6 metric tons, into geostationary transfer orbit.
This was the 376th launch for Proton since its inaugural flight 47 years ago. The Proton Breeze M launch vehicle was developed and built by Khrunichev Research and Production Space Center of Moscow, one of the pillars of the global space industry and the majority shareholder in ILS.
Y1B, built on the Eurostar E3000 platform, will deliver communications in Ka-band to serve both commercial and government users. Y1B is the 14th Eurostar satellite launched on ILS Proton. The dual use satellite's platform was developed by Astrium and the payload by Thales Alenia Space.
ILS President, Frank McKenna said, "ILS was honored to launch the Y1B satellite on ILS Proton, enabling the deployment of their YahClick network that will provide high speed broadband services across Southwest Asia, Africa and the Middle East. ILS was squarely focused on achieving on-time delivery to meet Yahsat's requirements for their commercial and government customers. My sincere thanks to the ILS, Khrunichev, Yahsat, Thales Alenia Space and Astrium teams who worked tirelessly to ensure a successful mission and launch for our new customer Yahsat."
"We are delighted to see this milestone in our business plan reached with the launch of Y1B. With the satellite in orbit, we are on track in our mission to connect communities around the region with reliable, affordable broadband services through our "YahClick" service. Communications is a vital factor for economic and social growth in today's world and we are very excited to be bringing this pioneering vision into reality." said Yahsat CEO, Tareq Abdel Raheem Al Hosani.


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Innovation Summit Bold Ideas Challenge (POWER)
Students: Innovate in Energy and Power Distribution!
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This Challenge is now over, find out about the results here!
Are you ready for...
- Buildings and data centers that are connected and self-managed in real time?
- Rapid growth in electricity demand?
- A digitized economy that increases operational efficiency for better business results?
- A world of renewable, decentralized energy, where the prosumer is king?
If so, then this challenge is for you!
Schneider Electric is inviting students from across the world to take on a new challenge – coming up with sustainable and eco-friendly solutions to tackle the following topic:
Imagine greener solutions to power the new digital economy!
Finalists will have the amazing opportunity to pitch their project in front of Schneider Electric's top management and executives at the Schneider Electric Innovation Summit in Paris in early April, and maybe even see their solutions developed in the near future!
Also, the first winning team will be invited to be part of the Schneider Electric HR Go Green In the City Initiative and will be rewarded with €1,000 cash prize!
So, #WhatsYourBoldIdea?
Are you ready to Power the New Digital Economy?
Our world is undergoing more profound change than ever before, driven by unprecedented urbanization, digitization and industrialization in terms of both speed and scale.
IoT and connectivity are making new things possible
Electrical Distribution and its design is evolving
The fundamentals of power distribution
From increasing levels of connectivity and changes in how we design and build electrical distribution networks to the fundamental shift in how we produce and manage power, the way business used to be done is becoming out of date. In light of this, Schneider Electric is challenging you to tackle one of the themes below, which have been identified as important topics for the years to come.
Choose the theme you want to tackle
Bear in mind that your project will need to focus on large buildings such as commercial offices, schools, and hospitals.
Your mission
Your task is to design your project based on data from large buildings and information that you find online (or elsewhere – be as creative as you like!). We recommend you focus your reading and documentation on capturing, analyzing, and correlating data from the electrical and HVAC (Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning) equipment in these large buildings. This will give you the necessary insights into how these buildings operate under different conditions and what actions can be taken to improve them.
See below for some questions that you could answer to get started with your project:
• Does your solution already exist?
• If it doesn't: What added value will it bring to prospective users, ecosystems and people?
• If it does: How can it be enhanced by using Schneider Electric electricity's data set?
• How does the business fit into the ecosystem?
• Is it technically feasible?
Don't hesitate to think outside the box! If put together properly, brand new and original businesses will be highly appreciated. End-to-end solutions as innovative components of the value chain will also be welcomed.
Just keep in mind that your solution will need to be data-driven and based on technologies such as intelligent sensors & controllers, big-data platforms & analytics, smart (sub) metering and so on.
What could you win?
The first winning team will be invited to be part of the Schneider Electric HR Go Green In the City Initiative and will be rewarded with a €1,000 cash prize!
And for all the winning teams, in addition to present their project at the Schneider Electric Innovation Summit in Paris in early April 2018, each winning team will be rewarded with cash prizes!
- 1st
- 2nd
- 3rd
- 4rd
- 5rd
Each member of the first team will be rewarded with €1000
Each member of the second team will be rewarded with €600
Each member of the third team will be rewarded with €400
Each member of the fourth team will be rewarded with €300
Each member of the fifth team will be rewarded with €200
About Schneider Electric
Schneider Electric is leading the Digital Transformation of Energy Management and Automation in Homes, Buildings, Data Centers, Infrastructure and Industries.
With global presence in over 100 countries, Schneider Electric is the undisputable leader in Power Management – Medium Voltage, Low Voltage and Secure Power, and in Automation Systems. We provide integrated efficiency solutions, combining energy, automation and software.
In our global Ecosystem, we collaborate with the largest Partner, Integrator and Developer Community on our Open Platform to deliver real-time control and operational efficiency.
We believe that great people and partners make Schneider Electric a great company and that our commitment to Innovation, Diversity and Sustainability ensures that Life Is On everywhere, for everyone and at every moment.
April 6th, 2018
The 10 Teams in the running will present their project in front of a Jury composed of Schneider Electric's top management team and other prestigious jury members at the Schneider Electric Innovation Summit in Paris on April 6th.
Do you want to increase your chance of winning?
Two other challenges that you might be interested in will be soon availale!


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If you already have a domain name, please go to your domain registrar's website and add a DNS A-record of: mail.YourDomain.com and an MX-record. For more detailed info, please logon www.drivehq.com, and then visit this page:
Note DriveHQ email hosting server IP is 188.8.131.52
If you have any more questions about DNS entries, please contact your domain registrar company for support.
Please logon and reply, Not DriveHQ Member?


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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, or OCD, involves having obsessive thinking patterns that can include unwanted thoughts, images or urges that make a person feel anxious or distressed.
Individuals who have OCD often have significant difficulty pushing away or ignoring these thoughts. Those with OCD also have compulsive behaviors which are an attempt to reverse the obsessive thoughts or urges by performing some sort of action.
Common signs, according to the Mayo Clinic, of OCD are:
- Intrusive thoughts
- Constant checking
- Constant counting
- The repeated cleaning of one or more items
- Constantly checking the stove or door locks
- Fear of contamination
- Hoarding
- Thoughts that you might be harmed
- Thoughts that you might cause others harm
If one or more of the above symptoms resonates with you, I encourage you to look into OCD therapy today. Research shows that the most effective treatments for OCD are Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and/or medication.
As licensed mental health professionals, we have extensive training in helping patients overcome and grow from their OCD. And together, we'll create a strategy that works explicitly for you. Contact us today for a consultation.


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Overview and causes
Degenerative Disc Disease (DDD) is the term used to describe the normal changes in the spinal discs as the body ages. Vertebrae, which make up the spine, are separated by the soft disks. These discs act as shock absorbers. This condition occurs when one of these disks weakens.
Despite the name, it is not actually a disease. But that does not mean the pain it causes is less real. It can be very painful and can affect quality of life to a great extent. Disc degeneration is a normal part of aging, but for some individuals, it can cause severe and chronic pain.
Following are some of the causes of degenerative disc disease:
The loss of fluid in the discs can be a cause. This makes the disk less flexible and reduces its ability to absorb shocks. This also reduces the distance between the vertebrae.
Annulus or capsule (the outer layer of disc) may be damaged or cracked. As a result the nucleus (jelly-like material inside the disc) may be forced to flow out of the cracks or tears. This may cause the disc to rupture, break into fragments or bulge.
A sudden injury to the disc can start disc degeneration
Smoking, heavy physical work and obesity can also cause degeneration.
Symptoms and diagnosis
Symptoms of degenerative disc disease include:
Pain in lower back which radiates to hips
Pain in thighs or buttocks while walking
In some cases, irregular tingling or weakness through the knees
Pain in upper spine which may radiate to shoulders, arms and hands
This condition is diagnosed with a physical examination and a review of medical history. During physical examination, the surgeon looks for tenderness and changes related to nerves, for example changes in reflexes, numbness or tingling. Other conditions such as tumors, fractures and infections are also checked.
If symptoms of degenerative disc disease are suspected after initial examination, imaging tests may also be performed for diagnosis. These tests may include X-rays, MRIs or CT scans. Imaging tests are usually considered if the symptoms develop after injury or damage to nerves.
Usually this condition can be successfully treated with non-surgical treatments. One or a combination of treatments like chiropractic manipulative therapy (CMT), physical therapy and anti-inflammatory medications can often provide relief.
Surgical treatment may be recommended if the non-surgical treatments fail to provide relief within two to three months. It may also be recommended if pain in legs or back restricts normal activity, if it is difficult to stand or walk, or if there is numbness or weakness in legs. Surgical treatment options include Anterior Cervical Discectomy with Fusion, Intervertebral Disc Annuloplasty, Intervertebral Disc Arthroplasty, etc.
Risks and benefits
The draw back of non-surgical treatment is that it can be slow and take a long time to provide complete relief. The benefit is less disruption to the patient's routine life, as it does not require hospitalization or rehabilitation.
On the other hand, surgical treatments can be highly disruptive and they may require hospitalization and have activity restrictions for at least three to four weeks following surgery. Surgical treatment may be necessary if conservative treatments have not been successful or if the condition is too severe.


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Victor Kaminoff
Victor Kaminoff, a Los Angeles based real estate specialist, wanted a site with a simple, clean layout that was easy to navigate. He was able to achieve this in no time with RE7's beautifully designed templates. He was also able to seamlessly integrate the Optima Express IDX plugin, which allows users to search for any type of property on the MLS. If you are in real estate WP Pro Real Estate 7's amazing array of features make it possible to build a site that does everything you want, and more.
StayFurnished Apartments
Scott Remmel from StayFurnished has been a customer of ours for since 2012 when he originally bought my RE3 theme. He and his business partner wanted to refresh the site with an all new modern and clean look and add the ability for his customers to book online. They easily migrated from RE3 to RE7 using the provided plugins and documentation to accomplish this all in record time while increasing their business.
Sothebys International Realty
Douglas D. Kerbs is one of the most sought-after residential real estate brokers in the country. Consistently out-performing his peers, Kerbs has solidified himself as a top producer since the inception of his real estate career in 2005, and to date, is still recognized as a top producer at LIV Sotheby's International Realty, as well as among all real estate brokers in the Denver Metro Area.
Group MB
GroupMB makes the San Francisco real estate buying and selling experience as simple and efficient as possible in today's challenging environment. We are well practiced – over 15+ years experience. GroupMB uses an extensive network of agents, lenders, appraisers, and contractors to support you with obtaining your goals.
Listing All Warehouses
Listing All Warehouses is the premier online resource to find Commercial Property For Sale or Lease. They give you access to every property to make the most informed decision on a new property purchase or lease which will allow you to save money in the process. By connecting you to a local expert, you will benefit first hand from the strong rapport we have established with local lessors and property owners.
Havaning Real Estate
n Havaning establish relationships of trust with our customers, we are committed to you for the sole purpose of providing the best deals and make your trip to Cuba unforgettable. Our personalized, friendly service will provide a climate of trust, which will be very easy to move anything that might require to make your holiday or business trip go smoothly. Havaning staff always dump to provide a flexible and rapid response.
Oisin Down Real Estate
Our vision and mission at Oisín Down Real Estate is to provide a personal experience second to none. We operate on a quality over quantity proposition, working with clients not just on a first name basis but on a first class service level. Our vision and mission run on a few core values that represent who we strive to be and the people we work with.
Roderick Decouto Real Estate
Roderick DeCouto Real Estate Ltd. has served the real estate needs of this community since its inception in 1979 by founder Mr. Roderick DeCouto and continues today under family ownership retaining its sterling reputation of reliability and accountability. Including third generation family members, all our agents are a "family" devoted to providing individual and professional service to our clients.
Brightstar Real Estate
BrightStar Real Estate Inc. is base in Orlando Florida. We opened our doors in the year 2005 as an extension of our sister company ADG Realty. Since then we have specialized in the representation of sellers and buyers of vacation and residential properties.
Dexter Property Management
Dexter Property Management specialize in the rental of furnished and unfurnished properties in Vancouver, Westside & North Shore. Our mission is to provide our clients with the best and most reliable range of services to make their property operate as smooth and cost-effective as possible.
Sheena Bird Realty
Sheena is a Realtor® with PalmerHouse Properties and a Member of the Atlanta Board of Realtors®. Her in-depth knowledge of Atlanta's Real Estate market allows her the ability to accurately analyze each client's needs in the most definitive manner on the current, ever evolving, market.
Emirates Living Dubai
Emirates Living is your convenient property portal which is exclusively dedicated to the ultra-luxurious Emirates Living development within Dubai. Due to the virtually unparalleled beauty of the area it has fast become one of the most sought after property options in the city and the competition for villas there is certainly fierce.
TCI Property
Jack Teneketzis of TCI Property wanted to create a beautifully simple & minimal site to showcase his listings, letting his potential customers quickly and easily browse listings for sale and for lease. He accomplished this by using RE7 and a custom child theme to completely transform the look & feel, proving anything is possible with WP Pro Real Estate 7!


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Mother of Pearl Puzzle Opal Silver Plated Cufflinks
Regular price
Shipping calculated at checkout.
1. Mother of Pearl Puzzle Opal Silver Plated Cufflinks
2. it is made with silver plated in top quality,and lon Plating avoid fading also nickel free.
3. Product type: cufflinks for shirt
4. size & weight:face diameter 18.5mm, weight:30g
5. free shipping by registered post mail free.
Shipping Policy:Items will be shipped within 1 business day after receiving the payment.We will send the package from China via air post,if customer ask to arrival more fast ,please contact us to ship by such as DHL FEDEX express.
Packing detail: items with our brand packing boxes.


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How do I report a bug? | |
You can contact a volunteer Bugge Hunter through our Live Help button, or post to our iPhone Tech Support Forum. It's a big help to us if you describe the problem as clearly and completely as possible. If you can describe a sequence of steps that will make the bug happen every time, that's a huge help too! |
Can I get live Tech Support? | |
You sure can! Go to the Help Tab and click the Live Help button. Type in any question, and one of our volunteer Beekin Helpers will do their best to help you out or find someone else who can. |
Why do I have to reconnect? | |
If you go idle briefly (not touching the screen) Furcadia will dim or blank the screen, but stay connected. But after a couple of minutes, the app will shut down your connection so it doesn't use up all your battery charge. When this happens, Furcadia may ask you to tap the Reconnect button if it's been a while since you went idle. You can set "Auto Login" in our Settings and it will usually bypass the Reconnect dialog for you. Also whenever you're plugged into a USB charger, Furcadia will keep you connected, as battery charge isn't a problem. You might also sometimes lose connection when moving between cellphone tower coverage areas, or between Wifi networks. |
Why can't I connect sometimes? | |
If you're connecting through a Wifi network that can't reach the entire Internet, or a cellphone tower that's overloaded with users in the area, you may experience connection problems. You can try connecting through a different network, or try again from somewhere else or just a little later. Our servers run 24/7, and we've been able to connect from most places we've tried. We apologize if you have any difficulties in your area. |
How do I adjust my settings? | |
Run the Settings app on your iPhone (the one with the picture of Gears). Scroll down to where it says Furcadia, and tap to open our Settings menu. |
Can I get my dream URLs to open without asking? | |
Yes. Go to our Settings, and pick the "Dream URLs" option. Put the checkmark on "Always Open". |
How do I check how much space Furcadia is using? | |
Under Settings, scroll down to the section labelled "Downloaded Files". The space used is summarized in this section. |
How can I get more DragonScales? | |
You can go to our Digo Market website to purchase more DragonScales. We're also looking into adding an easy in-app purchase option in the near future. |
Can I use less storage space? | |
Yes. If you change the "Delete Files" setting to do it more often, Furcadia will use less space. It may result in having to re-download Dreams you've already been to more often however, causing you more waiting time. |
What if my game crashes? | |
Sometimes when running large games or apps like Furcadia, it helps if you reboot your iPhone first to free up the maximum amount of memory. We've found this to be particularly true on older phones, 3G and before, and older models of the iPod Touch. Older devices may also perform better if you avoid large crowds of players. If you tend to crash when visiting certain areas in the game, try exploring other places instead. |
Is WiFi better than a phone connection? | |
Sometimes. However your connection speed and quality can vary a lot with both technologies, so WiFi won't always be better. In either case, your results vary based on how many other people are connecting through the same source as you, and how physically close you are to the signal source. Whether that source is a WiFi router, or a cellphone antenna tower. If you have found one or more WiFi networks that work very well for you, though, they can often be counted on to perform consistently well for you in the future. Cellphone networks may tend to vary more in signal quality, though that's not always the case. |
Are there different speeds of phone connections? | |
Yes. Parts of your cellphone carrier's network may use the very newest technologies and run faster, while more remote areas may still be using older systems. Cellphone carriers constantly upgrade their networks, as well as adding more capacity in busy areas. So your performance in any given location may be subject to improvements at any time. If you find that downloads are slow in particular areas, you may wish to try again at a different location where you get a better connection. |
How do I turn off music or sound effects? | |
Go to the Furcadia settings in your Settings App, and use the first three switches in the "Audio" section. |
Can I listen to my music while on Furcadia? | |
Yes, absolutely! Just run your iPod app, and start up whatever music you like. Then exit & launch Furcadia. If you start Furcadia with your music playing it will automatically mute all music in Furcadia, so it won't clash. All Furcadia sound effects will still play though, unless you've turned them off under our audio settings. |
Will there be free updates of Furcadia? | |
Yes. We've updated the PC version of Furcadia many times since we opened on December 16th, 1996. We intend to keep improving and updating Furcadia many more times in the years to come! Each time we add new features to our iPhone client, the updates will be totally free for you to download from the App store. |
I lost all of my cookies! | |
All of the cookies in Furcadia vanish every morning at 5AM Central Time (also known as FST, for Furcadia Standard Time). We think Beekin the Help Dragon eats them all. This keeps people from getting bogged down carrying thousands of cookies around. Never fear though, you get 3 brand new cookies every day. Or 12 cookies per day if you're a Silver Sponsor! |
How do I take a screenshot? | |
Simply press the Home button on the front of your iPhone/IPod, and the Sleep (on/off) button at the top back of the phone. Make sure you press them both at the same time. Your screenshot will be saved to your Camera Roll. |
How do I rate this app? | |
You can open iTunes and search for Furcadia, or click on this link to bring it up. On the iTunes Store screen for Furcadia, you can scroll down to Customer Ratings and rate our app, if you wish. |
Why does it freeze when I try to go to a new map? | |
Sometimes our file downloads get interrupted in the middle, or you might be in a location with a slow connection. Try clicking the "Last Map" button on the Maps Tab. Then you can try again if it was just a fluke, or try later from someplace with a faster connection if need be. |
How do I keep my screen on while playing? | |
When the Furcadia app receives no input for a while, your screen will first dim and later go blank, to help your battery last longer. If you simply tap your screen occasionally, or any time it dims, it should immediately go to full brightness and stay on for you. |
Why can't I choose which alt to play? | |
Run your Settings app and go to Furcadia. Make sure the Auto Login setting is turned off. That should fix the problem! |
Doctor, Doctor, it hurts when I go like this! | |
So don't go like this. |


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Milky Way | Clusters | Systems | Planets | Moons | Asteroids |
Space stations | Starships | Missions | Assignments | Locations | Planet Index |
Missions advance the main storyline in Mass Effect, Mass Effect 2, Mass Effect 3, Mass Effect: Infiltrator, and Mass Effect: Andromeda. The list contains all of the missions available within the game, and indicates how their names will change as the story progresses. Click on the links below for detailed walkthroughs.
Note: Most mission names below are linked to the relevant section of the walkthrough rather than their own pages. Because of the intertwined nature of most missions, the link may not lead to a section specifically about the mission name but you will certainly find relevant information.
- See also: Assignments, Mass Effect Guide, Mass Effect 2 Guide, Mass Effect 3 Guide, Mass Effect System Guide, Storyline
For an alphabetical list of missions see Category:Missions; for locations see Category:Mission Locations.
Mass Effect[]
- See also: Mass Effect Guide
Missions are listed mostly in the order they are received although some of the name updates happen after you receive another mission. Note that these missions are listed as the initially appear in the Journal, the names of missions do change as the game progresses.
- Prologue: On the Normandy → Prologue: Find the Beacon
- Citadel: Expose Saren
- Find Liara T'Soni
- Feros: Geth Attack
- Noveria: Geth Interest → Noveria: Leave Port Hanshan
- Noveria: Matriarch Benezia → Noveria: Death of a Matriarch
- Noveria: Peak 15
- Virmire: Saren's Plan
Mass Effect Galaxy[]
- See also: Mass Effect Galaxy Guide
The following missions represent the plot progression of the game Mass Effect Galaxy. They are sorted by order even if you can sometimes choose via the Galaxy Map which missions you prefer to start.
- Save the Arcturian Jade
- Into the Abyss
- Scum and Villainy
- A Formula for Hope
- A Batarian Army
- Protect the Council
Mass Effect 2[]
- See also: Mass Effect 2 Guide
Plot missions[]
These are the missions corresponding to the main story line, in time order (considering the earliest time you can acquire them). To clarify the time line, the main "Stop the Collectors" mission has been divided into its different sub-parts, as they appear when developing it in the Journal.
- Freedom's Progress
- Stop the Collectors: Assemble a team
- Omega: Aria T'Loak
- Stop the Collectors: Go to Horizon
- Horizon
- Illium: Liara T'Soni
- Stop the Collectors: Assemble a team (bis)
- Stop the Collectors: Investigate Collector Ship
- Collector Ship
- Stop the Collectors: Acquire Reaper IFF
- Reaper IFF
- Stop the Collectors: Await IFF Installation
- Stop the Collectors: Use Omega-4 Relay
- → Stop the Collectors: Defeat the Collectors
- → Collector Base: Infiltration
- → Collector Base: The Long Walk
- → Collector Base: Final Battle (no formal Journal entry)
- → Collector Base: The Long Walk
- → Collector Base: Infiltration
Dossier missions[]
The Illusive Man provides Commander Shepard with several leads on potential teammates.
Available after completing Freedom's Progress:
- Dossier: Archangel
- Dossier: The Convict
- Dossier: The Professor
- Dossier: The Warlord → Dr. Okeer's Legacy
Available after completing Horizon:
Loyalty missions[]
Loyalty missions may be skipped. This will not hinder the progression of the main story line. However, you should be aware that doing this could seriously impact the performance of your team and alter the final outcome.
- Garrus: Eye for an Eye
- Grunt: Rite of Passage
- Jack: Subject Zero
- Jacob: The Gift of Greatness
- Legion: A House Divided
- Miranda: The Prodigal
- Mordin: Old Blood
- Samara: The Ardat-Yakshi
- Tali: Treason
- Thane: Sins of the Father
Optional missions[]
Downloadable Content[]
- Dossier: The Master Thief
- Dossier: The Veteran
- Kasumi: Stealing Memory
- Lair of the Shadow Broker (Labelled Give Liara Intel on the Galaxy Map)
- Zaeed: The Price of Revenge
Mass Effect 3[]
- See also: Mass Effect 3 Guide
Mass Effect 3 classifies all journal items as missions. However, they are still categorized according to story relevance and optionality.
Plot Missions[]
Missions are listed in the order they are received. The "Priority" missions in this list are mandatory to complete the game; of the two pairs preceding Priority: Tuchanka and Priority: Rannoch you need only complete one of each pair.
- Prologue: Earth
- Priority: Mars
- Priority: The Citadel I
- Priority: Palaven
- Priority: Sur'Kesh
- Attican Traverse: Krogan Team (alternatively named as Attican Traverse: The Rachni)
- Tuchanka: Turian Platoon
- Priority: Tuchanka
- Priority: The Citadel II
- Priority: Perseus Veil
- Priority: Geth Dreadnought
- Rannoch: Admiral Koris
- Rannoch: Geth Fighter Squadrons
- Priority: Rannoch
- Priority: The Citadel III
- Priority: Thessia
- Priority: Horizon
- Priority: Cerberus Headquarters
- Priority: Earth
Galaxy at War Missions[]
None of the following missions are required to complete the game, although they will significantly increase your military preparedness for the final battle.
- Apien Crest: Banner of the First Regiment (alternatively named as Citadel: Banner of the First Regiment)
- Aria: Blood Pack
- Aria: Blue Suns
- Aria: Eclipse
- Arrae: Ex-Cerberus Scientists
- Athena Nebula: Hesperia-Period Statue
- Benning: Evidence (alternatively named as Benning: Dog Tags)
- Citadel: Alien Medi-Gel Formula
- Citadel: Asari Widow
- Citadel: Barla Von
- Citadel: Batarian Codes
- Citadel: Biotic Amp Interfaces
- Citadel: Cerberus Automated Turret Schematics
- Citadel: Cerberus Ciphers
- Citadel: Cerberus Retribution
- Citadel: Cerberus Turian Poison
- Citadel: Chemical Treatment
- Citadel: GX12 Thermal Pipe
- Citadel: Hanar Diplomat
- Citadel: Heating Unit Stabilizers
- Citadel: Improved Power Grid
- Citadel: Inspirational Stories
- Citadel: Kakliosaur Fossil
- Citadel: Krogan Dying Message
- Citadel: Medi-Gel Sabotage
- Citadel: Medical Supplies
- Citadel: Reaper Code Fragments
- Citadel: Target Jamming Technology
- Citadel: Volus Ambassador
- Citadel: Wounded Batarian
- Dekuuna: Code of the Ancients (alternatively named as Citadel: Code of the Ancients)
- Dekuuna: Elcor Extraction
- Grissom Academy: Investigation → Grissom Academy: Emergency Evacuation
- Hades Nexus: Obelisk of Karza
- Hades Nexus: Prothean Sphere
- Irune: Book of Plenix
- Ismar Frontier: Prototype Components
- Kite's Nest: Pillars of Strength (alternatively named as Citadel: Pillars of Strength)
- Mesana: Distress Signal → Kallini: Ardat-Yakshi Monastery
- N7: Cerberus Abductions
- N7: Cerberus Attack
- N7: Cerberus Fighter Base
- N7: Cerberus Lab
- N7: Communication Hub
- N7: Fuel Reactors
- Nimbus Cluster: Library of Asha
- Shrike Abyssal: Prothean Obelisk (alternatively named as Citadel: Prothean Obelisk)
- Silean Nebula: Rings of Alune
- Tuchanka: Bomb
- Valhallan Threshold: Prothean Data Drives
Downloadable Content Missions[]
Mass Effect 3: From Ashes
- Priority: Eden Prime (Labeled on the Galaxy Map as "Recover Prothean Artifact")
- Eden Prime: Resistance Movement
Mass Effect 3: Leviathan
- Citadel: Dr. Bryson (Labeled on the Galaxy Map as "Meet Dr. Bryson")
- Citadel: Leviathan I
- Leviathan: Find Garneau (Labeled on the Galaxy Map as "Scan for Dr. Garneau")
- Mahavid: Leviathan
- Citadel: Leviathan II
- Leviathan: Find Ann Bryson
- Namakli: Leviathan
- Citadel: Leviathan III
- Leviathan: Scan Locations
- Despoina: Leviathan
Mass Effect 3: Omega
- Citadel: Aria T'Loak
- Omega: Aria T'Loak
- Omega: Assist the Hacker
- Omega: Assist the Mechanic
- Omega: Assist Harrot
Mass Effect 3: Citadel
- Citadel: Shore Leave
- Citadel Wards: Ambush
- Citadel: Identity Theft I
- Silver Coast Casino: Infiltration
- Citadel: Identity Theft II
- Citadel Archives: Escape
- Citadel Docks: Retake the Normandy
- Citadel: Party
- Citadel Arena: Geth Challenge
- Citadel Arena: Spin Zone Elite Challenge
- Citadel Arena: Medi-Gel Challenge
- Citadel Arena: Reaper Solo Challenge
- Citadel Arena: Thermal Clip Challenge
- Citadel Arena: Prothean Challenge
- Citadel Arena: Cerberus Challenge
- Citadel Arena: Charity Reaper Challenge
- Citadel Arena: Unusual Scores
Mass Effect: Infiltrator[]
- See also: Mass Effect: Infiltrator Guide
Plot Missions[]
- Ice Giant
- Hangar Bay
- Medical Bay
- Security Checkpoint
- X1 Wing
- Colosseum
- Comm Relay
- Access Corridor
- Desert Planet
Bonus Missions[]
Mass Effect: Andromeda[]
- Main article: Missions (Mass Effect: Andromeda)
Similar to Mass Effect 3, in Mass Effect: Andromeda all journal items are missions and further classified according to story relevance and optionality. The mandatory missions are called Priority Ops. These are main story missions and are required to complete the game.
Priority Ops[]
- Prologue: Hyperion
- Planetside
- Nexus Reunion
- First Strike
- A Better Beginning
- AVP Cryo Deployment Perks
- A Trail of Hope
- Helping Havarl's Scientists (Priority Ops - Ryder partially completes Meet the Resistance mission arc)
- Meet the Resistance (Priority Ops - Ryder completes this mission before Helping Havarl's Scientists)
- On the Frontlines (only exists if Ryder completes Voeld before Havarl)
- Stage a Rescue (Priority Ops - if started by On the Frontlines)
- Hunting the Archon
- Elaaden: A New World
- H-047c: A New World
- The Journey to Meridian
- Meridian: The Way Home
- Epilogue: Home and Away
- The World is Waiting


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In The News
May 5th 2009Larry R. Bradley and Rob Richie: To increase voter turnout, try a more efficient election process
Omaha World-Herald
Op-ed by author Larry Bradley and FairVote Executive Director Rob Richie on why Omaha should dump its low turnout primaries in favor of instant runoff voting.February 24th 2009
For parties, the more the merrier
The City Paper
Letter to the Editor that appears in Nashville's The City Paper. Talks about how instant runoff voting would allow voters to vote for independents.November 13th 2008
Charter Club
Memphis Flyer
News article on the approval of IRV by Memphis voters.October 16th 2008
Instant Runoff Voting
The Memphis Flyer
The Memphis Flyer comes out in favor of the instant runoff voting measure on the November ballot.October 16th 2008
Instant runoff voting
Memphis Flyer
Memphis Flyer editorial in support of instant runoff voting.[ Previous ] [ Next ]


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Steven Jones
Foley High School
Foley, Alabama
Steven Jones was born the third of six children. After years of living in poverty, surrounded by substance abuse, his early education was filled with anger, discipline, and attendance problems. Steven wanted to excel, however. He found playing football a way to achieve his desires. "I wanted something better than what I had."
Opportunity was presented when Steven's teammate Travis Borders invited him to visit church. Steven was met with kindness. From other church members and football coach Todd Watson, he learned about the Sheriffs' Boys Ranch—a place where school-age children from situations of abuse could live, learn and thrive. Steven set his mind to a new course. He arrived at a pre-placement interview with suitcase in hand—ready to begin a new life.
Since then, Steven has played varsity football at Foley High School for three years. Coach Watson says, "He is the strongest player on the team. He was an All-County selection for two years and was recently selected as one of only 40 All-Stars statewide to represent Alabama in the Alabama-Mississippi All-Star Game." Steven maintains a 3.85 GPA, serves his church and community through volunteer work, and speaks publically on behalf of the Boys' Ranch and the United Way. He has received numerous awards and commendations for his athletic prowess, his inspirational influence and his academic achievements.
Nearest to Steven's heart is the role of peer leader/counselor at his school and the Boys' Ranch. House parents Daniel and Lauren McCrory wrote, "He is our oldest boy here at the Ranch, and all of the other boys look up to him…If you need something done, he is the one you can count on. When someone needs a friend, he is there for them. That is the kind of person he is."
Peer Helpers Coordinator Julia Q. Champion (who nominated Steven as a Young Hero) said, "Steven fully understands his role as a mentor to the younger boys and handles that pressure beautifully."
Ms. McCrory shared a conversation with Steven about his past and his parents. He told her, "I've forgiven them. I still love them. And when they are old and sick, I will take care of them. Even though they didn't take care of me, I will take care of them one day."
"This is the kind of character Steven Jones possesses," Ms. McCrory wrote. Truly, this is the kind of character that makes a young man a Young Hero of Alabama.
Young Hero Sponsors
The Young Heroes Program is made possible through the support of:


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What is Hypnobabies?
Hypno … BABIES?
Yes! These are babies whose parents choose to easily and naturally prepare for childbirth using the Hypnobabies method of Hypnotic Childbirth, which some might call "hypno-birthing". Hypnobabies however, is very different in that at Hypnobabies we teach real medical hypnosis techniques, creating an automatically peaceful, relaxing and more comfortable pregnancy, a calm confident Birth Partner, and an easier, more comfortable and sometimes pain-free natural birthing for our Hypno-Mom.
Hypnobabies is a very successful 6 week, 3-hours per week, complete childbirth education course that was adapted with permission from Gerald Kein's "Painless Childbirth Program" techniques rather than using simple relaxation, breathing or guided imagery. This allows our Hypno-Moms to enjoy "eyes-open childbirth hypnosis", easily remaining deeply in hypnosis while walking, talking and changing positions; being as mobile as they would like to be during childbirth. Hypnobabies is well-known for helping women to create much shorter, easier and more comfortable labors, making childbirth the joyful experience it was meant to be.
Expectant mothers use our Hypnobabies Workbook, CDs and hypnosis scripts to re-train their subconscious minds that contractions in labor will be perceived by their body as pressure or a squeezing-type sensations, and/or pushing, pulling and normal baby movement sensations. With the use of real, medical-grade hypnosis and the type of hypnotic compounding (repetition) that our Hypnobabies students learn, practice and use during labor, normal birthing sensations can easily be transformed into pleasurable ones. Our Hypno-moms are also fully in tune with their babies during the birthing process, and as aware of everything around them as they'd like to be, easily able to communicate with their support team, and completely in charge of their own birth experience.
Hypnobabies uses the same medical hypnosis techniques that people employ when preparing for surgery without any drugs, which is called hypno-anesthesia. Our classes also teach Hypnobabies Birth Partners how to fully support the Hypno-Moms, and Hypnobabies is also used very successfully by single mothers. A willing Birth Partner is a bonus!
Including a very comprehensive childbirth education curriculum also ensures that our Hypno-moms remain deeply committed to their Hypnobabies training, since they need not go anywhere else for childbirth education. Other natural childbirth classes are wonderful, but many teach "pain-coping", and "pain-management", which is directly in opposition to our Hypnobabies suggestions that encourage an easier, more comfortable, joyful childbirth. For more information, please see our Classes Frequently Asked Questions Page or our Self-Study Frequently Asked Questions Page
Did you know?
There are people that have life-threatening allergies to anesthetics who successfully undergo medical and dental surgery with hypnosis as their only anesthesia! If hypnosis can create effective pain elimination for surgeries of all kinds, we know it can work for childbirth, and it does quite well. Your mind is much more powerful than you may realize, and right now you're using only 10% of it. You can easily tap into that gold mine and you'll be amazed at what you can do!
For more information on hypnosis and its uses for childbirth, FAQs about hypnosis, Therapeutic Hypnosis vs. Stage Hypnosis, and more, please visit our HYPNOSIS page where you can also watch a video about hypnosis by Scott Sandland, CHt.
Hypnobabies® – Natural Childbirth at its best! Join our Hypnobabies Community and receive 10% off of all Hypnobabies pregnancy, birth, doula and postpartum products.


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- High JewelryZip
A familiar object, seen through new eyes, can become a work of art. The humble zipper is here transformed into an item of beauty.
We are in Paris, in the 1930s. Fashion designers have been searching for a simple way to fasten garments, to keep their surface smooth and their lines flowing. In an instant, buttons become outdated. It is the zipper's turn to steal the limelight. Inspired by the advent of the zipper in couture, Van Cleef & Arpels creates an ingeniously elegant way to celebrate its design.
Renée Puissant, daughter of the Maison's founding couple and Artistic Director at the time, was intrigued by a suggestion said to have been made by the Duchess of Windsor in the 1930s: transform the zip fastener into a jewel. In 1950, the Zip necklace was born. This beautiful piece cleverly converts into a bracelet when fully zipped.
The Zip collection pays homage to the world of couture in more than one way. Aside from recreating the zipper itself, the Maison has also realized filigree lacework, glittering bows, ruby ribbons and sumptuous tassels of precious stones, all honoring the craftsmanship of couturiers.
A necklace and a bracelet: a unique creation that unites art with technique.


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Dubh Artach Lighthouse
Acrylic on plywood
This newly finished painting is off to Frames Gallery in Perth soon for their winter show, which opens on 16th Nov.
Dubh Artach Lighthouse sits on an isolated basalt rock which protrudes just 35 meters above sea level at the head of a deep, 80 mile long submarine valley. The strong Atlantic currents rush in along the valley towards the Rhinns of Mull a few miles east before rising up and around the rock, causing a maelstrom of turbulence.
The lighthouse was begun in 1867 following the previous winter's storms, which sunk 27 vessels in the area. It was built by David and Thomas Stevenson (Robert Louis' father) to warn ships approaching Oban through the Firth of Lorne and stands 107 feet high above the rock base and is 37 feet in diameter. An incredible feet of engineering considering its extremely remote location 16 miles from land and the rock's tiny size! It could only be worked on at low tide in calm weather over the 5 years it took to build. Many of the workers lived on the rock in a small hut built on stilts during that time. It was automated in 1971, but it must have been a dreaded posting for many Scottish lighthouse keepers during its 101 years of being occupied.
So here it is, flashing its first beam of the night on a relatively calm summer evening.


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From Alex:
I can only wish I was so brave.
I have been following the reports of the massive destruction and progress in maintaining and rebuilding the areas of Japan that were affected, at first, by the Tsunami and then secondly, by the radiation leakage from the Fukushima Power Plant. Had the emloyees of Fukushima ran away screaming and hiding, the plant would have completely broken down, risking a devastating amount of radiation into the surrounding areas, and possibly further. But they didn't. They stayed and fought. And they continue to fight.
I was reading a lot about the group of heroic plant workers, now dubbed the "Fukushima 50" who are selflessly risking their lives to prevent the plant's destruction when I ran across THIS ARTICLE that really hit me. When asked why he risked his life to continue working and helping at Fukushima, Hiroyuki Kohno basically said "If I go, I will not return with the same healthy body. But I have no wife and no children, so I feel like it is my duty to fight." Almost immediately after reading that I had the urge to draw this image inspired by their bravery.
I have no idea how someone can be so brave, but I thank Kohno, and all of the other Fukushima workers for being, in the simplest term, HEROES.
My "HEROES" Print is now on sale online at Zerofriends and is available in both LIMITED & smaller, unlimited editions. Here are the details of the print as well as the information about the charity we are donating proceeds too.
Designed by Alex Pardee.
Limited Edition of 200
17" x 22" Printed with Archival Inks on Acid Free Velvet Cotton Rag.
Each print is hand signed and numbered by Alex Pardee.
PROCEEDS from the sales of these prints will be donated directly to the Fukushima Nuclear Power plant employees and their families via the American Nuclear Society in support of the rebuilding process after the
devastating damage caused by the recent Tsunami.
You can read about the charity organization HERE
Be a HERO and Buy it HERE
Monday, April 11, 2011
Alex Pardee's Fukushima "HEROES" Charity Print ON SALE NOW!
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NEWPORT, RI -- British singing and piano sensation Jamie Cullum brings his eclectic mix of jazz, pop and rock-influenced music to the opening night celebration of the CareFusion Newport Jazz Festival* on Friday, August 6, at 8:00 pm at the International Tennis Hall of Fame at Newport Casino. The evening opens with the saxophonist/singer Grace Kelly.
The festival continues August 7 and 8 at Fort Adams State Park; Cullum is set to perform on the Fort Stage on Saturday. Tickets and more information are available at newportjazzfest.net.
Get a sneak preview of Jamie Cullum in performance when he appears on The Bachelorette on Monday, May 31, at 8:00pm on ABC. For more information, visit http://abc.go.com/shows/the-bachelorette. Jamie Cullum, who has played guitar and piano since age eight, developed an avid interest in jazz from his older brother. He was inspired by piano icons Oscar Peterson and Dave Brubeck and spent some of his formative years living in Paris, where he honed his abilities performing in jazz clubs. Cullum will perform selections from The Pursuit, his first album in four years, as well as some of his favorite jazz standards and his own originals. His latest music embraces the full range of his diverse talents and far-flung musical passions. While it covers more stylistic ground than anything he's done previously, the album offers the same musical fluency, emotional commitment and lyrical wit that helped to make Cullum's prior releases Twentysomething and Catching Tales international crossover hits selling more than four million combined copies worldwide. He recorded his first album, Heard It All Before, at age 19, followed by Pointless Nostalgic.
After spending two years touring in support of Catching Tales, Cullum retreated from the spotlight and spent much of the next two years working on a variety of musical and non-musical endeavors. He and his older brother and frequent collaborator, Ben, joined forces for a dance music project, "BC vs. JC," that found the brothers creating melodic dance music in clubs across England. Jamie also contributed to albums for Pharrell Williams, the Count Basie Orchestra, Japan's Soil & Pimp Sessions, Norway's Beady Belle and France's Camille, as well as spent time as a Goodwill Ambassador to Ethiopia for UNICEF. Cullum's highest profile side projects saluted his courtship with Hollywood, beginning with the animated Disney feature Meet The Robinsons, in which Jamie was the singing voice of Frankie The Frog. He followed with his vocal on the Golden Globe-nominated "Best Original Song" from the John Cusack film Grace Is Gone, and culminated in his co-writing and performing with Clint Eastwood for the Golden Globe-nominated "Best Original Song" from 2008's Gran Torino. Now, he's back on the road celebrating The Pursuit at concert across Europe and the United States.
Eighteen-year-old Grace Kelly's career is definitely on the fast track. Wynton Marsalis (who performs on the Fort Adams Stage on Sunday) was so impressed with her three-night stand as guest of the Jazz at Lincoln Center Orchestra in November 2008 that he invited her to join the ensemble at the Kennedy Center in Washington, DC. Harry Connick, Jr. heard her in a master class and invited her to sit in with his band and she has been a featured guest on NPR's Piano Jazz with Marian McPartland. In addition, Grace has received numerous honors including The Boston Music Awards' "Outstanding Jazz Act," WCVB-TV's "Five Bostonians to Watch," Downbeat Critics Poll's youngest ever "Alto Saxophone Rising Stars," the Boston Phoenix's "Best Jazz Act in Boston" in the 2009 Best Music Poll (for the second consecutive year) and three ASCAP Young Jazz Composers Award. To this astonishing list of credits, Kelly adds Mood Changes, the fifth release on her PAZZ label. The album mixes six standards with four Kelly originals. She is particularly excited about the strides that Mood Changes reveals in her band leading skills. "There's nothing like playing my own music with my own band," she acknowledges. She also enjoyed critically acclaimed success on her previous album, Gracefulee, which has dominated the DownBeat Student Awards over the past four years. A student at Boston's Berklee College of Music, Grace enjoys "... playing all the time and just living music all day." Her College is also represented at the festival by the Berklee Global Jazz Institute Septet on Saturday afternoon.
George Wein made history 56 years ago when he started the festival era with the Newport Jazz Festival. Along with his company, New Festival Productions, LLC, Wein continues to present the best in established and rising stars, this year including Herbie Hancock, Chick Corea Freedom Band with Kenny Garrett, Christian McBride & Roy Haynes, Ahmad Jamal, Wynton Marsalis, Maria Schneider Orchestra, Chris Botti, Jason Moran's Bandwagon, Jon Faddis Quartet, Gretchen Parlato, Fly, Julian Lage Group, JD Allen Trio, David Binney Third Occasion Quartet, Darcy James Argue's Secret Society and many more.


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Wednesday, April 5th, 2017 by Julian Karsunky
CGI and Computer animation generally aim to produce the most polished and aesthetically pleasing results for the viewer, for obvious reasons. Enter Ugly, an experimental animated short that seemingly defies all rules and conventions of traditional animation, directed and produced by Russian-born filmmaker Nikita Diakur.
Exhibiting unique visuals and art direction bordering on the avant-garde, "Ugly" tells the story of a Native American chief and an ugly cat trying to find peace in a harsh environment. Having successfully received crowdfunding, the now finished short is about to hit this year's festival circuit before its public release, starting with the prestigious Animafest Zagreb.
We had the chance to talk to Nikita about 'Ugly', the creative vision behind it and the experimental approach his team took in animating.
Hi Nikita, thank you for taking the time to do this interview. First of all, I'd like to congratulate you and your team on finishing 'Ugly'! To start off, can you please briefly recount the process of working on the film these past years?
It took about 2 years to come up with the rough idea and around 4 years overall until the film was finished. There was no sudden lightbulb moment - like when there is an idea and you instantly know exactly what you are going to do and then go do it. It was more of a dynamic process and many good things happened over time via experimentation, problem-solving and learning from (as well as occasionally incorporating) mistakes.
From its name, the character design to the wonky animation: Visually, 'Ugly' seems like a deliberate aesthetic counterpoint to today's industry standards. How and why did you make the artistic choice to forgo conventional CG eye candy in favor of a more unique style?
Unless you're an extremely dedicated technical genius you can't really compete with big studios when it comes to eye candy photorealistic stuff. We decided to focus on other things. For us, it was to make the movie as ugly as possible while still maintaining visual appeal. It was difficult to strike that balance and it took some time to find the right look. We made many decisions to save time, like texturing with camera projection for example. We figured that it actually fits the story perfectly if the projection only works from one side and is broken on the other.
'Ugly' director and producer Nikita Diakur and Chief Redbear Easterman share a cup of coffee
Let's talk about animating 'Ugly' in more detail. You've just mentioned how the animation varies between physically accurate and broken. How did this come about, was it a conscious decision from the start?
In the beginning, we were planning to animate with bad linear keyframing, similar to the YouTube clip "Animation Showreel (Possibly the "best" ever) ". This clip is genius because although it's obviously bad, you can't immediately figure out if it was on purpose or not – it's very funny, especially if you're an animator.
I was just about to start animating, but then I stumbled upon a video of a ragdoll falling down a staircase. I started thinking we might save even more time if we simulated everything. So I made a ragdoll in Cinema 4D, put it on top of a staircase and let it fall. The animation was far different from the original: The character got stuck shaking in the middle of the stairs, trying to solve the simulation. After a while, he exploded into the air and dropped. I felt that it was realistic and broken at the same time, which again complements the themes of the movie very well: realistic and broken – beautiful and ugly.
That's how the animation with marionettes started. The animation in 'Ugly' was always all about the balance between staying in control and leaving enough room for randomness.
'Ugly' character model with puppet strings
How did this decision to incorporate an element of chance into the equation influence the art direction overall? Were there ever unexpected outcomes?
There were a lot of unexpected outcomes, more in the beginning than towards the end. These were mostly due to the physical engine still not being accurate enough and rarely because of software bugs. Most of the time it was the animator's fault though, like when I forgot to bake parts of the simulation or when working with too low simulation sampling. The more problems we had, the more we learned how to use them to our advantage for the final film.
Sounds intriguing, can you give us an example?
We made this giraffe puppet running in half gravity, but forgot to delete a keyframe on one of the connectors. Suddenly one leg fell off, but the giraffe just kept on running and tripping. In the end, the whole rig exploded and we ended up using the animation in the film. We later deliberately used the same "error" when animating the roaring lion.
Generally speaking, how important is experimentation for you as part of the creative process as a whole?
Very important! Otherwise, things grow stale and boring eventually. You'll never evolve or move forward artistically unless you step out of your comfort zone and find out what is and isn't possible.
We're proud that you used our services when it came to rendering 'Ugly'. What was your experience in using RebusFarm like?
I was very happy with the smooth integration in Cinema 4D. We had to render and rerender over 25.000 frames total, many of which went through RebusFarm. Overall it was comforting that we didn't have to worry about render time and could focus on other areas instead.
Now that production has finished, what are the next steps in releasing the film to a wider audience? How excited are you to finally share your work publically?
Right now we're in the process of submitting 'Ugly' to festivals. Since most of them have strict rules regarding public release, we, unfortunately, have to push back the online launch. 'Ugly' has been such a big part of my routine these last four years, I'm a little scared of falling into a deep dark hole now that everything is done.
We at RebusFarm wish Nikita all the best in the future and can hardly wait to find out about his next project. You can find more videos documenting 'Ugly's unique animation process on Nikita's Vimeo channel. Be sure to stay on the lookout for the online release coming soon and catch the film in all its broken glory!


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In the concluding chapter of his book The Democracy of Objects, Levi Bryant lists four theses of flat ontology, which I think summarizes his take on object-oriented ontology, which:
- "rejects any ontology of transcendence or presence that privileges one sort of entity as the origin of all others and as fully present to itself."
- "signifies that the world or the universe does not exist."
- "refuses to privilege the subject-object, human-world relation as either a) a form of metaphysical relation different in kind from other relations between objects, and that b) refuses to treat the subject-object relation as implicitly included in every form of object-object relation."
- "argues that all entities are on equal ontological footing and that no entity, whether artificial or natural, symbolic or physical, possesses greater ontological dignity than other objects." (245-246)
I want to write a post about each point, but in this post, I'll talk about Bryant's reason for positing object-oriented ontology, about which he is quite clear: he wants to remove humans from the center of philosophy. He does not, however, want to remove humans altogether from philosophy, an objective he considers silly. Rather, he wants to posit humans as one object among all other objects—sometimes the most important object, but not always.
Starting in Chapter One, "Grounds for a Realist Ontology", Bryant claims that too many Western thinkers since the Enlightenment have adopted a correlationist episteme that assumes that being can only be thought of in terms of our access to being, or knowledge of being, rather than in terms of being in itself:
As such, ontology becomes not an interrogation of being as such, but rather an interrogation of our access to being. The answer to the question, "what is being?" now, everywhere and always, carries a footnote, colophon, or bit of fine print such that the question must be read as "what is being for us?" (35)Consequently, and unfortunately for Bryant, questions about being in itself become meaningless. First, the modern argument goes, if we know something about the being of an object, then obviously we have access to that object, which reverts the question back to being for us. Second, to know some-thing requires that we have access to that thing, again reverting the question back to being for us. Thus, any questions about being become questions about what we can know about being. Epistemology trumps ontology.
As I was reading Bryant's complaint, I realized that I am an unconscious correlationist. I do not intuitively think and talk about being apart from my knowledge of being. In other words, talking about the being of things that I don't know about seems to me like school kids arguing politics on the playground. Still, Bryant has given me pause to think, and for that I am grateful. Let's see how.
First, he establishes for me that the being of an object in no way depends on my knowing that object. When I encounter an object, that object is always already there, a deceptively simple statement of the obvious: the object always brings its being to the encounter. My knowing the object, encountering the object, does not constitute the object's being. The object is a fact; it is not my fiction, though I invariably create a fiction out of it. Bryant opens his chapter with a wonderful quote from Bruno Latour's The Pasteurization of France which captures this independence of being better than I have:
Things-in-themselves? But they're fine, thank you very much. And how are you? You complain about things that have not been honored by your vision? You feel that these things are lacking the illumination of your consciousness? But if you missed the galloping freedom of the zebras in the savannah this morning, then so much the worse for you; the zebras will not be sorry that you were not there, and in any case you would have tamed, killed, photographed, or studied them. Things in themselves lack nothing, just as Africa did not lack whites before their arrival.So far, I'm comfortable with OOO, as are most people, for as Bryant notes even staunch correlationists concede that objects exist whether or not humans know about them; however, correlationists argue that since we have no access to things for themselves, then the issue is moot. For OOO, however, this is the core issue. So how do we speak about things that we cannot access, things in themselves and for themselves?
Here, Bryant turns to a discussion of Roy Bhaskar's ontology as developed in his book A Realist Theory of Science. Bhaskar begins with a simple question: "What must the world be like for science to be possible?" Bryant claims that this is a question about ontology and not about epistemology as Bhaskar is not asking what the mind must be like for science to be possible. Can we make reasonable speculations about the state of the world to which we have little or perhaps no direct access? Bhaskar and Bryant say we can and do.
Bryant makes several key speculations about what objects must be like in order for this world to make sense to us humans, especially scientific sense:
- Objects are "generative mechanisms" (Bhaskar's term) capable of producing effects, qualities, events, or actualities that other objects can perceive and interact with. Indeed, Bryant claims that "Objects … are defined not by their qualities or events, but rather by their powers or capacities" (68).
- "objects must be capable of behaving differently in open and closed systems" (67): Most experiments (as well as most traditional classrooms) aim for closed/simple domains where an experimenter can reliably trigger an object's particular generative powers (say, shine a light of a particular bandwidth or get a student to read a particular text) while controlling the effects of other objects (say, preventing light of different bandwidths or students reading different texts or no text). However, 99.9999% of the time, objects exist in the open/complex domain where the object's generative powers may remain dormant despite the proximity of a known, active stimulus, or the object's effects and qualities may be cancelled or obscured by the effects of other objects. In short, the simple, reductionist cause/effect or stimulus/response demonstrated in the closed/simple domain of a laboratory or classroom does not necessarily hold in the open/complex domain of the world.
- "objects … must be distinguished from events or actualities" (68): Given that objects can and do behave differently in closed and open systems, then Bryant insists that we cannot conflate the object, the generative mechanism, with its effects or qualities, which hearkens back to Aristotle's distinction between a substance and its accidents. Bryant claims that the substance of an object is always withdrawn, inaccessible to all other objects, including the object itself, which can only engage the effects or qualities of an object. For me, this creates a black hole at the heart of all objects, including myself. We can sense and engage the gravitational pull (effects) of the black hole object, but we cannot see inside. This disturbs me.
- "objects … must be independent of their relations" (68): Given that objects can be isolated within closed/simple domains, then for Bryant it follows that objects are not defined by their relationships to other objects. He does not deny that objects do, in fact, usually exist in relationships to other objects, but that they can be removed from those relationships; thus, they "must be independent of their relations" (68).
Let's start with Bhaskar's original question, reframed for education: what must the world be like for learning to be possible? Note that this is not a question about learning, or epistemology, but a question about ontology, what the world is like. I will have to do a serious review later, but it seems to me that most learning theories do not ask this question. A handy overview of learning theories from the Texas Tech University School of Pharmacy says:
- Constructivism focuses on how we construct our own understanding of the world, adjusting our mental models to accommodate new experiences.
- Behaviorism focuses on objectively observable behaviors and discounts mental activities, defining learning as nothing more than the acquisition of new behaviors.
- Piaget focuses on the process by which the developing child builds cognitive structures such as mental maps, schemes, or networked concepts for understanding and responding to physical experiences within his or her environment, moving from a few innate reflexes such as crying and sucking to highly complex mental activities.
- Learning styles theories focus on the fact that individuals perceive and process information in very different ways, implying that learning has more to do with whether the educational experience is geared toward a student's particular style of learning than whether or not they are smart.
- Multiple intelligence theories suggest there are multiple ways that people have of perceiving and understanding the world, each a distinct intelligence or set of skills allowing individuals to find and resolve genuine problems they face.
I could go on with the various brain-based approaches, Wegner's communities of practice, Glassner's control theory, Siemen's and Downes' connectivism, observational learning, Vygotsky's social cognition theories, but the point is that all these learning theories start with epistemology rather than ontology, or in the aberrant case of behaviorism, with observable changes in human and animal behavior. Perhaps this focus is to be expected—after all, we are talking about learning—but we might ask: what if they started with an understanding of what the world must be like for learning to occur, rather than blindly assuming that there is stuff out there that we can learn? What must that stuff out there be like for us to learn it? This just might be an important question. Likely there is a learning theory that starts with ontology or at least includes it, and I just don't know about it. If so, please leave a comment and a link.
If we follow Bryant's argument, for us to learn about something, then that something must have generative powers "capable of producing effects, qualities, events, or actualities" that we can interact with at some scale. This is tricky and subtle, I think. Of course stars, rocks, water, and trees are objects that produce effects (colors, textures, fields, etc.) that we can interact with and learn about, but what about democracy or Harry Potter? OOO says that Harry Potter has ontological status equal to that of rocks, stars, or me, a living human. Like rocks, political parties, and Volkswagens, Harry Potter produces effects that we humans can learn about. Hmm … that might rearrange the order of being for some teachers.
Then, because objects behave differently in closed and open systems—in simple and complex domains—what we can learn depends on whether or not we interact with a rock or Harry Potter in the closed, simple domain of a traditional classroom or a textbook or in the open, complex domain of the world, which is where rocks and Harry Potter spend 99.99% of their time. I think both domains have unique potentials for learning, but they are not the same potentials. This reminds me of how I structure my soccer practices, always beginning a practice in small, constrained spaces to focus on a single skill, but then opening the space until by the end of practice, the players are again in the full, open field. Who knew that OOO would provide rationale for that kind of training? This also helps me understand more about why the community as curriculum works so well for me and some others who want learning released into the wide world, at least some of the time. There are real, valid things you can learn in the wide, open world that you just cannot learn in a constrained, closed classroom.
Because objects behave differently, producing different effects and qualities in closed and open domains, then OOO says we must distinguish their generative powers from their qualities and effects. And while we have access to—can learn about—an object's effects, the generative mechanisms and powers that form the substance of an object are withdrawn from us. I can learn the colors, shapes, and chemical composition of rocks and the physical, social, and literary characteristics of Harry Potter, but the generative mechanism at the heart of a rock or Harry Potter withdraws from me.
This hidden heart of things still disturbs me, but mostly only in the human domain. I want to believe that I can know another and be known in return—my wife and I, for instance. However, OOO says I can know and be known only in part—valentine cards and love letters notwithstanding. Perhaps my resistance is vertigo, the result of standing at the edge of a black hole and looking over, my body rebelling at letting go.
Or I may be interpreting Bryant too harshly, and perhaps he is not isolating all things in their own little black hole bubbles; rather, perhaps he is saying there is more to any rock or fictional character than any other rock, fictional character, or human can ever experience and know. For instance, he quotes Jane Bennett, who in her 2010 book Vibrant Matter speaks of viewing a particular collection of objects in the street: "In this assemblage, objects appeared as things, that is, as vivid entities not entirely reducible to the contexts in which (human) subjects set them, never entirely exhausted by their semiotics" (5). Later, Bryant himself says: "The virtual proper being of objects consists not of qualities, but of powers and these powers are never exhausted by local manifestations. In this regard, there is never a complete mapping of any phase space, but rather only ever a limited mapping of a phase space dependent on the exo-relations into which the object has been placed" (121).
Well, you see how Bryant writes. I think he is saying that the substance of a rock or Harry Potter is not its collection of qualities (color, hardness, roundness or flatness of character, etc) but its powers to produce those qualities, and its powers to produce always exceed whatever qualities it produces in any given situation. In other words, there is always more to know about anything. Now, that's an idea I can support. I can learn somethings about rocks inside a volcano that I will not learn from rocks on the Moon. There is no little postcard collection of facts—which too often comprises traditional curricula—which captures all there is to know about anything. Nothing I can say about a thing ever completely maps or exhausts that thing. The map is not the land.
Now, most educators will likely agree that no teaching covers everything, but most students probably don't get that message. Rather, when they turn the page in the history text, they assume they know all they need to know about Julius Caesar, and they are done with him. This is an awful lesson to learn when even the most stubborn, dense rock is an inexhaustible font of knowledge. We can study anything to death, and the thing will continue to reveal long after we have lost interest. All teachers everywhere should rejoice.
Well, you see how Bryant writes. I think he is saying that the substance of a rock or Harry Potter is not its collection of qualities (color, hardness, roundness or flatness of character, etc) but its powers to produce those qualities, and its powers to produce always exceed whatever qualities it produces in any given situation. In other words, there is always more to know about anything. Now, that's an idea I can support. I can learn somethings about rocks inside a volcano that I will not learn from rocks on the Moon. There is no little postcard collection of facts—which too often comprises traditional curricula—which captures all there is to know about anything. Nothing I can say about a thing ever completely maps or exhausts that thing. The map is not the land.
Now, most educators will likely agree that no teaching covers everything, but most students probably don't get that message. Rather, when they turn the page in the history text, they assume they know all they need to know about Julius Caesar, and they are done with him. This is an awful lesson to learn when even the most stubborn, dense rock is an inexhaustible font of knowledge. We can study anything to death, and the thing will continue to reveal long after we have lost interest. All teachers everywhere should rejoice.
Finally—and I apologize for this being such a long post—Bryant says that objects are not reducible to their relations. Rather, there is something at the core of everything that is absolutely independent of everything else, defining itself solely in terms of its generative powers. At least, this is how I'm interpreting Bryant, and I find this most egregious. I don't like it. First, because I don't know of anything that is absolutely independent of its relations to other things—well, maybe neutrinos which appear to pass through the Earth and everything else unperturbed and not perturbing anything else. Or almost. We have found ways to detect them, and that can happen only through perturbations, or effects. And neutrinos do not exist by themselves but as a result of some nuclear process such as radioactive decay or nuclear reactions. Consider Latour's parable about the zebras that I started with above. The zebras may not need us humans, but they do need each other and the African savannahs. There is no zebra without relationship to something.
I think I understand why Bryant wants to define an object ontologically only by its internal, generative powers. I, too, have argued for definition from the inside-out rather than from the outside-in. When forced, however, I realize that I want to define an object from both directions as an evolving dialogic. The inside-out is in constant juxtaposition to the outside-in, and through a range of interactions between the two, energy, matter, information, and organization from one object constantly perturb and restructure the other object in a causal loop, so that the constitution of each evolves and changes the perturbations between them, which leads to more changes, and so on.
Bryant seems to agree that objects do have relations with other objects and are changed by those relations, but he insists that this does not define either object. Perhaps he is working hard here to protect and preserve the integrity of the object against any abuse from the outside. I have a kind of sympathy, but I don't see the advantage. I also don't think it's realistic. While an object can change any given relation with any given object, it does not follow for me that an object can exist independently of all relationships. For me, all objects are in a web of relationships with other objects, and they are defined both by what internal powers they bring to those relationships and by what perturbations those relationships bring to them. We can learn about a rock or Harry Potter, then, because they have an integrity of being in relationship with other objects with their own integrity and relationships.
Well, that took longer than I thought, but I am pleased that OOO has led me along some unfamiliar paths. Maybe you, too?


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ClipFlair Forums. Create discussion topics and get answers
Hi Agnieszka, I changed that RosettaStone fill-in-the-gaps activity to use the correct height for the captions component, so please download the new one from the gallery (if it keeps showing you the old one, try emptying the web browser cache or download from other computer or web browser to get the new version). also I made the text component readonly there so that the link you have works however, I'd expect the Clip component to show a video, not just point to the video in the text component
Hi all, I did some extra enhancement to ClipFlair Studio launch URLs, allowing to skip the .clipflair.zip extension for activities when referencing a URL from the ClipFlair activity gallery (only then the .clipflair.zip can be implied, other servers may not show extensions in URLs, so taking any URLs referencing other servers as load sources literally) e.g. now one can write http://studio.clipflair.net?activity=Rosa or http://studio.clipflair.net?activity=http://gallery.clipflair.net/activity/Rosa these are equivalent to the same URL with the .clipflair.zip suffix that you have seen before mentioned
Hi George! Thanks for repairing the activity! About the clips not working, this is the issue I reported before when I wrote that some of the clips, including Rosetta Stone, do not open. As far as I can remember you said they do open on yours. Please have a look at the URL from DB - the URL itself opens, but not in the CF Studio. It's like this with more clips, though not all. Any hints? Thanks, Agnieszka
According to Roula, you have to share a link from items in your public dropbox folder for it to work, not links from other Dropbox folders. However, activities that are in the ClipFlair gallery should try to ONLY use videos that are in the ClipFlair gallery to avoid getting them broken if video URLs from dropbox or elsewhere disappear. So why not submit that video (if haven't already) for inclusion in the ClipFlair gallery? (assuming we're ok with copyright or it's a 3-min small clip)?
Hi George, I attach one Spanish activity. Cristina
Hi George, I attach another Spanish activity. Cristina
Hi George, I attach the 1st Romanian activity. Cristina
Hi George, I attach two English activities. Cristina
Hi George, I attach another two English activities. Cristina
Hi Rocio, moved that post abou the video under the Material/Video topic, please reply there for any more video upload requests


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CASE DIAMETER | 38 mm. |
DISPLAY TYPE | Analog |
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