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Items where Subject is "EU policies and themes > Policies & related activities > budgets & financing"
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- EU policies and themes (11936)
Alcidi, Cinzia and Capolongo, Angela and Gros, Daniel (2020) Study on the sovereign debt sustainability in Greece during the economic adjustment programmes: 2010-2018. CEPS External Contribution 23 Oct 2020. UNSPECIFIED.
Alcidi, Cinzia and Gros, Daniel and Corti, Francesco (2020) Who will really benefit from the Next Generation EU funds? CEPS Policy Insight 05 Oct 2020. [Policy Paper]
Alfé, Manuela. (2007) When the Linkage of Issues is a Weapon: The EP and the New Financial Regulation. EIPAScope, 2007 (2). pp. 1-6.
Ali-Yrkko, Jyrki. (2005) Impact of Public R&D Financing on Private R&D: Does Financial Constraint Matter?. CEPS ENEPRI Working Papers No. 30, 1 February 2005. [Working Paper]
Allam, Miriam. (2007) Reward the Winners, Punish the Losers? Performance Budgeting Reconsidered. EIPAScope, 2007 (3). pp. 1-6.
Balassone, Fabrizio and Cunha, Jorge and Langenus, Geert and Manzke, Bernhard and Pavot, Jeanne and Prammer, Doris and Tommasino, Pietro. (2009) Fiscal sustainability and policy implications for the euro area. NBB Working Papers. No. 155, 21 January 2009. [Working Paper]
Baldwin, Richard E. (2005) The Real Budget Battle: Une crise peut en cacher une autre. CEPS Policy Briefs No. 76, 1 June 2005. [Policy Paper]
Baldwin, Richard E. (2005) Who finances the Queen's CAP payments? The CAP as a dooH niboR Scheme. CEPS Policy Briefs No. 88, 1 December 2005. [Policy Paper]
Bamberg, Katharina and De Somer, Marie and Mc Namara, Frank and Diez, Olivia Sundberg (2018) EPIM Policy Update July 2018. [Policy Paper]
Barci, Giovanni and Gros, Daniel and Núñez Ferrer, Jorge (2020) Towards a new MFF New priorities and their impact on Italy. CEPS Research Paper 20 February 2020. [Policy Paper]
Barrell, Ray and Barrett, Alan and Casserly, Noel and Convery, Frank and Goggin, Jean and Kearney, Ide and Kirby, Simon and Lunn, Pete and O'Brien, Martin and Ryan, Lisa (2008) BUDGET PERSPECTIVES 2009. RESEARCH SERIES NUMBER 4 OCTOBER 2008. UNSPECIFIED.
Barrett, Alan and Bergin, Adele and Coleman, Kieran and McHale, John and Morgenroth, Edgar and Walsh, John (2005) BUDGET PERSPECTIVES 2006. [Policy Paper]
Barrett, Alan and Coleman, Kieran and Delaney, Liam and Fahey, Tony and Gannon, Brenda and Kearney, Ide and McCarthy, Yvonne and Nolan, Brian and Walsh, John (2006) BUDGET PERSPECTIVES 2007. [Policy Paper]
Bassford, Matthew and Brune, Sophie-Charlotte and Gilbert, Jame and Helnemann, Friedrich and Misch, Florian and Moessinger, Marc-Daniel and Osterloh, Steffen and Weiss, Stefani (2013) The European Added Value of EU Spending: Can the EU Help its Member States to Save Money? Exploratory Study. UNSPECIFIED.
Begg, Iain (2009) New demands for EU spending: justifiable or fanciful? In: UNSPECIFIED.
Begg, Iain. (1999) "Reshaping the EU Budget: Yet Another Missed Opportunity?". In: UNSPECIFIED, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. (Unpublished)
Behrens, Arno and Nunez Ferrer, Jorge and Egenhofer, Christian. (2008) Financial Impacts of Climate Change: Implications for the EU Budget. CEPS Working Document No. 300, August 2008. [Working Paper]
Behrens, Arno. (2008) Financial Impacts of Climate Change: An Overview of Climate Change-related Actions in the European Commission's Development Cooperation. CEPS Working Document No. 305/September 2008. [Working Paper]
Behrens, Arno. (2008) Financial Impacts of Climate Change: What scale of resources is required? CEPS ECP Report No. 6, October 2008. [Working Paper]
Behrens, Arno. (2008) Financing Climate Change: Bailing out the environment in the long-term may be just as important as bailing out financial markets now. CEPS Commentaries, 7 October 2008. [Policy Paper]
Beirnea, Keelan and Doorley, Karnia and Regen, Mark and Tuda, Dora and Roantree, Barra (2020) BUDGET PERSPECTIVES 2021, PAPER 1, April 2020. THE POTENTIAL COSTS AND DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECT OF COVID-19. RELATED EMPLOYMENT IN IRELAND. [Policy Paper]
Benassy-Quere, Agnes and Pisani-Ferry, Jean and Coeure, Benoit and Jacquet, Pierre. (2009) The Crisis: Policy Lessons and Policy Challenges. Bruegel Working Paper 2009/06, 2 December 2009. [Working Paper]
Benedetto, Giacomo. and Rinaldi, David and Aden, Hartmut (2017) Transparency and Oversight of the Council's Budget: Council executive powers. CEPS Research Report No. 2017/11, July 2017. UNSPECIFIED.
Benford, Jake. (2010) spotlight europe #2010/11, December 2010: For whom the bell tolls: Britain's new coalition government. [Policy Paper]
Bercholz, Maxime and Roantree, Barra (2019) BUDGET PERSPECTIVES 2020, PAPER 1. CARBON TAXES AND COMPENSATION OPTIONS. June 2019. [Policy Paper]
Biasi, Marco (2013) Il nuovo articolo 18 dopo un anno di applicazione giurisprudenziale: un bilancio provvisorio = The new article 18 after a year of jurisprudential application: a provisional budget. WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona".IT – 181/2013. [Policy Paper]
Bojar, Abel (2018) With a Little Help from My Friends: Ministerial Alignment and Public Spending Composition in Parliamentary Democracies. LEQS Paper No. 133/2018 April 2018. [Discussion Paper]
Bosch, Xavier Vanden (2013) Revoir la trajectoire budgétaire ne signifie pas relâcher l'effort = Revisiting the budget path does not mean relaxing the effort. Egmont Commentary, 21 February 2013. [Policy Paper]
Bottazzi, Laura. (2004) R&D and the Financing of Ideas in Europe. CEPS Working Documents No. 203, 1 October 2004. [Working Paper]
Brender, Anton and Pisani, Florence and Gagna, Emile (2012) The Sovereign Debt Crisis: Placing a curb on growth. CEPS Paperbacks. May 2012. Series > Centre for European Policy Studies (Brussels) > CEPS Paperbacks . UNSPECIFIED. ISBN 978-94-6138-182-8
Brick, Aoife and Durkan, Joe and Keane, Claire and Lane, Marguerita and Miles, David and Nolan, Anne and Nolan, Brian and O'Leary, Jim and Walsh, John R. (2010) BUDGET PERSPECTIVES 2011. RESEARCH SERIES NUMBER 18 October 2010. UNSPECIFIED.
Böhmer, Michael and Hoch , Markus and Barišić , Manuela and Putzhammer, Fritz (2017) Balanced Budget and Investment Rule: Two Sides of the Same Coin?! Analyzing the economic effects of a binding public investment commitment in Germany. Bertelsmann Stiftung Inclusive Growth for Germany|7. UNSPECIFIED.
Callan, T. and Colgan, B. and Savage, M. and Walsh, J.R. (2015) BUDGET PERSPECTIVES 2016, PAPER 1. Exploring Tax and Welfare Options. June 2015. [Policy Paper]
Callan, T. and Colgan, B. and Savage, M. and Walsh, J.R. (2015) BUDGET PERSPECTIVES 2016, PAPER 2. Making Work Pay More: Recent Initiatives. June 2015. [Policy Paper]
Callan, Tim and Bercholz, Maxime and Walsh, John R. (2018) BUDGET PERSPECTIVES 2019, PAPER 3. INCOME GROWTH AND INCOME DISTRIBUTION: A LONG-RUN VIEW OF IRISH EXPERIENCE. July 2018. [Policy Paper]
Callan, Tim and Crilly, Niamh and Keane, Claire and Walsh, John R. and Ní Shúilleabháin, Áine and Borowitz, Michael and Moran, Valerie and Pearson, Mark and Normand, Charles (2011) Budget Perspectives 2012. RESEARCH SERIES NUMBER 22 October 2011. UNSPECIFIED.
Callan, Tim and Keane, C. and Savage, M. and Walsh, J.R. and Adam, Stuart (2013) Budget Perspectives 2014. RESEARCH SERIES NUMBER 31 June 2013. UNSPECIFIED.
Callan, Tim and Keane, Claire and Regen, Mark (2019) BUDGET PERSPECTIVES 2020, PAPER 2. ASSESSING THE DISTRIBUTIONAL IMPACT OF BUDGETARY POLICY: THE ROLE OF BENCHMARKS AND INDEXATION. June 2019. [Policy Paper]
Callan, Tim and Nolan, Brian and Walsh, John R. (2008) BUDGET PERSPECTIVES 2008. PENSION PRIORITIES: GETTING THE BALANCE RIGHT? [Policy Paper]
Callan, Tim and O'Dea, Cormac and Roantree, Barra and Savage, Michael (2016) BUDGET PERSPECTIVES 2017, PAPER 2. Financial Incentives to Work: Comparing Ireland and the UK. June 2016. [Policy Paper]
Callan, Tim and Regan, Mark and Savage, Michael and Walsh, John R. (2017) BUDGET PERSPECTIVES 2018, PAPER 2. INCOME DISTRIBUTION IN IRELAND: THROUGH RECESSION, TOWARDS RECOVERY. June 2017. [Policy Paper]
Calliess, Christian (2012) The future of the Eurozone and the role of the German Constitutional Court. Research Papers in Law, 05/2012. UNSPECIFIED.
Cardiff EDC, . (2013) Information Guide: The EU Budget. UNSPECIFIED.
Carrera, Sergio and Den, Hertog and Núñez Ferrer, Jorge (2018) Oversight and Management of the EU Trust Funds: Democratic Accountability Challenges and Promising Practices. CEPS Special Report, March 2018. UNSPECIFIED.
Chambon, Nadege and Timmerman, Peter. (2009) Le PAC et les Autres Politiques Europeennes: Particularites et Convergences. = The CAP and other EU policies: Peculiarities and convergence. Egmont European Affairs Paper, March 2009. [Working Paper]
Chomicz, Ewa (2017) EU budget post-Brexit. Confronting reality, exploring viable solutions. EPC Discussion Paper, 7 March 2017. [Discussion Paper]
Cipriani, Gabriele (2014) Financing the EU Budget: Moving forward or backwards? CEPS Paperback. Series > Centre for European Policy Studies (Brussels) > CEPS Paperbacks . UNSPECIFIED. ISBN 978-1-78348-330-3
Cipriani, Gabriele (2007) Rethinking the EU Budget: Three Unavoidable Reforms. CEPS Paperbacks. November 2007. Series > Centre for European Policy Studies (Brussels) > CEPS Paperbacks . UNSPECIFIED. ISBN 9789290797357
Cipriani, Gabriele. (2006) The Responsibility for Implementing the Community Budget. CEPS Working Documents No. 247, 4 July 2006. [Working Paper]
Cipriani, Gabrielle (2010) The EU Budget: Responsibility without accountability? CEPS Paperbacks. November 2010. Series > Centre for European Policy Studies (Brussels) > CEPS Paperbacks . UNSPECIFIED. ISBN 9789461380531
Coombes, David. (1991) "Public provision in an economic and monetary union: new functions for the budget of the European Community". In: UNSPECIFIED, Fairfax, Virginia. (Unpublished)
Cronin, David and McQuinn, Kieran (2017) The cyclicality of Irish fiscal policy ex-ante and ex-post. ESRI WP581, December 2017. [Working Paper]
Cuthbert, JIm and Cuthbert, Margaret. (2006) The Wrong Sort of Rebate: The Need to Reform the UK Budget Adjustment. CEPS Working Documents No. 236, 1 February 2006. [Working Paper]
Darvas, Zsolt (2019) A NEW LOOK AT NET BALANCES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION'S NEXT MULTIANNUAL BUDGET. Bruegel Working Paper Issue 10 12 December 2019. [Working Paper]
Darvas, Zsolt and Collin, Antoine Mathieu and Mazza, Jan and Midoes, Catarina (2019) Effectiveness of cohesion policy: learning from the project characteristics that produce the best results. Budgetary Affairs. STUDY requested by the CONT Committee. Bruegel. UNSPECIFIED.
Darvas, Zsolt and Pisani-Ferry, Jean and Röller, Lars-Hendrik and Santos, Indhira and Sapir, André and van Pottelsberghe, Bruno and Véron, Nicholas and Veugelers, Reinhilde and von Hagen, Jürgen and von Weizsäcker, Jakob. (2009) Memos to the new Commission- Europe's economic priorities 2010-2015. Bruegel Blueprint Series No. (10?), 27 August 2009. [Policy Paper]
Darvas, Zsolt. (2009) The impact of the crisis on budget policy in Central and Eastern Europe. Bruegel Working Paper 2009/05, 31 July 2009. [Working Paper]
De Clerck-Sachsse, Julia and Brüggemann, Michael and Kurpas, Sebastian. (2006) Towards communication? Evaluating the Activities of the European Commission in the field of Communication. Study commissioned by the European Parliament Budget Committee 31 August 2006. CEPS Special Reports, November 2006. UNSPECIFIED.
De Grauwe, Paul. (2011) Balanced budget fundamentalism. CEPS Commentary, 5 August 2011. [Policy Paper]
De Wilde, Pieter (2011) Competitive Representative Claimsmaking: Party Politicians and Institutional Factors in the Case of EU Budget Negotiations. [Conference Proceedings] (Unpublished)
Debrun, Xavier. (2007) Tying Hands Is Not Commitment: Can Fiscal Rules and Institutions Really Enhance Fiscal Discipline? Bruegel Working Papers, 2007/01, January 2007. [Working Paper]
Debuysere, Loes and Blockmans, Steven (2019) A Jumbo Financial Instrument for EU External Action? Bertelsmann Stiftung Commentary 19 February 2019. [Policy Paper]
Derviş, Kemal and Gros, Daniel and Öztrak, Faik and Işık, Yusuf and Bayar, Fırat. (2004) Turkey and the EU Budget: Prospects and Issues. CEPS EU-Turkey Working Papers No. 6, 1 August 2004. [Working Paper]
Doorley, Karina and Bercholz, Maxime and Callan, Tim and Keane, Claire and Walsh, John R. (2018) THE GENDER IMPACT OF IRISH BUDGETARY POLICY. ESRI EVIDENCE FOR POLICY, OCTOBER 2018. [Working Paper]
Doorley, Karina and Bercholz, Maxime and Callan, Tim and Keane, Claire and Walsh, John R. (2018) THE GENDER IMPACT OF IRISH BUDGETARY POLICY. ESRI SURVEY AND STATISTICAL REPORT SERIES, October 2018. UNSPECIFIED.
Doorley, Karina and Keane, Claire and McTague, Alyvia and O'Malley, Seamus and Regan, Mark and Roantree, Barra and Tuda, Dora (2020) Distributional impact of tax and welfare policies: COVID-related policies and Budget 2021. ESRI QEC Special Article December 2020. UNSPECIFIED.
Durkan, Joe (2008) Budget 2009. FFS/ESRI Budget Perspectives Conference, October 2008. UNSPECIFIED.
den Hertog, Leonhard (2016) EU Budgetary Responses to the 'Refugee Crisis': Reconfiguring the Funding Landscape. CEPS Paper Liberty and Security in Europe No. 93/May 2016. [Policy Paper]
d'Oultremont, Clémentine and Mijs, Arnout (2013) Reforming the System of Financing the EU Budget. Egmont European Affairs Paper, January 2013. [Working Paper]
Egenhofer, Christian and Kurpas, Sebastian and Kaczyński, Piotr Maciej and Van Schaik, Louise (2011) The Ever-Changing Union: An Introduction to the History, Institutions and Decision-making Processes of the European Union. 2nd Revised Edition. CEPS Paperbacks. April 2011. Series > Centre for European Policy Studies (Brussels) > CEPS Paperbacks . UNSPECIFIED. ISBN 9789290799801
Ferrer, Jorge Nunez. (2010) Some reflections on the EU budget review. CEPS Commentary, 21 October 2010. [Policy Paper]
Ferrer, Jorge Núñez (2012) Investing where it matters: An EU Budget for Long-Term Growth. CEPS Task Force Report, February 2012. UNSPECIFIED.
Ferrer, Jorge Núñez and Alcidi, Cinzia. (2018) Should the EU budget have a stabilisation function? CEPS Commentary, 30 May 2018. [Policy Paper]
Ferrer, Jorge Núñez and Katarivas, Moni (2014) What are the effects of the EU budget: Driving force or drop in the ocean? CEPS Special Report No. 86, April 2014. UNSPECIFIED.
Figueira, Filipa. (2007) The EU Budget - is this the moment for reform? CEPS Commentaries, 15 October 2007. [Policy Paper]
FitzGerald, John and Brewer, Mike and Browne, James and Jin, Wenchao and Callan, T. and Keane, C. and Savage, M. and Walsh, J.R. and Timoney, K. (2012) Budget Perspectives 2013. RESEARCH SERIES NUMBER 28 September 2012. UNSPECIFIED.
FitzGerald, John D. (1986) THE NATIONAL DEBT AND ECONOMIC POLICY IN THE MEDIUM TERM. THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE, DUBLIN, 1986. [Policy Paper]
Force, Task. (2011) The EU budget needs fundamental reform: an open letter to the European Council, the Council, the European Parliament and the European Commission. From the CEPS Task Force on Aligning the EU Budget with the Europe 2020 Competitiveness and Growth Objectives. CEPS Commentary, 16 June 2011. [Policy Paper]
Fuest, Clemens and Pisani-Ferry, Jean (2020) Financing the European Union: New Context, New Responses. Bruegel Policy Contribution September 2020. [Policy Paper]
Fujiwara, Noriko and Georgiev, Anton and Egenhofer, Christian. (2008) Financing Mitigation and Adaptation: Where should the funds come from and how should they be delivered? CEPS ECP Report No. 7, December 2008. [Working Paper]
Funk, Ole and Giuttenberg, Lucas and Hemker, Johannes and Tordoir, Sander (2019) Finding common ground A pragmatic budgetary instrument for the euro area Bertelsmann Stiftung Policy Paper 8 February 2019. [Policy Paper]
Gelauff, George, and Stolwijk, Herman, and Veenendaal, Paul. (2006) Europe's Financial Perspectives in Perspective. ENEPRI Working Paper, No. 46, 24 April 2006. [Working Paper]
Ghosh, Arunabha. (2010) Negotiating around tradeoffs: alternative institutional designs for climate finance. CEPS ECP Report No. 10, December 2010. [Working Paper]
Gorecki, Paul K. (2009) THE RECESSION, BUDGETS, COMPETITION, AND REGULATION: SHOULD THE STATE SUPPLY BESPOKE PROTECTION? RESEARCH SERIES NUMBER 12 OCTOBER 2009. UNSPECIFIED.
Goñi, Eduardo Zapico (1993) "National Budgeting for European Convergence." EIPAScope 1993(1):pp. 4-8. pp. 4-8.
Groenendijk, Nico. (1999) "Budgetary Discipline in Brussels: Numerical Target or Procedural Rules?". In: UNSPECIFIED, Pittsburgh, PA. (Unpublished)
Gros, Daniel and Micossi, Stefano. (2005) A Better Budget for the European Union: More Value for Money, More Money for Value. CEPS Policy Briefs No. 66, 1 February 2005. [Policy Paper]
Gros, Daniel. (2014) Europe's Dog in the Nighttime. CEPS Commentary, 12 November 2014. [Policy Paper]
Gros, Daniel. (2008) How to Achieve a Better Budget for the European Union? CEPS Working Document No. 289/April 2008. [Working Paper]
Gros, Daniel. (2012) The false promise of a eurozone budget. CEPS Commentary, 7 December 2012. [Policy Paper]
Guerrieri, Paolo and Jona-Lasinio, Cecilia and Manzocchi, Stefano. (2004) Searching for the Determinants of IT Investment: Panel Data Evidence on European Countries. CEPS Working Documents No. 199, 1 January 2004. [Working Paper]
Haas, Jörg (2017) EU budget: What's the cost of Europe? Bertelsmann Stiftung EUROPA Briefing 2017. [Policy Paper]
Haas, Jörg and Eulalia, Rubio and Schneemelcher, Pola (2018) THE MFF PROPOSAL: WHAT'S NEW, WHAT'S OLD, WHAT'S NEXT? Bertelsmann Stiftung Policy Brief 21 May 2018. [Policy Paper]
Hallerberg, Mark. (2003) "Budgeting in Europe: Did the domestic budget process change after Maastricht?". In: UNSPECIFIED, Nashville, TN. (Unpublished)
Hallerberg, Mark. (1999) "The Role of Parliamentary Committees in the Budgetary Process within Europe". In: UNSPECIFIED, Pittsburgh, PA. (Unpublished)
Haug, Jutta and Lamassoure, Alain and Verhofstadt, Guy and Gros, Daniel and De Grauwe, Paul and Ricard-Nihoul, Gaetane and Rubio, Eulalia and Perrin, Carole (2011) Europe for Growth: For a Radical Change in Financing the EU. CEPS Paperbacks. April 2011. Series > Centre for European Policy Studies (Brussels) > CEPS Paperbacks . UNSPECIFIED. ISBN 9789461380852
Hedberg, Annika (2018) The next EU budget: firmly rooted in the past? EPC Commentary 7 May 2018. [Policy Paper]
Heinemann, Friedrich (2017) The Common Agricultural Policy and the Next EU Budget. Bertelsmann Stiftung Reflection Paper No.1: Preparing for the Multiannual Financial Framework after 2020. Paper prepared for Expert Workshop "CAP and the next MFF" Berlin, Federal Foreign Office, 30 March 2017. UNSPECIFIED.
Heinemann, Friedrich and Weiss, Stefani (2018) The EU Budget and Common Agricultural Policy Beyond 2020: Seven More Years of Money for Nothing? Bertelsmann Shiftung Reflection Paper No. 3 August 2018. UNSPECIFIED.
Hessel, Roger. (2003) Defusing the Employment Time Bomb: Increasing Employment Rates - A Key Policy Measure for Maintaining Sustainable Pension in Europe. EPIAScope, 2003 (3). pp. 31-36.
Huguenot-Noël, Robin and Andor, László (2018) Balancing Openness and Protection: How can the EU budget help? EPC Commentary, 14 March 2018. [Policy Paper]
Iozzo, Alfonso. and Micoosi, Stefano. and Salvemini, Maria Teresa. (2008) A New Budget for the European Union? CEPS Policy Brief No. 159, 6 May 2008. [Policy Paper]
Kengyel, Àkos (2000) The EU´s Regional Policy and its extension to the new members. ZEI Discussion Paper: 2000, C 76. [Discussion Paper]
Kernohan, David and Núñez Ferrer, Jorge and Schneider, Andreas (2005) The EU Budget Process and International Trade Liberalisation. CEPS Working Documents No. 230, 1 October 2005. [Working Paper]
Klein, Richard J.T. and Persson, Asa. (2008) Financing Adaptation to Climate Change: Issues and Priorities. CEPS ECP Report No. 8, October 2008. [Working Paper]
Knudsen, Ann-Christina L. (2005) "Sovereign States and Supranational Money: Own Resources, and the Creation of a Financial Platform for the EU". In: UNSPECIFIED, Austin, Texas. (Unpublished)
Koelling, Mario (2006) "Explaining negotiations on financial perspectives 2007-2013: actors and institutions. How did New Member States do?". In: UNSPECIFIED, Pittsburgh, PA. (Unpublished)
Kostarakos, Ilias (2020) Determinants of the (non-Housing) Labour Income Share in the EU. ESRI Working Paper 693 December 2020. [Working Paper]
Kraemer, Moritz (2020) How to make EU bonds a safe(r) European asset. CEPS Policy Insights 14 JUL 2020. [Policy Paper]
Lankowski, Carl and Peterson, John and Laffan, Brigid and Kreppel, Amie (1999) ECSA Review 12/4, Fall 1999. Special Report. The European Union in 1999: Finances, Institutions, and War. [Review Essay]
Linder, Johannes. (2001) "Linking institutions with outcomes: An institutional assessment of the EU budgetary procedure". In: UNSPECIFIED, Madison, Wisconsin. (Unpublished)
Logue, Caitríona and Callan, Tim (2016) BUDGET PERSPECTIVES 2017, PAPER 3. Low Pay, Minimum Wages and Household Incomes: Evidence for Ireland. June 2016. [Policy Paper]
Lorca, Maria. (2005) The European Union Budget: The European Cup of Economic Affairs- UK vs France. Jean Monnet/Robert Schuman Paper Series. Vol. 1, No. 3, December 2005. [Working Paper]
Lunn, Pete and Robertson, Deirdre (2018) BUDGET PERSPECTIVES 2019, PAPER 2. USING BEHAVIOURAL EXPERIMENTS TO PRE-TEST POLICY. July 2018. [Policy Paper]
Maes, Ivo. (2007) "Macroeconomic governance in the European Union: Did we learn the lessons from the past? In: UNSPECIFIED, Montreal, Canada. (Unpublished)
Marzinotto, Benedicta (2002) Bringing Domestic Preferences Back Into the Budget: The Politics of Fiscal Consolidation in Italy (1992-1998). In: UNSPECIFIED, Florence, Italy.
Marzinotto, Benedicta. (2012) The long-term EU budget: size or flexibility? Bruegel Policy Contribution 2012/20, November 2012. [Policy Paper]
Matthijs, Herman (2010) The Budget of the European Union. IES WORKING PAPER 4/2010. [Working Paper]
McWilliams, Ben and Tagliapietra, Simone and Zachmann, Georg (2020) Greening the recovery by greening the fiscal consolidation. Bruegel Policy Brief July 2020. [Policy Paper]
Merola, Rossana and Pérez, Javier J. (2014) Fiscal Forecast Errors: Governments Versus Independent Agencies? ESRI Research Bulletin 2014/1/1. UNSPECIFIED.
Mesdag, Frederik (2017) Towards a new way to finance the EU budget? Reflections on the Monti Report. College of Europe Policy Brief #7.17, July 2017. [Policy Paper]
Micossi, Stefano. (2018) Commission rejection of Italian budget may be justified, but what comes next? CEPS Commentary, 25 October 2018. [Policy Paper]
Mijs, Arnout and Schout, Adriaan (2012) Views on the Commission's Draft EU Budget: Excessively ambitious or overly timid? EPIN Working Paper No. 32, January 2012. [Working Paper]
Mulas-Granados, Carlos (2003) "The Political and Economic Determinants of Budgetary Consolidation in Europe". European Political Economy Review, 1 (1). 015-039.
Muller, Benito. (2011) UN climate finance negotiations: what after Tianjin, and how? CEPS ECP Paper [Report] No. 11, January 2011. [Working Paper]
Nicolaides, Phedon and Talsma, Frank. (2005) Financing the European Union: Options for Reform. EIPAScope, 2005 (2). pp. 27-34.
Nicolaides, Phedon. (2005) National "Red Lines" Undermine European Budgetary Reform. EIPAScope, 2005 (1). pp. 45-46.
Nunez Ferrer, Jorge and Emerson, Michael. (2000) Goodbye, Agenda 2000 - Hello, Agenda 2003: Effects of the Berlin Summit on Own Resources, Expenditures and EU Net Balances. CEPS Working Document No. 140, February 2000. [Working Paper]
Nunez Ferrer, Jorge. (2008) The EU Budget at Risk of a New Policy Blunder. CEPS Commentaries, 5 June 2008. [Policy Paper]
Nunez Ferrer, Jorge. (2007) The EU Budget: The UK Rebate and the CAP – Phasing them both out? CEPS Task Force Reports, 8 November 2007. UNSPECIFIED.
Núñez Ferrer, Jorge (2012) Between a rock and the Multiannual Financial Framework. CEPS Commentary, 27 April 2012. [Policy Paper]
Núñez Ferrer, Jorge (2012) Chronicles of a disagreement foretold. CEPS Commentary, 28 November 2012. [Policy Paper]
Núñez Ferrer, Jorge (2016) The Multiannual Financial Framework post-2020: Balancing political ambition and realism. CEPS Policy Paper No. 2016/2, 18 November 2016. [Policy Paper]
Núñez Ferrer, Jorge (2020) Reading between the lines of Council agreement on the MFF and Next Generation EU. CEPS Policy Insights 31 Jul 2020. [Policy Paper]
Núñez Ferrer, Jorge (2014) What Cameron should have known: Q &A. CEPS Commentary, 4 November 2014. [Policy Paper]
Núñez Ferrer, Jorge and Gros, Daniel. (2018) The Multiannual Financial Framework, where continuity is the radical response. CEPS Commentary, 4 May 2018. [Policy Paper]
Núñez Ferrer, Jorge and Gros, Daniel. (2014) "An appalling way to behave". CEPS Commentary, 4 November 2014. [Policy Paper]
Núñez Ferrer, Jorge and Rinaldi, David (2016) The Impact of Brexit on the EU Budget: A non-catastrophic event. CEPS Policy Brief No. 347, September 2016. [Policy Paper]
Núñez Ferrer, Jorge and Volkery, Axel and Withana, Sirini and Medarova-Bergstrom, Keti (2012) The use of innovative financial instruments for financing EU policies and objectives: Implications for EU and national budgets. CEPS Special Report, October 2012. UNSPECIFIED.
Núñez Ferrer, Jorge. and Katarivas, Moni (2014) What are the effects of the EU budget: Driving force or drop in the ocean? CEPS Special Report No. 86/April 2014. UNSPECIFIED.
Núñez Ferrer, Jorge. and Micossi, Stefano. (2018) Expanding the reach of the EU budget via financial instruments. CEPS Commentary, 26 February 2018. [Policy Paper]
Osorio, Beñat Bilbao. (2002) Public Investment in R&D: Does public investment in R&D in lagging regions of the European Union have an impact on Innovation and GDP growth? If so, is it the most efficient mechanism to foster economic growth in these regions? In: UNSPECIFIED, Florence, Italy.
Osterloh, Steffen and Heinemann, Friedrich and Mohl, Philipp (2009) EU Budget Reform Options and the Common Pool Problem. In: UNSPECIFIED. (Unpublished)
O'Dea, Cormac and Preston, Ian (2014) BUDGET PERSPECTIVES 2015, PAPER 2. Can We Measure Who Loses Most from Public Service Spending Cuts? June 2014. [Policy Paper]
O'Neil, Patrick. (1997) "Financing the enlargement of the European Union: Opportunity or obstacle?". In: UNSPECIFIED, Seattle, WA. (Unpublished)
Pisani-Ferry, Jean. (2005) What's Wrong With Lisbon? Bruegel Third-Party Papers, June 2005. [Policy Paper]
Pitsvada, Bernard T. (1991) "Promoting Integration Through Budgetary Reallocation". In: UNSPECIFIED, Fairfax, Virginia. (Unpublished)
Poplawski, Konrad (2011) Niemcy wobec wieloletnich ram finansowych unii Europejskiej na lata 2014-2020. Uwarunkowania i interesy. Raport OSW, pazdziernik 2011. = Germany and the multiannual financial framework of the European Union for the period 2014-2020. Considerations and interests. OSW Report, October 2011. UNSPECIFIED.
Prange, Heiko. (1999) "Lessons from Financing the 'Silent' Enlargement of the European Union in 1990". In: UNSPECIFIED, Pittsburgh, PA. (Unpublished)
Puia, Dana Adriana. (2007) "The More the Merrier: The Impact of Enlargement on EU Budgetary Negotiations". In: UNSPECIFIED, Montreal, Canada. (Unpublished)
Redmond, Paul (2020) BUDGET PERSPECTIVES 2021, PAPER 2, May 2020. THE POTENTIAL COSTS AND DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECT OF COVID-19. MINIMUM WAGE POLICY IN IRELAND. [Policy Paper]
Regan, Mark and Keane, Claire and Walsh, John R. (2018) BUDGET PERSPECTIVES 2019, PAPER 1. LONE-PARENT INCOMES AND WORK INCENTIVES. July 2018. [Policy Paper]
Renda, Andrea. (2019) FEASIBILITY STUDYSTUDY: INTRODUCING "ONE-IN-ONE-OUT" IN THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION Final Report for the German Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy Presented by the Centre for European Policy Studies, 5 December 2019. UNSPECIFIED.
Riley, Alan. (2003) The Civil False Claims Act: Using Lincoln's Law to Protect the European Community Budget. CEPS Policy Brief No. 43, December 2003. [Policy Paper]
Rinaldi, David and Núñez Ferrer, Jorge (2017) The European Fund for Strategic Investments as a New Type of Budgetary Instrument. CEPS Research Report No 2017/07, April 2017. UNSPECIFIED.
Roantree, Barra and Bercholz, Maxime and Doorley, Karina and Keane, Claire and Regan, Mark (2018) Budget 2019. Quarterly Economic Commentary Special Article, Winter 2018. [Working Paper]
Ruding, H. Onno. (2012) The EU budget becomes politically more explosive. CEPS Commentary, 3 December 2012. [Policy Paper]
Sadecki, Andrzej (2014) In a state of necessity. How has Orban changed Hungary. OSW Point of View Number 41, April 2014. UNSPECIFIED.
Saint-Amans , Pascal (2024) Broader border taxes: a new option for European Union budget resources. Bruegel Policy Brief Issue 06/24, March 2024. [Policy Paper]
Santos, Indhira and Neheider, Susanne. (2009) Reframing the EU budget decision-making process. Bruegel Working Paper 2009/03, May 2009. [Working Paper]
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Sapala, Magdalena (2013) The European Union Multiannual Financial Framework 2014-2020: How to do more for less? IES Policy Brief Issue 2013/05 • May 2013. [Policy Paper]
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Savage, Michael and Callan, Tim and Regan, Mark and Walsh, John R. (2017) BUDGET PERSPECTIVES 2018, PAPER 1. SUPPORTING FAMILY INCOMES: GETTING THE BALANCE RIGHT. [Policy Paper]
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Spinaci, Gianluca and Vara-Arribas, Gracia. (2009) The European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation (EGTC): New Spaces and Contracts for European Integration. EIPAScope, 2009 (2). pp. 5-13.
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The other day we were programming a new website feature for a client that required the use of URL encode and URL decode functions.
We realized that our uber-cool web tools site didn't have any web based URL encode or decode functions, which would have been handy during our testing. So, we've added them to our web based tools site for the next time we need them.
Here are the links to the new tools:

subset: commoncrawl


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President Claire Leads 'House of Cards' Without Kevin Spacey in First Season 6 Teaser
So long, Frank Underwood. President Claire is behind the Oval Office desk as House of Cards prepares for its final season with a busy first teaser, and nary a Kevin Spacey in sight.
House of Cards took advantage of the 2018 Academy Awards to debut its first Season 6 teaser, having resumed production on its sixth and final run in December. The footage itself seems largely shot for the teaser, but we do get the wonderful visual of Robin Wright's President Claire Underwood declaring "We're just getting started," as the closing moments promise a fall 2018 premiere.
Elsewhere of House of Cards Season 6, we know Diane Lane and Greg Kinnear will join the final eight episodes in mysterious roles, along with Versace: American Crime Story star Cody Fern as a character conceived prior to Kevin Spacey's exit. As of yet it remains unclear how the final season will handle Frank Underwood's off-screen exit, though we at least know star Reg E. Cathey's final performance will take place in this summer's Luke Cage return, thus precluding Freddy's return.
We'll likely hear more in the coming months, so stay tuned for the latest on House of Cards' final season.
Check Out 100 TV Facts You May Not Know!


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Member since: 2008request-
Vachat One of Many towers over most other sapients at 2.5 meters when standing at full height, high-average for the species, although individuals tend to slouch on account of their rounded dermal shell. The species can walk on all fours, in which case they closely resemble armadillos, with a segmented hide shell that protects all but their furred underbelly, although walking on two legs is the norm. The head of the species, however, is more akin to a black rhinoceros, with angular, aggressive lines, a beak-like mouth, and two horns on the nose. The hands and feet of the species bear long claws like those of the pangolin. Despite this, their manual dexterity is consummate with other bipedal species. The species is not considered lithe; adults weighing less than 130kg are rare. Like other creatures bearing conveniently placed fur, clothing is optional and generally eschewed.
Vachat One of Many is virtually indistinguishable from other members of his species physically, and in fact historical accounts of his appearance vary widely. His weapon could most accurately be described as a sword, although it is designed as much for crushing as slicing, and is anything but aesthetically pleasant. Made from what could have been a leg bone of some long-extinct megafauna, from pommel to tip it measures just under 2 meters, and curves slightly inwards along the cuttting edge. Although its alchemical alteration leaves it with a glassy sheen, and various gemstones and runes adorn its length, its appearance betrays its organic origins. A jagged mound runs along the length of the weapon to serve as a blunt blade, and knobby sidelong protrusions tip the balance toward the business end, facilitating crushing hammer-like blows. I imagine its silhouette bearing a passing reseblance to an old phone receiver, although I don't know if that translates well to anyone else's imagination.
Any changes? need to eat and watch face off with the Mrs. And smoke... need to smoke. And...Is the Black white thing an issue? He can be colorized.
And Now to go watch a movie. will wait here on it for needed changes or additions.
AHHH YESSSS. I still kept eyeing off this request but I am SO HAPPY seeing you work on it!
Nothing stops you from doing your own version :)
Message sent.
Nice work.


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A new study released shows that among patients undergoing surgery for chronic wounds related to diabetes, the risk of wound-related complications is affected by how well the patient's blood sugar levels are controlled before surgery. These findings appear in the October issue of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.
The risk of serious wound complications is more than three times higher for patients who have high blood glucose before and after surgery, and in those with poor long-term diabetes control, according to the study by ASPS Member Surgeons Drs. Matthew Endara and Christopher Attinger of the Center for Wound Healing at Georgetown University, Washington, DC.
The researchers emphasize the need for "tight control" of glucose levels before surgery for diabetic patients at high risk of wound complications.
High Blood Glucose Levels Linked to Higher Risk of Wound Complications
The researchers analyzed rates of wound-related complications in 79 patients undergoing surgery for closure of chronic wounds—a common and troublesome complication of diabetes. Blood glucose levels were measured five days before and after surgery. Hemoglobin A1c, a key indicator of long-term diabetes control, was measured an average of two weeks before surgery.
Blood glucose levels and diabetes control were analyzed as risk factors for wound dehiscence (a serious complication in which the surgical incision re-opens), wound infections and need for repeat surgery. Blood glucose levels over 200 were considered to represent elevated blood glucose (hyperglycemia).
The results showed a higher risk of wound complications in patients who had high blood glucose levels either before or after surgery. For example, wound dehiscence occurred in about 44 percent of patients who had high glucose levels before surgery, compared to 19 percent of those without preoperative hyperglycemia.
The risk of wound dehiscence was also higher for patients with high blood glucose levels after surgery and for those with high hemoglobin A1c levels (that is, poor long-term diabetes control). With adjustment for other factors, the risk of wound dehiscence was more than three times higher for patients with hyperglycemia or elevated hemoglobin A1c around the time of surgery.
Need for 'Tight Control' of Glucose Levels during Surgery
Patients with wide swings in blood glucose levels—variation of more than 200 points—were about four times more likely to undergo repeat surgery. Otherwise, blood glucose levels and hemoglobin A1c were unrelated to the risk of reoperation or wound infections.
In recent years, tight control of blood glucose levels has been shown to improve a wide array of outcomes in patients with diabetes. For patients with chronic skin ulcers occurring as a complication of diabetes, hyperglycemia has been linked to delayed wound healing and an increased risk of infections. Surprisingly, the new study is one of the first to look at how blood glucose levels affect the risk of complications in patients undergoing surgical treatment for chronic diabetes-related wounds.
"Chronic and perioperative glucose management in high-risk patients undergoing surgical closure of their wounds is significantly associated with outcomes," Dr. Attinger and colleagues write. They note that episodes of high blood glucose can occur around the time of surgery even in many patients with previously good diabetes control.
The results help to make the case for "tighter glycemic control" in diabetic patients undergoing surgery with a high risk of wound complications, Dr. Attinger and co-authors believe. They note that surgeons may need to consult with specialists to manage diabetes control in these "medically complex patients." However, more research will be needed to confirm whether tighter control of blood glucose levels around the time of surgery will actually reduce the rate of wound-related complications.
Source: Wolters Kluwer Health


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20 April 2017
South Holland's a reliable place when it comes to family holidays
You know you're going to get satisfying food: pancakes, siroopwafels, poffertjes (which are essentially pancakes again, but small versions) and chips. The cycling's well-designed for little legs, with flat cycle paths, well away from cars.
Read more on pigeonpairandme.com/2016/11/gouda-cheese-market-holland-netherlands.html10 November 2023
→ Read this blog post29 June 2023
→ Read this blog post5 April 2022
Don't be put off by the thought of busy airports – take it slow and enjoy these trips taking in beaches, cities, spas and great food and drink, by ferry or train
→ Read this blog post19 January 2022
A Dutch treat for cheese lovers an those wanting to get beyond Amsterdam
→ Read this blog post19 January 2022
The 25 most exciting destinations to share with family and friends this year—and the data you need to plan your trip safely.
→ Read this blog post13 September 2019
Mi suggeriscono di dire questo quando si sorride per scattare le foto: Say Cheese Say Gouda (e mi raccomando la pronuncia: si dice "hhhauda"!)
→ Read this blog post15 January 2019
La ciudad holandesa de Gouda, a 20 kilómetros de Róterdam, es famosa por sus quesos
→ Read this blog post13 September 2018
Experienced travellers Vicky and Chris of Eat Sleep Love Travel tell you all about their trip to Gouda.
→ Read this blog post16 August 2018
My domestic travel life in the Netherlands embracing Dutch culture and exploring Haarlem, Amsterdam and more.
→ Read this blog post29 June 2018
Cheese Valley is a small region in an area known as the Green Heart of Holland, covering four towns and cities, each with its own cheese history and traditions.
→ Read this blog post29 June 2018
A palavra Gouda te lembra alguma coisa além daquele queijo redondo que vem dentro da latinha?
→ Read this blog post29 June 2018
Your free self-guided walking tour of Gouda with the best things to do in Gouda
→ Read this blog post11 May 2018
Gouda is great fun for the family and worldschooling. Why? Because, what kid does not love cheese? Ours all do, and (to be honest) so do I, therefore Gouda, pronounced How dah, was anticipated with an air of excitement. This gorgeous town has a great history all tied up with Cheese. Therefore making it the ideal spot to do some worldschooling. Learning and eating go quite nicely together! Gouda is located in South Holland, a Midwest province of the Netherlands and famous for… you guessed it. Cheese!
→ Read this blog post16 April 2018
Blog by Arts Talk Magazine about the exhibition of Pieter Pourbus at Museum Gouda
→ Read this blog post9 October 2017
"Going back in time - as well as into the future - accessibly"
→ Read this blog post9 October 2017
Cheese Valley is a collaboration between Gouda, Krimpenerwaard, Bodegraven-Reeuwijk and Woerden and tells the story from cow to cheese.
→ Read this blog post20 April 2017
Last spring, we visited south Holland, staying in a holiday park by the sea.
→ Read this blog post12 April 2017
We have many cheese choices in specialist shops and even our local supermarket. Gouda can easily be overlooked.
→ Read this blog post7 April 2016
In the Middle Ages a settlement was founded by the Van der Goude family, who built a castle on the banks of the Gouwe River.
→ Read this blog post13 September 2015
If you enjoy cheese plus insights into regional heritage and culinary traditions then make a note to visit Gouda's long established cheese market next summer.
→ Read this blog post


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CANTON, Ohio (AP) -- Each morning at a transit facility in Canton, Ohio, more than a dozen buses pull up to a fueling station before fanning out to their routes in this city south of Cleveland.
The buses -- made by El Dorado National and owned by the Stark Area Regional Transit Authority -- look like any others. Yet collectively, they reflect the cutting edge of a technology that could play a key role in producing cleaner inter-city transportation. In place of pollution-belching diesel fuel, one-fourth of the agency's buses run on hydrogen. They emit nothing but harmless water vapor.
Hydrogen, the most abundant element in the universe, is increasingly viewed, along with electric vehicles, as one way to slow the environmentally destructive impact of the planet's 1.2 billion vehicles, most of which burn gasoline and diesel fuel. Manufacturers of large trucks and commercial vehicles are beginning to embrace hydrogen fuel cell technologies as a way forward. So are makers of planes, trains and passenger vehicles.
Transportation is the single biggest U.S. contributor to climate change, which is why hydrogen power, in the long run, is seen as a potentially important way to help reduce carbon emissions.
To be sure, hydrogen remains far from a magic solution. For now, the hydrogen that is produced globally each year, mainly for refineries and fertilizer manufacturing, is made using natural gas or coal. That process pollutes the air, warming the planet rather than saving it. Indeed, a new study by researchers from Cornell and Stanford universities found that most hydrogen production emits carbon dioxide, which means that hydrogen-fueled transportation cannot yet be considered clean energy.
Yet proponents of hydrogen-powered transportation say that in the long run, hydrogen production is destined to become more environmentally safe. They envision a growing use of electricity from wind and solar energy, which can separate hydrogen and oxygen in water. As such renewable forms of energy gain broader use, hydrogen production should become a cleaner and less expensive process.
Within three years, General Motors, Navistar and the trucking firm J.B. Hunt plan to build fueling stations and run hydrogen trucks on several U.S. freeways. Toyota, Kenworth and the Port of Los Angeles have begun testing hydrogen trucks to haul goods from ships to warehouses.
Volvo Trucks, Daimler Trucks AG and other manufacturers have announced partnerships, too. The companies hope to commercialize their research, offering zero-emissions trucks that save money and meet stricter pollution regulations.
In Germany, a hydrogen-powered train began operating in 2018, and more are coming. French-based Airbus, the world's largest manufacturer of airliners, is considering hydrogen as well.
"This is about the closest I've seen us get so far to that real turning point," said Shawn Litster, a professor of mechanical engineering at Carnegie Mellon University who has studied hydrogen fuel cells for nearly two decades.
Hydrogen has long been a feedstock for the production of fertilizer, steel, petroleum, concrete and chemicals. It's also been running vehicles for years: Around 35,000 forklifts in the United States, about 4% of the nation's total, are powered by hydrogen. Its eventual use on roadways, to haul heavy loads of cargo, could begin to replace diesel-burning polluters.
No one knows when, or even whether, hydrogen will be adopted for widespread use. Craig Scott, Toyota's head of advanced technology in North America, says the company is perhaps two years from having a hydrogen truck ready for sale. Building more fueling stations will be crucial to widespread adoption.
Kirt Conrad, CEO of Canton's transit authority since 2009, says other transit systems have shown so much interest in the technology that SARTA takes its buses around the country for demonstrations. Canton's system, which bought its first three hydrogen buses in 2016, has since added 11. It's also built a fueling station. Two California transit systems, in Oakland and Riverside County, have hydrogen buses in their fleets.
"We've demonstrated that our buses are reliable and cost-efficient, and as a result, we're breaking down barriers that have slowed wider adoption of the technology," Conrad said.
Read More: Will Electric Flying Race Cars Be a Reality This Year?
The test at the Port of Los Angeles started in April, when the first of five semis with Toyota hydrogen powertrains began hauling freight to warehouses in Ontario, California, about 60 miles away. The $82.5 million public-private project eventually will have 10 semis.
Hydrogen fuel is included in President Joe Biden's plans to cut emissions in half by 2030. The infrastructure bill the Senate approved passed this week includes $9 billion for research to reduce the cost of making clean hydrogen, and for regional hydrogen manufacturing hubs.
The long-haul trucking industry appears to be the best bet for early adoption of hydrogen. Fuel cells, which convert hydrogen gas into electricity, provide a longer range than battery-electric trucks, fare better in cold weather and can be refueled much faster than electric batteries can be recharged. Proponents say the short refueling time for hydrogen vehicles gives them an edge over electric vehicles for use in taxis or delivery trucks, which are in constant use.
That advantage was important for London-based Green Tomato Cars, which uses 60 hydrogen fuel cell-powered Toyota Mirai cars in its 500-car zero emission fleet to transport corporate customers. Co-founder Jonny Goldstone said his drivers can travel over 300 miles (500 kilometers) on a tank and refuel in three minutes.
Because drivers' earnings depend on fares, Goldstone said, "if they have to spend 40, 50 minutes, an hour, two hours plugging a car in in in the middle of the working day, that for them is just not acceptable."
For now, Green Tomato is among the largest operators of hydrogen vehicles in what is still a tiny market in Europe, with about 2,000 fuel cell cars, garbage trucks and delivery vans on the roads.
About 7,500 hydrogen fuel cell cars are on the road in the U.S., mostly in California. Toyota, Honda and Hyundai produce the cars, which are priced thousands more than gasoline-powered vehicles. California has 45 public fueling stations, with more planned or under construction.
Unlike with buses and heavy trucks, experts say the future of passenger vehicles in the U.S. lies mainly with electric battery power, not hydrogen. Fully electric vehicles can travel farther than most people need to go on a relatively small battery.
And for now, hydrogen production is adding to rather than reducing pollution. The world produces about 75 million tons a year, most of it in a carbon emission-creating processes involving steam reformation of natural gas. China uses higher-polluting coal.
So-called "blue" hydrogen, made from natural gas, requires an additional step. Carbon dioxide emitted in the process is sent below the earth's surface for storage. The Cornell and Stanford study found that manufacturing blue hydrogen emitted 20% more carbon than burning natural gas or coal for heat.
That's why industry researchers are focused on electrolysis, which uses electricity to separate hydrogen and oxygen in water. Hydrogen mixes with oxygen in a vehicle's fuel cell to produce power. The amount of electricity generated by wind and solar is growing worldwide, making electrolysis cleaner and cheaper, said Joe Cargnelli, director of hydrogen technologies for Cummins, which makes electrolyzers and fuel cell power systems.
Currently, it costs more to make a hydrogen truck and produce the fuel than to put a diesel-powered truck on the road. Hydrogen costs about $13 per kilogram in California, and 1 kilogram can deliver slightly more energy than a gallon of diesel fuel. By contrast, diesel fuel is only about $3.25 per gallon in the U.S.
But experts say that disparity will narrow.
"As they scale up the technology for production, the hydrogen should come down," said Carnegie Mellon's Litster.
While a diesel semi can cost around $150,000 depending on how it's equipped, it's unclear how much fuel cell trucks would cost. Nikola, a startup electric and hydrogen fuel cell truck maker, estimated last year that it would receive about $235,000 for each hydrogen semi it sells.
Clean electricity might eventually be used to make and store hydrogen at a rail yard, where it could refuel locomotives and semis, all with zero emissions.
Cummins foresees the widespread use of hydrogen in the U.S. by 2030, sped by stricter diesel emissions regulations and government zero-emissions vehicle requirements. Already, Europe has set ambitious green hydrogen targets designed to accelerate its use.
"That's just going to blow the market open and kind of drive it," Cargnelli said. "Then you'll see other places like North America kind of follow suit."


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The Twins Headguard has additional padding in the chin and cheek areas. It allows for a good range-of-vision while still offering a high degree of protection.
It is designed for full contact sparring and holds up to the punishment dished out by world-class fighters. The firm, high-density foam padding and greater face coverage increase safety and improve the balance between comfort and shock absorption.
Made from high grade Thai leather.
- Handmade in Thailand
- Designed for sparring
- Lace-up top
- Durable Velcro back closure


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Korean artist Cheong-ah Hwang has created this stunning Alice image using a technique of layering paper to create a 3D effect. To see other (non-Carollian) images she has created, click here. Wouldn't it be great to see a whole edition of the Alice books illustrated by this talented, self-taught artist?
Here she shares photos of creating it!
You can also buy a giclee print of this image in two sizes on Etsy.
Lovely work!


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He also just penned "It is wrong to claim that the global shark population is declining," an op ed for the Guardian newspapers in London.
The electronic ink had not even dried on that article before howls of discontent and gnashing of teeth could be heard across the shark conservation spectrum.
It is wrong to claim that the global shark population is declining
Your article reports the assertion by conservation groups that "growing demand for shark fins, coupled with modern fishing methods, has caused a rapid decline in shark populations around the world" (A bloody business: Japanese town feeding appetite for shark fin soup, 12 February).
But there is no clear evidence for a global decline in shark stocks. Reduced catches can reflect various factors such as the intensity of fishing methods and variations in demand, in addition to the actual level of stocks.
In particular, the article refers to the blue shark as having been designated "near threatened" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The fact is that an assessment of the blue shark population since 1971, published by the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (an organisation of 25 nations and regions including Japan, the US, Australia, New Zealand and the EU), demonstrated that stocks declined in the 1980s but later recovered to exceed the 1971 figure, and remained stable thereafter.
It is also notable that "near threatened" is the second least serious of the seven categories employed by the IUCN – which itself declares that the blue shark does not qualify for "threatened" status.
You report: "Several countries, including the US, have taken steps to conserve shark populations, but [the shark conservationist Mayumi Takeda] holds out little hope that Japan will follow suit." However, Japan is in fact one of the few countries to have prepared its own action plan based on the UN's International Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks.
In addition, Japan has not only been providing data on shark stock assessment to the relevant international bodies but has also been encouraging the promotion of appropriate stock management methods.
Japan has been at the forefront of international efforts to protect threatened species. For example, at the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) conference in 2009, Japan supported a proposal to ban the retention of thresher sharks in the Atlantic Ocean (the proposal would mean that the sharks have to be released immediately after capture). At the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission in 2010, Japan supported the EU bid to prohibit the retention of three types of thresher shark.
At the ICCAT in 2010, Japan proposed banning the retention of oceanic whitetip sharks, which was adopted. Japan also supported the EU proposals to ban the retention of hammerhead sharks and porbeagle sharks, though the latter was not adopted due to opposition from other countries.
Every country has its own dietary practices based on its particular historical and cultural background, and such matters should be discussed in a respectful way. Protecting sharks and other species requires a factual, science-based approach. This is how Japan will continue its efforts.


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Left and Right direction Custom forged wheels provide more airflow for cooling discs and brake system by acting as wind turbine. Left and right Custom forged wheels are produced for every combination.
3 Piece of Forged Rims6061-t6 aluminum Present diameters are 19, 20, 21, 22 inchesPresent Width 8.5 – 13 inches2 piece Aluminum Center LogoHigh Strength and LightnessStainless Steel ConnectorsVehicle specific Offset, ET, Wheel Nut Clearance and fine calculation of central diameterBolt view and blind hole optionUnlimited Color Choices5 years of product guaranteeDelivery to every region of the world


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We all love that feeling, though gambling, the share of you going over-the-counter limit is way higher than other type of games. Problem gamblers do not know the best way to stop gambling and fully engaged in it. Once you crossed the line, however no turning back for instances. This is the statistic, significantly 5% of social gamblers, are problem gamblers or addicts. In other words, via 20 people, one person has gambling addiction, that is a concern that we can easily not disappear.
The problem gambler will gamble in times of celebration and special events. He spends his time gambling while on holiday to relax, and during times of crisis in order to create himself far better. Inevitably, he spends much more time gambling than he originally planned.
You also need to consider staving off annoying people when playing slots so that you can have your full attention at basketball. It is normal for slot players to obtain distracted when they see annoying people when playing video slot games.


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Object.GetHashCode Method
Some information relates to prerelease product that may be substantially modified before it's released. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, with respect to the information provided here.
Serves as the default hash function.
virtual int GetHashCode();
public virtual int GetHashCode ();
abstract member GetHashCode : unit -> int
override this.GetHashCode : unit -> int
Public Overridable Function GetHashCode () As Integer
A hash code for the current object.
For more information about this API, see Supplemental API remarks for Object.GetHashCode.
Notes to Inheritors
A hash function is used to quickly generate a number (hash code) that corresponds to the value of an object. Hash functions are usually specific to each type and, for uniqueness, must use at least one of the instance fields as input. Hash codes should not be computed by using the values of static fields.
For classes derived from Object, the GetHashCode
method can delegate to the base class GetHashCode() implementation only if the derived class defines equality to be reference equality. The default implementation of GetHashCode() for reference types returns a hash code that is equivalent to the one returned by the GetHashCode(Object) method. You can override GetHashCode() for immutable reference types. In general, for mutable reference types, you should override GetHashCode() only if:
You can compute the hash code from fields that are not mutable; or
You can ensure that the hash code of a mutable object does not change while the object is contained in a collection that relies on its hash code.
Otherwise, you might think that the mutable object is lost in the hash table. If you do choose to override GetHashCode() for a mutable reference type, your documentation should make it clear that users of your type should not modify object values while the object is stored in a hash table.
For value types, GetHashCode() provides a default hash code implementation that uses reflection. You should consider overriding it for better performance.
For more information and examples that compute hash codes in a variety of ways, see the Examples section.
A hash function must have the following properties:
If two objects compare as equal, the GetHashCode() method for each object must return the same value. However, if two objects do not compare as equal, the GetHashCode() methods for the two objects do not have to return different values.
The GetHashCode() method for an object must consistently return the same hash code as long as there is no modification to the object state that determines the return value of the object's System.Object.Equals method. Note that this is true only for the current execution of an application, and that a different hash code can be returned if the application is run again.
For the best performance, a hash function should generate an even distribution for all input, including input that is heavily clustered. An implication is that small modifications to object state should result in large modifications to the resulting hash code for best hash table performance.
Hash functions should be inexpensive to compute.
The GetHashCode() method should not throw exceptions.
For example, the implementation of the GetHashCode() method provided by the String class returns identical hash codes for identical string values. Therefore, two String objects return the same hash code if they represent the same string value. Also, the method uses all the characters in the string to generate reasonably randomly distributed output, even when the input is clustered in certain ranges (for example, many users might have strings that contain only the lower 128 ASCII characters, even though a string can contain any of the 65,535 Unicode characters).
Providing a good hash function on a class can significantly affect the performance of adding those objects to a hash table. In a hash table with keys that provide a good implementation of a hash function, searching for an element takes constant time (for example, an O(1) operation). In a hash table with a poor implementation of a hash function, the performance of a search depends on the number of items in the hash table (for example, an O(n
) operation, where n
is the number of items in the hash table). A malicious user can input data that increases the number of collisions, which can significantly degrade the performance of applications that depend on hash tables, under the following conditions:
When hash functions produce frequent collisions.
When a large proportion of objects in a hash table produce hash codes that are equal or approximately equal to one another.
When users input the data from which the hash code is computed.
Derived classes that override GetHashCode() must also override Equals(Object) to guarantee that two objects considered equal have the same hash code; otherwise, the Hashtable type might not work correctly.
Applies to
See also
Coming soon: Throughout 2024 we will be phasing out GitHub Issues as the feedback mechanism for content and replacing it with a new feedback system. For more information see:Submit and view feedback for


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Starving Army Vet Battling Cancer Calls 911 for Food
This is about as moving as it gets.
Clarence Blackmon, an 81-year-old Army veteran from Fayetteville, North Carolina who has cancer, recently called 911 to say he was starving and needed food because he didn't have any. His actual words?
What I need is someone to get to the store and bring me some food because I have to eat something."
Authorities arrived at Blackmon's home with food and, after his story went public, he's been besieged with offers from people all over the country looking to lend a hand. He now has plenty of food in a story that has touched many.
No one knew Blackmon was in such dire straits because the Department of Social Services was not notified after he had been released from a rehab center, leaving him to fend for himself, which ultimately led to his desperate call to 911.
Blackmon is touched by the generosity he has seen and now wants people interested in helping to make a donation to the Salvation Army to help others who need it.


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Let's indulge in some armchair economics to explore some big-picture ideas derived from previous posts. This draws especially on the prior post -- about my thought experiment of an all-knowing economic demon, that leads to the idea of an invisible handshake, as replacing the invisible hand.
(This sequel is best understood after reading that.)
I suggest a kinder, gentler kind of scarcity. Some scarcity is unavoidable, so our solution is not the extreme peer-to-peer "economics of abundance" that some now advocate -- with its limited ability to motivate and sustain serious production of value. The solution is to re-imagine the socio-economic contract between consumers and the producers that create value for them, to ensure a business model for producers. To maximize the value produced, and the entrepreneurial creativity, we need to motivate organizations that are selfishly driven by a desire for profit. I suggest a new kind of market that rewards the production of intangible stuff, based on a this new socio-economic contract -- neither the limited motivational power of pure altruism, nor the deadweight loss of artificial scarcity. And I suggest that this new economy can evolve from where we are, starting now, with the FairPay architecture outlined in this blog.
Allocating scarce resources with the invisible hand
The beauty of the Smith's invisible hand is that it set prices in a way that worked not only at a micro level, but also as a basis for an allocation of resources for society at large. The whole edifice of market economics has been based upon this.
But now the digital world creates strange new rules, at least in that special portion of our markets. So then, for the digital domain, what now?
- We now have freemium and other new models, but do they have any real economic rationale? Do they tell us how to allocate resources in a way that is good and efficient for individual producers and consumers, and across society?
- Many producers rely on some form of artificial scarcity as a way to sustain revenues, but put the accent on artificial -- this has no fundamental basis, and creates no balance or fairness in resource allocation, "The inefficiency associated with artificial scarcity is formally known as a deadweight loss" (Wikipedia article on artificial scarcity), This may help keep producers solvent, but is fundamentally very hit or miss.
- We also have the sharing economy, that recognizes digital abundance with its emphasis on collaboration and open-source, but with questions of efficiency, effectiveness, and sustainability at scale.
An invisible handshake -- allocating share of wallet in a post-scarcity digital economy
I propose doing allocation in digital markets with an invisible handshake, because the game changes without scarcity of supply. What matters is no longer a dance of a market as a whole at a given point in time, but a dance of each consumer with each producer over time. So what should determine price?
- Each producer can provide as much as is desired by each consumer. There is no inherent supply constraint -- all that matters is whether the compensation from that consumer satisfies that producer.
- Prices for different consumers need not bear any relationship. What does it matter if some pay more and some pay less? Maybe that depends on how much they want to use, what value they get, and how able they are to pay. We are conditioned to think price discrimination is unfair (and sometimes illegal), but that is true only when unilaterally enforced by excess producer power, not if done for reasons acceptable to consumers.
- If I negotiate over time, in "dialogs about value," to share the economic surplus of my digital purchases, I am forced to allocate my spending within some digital budget, across all of my suppliers. I can do that any way I wish (to the extent that each supplier agrees to permit).
- If all consumers do that, then all suppliers get their fair share of all of the wallets for all of their consumers. They sell as much as their aggregate market population desires, at a sum of prices that is the maximum each market particpant is comfortable allocating.
- Given a scarcity of nothing but wallet, what works for each individual pair in the market leads to a result for all pairs that approximates a market-wide optimum.*
- The invisible hand applies external market-wide forces (supply vs. demand) to producers and consumers at a given point in time (actually a short interval), It pushes them together to a market price. That pricing process indirectly leads to an approximately optimal distribution of scarce supply resources.
- The invisible handshake is driven by an agreement between individual consumers and producers to seek a mutually beneficial relationship. That binds them in an emergent process that generates prices over the course of the relationship, and indirectly allocates the wallet share of each participating consumer to demand as much digital wealth as each is willing to pay for -- at prices that work for each of them individually -- to compensate producers for producing as much as each one -- and thus the total population -- values.
- Digital products and services can be instrumented to generate detailed usage data that correlates to the actual value received.
- Both parties participate in ongoing dialogs about value, which add subjective insight, but still can be partially validated by the usage data.
- Based on these dialogs, the producer extends pricing "credit" to the consumer. If the consumer abuses this credit, they get less credit, and lose some or all of the ongoing privileges of the handshake.
- This process generates consumer reputation ratings for fairness with each producer. Since a good reputation rating has benefits (much like a credit rating), consumers will seek to maintain it.
It is this balance of forces -- the subject of the handshake -- that governs the allocation of wallet (in an approximation of the wisdom of the pricing demon).** Different producers can manage their own policies to make their handshakes very strict and demanding, or more loose and forgiving. Different segments of the population may play the game more or less fairly and honestly. But the process will adapt, and find workable relationships for most segments of the market. (And conventional pricing can be applied for those segments that fail the handshake.)
This provides the basis for a post-scarcity economy, at least for digital -- and perhaps more broadly. The digital goods and services are not scarce, but the willingness of consumers to sustain producers is scarce. The invisible handshake governs an allocation of that willingness to sustain. To/from each consumer according to his willingness and ability to pay. To/from each producer according to their ability to create realized and recognized value.
As noted in the prior post, this handshake enables a kind of first degree price discrimination. Conventional economics views first degree price discrimination as economically efficient, but not feasible. But what emerges from the handshake is a new kind of first degree price discrimination that is feasible and agreed to by each consumer.
A kinder, gentler -- and more sustainable -- market
This enables a broader sense of economic value than is generally addressable in conventional markets.
- The invisible hand allocates supply and demand for particular items at particular times, thus narrowing consideration, in ways that ignore sustainability and other aspects of social value ("externalities"). Many have sought to broaden the focus of producers with notions of "Creating Shared Value" (CSV) and triple or quadruple bottom lines, that factor in financial, environmental, and social (and other) dimensions.
- The invisible handshake creates prices that reflect not just financial value, but whatever dimensions of social value the producer-consumer pair want to reflect in the dialogs about value. There is no need for added bottom lines, or separate CSV objectives -- CSV is integral to the handshake.
- It is the lack of past and future that create many of the problems in conventional market economics. We balance supply and demand in the short term, with no direct way to factor in long-term consequences for the individual parties, or society as a whole. Addressing those "externalities" by bolting on special measures (taxes, subsidies, etc.) is artificial and very problematic.
- With the invisible handshake, the whole focus is on a relationship over time. Value shares may fluctuate in the short term, but move toward a desirable sharing over the life of the relationship. Sustainability can factor in directly.
Instead of trying to find a price, we need to find a broader kind of agreement. Instead of agreeing on price. we price out of agreement. That agreement will naturally vary from person to person and from time to time. The effect of this "invisible handshake" is to draw producers and consumers into a more cooperative, balanced, and productive relationship.
Moving from here to there will take learning and adjustment by all market participants. But digital has already shattered the market for content to bits -- shouldn't we take advantage of this opportunity?
Now that our digital market has been shattered to bits...
Moving from here to there will take learning and adjustment by all market participants. But digital has already shattered the market for content to bits -- shouldn't we take advantage of this opportunity?
Ah, Love! could you and I with Him conspire
To grasp this sorry Scheme of Things Entire!
Would not we shatter it to bits--and then
Re-mold it nearer to the Heart's Desire!
To grasp this sorry Scheme of Things Entire!
Would not we shatter it to bits--and then
Re-mold it nearer to the Heart's Desire!
-- Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, Edward FitzGerald translation
*There is of course the important case of ad-supported digital services that take no share of wallet. It seems clear that this is not sufficient to support all digital services but it will remain an important contributor. The handshake process can factor in the value of ad viewing as one part of the compensation that offsets any monetary price, and thus takes less share of wallet. In fact, any aspect of value (attention paid to ads, personal information made available for sale, referrals, etc.) can be factored in as credits into these dialogs about value.
**Of course conventional set prices (or any pricing scheme at all) will also effect some kind of allocation of wallet. But is there any economically sound rationale? -- it is arbitrary, crude, and not personalized (as the pricing demon would suggest), and thus results in significant deadweight losses (notably the value not provided to those who would benefit from and pay fairly for it).
**Of course conventional set prices (or any pricing scheme at all) will also effect some kind of allocation of wallet. But is there any economically sound rationale? -- it is arbitrary, crude, and not personalized (as the pricing demon would suggest), and thus results in significant deadweight losses (notably the value not provided to those who would benefit from and pay fairly for it).


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A. Flashing orange (or orange and purple) lights
A. Flashing orange (or orange and purple) lights
B. One red rear-facing light positioned in the centre of the rear of the overhang
C. One red light, as per B, with a white light facing sideways either side
D. One flashing red rear-facing light, positioned in the centre of the load
The forward distance is the measurement is from the rear axis to the front of the vehicle or its load.
The maximum distance a vehicle or its load may extend forward from the front edge of the driver's seat (in its rearmost position) is three metres.
On a rigid vehicle that has two axle sets and is steered by the front axle set the front axis is as shown - the centre point of the front axle.
The maximum width allowed for a vehicle (other than an agricultural vehicle) including its load is 2.55m, or 1.275m each side of a longitudinal centre line.
Straps or tensioning devices must not be permanently or rigidly fixed to the vehicle.
The only extra width allowed is:
The maximum height from the ground permitted for a vehicle, including its load is shown above at point 2. It is 4.3m including lashings, tarpaulins, straps, chains or covers (load securing devices). The straps or tensioning devices must not be permanently or rigidly fixed to the vehicle.
When you are driving a heavy vehicle, or any vehicle towing a load, you will need to be aware of signs (such as the one shown on the left) on bridges and other spans across roads indicating a maximum height clearance.
The maximum forward distance for a heavy rigid vehicle without a tow coupling is shown above at point 1, and is 9.5m. If the vehicle has a tow coupling it is reduced to 8.5m.
For a heavy rigid vehicle whose rear-most axle is a non-steering axle, the maximum rear overhang permitted including its load is shown at point 4. It is the lesser of 4m or 70% of the wheelbase.
The maximum overall length for a heavy rigid vehicle including its load when not towing a trailer is shown at point 3 above. It is 12.6m not including collapsible mirrors, or 11.5m if towing a trailer.
A tandem axle is two axles where the centres are spaced no less than 1 metre and no more than 2 metres apart. A tri-axle set means three axles where the centres of the first and third axels are spaced no less than 2m apart and no more than 3m apart with all axles containing an equal number of tyres and none of the axles being a single standard-tyred axle.
The wheelbase is measured from the rear axis to the centre of the foremost axle. In a tandem axle, as shown above, the rear axis is half way between them. If it was a single axle, the rear axis is where the rear axle is.
Heavy motor vehicles must display two or more approved red reflectors. The reflectors must be at least 30cm2 in diameter and they must be placed at 1.5m above ground level, but not more than 2.1m if 1.5m is impractical.
The maximum width permitted for a heavy trailer (other than an agricultural trailer) from its longitudinal centre line is 2.55m, the same as other vehicles.
The maximum overall length for a rigid vehicle and semi-trailer combination (including load, but excluding collapsible mirrors) is 19m. If it was with a trailer, it would be 20m. The maximum overall length for any heavy motor vehicle towing two trailers is 20m. This length applies whether it's an A-train, B-train, pole trailer or simple trailer.
The maximum distance a load may extend behind the body of a trailer before an over-dimension flag is required on the end of the load is 1m. There are different lighting requirements depending on the dimensions of the load. At night the flag must be replaced by one or more lights, depending on the characteristics of the load. If the load is up to 1m long and more than 1m wide then you only need one rear-facing red light in the centre of the load.
Heavy motor vehicles and vehicles fitted with a flat deck or tray for carrying goods that are parked on the street at night must display a rear-facing red light that is visible at least 100m away and is on the side of the vehicle closest to the centre line. If it's an over-dimension vehicle (i.e. one with a projecting load) then the lights must be visible from at least 200m away during the hours of darkness.
Rear overhang means the distance from the rear axis to the rear of the vehicle or its load, whichever is greater. The maximum for a heavy full trailer is 4 metres or 50 percent of the wheelbase, as shown in the diagram above, whichever is less.
For a semi-trailer, forward distance means the distance from the rear axis of the semi-trailer to the centre of the kingpin. The maximum is 9.2 metres.
Full weights and measures can be found here.
See if you know your class 2 measurements: take a free quiz here.


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Other Alias
In sys/param.h In sys/bus.h Ft device_t Fn device_add_child device_t dev const char *name int unit Ft device_t Fn device_add_child_ordered device_t dev int order const char *name int unitDESCRIPTION
Create a new child device of Fa dev . The Fa name and Fa unit arguments specify the name and unit number of the device. If the name is unknown then the caller should pass NULL If the unit is unknown then the caller should pass -1 and the system will choose the next available unit number.The name of the device is used to determine which drivers might be appropriate for the device. If a name is specified then only drivers of that name are probed. If no name is given then all drivers for the owning bus are probed. In any event, only the name of the device is stored so that one may safely unload/load a driver bound to that name.
This allows busses which can uniquely identify device instances (such as PCI) to allow each driver to check each device instance for a match. For busses which rely on supplied probe hints where only one driver can have a chance of probing the device, the driver name should be specified as the device name.
Normally unit numbers will be chosen automatically by the system and a unit number of -1 should be given. When a specific unit number is desired (e.g. for wiring a particular piece of hardware to a pre-configured unit number), that unit should be passed. If the specified unit number is already allocated, a new unit will be allocated and a diagnostic message printed.
If the devices attached to a bus must be probed in a specific order (e.g. for the ISA bus some devices are sensitive to failed probe attempts of unrelated drivers and therefore must be probed first), the Fa order argument of Fn device_add_child_ordered should be used to specify a partial ordering. The new device will be added before any existing device with a greater order. If Fn device_add_child is used, then the new child will be added as if its order was zero.
When adding a device in the context of DEVICE_IDENTIFY9 routine, the device_find_child9 routine should be used to ensure that the device has not already been added to the tree. Because the device name and Vt devclass_t are associated at probe time (not child addition time), previous instances of the driver (say in a module that was later unloaded) may have already added the instance. Authors of bus drivers must likewise be careful when adding children when they are loaded and unloaded to avoid duplication of children devices.
Identify routines should use BUS_ADD_CHILD9 instead of device_add_child9.
The new device if successful, NULL otherwise.AUTHORS
This manual page was written by An Doug Rabson .


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I believe that sound business principles should be applied to the governmental decision-making process. An open line of communication between the citizens and their elected representative is essential to good government, for it should reflect the needs of the people.- Jimmie Stephens
Commissioner Stephens is a lifelong resident of District 3, a Mason (Flinthill #810 and Birmingham Scottish Rites) as well as a lifelong member of Canaan Baptist Church. He is married to Mona and they have three children. Among his hobbies, he enjoys flying, hunting and Alabama football.
Commissioner Stephens grew up just South of Bessemer and attended Bessemer High School and Samford University, obtaining a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration and a Masters of Business Administration in 1975. He is a member of Alpha Kappa Psi, Professional Business Fraternity, Pi Gamma Mu, Social Science Honor Society and Pi Kappa Phi, Social Fraternity.
Business Experience:
Commissioner Stephens business experience includes, Assistant Director of Meat Operations and Director of Retail Development, Associated Grocers of Alabama. Past President, Food Centers, Inc. Past Member Board of Directors, Associated Grocers of Alabama, Past owner of Jimmies Food Center and President, Stephens and Son Enterprises.
Civic Experience:
Commissioner Stephens is a former Bessemer City Councilor, Past Chairman of the Bessemer Board of zoning Adjustments, Past Chairman of the Bessemer, Airport Authority, Past Chairman of the Bessemer Commercial Development Authority and Chairman of Exit 108 Commercial Development District and served on the Legacy YMCA Board of Directors. Commissioner Stephens serves on the Birmingham Jefferson Civic Center Authority Board of Directors, Jefferson County Department of Health Board, Birmingham Business Alliance Board and the Rotary Club of Birmingham.
Contact Information:
Jefferson County Commission
Jefferson County Courthouse
716 Richard Arrington Jr Blvd North - Suite 210
Birmingham, AL 35203
Phone: (205) 325-5555
Fax: (205) 325-4860
E-mail: email@example.com


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"[T]he very sound of the word 'sex' with its hissing vulgarity and the 'ks, ks' catcall at the end," Nabokov's narrator says in The Real Life of Sebastian Knight, "seems so inane to me that I cannot help doubting whether there is any real idea behind the word." Few novelists have treated it as an idea. At best it represents a getaway from ideas. It is, Roth writes in The Human Stain, "the redeeming corruption that de-idealizes the species and keeps us everlastingly mindful of the matter we are."
What Nabokov and Roth have in common is that both conceive sex as the sex act. Human sexuality for them, and for most novelists, is genital sexuality—"friction and shallow fun," as Kepesh puts it in The Dying Animal. But this sense of the word sex is no more recent than the turn of the twentieth century, if the OED is to be believed. The earlier meaning (the "distinction between male and female . . . as a social or cultural phenomenon, and its manifestations or consequences") has been permanently colored by the twentieth-century fascination with friction and fun. When Miss Paynham watches Diana Merion flirting with Percy Dacier in George Meredith's Diana of the Crossways—one of the illustrative quotations provided by the OED—she sees
Before the twentieth century, "sex" referred to what is now called romance, more or less. Once it was uncoupled from flirtation, courtship, seduction, marriage, pregnancy, and children—once it was narrowed to genital strife—it ceased to be an idea and became a scandal. Novelists wrote sex scenes, and the remainder of human sexual experience wasn't even left to the imagination, because few novelists even imagined it was there. The twentieth-century novel became an either/or. Either it included plenty of sex scenes, or it ignored human sexuality altogether.


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Trail Worker
Trail workers assist park personnel in all aspects of trail construction and maintenance. This can be done individually or in small groups. Work may be done year-round, but fall and winter are the best times of the year.
About Arrow Rock State Historic Site
Stroll through the history of a once-bustling river town that's now the serene village of Arrow Rock. You'll walk streets lined with the architecture of the historic "Boone's Lick Country." At Arrow Rock State Historic Site, you may wander into the historic J. Huston Tavern, which dates back to 1834 and provides a dining experience in the oldest continuously operating restaurant west of the Mississippi River. View displays of historic furnishings in the old kitchen and upstairs bedrooms. You can visit other historic buildings, such as the Old Courthouse and George Caleb Bingham's house. You can learn about the history of Arrow Rock and the "Boone's Lick Country" through exhibits and audio-visual presentations in the visitor center. The historic site is part of the larger Village of Arrow Rock, which features quaint stores and several antique shops.


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Shipping & Delivery
We are proud to offer international shipping services that currently operate in over 200 countries and islands world wide. Nothing means more to us than bringing our customers great value and service. We will continue to grow to meet the needs of all our customers, delivering a service beyond all expectation anywhere in the world.
How do you ship packages?
Packages from our warehouse in China will be shipped by ePacket or EMS depending on the weight and size of the product. Packages shipped from our US warehouse are shipped through USPS.
Do you ship worldwide?
Yes. We provide free shipping to over 200 countries around the world. However, there are some location we are unable to ship to. If you happen to be located in one of those countries we will contact you.
What about customs?
We are not responsible for any custom fees once the items have shipped. By purchasing our products, you consent that one or more packages may be shipped to you and may get custom fees when they arrive to your country.
How long does shipping take?
Shipping time varies by location. These are our estimates:
Location | *Estimated Shipping Time |
United States | 10-30 Business days |
Canada, Europe | 10-30 Business days |
Australia, New Zealand | 10-30 Business days |
Mexico, Central America, South America | 15-30 Business days |
*This doesn't include our 2-5 day processing time.
Do you provide tracking information?
Yes, you will receive an email once your order ships that contains your tracking information, but sometimes due to free shipping tracking is not available.
My tracking says "no information available at the moment".
For some shipping companies, it takes 2-5 business days for the tracking information to update on the system.
For logistical reasons, items in the same purchase will sometimes be sent in separate packages, even if you've specified combined shipping.
If you have any other questions, please contact us and we will do our best to help you out.


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Hip reconstruction
What is Hip Reconstruction?
Hip reconstruction is a surgery to repair or replace a damaged hip joint that causes pain and limits your movement.
Anatomy of the Hip Joint
The hip is a ball-and-socket joint; the ball is formed by the head of the humerus (thighbone) and the socket by the pelvic bones. The joint is covered by ligaments that form a capsule around it. Tendons attached to muscles in the pelvis, thighs, and buttocks help move the hip joint.
When is Hip Reconstruction Indicated?
Hip reconstruction is recommended when the hip is painful and cannot function properly. This may be due to:
- Arthritis: Wearing of cartilage lining the joint
- Injury: Trauma or overuse
- Osteonecrosis: Bone damage due to a poor blood supply
Damage to the hip joint can cause a fracture to the bones involved in the joint, i.e. the femur and the pelvic bones. Hip reconstruction is recommended to repair these fractures and stabilize the hip joint.
A hip reconstruction may be necessary for fractures due to:
- Motor vehicle accidents
- Hard falls
- Osteoporosis (bone weakness), which increases with age and may be caused by simple stresses such as running or twisting
What are the Procedures involved in Hip Reconstruction?
The procedures performed in hip reconstruction include:
A surgical procedure that involves cutting and reshaping a bone. The hip socket may be reshaped to better accommodate the head of the femur or thighbone. This reduces pain, improves movement and prevents injury at the hip joint.
Hip Replacement
Hip replacement surgery involves replacing the damaged or diseased parts of the hip joint with an implant(s). A total or partial hip replacement may be performed where all the parts of the joint or only one of the bones damaged are replaced, respectively.
Hip Resurfacing
Hip resurfacing is an alternative to a total hip replacement surgery, where both the ball and socket of the hip joint are completely removed and replaced with plastic, metal or ceramic prosthetics.
Hip Arthroscopy
Hip arthroscopy also referred to as keyhole surgery or minimally invasive surgery, is performed through very small incisions to evaluate and treat various hip conditions. It is performed using a tube-like instrument called an arthroscope and small surgical instruments.
How will your Doctor Decide on the Right Procedure for Hip Reconstruction?
Your doctor will decide on the appropriate treatment for you after evaluating your condition and the specific anatomy of your hip.
What can you Expect After Hip Reconstruction?
Following the procedure, you will receive medication for pain and will undergo physical therapy to improve strength, movement, and balance. Your doctor will monitor your progress to ensure successful rehabilitation.