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Lee Wardlaw claims her first spoken word was 'kitty'. Since then, she's shared her life with more than two-dozen cats and published more than two-dozen, award-winning books for young readers. Lee has won many awards, including the Lee Bennet Hopkins Poetry Award and the Myra Cohn Livingston Award for Poetry, both for the delightful picture book Won Ton: A Cat Tale Told in Haiku.
The newly released companion title, Won Ton and Chopstick, is a 2015 NCTE Notable Poetry Book and a BookSource Scout Award Winner for Children's Poetry. Lee lives in Santa Barbara, CA, with her family, which includes two dog-disdaining cats. Welcome, Lee!
1. How do you get into a place or mindset for writing your poetry? Do you have any habits you could share with young writers?
I've found that a long walk works best to get me started. After I've been walking for a few minutes, my mind slips into a trance, and I just let images and words and sensorial experiences bubble up from my subconscious. (Some of the best dialogue between characters in my novels starts out that way, too!) I'll walk for an hour or more, and when I get home I don't even remember the roads I took or the homes I passed. I just have a gush of ideas that need to be drained into the closest notebook. Often, I get the first line and the last line of a poem that way, which is helpful because I never start writing the actual poem until I know where I'm going with it.
If a walk isn't convenient, I curl up in a chair with a notebook and a cat, and brainstorm. (I also brainstorm in restaurants, or in my car, or wherever I am when I have a few free minutes.) Sometimes, the brainstorms are random scribbles; other times, I actually begin with specific categories, and play off those. Here's a picture of one of the brainstorms I did for my newest book Won Ton and Chopstick: A Cat and Dog Tale Told in Haiku. I'm always been a cat person, so I don't know much of dogs. In this storm session, I wrote down everything I could think of about dogs to get an idea of what the puppy in the story would be like, and what kinds of puppy-isms might contribute to the plot.
Lee's brainstorming for Won Ton and Chopstick |
Lee's dinner brainstorming |
It depends on the mood I'm in! If I'm feeling silly, I delight in words such as 'weasel' or 'cumberbund'. I also like words that when you see them written, you're not quite sure how to pronounce them, like Phoebe or calliope. (I love the word calliope! Say it out loud: cah-LIE-oh-pee. Listen to the sounds…feel how your mouth purses and stretches!) I enjoy making up words, too, when I can't find one that exactly fits what I'm trying to say. Not long after my husband and I got married (33 years this summer), I came up with the word 'miffled' to describe how I felt whenever he'd come home late for dinner without calling first. 'Miffled' was a combination of 'miffed' and 'ruffled'. (I now see that 'miffled' is in the Urban Dictionary as being a combo of 'miffed' and 'baffled'.) In my middle grade novel 101 Ways to Bug Your Teacher, I use the word 'goose-blisters' to describe a particularly scary and shaming moment - - and how that moment feels physically to my protagonist.
3. What are three books of poetry you'd like to see in every child's home, for them to dip into whenever they want?
I love-love-love All the Small Poems and 14 More by Valerie Worth. Worth is a master at writing succinct, simple poems about common, ordinary objects - - a key, a coat hanger, a thread of string - - and exalting them to extraordinary things.
Where the Sidewalk Ends by Shel Silverstein is, of course, a MUST for its silly wit and wisdom and poems that everyone can relate to!
Last, I think every household should have a good book of nursery rhymes. One of my favorites is My Very First Mother Goose, edited by Iona Opie (the noted folklorist) and endearingly illustrated by Rosemary Wells. (I'm a huge Wells fan. I love the sweet exuberance of her bunnies, and kittens, and bears.)
4. Is there a poem you have memorized that you can share a snippet with us? Maybe it's something you say to yourself when you need encouragement or just when you want to delight in the power of words.
My memory isn't what it used to be, but I can still recite by heart "Three Cheers for Pooh" by A.A. Milne, a poem I've loved since age 3 or 4. It never fails to make me giggle. I can also recite "The Walrus and the Carpenter" and "Jabberwocky" by Lewis Carroll. The first stanza of "Jabberwocky" appeared in a magazine in 1855, and was titled "Stanza of Anglo-Saxon Poetry". Later, Carroll expanded it, turning it into a story poem. Here's that first stanza:
'Twas brillig, and the slithy tovesI love the word play in this poem, especially since so many of the words Carroll invented are now in our dictionary - - words such as "chortle", "burble" and "galumph". How frabjous is that?!
Did gyre and gimble in the wabe;
All mimsy were the borogoves,
And the mome raths outgrabe.
Thank you so much, Lee! Thank you so much for sharing your love of poetry with children and families. I love this video of you reading Won Ton and have to share it with readers.
If you make a purchase using the Amazon links on this site, a small portion goes to Great Kid Books. Thank you for your support.
©2016 Mary Ann Scheuer, Great Kid Books


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Lockheed Martin produces the TOPSCENE® mission rehearsal system for the U.S. Navy, Air Force, Army, and Special Forces.
TOPSCENE® capabilities give the Warfighter increased situational awareness of the mission operating environment before execution of combat or training missions. The technology converts geospatial intelligence from multiple sources into interactive, three-dimensional (3-D) scene visualization. In addition to the 3-D terrain, information from intelligence sources (e.g., target and threat information, urban features, vegetation, and order of battle data) can be added to the scene via the database generation process and through the Mission Planning Interface (JMPS/FalconView), greatly increasing the realism of the mission operating environment.
Our visualizations provide fused situational awareness, using off the shelf hardware and software in a modular, expandable system. Warfighters can repeatedly rehearse and analyze all elements of a mission, including aircraft and vehicle routes, sensor predictions, target details, weather and tactical intelligence. Rehearsal and visualization with realistic representation of the terrain and objective areas greatly increases the mission's probability of success.
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UltiMaker Filament
UltiMaker is well known for producing high-quality, professional 3D printers with their own line of materials to match. Every spool of filament has an NFC chip, specifically for UltiMaker 3D printers to read and enable the necessary settings for that material, along with logging the material left on the spool. This feature makes it a lot easier to keep track of filament usage and increases usability with the Ultimaker Cloud.
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This repository holds packages for writing tools that work directly with Go module mechanics. That is, it is for direct manipulation of Go modules themselves.
It is NOT about supporting general development tools that need to do things like load packages in module mode. That use case, where modules are incidental rather than the focus, should remain in x/tools, specifically x/tools/go/packages.
The specific case of loading packages should still be done by invoking the go command, which remains the single point of truth for package loading algorithms.


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State of the Art Gallery
120 West State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850
26thAnnual Photo Show Exhibitor Agreement March 4 – 29, 2015
Please print clearly
Name of Exhibitor_____________________________________________________
Work(s) submitted: print clearly
Title Price
Exhibition Agreement
1 The artist/exhibitor agrees to deliver their work(s) to the Gallery at the published date. and time. The exhibitor will abide by the rules of the gallery regarding presentation and suitability for hanging as stated in the Call for Entries. Final approval of the criteria is the responsibility of the Gallery Board of Directors.
2 The Gallery will provide an exhibition opening/reception for the artists with refreshments and an Award Ceremony. Exhibition announcements will be provided by the Gallery and sent to the Gallery list. Show announcements will also be posted on the gallery web site and Facebook.
3 While the State of the Art Gallery, its members and agents, will make reasonable efforts to protect the work(s) of an exhibitor, the Gallery cannot indemnify the work(s) against loss or damage. In submitting and agreeing to exhibit the work(s) in the Gallery the exhibitor agrees that the State of the Art Gallery, its members, Board of Directors, or agents will not be held liable and will be held harmless should there be damage or loss of work(s).
- The exhibitor agrees that the work(s) of the exhibitor may be reproduced for the purpose of advertising the exhibition for a period not to exceed five years.
5 It is agreed that the exhibitor may conduct sale of the work(s) from the exhibition. The Gallery will act as facilitator through it's members who staff the Gallery during regular gallery hours. For the service, the Gallery receives a 30% commission on the sale of all displayed work.
- The show ends Sunday, March 29. Work must be picked up between 1 and 5pm that day. The gallery cannot store the works.
PHOTO Returned signature _____________________________________________DATE_______


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- Details
Here is the second preview of the new mahjong version on iPad ! This version will be identical between PC, Mac, iPad, Android and Windows 8 tablets. A beta test on PC and Mac will occur on August. Note: Mac users can be unable to launch the game since the latest Apple update, this version will solve everything as the game is entirely rewritten from scratch using another technology.
Have a nice summer !
- Details
The new score system has been finalised. In the next version of Mahjong In Poculis, you'll be able to compare your performance on each layout with the other worldwide ones. Thus you'll know which levels to replay to increase your worldwide ranking.
Keep enjoying Mahjong In Poculis
- Details
For the next version of Mahjong In Poculis, all that is possible to be optimized is optimized. Results are beyond our expectations: an Intel Core i5 gives 2000 frames per seconds and an iPad gives 350 frames per second.
As the game will be distributed to run at 60 frames per second, your processor will be used only a little and your battery won't suffer from running the game. The other good point it that we will reach our goal which is to make the game run on the low cost tablets on the market.
Have a nice day !
- Details
The end of year is coming and we are unfortunately behind schedule. You will have to wait for the first half of 2013 to be able to play the next version of Mahjong In Poculis.
Thanks to all of you who support us while we are building the new basis of the software. This new basis will allow us a lot of crazy things, including network gaming!
Happy holidays to all and a good start for next year!
- Details
Today, the 10 of august 2012, we have received an email from a player asking us some explanations about the noise coming from his notebook's fan. The explanation was simple: the game took all the CPU it could, showing 200 frames per second if it could. However, going over 60 frames per second is nearly useless.
So we have temporarily stopped the next big version development to correct this battery burner behavior: Mahjong In Poculis 4.55 has been released to make your fan and battery happier :)
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Adobe Stock
Last updated: June 5, 2020
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The only surviving convicted criminal in the April 19, 1995, bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City is saying his co-conspirator, Timothy McVeigh, told him he was taking orders from a top FBI official in orchestrating the bombing.
A declaration from Terry Lynn Nichols, filed in U.S. District Court in Salt Lake City, has proven to be one of the most detailed confessions by Nichols to date about his involvement in the bombing as well as the involvement of others. However, one congressman who has investigated the bombings remains skeptical of Nichols' claims.
The declaration was filed as part of Salt Lake City attorney Jesse Trentadue's pending wrongful death suit against the government for the death of his brother in a federal corrections facility in Oklahoma City. Trentadue claims his brother was killed during an interrogation by FBI agents when agents mistook his brother for a suspect in the Oklahoma City bombing investigation.
The most shocking allegation in the 19-page signed declaration is Nichols' assertion that the whole bombing plot was an FBI operation and that McVeigh let slip during a bout of anger that he was taking instruction from former FBI official Larry Potts.
Potts was no stranger to anti-government confrontations, having been the lead FBI agent at Ruby Ridge in 1992, which led to the shooting death of Vicki Weaver, the wife of separatist Randy Weaver. Potts also was reportedly involved in the 51-day siege of the Branch Davidian compound in Waco, Texas in 1993, which resulted in a fire that killed 81 Branch Davidian followers.
Potts retired from the FBI under intense pressure and criticism for the cover-up of an order to allow agents to shoot anyone seen leaving the Weaver cabin at Ruby Ridge.
When contacted, the FBI's main office in Washington, D.C., said it could not provide immediate comment on Nichols' claims Tuesday.
Nichols claims that, in December 1992, McVeigh told him that "while he was serving in the U.S. Army, he had been recruited to carry out undercover missions."
In the next few years, the two men hatched the bombing plot. In October 1994, "McVeigh and I stole explosives from a quarry in Marion, Kansas consisting of 8 1/2 cases or boxes containing 229 (2-inch by 16-inch) sticks of the gel type explosive known as Tovex," Nichols wrote, adding that only a small amount was used in the actual bombing.
It was while traveling the gun-show circuit that Nichols claims the two obtained bombmaking knowledge and the materials used in the bombing. One example is that McVeigh allegedly attended a gun show in Knob Creek, Ky., in 1993.
"At this gun show, McVeigh had the opportunity to make contact with about 20 people who were bomb experts. McVeigh told me that he himself had no knowledge about how to construct a bomb, but that he always wanted to gain more knowledge about how to construct bombs," Nichols stated.
Nichols says he knew McVeigh was building the bomb, and in November 1994 he left for the Philippines to get away from the area to avoid being implicated.
"I did not want to be present when and if McVeigh did explode a bomb. Consequently, I left for the Philippines to be out of the country," he wrote.
That statement contradicts findings of Congressman Dana Rohrabacher, R-California, whose study on the bombing was made public last December. It indicated Nichols had traveled to the Philippines to receive bombing training by a possible foreign terrorist.
Having not heard of any bombing, Nichols said he returned to the U.S. in January 1995. It was later that, in a fit of rage, McVeigh mentioned Potts' name, Nichols wrote.
"McVeigh said he believed Potts was manipulating him and forcing him to 'go off script,' which I understood meant to change the target of the bombing," Nichols stated.
It wasn't until April 18, 1995, that Nichols said he helped McVeigh construct a bomb at Geary Lake. The bomb was comprised of "metal and white plastic" barrels which were filled with ammonium nitrate fertilizer and mixed with nitromethane. In all he estimates between 90 to 92 fifty-pound bags of fertilizer went into the barrels and explosive sticks were placed in the holes of each barrel.
Nichols said he had no further role in renting the Ryder truck and claims he did not know the target, only that McVeigh "wanted to make a statement" by "targeting some structure."
After hearing about the bombing of the federal building, which killed 168 adults and children, Nichols said he panicked when his name came up on the radio and he wanted to turn himself in — but not before hiding evidence, including explosives used in the bombing.
The claims made in the declaration have added yet more twists to the mystery surrounding the bombings. Some familiar with the bombing's history say Nichols' claims seem to indicate the FBI put McVeigh up to the plot as a draw for radicals, but that the situation got out of control and McVeigh became a runaway informant.
After reviewing the declaration, Rohrabacher told the Deseret Morning News that Nichols' claims should be investigated but treated with extreme skepticism.
"I need to caution people to remember that Terry Nichols is a mass murderer," Rohrabacher said. "But if Terry Nichols is beginning to reveal some of the information that's been kept from the public, I'd be very happy about that."
Rohrabacher also expressed disappointment with the FBI and the Department of Justice for not adequately following up on indications there were others who helped Nichols and McVeigh.
The congressman said he no longer is chairman of the subcommittee that conducted the investigation and is "dismayed" that no one else in Congress seems interested in the matter.
Nichols said he has much more information, which he offered to former U.S. Attorney General John Ashcroft in 2004, but is willing to divulge only under sworn video deposition. Trentadue said he plans to seek that deposition of Nichols, but "I expect one hell of a fight with the Department of Justice."
Nichols is serving life in prison without parole after being convicted by a jury for his role in the bombing. McVeigh also was convicted and on June 11, 2001 was executed in Terre Haute, Ind.
E-mail: email@example.com


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- Caliber: 7mm-08 Remington
- Grain: 139
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Important Information Regarding Shipments and Delivery
Quoted delivery times on your order summary page are estimates and cannot be guaranteed(7 DAYS MAX).
The recent pandemic continues to have a 'ripple effect' on shipping and delivery practices on many levels, including those of our vendors, manufacturers, and delivery providers. In addition, last year's scenario saw many individuals and families becoming more engaged in outdoor activities which increased overall demand for outdoor products.
Nevertheless, all our warehouses and retail locations are extremely busy as they work tirelessly to ensure our outdoor customers continue to get the products they need, in the time they need them.
Your patience as we work through these challenging times is very much appreciated!
Got some amazing items picked out for your next outdoor adventure? Awesome! Now let's check below for shipping information and get your order on it's way!
Information below is for shipping orders to your address.
Click on the button for where your order will be shipped to view the shipping rates chart and information on shipping to your location.
Generally, we ship at a rate of just $30 which includes the hazmat fee. We take care of any extra charges and this is because we do care.
Additional Disclaimers
- Some items require an additional shipping charge due to size, weight, or quantity ordered. These charges will be noted under the red Important Notice on the product page as well as be reflected on your order total during checkout.
- Hazardous merchandise cannot be expedited or shipped internationally. A hazardous charge may be applied for ground shipping. If there is an applicable hazardous fee it will be shown on the product page under the Important Notice.
- Orders containing hazardous items (with the $20.00 hazardous charge) and orders over $1,000 will require a signature upon delivery.
- Most backordered items will ship USPS.


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If you have a clogged drain our 24 hour emergency Greenford drain jetting team can solve your problem safely and efficiently. To unblock drains where there is either a build up of scale or lodged items such as hair or solid objects, high pressure jetting is often the fastest and most effective solution.
The use of chemicals can be potentially hazardous and is often not able to clear the drain blockage. With our professional drain jetting Greenford solutions you have the peace of mind that your drains will be unclogged and fully functional that same day.
Drain Layouts
There are a variety of drain types currently in use in the UK. The most common is the communal drain, where a common drain in the road connects to each property individually. This is the easiest to clear, as each house only has one connection to the drain.
Some houses have a drain that runs under a row of houses, with a manhole cover placed at strategic points. This is problematic, as the blockage could come from either end of a house with a blockage, and permission must be obtained from the relevant occupiers to jet their manhole cover.
The least common option is the septic tank, most commonly employed in rural areas that do not have a mains drainage system. If you need to know how your drain is arranged, your sewage provider will be able to provide you with a map.


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The Cure to Release 'Mixed Up' Reissue and 'Town Down' for Record Store Day
This year's Record Store Day will see two releases from the Cure: a vinyl reissue of the band's 1990 remix album Mixed Up, and a long-awaited collection called Torn Down (Mixed Up Extra), which features 16 of their tracks remixed by Robert Smith. Both will be available for the April 21 celebration of record stores on double picture-disc vinyl.
Smith first mentioned the latter in 2009, which was initially slated to be a collection of Cure songs remixed by the group's favorite artists, but they've instead been reworked by Smith. It reportedly includes versions of "A Night Like This," "Three Imaginary Boys," "Never Enough" and "The Last Day of Summer." Below, you can see the full track listing, according to a fan site that caught an early listing on Amazon France that has since been taken down.
The pressing of Torn Down is limited to 7,750. For more information on titles that will be available on Record Store Day, visit their website.
Last year, the Cure released new vinyl pressings of their 2001 Greatest Hits, as well as their Acoustic Hits, which was originally included as a bonus with the CD version.
Smith is also curating this year's Meltdown festival, which has just released the first artists on its lineup, including Nine Inch Nails, My Bloody Valentine, Manic Street Preachers, Mogwai, the Libertines, Kristin Hersh, Psychedelic Furs and Deftones. The London festival is scheduled for June 15-24.
The Cure, 'Torn Down (Mixed Up Extra)' Track Listing
Side 1
1. "Three Imaginary Boys"
3. "The Drowning Man"
4. "A Strange Day"
Side 2
1. "Just One Kiss"
2. "Shake Dog Shake"
3. "A Night Like This"
4. "Like Cockatoos"
Side 3
1. "Plainsong"
2. "Never Enough"
3. "From The Edge of the Deep Green Sea"
4. "Want"
Side 4
1. "The Last Day of Summer"
2. "Cut Here"
3. "Lost"
4. "It's Over"


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*Some restrictions apply. See store for details.
Information Accuracy - We have taken great care to provide you with information that is accurate and useful. Please notify us if you find an error and we will do our best to correct it. We ask that you contact us directly or visit our stores to confirm information about pricing, color, features, dimensions, availability and special order lead times.


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Showroom Cinema
Opening in stages between 1993-8, the Showroom has grown to become one of the most significant independent cinema venues in the world. Committed to presenting quality filmmaking through curated and tailored offerings, we strive to bring all types of cinema from across the world to our local audience. Determined to make a difference through film, we hold diversity, originality and artistic excellence up as the hallmarks of our film portfolio. That said, we're also not averse to the odd cult classic – we're all about entertaining our audience, and we're part of Sheffield's wider community. We don't exist purely for profit, but to provide a distinctive, exciting and reliable place for our audience to relax, discover and be transported to other worlds.
The Showroom's parent company is a registered charity which exists to support educational and cultural provision for Sheffield and the surrounding area. Concerned with supporting and developing the independent film sector in the region, the Showroom, along with the Workstation, provides facilities, training opportunities and engagement.
Our cinema has 4 screens, all with luxury seating and high quality flexible projection facilities and sound systems. Screen 1 seats 83, Screen 2 seats 110, both located at ground level. Screen 3 seats 178 and Screen 4 seats 272, both located at basement level. In recent years our cinema screens have been used to offer wider cultural access, using satellite technology to bring world-class theatre, opera and ballet to Sheffield with participation in projects such as NT:Live, Glyndebourne, Globe on Screen and the Bolshoi ballet screenings.
We don't just show films at the Showroom. We're also involved in nurturing local talent, developing aspiration among local young people so they might follow a filmic career path and we educate all ages about all aspects of cinema. We host one of the most important documentary festivals on the planet, and have a year-round programme of amazing events, from celebrations of cult horror to live appearances from film directors, producers and actors from around the world.


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Memoria Pins
- Designed in Italy.
- Made in stainless steel.
- Different finishing on the two pins.
- Polished "Wanderlust Memoria" pin, lacquered in blue.
- Textured "W-Star" pin.
Pricing & time to deliver
Duty and Taxes
Displayed prices do nor include import taxes. Unfortunately, we have no control over charges in other extra EU countries, and cannot tell you what the cost might be at the moment, as customs policies and import duties vary widely from country to country. It might be a good idea to contact your local customs office for current charges before you order.
We have a 14-day return policy, which means you have 14 days after receiving your item to request a return.
To be eligible for a return, your item must be in the same condition that you received it, unworn or unused, with tags, and in its original packaging. You'll also need the receipt or proof of purchase.
The return procedure will be at the expense of the buyer. To start a return, you can start the process from here. If your return is accepted, we'll send you where to send your package. Items sent back to us without first requesting a return will not be accepted.
You can always contact us for any return question at email@example.com.
Damages and issues
Please inspect your order upon reception and contact us immediately if the item is defective, damaged or if you receive the wrong item so that we can evaluate the issue and make it right.
Exceptions / non-returnable items
Certain types of items cannot be returned, like perishable goods (such as food, flowers, or plants), custom products (such as special orders or personalized items), and personal care goods (such as beauty products). We also do not accept returns for hazardous materials, flammable liquids, or gases. Please get in touch if you have questions or concerns about your specific item.
Unfortunately, we cannot accept returns on numbered items, sale items, or gift cards.
The fastest way to ensure you get what you want is to return the item you have, and once the return is accepted, make a separate purchase for the new item. Exchanges are not possible in case the product in question is out of stock.
We will notify you once we've received and inspected your return, and let you know if the refund was approved or not. If approved, you'll be automatically refunded on your original payment method. Please remember it can take some time for your bank or credit card company to process and post the refund too.
For Extra-EU orders, duty and taxes will be deducted.


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Through its efforts in communication, conservation, research and education, the Jardin botanique, like the four other museums that make up the Space for Life – the Biodôme, Biosphère, Insectarium, and Planétarium – guides humans to better experience nature.
Conservation, research, education and communication at the Jardin
Since its founding in 1931 by Brother Marie-Victorin, the mission statement of the Jardin botanique de Montréal is to:
- Conserve, develop, and present to the public living plant collections,
- Pursue research activities,
- Educate Montréal citizens and all visitors in botany and horticulture.
To reach its objectives, the Jardin botanique de Montréal has pursued four vocations:
As a cultural institution
The Garden takes visitors on a voyage through the plant world, inviting them to explore the various outside gardens and the exhibition greenhouses, and to discover different cultures, including those of China and Japan.
As an educational institution
The garden is an excellent educational resource, as well. Its Public Programs Division offers all kinds of educational activities for the general public and schools. The cultural gardens, the First Nations Garden and the Frédéric Back Tree Pavilion let visitors enjoy original and authentic experiences. And the Youth Gardens introduce children to the joys of gardening and the wonders of the natural sciences. In the fall, don't miss the Halloween shivers and the Gardens of Light!
In addition, the garden's library boasts an extensive collection of botanical and horticultural publications, along with a media library housing a vast selection of photographs of plants and the Jardin botanique itself.
As a social institution
The Garden is an integral part of the urban fabric of Montréal. It serves as the city's environmental conscience, promoting tree planting policies, the preservation of natural environments and public awareness. Over the years, it has fostered a special relationship with the people of Montréal and lends the community invaluable expertise and support in the design of plans to beautify the urban landscape and develop and manage green spaces.
As a scientific institution
The Garden houses living plant collections, maintained by a highly specialized horticultural staff, assisted by qualified botanists. The Garden serves as a ground for taxonomy, morphology, plant physiology, genetics, ecology and biotechnology, conducted by the team of botanists at the Garden along with professors and researchers from the Institut de recherche en biologie végétale of the Université de Montréal, affiliated with the Garden. The research efforts have produced leading-edge expertise applied to planting and caring for trees in the urban environment, and to developing a waste water filtration and treatment system using aquatic plants.


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What does it look like: An old-fashioned oil can
What color is it: Red
What does it mean: The red oil light indicates a malfunction somewhere within the oil component. This can indicate a warning of a low level of oil, no oil at all, or low oil pressure, which means the pump isn't properly circulating your car's oil. It can also mean your oil pressure sensor is faulty or your oil pump needs to be replaced.
What to do when it comes on: Don't ignore this light, as this can lead your car to break down on the side of the road or become dangerous to other drivers if an accident occurs.
If the oil light appears when you are driving, get to a safe place as soon as possible and turn the engine off. Check the oil level. If there is little oil on the dipstick, don't turn the engine back on. You risk extensive damage to your Volvo's engine if you continue to drive, since oil is not properly lubricating the surfaces.What steps need to be taken to turn light off: If the oil level is low after checking, add more oil if you have it with you. Start the engine again and if the light has disappeared, you are good to go for now. It would be wise to find a local Volvo mechanic to find out why it came on in the first place, such as if a leak is present.
If the red oil light remains, do not drive your vehicle. Get your Volvo towed to the nearest independent Volvo shop and have them fully inspect it. They will check for leaks, see if the oil pressure sensor may have become detached or broken, as well as inspect the oil pump.


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First Steps
By Matthew Harrison
"I'll take Toby to kindergarten today," Michael said. "I'll–"
A blizzard of update notifications swept down in front of vision, projected by his glasses. He tried to read them – some looked important, about the car – but he lost track, and took the glasses off in despair. Too late he saw Toby teetering at the top of the stairs.
"What are you doing?" his wife Sarah exclaimed as she appeared from nowhere and yanked Toby back. "Can't you look after the child? Angela is more reliable than you!"
Michael mumbled that he was sorry. Watched by a still-fuming Sarah, he led the little boy down step by step until they reached the hall. Angela emerged from the living room, calling "Toby! Toby! Toby!" and the boy jumped into the robo-maid's arms.
With mingled jealousy and relief, Michael stepped back. It was tough being a Dad – and all the support technology nowadays didn't make it easier. There was really so much to attend to. Just monitoring Angela's updates was nearly a full time job. She was transforming from the simple mechanical helpmate they had purchased when Toby was born into something much more intelligent and aware. And better-looking, too, he thought – the enhancements hadn't been restricted to software…
"Haven't you left yet?" Sarah called from above. "He's supposed to be there at nine."
"Already on the way," Michael called back. He unceremoniously grabbed Toby from Angela, and carried the protesting boy out to the car.
When they'd got out and reached the kindergarten playground, he voiced this thought to Ted, who was the only human accompanying person there that day.
Ted grunted, busy tracking his own updates. "You can't keep up," he said at last, removing his glasses. "They're getting faster and faster. Machines on machines."
"It'll plateau," Michael countered. "Look at space travel. Man didn't go back to the moon for sixty years."
"But look at the moon now," Ted said gloomily.
Michael involuntarily looked up, and indeed a faint orb stood above the school in the clear morning sky, but the domes and caverns that housed the colonies there were of course not visible.
The class door opened, and a clamour of children's voices rose to greet Miss May, who stood plump and human, half-filling the doorway.
"That's why we bring out kid here," Michael said. "The human touch is so important for a growing child." He suddenly resented Angela. Why hadn't they looked after Toby themselves? He could have taken time off work. God knows, most of his work was done by robots anyway!
Ted nodded. "This is about the last place that doesn't teach them by AI. But they'll go the same way soon. Technology's accelerating out of sight."
This was so exactly Michael's thought that he didn't answer. If they found it hard to keep up now, how would Toby's generation cope? It would be totally out of humanity's control.
Michael tried to focus on the children. At least they were still there, flesh and blood, not robots, although he had heard of some parents… He saw one of the bigger boys clambering up a blue climbing frame he hadn't noticed before; now he was shouting taunts from the top.
To Michael's surprise, his own son responded to the challenge and stumbled forward. "No, Toby!" he cried, but the boy had already got a foot on one rung, a hand on another, and was reaching for a third. Michael watched, frozen, as the little limb stretched higher. Then the inevitable happened. The child lost his footing, and hit the ground with a, 'Thump!'.
Michael belatedly started forward. Why hadn't he stopped Toby when he could? Sarah would kill him. But the foam flooring had already yielded beneath the small body, and with a springy motion it re-formed, pushing Toby to his feet again.
The little boy tottered back. But as the climbing frame bowed down, halving its height to accommodate him, he toddled forward again with a cry of delight. The blue bars modulated, tensed, and whisked him up alongside the bigger boy, who graciously made way.
"Daddy!" Toby yelled from the top of the climbing frame, master of all he surveyed.
- - -
Matthew Harrison lives in Hong Kong, and whether because of that or some other reason entirely his writing has veered from non-fiction to literary and he is currently reliving a boyhood passion for science fiction. He has published numerous SF short stories and is building up to longer pieces as he learns more about the universe. Matthew is married with two children but no pets as there is no space for these in Hong Kong.


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The greatest divide in the Catholic Church is the Tropic of Cancer. No, not the infamous old Henry Miller novel, but the actual line of latitude that circles the globe just south of Miami, Luxor, Calcutta and Beijing.
Above the Tropic, there's a crisis of faith, but a surfeit of popes.
Indeed, all the popes in history – even the African popes of early Christendom – have come from north of the line. Yet in Europe and the United States, certainly, the church is in crisis. Below the Tropic, on the other hand, the Catholic Church continues to grow dramatically. So the conventional wisdom in Rome is that the future lies in Latin America, Africa and parts of Asia. And the cliché of every conclave is that this time there could be a pope who comes from the south and speaks for its peoples.
In fact, this time the first part of that prediction may come true. One of the cardinals from Brazil, Odilo Scherer of São Paulo, is deemed by the most seasoned Vatican watchers to have a very good chance. And a cardinal from Ghana, Peter Appiah Turkson, has been near the top of the bookmakers' charts as the next pope to be, or at least to bet on, since the day Benedict XVI announced his resignation.
But whether either of these men – or other less-touted contenders from Argentina and Honduras, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Sri Lanka -- truly will speak for Catholics beneath the Tropic is another matter entirely.
Turkson probably blew his chances with his fellow cardinals when he gave several interviews right after Benedict announced he'd resign and seemed almost to be campaigning as the Great Black Hope for the Holy See. The affable and loquacious-to-a-fault Turkson also managed to turn off many who would have hoped an African would bring more worldly tolerance to the job than all those pasty Europeans. In an interview with Christiane Amanpour of CNN he tried to sidestep the issue of rampant pedophilia in the Catholic Church by suggesting homosexuality (not at all the same thing) was just not an issue for Africans because it was just so unacceptable in their culture.
That is an interesting position for a cardinal from Ghana to take, given that the former Ministry of Women and Children in Accra has just been renamed the Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection, with a commitment to make sure gays and lesbians have equal protection under the law.
Scherer, on the other hand, is a Brazilian who's not only of German descent but very much of German culture, which is almost certainly one of the reasons he gained such favor with the ex-Benedict from Bavaria. No, Scherer's not a "boy from Brazil"; there's no taint of exiled Nazis in his past. But he did grow up as one of 11 children from a family of German immigrants in the rural town of Cerro Grande in the southernmost state of Brazil, far from the excitement and openness of Rio. When it comes to Latin personalities, he's more cold fish than carioca.
In Brazil, Odilo (born Otto) Scherer is known as a quiet, discreet, studious and ultra loyal Vatican insider. After a stellar rise from padre to bishop, he became a cardinal in 2007, at age 58, one of the youngest to reach that rank in the contemporary Roman Catholic Church. He served for eight years in the Congregation of Bishops, the Vatican body that names bishops around the world. He also served on the board of the Vatican Bank – a post that could come back to haunt him, even if his ostensible role was as a reformer of a notoriously corrupt institution.
The Brazilian press is hyperventilating over Scherer making the shortlist as proof positive that this rising Latin regional power has finally arrived on the world stage. Of course he is conservative when it comes to issues like same sex marriage and abortion. Nobody would be talking about him as a potential pope were he otherwise. But he's also worked to be in tune with the ambitious, plugged-in culture of the present in São Paulo. He uses Twitter on his iPhone and shows occasional flashes of humor. "I hope the path to heaven is even more congested than the streets of São Paulo," he tweeted after a particularly bad traffic jam.
But Brazil, like several other Latin American countries, has had a history of deep ideological and social divides among its clergy. Under John Paul II and Benedict XVI the priests who rose through the ranks were those considered reliably rightwing. And it's clear the Brazilian clergy, whether for political, personal or pastoral reasons, are not crazy about Cardinal Scherer.
When journalist J. D. Vital, a scholar of the Brazilian church, asked around about Scherer's chances of becoming pope, he got an earful. "Only those who don't know him, could think he has a chance," said one influential priest and former Scherer aide cited by Vital. "Authoritarian," "cold," and "someone who doesn't listen," are some of the qualifiers being whispered about Scherer in the Brazilian church. Vital, who spent hours with senior Brazilian clergy to write his recent book,, The Making of a Bishop, heard again and again that for all the talk of Scherer representing the new face of Catholicism, his popularity in Rome simply is not mirrored among men of the cloth.
One clear indication: Scherer twice failed in his bid to be elected president of the Brazilian National Conference of Bishops. One of the country's most prestigious clerics, 88-year-old Dom Serafim Fernandes de Araujo, archbishop emeritus of Belo Horizonte, has decided not to travel Rome. Whether infirmity or utter lack of enthusiasm is the reason remains unclear.
Of course, sheer patriotism makes many Brazilians, and not a few people in other southern climes, thrill to the notion that someone from the south, however northern his background, finally wears the papal crown and speaks infallibly in the service of the Lord. But if Scherer is the first "southern" pope, in fact, many in the south may soon be reminded of a famous line from the Tropic of Cancer written by Henry Miller novel: "I have found God, but he is insufficient."


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Apple iPad 10.2 (7th gen.)
iPadOS 15.2
1. Find "Text Tone"
Press Settings.
Press Sounds.
Press Text Tone.
2. Select message tone
Press the required message tones to hear them.
Once you've found a message tone you like, press arrow left.
3. Return to the home screen
Press the Home key to return to the home screen.


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In a world of sophisticated medical care, a simple ice massage can still be one of the more effective, proven methods to treat a sore lower back or neck. It is effective when used either alone or in combination with other treatments.
For patients experiencing back pain, ice massage therapy is quick, free, easy to do, and it can provide significant relief for many types of back pain, and is especially effective for a sore back caused by lower back muscle strain.
How Ice Massage Works to Relieve Pain
Ice massages can help provide relief for back pain in a number of ways:
- Ice application slows the inflammation and swelling that occurs after injury. Most back pain is accompanied by some type of inflammation, and addressing the inflammation helps reduce the pain
- Ice numbs sore tissues (providing pain relief similar to a local anesthetic)
- Ice application slows the nerve impulses in the area, which interrupts the pain-spasm reaction between the nerves
- Icing decreases tissue damage
- The massage adds the beneficial effects of gentle manipulation of the soft tissues
See also: Benefits of Heat Therapy for Lower Back Pain
Ice massage therapy is most effective if it is applied as soon as possible after the injury occurs, usually within 24 to 48 hours. The cold makes the veins in the tissues contract, reducing circulation. Once the cold is removed, the veins overcompensate and dilate and blood rushes into the area. The infusion of blood in the area brings with it the necessary nutrients to help the injured back muscles, ligaments and tendons to heal.
While any form of applying cold to the injured area - such as a bag of ice wrapped in a towel or a commercial ice pack - should be helpful, combining massage with ice application is a nice alternative for pain relief.
In This Article:
Ice Massage for Sore Back Muscles
Most episodes of lower back pain are caused by muscle strain. The large paired muscles in the low back (erector spinae) help hold up the spine, and with an injury the muscles can become inflamed and spasm, causing low back pain and significant stiffness.
See: Back Muscles and Low Back Pain
Common causes of muscle strain of the large back muscles include: a sudden movement, an awkward fall, lifting a heavy object (using the back muscles), or a sports-related injury. Any strain accompanied by a twisting motion is more likely to hurt the lower back muscles and cause pain.
Read more about Sport Injuries, Back Injuries, and Back Pain
While it sounds like a simple injury, a muscle strain can result in a surprising amount of pain. In fact, this type of injury is one of the most common reasons people go to the emergency room. However, not much can be done for a strained back muscle except for a short period of rest (for up to two days), pain relief medications and/or anti-inflammatory medications, and to apply ice and/or heat.
This article focuses how and when to use ice massage therapy for quick relief of back pain caused by muscle strain.


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Franco Persio Bocchetto
Foreign Director for Bonifica S.p.A, Italy
Italy-China Alliance for Transaqua
This is an edited transcript of a presentation by Franco Persio Bocchetto describing the Transaqua project to the Nov. 25-26 Schiller Institute Conference.
Good afternoon to everybody, and to Ladies and Gentleman. I'm very glad to be here at this very interesting conference. I was really amazed listening this morning, especially to the speeches of Schiller Institute President Helga Zepp-LaRouche, and the one of the enthusiastic Professor He Wenping. And also I was interested in hearing the speech of Professor Askary, who introduced the Transaqua project that I would like to show and present here.
The Transaqua Project
The Transaqua project is perfectly in line with the vision of this conference, which is "To Fulfill the Dream of Mankind." Transaqua, as maybe you know, was conceived more or less about 30 years ago, by our firm Bonifica. Perhaps at that time, it was too innovative; maybe in that time nobody was really interested in developing Africa. But nowadays conditions are really different and maybe this is the time to revive the project: Maybe we can call it "Transaqua 2.0" in order to start the development of this great dream for Africa.
Maybe most people think Transaqua is only a problem of transferring water from the Congo Basin to Lake Chad, but this is not the vision of Transaqua. First of all, everything starts from the problems that are related to Lake Chad. We are going to show you the actual situation of Lake Chad.
Lake Chad was one of the largest endorheic lakes in the world, and maybe the largest in Africa. The lake is situated in the Sahel region, at the crossing of the borders of four countries: Niger, Chad, Nigeria, and Cameroon. The total catchment area of Lake Chad is very huge: 2,434,000 sq km. Eight countries, including Algeria, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Libya, Niger, Nigeria, and Sudan are using the water resources from Lake Chad. The main inflows of Lake Chad are from the Chari River, and Chari and Longone River, and the main outflows are evaporation and infiltration. For this reason, it's an endorheic lake, because it does not drain to the sea.
The Chari River and Longone River flow from south to north, and this is the actual Lake Chad. The lake basin has a very unstable equilibrium as there is no surplus water flowing to the sea. The only outflows are infiltration and evaporation. If water is used upstream, the lake cannot but shrink.
Lake Chad always had great oscillations, due to natural climatic fluctuations. Now, especially in this period of climate change, we must follow very closely what will be the future of Lake Chad. Lake Chad is suffering from the increase in population and subsequent water consumption, mainly for irrigation, and in addition, the decrease of rainfall. Lake Chad's surface in 1973 was more or less 25,000 sq. km. As you see, in 2015, it decreased to 2,500 sq. km, while the population within the basin has grown from 8 million to 30 million people, more or less.
As a consequence of this drought and drying up of the lake, agriculture development increases pollution, ecological destruction, and extinction of rare species. The economy of the surrounding countries and region is severely threatened by reduction of the lake's surface levels and volumes. Average food production and household purchasing power have been continuously reduced since the 1980s. Humanitarian, ecological, and economic crises are developing rapidly as the volume and surface of Lake Chad are drastically reduced at an alarming and accelerated pace.
Also, it's important to show the evidence that in this region, the consequences of this are also all the problems related to Boko Haram, which is really active in this region due to the poverty of this region.
How to mitigate the Lake Chad drought: Well, thinking of the problems of Lake Chad, we have to think about the future. And the future in 30 to 50 years will be very, very dramatic for Africa in a certain way. As you see, it is forecast that real growth of the population, between today and the year 2200, will grow by 400%. So the problem is, what will happen when, within 30-40 years you will have the doubling of the population in Africa, and also in those Sahel regions.
We heard today in the earlier speeches, about the New Deal and the optimistic vision of Chinese President Xi Jinping, and we really hope that, due to the positive strength of China, they will really succeed in helping the world help to develop, and that these regions will have help from the Chinese for development. There are a lot of projects that are going on as Mr. Askary has showed us in the context for all of Africa. But, it is important, also to set up and improve the Transaqua project in Central Africa, in the middle of Africa, the part which is poorest and where the desert is continuing to make inroads.
The consequence of not doing this is a huge migration into the rich countries, and of course, Italy and Europe are suffering from these consequences. Most of the people come from the Sahel region, so I think that Europe has to help to improve the Transaqua project, in order to develop all these countries, and bring food, agriculture, and fisheries as a way to eliminate poverty in this region.
Over the years, the Lake Chad Basin Commission, created by the states around Lake Chad has really done great work in facing up to the shrinking of the lake, and for the realization of numerous national and transnational projects, to optimize the use of water resources and mitigate possible disputes between the states.
What to do next? What will the next challenges be for the Lake Chad Basin Commission? First of all, in the medium term, there are projects that are going on to mitigate the Lake Chad drought, of course, projects that tend to sustain the existence of people, improve the efficiency of water use, through new research, innovative organization, based on the use of smart technologies to improve the efficiency of system coordination and control. First of all, a very big monitoring system should be set up in order to control the consequences of climate change, control all the problems related to agricultural use, and control the consequences of national and transnational projects that are being done in this region.
We can be very optimistic, but due to the growth of the population, the long-term measures cannot be other than to think how to transfer large volumes of water from the Congo River Basin to Lake Chad.
Well, water transfer to drying up endorheic lakes is not merely a "nature conservation measure." Environment and wildlife deserve to be protected—human beings, too. A drying endorheic lake is proof that the water resources in its catchment area are overexploited with respect to incoming run-off. Transfering water from adjacent river basins that have surplus water flowing into the sea, is a way of increasing water availability, especially for agriculture, in the context of the increasing population and declining rainfall, and to restore wildlife.
When water is in short supply in a given place, either you bring it there, or people will migrate elsewhere.
Near Lake Chad, there is an immense, scarcely populated river basin, which discharges into the Atlantic Ocean an average of 40,000 cubic meters/second—the equivalent to 1,250 billion m3 /year. That discharge is 200 times the discharge of the Main River [in Germany], or 14 times that of the Rhine at its mouth. How much of this volume could be possibly and safely diverted into Lake Chad has yet to be studied.
Can we think of a "win-win" project, where all countries involved have their advantages, which is perhaps, one of the basic conditions for developing this project?
Bringing water from the Congo River Basin to the thirsty Chad region and increasing irrigated agriculture, restoring the lake, producing hydropower and improving inter-African transport and commerce, is the vision of this Transaqua Project.
A canal would have to intercept part of the discharge of the right-hand tributaries of the Congo River, and convey them across the watershed between the Congo Basin and the Chari Basin. The diverted flow would reach Lake Chad through one of the Chari tributaries, properly reshaped. A very preliminary estimate gives an amount up to 100 billion m3 /year could be diverted. That this less than 8% of the Congo discharge, ensuring thus the restoration of Lake Chad and irrigation of up to 3 million hectares.
In its fall toward Chad, the diverted flow could be used for hydropower production. Along the canal, a road should be built which would become the backbone of inter-African land transport. The hypothesis that the canal could also be suitable for navigation has been made. Those ideas stemming from the early 1920s, have been studied by Bonifica, and are presently being considered by the Lake Chad Basin Commission as a possible project for the future.
The idea of Bonifica is to transfer about 100 million cubic meters of water per year from the Congo River Basin to the Lake Chad and Sahel district. This is the Congo Basin as you can see in red, which is the alignment more or less of the canal. You cross the watershed and you go into the water catchment area of the River Chari.
What is important to note is that the Transaqua formula is not simply to replenish Lake Chad, but to give access to drinking water, revive agricultural activity, irrigation, fish farming, a navigable waterway, trade, transport, regulate flows, produce electric power, river ports, commerce, and road connections—thus creating an economic development system along the Transaqua waterway.
With the regeneration of Lake Chad's natural resources, we can show the shape of the lake in 2087. Characteristic of this project is that navigable infrastructure systems can be realized through modules. We don't need to realize the whole project at the same time, so we start from the part which is most near to the watershed, and the development of the first 500 km of the canal.
The Transaqua water project is a combination of situations. In order to produce hydropower, we will construct small dams along the tributaries of the river, in order to catch some part of the water for the Transaqua canal. By connecting different lakes with canals, we can realize a waterway which will have a maximum extent of up to 2,400 km, reaching Lake Tanganyika on the east side of Africa.
Road connection: As you can see, the Transaqua corridor intersects the Lagos-Mombasa Road, which is one of the principal roads that was shown by Professor Askary in his speech. And as you can see, in the Mombasa-Nairobi link, it is one of the hubs of the One Belt, One Road project.
It is very interesting to think that this Transaqua Project can become one of the projects that can be developed within the One Belt, One Road project.
Some final considerations: Having for years pursued a dream, now is the time to take action. From this point of view, what is interesting and new is the fact that the Chinese have begun to get interested in the project. Last year, a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) was signed between the Lake Chad Basin Commission, and ChinaPower, which is one of the big infrastructure companies of China. The scope of the MOU was to start the feasibility study of the water transfer project, by trying to construct one of the first elements of the project, which is the CIMA Project. I don't have time now to explain this CIMA project, but it is certainly one of the modules of Transaqua, although it is only part of it, because the CIMA project, developed by the Canadian CIMA company, is a project to pump water from the Ubangi River over the watershed into the Chari River, which is a different vision from Transaqua, which is to construct a corridor crossing Africa, and bringing development to all the regions that are crossed by the project.
It is important at this point to show that Bonifica, in the context of the signing of this MOU, decided to go to China and to speak to ChinaPower, in order to offer the collaboration of Europeans, of Italians, to jointly develop the feasibility study. We found a great interest from the Chinese, so we signed an MOU and now we are taking action in order to jointly develop this feasibility project together with the Chinese. This may be the first break in the construction of this important infrastructure in the center of Africa.
Thank you. [applause]


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A new analysis has found that supplementing the diet with fish oil may prevent muscle and weight loss that commonly occurs in cancer patients who undergo chemotherapy. Published early online in Cancer, a peer-reviewed journal of the American Cancer Society, the study indicates that fish oil may help combat cancer-related malnutrition.
Chemotherapy can cause cancer patients to lose muscle mass and become malnourished, leading to fatigue, a decreased quality of life, an inability to receive necessary treatments, and shorter survival.
Researchers suspect that supplementing the diet with fish oil—which contains omega-3 fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid—may help patients maintain or gain muscle. To test the hypothesis, Vera Mazurak, PhD, of the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada, led a team that compared the effects of fish oil with that of standard care (no intervention) on weight, muscle, and fat tissue in newly referred non-small cell lung cancer patients.
The trial involved 16 patients who took fish oil (2.2 grams of eicosapentaenoic acid/day) and 24 patients who did not. The study ran until patients completed their first-line (initial) chemotherapy treatments, which lasted about 10 weeks. Muscle and fat were periodically measured using computed tomography images. Blood was collected and weight was recorded at the start of the study and throughout chemotherapy.
Patients who did not take fish oil lost an average of 2.3 kilograms whereas patients receiving fish oil maintained their weight. Patients with the greatest increase in eicosapentaenoic acid concentration in the blood following fish oil supplementation had the greatest gains in muscle. Sixty-nine percent of patients in the fish oil group gained or maintained muscle mass. Comparatively, only 29 percent of patients in the standard care group maintained muscle mass, and overall, patients in this group lost 1 kilogram of muscle. No difference in total fat tissue was observed between the two groups.
The authors concluded that nutritional intervention with two grams of fish oil per day provides a benefit over standard care, allowing patients to maintain their weight and muscle mass during chemotherapy. "Fish oil may prevent loss of weight and muscle by interfering with some of the pathways that are altered in advanced cancer," said Dr. Mazurak. "This holds great promise because currently there is no effective treatment for cancer-related malnutrition," she added. Dr. Mazurak noted that fish oil is safe and non-toxic with virtually no side effects. It may be beneficial to patients with other forms of cancer and other chronic diseases that are associated with malnutrition, as well as to elderly individuals who are at risk for muscle loss.
Contact: Jennifer Beal
[email protected]


text: The Automatic Brake Release lets you accelerate from a braked position without first having to release the electric parking brake. It's also very helpful during hill starts. If your SEAT has an automatic transmission, just press the accelerator and go. To determine the ideal point at which to release the brake, the electronic parking brake's control unit analyses the signals related to the engine torque and speed, the angle of incline and the accelerator/clutch position.


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How to Add BotDetect PHP CAPTCHA Protection to Laravel 5.1 Applications
Adding BotDetect PHP Captcha protection to your Laravel MVC applications requires a slightly different approach than adding it to basic PHP websites, but is still straightforward. This page will guide you through the necessary steps and explain the available options.
First Time Here?
Check the BotDetect Laravel 5.1 Captcha Quickstart for key integration steps.
Table of Contents
- BotDetect Laravel CAPTCHA download package
- Include BotDetect CAPTCHA in your Laravel application
- Display BotDetect CAPTCHA In Your Laravel View
- Validate the Captcha in your Laravel Controller
The BotDetect Laravel CAPTCHA Integration Package
Laravel is a MVC framework that leverages certain conventions to provide a rich set of functionality to PHP application developers. Therefore adding BotDetect Captcha into Laravel based site or application requires a layer of integration code to conform to those conventions. This enables BotDetect Captcha to integrate seamlessly and be used according to expectations of Laravel developers.
Path Aliases Used Throughout This Guide
: the root of the application install (same as thebase_path()
Laravel helper)<MY_LARAVEL_APP>
: the app directory (same as theapp_path()
Laravel helper)<BD_LARAVEL_PACK>
: the downloaded and extracted contents of the BotDetect Laravel Captcha Integration Package
For convenience purposes we are providing the BotDetect Captcha Laravel integration code packaged as a Laravel composer package.
You can get the whole BotDetect Laravel Captcha integration package here. The package contains the integration code, basic Captcha validation example, an example demonstrating the usage of the BotDetect Captcha with Laravel's Validation class and Blade Templates. There is also an example of adding BotDetect Captcha into Laravel Auth Login and Register forms.
The BotDetect Laravel CAPTCHA Composer Package
BotDetect Laravel CAPTCHA composer package, is available at https://packagist.org/packages/captcha-com/laravel-captcha
The integration package includes a wrapper class around the regular BotDetect Captcha Library for use in your application Controllers.
The package also includes separate Controllers that handle:
- Captcha image, sound, and resources requests, which use
Urls by default.
Laravel Basic BotDetect CAPTCHA Example
This basic Laravel 5.1 Captcha example shows how to use the BotDetect Captcha Laravel composer package in your Controller and View code, and handling of basic Captcha user input validation.
- Routing:
<BD_LARAVEL_PACK>/bd-captcha-laravel-5.1-examples /app/Http/routes.php
- Controller:
<BD_LARAVEL_PACK>/bd-captcha-laravel-5.1-examples /app/Http/Controllers/ExampleController.php
- View:
<BD_LARAVEL_PACK>/bd-captcha-laravel-5.1-examples /resources/views/example.blade.php
- Config:
Form Validation BotDetect Laravel CAPTCHA Example
This Laravel 5.1 form validation Captcha example shows how to use BotDetect Captcha with Laravel form and validation functionality by implementing a simple contact form.
- Routing:
<BD_LARAVEL_PACK>/bd-captcha-laravel-5.1-examples /app/Http/routes.php
- Controller:
<BD_LARAVEL_PACK>/bd-captcha-laravel-5.1-examples /app/Http/Controllers/ContactController.php
- View:
<BD_LARAVEL_PACK>/bd-captcha-laravel-5.1-examples /resources/views/contact.blade.php
- Config:
<BD_LARAVEL_PACK>/bd-captcha-laravel-5.1-examples /config/captcha.php
Laravel Auth BotDetect CAPTCHA Example
This Laravel 5.1 Auth Captcha example shows how to use BotDetect Captcha with Laravel Authentication.
- Routing:
<BD_LARAVEL_PACK>/bd-captcha-laravel-5.1-examples /app/Http/routes.php
- Controller:
<BD_LARAVEL_PACK>/bd-captcha-laravel-5.1-examples/app/Http /Controllers/Auth/AuthController.php
<BD_LARAVEL_PACK>/bd-captcha-laravel-5.1-examples/app/Http /Controllers/Auth/PasswordController.php
- View:
<BD_LARAVEL_PACK>/bd-captcha-laravel-5.1-examples/resources/views /auth/login.blade.php
<BD_LARAVEL_PACK>/bd-captcha-laravel-5.1-examples/resources/views /auth/register.blade.php
<BD_LARAVEL_PACK>/bd-captcha-laravel-5.1-examples/resources/views /auth/email.blade.php
- Config:
The provided examples are available inside of a single Laravel app via their respective controllers:
You can copy the whole preconfigured Laravel app from the BotDetect Captcha Laravel Package somewhere on your development web server and examine it there.
1. Include BotDetect CAPTCHA in Your Laravel MVC Application
Install BotDetect Laravel CAPTCHA composer package via Composer
Note: If you do not have Composer yet, you can install it by following the instructions on https://getcomposer.org
If you have Git installed on your development machine, you should use the following installation procedure:
Step 1: Install the BotDetect Laravel Captcha Composer Package
Run the following command in your application's root directory:
Step 2: Register the Laravel Captcha service provider (<MY_LARAVEL_WEBROOT>/config/app.php
"providers" => [ ... LaravelCaptcha\Providers\LaravelCaptchaServiceProvider::class ]
Step 3: Publish Captcha configuration file:
Run the following command in your application's root directory:
The captcha.php
file is already put in Laravel's config
folder now.
A Note On PHP Session Persistence
The Laravel CAPTCHA Package requires persistent per-user server storage to work properly. By default, it uses Laravel Session, which is convenient in most use cases.
If your environment requires a different approach to handle Session data, you can be easily adding a custom session driver as described here.
Note that a Session cleanup right after creating a Captcha class instance may cause an error since BotDetect will not find its Session data.
2. Display BotDetect CAPTCHA In Your Laravel View
Register a route for multiple verbs
Route::get('example', 'ExampleController@getExample'); Route::post('example', 'ExampleController@postExample');
In the code above, we have registered HTTP GET and POST verbs for your page.
Captcha configuration options
<?php if (!class_exists('CaptchaConfiguration')) { return; } // BotDetect PHP Captcha configuration options return [ // Captcha configuration for example page 'ExampleCaptcha' => [ 'UserInputID' => 'CaptchaCode', 'ImageWidth' => 250, 'ImageHeight' => 50, ], ];
In order to use the Laravel CAPTCHA Package, you must declare Captcha configuration in config/captcha.php
file following the structure given above. The ExampleCaptcha
is an example name and will be used when showing Captcha image in your view, you should pick a name that best matches your usage scenario like: LoginCaptcha, ContactCaptcha, etc. You can find a full list of available Captcha configuration options and related instructions at the Captcha configuration options page.
In case you need different Captcha for another form in your application, here is the example how to add additional captcha configuration for a login form:
<?php if (!class_exists('CaptchaConfiguration')) { return; } // BotDetect PHP Captcha configuration options return [ // Captcha configuration for example page 'ExampleCaptcha' => [ 'UserInputID' => 'CaptchaCode', 'ImageWidth' => 250, 'ImageHeight' => 50, ], // Captcha configuration for login page 'LoginCaptcha' => [ 'UserInputID' => 'CaptchaCode', 'CodeLength' => CaptchaRandomization::GetRandomCodeLength(4, 6), 'ImageStyle' => [ ImageStyle::Radar, ImageStyle::Collage, ImageStyle::Fingerprints, ], ], ];
Compose Your Laravel View With BotDetect CAPTCHA Display
Inside your View script, you should include some form elements alongside the Captcha display. In a regular form with a submit button, you need an input field where the user retypes the characters shown in the Captcha image.
You display the image by calling the captcha_image_html()
helper function. It is required to pass a captcha configuration key defined in config/captcha.php
file (as in this example, we have passed the ExampleCaptcha
<form action="{{ URL::to('/example') }}" method="POST"> {!! csrf_field() !!} {!! captcha_image_html('ExampleCaptcha') !!} <input type="text"id="CaptchaCode" name="CaptchaCode"> <button type="submit">Submit</button> </form>
You also need to add the BotDetect Captcha layout stylesheet by calling the captcha_layout_stylesheet_url()
helper function, which Laravel will include in the <head>
of your page containing the Captcha:
<link href="{{ captcha_layout_stylesheet_url() }}" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet">
The Captcha should now be visible and functioning in your View.
3. Validate the CAPTCHA In Your Laravel Controller
After your Captcha is displayed alongside a form input field, you will want to validate user submitted Captcha code in a Controller action. This should always be done before any sensitive processing to confirm the submitted data is actually entered by a person and not a bot.
Use the valid_captcha
validation rule
$this->validate($request, [ ... 'CaptchaCode'=> 'valid_captcha' ]);
Laravel CAPTCHA package provides valid_captcha
validation rule, simple and convenient facility for validating captcha code in your form.
Use the captcha_validate()
helper function
Validate the Submitted CAPTCHA Code User Input
The validation of Captcha code input should be performed in Controler->Action that is on the receiving end of the form submission (where the form action points to).
Usually, the submitted form data is available inside the Laravel's Request object, by the same name you gave the Captcha code input field on the form where it was displayed. For example: $request->input('CaptchaCode')
It is then a matter of calling the captcha_validate()
helper function and passing it the user input.
$code = $request->input('CaptchaCode'); $isHuman = captcha_validate($code);
Handle CAPTCHA Validation Failure / Success
You should then write some code to handle both Captcha validation success and failure. If it failed, you should abort further processing and display an error message; if it succeeded, you can proceed with the protected form action:
if ($isHuman) { // TODO: Captcha validation passed: // continue with form processing, knowing the submission was made by a human } else { // TODO: Captcha validation failed: // abort sensitive action, return an error message }
This will ensure that the sensitive action can not be automated and is only performed when a human fills out the form.
Current BotDetect Versions
BotDetect ASP.NET CAPTCHA
2019-07-22v4.4.2 -
BotDetect Java CAPTCHA
2019-07-22v4.0.Beta3.7 -
BotDetect PHP CAPTCHA


text:
Outpatient Testing
Electrocardiogram (EKG)
An EKG is a test that records the electrical activity of the heart. This test is preformed to determine if there is any damage to the heart. How fast the heart is beating and whether or not it is beating normally. It can also evaluate the effects of drugs or devices such as a pacemaker used to control the heart.
Holter Monitoring (24 Hours)
A holter monitor is a machine that continuously records the heart's rhythm. The monitor is worn for 24 hours during normal activity. A holter monitor is used to determine how the heart responds to normal activity.
Event Monitoring
A small device used by patients over a two week to one month period. That will store a person's heart rhythm when the person presses a button. The intent of the event monitor is able to record the person's heart rhythm while they are having symptoms.
Echocardiogram (Echo)
A graphic outline of the heart's movement. During this test ultrasound is used to provide pictures of the hearts valves and chambers. It allows the physician to evaluate the pumping action of the heart.
Exercise Stress Test
A screening tool to test the effect of exercise on the heart. During this test the patient will exercise on a treadmill while having their heart rhythm monitored. This test gives a general sense of how healthy a person's heart is.
Stress Echocardiogram
This test involves exercising on a treadmill while having your heart monitored. An echocardiogram will be preformed prior to the test while at rest, and again after exercising to determine how the heart tolerates activity, evaluate the function of the heart and valves and to determine the likelihood of having coronary artery disease.
Onsite Laboratory
Our facility offers an onsite laboratory for the convenience of our patients.
Pacemaker and Defibrillator Checks
It is necessary to have your pacemaker or defibrillator checked regularly. A visit to have your pacemaker checked will ensure that it is working properly and that there is enough battery life to function without trouble.