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DOIDrawing on examples of installation, film, photography, and performance, this essay explores the significance of the island theme in contemporary British art. Focusing on Alex Hartley's Nowhereisland, a floating construction that travelled from the Arctic to the south coast of England during the 2012 Olympics, it considers several recent island projects and how these contribute not only to aesthetic and visual culture, but also to an understanding of wider political and cultural issues. Nowhereisland challenged many themes and tropes, not only of nationhood, mobility, and "islandness", but also of the relationship of place to landscape. As a mobile, participatory, and transitory sculpted landscape, Hartley's floating island undermines any sense of landscape being apparently "natural" or fixed. The essay explores both the pre-history of Hartley's floating project and the significance of the creative potential and contemporary relevance of the broader island theme in contemporary multimedia and sculptural practice in Britain, drawing upon works by Katrina Palmer, Lucy Orta, and Rachel Whiteread.
In the summer of 2012, holidaymakers relaxing on beaches along the south coast of England were intrigued to see a strange rocky island approaching from northern waters, towed by a tug (Fig. 1). It proceeded around the south-west coast, arriving at Weymouth at the end of July, and then continued along the Devon coast, stopping off at various holiday resorts. Conceived by the English artist Alex Hartley, this carefully planned nautical journey coincided with the opening of the Olympic Games in London that summer. The floating construction was called Nowhereisland, also pronounced as Now-here-is-land, and partly made up of soil and rocks taken from an island that had appeared in the Norwegian archipelago of Svalbard in the High Arctic (Fig. 2). The land was revealed as the result of the retreating Sonklarbreen glacier—a direct effect of global warming. Hartley claimed to have discovered the island in 2004 on the Cape Farewell Arctic expedition, when he found it absent from all existing maps and charts. There followed a lengthy correspondence with the Norwegian authorities and Governor of Svalbard in which Hartley sought to name and claim the island as a secessionist micro-nation with multinational citizens, and its own system of government (Fig. 3, Fig. 4).1
This was part of a much longer, drawn-out story in which Hartley made a claim on the island, only to be refused by the Norwegian government. He eventually won permission to remove a small part of Nymark (as he named it) and towed it south in 2012. He declared its independence, and established it as an island nation, seeking citizens from around the world. A total of 23,003 people from 135 countries signed up to be citizens of Nowhereisland on its website and through its mobile embassy. In the wake of the 2016 Brexit vote to assert the UK's separate island status, reduce immigration, and supposedly "take back control", it is hard to ignore the political and ironic potential of this ambitious project.
DOINowhereisland was not just an island, but a floating piece of land. It was perpetually moving its geographical coordinates and its borders were open to all to claim citizenship (Fig. 5). As a mobile, transitory landscape, Nowhereisland challenged many tropes not only of nationhood and "islandness", but also of the idea of a stable relationship between landscape and space or place. It undermines any sense of landscape being apparently "natural" or fixed, and as a participatory project, also clouds the boundaries between representation and the real. Moreover, access to Nowhereisland is now entirely through photographic and filmed records and materials, reminding us of the problem of what constitutes the "archive".
Metaphors and Legacies
DOIThe idea of the island is a much-used metaphor in everyday speech, and has been adopted in many disciplines to connote isolation or uniqueness, and a more complex notion of "islandness".2 In an era wrestling with problems of climate change, migration, and globalisation, not to mention post-Brexit fantasies in Britain specifically of "separate island status", the island theme resonates with literal and metaphorical possibilities for many contemporary artists and writers. Its significant literary legacy is also rich in utopian or dystopian possibilities: from Greek mythology (the mythical island of Atlantis, or the islands visited in Homer's Odyssey) to Shakespeare's The Tempest (1611); and encompassing works such as Thomas Moore's Utopia (1516), Francis Bacon's New Atlantis (1627), Defoe's Robinson Crusoe (1719), and Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels (1723), the theme has inspired literary, philosophical, and epistemological musings on the nature of humanity.3 Modern writers such as William Golding (Lord of the Flies, 1954) and Aldous Huxley (Island, 1962), have also engaged with the dystopian possibilities of the theme and its relevance to contemporary culture. While literary history has increasingly explored the idea of the island, in the visual arts there is still some work to be done mapping the artistic uses of the theme and its wider imaginative potential.
DOIAs Hartley's project demonstrated, the subcategory of the floating island can also carry powerful metaphorical baggage and symbolic resonances, as is revealed in literary history. In 1673, a satirical novel by Richard Head was published under the title of The Floating Island, a spoof travel narrative recounting the adventures of its debt-ridden protagonist Captain Robert Owe—much in supposedly distant lands. In fact, the voyage turns out to be a faintly disguised crossing from the south to the north bank of the Thames and results in a scatological tour of the City of London.4 In the nineteenth century, Jules Verne's novel The Floating Island of 1896, first published in French as L'Île à hélice (Propeller Island) in 1895, constructs another nautical fantasy in which a French String Quartet is abducted to an immense constructed island reserved for the super wealthy and which travels around the Pacific Ocean.5 Verne's original French version contained some overt social commentary deemed critical of the Americans and the British, which was cut by his British publishers. Although separated by centuries, for both Head and Verne, the floating island theme was rich in metaphorical possibilities and observations on—or critiques of—contemporary society.6 My interest as an art historian focuses on how such ideas have been imaginatively mediated through recent artistic practice, especially by visual artists, who use the theme to explore issues of critical relevance to contemporary culture, and to transform some traditional notions of landscape. In the introduction to his first edition of Landscape and Power, W.J.T. Mitchell wrote that the aim of his book was "to change 'landscape' from a noun to a verb". He argued for the representation of landscape not simply as an object or view to be seen, but more like a process "by which social and subjective identities are formed".7 As I argue, Hartley's floating artwork presents the viewer with a performative project that continually changes and redefines the landscape around it. Making landscape is understood as an active, cultural practice.
DOIHartley's Nowhereisland seeks to combine a natural resource (the Norwegian rocks) and a complex manufactured or sculpted object. In this process, he acknowledges the important legacy of several artists working in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, including the influential American artists Robert Smithson and Andrea Zittel. Smithson is known for his land art and sculptural and photographic projects, and in 2005, his Floating Island was launched off the island of Manhattan. Never executed in his lifetime, it was constructed by Balmori Associates from a single sketch drawn in 1970 (he died in 1973) and a few notes. For two weekends in September 2005, a 90-foot barge landscaped with trees, rocks, and shrubs from New York's Central Park was towed around a part of Manhattan Island (Fig. 6). Many of Smithson's preferred sites for his so-called "earth art" projects were those "that had been disrupted by industry, reckless urbanisation or nature's own devastation."8 Although this stretch of the Hudson River hardly represents the devastation of some of his other urban sites, the work did present an artificial and displaced island, a counter to the relative rootedness of Manhattan—which was itself a symbol of ruthless (perhaps also "reckless") modern urbanisation. As it travelled along the Hudson, it was highly visible to New York's residents and commuters. It drew attention to our tenuous relationship to land, place, and the natural world. It also reminded its audience that the space of Central Park, from which Smithson took his trees and rocks, was itself a carefully constructed urban landscape.9
Some similar effects and aims are evident in Nowhereisland, although the rocks that formed the heart of this work were, of course, of entirely natural origins, albeit recently revealed by the effects of climate change. Like Smithson, Hartley also combined sculpture and performance. Both islands were dependent on a messy sculptural process of making and constructing a floating structure. And both involved a performance through time which (it was hoped) would engage local spectators, whose own responses would complete the art work. That said, one cannot be sure that Smithson would have approved of the posthumous public performance and media attention that was involved in his project. It created the kind of spectacle that he usually sought to avoid in his choice of sites (or, as he called them "Non-Sites"). But his works were often full of contradictions and ambiguities.10
DOIIn several respects, Nowhereisland went beyond Smithson's Manhattan project in that it challenged many popular tropes not only of "islandness", but also of fixed nationhood and national boundaries. But both works share a concern with the relationship of place and space to landscape. As a mobile, durational project (like Smithson's Floating Island) Nowhereisland undermines any sense of a landscape being apparently "natural" and fixed. As such, it also reminds us of the problem of what constitutes the "archive". Is the archive made up of the filmed, photographic representations of the work and events? Or are these representational processes, along with the posthumous reconstruction itself, also part of the work? Hartley's landscapes are re-presented to subsequent audiences through filmed and photographic images, many of which are now substitutes for the original performance.11
DOISome similar questions around space, place, and identity have been raised by the work of the artist Andrea Zittel, who has long been fascinated with the theme of floating islands, and whose influence is acknowledged by Hartley. In the 1990s, she constructed her A–Z Pocket Property (1998–1999), a 44-ton concrete island, which she anchored off the coast of Denmark (Fig. 7) and lived on for a month, as an experiment in escapism and isolation.12 The work was partly an exploration of how we construct our notions of place, and the title (A–Z Pocket Property) references a series of housing projects by Zittel, which explore the modern tendency for "pocket" living in small urban spaces.13 Ironically, this small-scale, habitable island eventually had to be destroyed as it was too large to be maintained.
Hartley is clearly indebted to both Smithson and Zittel but there are some interesting differences. Hartley and Smithson self-consciously take fragments (rocks, stones, soil) from their respective sites and transplant them, changing their narrative histories whereas nearly every part of Zittel's island is constructed—with sprayed concrete. Like her other works on the island theme, it is a self-conscious fabrication that mimics natural landscape. That said, it could be argued that whatever materials are used, all three projects are engaged in some kind of constructed mimicry of natural landscape.
DOIZittel has created several other floating island projects, including her Island in 100 acres in the Virginia B. Fairbanks Art and Nature Park at the Indianapolis Museum of Art, 2010. This was more obviously artificial in appearance—a rounded pod structure like a dome-shaped igloo, made from polystyrene foam coated with fibreglass resin, and floated on a dock structure. Developing her interests in place and how we construct our dwellings and create identities for them, Zittel invited people to volunteer to become temporary residents of the island in the summer, and to personalise the space. Through this performative, interactive process, the boundaries between art and life were perpetually blurred. In an interview given at the time of this work, she described her interests as follows:
The idea of an island appeals to me as representation of many of the values that we strive for in our 21st-century culture: individualism, independence, autonomy, and self-sufficiency. Yet at the same time, these are the same desires that isolate us and lessen collective social and political power. I am fascinated at how the things that set us free are also the same things that oppress us; you could say that the concept of the deserted island is both our greatest fantasy and our greatest fear.14
Zittel touches on one of the paradoxes at the centre of the island motif and metaphor. It can both liberate us from social or political control, and at the same time, separate us from an enabling collective social process. Her Indianapolis Island explored various forms of social and economic exchange and collective dwelling. It became its own fantasy, with perpetually blurred boundaries between art-making, identity, and inhabiting. Similarly, blurred boundaries between ideas of art-making, separateness, and nationhood were explored in Hartley's participatory Nowhereisland
DOIHartley's first trip to the Arctic in 2004, when he "discovered" his island, was documented and that archive was exhibited in 2006 as part of the group show The Ship: Art & Climate Change (named after the ship they had travelled in) at the Natural History Museum in London. The show included photographic records and new works inspired by several Cape Farewell expeditions that took artists and writers to the High Arctic. Hartley's installation Undiscovered Island was also included in the Liverpool Biennale of that year (Fig. 8). Hartley's installation includes photographs of the discovery and the Cape Farewell expedition, the remote Arctic landscape, and framed letters to the Norwegian government requesting that they secede the island from the Kingdom of Norway. As the artist intended, these documents used landscape and text to chart what Clare Doherty called "a deliberate act of colonisation".15 Several photos of Hartley staking his claim on Nymark are mischievously transgressive and mock the heroics of colonial conquest (Fig. 3; Fig. 4). The Liverpool installation of photographs also provides a vivid example of the archive actually being orchestrated by the artist to become part of the ongoing work.
By 2010, Hartley knew that he had been shortlisted for the Artists Taking the Lead Award for the South West, Arts Council England's flagship project for the 2012 Olympics. He won the commission and this helped to finally persuade the Norwegian government to allow him to remove part of the island, sail it out into international waters, and tow it around the south-west coast. In 2010, he set sail to the Svalbard Archipelago with an expedition team of seventeen, retracing the earlier voyage. Instead of the more scientific team of geologists and climate change scientists who accompanied the Cape Farewell trip, people were selected who might form the foundations of a "new nation": these included a human geographer, a psychologist, a linguist, a feminist journalist, an environmental activist, a constitutional lawyer, an educationalist, and a magician. Once they had broken off sections of rock and soil, and installed them on floats, it was towed into international waters. A declaration of independence was made, along with an invitation to citizenship—which could be claimed online or at the mobile embassy, which was opened at each subsequent port of call (Fig. 9). Nowhereisland arrived in Weymouth on 25 July 2012, four days before the Olympic sailing races took place at Weymouth Bay. It continued its slow journey around the south-west coast as an open, visiting nation, hosted by Devon and Cornwall's famous ports, towns, and cities (Fig. 10). It ended up in Bristol, leaving the port on 9 September to be broken into pieces, which were sent to each of its 23,003 citizens all over the world.
Olympic Landscapes
DOIDOI Nowhereisland was one of several major art commissions supported by the Arts Council and other funders of the 2012 Olympics. Many of the more centrally sited Olympic commissions were designed to affirm the UK's status as an internationally esteemed creative hub, and London as a site for Olympic (and Olympian) display. Much better known is the monumental tower—or colossus—that is Anish Kapoor's Orbit (Fig. 11), which is now graced with the world's longest tunnel slide by the artist Carsten Höller. Claimed to be the tallest sculpture in the UK (114 metres high), it is nearly seven metres taller than the Statue of Liberty. Its £23 million cost was largely financed by the steel magnate Arcelor Mittal. Praised by some as an awe-inspiring feat of modern engineering, and critiqued by others as a hubristic vanity project pursued by Mayor Boris Johnson, it has transformed the East London skyline, reshaping that London landscape as a brazen celebration of its Olympic past, with according to the press release: "unparalleled views of the entire 250 acres of the Olympic Park and London's skyline from a special viewing platform."16 What has since happened to the surrounding Olympic village is, of course, more controversial.17
DOIBoth Orbit and Nowhereisland were pursued and developed as part of the UK's Olympic celebrations, as evidence of its thriving creative industries. Yet they could be seen as diametrically opposed commissions in what they sought to—and have been seen to—represent. Orbit hubristically rose to the skies like a cathedral, creating and revealing new London landscapes, especially the highly symbolic Olympic skyline. The viewing platform created a new panoramic vista—a celebratory landscape of an expanding capital city, helping to construct new narratives of the London landscape. In contrast, Nowhereisland suggested a bleak Artic topography—barren, rocky, and icy. And this was an anti-nation island, perpetually mobile, against ideas of exclusive national identity, and paradoxically uninhabited, although it did have a mobile embassy following it on land. While Orbit twisted and turned as it reached to the skies like a tower of Babel, Nowhereisland was bleakly horizontal.18 But Hartley's project was also creating new (albeit transitory) landscapes: as it was towed around the south coast, it transformed some of those Devon holiday landscapes (Fig. 12). Beach holidays and postcard views were interrupted and altered with the presence of this strange floating construction.
No one was more surprised than Hartley when the Arts Council agreed to sponsor his provocative project. Given some of its underlying themes, it is unlikely that it would have seen the light of day, if he had proposed it in the current political climate.19 Even then it provoked controversy and in 2011, The Daily Mail online included an angry feature:
The Arts Council is spending a staggering £500,000 on floating a huge piece of Arctic rock more than 2,000 miles from Norway to England.
Once in the UK the newly-named Nowhereisland, which is the size of a football pitch and was only "found" because of the partial melting of a glacier, will then be sculpted and toured 500 miles around the south coast.
The project, which forms part of its 2012 Cultural Olympiad, has been hailed by artists as an important and innovative way of looking at the dangers posed by climate change. But critics have branded it a "complete waste of public money".20
Critics were also divided in some other more left-leaning papers. Rachel Cooke described the project admiringly as a "piece of madness/genius" in The Guardian in November 2011, two months after Leo Hickman had expressed his own sense of outrage in the same paper.21 He wrote: "It's not that often that you will find me squaring up in support behind the likes of the Daily Mail, the Tax Payers' Alliance and the more reactionary elements of the Conservative party. But on this particular issue, they have called it correct."22
Islands and Citizenship
DOIDOI Claire Doherty has described the evolution of Nowhereisland from the artist's studio-based, photographic, and sculptural practice into a socially engaged "post-practice" (which I take to mean an evolving, performative project) with significant political, territorial, and economic implications: "Nowhereisland was not simply an island sculpture on the move—but to see it, to really see the work as a whole, you had to engage with the propositions, exchanges, disagreements, desires and demands of the Nowhereisland citizens."23 Through its example, the project both issued a utopian call for open and unrestricted citizenship and promoted open governance. All signed-up citizens were rewarded with a small piece of rock at the end of the project (Fig. 13).24 It also had a constitution of sorts, which was put together though invited contributions from its citizens. Following the Declaration of Nowhereisland as a new nation on 20 September 2011, Hartley and the expedition team suggested that the constitution should be an ongoing collaborative document written by its citizens, using digital technology. They devised an online tool by which propositions of 120 characters (suitable for Twitter) could be proposed for the constitution, and also in turn retweeted or disliked. Through a system of continuous ranking, the less popular proposals sank to the bottom of the list.25
DOINoweherisland was never intended to offer a literal political form of "citizenship"—itself a complex and much debated notion.26 That said, Hartley was using a form of mimicry and metaphor to address a contemporary preoccupation with national identity, so-called "sovereignty", and what has been called "the resurgence of the nation state". Of course art, even performance art, always functions as some kind of metaphor for the real, and can encourage us to reflect on our relationship with "the real world". Inevitably, many contemporary writers and theorists are engaging with the problem of the nation state in rather more complex ways, among them the novelist and essayist Rana Dasgupta. In a recent article exploring issues in his book After Nations,27 he argues forcefully that the nation state is no longer capable of rising to the challenges imposed by an increasingly internationalised world; he claims we need new global conceptions of citizenship, democracy, and financial regulation.28 To that list, I would add new global environmental regulations beyond those supposedly signed up to. I cite these issues to encourage readings of this artistic practice that take us into areas of quite complex political and economic debate—all of them topical. Given subsequent developments in the wake of the UK's 2016 Brexit vote, Hartley's call for open citizenship has a powerful prescience.
DOIHartley is one of many contemporary artists who have referenced ideas of international citizenship in island projects that deploy multifaceted and multimedia activities. For example, the artists Lucy and Jorge Orta (who work in London and Paris) directly engage with the theme in their ongoing Antarctica Project. In 2007, they went on an expedition to the Antarctic (itself a large island), aided by the team of scientists stationed at the Antarctica base on Seymour-Marambio Island (Fig. 14). Here they found a site for their temporary encampment comprised of fifty domed tent dwellings. These were hand-stitched with sections of flags and clothing fragments from countries around the world, designed to symbolise the multiplicity and diversity of peoples, and reminiscent of images of refugee camps. The flags and fragments were emblazoned with silkscreen motifs referencing the UN Declaration for Human Rights freedom of movement. The artists hoped this could represent a physical embodiment of (or at least a metaphor for) a new "Global Village". Although this project was not staged on a floating island, there was a sense in which this was a mobile global village. Tents, of course, are infinitely mobile.
The artists conceived this Antarctic Village project as a symbol of the plight of those struggling to cross borders to escape political and social conflict. The project has evolved to include many further Antarctic installations and the issue of so-called "Antarctica World Passports". The contents of the passport are a kind of manifesto for a borderless form of citizenship, for which Antarctica is seen as a symbolic model.29 In signing up for one of these passports the art viewer is (in theory at least) signing to support their Amendment to Article 1.3 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights which reads: "Everyone has the right to move freely and cross frontiers to their chosen territory. No individual should have an inferior status to that of capital, trade, telecommunication, or pollution that traverse all borders."30 The fact that you could obtain one of these passports for free at another mobile embassy at the London Frieze art fair of 2017, comes with its own ironies and reminds us of the (sometimes difficult) relationship with the market that is often part of contemporary performative art practice. For the artists, this Antarctic landscape is perceived as a mobile and potentially political zone. Mock passports were issued (like Hartley's invitation to sign up for citizenship) in a bid to encourage art visitors to symbolically transfer their individual national identity into that of a collective world citizen.
Landscape and Place
DOINowhereisland has much to contribute to the debates that surround notions of "place"—traditionally a major concern of geographers. Of course place, like home, is a profoundly interdisciplinary concept, and like home has been appropriated, reviewed, and debated by scholars of art history and visual culture. Moreover, the relationship between landscape and place is complex and contested. Landscape is often seen as an intensely visual concept, and as a material topography. The geographer Tim Cresswell (who was part of Hartley's Arctic expedition) argues that in "most definitions of landscape the viewer is outside of it", a quality that differentiates it from place.31 Place is seen then, in contrast with landscape, as a lived experience—a social construction around an identifiable neighbourhood or geographical area. Place can be a spatial imaginary tied to a landscape; it is heavily invested with meaning which is social, political, cultural, and so on. But what Hartley's work suggests is that landscape—that is the visual, artistic project—can be equally unstable. It is both literally and metaphorically a floating signifier, a verb rather than a noun. The aesthetic and political economies of Nowhereisland are explicitly linked.32
DOIIt was also a sculptural exploration of place, made from fragments of Norwegian rock and natural debris, which are central to the wider narrative of the project. Rocks, pebbles, walrus bones, and other local objects found on Nymark were displayed in the mobile land-based embassy that followed the floating island around the south coast of England. These included a tiny piece of moon rock found on the island; this constituted a part of both the larger work and the archive (that is, the objects and fragments displayed in the mobile embassy). The artist Tania Kovats, who was part of the expedition, has described the fluid—and even global—function of this archive:
One of the objects in the Nowehereisland embassy was a tiny fragment of a lunar meteorite. This object was the smallest item in the archive, yet it added the most to reflections on the nature of mobile territories. Nothing you could touch could bring you closer from something further away.33
At the same time, these objects can be perceived as evidence of the distinct "islandness" of the project; fragments provide archival evidence of its particular geological characteristics, its presence as part of the bleak, rocky formations of the Arctic Circle. Fragments then constitute further evidence of the deliberate contradictions at the heart of this floating island.
DOIHartley has also engaged with the island home theme in some of his earlier works, especially a series on and around the Scottish archipelagos, an area of the UK, which has long inspired some British artists.34 For Hartley, motifs of home, northern remoteness, and the seemingly infinite aspects of surrounding water are recurring themes. While working on a series on the Outer Hebrides, he exploited the absurd notion of scaling a simple crofter's cottage in a desolate area of the island of Skye (Fig. 15).35 He is renowned for his practice of so-called "buildering", which often involves a transgressive activity of scaling or climbing—or trespassing in and on buildings, and has climbed many modern buildings. The latter are more often scaled for repair and cleaning in areas of affluent high-rise structures, adding to the absurdity of his performance on a crofter's cottage. Moreover, it could be argued that he was deliberately trespassing on, and damaging, Norwegian territory in Nowhereisland, as his initial claim on the island was rejected by the Norwegian government. Hartley's island projects then often involve some kind of mischievously aggressive act that serves to de-romanticise the associations of specific places and landscapes.
Ideas of place and their metaphorical potential inspired another multimedia island project on the south coast of England. Commissioned by the Arts Charity Artangel in 2015, the sculptor Katrina Palmer took the Isle of Portland as her subject matter: the project included an audio walk titled The Loss Adjusters, a book End Matter (Fig. 16), and a radio broadcast on BBC Radio 4 called The Quarryman's Daughters.36 The artist lived on the island for several months while researching, and her project shared Hartley's interest in geological histories and the significance of place and identity in the shaping of local landscapes. Although conceived by a sculptor, her "art works" paradoxically featured the absence of physical matter as a central theme. Portland is a curious island, shaped like a lamb chop or a flamingo's head and joined to the south coast mainland by a famous shingle isthmus, namely, Chesil Beach (Fig. 17). Located on the historic English Jurassic coast, its luminous white stone has been extensively quarried over the centuries and forms part of many of London's best-known landmarks and monuments, including the Tower of London, many Wren churches, Buckingham Palace, the Cenotaph and Broadcasting House in Portland Place. The construction of these buildings, rich with symbolism of Britain's imperial, ecclesiastical, and colonial pasts has contributed to the hollowing out of the Isle of Portland, whose identity has become synonymous with this much coveted pale limestone.
Palmer's conceptual approach to landscape focuses on the loss of this desirable white stone. Portland's many quarries, and more recently underground mines, have progressively emptied out the underbelly of the island. Once defined by Thomas Hardy as "a single stone",37 Portland becomes an inverted sculpture defined by the absence of the stone of which it is made. Hence, the literal and metaphorical significance of "Loss Adjusters" at the heart of this work.
DOIOther artistic imaginings or reworkings of the island theme by contemporary British artists are often merged with images or representations of "home" or dwelling. Ideas of "islandness", place, and dwelling (or inhabiting) are often enmeshed—in life—as in representation. Rachel Whiteread's recent Cabin (2016), on the Hills of the Governors Island, overlooking New York harbour (Fig. 18), references the idea of remote living, divided from—yet within range of (and connected to)—the seething metropolitan mainland. Cabin is a negative concrete cast of the interior of a simple cabin. Inside the cabin, Whiteread has strewn discarded objects found on the island such as bottles and cans, echoing Hartley's archival fragments. The solitary nature of this installation—a simple space for introspection—is accentuated by the island site. Cut off from the metropolitan mainland, which is at the same time all too visible on the horizon, Whiteread's Cabin invokes the local landscape as a series of contradictions: a simple, hut-like dwelling space situated on a peaceful island mediates the force and spectacle of the New York City skyline.
Whiteread's work is, of course, much closer to single object sculpture than Hartley's multifacted, transitory project. Her permanent, concrete cast stands as a monument to past activity on the Governor's Island—a ghostly, material memory. In contrast, Hartley's project lives on through its surviving archival fragments and photographic representations. It was the engaged citizens of Nowhereisland, alongside the artist, who also helped to develop the creative illusion through their part in the ongoing performance, following the voyage and its associated events. As Hartley's work demonstrates, representations of the "island" theme have been significantly enriched by developments in the expanded field, enabling participatory and interdisciplinary engagements with artistic material. His project is marked out from some of its utopian predecessors as a durational, floating island, perpetually changing its landscape and its performative history as it travelled from the High Arctic to south-west Britain. Like Palmer's multimedia project on the Isle of Portland, it now leaves little sculptural trace (apart from fragments dispatched to citizens), and depends on photographic and digital archives to provide a visual history. As such, it also reminds us that topographies of landscape are constantly evolving and are enmeshed with our shifting ideas of both place and space. As Doreen Massey has written in a fitting quote from her "Landscape as a Provocation: Reflections on Moving Mountains" of 2006: "bearing in mind the movement of the rocks, both space and landscape could be imagined as provisionally intertwined simultaneities of ongoing, unfinished stories."38 Nowhereisland offered its audiences an unfinished story of landscape, rich in imaginative possibilities and ongoing tales of social and cultural collaboration.
DOII would like to thank Alex Hartley for kindly contributing information, answering queries, and providing images for this chapter.
About the author
Gill Perry is Emeritus Professor of Art History at the Open University and Honorary Visiting Professor at Birkbeck College, University of London. She has published widely on eighteenth-century British art and modern and contemporary art. Her publications include Themes in Contemporary Art, co-edited and co-authored with Paul Wood (London: Yale University Press, 2004); Spectacular Flirtations: Viewing the Actress in British Art 1768–1820 (London: Yale University Press for the Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art, 2007); and The First Actresses: Nell Gwynn to Sarah Siddons, (London: National Portrait Gallery 2011). Recent publications have explored relationships between gender, "home", and identity, including Playing at Home: The House in Contemporary Art (London: Reaktion Books, 2013), and the catalogue essay "Traces of Home and Changes of Skin", for the exhibition Women House, Paris and Washington, 2017–2018. Her forthcoming book explores issues of "home", landscape, and cultural geography: Islands in Contemporary Art (London: Reaktion Books, 2020).
For a full illustrated account of the project, see Alex Hartley, Nowhereisland, with Tim Cresswell, Claire Doherty, Jeffrey Kastner, and Tania Kovats (London: Cornerhouse/Victoria Miro, 2015).
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For example, island metaphors have informed anthropological theory, and in biology, the metaphor is often used in descriptions of isolated gene pools and close eco-systems. However, the notion of societies and cultures as closed social and symbolic structures have increasingly been criticised in recent years. See Thomas Hylland Eriksen, "In What Sense do Cultural Islands Exist?", Social Anthropology 1, no. 1B, (1993): 133–147. The study of islands across disciplines is developing within modern scholarship, and "island studies" is now increasingly recognised as a separate discipline, often encompassing anthropology, geography, environmental studies, sociology, cultural studies, etc. The cross-disciplinary Island Studies Journal was founded in 2006, https://www.islandstudies.ca/. The term "islandness" is sometimes used to denote a sense of a separate contained culture, constantly fearing the threat of incorporation by other larger nations, but definitions of this concept are constantly debated and disputed by island scholars. Some researchers now argue for a more fluid, global notion of "islandness" that also takes account of modern communications, the effects of increased travel, and the different contexts and histories that characterise different islands. These issues are reviewed in an article by Pete Hay, "A Phenomenology of Islands", Island Studies Journal 1, no. 1 (2006): 19–42.
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Atlantis is a fictional island mentioned by Plato within an allegory of the hubris of nations in his works Timaeus and Critias. It represents the naval power that besieges ancient Athens (the embodiment of Plato's ideal state in The Republic), but offends the Gods and is submerged in the Atlantic Ocean. The allegorical significance of Atlantis has had a major impact on subsequent literature, including sixteenth-century works such as Francis Bacon's New Atlantis and Thomas Moore's Utopia (both cited above).
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Richard Head, The Floating Island Whitefish, MT: Kessinger Publishing, 2018 [1695]). The full title begins The Floating Island: OR A NEW DISCOVERY, RELATING to the strange Adventure on a late VOYAGE FROM LAMBETHANA TO VILLA FRANCA, ALIAS RAMALLA….
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Jules Verne, The Floating Island or The Pearl of the Pacific, first published in English by Donohue Brothers, New York in 1896 (facsimile edition, Milton Keynes: Wildside Books, 2017).
5 -
Of course, the idea of floating islands has not just emerged from cultural fantasies and literary and artistic legacies. Geographers, ethnographers, and biologists have long been studying natural floating islands found in many parts of the world, which usually consist of floating aquatic plants, peat, and mud, and are often found on marshlands and lakes, as in the famous La Rota in Posta Fibreno Lake, Italy. The Uru (or Uros) people of Peru and Bolivia live on over 40 floating islands made of reeds on Lake Titicaca near Puno.
6 -
W.J.T. Mitchell (ed.) Landscape and Power, 2nd edn (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2004 [1994]), 1.
7 -
John Haber, "Inside Out and Outside In", Haber's Art Reviews, 24 September, 2005, www.haberarts.com/smithson.htm. Accessed 12 June 2018.
8 -
Central Park was established in 1857 on 778 acres of land acquired by the city of New York. In 1858, the landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted and the architect/designer Calvert Vaux won a competition to develop the park, which was opened to the public in 1858.
9 -
Smithson's concept of "Non-Sites" and some of the contradictions at the heart of his practice are explored in his extensive writings, edited by Jack Flam: Robert Smithson: The Collected Writings (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1996).
10 -
See discussion below of the installation of Nowhereisland photographs at Liverpool in 2006. The photographic archive has since acquired value as part of the (ongoing) work, re-presenting landscapes along the south coast of the UK in 2012 as island vistas. Much has now been written across disciplines on the nature and function of the idea of the archive and its theoretical underpinnings, including what has been described as "the dialectic between storage and retrieval". This is relevant to modern performance art and its photographic representations, which as some might argue are perpetually reinstated as part of an ongoing work, although separate from the original event. In this sense, the archive becomes a part of the extended original work, and is accorded value. In his book, Archive Fever: A Freudian Impression (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1996), Derrida argues from Freudian psychoanalytic theory, that the need to build and keep archives is a product of the repetition compulsion (also described as the "death drive"). A key point (of relevance to this study) made by Derrida is that: "The archivization produces as much as it records the event." Thus, archiving technology determines "the very institution of the archivable event". For a useful overview of these issues, see Walker Sampson, "From my Archive: Derrida's Archive Fever", 10 April 2011, https://wsampson.blog/2011/04/10/from-my-archives-derridas-archive-fever/. Accessed 18 May 2018.
11 -
Zittel explains the aims of this project in an interview first published in 2003, and republished in 2011, see "Pocket Property", Art 21, November 2011, https://art21.org/read/andrea-zittel-pocket-property/. Accessed 23 March 2018.
12 -
In a series of works from the 1990s and onwards, Zittel has explored minimal self-sufficient dwelling spaces, in which everyday actions such as sleeping, eating, cooking, bathing, and socialising are transformed into acts of art. "A–Z West", for example, is a series of small self-sufficient structures in the Californian desert near Joshua Tree. See Richard Julin, Andrea Zittel: Lay of My Land (New York: Prestel, 2011).
13 -
Interview in Art21 Magazine, 10 January 2010, http://magazine.art21.org/2010/01/21/the-island-in-100-acres-an-interview-with-andrea-zittel/#.W0cni9JKjIU. Accessed 16 January 2018.
14 -
Claire Doherty, in "Foreword" to Hartley, Nowhereisland (London: Cornerhouse, 2015), 11.
15 -
The official website for Arcelor Mittal Orbit is http://arcelormittalorbit.com/. Accessed 10 October 2017.
16 -
Much has been written on the controversial housing policies that followed the 2012 Olympic Park development. A Guardian review of 27 July 2017 was titled "Legacy, What Legacy? Five Years on the London Olympic Park Battle Still Lingers On". The author Tim Burrows argues that the promised "affordable" housing commitment has not taken shape: "Family-friendly utopia or part-privatised nightmare? Revitalised wasteland or monument to social cleansing? The story didn't end once the Games were over." The Guardian, 27 July 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2017/jul/27/london-olympic-park-success-five-years-depends. Accessed 20 September, 2017.
17 -
The ideological implications and ambitions of modernist architecture that "reached for the skies" like a Tower of Babel are discussed in Mark Crinson's fascinating book: Rebuilding Babel: Modern Architecture and Internationalism (London: I.B.Tauris, 2017).
18 -
As suggested by Hartley in an interview with the artist, July 2017.
19 -
The Daily Mail online, 22 September 2011: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2040107/Artist-Alex-Hartley-gets-500k-taxpayers-money-transport-Arctic-rock-.html. Accessed 11 October 2017.
20 -
Rachel Cooke, "Alex Hartley: The World is Still Big", The Guardian online, 27 November 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2011/nov/27/alex-hartley-nowhereisland-cultural-olympiad. Accessed 30 October 2018.
21 -
Leo Hickman, "Olympic Arctic Art Project Deserves to Sink", The Guardian, 22 September 2011, https://www.theguardian.com/environment/blog/2011/sep/22/olympic-arctic-art. Accessed 11 October 2017.
22 -
Claire Doherty, "The Island as Social Form", in Hartley, Nowhereisland, 155.
23 -
The utopian aspects of the project were acknowledged by Hartley, who referenced Thomas Moore's Utopia on the website and in lectures given on the subject. As Philip Hoare, among others, has pointed out "Set apart as it is, the island, real or fictional, aspires to Utopia" (from The Power of Islands and quoted in Hartley, Nowhereisland, 113). Of course, "utopia" is itself a much-debated notion and Moore's Utopia an imaginary island society. Moreover, the term "utopia" derives from the Greek terms ou-topos (meaning no place or nowhere) and eu-topos (meaning a "good place"). Carl Gardner reflects on the problems of defining utopia and what the island should not be in his essay "What Constitutes an Island State" in Hartley's Nowhereisland publication, 108.
24 -
Hartley, Nowhereisland, 156–157.
25 -
Citizenship is, of course, a contested notion. Political theorists, sociologists, and anthropologists are engaged in debates as to what the concept can mean across disciplines. A useful overview of "Concepts of Citizenship" has been published by the Institute of Development Studies: Emma Jones and John Gaventa (eds), Concepts of Citizenship: A Review (Brighton: Institute of Development Studies, 2002).
26 -
Rana Dasgupta, After Nations (London: 2019), forthcoming at the time of writing.
27 -
See "The Demise of the Nation State", The Guardian, 5 April 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/apr/05/demise-of-the-nation-state-rana-dasgupta. Accessed 5 April 2018.
28 -
The opening page of text of the "Antarctica World Passport" (issued 2017) reads: "The 1959 Antarctic Treaty counts 53 signatory nations who have declared Antarctica a common territory. The Madrid Protocol, ratified in 1991, has frozen mining until 2048 and banned industrial research or exploitation for 50 years. Military activity is similarly prohibited. Antarctica has become a land of peace, scientific research and international cooperation."
29 -
Quoted in the "Antarctica World Passport" (issued 2017).
30 -
Tim Cresswell, Place: An Introduction (Oxford: Wiley Blackwell, 2015), 17.
31 -
Although beyond the remit of this article, it is worth noting that the metaphor of floating identities (and meanings) enmeshed within various art practices has become ubiquitous in some areas of contemporary art. For example, The Lyon Art Biennale of 2016 was called Mondes Flottantes (Floating Worlds), and the 2017 Venice Biennale included many projects that engaged with themes of fluid global identities, perhaps also emphasising the fact that the Venice Biennale takes place on an island or group of islands on the Italian coast.
32 -
Hartley, Nowhereisland, 175.
33 -
Other British artists have turned the geography and geology of British Islands into complex aesthetic projects. For example, Alison Turnbull's works on the Scottish Cape Farewell project of 2011–2012 charts the activities of clouds and planets over island maps, as in North and South, which shows stars over a map grid of Barra Island.
34 -
See Alex Hartley, Not Part of Your World (Edinburgh: The Fruitmarket Gallery, 2007), 10–11.
35 -
For details of the Artangel project, see https://www.artangel.org.uk/project/end-matter/. Accessed 21 May 2018.
36 -
"The peninsula carved by time out of a single stone …", Thomas Hardy, The Well-Beloved: A Sketch of a Temperament (London: Wordsworth Classics, 2000), 3.
37 -
Doreen Massey, "Landscape as a Provocation: Reflections on Moving Mountains", Journal of Material Culture 11 (2006): 33. These ideas are also developed in her book For Space (London: Sage, 2005).
Burrows, T. (2017) "Legacy, What Legacy? Five Years on the London Olympic Park Battle Still Lingers On". The Guardian, 27 July, https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2017/jul/27/london-olympic-park-success-five-years-depends. Accessed 20 September 2017.
Cooke, R. "Alex Hartley: The World is Still Big". The Guardian online, 27 November 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2011/nov/27/alex-hartley-nowhereisland-cultural-olympiad. Accessed 30 October 2018
Cresswell, T, (2015) Place: An Introduction. Oxford: Wiley Blackwell.
Crinson, M. (2017) Rebuilding Babel: Modern Architecture and Internationalism. London: I.B.Tauris.
Dasgupta, R. (2019) After Nations. London: (forthcoming).
Dasgupta, R. (2018) "The Demise of the Nation State", The Guardian, 5 April, https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/apr/05/demise-of-the-nation-state-rana-dasgupta. Accessed 5 April 2018.
Derrida, J. (1996) Archive Fever: A Freudian Impression. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Doherty, C. (2015) "The Island as Social Form". In A. Hartley (ed.), Nowhereisland. London: Cornerhouse, 155–160.
Flam, J. (ed.) (1996) Robert Smithson: The Collected Writings. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Hardy, T. (2000) The Well-Beloved: A Sketch of a Temperament. London: Wordsworth Classics.
Hartley, A. (2007) Not Part of Your World. Edinburgh: The Fruitmarket Gallery.
Hartley, A. (2015) Nowhereisland, with Tim Cresswell, Claire Doherty, Jeffrey Kastner, and Tania Kovats. London: Cornerhouse/Victoria Miro.
Haber, J. (2005) "Inside Out and Outside In". Haber's Art Reviews, 24 September, www.haberarts.com/smithson.htm. Accessed 12 June 2018.
Hay, P. (2006) "A Phenomenology of Islands". Island Studies Journal 1, no. 1: 19–42.
Head, R. (2018 [1695]) The Floating Island. Whitefish, MT: Kessinger Publishing.
Hickman, L. (2011) "Olympic Arctic Art Project Deserves to Sink". The Guardian, 22 September, https://www.theguardian.com/environment/blog/2011/sep/22/olympic-arctic-art. Accessed 11 October 2017.
Hylland Eriksen, T. (1993) "In What Sense do Cultural Islands Exist?". Social Anthropology 1, no. 1B: 133–147.
Jones, E. and Gaventa, J. (2002) Concepts of Citizenship: A Review. IDS Bibliography 19, Brighton: Institute of Development.
Julin, R. (2011) Andrea Zittel: Lay of My Land. New York: Prestel.
Massey, D. (2005) For Space. London: Sage.
Massey, D. (2006) "Landscape as a Provocation: Reflections on Moving Mountains". Journal of Material Culture 11, nos 1–2: 167–168.
Mitchell, W.J.T. (ed.) (2002 [1994]) Landscape and Power. Chicago,IL: University of Chicago Press.
Noble, R. (2009) Utopias: Documents of Contemporary Art. London: MIT.
Palmer, K. (2015) End Matter. London: Artangel.
Sampson, W. (2011) "From my Archive: Derrida's Archive Fever", 10 April, https://wsampson.blog/2011/04/10/from-my-archives-derridas-archive-fever/. Accessed 18 May 2018
Verne, J. (1896) The Floating Island or The Pearl of the Pacific. New York: Donohue Brothers.
Zittel, A. (2011) "Pocket Property" An Interview with Andrea Zittel, Art 21 Magazine, November, https://art21.org/read/andrea-zittel-pocket-property/. Accessed March 23, 2018.
Zittel, A. (2011) "Interview with Andrea Zittel", Art21 Magazine, 10 January, http://magazine.art21.org/2010/01/21/the-island-in-100-acres-an-interview-with-andrea-zittel/. Accessed 16 January 2018.
- Author
- Gill Perry
- Date
- 29 November 2018
- Category
- Article
- Review status
- Peer Reviewed (Double Blind)
- Licence
- CC BY-NC International 4.0
- Downloads
- PDF format
- Cite as
- Gill Perry, "Landscaping Islands:
Alex Hartley's Nowhereisland and Floating Histories in Contemporary British Art", British Art Studies, Issue 10, https://doi.org/10.17658/issn.2058-5462/issue-10/gperry


text:
Looks like there are a ton of positive changes coming to jQuery Mobile – good work guys, keep it up :)
jQuery Foundation Project Updates
In order to make it easier for jQuery Foundation Members and Web developers to quickly stay abreast of all our projects, we will periodically publish consolidated project updates here.
jQuery Core
Powering 2/3 of sites, jQuery is a fast, small, and feature-rich JavaScript library
Since last December's release, the team has been hard at work on a major 3.0 release. This release – the alpha of which came out on July 8 – comes with many updates (including Promises/A+ compliant Deferreds) and bug fixes, and it finally removes some previously deprecated and underused features.
Links: download, meeting notes, full list of 3.0 changes
A big thank you to the core team and everyone who contributed – and will contribute – to the upcoming release.
Questions? Contact Timmy Willison
JavaScript library for internationalization and localization that leverages the official Unicode CLDR JSON data.
Globalize version 1.0 was released in April and provides developers with localized number formatting and parsing, date and time formatting and parsing, relative time formatting, currency formatting, and message formatting (with pluralization and gender support) that runs in browsers and Node.js, consistently across all of them.
One exciting thing the community is focused on is the ability to compile Globalize for production. This will enable applications to generate custom runtime code that is extremely small and fast.
Links: git, mailing list,
Questions? Contact Rafael Xavier de Souza
jQuery Mobile
Unified, HTML5-based user interface system for all popular mobile device platforms, built on the jQuery and jQuery UI foundation
The team has been heads down on version 1.5.0, which will bring numerous improvements including:
- A new standalone enhancer module for customizable, fast declarative initialization of any javascript including jQuery widgets and plugins.
- Improved and re-written shared with jQuery UI including button, checkboxradio, and controlgroup and the accordion widget which will replace the current collapsible and collapsible set widgets.
- All of jQuery Mobile's widget will now also feature the classes option for improved customizability and theming.
- Re-written table and navbar widgets
- Greatly improved modularity
Check out full release plans here
Links: download, meeting notes
Questions? Contact Alexander Schmitz
High performance, standard-compliant ECMAScript parser written in JavaScript
In March, we released Esprima 2.1.0, introducing support for several new pieces of ES6 syntax. In the mean time, a lot of work has been done to complete its ES6 support (check the roadmap). We've also improved the testing infrastructure and workflow to make the codebase more contributor-friendly.
Links: git, mailing list
A big thank you to all those who contributed patches to this release: Ariya Hidayat, Bei Zhang, Brandon Mills, Mike Rennie, Mike Sherov.
Questions? Contact Ariya Hidayat
jQuery UI
Curated set of UI interactions, effects, widgets, and themes built on top of the jQuery Library.
The team released jQuery UI 1.11.4 in March, bringing bug fixes for Draggable, Resizable, Sortable, Accordion, Dialog, Slider, and Tooltip.
We are focused now on support for Pointer Events, and splitting up UI Core and old jQuery support to enable smaller builds
Links: git, meeting notes
Questions? Contact Scott González
Creating open standards for CSS libraries, JavaScript UI libraries, and web developers in general.
The team is working on its Phase One release which will involve an initial CSS Framework – this is planned for later this summer.
Work is also underway for a themeroller.
Links: git, meeting notes
Thanks to Micheal Arestad, Alexander Schmitz and Rohit Mulange
Questions? Contact Sarah Frisk
Powerful, easy-to-use JavaScript unit testing framework
The latest release, 1.18.0, made a lot of improvements to the HTML reporter, making it more efficient to debug failures. For example, a new diff algorithm makes it easier to spot the difference in failed expected/actual assertions.
We're currently working on the js-reporters project, which QUnit will implement, along with hopefully many other JavaScript testing frameworks and tools. The goal is to standardize an API with events and event data for test runners. A tool like Karma could then adopt a single interface instead of having to support each testing tool individually.
If you want to help moving QUnit along, check out these issues.
Links: git, meeting notes
Questions? Contact Jörn Zaefferer
PointerEvents Polyfill: a unified event system for the web platform
PEP's First release (0.3.0) came out in April and the the project is presently working to automate and improve the W3C test suite.
Links: git, meeting notes,
Questions? Contact Scott González
2 thoughts on "jQuery Foundation Project Updates"
Great work guys. Congrats. If possible add material design elements to jquery mobile.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Image 1 of 1
Kuwait, officially the State of Kuwait i/kuːˈweɪt/ (Arabic: دولة الكويت Dawlat al-Kuwayt ), is a sovereign Arab state situated in the north-east of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia. It lies on the north-western shore of the Persian Gulf and is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south (at Khafji) and Iraq to the north (at Basra). The name Kuwait is derived from the Arabic أكوات ākwāt, the plural of كوت kūt, meaning "fortress built near water".[6] The country covers an area of 17,820 square kilometers (6,880 square miles) and has a population of about 3.5 million.[3]
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- Contained in galleries
- State Of Kuwait


text: For those who were around 18(!) years ago when I released 4-track cassettes like"Birthday Boy," "Outer Space" and "Rebel Without A Life"(which Oliver Hibert did a drawing of the PV Mall food court for the cover) that I used to unironically send to places like Seventeen Magazine and Sassy for review…. or even 10 years ago when I released that creatively pathetic excuse for an album, "Springtime In Paris,"(which for some reason got me a large feature in the print edition of the Phoenix New Times) I would urge you to consider this and my other new songs as some form of artistic redemption(samples, loops and all.) If not well that's cool, too. I still have another 6 more songs coming out. Where did all the time go? What can we do with the time we've got left, those of us who can foresee inevitably bleak life outcomes in our not too distant future while simultaneously maintaining any youthful energy at all? Think about it. Livejournal styled narcissistic rant temporarily over -B.A.


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text:
Welsh Christmas Card, Chwaer, Sister Flamingoes & Holly, text foiled in shiny gold
Pack of 6WXCOL021
A beautiful, contemporary, vivid gold foiled Welsh Christmas Day card from the amazing Claire Giles Colour Pop range. Designed with colourful shapes and bright images, and the writing is foiled in shiny gold. Printed on high quality board from sustainable sources with a grey envelope, and each comes in a biodegradable bag.
- Dimensions: 150mm x 150mm
- Blank inside for your own message
- Printed in the U.K with beautiful Gold Foiled text
- Comes cello wrapped in Compostable bag
- Comes with a grey envelope


text:
First Grantland and now comes The Classical, a new site that will feature the talents of Tim Marchamn, Eric Nusbaum, David Roth and Bethlehem Shoals. It's been an interesting year for new sites.
Also, while I'm at it, Sports Feat is a good spot to find long form sports writing. You should also keep an eye on Adi Joseph's blog, Hard-Charging.
[Photo Credit: Scott Armstrong]


text:
Oven Mitt Superior - Greebriar
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The Superior Oven Mitt by Now Designs is made from cotton twill fabric, making it flexible, durable and washable. The mitt's interior is made of a heavy-duty terry lining for great comfort and heat protection. The quilting pattern is designed for improved dexterity. Measuring 7 inches wide and 13 inches in length, this Superior Oven Mitt provides extra coverage when handling hot dishes. It also features an end hook for convenient storage.
100% cotton with cotton terry lining
13 inch
100% cotton with cotton terry lining
13 inch


text:
Fate of Flames
Four girls with the power to control the elements and save the world from a terrible evil must come together in the first epic novel in a brand-new series.
When Phantoms—massive beasts made from nightmares and darkness—suddenly appeared and began terrorizing the world, four girls, the Effigies, each gained a unique power to control one of the classical elements: earth, air, fire, and water. Since then, four girls across the world have continually fought against the Phantoms, fulfilling their cosmic duty. And when one Effigy dies, another girl gains her power as a replacement.
But now, with technologies in place to protect the world's major cities from Phantom attacks, the Effigies have stopped defending humanity and, instead, have become international celebrities, with their heroic feats ranked, televised, and talked about in online fandoms.
Until the day that New York City's protection against the Phantoms fails, a man seems to be able to control them by sheer force of will, and Maia, a high school student, unexpectedly becomes the Fire Effigy.
Now Maia has been thrown into battle with three girls who want nothing to do with one another. But with the first human villain that the girls have ever faced, and an army of Phantoms preparing for attack, there isn't much time for the Effigies to learn how to work together.
Can the girls take control of their destinies before the world is destroyed forever?
Ages: Teen
Price: $17.99
Published by: Little, Brown and Company Books for Young Readers


text:
Rockets struck Baghdad's international airport compound Thursday, as the country tries to contain anti-government protests which have shaken the foundation of the Iraqi government. The attack appears to be the latest in what a senior U.S. military official described as a dangerously escalating campaign by Iran-backed militias.
The protests, which have swept cities from Baghdad to Basra over the last two-and-a-half months, have laid bare the Iraqi government's limited ability to control Iran-backed paramilitary forces that are now part of the country's official security forces. And they have raised fears that tensions among the largest of roughly 30 different Iran-backed groups will divert attention from fighting a resurgent ISIS.
More than 450 protesters have been killed since the anti-government protests began Oct. 1 — many of the deaths blamed on Iran-backed militia forces. Demonstrators have demanded an end to what they consider an Iranian stranglehold on Iraq's security, politics and economy — posing the biggest threat to Iranian influence in Iraq since 2003. Although the demonstrations have been largely peaceful, in the holy cities of Najaf and Karbala, protesters set fire to the Iranian consulates, along with a shrine tied to an Iran-backed political figure.
Demonstrators have also demanded a new Iraqi government. Iraq's prime minister recently resigned in response to the protests and the Iraqi parliament is under pressure to pass reforms to limit the influence of traditional political parties.
The rockets fired at the airport Thursday caused no casualties or serious damage, but they followed a string of attacks over the past five weeks that U.S. officials say have escalated both in frequency and potential lethality. On Monday, rockets fired near a State Department-run diplomatic security compound in the airport compound wounded at least five Iraqi counterterrorism forces, one of them seriously.
"I think that attack is part of a broader trend that is attacking the U.S. and coalition presence in Iraq, as opposed to the episodic harassing fire that we've become used to," a senior U.S. military official told NPR in Baghdad. He spoke on condition of anonymity to be able to speak more candidly about the threats.
The official cited a Nov. 8 attack on U.S. forces at the Qayyarah West Airfield base, south of Mosul, in which 31 rockets were launched from the back of a specially modified flatbed truck. That attack, he said, used 107-mm rockets, most of which landed off the compound with no reported injuries.
The next major attack, on Dec. 3, used a similarly adapted truck to remotely launch larger 122-mm rockets at al-Asad base in western Anbar province, according to multiple military officials. The U.S. military official said some of the rockets landed near a dining facility — vacant at the time. Al-Asad is the base where Vice President Mike Pence visited American forces in November, as did President Trump last Christmas.
"That's a bit different than one or two rockets that are harassing fire," said the U.S. military official, referring to rockets regularly launched into Baghdad's Green Zone, where the American Embassy is located. Those rockets normally land in empty fields or fall short and fall into the Tigris River.
The official says even larger 240 mm rockets — which he says the U.S. knows to be Iranian-made — were used in Monday's attack near the State Department-run compound.
The U.S. military official says intercepted communications show clear links between the attacks on military bases and Kataib Hezbollah, the largest of the Iranian-backed paramilitaries in Iraq. The group is part of the Popular Mobilization Forces formed to fight ISIS in 2014 and is nominally integrated into Iraq's official security forces.
"We know it's KH and [the Iraqi government] know[s] it's KH. Why is someone not holding them to account?" asked the U.S. military official. "Now you have one element of supposedly, purportedly legitimate security forces causing casualties on another element of the Iraqi legitimate security forces — and threatening a coalition that's here to defeat ISIS at the invitation of the Iraqi government."
A Kataib Hezbollah spokesman, asked about the allegations, told NPR he was not yet authorized to comment on them.
The Iraqi government has said it is investigating the Dec. 9 attack which wounded members of its counterterrorism forces. Up to now, it has been consistently unwilling to publicly blame militias that are allegedly under the prime minister's command. It has placed blame on "unknown groups" or unspecified "third parties" for many protester deaths.
U.S. military personnel in Iraq were placed on heightened alert after Thursday's attack. The U.S. Embassy earlier this year evacuated hundreds of staff in response to what it said were increased Iranian threats. The U.S. government previously closed down its consulate in Basra, following a rocket attack on the edge of the compound where it was based.
The closure has left the United States with no diplomatic presence south of Baghdad. The U.S. military, limited to anti-ISIS operations and training, also has no presence in Iraq's southern provinces, which are largely controlled by Iranian-backed militias.
The uptick in attacks attributed to Iran-backed groups has raised fears of a U.S. military response among many Iraqis who are worried their country is caught in the middle of a U.S.-Iranian conflict. Such a response would almost certainly spark retaliation by Iran and could further destabilize Iraq's weak caretaker government.
U.S. officials have long described the death or injury of a American citizen as a red line that would spark retaliation.
"My fear is if [the Iraqi government] is not willing to take action, and if they're not willing to tamp this down, then we're going to get to a point where we are going to be backed into a corner," says the U.S. military official. "We won't just eat rockets all day until a couple of us are killed."
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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As any diabetic will tell you blood sugar is really hard to keep even semi stable—it goes up and down and the balancing act can really drive you crazy! I personally don't really need too much to fill me up anymore which means I have to eat many times in a day—not much but something. I searched the internet to see what snacks would be safe for a diabetic to try when they need something—here are a few that I found. Some I knew about-some surprised me!
Cheese- I kind of knew about this before but here are 2 brands that also have low
Calories but if you have to watch your sodium intake—the sodium is high!
I love Munster Cheese and a slice or two usually does not affect my blood
Mini BabyBell Light (hard cheese)
Laughing Cow Light (soft cheese)
Jell-O Mousse Pudding- I did not know about this one and you know I am going to give
this one a try (low calories/low sodium)
Fruits- Your best bet are berries!
Misc- Here are a bunch of other items you can snack on!
Yogurt Sticks
Veggie Chips or Straws
Dark Chocolate Squares (I prefer White or Milk-oh well)
Dr. Praeger's little sweet potato pieces (I gotta try these!)
Whole Wheat Mini Pita Bread
Low Carb Tortillas
Yellow Corn Tortillas
Mini Filo Dough Shells
Mini Taco Shells
Oat Fit Oatmeal
Popcorn (air popped)
You can mix and match just watch the calorie content and the total carb content if you do
And always remember to take your blood sugar after trying something new; not everyone's body will react the same way. Protein sources (Tuna, Roast Beef, Hamburger, Turkey, etc) can always be put (in moderation of course) into one of the bread sources listed above if you are trying to make a meal.
Always read the labels before you buy and when you combine to make sure you are not overdoing it!
All opinions expressed are my own honest opinions. For more information please check my Disclosure Statement. Our giveaways are in no way sponsored or promoted by Facebook.


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Category: Food Decoration (Page 1 of 1)
Halloween Spider Decoration for Deviled Eggs
September 21st, 2013 in Food Decoration by Julia VolhinaMany stores started moving their Halloween products to prime spots in preparation to the holiday.
It seems a bit early to me, but hey, at least these are not Thanksgiving turkeys or Christmas decorations yet (even though some shops are probably thinking about dusting off some of these too).
So I decided to get on this train as well, and this week post will be not really a recipe (even though it has big deal to do with food), but rather a food decoration how-to.
This is a first one for me, so I hope you like it. Any kind of deviled eggs will look good with these spiders on, however choose these which also taste good with olives you are going to use.


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This page has been archived and is being provided for reference purposes only. The page is no longer being updated, and therefore, links on the page may be invalid.
New Soil Moisture Sensors Assessed
By Don ComisFebruary 23, 2007
Five years of trials around the world have conclusively shown the strengths and weaknesses of commercial soil moisture sensors used for irrigation.
Steven R. Evett, a soil physicist with the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Soil and Water Management Research Unit in Bushland, Texas, and colleagues had a major role in the research, which was sponsored by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the International Atomic Energy Agency.
The Bushland researchers found that only a field-calibrated neutron probe gave consistently accurate soil water content data. Use of the neutron probe is limited to researchers because of cost and regulatory issues related to the radioactive source used to count water's hydrogen atoms.
The study compared the neutron probe with several commercial soil moisture sensing systems, including four based on the electromagnetic properties of soil as influenced by its water content. The study also tested tensiometers and electrical resistance blocks, including gypsum blocks. Tensiometers use vacuum pressure to sense soil water potential, which is related to how difficult it is for plants to take up water from soil.
While most of the devices worked well some of the time, the scientists found that most also performed poorly in some circumstances. In fact, the blocks and tensiometers proved to be the only sensors that could consistently fill the gap for irrigation scheduling while improvements are made in the electromagnetic systems.
Now the researchers have put their results together in a practical guide for irrigators and researchers, to show them which probes work best under different circumstances and how to get the most accuracy out of each probe. It can also be a guide to manufacturers pointing the way to improved sensors that will be practical. The United Nations will publish the guide.
Evett will present his findings at a conference in Honolulu on March 19-21, which ARS is co-sponsoring with the University of Hawaii. Attendees will include major agricultural sensor manufacturers. The numerous publications resulting from this work include a paper Evett will present at the Central Plains Irrigation Conference set for Feb. 27-28 in Kearney, Neb.
ARS is the U.S. Department of Agriculture's chief scientific research agency.


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Obama's refusal to deport illegal aliens unconstitutional, say law professors
"It's the duties of the president. He must always uphold the law."
– John Yoo, Berkeley law professor and former State Department attorney
Fox News
Obama's refusal to deport illegal aliens unconstitutional, say law professors
Two law professors, including one who served in the Bush Justice Department, have published a paper charging that President Obama violated the Constitution with his directive to law enforcement not to deport illegal aliens.
In the paper entitled, "The Obama Administration, the Dream Act and the Take Care Clause," authors Robert Delahunty of the University of St. Thomas [Minnesota] and John Yoo, a law professor at University of California at Berkeley and former U.S. deputy assistant attorney general, blast Obama's moratorium on deporting certain illegal immigrants. The professors dismissed the idea that the decision on whether to deport illegal immigrants who are arrested for minor infractions is a matter of prosecutorial discretion.
"If there's one case and it's left to the prosecutor well that's fine, but what Obama did was take a million cases and leave it up to prosecutorial discretion, "John Yoo said to FoxNews.com. "The only reason it's under [Department of Homeland Security Secretary] Janet Napolitano's discretion is because Obama had made his decision. If she's doing it under her own, she would have to be fired."
An abstract for the paper debunks the claim that the president has the Constitutional to not enforce civil laws crafted and passed by Congress.
"It's the duty of the president. He must always uphold the law," Yoo said, adding that the only exceptions in doing so are if laws are unconstitutional or if prosecuting them can be reasonably deemed not viable.
Officials from the White House declined to comment on the paper, referring FoxNews.com to DHS.
"The authority of the Secretary of Homeland Security to exercise prosecutorial discretion, including by granting deferred action, has long been established and has been recognized by the Supreme Court," said DHS spokesman Peter Boogaard. "This authority was reaffirmed by the Supreme Court just this year [Arizona v. United States (2012)]."
"That said, DHS's deferred action for childhood arrivals process is only a temporary measure that does not provide a path to citizenship; Congress must still act to provide a permanent solution to fix the broken immigration system. Until Congress acts, DHS is dedicated to implementing smart, effective reforms to the immigration system that allow it to focus its resources on common sense enforcement priorities, including criminals and other public safety threats."
In June, President Obama announced that the deporting of young, undocumented immigrants who match criteria from already-proposed DREAM Act lesgilastion would end under his administration's watch. The effect was to put in place most of the measures in the act, but by administrative order, not through the legislative process. In August, a group of federal agents filed a lawsuit against DHS secretary Janet Napolitano, claiming that the new directive forces them to break the law.
Under the DREAM Act, illegal aliens who are eligible beneficiaries would not have faced deportation as long as they meet the following criteria:
Proof of having arrived in the United States before age 16.
Proof of residence in the United States for at least five consecutive years since their arrival date.
Register with the Selective Service if they are male.
Be between the ages of 12 and 35 at the time that the bill was enacted.
Obtained a high school diploma of GED, or admitted to an institution of higher education.
Be of good moral character.
Opponents of the DREAM Act, which still has not been passed in Congress, say that it – as well as Obama's order, encourages illegal immigration while adding economic and social burdens to the United States.
Sen. Marco Rubio (R-Fla.), who was a key backer of the DREAM Act, blasted the president's preemption of the in June, when DHS announced policies on immigration enforcement that.
"There is broad support for the idea that we should figure out a way to help kids who are undocumented through no fault of their own, but there is also broad consensus that it should be done in a way that does not encourage illegal immigration in the future. This is a difficult balance to strike, one that this new policy, imposed by executive order, will make harder to achieve in the long run."
"…by once again ignoring the Constitution and going around Congress, this short term policy will make it harder to find a balanced and responsible long term one."


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Accurate No 5 Smokeless Powder (1 Lb)
by WESTERN & ACCURATE POWDER
Accurate No 5 powder for sale in stock is a fast burning, double-base, spherical handgun propellant. This powder is extremely versatile and can be used in many handgun calibers. No. 5 offers a wide performance range from target and Cowboy Action applications to full power defense loads. This powder meters well and strikes a good balance between ballistics and cost efficiency. Made in the USA


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Every office needs an assortment of self inking medical stamps to make communication more efficient. This self inking office stamp features the phrase "Worker's Comp", and does not require the use of a separate stamp pad. The size of the Self Inking Worker's Comp Rubber Stamp is approximately 7/8" x 2-1/4". The actual imprint style is displayed above. This Self Inking Worker's Comp Rubber Stamp is available in 12 exciting colors to choose from
"Great service. I received the electronic stamp within 24 hours of purchase. Very pleased with purchase." Rob - Jonesborough TN


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Please allow 1-2 cm differences due to manual measurement. Description: 16X32 FT Swimming Pool Cover W/Center Step Made of high quality PP material, this high-grade pool cover is soft and has strong coverage with good toughness and abrasion resistance.
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A great choice and better protection for your swimming pool! If you are a inground poo. 16X32 FT Rectangular Safety Pool Cover Inground Swimming Pool Cover Green.
Winter Safety Cover Inground Swimming Pool Cover Rectangle Center Step 16X32 FT. 16X32 FT Swimming Pool Cover W/Center Step.
Made of high quality PP material, this high-grade pool cover is soft and has strong coverage with good toughness and abrasion resistance. If you are a inground pool owner, you should take more attention to prepare a safety cover perfectly fit your pool, because the underground pool is more accessible for children. Pool safety cover's exclusive mesh lets water through while providing 95% shade to significantly reduce algae growth. Tight mesh keeps out silt and debris, thick snow, withered leaf, ect. It provides protection against damage caused by pool water.
With this cover, you don't need to take weeks and cost hundreds of dollars to get your pools clean and clear enough to swim in. Safety covers for swimming pools is so lightweight, putting it on and taking it off your pool for customers is a snap.Can be folded for easy placement without taking up space. Eco-friendly materials are poison-less and harmless for the environment. Material of accessories: Brass and Stainless Steel. Type: Good quality safety pool cover. Swimming Pool Cover size:16x32ft.
Center step size:4X8 ft. Package Size(LxW): About :565428cm(2221.311).
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23.8 kg (52.4 lb). This item is in the category "Home & Garden\Yard, Garden & Outdoor Living\Pools & Spas\Swimming Pools\Above-Ground Pools". The seller is "prteerl" and is located in this country: US. This item can be shipped to United States.


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Following the launch of their groundbreaking new ID Series of innovative programmable amplifiers, Blackstar are introducing two new, smaller Wattage models-ID:15 and ID:30.
In the five years since its launch, Blackstar has led the way in the innovation of guitar amplification. The ID Series represents the culmination of more than seven years technical research and development. These amps have an intuitive control set like a traditional amp, but have the versatility of programmability. The unique controls allow guitarists to custom design their own sound, store it and then have the confidence that the amp will perform in a live environment.
The ID:15 and ID:30 boast many of the same unique features and functionality as the larger ID models but in a compact combo format.
Blackstar's patent-applied-for True Valve Power offers six distinctly different power valve responses - EL84, 6V6, EL34, KT66, 6L6, KT88. When engaged it delivers the response, dynamics, sag and break up characteristics of a valve amp and uniquely delivers the same acoustic power output as an equivalent valve power amp. This means that for the first time ever, in an affordable series of amplifiers, these products deliver live without compromise - True Valve Power means Loud as valveTM.
The Voice control has six different channels - Clean Warm, Clean Bright, Crunch, Super Crunch, OD 1, OD 2. When used together with Blackstar's patented ISF control you can get the exact tone you're thinking of.
The effects section delivers studio quality modulation, delay and reverb effects simultaneously that you can store with your sound.
Deep editing and storing of patches is simple using the free Blackstar Insider GUI software. Patches can be shared, uploaded and downloaded via the online community. The USB connector also allows you to record your amp directly to your computer.
An emulated output, MP3/line input and footswitching complete the package.
By using the unique Voice control, the patented ISF and patent-applied-for True Valve Power, these amplifiers allow unparalleled flexibility and ease of use, enabling you to in effect, design the sound in your head and deliver it live as Loud as valveTM. Individuality is power!
- Programmable combos
- True Valve Power - LOUD as ValveTM
- Voice - select from 6 classic channels (EL84, 6V6, EL34, KT66, 6L6, KT88)
- EQ with patented ISF
- 128 user storable patches
- USB connectivity - easily edit and record
- Free Insider software for deep editing
- Built-in tuner
- Revolutionary tone
Information taken from official press release, for more visit Blackstar Amplification
Submit a press release: email email@example.com
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Hands up if you have ever suffered with pain or discomfort in the wrist and hand areas when cycling.
Money is a huge obstacle for people wanting to tour.
The problem with starting a blog about biking the world half a year before you actually begin biking the world is that there's not a whole lot to write about until you actually set off.
Fall represents a return to "the grind" after a summer of relaxation and lazy days.


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Jason Aldean Gives First On-Camera Interview About Route 91 Shooting
Jason Aldean talked for the first time on camera about what exactly happened on stage the night of the Oct. 1 mass shooting in Las Vegas at the Route 91 Harvest Festival.
As he told Today in a sneak peek of an interview airing Tuesday (Nov. 14): "We wear in-ear monitors when we're on stage. And really all you can hear is the music, and maybe your guys that can talk to you on microphones that are on side-stage or whatever".
"So when it first happened, I thought a speaker had blown," he notes. "It just sounded like a crackling something. And so, I'm kind of looking around like, 'What is that?' Trying to figure out what it is. Then it stopped, so I was like, 'All right, they must have got it fixed,' so I kept doing my thing."
Aldean quickly noticed that the sound returned. "It lasted longer the second time," he says. "I was actually kind of getting aggravated, so I looked over at the monitor guy on the side of the stage, as if to say, 'What is that? Fix it.' So when I turned and looked, my guitar player had run behind me and was telling me to move, like, 'Let's go,' and my security guy was running on stage, telling me to run."
The superstar has since supported victims of the tragedy in various ways, with the latest being his appearance at Nov. 12's Country Rising concert in Nashville.
Aldean is expecting his first child with wife Brittany — his first son after two girls — in December. They'll name him Memphis, honoring the superstar's love of Elvis Presley.
The Coolest Baby Names in Country Music


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