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Is glaucoma a brain disease? Scientists find that jigsaw effect in glaucoma patients proves it is
- Date:
- June 5, 2014
- Source:
- Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)
- Summary:
- The brain, not the eye, controls the cellular process that leads to glaucoma, a new study finds. The results may help develop treatments for one of the world's leading causes of irreversible blindness, as well as contribute to the development of future therapies for preserving brain function in other age-related disorders such as Alzheimer's.
- Share:
Findings from a new study published in Translational Vision Science & Technology (TVST) show the brain, not the eye, controls the cellular process that leads to glaucoma. The results may help develop treatments for one of the world's leading causes of irreversible blindness, as well as contribute to the development of future therapies for preserving brain function in other age-related disorders such as Alzheimer's.
In the TVST paper, "Refined Data Analysis Provides Clinical Evidence for Central Nervous System Control of Chronic Glaucomatous Neurodegeneration," vision scientists and ophthalmologists describe how they performed a data and symmetry analysis of 47 patients with moderate to severe glaucoma in both eyes. In glaucoma, the loss of vision in each eye appears to be haphazard. Conversely, neural damage within the brain caused by strokes or tumors produces visual field loss that is almost identical for each eye, supporting the idea that the entire degenerative process in glaucoma must occur at random in the individual eye -- without brain involvement.
However, the team of investigators discovered during their analysis that as previously disabled optic nerve axons -- that can lead to vision loss -- recover, the remaining areas of permanent visual loss in one eye coincide with the areas that can still see in the other eye. The team found that the visual field of the two eyes fit together like a jigsaw puzzle, resulting in much better vision with both eyes open than could possibly arise by chance.
"As age and other insults to ocular health take their toll on each eye, discrete bundles of the small axons within the larger optic nerve are sacrificed so the rest of the axons can continue to carry sight information to the brain," explains author William Eric Sponsel, MD, of the University of Texas at San Antonio, Department of Biomedical Engineering. "This quiet intentional sacrifice of some wires to save the rest, when there are decreasing resources to support them all (called apoptosis), is analogous to pruning some of the limbs on a stressed fruit tree so the other branches can continue to bear healthy fruit."
According to the researchers, the cellular process used for pruning small optic nerve axons in glaucoma is "remarkably similar to the apoptotic mechanism that operates in the brains of people afflicted with Alzheimer's disease."
"The extent and statistical strength of the jigsaw effect in conserving the binocular visual field among the clinical population turned out to be remarkably strong," said Sponsel. "The entire phenomenon appears to be under the meticulous control of the brain."
The TVST paper is the first evidence in humans that the brain plays a part in pruning optic nerve axon cells. In a previous study, "Failure of Axonal Transport Induces a Spatially Coincident Increase in Astrocyte BDNF Prior to Synapse Loss in a Central Target," a mouse model suggested the possibility that following injury to the optic nerve cells in the eye, the brain controlled a pruning of those cells at its end of the nerve. This ultimately caused the injured cells to die.
"Our basic science work has demonstrated that axons undergo functional deficits in transport at central brain sites well before any structural loss of axons," said David J. Calkins, PhD, of the Vanderbilt Eye Institute and author of the previous study. "Indeed, we found no evidence of actual pruning of axon synapses until much, much later. Similarly, projection neurons in the brain persisted much longer, as well."
"This is consistent with the partial recovery of more diffuse overlapping visual field defects observed by Dr. Sponsel that helped unmask the more permanent interlocking jigsaw patterns once the eyes of his severely affected patients had been surgically stabilized," said Calkins.
Sponsel has already seen how these findings have positively affected surgically stabilized patients who were previously worried about going blind. "When shown the complementarity of their isolated right and left eye visual fields, they become far less perplexed and more reassured," he said. "It would be relatively straightforward to modify existing equipment to allow for the performance of simultaneous binocular visual fields in addition to standard right eye and left eye testing.
Authors of the TVST paper suggest their findings can assist in future research with cellular processes similar to the one used for pruning small optic nerve axons in glaucoma, such as occurs in the brains of individuals affected by Alzheimer's.
"If the brain is actively trying to maintain the best binocular field, and not just producing the jigsaw effect accidentally, that would imply some neuro-protective substance is at work preventing unwanted pruning," said co-author of the TVST paper Ted Maddess, PhD, of the ARC Centre of Excellence in Vision Science, Australian National University. "Since glaucoma has much in common with other important neurodegenerative disorders, our research may say something generally about connections of other nerves within the brain and what controls their maintenance."
Story Source:
Materials provided by Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO). Note: Content may be edited for style and length.
Journal Reference:
- William E. Sponsel, Sylvia L. Groth, Nancy Satsangi, Ted Maddess, Matthew A. Reilly. Refined Data Analysis Provides Clinical Evidence for Central Nervous System Control of Chronic Glaucomatous Neurodegeneration. Translational Vision Science & Technology, 2014; 3 (3): 1 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.3.3.1
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For the second half of my mother's birthday weekend we hosted a small pizza party. I've already detailed the entire process involved in the making of my Ultimate Pizza (CLICK HERE for the index page). This party was merely a refinement of the process, but one which succeeded in taking the art to even higher levels.
This whole format makes a really great party. Newcomers don't know what to make of it because pizzas come off the line slowly at first, in series, and everyone grabs a slice. No one sits down, but instead hovers around the kitchen island participating in the three hour frenzy of pizza making. Very fun and interactive.
First off the presses is this completely basic tomato and mutz pizza for my two-year old. He doesn't appreciate complexity yet, although I have progressed him from generic orange cheddar to 2-3 year aged special reserve cheddar, which he is now very fond of :-).
Opening with some whites: a nice champagne, and a very nice riesling.
"The 2000 Brut Millesime Cuvee Speciale comes across as excessively heavy and almost sweet in its ripe fruit. Something is not quite right about the balance here. Disgorged: December, 2006. Anticipated maturity: 2009-2011."
Parker gives this riesling 91 points, "An almost confectionary sense of sweetness and ripeness pervades the Prum 2009 Wehlener Sonnenuhr Spatlese, making it something of an exception in a vintage collection generally noteworthy for the restraint of residual sugar. Apple candy, caramel, and vanilla mingle on a creamy palate, with hints of salt, stone, and apple pit happily offering some counterpoint in a long and otherwise soothing finish. This showed more grip as it opened, and perhaps time will lend more cut and complexity to a Spatlese that on the basis of track record is likely to thrive for another quarter century or more. Incidentally, this represents the first of three lots of "regular" Wehlener Sonnenuhr Spatlese, the last of which was still in tank in September."
And the first red. Parker 93, "Super-ripe aromas of cookie dough, spices, and black cherry syrup can be found in the nose of the medium-bodied 2002 Nuits-St.-Georges Les Pruliers. Its fabulously satiny texture, concentration, and purity are immensely impressive. This medium-bodied wine coats the palate with innumerable black fruits, minerals, and spices. Projected maturity: 2008-2018."
Here is the evolution of my wife's favorite pizza. Fresh tomato sauce (HERE for details and recipe), black mission figs, corn, mushrooms, roma tomatoes, and marcona almonds.
This is actually the second pizza of the night, as I had made my creme fraiche salmon pizza, but I forgot to get a photo. Fortunately, details can be FOUND HERE.
Cheese: mozzarella, parmesan, pecorino.
And then out of the oven. This time around I was trying to concentrate on slightly less irregular shapes, with some success. I have not mastered the art of "spinning" the pizza to get it very round, and the soft "00" based dough makes them very fragile.
This pizza employed a base of my special herb oil (detailed HERE at the end of this post). Then pesto (RECIPE HERE), steamed asparagus, almonds, tomato, various cheeses (including Bucheron), mushrooms, basil.
Out of the oven.
Caramelized onions, gorgonzola, figs.
Dressed with balsamic glaze. A very yummy sweet and salty pizza.
Besides all this pizza there was also a very yummy salad my mom made, with micro greens, granny smith apples, and a fresh homemade meyer lemon vinaigrette. I unfortunately forgot to take a photo, must have been running to the oven and back.
Here is a new one. One of my friends brought two new cheeses, a 5 year old aged Gouda and a 7 year old cheddar. Both cheeses were used here, along with breadcrumbs. This made fore a very yummy crunchy pizza, not unlike cheesy garlic toast.
My mother likes her pizzas fairly simple and veggie. This has classic tomato and mutz, plus mushrooms, basil, and julienned zucchini. I got to practice my knife skills with the julienne. She did throw a bit of the aged Gouda on.
It looks pretty different out of the oven, but it sure tasted great. The Gouda turned out to be a great sophisticated pizza cheese and melted here with the parm and mutz into a really great cheesy mess like on a good New Jersey style pie.
Gelsons was out of the Tikka Masala Sauce I used on New Years (HERE FOR DETAILS), but I bought a "coconut curry" sauce by the same company. It's arrayed here with mutz blocks, corn, chaneterelle mushrooms, basil, red onion and bucheron.
I finished it with cilantro pesto (we had two different kinds of pesto this time around, DETAILS HERE). The purpose of the cilantro pesto was to mirror the finishing of a curry dish with a handfull of coriander (cilantro) leaves. The net affect on this pizza was less in your face than the Tikka Masala, but still very Indian, like Naan bread dipped in curry. Yum!
Pounding through the wines, had to crack a pair of brunellos.
Parker 91, "The 2004 Brunello di Montalcino is a fresh, vibrant offering bursting with dark cherries, violets, underbrush, minerals and sweet toasted oak on a medium-bodied frame. The wine reveals terrific balance in an energetic, focused style, with firm yet ripe tannins. The finish is long, clean and refreshing. This is a gorgeous effort from Loacker. Anticipated maturity: 2011-2019."
Parker 93, "The stunning, single vineyard 1997 Brunello di Montalcino Montosoli, exhibits more new oak than its sibling, as well as more power, concentration, alcohol, and extract. A deep garnet color accompanies huge, sweet aromas of roasted herbs, red and black currants, cherries, earth, incense, tobacco, and soy. This is a wine to lay away for 5-6 years. This chewy, full-bodied, spectacular Brunello will be at its finest between 2010-2022."
This was a great pizza made by a newcomer to our culinary circle. Pesto, red onion, bucheron, herb oil, some various cheeses, and I think a bit of acacia honey.
I sold her on finishing it with Burrata (details on my favorite fresh cheese HERE), and then single vineyard olive oil and balsamic must. It was REALLY good.
This puppy, also by a newcomer, used a sauce base of both the crushed tomato sauce and homemade romesco (I had made it two days before for my special eggs, DETAILS AND RECIPE HERE). We also used both the aged cheeses, and some good aged parm.
Also a very yummy pizza, with the romesco lending an extra bit of tanginess to the sauce.
Another newbie with this novel shaped pizza. Basic stuffs, a lot of basil, lots of cheeses and onion.
Out of the oven.
Scott, one of my most regular partners in pizza crime, tried to make this "mexican pizza." The sauce is actually salsa, not regular tomato. Then corn of course, various cheeses, tomato, red peppers, and some sliced jalepeno I think.
Finished with burrata and cilantro. We wanted to use avocado too, but our farmer's market avocados were hard as rocks, they needed another week or two to ripen.
My mother liked her basic veggie so much (as did many others) that she whipped up another one.
This is a highly experimental pizza. It used a port wine cheese and aged gouda, along with chopped farmer's market dates, and even some splashes of the currently open wine (either a brunello or a very good cote de rhone — below).
Then it was finished with fig jam (not shown). This made it a very interesting sweet pizza, even if the color was a putrescent pink.
I decided to experiment with my own caramelized onion based pizza. I added Bucheron, sharp cheddar, marcona almonds, cherry compote, and a bit of harrisa.
After cooking.
Dressed with burrata and balsamic glaze. This was not my most successful combo, and I think the problem was the cheddar. It added a tangy sharpness that just didn't work.
This used romesco alone as the sauce, along with all sorts of vegetables, figs and cheeses, including bucheron.
Finished with burrata and balsamic and olive oil. Yum!
More wine. Parker 90, "The 2006 Fonsalette Cotes du Rhone exhibits meaty, herbal, tapenade, pepper, animal fur, and damp earth-like notes. It is soft, round, lush, and best consumed over the next 10+ years."
For a finale Mirella, another regular and adventurous pizza chef, concocted this baby. The sauce is a mix of Moroccan Harissa and caramelized onions! Aged cheeses, onions, sliced garlic, and gorgonzola dolce.
Cheesy, spicy, sweet, this was a delicious finisher.
But we weren't done drinking. Parker 97, "The 2004 Reserva, according to Remirez is "a great vintage, a lot of nerve, like 1994, that needed a long aging period". Opaque purple in color, it offers up a splendid bouquet of sandalwood, incense, Asian spices, balsamic, and black cherry. Layered, opulent, and impeccably balanced, it is a monumental effort."
My mom's birthday cake, yes she is one year younger than my toddler.
And after that cheese bomb of a meal, nothing like a little gelato/sorbetto to polish off the palette. We experimented with this gourmet store brand, Talenti. Pistachio, Lemon, Raspberry, Double Chocolate, and Blood Orange. For store bought ice creams these were very good, but it still doesn't hold a candle to what you get at a good gelateria. Sigh. All were good, personally I thought the blood orange was the best.
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Shadow Divers: The True Adventure of Two Americans Who Risked Everything to Solve One of the Last Mysteries of World War II (Paperback)
On Our Shelves Now
Staff Reviews
Shadow Divers is a great read. If you like John Krakauer, you will love this adventure under the oceans. Harrowing, fascinating, nail biting, exciting. A great adventure book that includes some history amid an epic story.
— MaeDescription
New York Times Bestseller
In the tradition of Jon Krakauer's Into Thin Air and Sebastian Junger's The Perfect Storm comes a true tale of riveting adventure in which two weekend scuba divers risk everything to solve a great historical mystery–and make history themselves.
For John Chatterton and Richie Kohler, deep wreck diving was more than a sport. Testing themselves against treacherous currents, braving depths that induced hallucinatory effects, navigating through wreckage as perilous as a minefield, they pushed themselves to their limits and beyond, brushing against death more than once in the rusting hulks of sunken ships.
But in the fall of 1991, not even these courageous divers were prepared for what they found 230 feet below the surface, in the frigid Atlantic waters sixty miles off the coast of New Jersey: a World War II German U-boat, its ruined interior a macabre wasteland of twisted metal, tangled wires, and human bones–all buried under decades of accumulated sediment.
No identifying marks were visible on the submarine or the few artifacts brought to the surface. No historian, expert, or government had a clue as to which U-boat the men had found. In fact, the official records all agreed that there simply could not be a sunken U-boat and crew at that location.
Over the next six years, an elite team of divers embarked on a quest to solve the mystery. Some of them would not live to see its end. Chatterton and Kohler, at first bitter rivals, would be drawn into a friendship that deepened to an almost mystical sense of brotherhood with each other and with the drowned U-boat sailors–former enemies of their country. As the men's marriages frayed under the pressure of a shared obsession, their dives grew more daring, and each realized that he was hunting more than the identities of a lost U-boat and its nameless crew.
Author Robert Kurson's account of this quest is at once thrilling and emotionally complex, and it is written with a vivid sense of what divers actually experience when they meet the dangers of the ocean's underworld. The story of Shadow Divers often seems too amazing to be true, but it all happened, two hundred thirty feet down, in the deep blue sea.
About the Author
Robert Kurson earned a bachelor's degree in philosophy from the University of Wisconsin and a law degree from Harvard Law School. His award-winning stories have appeared in The New York Times Magazine, Rolling Stone, and Esquire, where he was a contributing editor. He is the New York Times bestselling author of Shadow Divers, the 2005 American Booksellers Association's nonfiction Book Sense Book of the Year; Crashing Through, based on Kurson's 2006 National Magazine Award–winning profile in Esquire of the blind speed skier, CIA analyst, and entrepreneur Mike May; and Pirate Hunters. He lives in Chicago.
Praise For…
"An engrossing saga of the suspenseful, intriguing, and dangerous underwater investigation of a Mystery U-boat."
"Robert Kurson's Shadow Divers, about the divers exploring a sunken shipwreck off the New Jersey coast, is a gripping account of real-life adventurers and a real-life mystery. In addition to being compellingly readable on every page, the book offers a unique window on the deep, almost reckless nature of the human quest to know."
–SCOTT TUROW, author of Reversible Errors
"A tremendously suspenseful story of discovery that comes as close as any book could to providing the reader with approximate sensations of deep sea diving and of life on a submarine at war, and that leaves us with a hell of an impression of the grit, guts, and compassion of a U-boat crew and the two American divers who risked everything to solve the mystery of their last mission."
–JOHN MCCAIN, author of Faith of My Fathers and Why Courage Matters
"Robert Kurson's status as an undiscovered pleasure among Chicago readers is about to change, I suspect, in a hurry. Shadow Divers is so culturally astute and terrifyingly suspenseful that it should reach the sort of audience John Berendt, Susan Orlean, Jon Krakauer and Laura Hillenbrand have recently earned. Kurson's new focus is the larger historical world--a world of U-Boats, forensics and lung-crushing pressure--and his prose is, as always, plain gorgeous."
–JAMES MCMANUS, author of Positively Fifth Street
"A winning tale exceedingly well told, Shadow Divers takes us on a dangerous and seemingly quixotic descent into the murk–and then, in a fog of nitrogen narcosis, brings us back to the surface with a richer, fuller fathoming of a history we only thought we knew."
–HAMPTON SIDES, author of Ghost Soldiers: The Epic Account of World War II's Greatest Rescue Mission


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During an open forum Thursday night, a candidate seeking a city council seat in Marysville, Michigan said she hopes to keep the town "a white community as much as possible."
The comment was delivered by Jean Cramer, one of five candidates running for three open city council seats, in response to a question about attracting foreign-born citizens to Marysville, according to the Times-Herald. A local radio station, WPHM, recorded Cramer's comments.
When the newspaper asked Cramer if she wanted to clarify her racist statement, she claimed she "wasn't against blacks," but that she felt that "(a) husband and wife need to be the same race."
"That's how it's been from the beginning of, how can I say, when God created the heaven and the earth. He created Adam and Eve at the same time," Cramer said, according to the Times-Herald.
The Times-Herald reports Cramer's comment was received with a "brief guffaw" in the room. Other local politicians quickly rebuked Cramer's comments.
"Just checking the calendar here and making sure it's still 2019," fellow city council candidate Mike Deising said, according to the Times-Herald.
Marysville, located about 50 miles north of Detroit, has a population of about 10,000.
Alex Hider is a writer for the E.W. Scripps National Desk. Follow him on Twitter @alexhider.


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Written by Sarah
In my Comic-Con preview, I made a number of predictions. Now that Comic-Con has ended for another year, it's time to run down how those predictions turned out, as well as how the industry fared before the nerd herd.
I said it was "the year of TV" and that Game of Thrones would be a big winner with the crowd. True on both counts. Throughout the convention there was a lot of talk of Hall H, home of the film panels, being half to mostly empty, even for names like Francis Ford Coppola (Lainey: remind me to tell you the Francis Ford Coppola story), while Ballroom 20, where the top TV panels were held, was routinely stuffed to the gills. This has nothing to do with the types of films being presented, but on the overall state of film vs. television. Simply put, TV is better right now. More interesting things are happening on TV and you saw that reflected at Comic-Con.
I was wrong, though, about the TinTin panel tanking. Despite the horror of mocap, with Steven Spielberg and a surprise appearance by Peter Jackson, the nerd herd went nuts. I still think this movie looks like a nightmare, but the Hall H crowd ate it up. The panel that didn't seem to take turned out to be Coppola's Twixt, which my friends B and J described as "weird" and "f*cking nuts", respectively. I was surprised to hear that Joe Cornish's excellent Attack the Block didn't land very well either, since it seems tailor-made for a Comic-Con crowd (aliens invade a housing project in London), but I wasn't shocked at all that John Cusack's Raven, an Edgar Allen Poe murder mystery, didn't score a big win. It's too much of a Sherlock Holmes knock off—audiences aren't completely stupid and they know when they're being pandered to.
In fact, almost all of Friday's Hall H slate was met with a mediocre reception. True Blood and The Walking Dead both had their panels on Friday, and that line for The Walking Dead was CRAZY. Most people spent their day trying to get into Ballroom 20, not Hall H. Even Colin Farrell and Fright Night didn't get a solid win out of their appearance, which solidifies my belief that the vampire thing is pretty well done for in movies, and that zombies were, in fact, the undead Kings of Comic-Con 2011.
Except for the Twihards, who were excited for Breaking Dawn on Thursday. No one else was, as Hall H wasn't full, but the faithful who showed up were treated to two scenes (Jacob being a backstabber and Bella getting ready for her deflowering) which got everyone excited. What got me excited was the enthusiasm for the project. Twilight isn't the best filmmaking around but I've long maintained that with the right (read: campy) attitude, it can be fun. Director Bill Condon seems to have hit that mark and his young cast (Taylor Lautner, Rob Pattinson and Kristen Stewart) was clearly excited about the final installment of the franchise.
My buddy B posited that Andrew Garfield and The Amazing Spider-Man would walk away winners and he was right. The entire Sony panel was well received, including Nicolas Cage's useless Ghost Rider 2 (proves that people do go insane after being enclosed in a static space for too long), the comedy 30 Minutes or Less, and the Total Recall remake. But it was Spider-Man who stole the show, thanks largely to Andrew Garfield's dorky, heartfelt love letter to Spidey and what the character means to him. The new footage caused huge buzz, though, which bodes well for the movie next summer. What doesn't bode well was the contretemps Rhys Ifans had with a security guard backstage. It overshadowed the positive momentum the panel built up and that sucks.
We also got another volley in the "Snow White War", thanks to the Hall H line-up on Saturday. Tarsem Singh, director of Relativity's unnamed Snow White project, was on stage first to present his upcoming Immortals. This movie looks amazingly dumb, but of course footage of a fight scene went over well. Singh proceeded to talk about how he doesn't care about scripts (which explains a lot about his movies), and Kellan Lutz kept calling Poseidon the "god of wetness" which is equal parts hilarious and gross. Following a capacity and enthusiastic crowd for The Knights of Badassdom, Universal took the stage with Snow White and the Huntsman. Since they haven't started filming yet, director Rupert Sanders showed a sizzle reel of commercials he's made for video games like Call of Duty, and a concept video for Snow White. Sanders talked about making a movie the scope of Lord of the Rings and he also showed character art featuring Kristen Stewart dressed in full armor as Snow White, and Charlize Theron wearing what will surely be a popular Halloween costume in 2012 as the Evil Queen. Huntsman was one of the most talked-about panels of the weekend, I think because the concept and character art ended up being so much grittier and darker than anyone expected, and Sanders really talks a good game. We'll see if he can deliver.
Sunday saw the big TV action take over Hall H with Supernatural and It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia throwing down in a major way. But the big Sunday headlines all went to the BBC's Doctor Who which landed with a huge splash. I don't watch this show, but I'm starting to feel like I should be getting caught up. (Lainey: the Dr Who crowd was intense, like massive, massive, massive with the fans, and the American media did not give a sh-t. Where's that disconnect coming from?) Also appearing was Sons of Anarchy, which couldn't retain the large crowd for Sunny. I wonder why they put Sons in Hall H at all. It's never the biggest draw and the panels tend to be interesting but a bit flat in terms of energy. Nathan Fillion, on the other hand, who is a legitimate rockstar to these people, was stuffed in some other room with his panel and an overflow crowd. Next year, trying reversing that, Comic-Con planning people.
So that's it for Comic-Con 2011. Remember though that last year Sucker Punch was a huge hit and it ended up blowing chunks. (Lainey: and Green Lantern too!) Comic-Con isn't always an accurate gauge for success.
Attached – the Walking Dead panel at Comic-Con 2011.
Photos from Frazer Harrison/Gettyimages.com


text:
People at Savannah: Georg C. F. Greve Resume & Skills
Follows Resume & Skills of Georg C. F. Greve <greve>.
More information available on home page:
http://gnuhh.org
Georg Christof Florian Greve
born 10.3.1973 in Helgoland, Germany
June 1992
Abitur at the humanistic Gymnasium Christianeum, Hamburg, Germany
October 1992 - January 2001
Physics-studies at the University of Hamburg, Germany
Diploma thesis: "Systematische Problemanalyse der Bildgebung in der
Rastersondenmikroskopie (SXM) und anwendungsorientierte Analyse der
Anforderungen an die digitale Verarbeitung von SXM-Bildern"
Civil engagement:
March 1992 - March 1999
Technisches Hilfswerk (THW) in Hamburg, Germany
German native speaker.
English near-native speaker.
Travel experience:
Europe and U.S.A (U.S. greencard since 1999)
Professional background:
since 1985
First steps with Schneider CPC 464 in BASIC and Assembler
since 1989
Assembler-programming on ATARI ST
March 1992
Publication of "Drive B Simulator" (written in Assembler on
Atari ST) in TOS Magazine, Germany.
since 1993
C/C++ development on GNU/Linux
May 1996 - October 1998
Development of data-processing software with GUI for MEG data in
C/C++ under GNU/Linux and Solaris at the Physiological Institute,
University Hospital Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Germany
June 1998
GNU Xlogmaster
since 1999
Author of the Brave GNU World, the monthly GNU forum in German,
English, French, Japanese, Spanish and Korean. Published in
Linux-Magazin Germany, Linux-Magazine France, Linux-Magazine U.K. and
Linux-Magazine Korea.
January 2000
Conception & launch of GNU AWACS
June 2000 - January 2001
Employed by ID-PRO, Germany for development of GNU AWACS and work
for the GNU-Project
since March 2001
President of the Free Software Foundation Europe
Computer skills:
Profound knowledge of C/C++ programming, Shellscripting (BASH) and
Unix systems. Has worked on GNU/Linux, Solaris, AIX. Some knowledge
of LISP (EMACS), Perl, SQL, UML, Java, XML, HTML, XHTML. Experienced
at system installation and maintenance.
since 1992
Member of the Hanse e.V., dedicated to the computer literacy of the
since 1999
GNU-Project, European Speaker
since 2001
Free Software Foundation Europe, Initiator & President
Publications, Presentations:
December 1998
"History and Philosophy of the GNU Project" - speech at the 512-node
GNU/Linux Cluster "CLOWN" in Paderborn, Germany
since 1999
Monthly issues of Georg's Brave GNU World in English, German,
French, Spanish, Japanese and Korean. Printed in various magazines
and mirrored in several places throughout the web
February 2000
"Practical aspects of the GNU Project" - speech at the Linux Expo &
Linux World in Paris, France
January 2001
Interdisciplinary Physics diploma thesis with Computer Science in
the SXM/nanoscience area; title: "Systematische Problemanalyse der
Bildgebung in der Rastersondenmikroskopie (SXM) und
anwendungsorientierte Analyse der Anforderungen an die digitale
Verarbeitung von SXM-Bildern"
Various speeches at conferences like "Systems" 1999 & 2000 or LinuxTag
Current projects:
Organizator of the Free Software Foundation Europe, the acknowledged
sister-organization of the FSF founded by Richard M. Stallman in 1984.
The software-projects GNU AWACS and MIOM.
Personal interests:
Sport: asian martial arts since 1983. Practicioner of Aikido since 1999.
Hobbies: reading, arts, cooking, motorcycle-riding
No skill inventory set up
Powered by Savane 3.13-3736.
Corresponding source code


text:
We think you're going to like this.
We have a snazzy new site -- and the book is out.
Come see what's new and get a look at the new book, as well as 100 coneys in 100 days, a forum to settle those American vs. Lafayette and Detroit vs. Flint disputes. It's all at coneydetroit.com.


text:
The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) invites all interested stakeholders to register for its two-day Personnel Certification Accreditation Workshop—with multiple dates available in 2016. The next course will take place on June 23-24, and all sessions will be held at ANSI headquarters in Washington D.C.
The workshop is designed to introduce interested stakeholders to the international standard ANSI/ISO/IEC 17024 — General requirements for bodies operating certification schemes for persons. Discussions will focus on building an understanding of the standard's requirements, its benefits, and why it has become the benchmark for personnel certification. The sessions are intended for all organizations considering accreditation by ANSI to ISO/IEC 17024, an international standard increasingly recognized by the U.S. government, the certification industry, and employers.
The course will also be held on the following dates from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., at ANSI headquarters:
Attendees will learn from recognized experts about the requirements in the latest 2012 edition of /ISO/IEC 17024. Registrants will participate in presentations, small group discussions, and exercises to get a better understanding of what ANSI expects organizations to provide as demonstration of compliance to each of the requirements. In addition, attendees will be able to self-assess their own operations, and identify areas needing improvement prior to applying for ANSI accreditation.
For more information on eligibility, class scheduling, or to register, click here or contact Dr. Vijay Krishna, director of personnel certification accreditation, at [email protected].


text:
stock birds and some race birds for sale.
grizzle cock ihu 10, black cock ihu 10 and black hen ihu 11, 2 white grizzle hens ihu 10, beautiful ashe cock gb 08, 2 vandenbeele blue cocks, there is 4 more cocks and hens . need to cut numbers, will do deal on 4 or more birds. can arrange to bring birds to dublin only haif hour drive away.
des 0878201516


text:
Oriental Food on Lee Drive in Baton Rouge, La |
Stop number one took me to a store that is aptly named Oriental Food. One great thing about exploring the underbelly of Baton Rouge is that this city really offers an outstanding collection of specialty stores from various ethnic and national cuisines. Oriental Food is actually owned by a Korean family so their selection of sauces and authentic spices was pretty impressive. After a few recommendations from the owner, I left Oriental Food with some Korean soy sauce, sesame oil, a couple Asian pears, and some kimchi. More on that later.
Oriental Food's Selection of Sauces |
Ingredients used in the Korean BBQ Marinade |
When I got home I created my marinade. After reading several different galbi recipes I took a stab at making my own sauce in which to soak the meat. I first collected all the ingredients that I needed. I used the soy sauce, sesame oil, and Korean pear that I got at Oriental Food. Added to those items were some garlic, brown sugar, onion, and black pepper. I finely chopped up most of the onion, the whole pear, and about 2/3 of the garlic bulb and added that mixture to a blend of the other ingredients. After combining everything together, I poured the marinade over the beef.
Jay Ducote places the meat on the Monstrosity |
Fresh beef on the hot grill |
Korean-style beef spare ribs |
Korean Kimchi |
Korean galbi and kimchi on a leaf of lettuce |


text:
Discipline -
Stages of Classroom Discipline
Discipline -
Four Steps for Better Classroom Management
Discipline -
Techniques that Backfire
Discipline -
Proactive Discipline
Discipline -
Techniques for Improving Classroom Discipline
Techniques That Backfire," "Four Stages of
Discipline," and "Four Steps for Classroom Discipline."
Mac's Behavior Management Site
Offers many good tips on controlling unruly
Without Stress
Provides strategies for classroom management,
professional development opportunities, and free resources.
Tools for Teaching
A wealth of information on behavior, time
management, etc..
You Can Handle
Them All
Techniques to handle 117 types of behaviors
and home and school.
Practical Classroom Tips from Teachers Like You
Here are some techniques educators are using
to achieve balance.
Effective Classroom Management and Instruction: An Exploration of
Models. Executive Summary of Final Report.
A summary is presented of the final report,
"Effective Classroom Management and Instruction: An Exploration of
The Disruptive Student and the Teacher. NEA Professional Studies Series.
Methods are described for the classroom
management of disruptive children
Schoolwide and Classroom Discipline
This report offers a synthesis of findings
from research studies which have identified effective classroom- and
school-level disciplinary practices
Classroom Management Strategies From Teachers Helping Teachers
Several ideas for effective classroom
Management from NEA
A collection of articles and tips from the
Works For Me Tips Library Classroom Management
A collection of tips for effective classroom
management from the NEA
Eight Secrets of Class Design
Tips for designing your classroom from a management point.
Stepping Out
Lesson plans to teach behavior modification
Classroom Management Chatboard at Teachers.net
A place to share ideas about classroom
managment with fellow educators.


text:
A Shameless Attempt to Raise More Funds...
For just a little bit, the short story collection WOMEN AND MONSTERS is only 99 cents on Kindle.
I know you probably already have a copy, but I thought with the current arrival of Hercules in theaters, you might want to hear about the time his wife killed him, from her point of view.
Also, I'm raising funds for a thing. I expect a Kickstarter might even appear, if I can't raise enough funds with this little promotion (which is likely!)
(Re: Kickstarter - if a potato salad can make a fortune, I might be able to do something fun, too.)


text:
Explore your favourite cities, get away for a weekend or wake up to a delicious breakfast - all available exclusively here.
Sign in now to get special member rates for your room bookings and earn points for future stays.
With special offers in Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia and Philippines – discover Asia like never before.
Experience some of our most enchanting destinations in Europe with over 21 hotels. Find your perfect deal here.
United States
From a Broadway Play and Stay offer to basking in the sunshine of a LA City Break – discover all our US offers here.
New Zealand
There is Something for Everyone in New Zealand , from ski to sun, check out all the fun here.


text:
Why is it that some people just seem to effortlessly climb the career ladder? You know these folks we speak of: They always know how to dazzle during an interview, and they have a knack for nabbing that prime position before it's even posted. What's their secret? According to the authors of Fearless Job Hunting: Powerful Psychological Strategies for Getting the Job You Want, these are people who have mastered the job hunt by not only honing their skills, but also building up the psychological know-how to get through a sometimes soul-crushing process. We tapped two of the book's co-authors—Bill Knaus, a psychologist who specializes in personnel selection, and Russell Grieger, a psychologist and organizational consultant—to find out what makes such so-called fearless job hunters tick. Fearless Trait #1: They Accentuate the Positives It's easy to feel down on yourself after getting rejected for a dream job, either telling yourself that you're a failure or that you don't have what it takes to succeed. According to Grieger, that's because "so many people wrap their self-worth around their careers." There are, however, ways to dig yourself out of that hole of negativity, and approach the process in a more fearless fashion. First, ask yourself whether what you're thinking is logical—and whether it gets you anywhere. Here's a hint: The answer to both should be no! Then flip the script, and tell yourself, "This will be hard, but I can do it," or "I've accomplished a lot in my life, and I'm fully capable of accomplishing this." Even if your career prospects don't pan out, don't accept that as the be-all, end-all. Instead, say to yourself, "If I fail at this, it doesn't mean that my whole life is a failure," or "I have a lot to offer—if this interviewer doesn't appreciate it, someone else will." Finally, give yourself a pep talk by writing down a list of your best qualities as a person, as well as an employee, and then read them aloud. This will help to build up your confidence—and further motivate you during the job hunt.
Fearless Trait #2: They Identify Their Hang-Ups Does job hunting stress you out so much that you keep putting it off? Once you can confront your specific issues head on, you'll put less stress on yourself—fearless job hunter-style. Start by pinpointing what could be the underlying cause (or causes) of your particular hang-up, and then "strip away whatever loadstone you have on your back," says Knaus. For instance, if you're nervous that your resume isn't up to par, ask a mentor to critique it. Or if you're unsure of what to say in an interview, practice with a friend and videotape the session, so you can review it and improve upon your delivery. Fearless Trait #3: They Have Passion—and Purpose There are a lot of different ways to think about work. For some people, it's simply a way to put bread on the table. But fearless job hunters view their 9-to-5 as an expression of their purpose in life. If you've never gotten this existential about your career before, here's a good place to start. Ask yourself what you believe is the real reason for being on this Earth—and what sort of job can help you achieve that goal. Grieger, for example, tells himself that he's here "to help people have happy and prosperous lives," which, in turn, fuels his passion for being a psychologist. When you think about your career in this way, says Grieger, the job search becomes less of a drag and more of an exciting and profoundly satisfying experience. The hunt will no longer be a chore to postpone, but rather an opportunity that you can't wait to take advantage of. Plus, you'll optimize your search by focusing solely on positions that can help you express your purpose. Fearless Trait #4: They "Pressure-Proof" Themselves Successful job seekers are patient, persistent, and, most important, resilient. "They see the job hunt as a process, not an event," says Knaus, adding that they exhibit what Grieger calls "high frustration tolerance." Did bumper-to-bumper traffic make you late for an interview? Or did you spill coffee on your newly pressed button-down right before you met with a recruiter? These types of scenarios are less likely to derail the confidence of a fearless job hunter because they accept—and expect—setbacks. Bottom line, says Grieger, is to acknowledge that you'll make mistakes along the way, and sometimes encounter circumstances that are out of your control. "Don't expect perfection from yourself," he says. "Do the best you can." Fearless Trait #5: They Network, Network, Network "Networking is the most important thing that you can do," says Knaus. "And it's the biggest return for your time." So think about who you know who might be able to give you the inside information on a job opening. When you're assertive and proactive, opportunities are more likely to come your way. This is not a time to be shy—put yourself out there. Fearless Trait #6: They Always Do Their Homework When you're getting ready for an interview, the more background information you have, the less anxious you'll feel. And we're not just talking about checking out your hiring manager's LinkedIn profile. Instead, look into the actual business. "Use the internet to make sure that you have knowledge of the organization," says Knaus. "Write down a few questions to ask the interviewer. And find out the company's main problems." A good place to ferret this out is by reading customer complaints online. "Then suggest ways that you can help solve those problems," adds Knaus. "Or ways that you can add value to the company with your particular skills." Fearless Trait #7: They Convey Confidence—Not Arrogance Yes, you want to tout your skills and achievements, but your approach can mean the difference between coming across as likable or unhirable. So choose your words wisely, and own the motto "show, don't tell," suggests Knaus. So rather than saying, "I'm amazing at increasing profits," use facts to back it up by saying, "Last year I was the leader of a team that boosted profits 40%." And build a rapport with an interviewer by finding common ground before you make it all about you. "If you see that the person has a photo of airplanes on the wall, you might ask, 'Do you fly?'" he says. "Show interest and see if you can get a conversation going." Fearless Trait #8: They Learn From Each Letdown In the job hunt, no one is ever going to bat a thousand. If you didn't get the position that you were positive you were a frontrunner for, assess what might have gone wrong—and see what you can change for the future. "After you leave an interview, you often have 'woulda, coulda, shouldas'—things you know you could have done better," Knaus says. "Look back and recalculate, based on what you learned. See if there are patterns and trends." Maybe you forgot to prepare questions, or you were under- or overqualified for the gig. Perhaps you got nervous and didn't sell yourself as well as you could have, or didn't know how to properly explain a career gap on your resume. If you can identify your weaknesses, you can improve on them—and turn them into strengths for the next round. Source: read://https_www.themuse.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.themuse.com%2Fadvice%2F8-secrets-of-the-worlds-best-job-hunters


text:
Recently, I had the opportunity to integrate some of my Xslt skills into our MSBuild script. As MSBuild is a relatively new technology for me (compared to NAnt) as I ventured into this task I was reminded that there's always more than one way to get the job done. Prior to .NET 4.0, MSBuild didn't natively support Xslt capabilities so the developer community independently produced their own solutions. So far, I've identified the following three implementations:
- MSBuild's XslTransformation Task
- MSBuild Extension Pack's XmlTask
- MSBuild Community Task's Xslt Task
I thought it would be fun to contrast the different implementations.
MSBuild Community Tasks: Xslt
Hosted on tigris.org, the msbuildtasks implementation was the task I ultimately ended up using. Of the three listed, this one seems to be the most feature complete – but working with it is extremely frustrating because there is no online help. Fortunately, there is a help file that ships with the installer that provides decent coverage for the Task (albeit a bit buried).
The interesting feature that sets this Task apart is that it aggregates your xml files into a single in-memory document and performs the transformation once. Keep in mind that this has an impact on how you structure your XPath queries. For example, an expression like count(//element-name) will count all instances in the aggregated contents.
Because it is an aggregator, your xml documents will be loaded as children elements of a root element. As such, you must supply the name for the Root element. If you are only transforming a single file, the root element can be left blank ("").
My only complaint about this implementation is that it only supports writing the transformation to a file. For my purposes, I would have really liked the ability to pipe the output into a Property or ItemGroup. To achieve this, you must read the contents of the file into your script. Not a big deal, just an extra step.
<Project xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003" ToolsVersion="4.0"> <Import Project="$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\MSBuildCommunityTasks\MSBuild.Community.Tasks.Targets" /> <Target Name="Example"> <ItemGroup> <XmlFiles Include="*.xml" /> </ItemGroup> <PropertyGroup> <XslFile>example.xslt</XslFile> </PropertyGroup>  <Xslt Inputs="@(XmlFiles)" Xsl="$(XslFile)" RootTag="Root" Output="xslt-result.html"/>  <ReadLinesFromFile File="xslt-result.html"> <Output TaskParameter="Lines" ItemName="MyOuput"/> </ReadLinesFromFile>  <Message Text="@(MyOutput,'')" /> </Target> </Project>
In reading the help documentation, I noticed that this task will pass the extended meta-data of the Inputs into the document as parameters to the Xslt. This looks interesting and I may want to revisit this in a future post.
MSBuild Extension Pack: XmlTask
I really liked this implementation but unfortunately our build server wasn't using this set of extensions, so I had to retrofit to use the community tasks version.
This task boasts a few interesting features:
- The output of the transformation can write to a file or a property/item.
- Ability to validate the Xml.
- Ability to suppress the Xml declaration (though you can do this in your xslt, see below)
This example is comparable to above but uses the Output element of the Task to route the transformation into an ItemGroup (MyOutput).
<Project xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003" ToolsVersion="4.0"> <Import Project="$(MSBuildExtensions)\ExtensionPack\4.0\MSBuild.ExtensionPack.tasks" /> <Target Name="Example"> <ItemGroup> <XmlFiles Include="*.xml" /> </ItemGroup> <PropertyGroup> <XslFile>example.xslt</XslFile> </PropertyGroup> <MSBuild.ExtensionPack.Xml.XmlTask TaskAction="Transform" XmlFile="%(XmlFiles.Identity)" XslTransformFile="$(XslFile)" > <Output ItemName="MyOutput" TaskParameter="Output" /> </MSBuild.ExtensionPack.Xml.XmlTask> <Message Text="@(MyOutput, '')" /> </Target> </Project>
Note that I can switch between using multiple and a single input files simply by changing the XmlFile attribute from an ItemGroup to a Property. Unlike the Community Tasks implementation, my Xslt stylesheet doesn't need special consideration for an artificial root element which makes the stylesheet shorter to develop and easier to maintain.
MSBuild 4.0: XsltTransformation
Last but not least is the newcomer on the block, MSBuild 4.0's XsltTransformation Task.
This task, to my knowledge, can only write the transformation to a file. If you're only transforming a single file this won't be a problem for you, but if you have multiple files that you want to concatenate into a single output, it'll take some finesse.
I solved this problem by creating a unique output file for each transformation. Aside from some extra files to clean-up, the task worked great.
<Project xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003" ToolsVersion="4.0"> <Target Name="Example"> <ItemGroup> <XmlFiles Include="*.xml" /> </ItemGroup> <PropertyGroup> <XslFile>example.xslt</XslFile> </PropertyGroup>  <XslTransformation OutputPaths="output.%(XmlFiles.FileName).html" XmlInputPaths="%(XmlFiles.Identity)" XslInputPath="$(XslFile)" />  <ReadLinesFromFile File="output.%(XmlFiles.FileName).html"> <Output TaskParameter="Lines" ItemName="MyOutput" /> </ReadLinesFromFile> <Message Text="@(MyOutput, '')" /> </Target> </Project>
This implementation also supports passing parameters, which may come in handy.
Some Xslt Love
And for completeness sake, here's a skeleton Xslt file that supresses the xml-declaration.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0"> <xsl:output method="html" omit-xml-declaration="yes" /> <xsl:template match="/">
your output here
 </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>
So go out there and unleash some Xslt-Fu.


text:
Bachelor of Indigenous Environmental Science and Practice
University of Guelph
Program Summary
- University
- University of Guelph
- Degree
- OUAC Program Code
- Grade Range
- 75 to 80%
- Experiential Learning
- Option coop disponible pour ce programme
- Instruction Language
- English
- English
- Advanced Functions
- Biology
- Chemistry
- 2 additional courses
IB and AP Requirements
Language Requirements
You will be required to present evidence of English proficiency if:
- your primary or first language is not English and
- you have had less than 4 years of full-time secondary school or postsecondary study, demonstrating satisfactory academic progress, in an English-language school system.
- Francophone Canadian citizens educated in Canada will not be required to meet the English-language proficiency requirement.
- You will also be considered as having met the English-language proficiency requirement if you completed the International Baccalaureate diploma where English was the language of instruction.
Integrated Admission Pathway (IAP)
Academically qualified international students who have not yet achieved English-language proficiency may be interested in the Integrated Admission Pathway (IAP). Through IAP you can complete degree-credit courses through the University's Open Learning and Educational Support department and at the same time study English language courses to achieve the Certificate of English proficiency.
The IAP includes a combination of classroom-based and fully online degree course offerings and provides a flexible option for guaranteed admission to select degree programs at the University of Guelph.
More about English-language requirements and IAP.
Acceptable English Proficiency Tests and Scores
Offers of Admission
Offers of Admission
Basic Requirements for Admission: If you have an admission average of 75% or higher, you will be considered for admission to all programs you've applied to at the University of Guelph. Your admission average is calculated using your top six 4U/M courses (or equivalent), including subject requirements. The estimated cut-off admission range varies by program.
Estimated cut-off admission ranges: Estimated cut-off ranges are based on the admission averages from previous years and are provided solely as a point of reference. Exact cut-offs for the current cycle will be determined by the quantity and quality of applications received and the number of spaces available in the program. Co-op averages will often exceed the estimated cut-off ranges. Possession of an admission average within the estimated cut-off range does not guarantee an offer of admission.
Subject requirements: Subject requirements vary by program. Detailed subject requirements.
Student Profile Form (SPF)
We recognize that non-academic factors play an important role in students' lives. If you are a high school applicant, the Student Profile Form (SPF) is your opportunity to tell Admission Services about activities you have been involved in that have helped you develop leadership and citizenship qualities. We will also consider factors beyond your control that have negatively affected your academic performance, such as illness or extenuating circumstances.
If your admission average in May does not meet the cut-off for the program you have applied to, we may consider your SPF if your average falls within a discretionary range of the final cut-off. Submission is optional but strongly encouraged.
Supplementary Information Form for Students with Disabilities
We strive to provide equal opportunity for academically qualified students with disabilities. If you are a high school applicant and feel your admission average does not reflect your true academic ability as a result of a disability, we encourage you to complete the Supplementary Information Form for Students with Disabilities (SIF-D). We take this form into consideration along with academics for applicants whose admission average falls within a discretionary range of the final cut-off.
Both forms become available online in November.
Submission Deadline: March 1, 2024
Rank: If you apply to more than 1 program at the University of Guelph and you have never attended a postsecondary institution, you will be considered for all programs to which you've applied.
If you are a transfer applicant (i.e., have attended any postsecondary institution), and you apply to more than 1 program at the University of Guelph, you can expect to receive only 1 offer of admission from the University. The highest-ranked choice will be considered first. Only if you are not admissible to your highest choice will your next choice be considered. If you want to reorder your U of G program rankings, please amend your application on the OUAC website.
Failed and Repeated Courses
The University of Guelph will use the highest grade reported from a Ministry-approved institution for any repeated courses.
Advanced Placement and International Baccalaureate
International Baccalaureate (IB)
If you are applying with an IB Diploma, you should present a minimum score of 28, although many programs require a higher score for admission consideration. Reported bonus points will be taken into consideration. You should complete the diploma with 6 subjects: 3 Higher Level and 3 Standard Level. You should also include specific subject requirements for the program you are applying to among your Higher and Standard levels. You should ensure that your predicted scores are submitted using the 7-point scale.
Note: Math Studies/Standard Level Applications and Interpretations are not an acceptable prerequisite for programs that require Grade 12 Advanced Functions, Calculus or equivalent.
Ontario high school students registered in an IB program will typically have their IB courses converted into Ontario U- and M-level courses. IB scores will be converted into grades on a percentage scale out of 100 by the applicant's high school. Admission and scholarships will be determined using the conversions as submitted. Upon receipt of official final results from the International Baccalaureate Organization, we will assign specific transfer credits, where applicable, to a maximum of 2.0 credits (4 courses), for grades of 5 or better on Higher Level courses where the applicant has been awarded the IB Diploma or DP Course.
Advanced Placement (AP)
If you completed Advanced Placement Examinations with a minimum grade of 4, you will be eligible to receive university-specific transfer credits (where applicable) to a maximum of 2.0 credits (4 courses), subject to the discretion of the Degree Program Admission Committee. Transfer credit will be assigned once Admission Services receives an official College Board AP exam score report.
Timing and Process for Admission Decisions
If you are currently enrolled full time in high school and you meet the minimum admission requirements, you will be considered for admission on an ongoing basis, beginning January 2024.
Timing of offers (January to end of May) and the grades considered for each round of offers are as follows:
Late January to Late February:
We use the top 6 completed 4U/M (or equivalent) courses, including required subjects. Where not available, we use a combination of the top 6 completed 4U/M and 3U/M courses, including required subjects. If no 4U/M courses are completed, we will use the top five 3U/M courses (including required subjects).
Early March to Mid-April:
We use the top 6 completed 4U/M (or equivalent) courses, including required subjects. Where not available, we use a combination of the top 6 completed or in-progress 4U/M and completed 3U/M courses, including required subjects.
Late April to Mid-May:
We use the top 6 completed or in-progress 4U/M (or equivalent) courses, including required subjects.
Applicants presenting an admission average of 75% and higher will be considered for admission to all programs to which they've applied. Possession of an admission average within the estimated cut-off range does not guarantee an offer of admission.
Note: If you fill out the SPF, offers may be made to you if you fall within a discretionary range below the determined cut-off range. Although not required, you are encouraged to complete the SPF.
All offers of admission are conditional upon:
- completion of the Ontario Secondary School Diploma (OSSD) or equivalent; and
- completion of six 4U and/or M courses, including required subjects, or equivalent; and
- a minimum final average as outlined in the offer letter. Note: Your offer of admission will outline all conditions you will be required to fulfill.
Alternate Offers: You will be considered for all programs you've applied to at the University of Guelph. If you apply for, but are not admitted to, a co-op program, you will be automatically considered for the regular program. You may then re-apply to co-op after your first year of study.
If you are not admitted to Bio-Medical Science, Animal Biology or Human Kinetics, you will be automatically considered for Bachelor of Science, Biological Science.
If you are not admitted to Criminal Justice and Public Policy, you will be automatically considered for Bachelor of Arts, General Arts.
Contact Us About the Program
50 Stone Rd. East
Guelph ON N1G 2W1
- Email: Admission Services


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- Complete optical solutions
- Multiple optical ways single contact (e.g. MT ferrule) or lensed contact
- Dedicated clean room lab
- Systematic optical face testing with interferometer
- Stringent risk analysis
- Qualification procedure according to standards (EN, IEC, ISO)
Our solution
Fiber Optical Capabilities
SOURIAU - SUNBANK Connection Technologies is a recognized worldwide market leader in the design and manufacture of optical connectors for harsh environments. We are committed to implement the most innovative optical technology at a high reliability level like multiple optical ways single contact (e.g. MT ferrule) or lensed contact, which is less sensitive to contamination.
SOURIAU - SUNBANK Connection Technologies provides complete optical solutions, comprising the design of complete optical links, the manufacturing of connectors, contacts and even full harnesses. Special efforts are put in production which mean: dedicated clean room lab, systematic optical face testing with interferometer, stringent risk analysis and qualification procedure according to standards (EN, IEC, ISO). Prestigious customers in industrial or aerospace markets are relying on us to introduce optical technology in critical applications for decades.
The cross-application optical team supports your specific needs from pre-project to full industrial release with adapted solutions: technical and economical analysis with the customer, design and development of optical solution, deployment support (work instruction, field training, installation procedure) and a strong after sale support.
Fiber optic applied to harsh environments
Compactness Mass saving: Electrical copper quadrax = 40 g/m, Optical fiber with 1.8 mm jacket = 4 g/m. Small dimensions: fiber optic are only 250 µm diameter. |
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Fiber optics is finding its way and showing major benefits for many applications in the defense and aerospace industry as well as FTTA and FTTH for homes and companies. The different fiber types offer large data transmission rates while allowing space and weight savings. Find out more about optical connectors.


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The NHANES 2009-2010 laboratory data files include findings from analyses of blood, urine, oral rinse, vaginal swabs, as well as water samples. Blood, urine and the vaginal swab specimens were collected at the mobile examination centers (MECs). The water samples were collected in participants' homes.
The specific laboratory test target populations are based on the survey participants' gender and age, at the time of the Household Interview. Blood and urine collection methods and exclusion criteria are described in this section. The collection of vaginal swabs and water samples, is described in the respective manuals for the physician, and household interviewer.
The urine collection procedure consisted of urine specimen collection and processing, and pregnancy testing. The blood collection procedure consisted of administering a questionnaire to screen for conditions that exclude participants from the blood draw. Fasting status was also recorded.
The following exclusion criteria applied to all tests that required blood specimens:
Beginning in 2005, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was added to the laboratory protocol. A fasting glucose blood test was performed on all participants 12 years and older, who were examined in the morning session, after a 9 hour fast. After the initial venipuncture, participants were asked to drink a calibrated dose (generally 75 grams of glucose) of TrutolTM and had a second venipuncture 2 hours (plus or minus 15 minutes) after drinking the TrutolTM.
There were seven OGTT exclusion criteria, including hemophilia and chemotherapy safety exclusions, fasting < 9 hours, taking insulin or oral medications for diabetes, refusing phlebotomy, and not drinking all the entire TrutolTM solution within the allotted time.
Automated data collection procedures were used. In the MECs and analytical laboratories, data for the laboratory component was recorded directly into a computerized database. Survey forms were also automated. The laboratory data collection and reporting systems were integrated with the main NHANES survey database. The complete blood count and pregnancy analyses were performed in the MEC laboratory. Other laboratory analyses were conducted off-site. For 2009-2010, 21 laboratories, across the United States, analyzed NHANES specimens.
The NHANES 2009-2010 laboratory staff consisted of medical technologists and phlebotomists. The American Society for Clinical Pathologists or other organizations certified these staff members.
All laboratory staff completed comprehensive training in standardized laboratory procedures, before they began working in the MEC. The medical technologists hold baccalaureates in medical technology. The MEC phlebotomists completed comprehensive training in pediatric phlebotomy techniques, including instruction by a pediatric nurse practitioner. All MEC staff completed required training in safety, subject privacy and confidentiality, and cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
Standardized scripts were used to describe the laboratory procedures to survey participants. All scripts were developed and pretested in both English and Spanish. The MEC staff was trained extensively, to ensure the quality and comparability of staff interactions with Spanish-speaking respondents.
Detailed specimen collection and processing instructions are discussed in the NHANES Laboratory/Medical Technologists Procedures Manual (LPM). Each chapter in the LPM specifies the procedures to be used for collecting, labeling, processing, preserving, and transporting specimens for each method used in the survey.
Laboratory team performance was monitored using several techniques. NCHS and contract consultants used structured quality assurance evaluations, during unscheduled site visits, to evaluate the quality of the laboratory work and the implementation of required quality control procedures. Laboratory staff were observed and given feedback with respect to equipment operation, specimen collection and preparation, interaction with survey participants, and implementation of the survey protocol. Formal staff retraining sessions were conducted annually to ensure that required skill levels were maintained.
The NHANES quality control and quality assurance protocols met the 1988 Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act requirements. Detailed quality control and quality assurance instructions are discussed in the NHANES LPM.
As part of the overall quality assurance process for the survey, all collection materials, vacutainer tubes, and storage containers used for trace elements assays were initially pre-screened by the CDC/NCEH, Environmental Health Laboratory Sciences Laboratory for background contamination levels of lead, cadmium, total and speciated mercury. Lead, cadmium, and total and speciated mercury are fairly ubiquitous contaminants. Blood was collected in red-top tubes after the acceptability of the test tubes had been confirmed. Special lead-free tubes were not required. Ordinary EDTA tubes were similarly used, after prescreening confirmed that they had no contamination.
NCHS used several methods to monitor the quality of the analyses performed by the NHANES contract laboratories. In the MEC, these methods included analyzing "blind" split samples collected during practice ("dry run") sessions. In addition, contract laboratories randomly performed repeat testing on five percent of all specimens.
NCHS developed and distributed a quality control (QC) protocol to each NHANES contract laboratory. The Westgard rules, to be used when running NHANES specimens, were included in the protocols. Progress reports, prepared by the contract laboratories, documented problems encountered during shipping or receipt of specimens. Summary statistics for each control pool, QC graphs, instrument calibration, reagents, and any special considerations were submitted to NCHS and Westat quarterly. The reports were reviewed for trends or shifts in the data. The laboratories were required to explain any identified areas of concern. NCHS and Westat reviewed the progress reports.
The NHANES data processing guidelines provided NCHS and contractor staff with standards for naming variables, filling missing values, and handling missing records. NCHS staff, assisted by contract staff, developed data editing specifications that checked data sets for valid codes, ranges, and skip pattern consistencies and examined the consistency of values between interrelated variables. Comments were reviewed and recoded. NCHS staff verified extremely high and low values. Numerous consistency checks were performed during data preparation. Nevertheless, data users should examine variable ranges, frequencies and other descriptive statistics before analyzing the data.
For laboratory tests with a lower detection limit, results below the lower detection limit were replaced with a value equal to the detection limit, divided by the square root of two. This value was created to help users distinguish a nondetectable laboratory test result from a measured laboratory test result.
The analysis of NHANES 2009-2010 phlebotomy data must be conducted using the appropriate survey design and demographic variables. The NHANES 2009-2010 Demographics File contains demographic data, health indicators, and other related information collected during household interviews. The Demographics File also contains the household variables and sample weight variables. The Phlebotomy File includes auxiliary information such as fasting status, the time of venipuncture, and the conditions precluding venipuncture. The demographics and phlebotomy files may be linked to the laboratory data file using the unique survey participant identifier SEQN.


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A Handy Guide to Starting a Home Remodel
Apprehension and inexperience keep many homeowners from pursuing renovation projects that would make their homes more functional, enjoyable and comfortable. Getting your hands dirty on the front end—with some planning and preparation – is the best blueprint for a successful home remodeling project.
To help you start your remodel on the right track, consider these tips from Gary White with JCPenney Home Services.
Start with a plan
Although it may sound obvious, the first step really is to decide what you hope to accomplish with your renovation. At the least, begin to outline rough ideas to discuss with an expert. Reaching out to contractors before you've determined a basic idea for your project can waste time and money. Spend time listing the features you must have, as well as some nice-to-haves if budget allows. Also think about overall functionality, design and layout. If you get overwhelmed or need ideas, don't hesitate to turn to online showrooms or magazines for inspiration.
Set a budget
If the sky is the limit, skip ahead, but if you're like most homeowners, money matters. Have a clear idea of what you can afford to invest in your renovation before you get started, and if necessary, research the financing options available to you. Look for financing that provides deferred interest or low monthly payments to help manage the project cost. Setting a clear budget can help keep your contractors accountable, and it goes a long way toward ensuring you can enjoy your finished project without regret.
Draw up the plans
To help set your plan in motion, there are numerous online tools you can utilize to simplify each step of the process including design, budgeting and more. If you're planning a home remodel, it can be helpful to find a comprehensive resource that offers a one-stop-shop for bathroom remodeling, countertops, custom window treatments, flooring, heating and cooling, water heaters and whole-home water treatment.
Involve a professional
Unless you have the time and skills, you'll want a licensed and insured contractor to lead the project when you're ready to get your renovation in motion. It can be wise to solicit multiple bids, not only to ensure you get the best value, but also to find someone whose work, style and experience is most in line with the needs of your project. After all, this person will be a big part of your life during a fairly stressful time period. Always check references and verify the contractor's standing with local associations.
Get ready for work
Remember that you'll need to create a work environment that is safe for your contractors and protects your valuable possessions. Establish a clear path to the project space for easy access and removal of debris. Furniture, appliances, room furnishings, valuables and breakable items should be removed from both the path to the work site and the work site itself. If your renovation project will involve an essential room, such as the kitchen or a bathroom, make alternate arrangements such as creating a makeshift kitchen with the bare necessities in another part of the house.
Countertops 101
Kitchens and bathrooms are among the most common renovation projects, and countertops are often a focal point of these redesigns. However, choosing the right countertop can be overwhelming. Here are two of the most popular choices:
Granite countertops have long been the mainstay of a beautiful kitchen or bathroom. Granite is a natural stone, quarried from large stone deposits around the world. It can have many different variations of patterns and colors, giving each slab a unique appearance that is visually rich and dynamic.
In addition to its distinctive beauty and classic elegance, granite is also extremely durable. Granite is highly resistant to heat and scratches and, with proper sealing, offers good water and stain resistance and is easy to clean.
Granite typically needs to be sealed, both prior to installation and at least once per year. If properly maintained, a granite countertop will last for as long as you own your home, making it a potential long-term investment.
Quartz is another popular choice for countertops due to its durability, stain resistance and ease of maintenance.
It's an engineered product made mostly from up to 93 percent quartz, a non-porous natural stone, combined with a small amount of binder and color. Small particles of glass or reflective metal flakes can also be added to some quartz designs to achieve a more unique look. The result is an attractive slab that can be made in a wide variety of tones and colors, and can be finished to duplicate high gloss polished stone.
Quartz is one of the most durable countertop materials and one of the easiest to maintain. It is highly resistant to heat, water and stains, including stains from coffee, wine, lemon juice, olive oil, vinegar and more. Unlike granite, quartz does not need to be sealed, making it easier to maintain over time.
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Special times of reflection such as Advent, Christmas Eve, Maundy Thursday, and Good Friday have come to be especially meaningful to us. This year we wanted to add a particular time of renewal during the season of Lent, so we were glad to start with an Ash Wednesday service.
The observance of Ash Wednesday is not obligatory in any way, but for hundreds of years now many Christians have marked the beginning of the Lenten season (the 40 days before Easter, not counting Sundays) with a particular time of reflection and repentance. The imposition of ashes upon one's head is symbolic, of course, but what a powerful symbol! With the placing of ashes on one's head comes the entreaty: "Remember that you are dust, and to dust you will return," echoing God's words to Adam in Genesis 3:19.
That admonishment is meant to call us to God by reminding us that our days are numbered. In it I find echoes of Solomon's heartfelt cry, "Remember now your Creator in the days of your youth" (Ecclesiastes 12:1), or Paul's earnest plea, "Now is the day of salvation" (II Corinthians 6:2). I appreciate the reminder.
But this year I'm also thankful for the reminder that I am only dust. So often I yearn and strive, almost forgetting that I'm not responsible to do what God alone can do. God is God and I am not, and Ash Wednesday helped me remember what a wonderful and restful fact that is.


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Misty Cove | Jolie Paint
Jolie Paint in MISTY COVE is a cool, mid-tone grey. It is a transitional colour that changes depending on how the light hits it, catching glimpses of muted green and blue undertones. This colour was inspired by the beautiful rocks found along the coast of Malibu, California.
COVERAGE: One quart (946ml) covers approximately 150 square feet (13.9 square meters). One 4oz (118ml) sample covers approximately 18.8 square feet (1.7 square meters). Actual coverage may vary depending on surface and application.
$18.95 – $56.95


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This article was published:
Alexander Dalrymple (1737-1808), hydrographer and propagandist, was born on 24 July 1737 at New Hailes, near Edinburgh, the seventh of sixteen children of Lieutenant-Colonel Sir James Dalrymple and his wife, a daughter of the earl of Haddington. He was educated first by his father, then until he was 14 at the Haddington school. He went to London after his father's death and in 1752, through the influence of an uncle by marriage, General St Clair, was appointed a writer in the East India Co.'s service, being first posted to Madras. While with the company Dalrymple became interested in the possibilities of trade with the East Indies and China, negotiated a treaty with the sultan of Sulu and visited Canton; in 1765 he returned to London where he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society.
When translating some Spanish documents captured in the Philippines in 1762, Dalrymple had found Torres's testimony proving a passage south of New Guinea; he now showed Torres's route of 1606 on a chart in his An Account of the Discoveries Made in The South Pacifick Ocean, Previous to 1764 (London, 1767). In this work he declared his belief in the existence of a great southern continent, extending into low latitudes in the Pacific; more important, he brought Torres's route to the notice of Joseph Banks. In 1768 it was suggested that Dalrymple should lead the expedition being sent to the Pacific to observe the transit of Venus but his insistence that he should command the vessel was contrary to Admiralty regulations. However, his book provided James Cook with valuable knowledge for his successful navigation of Torres Strait. In his major work, An Historical Collection of the Several Voyages and Discoveries in the South Pacific Ocean (London, 1770), Dalrymple continued to insist that a great southern continent existed. By circumnavigating New Zealand, Cook on his first voyage had imposed severe limitations on this hypothesis, and on his second voyage in 1772-75, he completely disproved it; nevertheless Dalrymple's writings had done much to maintain official interest in Pacific exploration.
In 1768 the East India Co. had offered Dalrymple management of a new factory it planned at Balambangan in Borneo, in line with the proposals he had earlier put forward and later expressed in A Plan for Extending the Commerce of this Kingdom and of the East-India-Company (London, 1769); but his demands were so extreme that in 1771 the company dismissed him. In 1775 he was again appointed to Madras; after only two years he was recalled. In 1779 he was appointed hydrographer to the company. He carried out valuable work in his prolific publication of charts, but he was also ever ready to indulge in violent controversy on the identification of various Pacific islands. He was convinced that trade in this area would be profitable, arguing by analogy with India and China that the indigenous peoples would be found numerous and wealthy; partly for this reason, he strongly opposed the establishment of New South Wales in A Serious Admonition to the Public on the Intended Thief-Colony at Botany Bay (London, 1786). He insisted that the whole scheme was only an attempt to carry on illegal trade in violation of the monopoly of the East India Co., and ridiculed transportation there as a punishment. However, his criticism was ignored. In 1795 he was appointed hydrographer to the Admiralty, but again his difficult temperament proved his undoing. On 28 May 1808 he was dismissed; as a result, 'in the opinion of his medical attendants, he died of vexation' on 19 June.
That he should be remembered as one who engaged in constant disputes with the East India Co. and the Admiralty, who pursued a foolish and unnecessary vendetta against Cook and who supported erroneous geographical theories is perhaps inevitable; although the latter often reflected skilful deduction, Dalrymple invariably postulated them with a dogmatism unjustified by the evidence. He was over-bearing, opinionated and cantankerous, but also intelligent, enthusiastic and determined. He made major contributions to marine cartography and his writings on mercantile and public affairs show the breadth of his interests.
'Dalrymple, Alexander (1737–1808)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/dalrymple-alexander-1949/text2341, published first in hardcopy 1966, accessed online 15 July 2024.
This article was published in hardcopy in Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 1, (Melbourne University Press), 1966
View the front pages for Volume 1
National Library of Australia, 9482269
24 July,
New Hailes,
19 June,
(aged 70)
Includes subject's nationality; their parents' nationality; the countries in which they spent a significant part of their childhood, and their self-identity.


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Give your home the "impact statement" it wants to make this spring. It's not difficult. Actually, it can be done just by adding a few potted plants in the right areas.
For example, if you have a markedly unpretentious entryway, a few simple terra-cotta pots of geraniums, petunias or pansies would probably do it great justice. If you set them on a stairway, be sure to set them as close to the rail as possible to allow free passage.
These same blooms can accentuate a pale, shingled wall on porch. The porch would form the perfect backdrop for a few colorful ceramic pots. Given basic care, these trouble free performers will shine for you all summer long.
What do you think about these simple yet effective gardening and decorating ideas? If you have any thoughts or ideas of your own, we'd love to hear them?
Photo Credit: Sunset Books, Norm Plate


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