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This article originally appeared on HBR.org.
A recent study by three professors at Purdue's Krannert School of Management is part of a growing mountain of evidence of the superior and more lasting performance of companies where the founder still plays a significant role as CEO, chairman, board member, or owner or adviser. Specifically, the study found that S&P 500 companies where the founder is still CEO are more innovative, generate 31% more patents, create patents that are more valuable, and are more likely to make bold investments to renew and adapt the business model—demonstrating a willingness to take risk to invent the future.
This begs the question, why?
When the founder is still involved, why are companies more innovative? Why are they able to increase value at a higher rate, willing to make bolder investments, and able to maintain more loyal employees?
Founder's Mentality
Fast-growing companies can become global leaders without losing the values that helped them succeed. Bain's research explores how large incumbents can also reignite their growth by recapturing their Founder's Mentality®.
Over the past decade, we at Bain & Company have been studying the deep roots of the most adaptable and sustainably successful companies. We started with the observation that profitable growth is becoming more challenging, and that only one in 10 companies achieve it over a decade. We confirmed this observation by developing a database of all public companies in the global stock markets and tracking their performance over 25 years. We found that the companies most successful at maintaining profitable growth over the long term were disproportionately companies where the founder was still running the business (such as Oracle, Haier, or LBrands), was still involved on the Board of Directors (like Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts), or, most importantly, where the focus and principles of how to operate that the founder had originally put in place still endured (as at IKEA or at Enterprise Rent-A-Car).
To find out why, we went out into the field. We did a series of interviews with executives and founders around the world, and analyzed another 200 founder-led companies with the help of an expert who knew each company well. What we found surprised us. Three sets of hard-edged practices and underlying attitudes, tracing back to the way the founder had set up the company, emerged consistently. In other words, how founders built their companies on the inside, from the start, influenced their companies' success on the outside, for a long time.
We call these company practices "the founder's mentality." They are not vague cultural notions that are hard to pin down and take forever to change. Rather, they are grounded in concrete actions and an approach to business that can be studied and emulated with rapid results. And that is good news for all companies: most of the practices that produce this successful performance are observable, learnable, and useable by all leaders immediately.
The first is the unique, spiky feature, or capability that gives a business special purpose. We call it business insurgency. My co-author James Allen refers to this as waging war on industry norms on behalf of underserved customers, as Netflix did for video rentals, or to create a new market entirely, as Google has done, following its mission to organize all of the world's information.
Many businesses lose this sharp sense of purpose as they grow. This is why only 13% of employees worldwide feel any personal engagement with their work at all. And engagement matters. Our research shows that engaged employees are 3.5 times as likely to solve problems themselves and invest personal time in innovation as unengaged workers. Imagine if all were engaged!
Lose this clear purpose and your company becomes directionless and uninspiring—especially to the millennial generation.
The second element of the founder's mentality is a front line obsession—as the founder had. It shows up in a love of the details and a culture that makes heroes of those at the front line of the business and gives them power.
An example I love is how M.S. Oberoi, founder of Oberoi Hotels, role modeled this for the next generation of leaders. He scrawled responses on customer comment cards even at the age of 94 when he could barely see and had to hold the cards an inch away from his eyes.
Lose this deep curiosity for what is going on at the front line, and your company loses its instincts. At the extreme, your company becomes an out-of-touch bureaucracy where power shifts to corporate offices and to people who may never have served a customer or made a product.
The third element is an owner's mindset, the fuel that propelled the rise of private equity, whose essence is dialing up speed to act and taking personal responsibility for risk and for cost.
This has been central to the success of AB InBev, the $50 billion world leader in beer. The company states at the top of its list of principles that "we are a company of owners and act like one" and translates that idea into minute detail throughout the whole company.
Lose the owner's mindset and your company becomes complacent, slow to act and decide, and risk averse. Leaders can easily turn into custodians and then into bureaucrats, and bureaucrats are especially vulnerable today.
Our research shows that companies that maintain the founder's mentality as they age are four to five times more likely to be top quartile performers. For instance, an index of Fortune 500 companies in which the founder is still deeply involved performed 3.1 times better than the rest over the past 15 years.
Some of the most successful venture capitalists, like Andreesen Horowitz have been quite vocal about their strong preference for investing in businesses where the founder is the CEO. In fact, most of the great tech firms—just think of Oracle, Intel, Microsoft, Apple, Dell, Google, Amazon, Facebook, and so many others—had founder CEOs, often for a long time. In his blog, Ben Horowitz lists three reasons his VC firm prefers founder CEOs: founders have the moral authority to make the hard choices, they know the detail of the business and have better instincts, and they have a long-term perspective on investments and building a company that lasts.
The implication for today's business leaders? Cultivate a founder's mentality as a key strategic asset, and talk about it, measure it, monitor it, and reward it. We believe it is the most important indicator of the health of a company on the inside—which is almost always where the deep root causes of failure to perform on the outside reside. The founder's mentality is an indicator of a company's readiness to act quickly, to adapt to change, to retain the ground-level instincts of a founder, and to innovate to invent—and not fight the future.
Chris Zook is a partner in Bain & Company's Boston office and a coleader of its global strategy practice. He is a coauthor of The Founder's Mentality: How to Overcome the Predictable Crises of Growth (Harvard Business Review Press, forthcoming).


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Red Figure Vase with Top - 470 BC
Hand-made ceramic replica of an original Greek red figure vase. Features a mythologial scene and geometric Greek key pattern edges. See additional photos for details. A beautiful additional to your household, or a wonderful gift. Approx. 12 cm in height (4.7").
*This is a hand-painted reproduction, individually signed by the artist.
Due to special handling requirements, please allow 2-4 weeks for delivery. Express delivery available upon request.
GREEK RED FIGURE POTTERYRed-figure vase painting is one of the most important styles of figural Greek vase painting. It developed in Athens around 530 BC and remained in use until the late 3rd century BC. It replaced the previously dominant style of Black-figure vase painting within a few decades. Its modern name is based on the figural depictions in red color on a black background, in contrast to the preceding black-figure style with black figures on a red background. Red figure is the reverse of the black figure technique. After the unfired vessels had dried to a leathery, near-brittle texture, paintings were applied. In Attica, the normal unburnt clay was of orange colour at this stage. The outlines of the intended figures were drawn either with a blunt scraper, leaving a slight groove, or with charcoal, which would disappear entirely during firing. Then, the contours were redrawn with a brush, using a glossy clay slip (a liquid clay and mineral mixture).
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subset: commoncrawl


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Barbara Metcalf (Univ. of California at Davis, emerita) president; Anthony Grafton (Princeton Univ.), president-elect; Laurel Thatcher Ulrich (Harvard Univ.),immediate past president; David Weber (Southern Methodist Univ.), vice president, Professional Division; Iris Berger (Univ. at Albany, SUNY), vice president, Research Division; Patricia Nelson Limerick (Univ. of Colorado at Boulder), vice president, Teaching Division; Cheryll Ann Cody (Houston Community Coll.-West Loop Campus); Prasenjit Duara (National Univ. of Singapore); Sarah C. Maza (Northwestern Univ.); Trudy H. Peterson (consulting archivist); Laura Isabel Serna (Florida State Univ.); Thomas J. Sugrue (Univ. of Pennsylvania); John K. Thornton (Boston Univ.); Barbara L. Tischler (Horace Mann School)
Professional Division
David Weber, vice president; Kristin L. Ahlberg (U.S. Dept. of State); Sarah C. Maza; Trudy H. Peterson; Laura Isabel Serna
Research Division
Iris Berger, vice president; Mary Elizabeth Berry (Univ. of California, Berkeley); Thomas Sugrue; John K. Thornton; Robert Schneider, AHR, ex officio
Teaching Division
Patricia Limerick, vice president; Cheryll Ann Cody; Timothy N. Thurber (Virginia Commonwealth Univ.); Barbara L. Tischler.
Nominating Committee
Lisa Forman Cody (Claremont McKenna Coll.), chair; Carol Anderson (Emory Univ.); Marshall C. Eakin (Vanderbilt Univ.); Poshek Fu (Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign); David Gutiérrez (Univ. of California at San Diego); Page Herrlinger (Bowdoin Coll.); Jan Ellen Lewis (Rutgers Univ.-Newark); David S. Newbury (Smith Coll.); Julia Adeney Thomas (Univ. of Notre Dame)
Committee on Committees
Anthony Grafton, chair; Christopher Leslie Brown (Columbia Univ.); Jorge Canizares-Esguerra (Univ. of Texas at Austin); Lloyd S. Kramer (Univ. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill); Kriste Lindenmeyer (Univ. of Maryland Baltimore County)
Standing Committees
Committee on Affiliated Societies: Anthony Grafton, chair; Prasenjit Duara; Laura Kalman (Univ. of California at Santa Barbara); Louise McReynolds (Univ. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)
Committee on the Harold Vyvyan Harmsworth Professorship in American History: Barbara Metcalf, chair; Anthony Grafton; Peter Onuf (Univ. of Virginia); Lizabeth Cohen (Harvard Univ.); Linda Kerber (Univ. of Iowa); (Kathryn Kish Sklar (Binghamton Univ., SUNY)
Committee on International Historical Activities: Eric J. Van Young (Univ. of California at San Diego), chair; Leon Fink (Univ. of Illinois at Chicago); Emily Rosenberg (Univ. of California at Irvine); Dror Wahrman (Indiana Univ.)
Committee on Minority Historians: Ana Rosas (Univ. of California at Irvine), chair; Douglas Kiel (Univ. of Wisconsin at Madison); Shaun T. Lopez (Univ. of Washington, Seattle); Celia E. Naylor (Dartmouth Coll.); Martin Summers (Boston Coll.)
Committee on Women Historians: Margaret Strobel (Univ. of Illinois at Chicago), chair; Leslie Alexander (Ohio State Univ.); Charles Capper (Boston Univ.); Katherine Hijar (California State Univ. at San Marcos); Ruby Lal (Emory Univ.)
Graduate & Early Career Committee: Aaron Marrs (U.S. Dept. of State), chair; Laura Isabel Serna, co-chair; Katherine Hijar, CWH Representative; Douglas Kiel, CMH Representative; Mark P. O'Tool (Cengage Learning); Aleah Soine (Univ. of Minnesota)
Award Committees
Committee on the Herbert Baxter Adams Prize: Hugh Thomas (Univ. of Miami), chair; George Behlmer (Univ. of Washington); Clare H. Crowston (Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign); Laura L. Frader (Northeastern Univ.); Carole B. Levin (Univ. of Nebraska at Lincoln)
Committee on the George Louis Beer Prize: Peter Fritzsche (Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), chair; Susan Brewer (Univ. of Wisconsin at Stevens Point); Mary Ellen Lewis (Harvard Univ.); Aviel Roshwald (Georgetown Univ.); Marla Stone (Occidental Coll.)
Committee on the Albert J. Beveridge Award: Claire Potter (Wesleyan Univ.), chair; Eileen Findlay (American Univ.); David Greenberg (Rutgers Univ. at New Brunswick); Eric Hinderaker (Univ. of Utah); Manisha Sinha (Univ. of Massachusetts at Amherst)
Committee on the Paul Birdsall Prize: Nicholas Sarantakes (U.S. Army Command & General Staff Coll.), chair; Douglas M. Peers (York Univ.); Carol B. Stevens (Colgate Univ.)
Committee on the James Henry Breasted Prize: Bonnie Effros, chair; Patrick Geary (UCLA); Charles King (Univ. of Nebraska at Omaha)
Committee on the Albert Corey Prize: Nora Faires (Western Michigan Univ.), AHA Representative; chair; Elizabeth Mancke (Univ. of Akron), AHA Representative; Dimitry Anastakis (Trent Univ.), CHA Representative; Christopher P. Dummitt (Trent Univ.),CHA Representative; Jerry Bannister (CHA Dalhousie Univ.), ex officio member
Committee on the John H. Dunning Prize: Thomas Dublin (Binghamton Univ., SUNY), chair; Ann Braude (Harvard Divinity School); J. William Harris (Univ. of New Hampshire); Matthew Pinsker (Dickinson Coll.); Louis Warren (Univ. of California at Davis)
Committee on the John Edwin Fagg Prize: William B. Taylor (Univ. of California, Berkeley), chair; Leslie Offutt (Vassar Coll.); Robert Whealey (Ohio Univ.)
Committee on the John K. Fairbank Prize in East Asian History: Thomas Havens (Northeastern Univ.), chair; Charles Armstrong (Columbia Univ.); Carol Ann Benedict (Georgetown Univ.); Daniel Botsman (Univ. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill); Pamela Crossley (Dartmouth Coll.)
Committee on the Morris D. Forkosch Prize: Eric Carlson (Gustavus Adolphus Coll.), chair; Ian Christopher Fletcher (Georgia State Univ.); Amy Froide (Univ. of Maryland, Baltimore County); Cynthia Herrup (Univ. of Southern California); Martin J. Wiener (Rice Univ.)
Committee on the Leo Gershoy Award: Paul Friedland (Bowdoin Coll.), chair; Jennifer M. Jones (Rutgers Univ.); Paul Monod (Middlebury Coll.); Benjamin Schmidt (Univ. of Washington); Ulrike Strasser (Univ. of California at Irvine)
Committee on the Joan Kelly Memorial Prize in Women's History: Kirsten Childers (Univ. of Pennsylvania), chair; Katherine French (State Univ. of New York, New Paltz); Michele Mitchell (NYU): Karin Rosemblatt (Univ. of Maryland College Park); Rosemarie Zagarri (George Mason Univ.)
Committee on the Martin A Klein Prize in African History: Edward A. Alpers (UCLA), chair; Jean Allman (Washington Univ. in St. Louis); Benedict Carton (George Mason Univ.).
Committee on the Littleton-Griswold Prize: Thomas Mackey (Univ. of Louisville), chair; Hendrik Hartog (Princeton Univ.); Sally Hadden (Western Michigan Univ.); Daniel W. Hamilton (Univ. of Illinois); Karl Jacoby (Brown Univ.)
Committee on the J. Russell Major Prize: Kenneth Moure (Univ. of California at Santa Barbara), chair; Patricia Lorcin (Univ. of Minnesota, Twin Cities); Daniel Lord Smail (Harvard Univ.)
Committee on the Helen Howard R. Marraro Prize: Paula Findlen (Stanford Univ.), AHA Representative, chair; Nicholas Terpstra (Univ. of Toronto), ACHA Representative; Marla Stone (Occidental Coll.),SIHS Representative
Committee on the George L. Mosse Prize: Pieter Judson (Swarthmore Coll.), chair; Sandra Herbert (Univ. of Maryland, Baltimore County); Jonathan Sheehan (Univ. of California, Berkeley)
Committee on the James Rawley Prize in Atlantic History: Mia Bay (Rutgers Univ. at New Brunswick), chair; Larry Hudson (Univ. of Rochester); Marjoleine Kars (Univ. of Maryland, Baltimore County)
Committee on the Premio del Rey: Mark Meyerson (Univ. of Toronto), chair; Brian Catlos (Univ. of California at Santa Cruz); Simon Doubleday (Hofstra Univ.); Lu Ann Homza (Coll. of William Mary); David Nirenberg (Univ. of Chicago)
Committee on the James Harvey Robinson Prize: Julie Winch (Univ. of Massachusetts Boston), chair; Florence M. Baker (El Camino Coll.); Andrew E. Kersten (Univ. of Wisconsin, Green Bay); Dominique Padurano (Horace Mann School); Holly Shulman (Univ. of Virginia)
Committee on the Wesley-Logan Prize: AHA Representatives: Tiffany R. Patterson (Vanderbilt Univ.), chair; Stephanie Shaw (Ohio State Univ.); James H. Sweet (Univ. of Wisconsin at Madison); ASALH Representatives: Lillie Edwards (Drew Univ.); Daryl Scott (Howard Univ.)
Committee on the Herbert Feis Award: John Fox (Roosevelt-Vanderbilt National Historic Sites), chair; Robert P. Forbes (Univ. of Connecticut at Torrington); Richard H. Kohn (Univ. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill); Linda Shopes (Pennsylvania Historical Museum Commission); Susan Strasser (Univ. of Delaware)
Committee on the John O'Connor Film Award: Suzanne Langlois (Glendon Coll., York Univ.); Ron Briley (Sandia Preparatory School); Nina Mjagkij (Ball State Univ.)
Committee on the Nancy Roelker Mentorship Award: Douglas Egerton (Le Moyne Coll.), chair; Caroline Cox (Univ. of the Pacific); Deborah Gray-White (Rutgers Univ.-New Brunswick); David C. Penn (Crane Technological High School); Darlene Spitzer-Antezana (Prince George's Community Coll.)
Committee on Teaching Prizes: Lauren Jared (Cate School), chair; Holly Brewer (North Carolina State Univ.); Stuart D. Graybill (Sacramento City Coll.); Troy Johnson (California State Univ. at Long Beach); Linda Levstik (Univ. of Kentucky)
Grant and Fellowship Committees
Committee on the J. Franklin Jameson Fellowship: Jean Christophe-Agnew (Yale Univ.), chair; Mark R. Cheathem (Cumberland Univ.); Jeanette Keith (Bloomsburg Univ. of Pennsylvania); Laura Lovett (Univ. of Massachusetts Amherst); Eva Sheppard Wolf (San Francisco State Univ.)
Committee on the NASA Fellowship: Cheryl R. Ganz (Smithsonian Institution), chair; Joseph N. Tatarewicz (Univ. of Maryland, Baltimore County), AHA Representative; Margaret A. Weitekamp (Smithsonian Institution), AHA Representative; Patrick Moore (Univ. of Western Florida), NCPH Representative; Paul W. Rhode (Univ. of Arizona), EHA Representative; Jennifer Ros-Nazzal (NASA Johnson Space Center), OAH Representative; Robert Smith (National Air Space Museum), HSS Representative
Committee on Research Grants (Africa, Asia, Europe): Durba Ghosh (Cornell Univ.), chair; Nancy Rose Hunt (Univ. of Michigan); Michael A. Osborne (Oregon State Univ.)
Committee on Research Grants (U.S./Western Hemisphere): John E. Kicza (Washington State Univ.), chair; W. Jeffrey Bolster (Univ. of New Hampshire); Robin Einhorn (Univ. of California, Berkeley)
Ad Hoc and Joint Committees
Program Committee, 2011: Michael Fisher (Oberlin Coll.), chair; Barbara Rosenwein (Loyola Univ. Chicago), co-chair; J. D. (Jerome) Bowers (Northern Illinois Univ.); W. Fitzhugh Brundage (Univ. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill); Alison Games (Georgetown Univ.); Valerie A. Kivelson (Univ. of Michigan); Ghislaine E. Lydon (UCLA); Lary L. May (Univ. of Minnesota); Peter C. Perdue (Yale Univ.); Bonnie Smith (Rutgers Univ.-New Brunswick); Jacob Soll (Rutgers Univ. at Camden); Andrea L. Stanton (New York Univ.); Charles Walker (Univ. of California at Davis); Caroline Winterer (Stanford Univ.)
Task Force on Intellectual Property: Stanley Katz (Princeton Univ.), chair; Fred Cate (Indiana Univ.); James Grossman (Newberry Library); Mark Kornbluh (Michigan State Univ.); Michael Les Benedict (Ohio State Univ.); Page Putnam Miller (Univ. of South Carolina); Robert Schneider (Indiana Univ.)
Task Force on Disability: David Weber, chair; David J. Ulbrich (Ohio Univ.); Leisa D. Meyer (Coll. of William Mary); Debbie Doyle, AHA Representative; Paul Longmore (San Francisco State Univ.), DHA Representative; Sandra Sufian (Univ. of Illinois at Chicago), DHA Representative
Task Force on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Historians: David Weber, chair; Jennifer Brier (Univ. of Illinois at Chicago); Leisa Meyer; Marc Stein (York Univ.); Susan Stryker (Indiana Univ., Bloomington)
Two-Year College Task Force: Frank Malaret (Sacramento City Coll.), chair; David Berry,ex officio (Essex County Community Coll.); Trinidad Gonzales (South Texas Coll.); Judith Jeffrey Howard (Arlington, VA); Natalie Kimbaugh (Community Coll. of Baltimore County); Kevin Reilly (Raritan Valley Community Coll.)
American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies: To be announced
American Council of Learned Societies: Nancy F. Cott (Harvard Univ.)
Consortium of Social Science Associations: Dorothy Ross (Johns Hopkins Univ.)
Friends of the German Institute: Peter Jelavich (Johns Hopkins Univ.); Lee Palmer Wandel (Univ. of Wisconsin at Madison)
Holmes Devise: To be announced
National Historical Publications Records Commission: Stanley Katz (Princeton Univ.)
AHA Executive Director Arnita A. Jones is an ex officio member of the Council, the three divisions, the Committee on Committees, and all standing and ad hoc committees.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Attribution must provide author name, article title, Perspectives on History, date of publication, and a link to this page. This license applies only to the article, not to text or images used here by permission.


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1. A change listing, especially giving differences between (and additions to) source code or documents (the term is often used in the plural diffs). "Send me your diffs for the Jargon File!" Compare vdiff.
2. Specifically, such a listing produced by the diff(1) command, esp. when used as specification input to the patch(1) utility (which can actually perform the modifications; see patch). This is a common method of distributing patches and source updates in the Unix/C world.
3. v. To compare (whether or not by use of automated tools on machine-readable files); see also vdiff, mod.


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How can Aspire New Life, LLC counseling help?
Our licensed therapists provide professional guidance and support that help couples and families deal with ongoing relationship issues and family conflict. Counseling helps those struggling with specific issues by providing a safe and positive environment to express concerns, identify core issues and find practical therapeutic solutions to their problems.
How many counseling sessions are required?
The number of sessions varies for each couple and/or family depending on their particular situation. Experienced and qualified Aspire New Life, LLC counselors begin with an in-depth evaluation and discuss your primary goals that help to determine the required number of sessions.
Should I attend the first couple or family counseling session alone?
It is always best when couples and families attend sessions together, yet if one partner or a family member is unwilling, individual therapy may be recommended. Consult a Aspire New Life, LLC counselor for professional guidance at (757) 586-5350 to find the best therapy program for you.
Is marriage and family counseling confidential?
Providing a safe and confidential environment to couples and families is of utmost importance. Aspire New Life, LLC counselors in Williamsburg are required by law to respect client confidentiality. In accordance with state and federal laws, a licensed therapist or counselor is only required to disclose information regarding any individual who displays an intent to harm themselves or others.
What can I expect in our first session?
Your initial counseling session explores the primary issue and core struggles that prompted you to seek counseling. Our trained therapists identify and help couples and families set precise goals to derive the maximum benefit from your counseling sessions.
How can I get the most out of marriage and family counseling?
Counseling can be a very rewarding experience for couples and families who are seeking constructive solutions to their problems and fully committed to resolving the relationship and family issues they are facing. Active and willing participants achieve results from our effective counseling programs.


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Diver Services
Welcome to International Training TDI Diver Services. This section of our website is for anyone who has ever been certified as a TDI diver.
Some of the features available in this section include the following:
- Diver News: Once a month, divers can receive an email updating them on items like what is occurring at TDI, to information about exciting dive destinations, to training tips or equipment reviews. This section is where those news items will be if you miss one or just want to take a look at an old one. Click here to take a look.
- Diver Profiles: Feel like managing all your certification in one place, this is it. Simply click on this link to set up a user account and you are on your way. You will also be able to add certifications you took years ago, manage your address and contact details and very shortly be able to log your dives in this section.
- Confirm a TDI Certification: Forgot your c-card and standing at the Dive Center ready to get on the boat, simply click here to verify you are qualified.
- Order a Replacement Card: Lost your certification card or simply want to change to change your photo of last name, click here to get that done.
- Find a Dive Center: Are you traveling some place and want to get in a dive or two while you are there, well click here to find a local TDI Dive Center.
Although there are only a few items here for divers at this time, keep checking back for regular updates and additions. This is the section we plan to build the most upon going forward.


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Written by: Dr. Ali M Sallabi
The Biography of Biography of Uthman Ibn Affan رضی الله عنهُ In this book, Dr. As-Sallabi presents the life of the third caliph of Islam, `Uthman ibn `Affan, رضی الله عنهُ and highlights his great achievements, as well the issues and turmoil that he faced due to the hypocrisy movement that plagued the Muslim society. He also addresses the misrepresentations of `Uthmaan, رضی الله عنهُ fabricated by his enemies and detractors and perpetuated, inadvertently or otherwise, by writers and historians, as well as the activities of the hypocrites and the effort they put into fabricating these lies and causing division in the Ummah, the effects of which Muslims are still suffering today. The study of history is of great importance, especially for Muslims who have been denied access to their heritage in many ways due to the upheavals that befell the Muslim world in recent decades and centuries, and due to tampering and insertions in their own books of history. Uthman ibn Affan رضی الله عنهُ was the fourth person to accept Islam upon invitation of Abu Bakr As Siddique رضی الله عنهُ. Thus he learned with the Prophet from the very beginning of Islam and faced much prosecution at the hands of his family and clansman. The Prophet صلی الله علیهِ وآله وسلم loved Uthman رضی الله عنهُ so much so that he gave two of his daughters in marriage to him, earning him the title Dhun-Noorayn (carrier of 2 lights). Prophet said after the death of his second wife that if he had a third daughter he would have given her to Uthman رضی الله عنهُ as well. The Prophet gave glad tidings of paradise to Uthman رضی الله عنهُ saying that whatever he does after today will not harm him. During his caliphate the Islamic empire spread far east into Azerbaijan and south into North African and Nubia to name a few. During this time there were many achievements made in the Islamic empire including many canals, guest houses at different way points, and building of a much stronger Muslim army. He also established judicial and financial institutions to strengthen the Islamic empire. The last few years of his caliphate were however filled with great trials, which eventually led to his murder and division of the Muslim Ummah.


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South at The Landmark
View Our Menu
In the fall of 2008 Comedy Works opened a second location at The Landmark in Greenwood Village. Located just off I-25 between Belleview and Orchard, this state-of-the-art venue carries on Comedy Works' legendary reputation for providing world-class comedy, and so much more.
Lucy Restaurant is currently open for dinner on select nights and you can enjoy preferred seating in the showroom when you dine with us before the show. Lucy restaurant, located above the club on the 2nd floor of our building.
Lila B Lounge, is an intimate gathering spot, just steps from the DTC where you can socialize, drink and snack inside or out on our gorgeous patio. We offer a fantastic weekday happy hour and live music nightly.
In addition, the Curtis Ballroom, located on the 3rd floor, has created a buzz for being the venue of choice for hosting business functions, wedding parties, reunions, proms and private events. And best of all, plenty of free parking surrounds the club.
For more information, call us at 720-274-6800.


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As Earth revolves around the Sun, there are two moments each year when the Sun is exactly above the equator. These moments — called equinoxes — occur around March 20 or 21 and September 22 or 23. Equinox literally means "equal night," since the length of day and night is nearly equal in all parts of the world during the equinoxes.
The March equinox marks when the Northern Hemisphere starts to tilt toward the sun, which means longer, sunnier days. In the Northern Hemisphere, the March equinox is called the vernal equinox, because it signals the beginning of spring (vernal means fresh or new like the spring). The September equinox is called the autumnal equinox, because it marks the first day of fall (autumn).
When the Northern Hemisphere starts to tilt toward the sun in spring, the Southern Hemisphere starts to tilt away from the sun, signaling the start of fall. Thus, in the Southern Hemisphere, the March equinox is called the autumnal equinox, and the September equinox is called the vernal equinox.
People have celebrated the vernal equinox for centuries. For ancient cultures, the vernal equinox signaled that their food supplies would soon return. Early Egyptians even built the Great Sphinx so that it points directly toward the rising Sun on the day of the vernal equinox. In Christianity, the vernal equinox is significant, because Easter always falls on the first Sunday after the first full moon after the vernal equinox.
If you keep your eyes and ears open around the time of the vernal equinox, you're likely to hear or see people talking about a magical phenomenon that only occurs on that day. According to legend, the special astronomical properties of the vernal equinox make it possible to balance eggs on end.
So is there any truth to this popular legend? Nope! It's actually possible to balance eggs on end on any day of the year. It just takes a lot of patience and determination. There's nothing magical about the vernal equinox that makes it any easier to balance an egg on end.
You might be wondering how such an interesting and widespread legend got started. No one knows for sure, but some believe the Chinese may have started the practice of balancing eggs on end during the vernal equinox. Given that day and night are balanced at the time of the vernal equinox, it's possible that the Chinese chose a balanced egg as a symbolic representation of this astronomical phenomenon.


text: What is your medical diagnosis for this patient ? Many answers can be accepted in most of the cases uploaded in Spot Diagnosis section , I add the correct answer according to original story of the photo. This Pt. is complainting from Bloody Diarhea Hidden Content: Reply To See The Correct Answer , Or Wait 7 Days To See It. To find the correct answer : When you add a comment to the topic here , you will see the correct answer below the photo If you are not a member you can register for free Here : http://forum.facmedicine.com/login


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Hades: Modern Descendants by elda lore (L.B. Dunbar writing as)
Love isn't always a fairy tale; sometimes it's a nightmare.
Releasing: 10.24.16
PRE-ORDER SPECIAL -- 99cents
Amazon: http://amzn.to/2dnbZIq
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"Welcome to Hell."
Persephone Fields is just an average girl: beloved daughter and loyal friend. One night decides her Fate, when the prince of The Underworld becomes her savior and her kidnapper.
Hades has lived centuries in darkness and sin. When he decides to save the blonde goddess, he doesn't consider the ramifications of his decision to bring her into his realm.
Two worlds divided struggle to find friendship in a history of family discord beyond their control. When attraction blurs the line, questions result in choices of love or loyalty.
A modern twist of the classic myth: Hades and Persephone, this version incorporates the sensual tension of opposites divided by contemporary humanity and mythical underworlds. Also reminiscent of Romeo and Juliet, this is a love story ripe with desire.
Mature YA/NA Paranormal Romance.
#PNR #mythology #NA #coverreveal #preorder #99cents


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Association For Molecular Pathology et al v. United States Patent and Trademark Office et al
Filing 200
MOTION for Leave to File Amici Curiae. Document filed by Rosetta Genomics, Ltd., Rosetta Genomics, Ltd., Rosetta Genomics, Inc., George Mason University. (Attachments: # 1 Proposed Order)(Scher, Robert)
Disclaimer: Justia Dockets & Filings provides public litigation records from the federal appellate and district courts. These filings and docket sheets should not be considered findings of fact or liability, nor do they necessarily reflect the view of Justia.


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Published August 29, 2014
For the past half-century, and particularly since the 1983 "Nation at Risk" report, Americans have been heaving great sacks of money at schools. Federal spending alone has tripled since the 1970s. The New York Times calculates that the federal government now spends $107.6 billion on education yearly, which is layered over an estimated $524.7 billion spent by states and localities. (Source: National Center for Education Statistics.)
Reformers have urged — depending upon where they stand ideologically — smaller class sizes, more accountability, merit pay for teachers, and educational choice. Each year seems to bring a new fad: child-centered learning; new math; cooperative learning; and so forth. The No Child Left Behind reform focused on testing. There have been proposals to repeal teacher tenure and to provide every child with a laptop. And always there are fights over curriculum — the Common Core being the controversy du jour.
But perhaps the most promising thinking about education arises from the discovery of economist Erik Hanushek that the most important factor in student performance is the quality of the teacher. Not class size. Not spending per pupil. Not even curriculum.
Our system produces some great teachers, but only by luck. Each year, 400,000 new teachers enter American classrooms, many knowing little about the nuts and bolts of teaching. As Elizabeth Green argues in her new book, Building a Better Teacher: How Teaching Works (and How to Teach It to Everyone), our education schools do not teach the mechanics of teaching — how to control a classroom, how to engage students' imaginations, how to check for understanding. They've been sidetracked by educational psychology and fads at the expense of teaching how to teach.
Green cites "education entrepreneurs" including Doug Lemov, author of Teach Like a Champion, and Deborah Loewenberg Ball, now dean of the University of Michigan's school of education, who focus on helping ordinary teachers become great.
Lemov, an education reformer and consultant, was struck by something he found when he pored over statistics from the state of New York. While the correlation between zip codes and educational success was notable, there were always outliers — schools or classrooms in which even kids from impoverished backgrounds were doing well. Lemov zeroed in on those schools and those particular teachers.
The result is indicated in the subtitle of his book: "49 Techniques That Put Students on the Path to College." Some of the techniques are inspired, others are quotidian but still important (like how not to waste time pleading for responses). The point is that teaching is a performance every day, which is not easy. Teachers must spark the interest and keep the attention of their students (who bring all kinds of troubles from home), encourage the weak ones along with the strong, maintain discipline, and build a sense of team spirit. Lemov doesn't believe that anyone can be a great teacher, but he does think that with coaching and mentoring, good teachers can become great.
Some of Lemov's proven techniques will not surprise educational traditionalists. He believes in drilling, though he calls it "muscle memory." A great teacher will drill arithmetic skills, for example, until they are second nature, so that students needn't stumble over the easy stuff when they get to algebra and geometry. (Education schools had disdained this as "drill and kill.") Another technique Lemov suggests is "cold calls" — that is, having the teacher choose students randomly rather than just those who raise their hands. Each child, knowing he might be called upon, must be ready. (It works in law schools.) A companion technique is "no opt out." If the child says he doesn't know, the teacher asks a related question to another student to narrow down the possible right answer and returns to the first child for a second chance.
There are broad suggestions about classroom management and more subtle and difficult challenges such as maintaining "emotional constancy," which is refraining from showing anger when a child gives the wrong answer. Anger will teach a child to try to hide his ignorance rather than accept it as a normal part of the learning enterprise.
Teaching is a craft. It may be among the hardest to master. Renewed attention to teaching teaching seems long overdue.
— Mona Charen is a nationally syndicated columnist and a senior fellow at the Ethics and Public Policy Center. © 2014 Creators Syndicate, Inc.


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There have been many observations recently about how authority is creeping deeper and deeper into our online world. It's not really new – it just seems to be receiving a little more attention lately. Google confirmed in 2010 that not only are links from Facebook and Twitter applied in rankings, but that they had started to consider the authority of the source of those links, as well. In part, that was because of perceived authority.
So I thought I'd share some ideas on building authority, both for yourself and for your business.
First, let me stress that authority isn't something that can be gamed to the extent that links have been. Think of it like letters of recommendation for a job you're interviewing for. What do you think would be more effective and convincing, if you were applying for the position of aide to a Senator in your state:
- Two letters from prominent people in a relevant niche, such as the Mayor of your city and a professor who is the Chair of the Political Science department at a leading university you attended;
- Fourteen letters from friend and family members.
Trust me… #2 isn't nearly as likely to get you to a second interview. Or for that matter, even the first.
Authority flows much the same way, although it will be much less formal than those letters. Usually, it will be no more than online interaction. though that make take place in a number of ways – some of which will probably carry less weight than others.
So I thought I'd share some ways in which I see this building of authority, as a process. Some of it is already well established technique and some of it is conjecture, based on common sense. The extent to which it will impact you or your brand is open to debate, of course, like most of Google's inner workings. None of it, however, can do you, your business or your site any harm, if used properly.
Oh… and it isn't really entirely new – we've all heard of branding, engagement and citations… this sort of wraps them together in one package and solidifies the benefits a bit.
How it "may" work
Here's how I see this working:
First of all, in a way that's similar to how a page can pass some PageRank via a link to another page, a page that's considered to have some authority can pass on some authority to another page, as well. But taking it a step further, an individual that's considered to have some authority in his niche can pass on some authority to a page (or to an individual) that's relevant to his niche, as well.
Now, remember, I said there's a certain amount of conjecture in all this, but stay with me…
Let's say that Dr. Michio Kaku, a prominent theoretical physicist, sees my comment on a physics forum and responds to me. We go back and forth half a dozen times, and he ends up following me on Twitter and even comments on my physics blog.
Since Dr. Kaku is a highly respected man in physics circles (he's the co-author of String Theory), it stands to reason when he decides to pay attention to someone (or something), it might lend some credibility to that person (or page). So his repeated interaction with me, or following me on Quora, might allow just a tiny bit of his credibility to rub off on me, just as his comments on my physics blog might pass some authority to it.
Of course, if his comments were placed on my SEO blog, they wouldn't carry much weight. He probably knows as little about SEO as I do about quarks, so there's no relevance. He doesn't have any SEO authority to offer and my SEO blog doesn't deserve any physics authority.
Now here's where I think it gets a little more complicated. Supposing for a moment that the good Dr. found my physics-related comments so enlightening that he was drawn to strike up a conversation and pass me some of that wondrous authority juice of his. That would supposedly give me some aura of authority (in the physics niche) which I could share a bit of with others in that niche via our interactions.
But the next morning, when I stop by and comment on someone's cooking blog, that physics authority would be next to worthless. Quarks are pretty hot stuff, after all, but trust me, they don't do a darned thing for a fondue or a French pastry.
So authority must be niche-specific, whether we're talking about people or pages (both of which are just entities, don't forget). And if that's true, then any authority I might have would have to be categorized. In my case, my interests are politics, SEO, physics, country music, law enforcement, business management, journalism, car restoration, and more. Crap! That could get complicated, keeping all those pockets of authority segregated.
Incoming and outgoing authority would have to be applied to the right areas, which complicates things quite a bit. Then, there would probably be instances in which some sort of aggregate authority might be handy. All in all, a fairly complex process, that I suspect might call for an algorithm that could dwarf any other single algo Google is presently running.
So…. IF this is right…
In your niche, start reaching out. That doesn't mean just re-tweeting someone, or following behind them like a puppy, leaving "I agree" or "Great point!" comments. Folks that are authorities in their fields aren't fond of two-legged puppies… they like thoughtful, meaningful discussion and intelligent questions. If you want to brand yourself, try not to pick the brand of an idiot or a camp follower.
You can reach out in social media channels, on forums, on their blogs or other blogs they frequent, comment on articles they write, posts on Google+, in webinars… just make every single interaction with them be the sort of thing that will hopefully make them think you're worth interacting with. Make every tweet and comment count, as though it was your one and only opportunity.
And don't pick out just two or three prominent individuals in your field and stalk them! That's a recipe for disaster. If you're not already reading a LOT of different sources in your niche, START! And never stop! You'll bump into more people, many of whom will have knowledge to share.
Which, of course, will be of tremendous benefit when you're trying to say something interesting and intelligent. Because you'll have learned something with all that reading.
Who knows? Given a little time, you may become an authority yourself, and find people reaching out to you.
All of this can affect your business name and your website as much as you, personally (again… all are entities), so everything you publish should be as carefully crafted as any comments you drop here and there. Maybe you'll gain a comment from someone with some authority, maybe they'll even link to you. One thing is sure, though… if you get lazy and publish garbage, the impression you give won't be the sort to attract attention.
My conclusion
I don't think links are disappearing. And I don't think PageRank is disappearing, either, at least not yet. But I am sure that Google is leaning heavily toward a more authority and relevance based approach to assigning rank to entities. And I think they would dearly LOVE to be able to do away with all the gaming of links and PageRank that's been plaguing the Internet for years. This could be a big step in the right direction.
By now, you should already have realized that inbound links from garbage sites can spell disaster… doesn't it stand to reason that quality in establishing relevance and authority for an entity will receive at least as much attention?


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WASHINGTON — A bipartisan Senate report released Tuesday affirms the U.S. intelligence community's conclusions that Russia interfered in the 2016 presidential election in a far-ranging influence campaign approved by Russian President Vladimir Putin and aimed at helping Donald Trump win the White House.
The report rejects Trump's claims that the intelligence community was biased against him when it concluded that Russia had interfered on his behalf in the election. It says instead that intelligence officials had specific information that Russia preferred Trump in the election, that it sought to denigrate Democratic opponent Hillary Clinton and that Putin had "approved and directed aspects" of the Kremlin's influence campaign.
The heavily-redacted report from the Senate Intelligence Committee is part of the panel's more than three-year investigation into Russian interference. Intelligence agencies concluded in January 2017 that Russians had engaged in cyber-espionage and distributed messages through Russian-controlled propaganda outlets to undermine public faith in the democratic process, hurt Clinton and aid Trump, who ultimately became president.
Trump has repeatedly questioned the assessment, which was also endorsed by former special counsel Robert Mueller in his report last year. Mueller concluded that Russian interference was "sweeping and systematic," but he did not allege a criminal conspiracy between Russia and the Trump campaign.
Senate Intelligence Committee Chairman Richard Burr, R-N.C., said in a statement that his panel "found no reason to dispute" the intelligence community's conclusions, saying they reflected strong tradecraft and analytical reasoning.
He said the agencies' conclusion that such election interference is "the new normal" has been borne out in the three years since it was published.
"With the 2020 presidential election approaching, it's more important than ever that we remain vigilant against the threat of interference from hostile foreign actors," Burr said.
The Senate report calls the agencies' assessment an "impressive accomplishment" and endorses its core conclusions that Russia had interfered on a grand scale in the election and that Putin directed the interference.
"The Committee found that specific intelligence as well as open source assessments support the assessment that President Putin approved and directed aspects of this influence campaign," the Senate report states.
The panel said it found that the intelligence community had presented sufficient information to support its conclusion that Russia had developed a preference for Trump over Clinton in the election. The report says intelligence officials "consistently" told the committee in interviews that they were under no political pressure to reach their conclusions.
The Senate investigation also delved into an internal debate at the time about how and whether to incorporate into the intelligence community assessment details from a dossier of research from a former British spy, Christopher Steele, that the FBI relied on as it sought warrants to eavesdrop on a former Trump campaign aide.
Officials eventually decided to include the information as a two-page annex to the most classified version of the assessment. The Senate says the information from Steele was not used in the body of the assessment or to "support any of its analytic judgments."
Former FBI Director James Comey said in response to questioning from Burr: "I insisted that we bring it to the party, and I was agnostic as to whether it was footnoted in the document itself, put as an annex."
FBI officials told the Senate committee in interviews that they "would have had a major problem if Annex A had not been included," according to the report. The FBI, the report says, believed they "had to put everything in."
The dossier has come under additional scrutiny within the last week, as newly declassified footnotes from a Justice Department inspector general report raise the prospect that Russian disinformation made its way into the research files.
While largely praising the assessment, the Senate report does say it could have done a better job of looking at previous election interference. It says the agencies presented a clear argument that such meddling was unprecedented, but did not adequately analyze interference from the 2008 and 2012 presidential elections, as it says former President Barack Obama had asked them to do.
The committee's top Democrat, Virginia Sen. Mark Warner, said in a statement that the agencies' assessment represents "the kind of unbiased and professional work we expect and require from the intelligence community." Warner said the country should not be caught unprepared again.
Another Democrat on the panel, Oregon Sen. Ron Wyden, added his own, more blunt, comments in a statement at the end of the report. He said the committee's work makes clear the intelligence community's findings on Russian interference are "not a 'hoax'" just because Putin denies it.
"Russian interference in the 2016 election is a fact, and Donald Trump's deference to Putin only serves to further Russian disinformation and undermine efforts to defend the United States against ongoing attacks," Wyden wrote.
The final report comes almost two years after the panel first released its findings agreeing with the intelligence community's 2017 conclusions. Its release was delayed as intelligence agencies reviewed it for declassification, and much of it remains redacted. To write the report, the committee reviewed thousands of pages of documents and conducted interviews with intelligence officials.
This is the fourth of five reports the Senate panel will release on the subject. Previous investigations reviewed Russian efforts to breach state election systems and manipulate social media, and made recommendations to prevent more interference in the future. Another examined the mistakes of the Obama administration as Russia interfered.
The committee's fifth, and final, report will examine counterintelligence findings, including whether Trump's campaign conspired with Russia. It's unclear when that will be released.


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The San Francisco Suicide Club was an idea conceived by the late Gary Warne, and existed from 1977 to 1982 in San Francisco.
You are cordially invited to read about it here on Wikipedia:
Wikipedia article: San Francisco Suicide Club
What follows is the original historical material as originally presented in 1977:
Have you ever explored a subterranean sewer at night with forty other people; climbed three stories on a swinging rope ladder to dine on the roof of a condemned building; staged practical jokes you've always fantasized about?
No…? How about infiltrating a cult or talking a policeman into hitting you with a pie? Well… we hadn't either.
The surviving members of the S.F. SUICIDE CLUB have agreed to EXPERIENCE THINGS THEY HAVEN'T EXPERIENCED BEFORE. In most cases they are challenges that we wouldn't or couldn't do alone because of the danger or need for team work. A large group also provides more investigators into the unknown, as uncovering mystery and adventure in the 20th Century requires a lot more detective work. Events generally fall into three categories: Adventures, infiltrations, and stunts. As you may notice in the above emphasized phrase, no WHY or PHILOSOPHY is attached…


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Among that flurry of executive orders, President Biden signed several aimed at trying to jump-start the fight against the virus. He's also touting his administration's 200-page battle plan. NPR health correspondent Rob Stein joins us now. Rob, thanks for being with us.
ROB STEIN, BYLINE: My pleasure, Scott.
SIMON: A really different tone from the White House about the pandemic from what we heard just a few days ago in a previous administration. Are there changes of action to go along with the rhetoric?
STEIN: Well, you know, it certainly represents a dramatic change of tone. As we all know, the Trump administration consistently downplayed the pandemic and essentially punted much of the fight against the virus to the states. That led to a disorganized patchwork response widely considered to be a big reason why the U.S. became the epicenter of the pandemic.
In contrast, the Biden administration is warning in stark terms that COVID-19 is the gravest threat to the nation and promising that the federal government will take a much more aggressive, you know, nationally coordinated approach from everything from testing to vaccines instead of leaving the states to fend for themselves.
As an example, instead of ridiculing people who wear masks, Biden issued a mask mandate on federal property and for interstate travel and immediately unleashed federal scientists like Dr. Anthony Fauci instead of sidelining them. Here's Dr. Fauci on All Things Considered last night when he was asked his reaction when told everything at the White House would be based on science.
ANTHONY FAUCI: I said, do I - hallelujah, you know? That's a very liberating feeling, where people don't have to be worried about when you're saying something that you're going to get pushback from your own team.
STEIN: But you know, Scott, we'll have to see where this translates into meaningful action, you know, especially if Congress doesn't come up with the billions of dollars needed to pay for all of this.
SIMON: Of course, one of the promises the Biden administration has made is to essentially kick-start the vaccination campaign. What does that look like?
STEIN: Yeah. You know, there's been a lot of confusion and frustration about the vaccination campaign so far. The federal government has distributed more than 39 million doses of vaccine, but the CDC says only about 19 million doses have actually gotten into people's arms.
The new administration is promising to administer at least 100 million doses in the first 100 days and planning a number of steps to try to make that happen, including enlisting FEMA to run as many as a hundred mass vaccination sites around the country and invoking the Defense Production Act to make sure there are enough supplies, such as, you know, syringes to extract every last dose from every vial.
SIMON: Rob, 100 million doses in 100 days - I mean, it is a lot, but is it enough?
STEIN: Yeah. So, you know, some say it isn't fast enough, you know, that the U.S. should be shooting for double or maybe even triple that to beat back the virus, especially when we've already hit about a million shots a day by now. You know, and while the pandemic looks like it may finally have stopped accelerating in the U.S., tens of thousands of people are still getting infected. Thousands are still dying every day. So the country is still in a race with this virus to try to save as many lives as possible. And the virus could easily surge again if the vaccination campaign doesn't finally speed up, if people aren't careful and if any of those new, more contagious strains take off.
SIMON: And there are some new worries about the U.K. strain, right? Could you tell us?
STEIN: Yeah, yeah, yeah. The British government just announced that in addition to being more contagious, the U.K. variant may actually be more deadly, too. Now, the evidence for that at this point isn't that strong, but it's just another reason why it's important for people not to let down their guard and that the country vaccinate as many people as fast as possible.
SIMON: NPR health correspondent Rob Stein, thanks so much.
STEIN: You bet, Scott. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


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Dear Fellow Ethiopian Brothers and Sisters,
I'm the Executive Director SMNE (
Can each of us take responsibility to show self-control and restraint at a time where an emotional eruption of aggression could ignite a series of reactions that explode out of control? I call on Ethiopians to remain calm so we do not sacrifice our moral high ground and the larger issues at hand in exchange for the short-lived satisfaction of anger, vengeance or destruction that backfires and undermines our larger, more important goals. Please remember, the distance between aggressors and victims becomes less as victims retaliate without regard for what is right and wrong. How then are we different from those we blame for harms done to us?
The journey we are on as Ethiopians is together. For the sake of the country and for the sake of the 100,000,000 million lives, we are at a critical moment with much at stake. If we choose violence and destruction, we all could lose much more than we can imagine— both personally and as a nation. Such violence could also cause us to lose our legitimacy as a movement for freedom and justice, to the benefit of the TPLF/EPRDF, and in doing so, we could lose sight of who we are as people.
The main audience I seek to reach today is the individual person— not the leaders, not ethnic groups, not political groups or other organizations; it is about you, your family, your children, your community, your ethnic group, your descendants and your country. Individual choices make a difference.
The current ethnic apartheid regime of the TPLF cares about itself; but, they have failed in their responsibility to the people of Ethiopia. They want to milk the cow but not feed it. How can we pull together to be different? Our history gives examples of overcoming threats from outside enemies, like when Italy sought to colonize Ethiopia; but now, we face inner threats from our own people. The TPLF are us, but they do not accept the rest of us as part of them. However, others from within Ethiopia, just like the TPLF, are also threatening our destruction. At the same time, they are also excluding the majority of people as they instead pursue their own goals and ambitions for power.
Is this where we want to go as a people? Do Ethiopians want to support the disintegration of their own country? What would be the purpose of it? Could we ever replace the lives lost, the suffering of the vulnerable, the lost generation of children disrupted and displaced, the destruction of infrastructure and the trauma and reaction of many, all leading to a cycle of retaliation in the next generation? Who are we to be as people? How can we stand up for what is right?
For Ethiopians to bring more sustainable change to Ethiopia that will benefit the people without regard to ethnicity, religion, political view, gender, region or other differences— Putting humanity before any other distinction— we must uphold, by law and practice, the value of every life. To assure one's own freedom and justice, we must uphold the freedom and justice of others, again, without regard to being part of a certain preferred ethnocentric group— for no one will be free until all are free. However, some want to block this from happening.
If the TPLF can be accused of being ethnocentric; how about others who agree with them? How can we respond when another ethnocentric group claims: "What we need now is not the democratization of Ethiopia but the disintegration of Ethiopia"? This kind of thinking is what is a threat to each of us, to our families, communities, ethnic groups descendants and nation. It must be confronted, condemned and challenged. Also, it must be done in a peaceful and respectful way; not forgetting that one person from an ethnic group is an individual and cannot necessarily speak for the entire group. Many others within the same ethnic group will vehemently disagree with others from within their own groups. Where do you stand? This is why I am sending this open letter. We need to think and discuss these issues.
Let us reflect more deeply on the history of Ethiopia. On two different occasions, we were challenged by Italians. They were humiliated following their first defeat at Adwa in 1896; especially because they thought they would easily overpower the "lesser forces" of Ethiopia. The embarrassment from that failure fueled another attempt during the years 1935 to 1941 when the Italian fascist forces tried to "finish the job" of the colonization of Ethiopia. Again, they were defeated. One of the reasons why they lost was because Ethiopians came together with a common vision and agenda. The Italians tried to defeat Ethiopia by dividing the Amhara from the Oromo. Does this sound familiar? These foreigners almost succeeded, but thanks to some who spoke out, many Ethiopians began to see through the deception and manipulation.
Look at this explanation as told in an
"Jagama explained why the Italian was not successful to instigate Oromo against Amhara resident in his area. He said that his uncle convinced the locals Oromo not to listen the enemy propaganda by telling them with very interesting example. The uncle told the people: here is grain of white Teff and black Teff and mix up. Once it is mixed up we cannot separate them back to white and black teff. Oromo and Amhara people lived together for generations. As we are not able to separate the "sergegh" grain, we cannot separate Amhara from Oromo. He told them we are one untied Ethiopian. His explanations were very effective, and prevented the killings. Jagama is an Oromo origin but understood the true meaning of Ethiopianess. He served Ethiopia's best interest as an Ethiopian hero. He gave unquestionable sacrifice for freedom, national unity and integrity of Ethiopia. This gracious man has demonstrated a true nationalist stand. He believed that Ethiopianet is first and other things such as birth or buried places or languages are all a coincidence for him".
On the other hand, the Italians were successful in finding collaborators or traitors through money and the lure of power and ambition. Among them, allegedly, were the parent(s) of some of the members of TPLF Central Committee according to Gebremedhim Araya, in his article:
The same tactics of divide and conquer, particularly in regard to the Amhara and Oromo are also obviously being carried out as modeled by the Italians of the past. Will the Amhara and Oromo fall for it this time? Getachew Reda, Ethiopian Minister of Communication recently said the Amhara and Oromo will never be unified because they are like "hay and fire," but that is what he hopes. Instead, are the Amhara and Oromo of today more like the mix of white and black Teff Jamaga describes that brought them into the unified front that defeated the invasion by the Italians?
Both the Italians and the TPLF have used collaborators and fomented division to attempt to achieve the internal colonization of Ethiopia. Are we smart and perceptive enough to see what is happening now? Or, are we so ambitious for our own ethnic group or for our own personal power that we try to take captive our ethnic groups so as to support ethnocentrism for ourselves once again?
What was the effect on the children of Italian traitors after their betrayal of Ethiopia failed? Was there a way for the children of the next generation to recover? There may have been legitimate grievances rather than pure opportunism; yet, the shame that followed may have been deep and unbearable, creating an incentive to blame and hate everything "Ethiopian." and actively try to destroy it. Were whole groups of people punished for the actions of the collaborators? Is there a deep wound and bitterness that has never been resolved through reconciliation? Is it time to do that now? We also must be cautious not to fall into the traps laid by the hurts, wounds, prejudices, punitive marginalization and justifications of our past so the past does not control the present; because if it does, the present decision will be burdened with baggage from the past, affecting our future. Get it?
Is the present TPLF Central Committee, along with others, finishing the job for their fathers in retaliation for the condemnation of others? Is the pursuit of wealth without regard to one's conscience a means of diversion and escape from the intergenerational shame and burden of the past? This burden must be lifted. It is now 2016, NOT 1896 or 1936. There is a way to come together as one people, the people of Ethiopia— to forgive and reconcile. However, it is NOT through the destruction and disintegration of our beloved country! Furthermore, the descendants of these collaborators or traitors are not the only ones facing intergenerational burdens, wounds, failures, grudges, bitterness and mistakes of the past that need healing, forgiveness and reconciliation. There are many more of us around from different ethnic and religious groups who need the same. We cannot boast, but instead, we must show humility and a willingness to come together for the betterment all.
The challenge before us is huge and cannot be resolved with uncontrolled emotion, but requires patience, determination, wisdom, and a willingness to reach out to others. It requires sophistication and sacrifice for the greater good of all. Especially now, if we follow the impulse of emotions rather than a reasonable and larger viewpoint, we may choose to follow the model of Syria, Yemen and Libya. This is where the country is heading unless we are careful and take concrete and decisive action to right the wrongs and to not make new mistakes.
The people should determine what kind of government they want, reclaiming their independence, rather than have internal or external opportunistic forces influence our decisions so we forsake the best for our future. Some may initially feel the anger that drives us to repeat the past, but we should not settle for that. No way does Ethiopia need another ethnocentric or dictatorial regime. Ethiopians should raise high the banner of principles. We should unite around common values, condemn the violence, and make sure no other ethnocentric group or dictatorship climbs to power to assert a claim that it is "our turn to eat." Ethnic policies isolate people; just look at our current dilemma.
Ethiopia needs nothing less than a country founded on universal principles that respect the well being of all. Our people have the responsibility to reject the ideas of those promoting destruction, a narrow ethnic-centric solution, division of the people and opportunistic power grabs by persons or groups. You must decide. We have to create the structure to make it happen—building institutions and supporting a leadership that is grounded on principles.
I call on Ethiopians to come out from wherever you are to be part of a movement for the people, by the people and of the people. Say "no" to anyone who wants to recycle Italian tactics or to a "one tribe take all" power structure. These are defeating and dividing us from the inside and must stop. Join the movement. Worrying and not doing anything is not good enough. Claiming you love Ethiopia and not doing anything to stop the threat is not enough.
Ethiopia is in a critical state and must confront the threat of inside destruction. We will rot from the inside out if we do not rise above destructive, self-centered politics to embrace the rights, dignity and worth of others. These are God-given values that will reap more than we can imagine in bringing about a healthier, more free, more just, more life-affirming and more prosperous Ethiopia for all that we can proudly pass on to future generations.
May the Almighty God/Allah protect our people and country from all kind of enemies internal and external.
Sincerely yours,
Obang Metho
Executive Director of the SMNE
Email: email@example.com
Website: www.solidaritymovement.org


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In recent years, the debate over immigration has been portrayed in large part as a battle between immigrant-tolerant blue states and regions and their less welcoming red counterparts. Yet increasingly, it appears that red states in the interior and the south may actually have more to gain from liberalized immigration than many blue state bastions.
Indeed an analysis of foreign born population by demographer Wendell Cox reveals that the fastest growth in the numbers of newcomers are actually in cities (metropolitan areas) not usually seen as immigrant hubs. The fastest growth in population of foreign born residents–more than doubling over the decade was #1 Nashville, a place more traditionally linked to country music than ethnic diversity. Today besides the Grand Old Opry, the city also boasts the nation's largest Kurdish population, and a thriving "Little Kurdistan," as well as growing Mexican, Somali and other immigrant enclaves.
Other cities are equally surprising, including #2 Birmingham, AL; #3 Indianapolis, IN; #4 Louisville, KY and#5 Charlotte, NC, all of which doubled their foreign born population between 2000 and 2011. Right behind them are #6 Richmond,VA, #7 Raleigh,NC , #8 Orlando, Fl, #9 Jacksonville,Fl and #10 Columbus, OH. All these states either voted for Mitt Romney last year or have state governments under Republican control. None easily fit the impression of liberally minded immigrant attracting bastions from only a decade ago.
Although the New York metropolitan area still has the greatest numeric growth in immigrants since 2000, a net gain of more than 600,000, there's no question that the momentum lies with these fast growing immigrant hubs.The reasons are not too difficult to fathom. In the modern global economy, migrants represent the veritable "canaries in the coalmine". They go to economic opportunities are often the greatest, which often means thriving places like Nashville, Raleigh, Charlotte, Columbus or #11 Austin, TX. Housing prices and business climate also seem to be a factor here; all these areas have lower home prices relative to income than many traditional immigrant hubs.
As a result, many immigrants are moving from their traditional "comfort zone" cities with historical larger immigrant populations — New York, Los Angeles, San Francisco and Chicago — to generally faster growing, more affordable cities.
This is drastically reshaping the demographic future of the country. Over the past decade the increase in foreign born residents accounted for 44% of the nation's overall population growth rate. With the U.S. birthrate heading downwards, at least for now, immigration represents perhaps the one way regions can boost their populations and energize their economies. It may be America's biggest hope as well in keeping Social Security and Medicare from collapse.
Ironically, even as they migrate elsewhere, immigrants also may prove particularly critical in some of our older cities. Newcomers have been vital to maintaining population growth or at least fending off stagnation. Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Chicago and San Francisco metros have maintained enough growth among the foreign born to keep going negative due to significant losses in net domestic migration. Yet even among biggest metros the biggest growth has been among lower-cost, until fairly recently largely native-born, regions such as Houston, Dallas-Fort Worth and Atlanta.
The impact on these areas is likely to be profound over time. Urbanists like to speak about the "great inversion" of upper-class professionals to cities, but it's really the immigrants who provide the demographic and economic momentum for our largest metros. This point may be missed because many times immigrants — unlike the much cherished (and much publicized) hip, cool, largely white professionals — often do not choose to live in the overpriced, crowded urban core (although some may have businesses there).
Instead immigrants tend to cluster in the less dense, more affordable and spacious periphery, where their "American dream" of a single family house is often far more achievable. In Southern California, for example, decidedly exurban #25 San Bernardino Riverside added three times as many foreign born than long-time immigrant hub Los Angeles, despite having only one-third the total popoulation. Los Angeles actually recorded the smallest percentage growth in foreign born of any major U.S. metro.
Over time, the immigrant impact may prove greatest in terms of economics. Immigrants, in a word, tend to be resilient, and opportunistic by nature. Although many immigrants and their offspring still lag behind economically, over time they appear to be integrating. Overall their rate of home ownership still lags that of native born Americans, but appears to have held up better since the recession.
Nowhere is the impact greater than in the entrepreneurial sector. Between 1982 and 2007, the number of businesses owned by the primary immigrant groups, Asian Americans and Hispanics grew by 545% and 696% respectfully. In contrast businesses owned by whites grew by only 81%.
Perhaps more important still, even in the midst of the recession, newcomers continued to form businesses at a record rate, even as those by native-born entrepreneurs declined. The immigrant share of all new businesses, notes Kauffman, more than doubled from from 13.4% in 1996 to 29.5% in 2010.
Some emerging tech centers are particularly dependent on foreign born migration as evidenced by rapid growth in Raleigh, Austin and Columbus. Established tech centers like San Jose, San Francisco and Seattle also all have large foreign born populations. Overall immigrants are responsible for roughly a quarter of all high-tech start ups .
Much of this can be attributed to Asians, who constitute over 40%of all newcomers andnow stand as the fastest growing immigrant group. They now account for roughly twenty percent of all tech workers, four times their percentage of the population.
Yet these impacts will be felt well beyond the tech community. Professionals of all kinds are moving in record numbers from the riskier political environment and pollution of China, seeking places where they can use their skills most effectively. Immigrants also play an increasingly important role in such less tech oriented industries, from the garment, carpet and furniture industries as well as small scale retail enterprise.
Newcomers also are playing a major role in the reviving housing market, particularly in places such as New York, Los Angeles, Miami, Phoenix and the Bay Area. A house that might seem outrageously overpriced to the average American family might seem rather a bargain if you are coming from Hong Kong, Beijing or Shanghai.
It is likely that, if sensible reform is passed, these impacts will begin to extend to other parts of country — such as Cleveland, Milwaukee and Memphis — that still get very little new foreign immigration. Like Houston in the 1990s, these areas have affordable housing to attract newcomers and, with any resurgence of economic growth, could provide opportunities for up and coming immigrants. A decade ago, after all, who would have seen Nashville, the ultimate symbol of our country heritage, as a rising immigrant hub?
Joel Kotkin is executive editor of NewGeography.com and a distinguished presidential fellow in urban futures at Chapman University, and a member of the editorial board of the Orange County Register. He is author of The City: A Global History and The Next Hundred Million: America in 2050. His most recent study, The Rise of Postfamilialism, has been widely discussed and distributed internationally. He lives in Los Angeles, CA.
This piece originally appeared in Forbes.


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Why is the Government Installing Mysterious Boxes On Utility Poles?
Derrick Broze, Guest
Waking Times
The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms and Explosives has claimed ownership of a mysterious box that was removed from a utility pole in Phoenix, Arizona.
Phoenix resident Brian Clegg was concerned about a box he witnessed being installed on a power pole. Clegg said the box was facing his house and he believed it may have had cameras inside. The pole was owned by Arizona's largest power provider, SRP, who claimed no one had permission to put the box on their pole. Brian Clegg says shortly afterwards SRP sent a crew to remove the box.
Shortly after ABC15 investigated the matter, the bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms and Explosives(ATF), a branch of the U.S. Department of Justice, acknowledged installing the box as part of an ongoing investigation. Officials with the ATF would not provide details about their alleged investigation and would not confirm if they were conducting surveillance in the area.
"I don't feel safer," said Brian Clegg. "I feel that my privacy has been violated."
SRP told ABC15 they were unaware the box had been installed and that the ATF has to notify them if they are going install something on their property. The ATF told ABC15 they can put security measures in place without asking for permission. Obviously the federal government feels comfortable doing whatever it wants to do, whenever it wants to, law be damned.
One other interesting aspect of Clegg's story is the fact that he claims the crew who installed the box came in a truck marked "Field Pros." The thought of undercover government agents installing surveillance equipment while masquerading as utility workers is highly disturbing and sounds like a scene right out of a Hollywood film. Unfortunately, Phoenix is not the only city to have surveillance equipment installed by an agency of the federal government.
In November 2013, Seattle residents pushed back against the installation of several mesh network nodes attached to utility poles around the downtown area. The nodes were purchased by the Seattle Police Department via a $2.7 million grant from the Department of Homeland Security. The American Civil Liberties Union of Washington and privacy advocates were immediately concerned about the ability of the nodes to gather user information via the Wi-Fi connection.
"How accurately can it geo-locate and track the movements of your phone, laptop, or any other wireless device by its MAC address? Can the network send that information to a database, allowing the SPD to reconstruct who was where at any given time, on any given day, without a warrant? Can the network see you now?" asked Seattle newspaper The Stranger.
Initially the Seattle PD was reluctant to speak about the network. However, the police ultimately yielded to public opinion and decided, "the wireless mesh network will be deactivated until city council approves a draft policy and until there's an opportunity for vigorous public debate."
Although the situation in Seattle played out in favor of the people, we must recognize that there is a growing partnership between the surveillance agencies of the federal government and the increasingly militarized local police forces in the United States. As Activist Post previously reported, a new policy from the Obama administration will make it easier for the NSA to share information between law enforcement agencies with very little oversight.
According to the New York Times:
The Obama administration is on the verge of permitting the National Security Agency to share more of the private communications it intercepts with other American intelligence agencies without first applying any privacy protections to them, according to officials familiar with the deliberations.
The new rule changes would allow federal agencies such as the FBI to access streams of information gathered by the spy agency, "including emails, phone calls and location data." These federal agencies would then have the ability to pass the data to state and local law enforcement. As the Times points out, "all of this can happen without any congressional or judicial oversight under a Reagan era executive order known as EO 12333."
The rule change by the Obama administration is only one of several tools that both local police and federal agencies have at their disposal. From drones to stingrays, gunshot detectors and automatic license plate readers – the State has an arsenal of spy equipment. How can the free hearts and minds of the world live free, happy, and abundant lives with the ever-present eyes and ears of Big Brother? We must educate ourselves about the tools used for surveillance and oppression and begin working to redirect the technology at the tyrants. We must persevere, be courageous, and shine a light on the darkness.
About the Author
Derrick Broze is an investigative journalist and liberty activist. He is the Lead Investigative Reporter for ActivistPost.com and the founder of the TheConsciousResistance.com. Follow him on Twitter. Derrick is available for interviews.


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We live between the act of awakening and the act of surrender. Each morning we awaken to the light and the invitation to a new day in the world of time; each night we surrender to the dark to be taken to play in the world of dreams where time is no more. At birth we were awakened and emerged to become visible in the world. At death we will surrender again to the dark to become invisible. Awakening and surrender: they frame each day and each life; between them the journey where anything can happen, the beauty and the frailty
John O'Donohue


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Melmac Penis Envy. Cambodian. Blue Meanie. B+. Albino Penis Envy. Albino Treasure Coast. Avery's Albino. Costa Rican. Microdosing shrooms. Edibles. Dried magic mushrooms. Only genuine psilocybin mushroom products are sold on our site. When you buy shrooms online in Hampton from our dispensary, rest assured that all the strains have been tested to ensure they are correct. Your order will come with a tracking number for your convenience. We guarantee that the psilocybin products you buy online at Get Magic Mushrooms will arrive safely in discreet packaging at your destination in the Province of New Brunswick, Canada. Customer support is ready for you and standing by if you have any questions. Email us at firstname.lastname@example.com or visit the contact us page for other options, including the convenient live chat which is at the bottom left of all pages on the dispensary.
We're here to help guide you and serve you with the highest quality shrooms you can buy online in the New Brunswick Province. Canadians living throughout Hampton buy psilocybin mushroom products from our dispensary and have them sent to either a PO Box or a residential address.
We are dedicated to ending the stigma surrounding magic mushrooms. We help accomplish this by educating the public on the benefits of magic mushrooms and how to use them safely and by providing general information on psilocybin so people understand why they were coined "magic" in the first place. Therefore, we encourage all of our customers to leave quality and informative reviews on the psilocybin products they buy online from our Hampton dispensary. As you can see, most of our products already have numerous reviews from real customers. These testimonials help you make the right choice when you buy magic mushrooms in Canada.
What Are Magic Mushrooms, aka Shrooms?
Magic mushrooms are a type of mushroom that contains either psilocybin or psilocin, which are the hallucinogenic components of the plants. Magic mushrooms are commonly referred to as shrooms. Shrooms are found in the wild, and more than 200 different species of magic mushrooms exist. While ancient manuscripts, traditions, and other artifacts date the use of these psychedelic plants to primitive history, the ingestion of magic mushrooms and knowledge about their effects did not bloom until the mid-1900s. It wasn't until some of the more prominent figures in the massive psychedelic research trend in the 1950s took a trip down to Mexico to find a shamanic woman who used magic mushrooms that they became popularized or known in Western culture.
What Are the Effects of Shrooms?
As with any hallucinogenic substance, the effects of magic mushrooms will vary from person to person. Before you buy shrooms in Hampton, you should be familiar with the effects of psilocybin and a little more about how these fungi work on the body.
- How do shrooms make you feel?
- Most people feel giggly, confused, excited, paranoid, anxious, or potentially overwhelmed, depending on the dose and the individual
- What are the bodily effects of magic mushrooms?
- Visual and audio hallucination, a "tripping" sensation, yawning, introspective experience, nausea
- How long do shrooms take to kick in?
- Magic mushrooms begin to take effect about 30 minutes following ingestion. If you want to take more, be sure you wait at least an hour to an hour and a half before you do so.
- How long do the effects of shrooms last?
- The effects of magic mushrooms typically last up to five hours, with considerably less intensity after about four hours.
- Are there risks associated with magic mushrooms?
- Psilocybin mushrooms are remarkably non-toxic. However, there is a chance you can have a bad trip, which is why it's crucial to have the right mindset and physical setting (set and setting) before taking them. Also, it is dangerous to go outdoors, pick wild mushrooms, and ingest them. Only take magic mushrooms you bought from a trusted dispensary in Hampton that ensures you have the strain and dose you intend to have. Another critical consideration is that magic mushrooms should never be taken with or combined with other drugs or substances, i.e., alcohol, cannabis, etc.
What is Microdosing Magic Mushrooms?
As the name implies, microdosing shrooms means taking a "mini" dose of psilocybin mushrooms. A typical microdose of mushrooms is about one-tenth or even one-twentieth of a standard dose that would elicit the effects of a "trip."
What are the benefits of microdose mushrooms? It's important to point out that a growing body of research is showing the practice of microdosing hallucinogens (taking small amounts that do not cause the auditory and visual hallucinations associated with a trip) can have profound effects on mental health and well-being of an individual. Many people are microdosing shrooms to experience fewer symptoms of anxiety, addiction, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and a variety of other mental health conditions in addition to improving overall mood.
How to Buy Microdose Mushrooms Online in Hampton
Buy microdosed psilocybin products from our online dispensary in Hampton. Here you will find various clean and safe options if you choose to microdose shrooms. Our microdose mushrooms shop page has products such as Happy Cap Small Microdose Capsules for people who want to experience this in the lowest doses. We also carry products such as Euphoria Psychedelics Mushroom Capsules that offer higher doses for more experienced microdosers. In addition to the capsules, we also have shrooms edibles in microdoses, such as Cubes Scooby Snacks. All of our products are ingested; therefore, as the leading shrooms dispensary in Canada, we follow all the best practices in the industry regarding handling, packaging, storing, and distributing safe food products.
What Are Shrooms Edibles?
Again, this title is also self-explanatory. Shrooms edibles are food products that contain the active ingredient in magic mushrooms – psilocybin. Dried shrooms have a distinct taste; many people enjoy the flavour, whereas others do not. This is one of the reasons edibles in this category have risen in popularity as some of the best-selling magic mushroom products on the Canadian market.
Just as cannabis edibles come in various forms, so do shrooms edibles. From users who make shroom tea or use them to top a pizza at home to those who prefer to buy pre-dosed magic mushroom edibles, there are many types. The possibilities are literally endless.
Where Can I Buy Psilocybin Edibles in Hampton?
At our magic mushroom dispensary in New Brunswick, Canada, you can shop a variety of mushroom edibles. Gummies are among the most popular shroom edibles in Canada at the moment. At Get Magic Mushrooms, one of our top-selling mushroom edibles is the Alice Mushroom Gummy in blue raspberry flavour. Gummies are not the only magic mushroom edibles flying off the shelves. You can also find sour candies, cookies, green tea, chews, and more.
Our selection of edible shroom products has been meticulously curated to bring you only the highest-quality goods in the industry at the lowest prices. We are proud to source only from licensed and certified manufacturers in New Brunswick that abide by the highest standards of practice in the industry. Furthermore, we understand our customers. We know that some people prefer shrooms edibles you eat and others enjoy magic mushroom edibles you drink. Therefore, we have various types to match our customer base's palates and preferences.
What Are Dried Magic Mushrooms?
Dried shrooms are simply magic mushrooms in their natural state. Considering there are more than 200 varieties of psilocybin-containing mushrooms, you can imagine that they will differ in appearance from one strain of shrooms to the next. However, in the most general terms, magic mushrooms are usually whitish or grey with or without greenish blue streaks along the stem and gold or copper-coloured top.
Where Can I Buy Dried Mushrooms in Hampton?
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What Are the Therapeutic Benefits of Magic Mushrooms?
Did you know that a single magic mushroom trip can help people overcome mental illness and addiction or even help them come to terms with their mortality? Incredible. Taking psilocybin mushrooms in microdoses has also shown profound therapeutic benefits. It has been proven to help people overcome struggles with mental illness, addiction, and other personal issues but via a different mechanism of action – low regular doses over a course of time – usually with a rotation of days on and days off. Furthermore, indigenous tribes and first nations people have been using magic mushrooms to enhance their spiritual journey and feel more connected to God or a higher power for centuries. Keeping in mind there are different practices used in the consumption of shrooms for therapeutic benefits, as mentioned as a trip, a microdose, or even in a shamanic ritual, below are some benefits of shrooms in those various practices:
- Helps in the treatment and management of depression
- Decreases alcohol, drug, and cigarette cravings and helps people manage or overcome chemical dependency
- Allows people with an existential fear of death or patients who are close to death to come to an acceptance of their own mortality
- Increases introspective reflection, which allows people to look at their lives through an unfiltered lens and an open mind in order to make positive changes
- Studies show psilocybin has helped people who struggle with chronic headaches or "cluster" headaches
- Reduces the fear response in subjects during testing of shrooms as a potential treatment for PTSD
Relieves or even alleviates anxiety while also adding to the meaning of life, optimism, positivity, and quality of life for the individual
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