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Ice Caps and Sea Levels
Astrolabe Glacier and Unbalanced Ice
http://eoimages.gsfc.nasa.gov/images/imagerecords/49000/49860/astrolabe_ali_2010332.jpgLocated in the Terre Adélie-George V Land section of East Antarctica, Astrolabe Glacier streams out from the interior of Antarctica to dump ice into the sea. This outlet glacier is estimated to be 10 kilometers (6 miles) wide, and the drainage basin that feeds it stretches as much as 200 kilometers (120 miles) inland. Astrolabe is named for the flagship of Captain Jules Dumont d'Urville's 19th century expedition to Antarctica.
The Advanced Land Imager (ALI) on NASA's Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) satellite captured this natural-color image of Astrolabe on Nov. 28, 2010, in late austral spring. Icebergs were breaking off from the glacier tongue—which extends from the coast like a shelf over the open water of the Southern Ocean—and running into sea ice. The calving front is roughly 7 kilometers (4 miles) wide, and scientists estimate that it loses half a cubic kilometer of ice per year.
The ice calving shown in this image is not necessarily unusual for the region or the time of year. But what is unusual is how much more calving all the glaciers of Antarctica and Greenland have been doing in the past two decades.
According to a NASA-funded satellite study, the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets are losing mass at an accelerating pace and are overtaking ice loss from mountain glaciers and ice caps to become the dominant contributor to global sea level rise. Read more at the Earth Observatory presentation of this image.
Jet Propulsion Laboratory. (2011, March 8). NASA finds polar ice adding more to rising seas. Retrieved March 25, 2011.
Jet Propulsion Laboratory. (n.d.) GRACE Tellus. Retrieved March 25, 2011.
Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l'Environnement, Universite Joseph Fourier (n.d.) Dynamics of coastal outlet glaciers and implications on the overall mass balance of Antarctica, Terre-Adelie Sector. Retrieved March 25, 2011.
University of Texas at Austin, Center for Space Research (n.d.) GRACE: Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment. Retrieved March 25, 2011.
NASA Earth Observatory image by Jesse Allen and Robert Simmon, using ALI data from the EO-1 Team. Mass balance data from Eric Rignot, JPL. Caption by Mike Carlowicz, with background from Alan Buis.
Instrument: EO-1 - ALI.
Website for this image
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=...Crack in the Pine Island Glacier
style/images/uploads/pineisland_ast_2011317_lrg.jpgIn mid-October 2011 NASA scientists working in Antarctica discovered a massive crack across the Pine Island Glacier, a major ice stream that drains the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Extending for 19 miles (30 kilometers), the crack was 260 feet (80 meters) wide and 195 feet (60 meters) deep. Eventually, the crack will extend all the way across the glacier and calve a giant iceberg that will cover about 350 square miles (900 square kilometers).
The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) instrument on NASA's Terra spacecraft acquired this image on Nov. 13, 2011. The glacier is textured, rough compared to the surrounding West Antarctic ice sheet. The Pine Island Glacier moves quickly, draining 100 meters of ice per year. The calving event shown here is natural. The last major calving event occurred in late 2000 and 2001 and was also imaged by ASTER.
NASA Earth Observatory image created by Jesse Allen, using data provided courtesy of NASA/GSFC/METI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team. Caption adapted from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Photojournal.
Instrument: Terra–ASTER.
Website for this image
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/vi...Sea Ice and Icebergs off East Antarctica
style/images/uploads/shackleton_ali_2011280.jpgThough it is composed of frozen water, ice is hardly uniform. On Oct. 7, 2011, the Advanced Land Imager (ALI) on NASA's Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) satellite captured this image of a variety of ice types off the coast of East Antarctica.
Brilliant white ice fills the right half of this image. It is called fast ice because it holds fast to the shore. This ice is thick enough to completely hide the underlying seawater, hence its brilliant white color.
Trapped within the fast ice and stuck along the edge of it are icebergs. They form by calving off ice shelves—thick slabs of ice attached to the coast. Ice shelves can range in thickness from tens to hundreds of meters, and the icebergs that calve off of them can tower over nearby sea ice. One iceberg, drenched with meltwater, has toppled and shattered (image, upper right). The water-saturated ice leaves a blue tinge.
The icebergs along the edge of the fast ice are likely grounded on the shallow sea floor, and their presence may help hold the fast ice in place.
Farther out to sea is pack ice that drifts with winds and currents. Much thinner than the fast ice, the translucent pack ice appears in shades of blue-gray.
The pack ice includes some newly formed sea ice. As seawater starts to freeze, it forms tiny crystals known as frazil (image, center). Although the individual crystals are only millimeters across, enough of them assembled together are visible from space. Constantly moved by ocean currents, frazil often appears in delicate swirls. Frazil crystals can coalesce into thin sheets of ice known as nilas (image, top). Sheets of nilas often slide over each other, eventually merging into thicker layers of ice.
Scott, M. (2009, April 20). Sea ice. Earth Observatory. Retrieved Oct. 21, 2011.
State of the Cryosphere. (2010, Oct. 20). Ice shelves. National Snow and Ice Data Center. Retrieved Oct. 21, 2011.
NASA Earth Observatory image created by Jesse Allen and Robert Simmon, using EO-1 ALI data provided courtesy of the NASA EO-1 team. Caption by Michon Scott based on image interpretation by Ted Scambos, National Snow and Ice Data Center.
Instrument: EO-1 - ALI.
Website for this image
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=...Melt Ponds, Petermann Ice Island
style/images/uploads/ISS028-E-034749.jpgPetermann Ice Island drifts in the North Atlantic off the shores of Newfoundland, Canada. Once a hunk of ice fives times the size of Manhattan Island, the ice island has splintered several times since it dropped off the edge of Greenland's Petermann Glacier in August 2010. Yet still it behaves a bit like the massive ice sheet it left.
Astronauts on the International Space Station used a digital camera to capture this view of Petermann Ice Island A, fragment 2, off of the northeast coast of Newfoundland on Aug. 29, 2011. Spanning roughly 4 kilometers by 3.5 kilometers (2.5 by 2 miles), the ice island is covered with melt ponds and streams, much as the surface of Greenland looks in mid-summer.
As ice melts on top of the Greenland ice sheet, the meltwater forms streams and pools in the depressions on the ice surface. Drawn downslope by gravity—much like streams on a mountainside—water also runs toward the edges of the ice. In some cases it cracks through it and rushes to the bottom. Such processes appear to be at work on the ice island as well.
August 2011 was a busy month in the life of the ice island, according to the Canadian Ice Service. On Aug. 7 it became grounded on a shoal or shallow seafloor off of St. Anthony, Newfoundland, where it sat for 11 days. By Aug. 18 the ice island broke free and began drifting again, only to split into two large pieces about five days later.
Canadian Ice Service. (2011). Petermann Ice Island updates. Retrieved Sept. 16, 2011.
NASA Earth Observatory. (2011, June 25). Ice island off Labrador.
This image, astronaut photograph ISS028-E-34749, was acquired on Aug. 29, 2011, with a Nikon D2Xs digital camera using a 400 mm lens and is provided by the ISS Crew Earth Observations experiment and Image Science and Analysis Laboratory, Johnson Space Center. The image was taken by the Expedition 28 crew. The image has been cropped and enhanced to improve contrast. Lens artifacts have been removed. The International Space Station Program supports the laboratory as part of the ISS National Lab to help astronauts take pictures of Earth that will be of the greatest value to scientists and the public and to make those images freely available on the Internet. Additional images taken by astronauts and cosmonauts can be viewed at the NASA/JSC Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth. Caption by Mike Carlowicz.
Instrument: ISS digital camera.
Website for this image
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=...Polynya off the Antarctic Coast
style/images/uploads/rosssea_amo_2011320.jpgWinter conditions in the Arctic and Antarctic lead to the formation of sea ice. But in some places where sea ice should occur, open water appears instead. Persistent areas of open water amidst sea ice are known as polynyas. Often the result of the upwelling of warm ocean water, polynyas can also result from winds.
The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA's Aqua satellite captured this natural color image of a polynya off the coast of Antarctica, near Ross Island and McMurdo Station on Nov. 16, 2011. The polynya was likely caused by katabatic winds, which derive their name from the Greek term for "descent." The winds blow off Antarctica's high interior toward the ocean and can attain hurricane strength—up to 200 miles (320 kilometers) per hour.
Strong winds have pushed sea ice away from the coast in this image, but not uniformly. Ross Island and the mountains to the west block some winds, so sea ice lingers near those landforms. Along the lower elevation area east of Ross Island, winds clear the ice from a large stretch of ocean. North of the polynya, sea ice shows varying degrees of thickness, perhaps the result of alternating windy and calm spells.
Polynyas, ice shelves, and sea ice were prime targets for IceBridge, a NASA mission in 2011 that used airplanes equipped with radar and lidar to develop a three-dimensional view of Antarctic ice. You can learn more about the mission in IceBridge: Building a record of Earth's changing ice, one flight at a time.
All About Sea Ice. Polynyas. National Snow and Ice Data Center. Retrieved Nov. 21, 2011.
Antarctica: The End of the Earth. Unequaled extremes. PBS Nature. Retrieved Nov. 21, 2011.
NASA image courtesy of Jeff Schmaltz, LANCE/EOSDIS MODIS Rapid Response Team at NASA GSFC. Caption by Michon Scott, based on image interpretation by Walt Meier and Ted Scambos, National Snow and Ice Data Center.
Instrument: Aqua - MODIS
Website for this image
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=...Franz Josef Land
style/images/uploads/franzjosef_tmo_2011229.jpgRussia's northernmost territory, Franz Josef Land, is an archipelago of 191 islands in the northeastern Barents Sea. On Aug. 17, 2011, clear skies allowed the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA's Terra satellite this unobstructed view.
Clouds fringe this natural-color scene, like curtains held back from a window. Around the islands sea ice forms serpentine shapes of light gray and dull white. The glaciers that cap many of the islands are bright white. In ice-free areas land cover is pale brown, typical of tundra.
Situated about 1,000 kilometers (625 miles) from the North Pole, Franz Josef Land has a punishing climate. The average summertime temperature is just 35 degrees Fahrenheit (2 degrees Celsius), and the average wintertime temperature is -8 degrees Fahrenheit (-22 degrees Celsius). Vegetation includes lichens, mosses, and Arctic flowering plants.
The archipelago is comprised of marine deposits built into low-lying islands. Although some studies have dated the rocks to the Mesozoic Era (the Age of Reptiles), fossils in coal deposits from the eastern reaches of Franz Josef Land suggest that the rocks might be even older.
Geologic processes of uplift and erosion have shaped Franz Josef Land since the time of the dinosaurs. During the Jurassic Period about 206 to 144 million years ago, the islands experienced uplift and might have been a single landmass. Soon after the area was uplifted, it began to erode. But the erosion was uneven—most intense along the archipelago's eastern and western margins and less intense in the center.
During the Cretaceous Period about 144 to 65 million years ago, large-scale seismic activity coated parts of Franz Josef Land with volcanic rock. In more recent times ice has shaped the archipelago. Beginning about 1.8 million years ago, massive ice sheets advanced and retreated over the Northern Hemisphere, grinding and shaping the land surface. Although ice sheets have retreated, glaciers have remained, coating much of this archipelago in icy white.
Encyclopedia Britannica. (2011). Franz Josef Land. Retrieved Aug. 22, 2011.
Forman, S. L., Lubinski, D., Miller, G. H., Matishov, G. G., Korsun, S., Snyder, J., Herlihy, F., Weihe, R., & Myslivets, V. (1996). Postglacial emergence of western Franz Josef Land, Russian, and retreat of the Barents Sea ice sheet. Quaternary Science Reviews, 15(1), 77-90.
Ntaflos, T., & Richter, W. (2003). Geochemical constraints on the origin of the Continental Flood Basalt magmatism in Franz Josef Land, Arctic Russia. European Journal of Mineralogy, 15(4), 649-663.
Volkova, I. B., Bekh-Ivanov, D. E., & Sidorova, I. N. (2001). New find of cuticular coal in the Franz Josef Land. Lithology and Mineral Resources, 36(2), 187-190.
NASA image courtesy of Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Rapid Response, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Caption by Michon Scott.
Instrument: Terra - MODIS.
Website for this image
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=...Migrating Siberian Shrubs
style/images/uploads/siberia_1966_2010_720.jpgIn the 2011 Arctic Report Card scientists concluded that the Arctic environment has undergone a fundamental shift in conditions. Recent years—warmer, greener, less icy—are likely the new normal for the Far North. One sign of the Arctic's ongoing transformation is the spread of shrubs across the tundra.
The pair of images above shows a site on the Siberian tundra near Russia's Yennisey River as it appeared in the summers of 1966 (left) and 2009 (right). The left image is from Gambit, a declassified spy satellite, and the right image is from GeoEye-1, a commercial satellite. In the 43 years between images, shrubs colonized virtually all the previously open tundra around a cluster of lakes. The images are from a study done by Gerald Frost, a Ph.D. student at the University of Virginia.
The conversion of tundra to dense shrubland triggers a cascade of changes in how the ecosystem functions. Observations from Europe, Alaska, and Siberia in recent decades have shown plant communities became less diverse as mosses, lichens, and other low-growing plants disappeared under the shade of shrubs. The loss of lichens, in particular, could pose a problem for caribou and reindeer, which forage on them extensively.
The change from tundra to shrubland can also affect the thawing of permafrost. In the winter shrubs trap snow, and the insulating effect can make the soil temperature up to 30 degrees Celsius warmer than the air temperature. In the summer, though, the shrubs provide shade, which tends to keep soil temperatures in shrub-covered areas cooler than those in open tundra.
Whether the arrival of shrubs will accelerate permafrost melting or slow it will depend on whether the summer cooling or the winter warming is stronger. The outcome of the competing influences has global implications: Thawing permafrost has become another source of atmospheric carbon dioxide, the most important long-lived greenhouse gas.
Read more at Shrub Takeover One Sign of Arctic Change in NOAA's ClimateWatch Magazine.
Myers-Smith, I. H., Forbes, B. C., Wilmking, M., Hallinger, M., Lantz, T., Blok, D., Tape, K. D., et al. (2011). Shrub expansion in tundra ecosystems: Dynamics, impacts, and research priorities. Environmental Research Letters, 6(4), 045509.
Schuur, E. A. G., Vogel, J. G., Crummer, K. G., Lee, H., Sickman, J. O., & Osterkamp, T. E. (2009). The effect of permafrost thaw on old carbon release and net carbon exchange from tundra. Nature, 459(7246), 556-559.
Related Reading
Arctic Tundra Growing Greener from Warmer Summers
Shrubbery on the March in Québec
2011 Arctic Report Card: Permafrost
2011 Arctic Report Card: Caribou and Reindeer
GeoEye-1 image copyright GeoEye, provided through the NGA Commercial Imagery Program. Gambit satellite image courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey. Caption by Rebecca Lindsey, NOAA ClimateWatch Magazine.
Instrument: GeoEye.
Website for this image
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=...Earth Now: Sea Level
style/images/uploads/ete3.jpgNASA's Earth Now is an application that visualizes recent global climate data from Earth science satellites, including surface air temperature, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, and water vapor as well as gravity and sea level variations. Data sets are visually described using "false color" maps. Color-coded legends are provided to indicate relative strength or weakness of an environmental condition. The resulting 3-D model of the Earth may be rotated by a single finger stroke and may also be zoomed in or out by pinching two fingers. It was developed by the Earth Science Communications and Visualization Technology Applications and Development Teams at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, with support from NASA headquarters.
Link to app: http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/earth-now/id494633346?mt=8
App Cost: Free
Category: Education
Released: Jan. 18, 2012
Version: 1.2
Size: 9.5 MB
Language: English
Seller: Jet Propulsion Laboratory © 2012 California Institute of Technology
Rated 4+
App. Requirements: Compatible with iPhone 3GS, iPhone 4, iPhone 4S, iPod touch (3rd generation), iPod touch (4th generation), and iPad. Requires iOS 5.0 or later.
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http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/earth-now/id4946333...Mount Kilimanjaro, Africa
style/images/uploads/Mt.%20Kilimanjaro.pngMount Kilimanjaro in Africa. Left: Feb. 17, 1993. Right: Feb. 21, 2000. Kilimanjaro is the tallest freestanding mountain in the world and is made up of three volcanic cones. These before and after images show the dramatic decline in Kilimanjaro's icecap over recent decades.
Images taken by the NASA/USGS Landsat satellite. Courtesy of Jim Williams, NASA GSFC Scientific Visualization Studio, and the Landsat 7 Science Team.
From NASA Global Climate Change State of Flux gallery.
Website for this image
http://climate.nasa.gov/sof/?CFID=7132423&CFTOKEN=...Muir Glacier, Alaska
style/images/uploads/Muir%20Glacier,%20AL.pngLeft: 1891. Right: 2005. This pair of photographs taken from the same location on the west shoreline of Muir Inlet, Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve in Alaska, shows the changes that have occurred to Muir Glacier during a period of more than a century. In the roughly 105-110 years between photographs, Muir Glacier has retreated more than 50 kilometers (31 miles) and is completely out of the field of view in the 2005 photograph.
Photographed by G. D. Hazard in 1891 and by Bruce F. Molnia in 2005. Credit: The Glacier Photograph Collection. Boulder, CO, and the National Snow and Ice Data Center/World Data Center for Glaciology.
State of Flux gallery.
Website for this image
http://climate.nasa.gov/state_of_flux?CFID=7132423...Pokhalde Glacier, Himalayas
style/images/uploads/Pokhalde%20Glacier,%20Himalayas.pngLeft: Autumn 1956. Right: Autumn 2007. At the foot of Mount Everest, Pokhalde Glacier as it appeared in the 1956 photograph has disappeared 50 years later, as shown in this photograph taken in 2007.
1956 picture taken by Erwin Schneider, courtesy of the Association for Comparative Alpine Research, Munich. 2007 image photographed by Alton Byers of the Mountain Institute.
Both from the archives of Alton Byers.
State of Flux gallery.
Website for this image
http://climate.nasa.gov/state_of_flux?CFID=7132423...The Doldenhorn Mountain, North East Ridge, Switzerland
style/images/uploads/Doldemhorn%20Mt..pngLeft: July 24, 1960, 10:40 a.m. Right: July 27, 2007, 10:44 a.m. As captured in these before and after photos, the glaciers of the Swiss Alps have been in retreat in recent years, and experts are concerned that they eventually will disappear.
1960 photograph taken by Bradford Washburn. 2007 image taken by David Arnold. Courtesy of Panopticon Gallery, Boston.
State of Flux gallery.
Website for this image
http://climate.nasa.gov/state_of_flux?CFID=7132423...Arapaho Glacier, Colorado
style/images/uploads/Arapaho%20Glacier,%20CO.pngLeft: 1898. Right: 2003. This pair of photographs shows the retreat of the Arapaho Glacier in the Colorado Rocky Mountains between 1898 and 2003. The Arapaho is an alpine glacier that contributes to sea level rise through melting.
1898 picture taken by R.S. Brackett; published in 1964 in "A Sixty Year Record" by H.A. Waldrop, University of Colorado Studies, Series in Geology. 2003 photo taken by Tad Pfeffer. Images courtesy of Tad Pfeffer, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado.
NASA image: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=5668
Website for this image
http://climate.nasa.gov/state_of_flux?CFID=7132423...Imja Glacier, Himalayas
style/images/uploads/Imja%20Glacier,%20Himalayas.pngLeft: Autumn 1956. Right: Autumn 2007. These images show the glacier as seen from a point above Amphu Lake and from the upper slopes of Island Peak. The after shot shows pronounced retreat and collapse of the lower tongue of the glacier and formation of new melt ponds.
1956 image photographed by Erwin Schneider. Courtesy of the Association for Comparative Alpine Research, Munich, and archives of Alton Byers, the Mountain Institute. 2007 photo taken by Alton Byers. Courtesy of the archives of Alton Byers, the Mountain Institute.
State of Flux gallery.
Website for this image
http://climate.nasa.gov/sof/?CFID=7132423&CFTOKEN=...Northwestern Glacier, Kenai Fjords National Park, Alaska
style/images/uploads/Northwestern%20Glacier,%20Kenai%20Fords.jpgThe decline of Northwestern Glacier in Kenai Fjords National Park in Alaska. The glacier has retreated beyond the edge of the 2005 image.
July 27, 1909: Photograph by Ulysses S. Grant in the collection of the National Snow and Ice Data Center/World Data Center for Glaciology. Public domain by virtue of age. 2005: Photograph by Bruce F. Molnia of the U.S. Geological Survey, in the collection of the National Snow and Ice Data Center/World Data Center for Glaciology. Public domain as a work of the U.S. government.
This specific comparison image is the work of Robert A. Rohde for Global Warming Art. The original elements of this composition are released under the Global Warming Art license.
Website for this image
http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/Glacier_Galle...Larsen B Ice Shelf Collapse Size Comparison
style/images/uploads/Larsen%20B%20Ice%20Shelf%20Collapse.pngA satellite image shows the 2002 breakup of the Larson B ice shelf in comparison to the size of the state of Rhode Island. The light blue color is a false color enhancement showing the region of breakup based on apparent temperature differences (measured in infrared wavelengths) of ocean water versus water previously under the ice shelf.
This image is based on NASA Terra/MODIS imagery, which belongs to the public domain.
Image created by Robert A. Rohde/Global Warming Art.
Domack, E., Duran, D., Leventer, A., Ishman, S., Doane, S., McCallum, S., Amblas, D., Ring, J., Gilbert, R., & Prentice, M. (2005). Stability of the Larsen B ice shelf on the Antarctic Peninsula during the Holocene epoch. Nature 436, 681-685.
Scambos, T., Hulbe, C., Fahnestock, M., & Bohlander, J. (2000). The link between climate warming and breakup of ice shelves in the Antarctic Peninsula. Journal of Glaciology 46, 516–530.
Website for this image
http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/File:Bear_Gla...Bear Glacier, Alaska
style/images/uploads/Bear%20Glacier,%20AL.jpgThe decline of Bear Glacier in Kenai Fjords National Park in Alaska. The shoreline appears different because it is subject to different tidal conditions and erosion.
Photograph by unknown photographer in the collection of the National Snow and Ice Data Center/World Data Center for Glaciology. Public domain by virtue of age. 2005: Photograph by Bruce F. Molnia of the U.S. Geological Survey, in the collection of the National Snow and Ice Data Center/World Data Center for Glaciology. Public domain as a work of the U.S. government.
This specific comparison image is the work of Robert A. Rohde for Global Warming Art. The original elements of this composition are released under the Global Warming Art license.
Website for this image
http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/Glacier_Galle...Average Glacier Thickness Change
style/images/uploads/Aver%20Glacier%20Thickness%20Change.pngThis graph shows the decline in average thickness of mountain glaciers around the world.
Image created by Robert A. Rohde/Global Warming Art.
Dyurgerov, M. B. (2002). Glacier mass balance and regime: Data of measurements and analysis. Occasional Paper 55.
Dyurgerov, M. B. & Meier, M. F. (2005). Glaciers and the changing Earth system: A 2004 snapshot. Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research. Occasional Paper 58.
Oerlemans, J. H. (2005). Extracting a climate signal from 169 glacier records. Science, 308, 675-677.
Website for this image
http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/Glacier_Galle...White Chuck Glacier
style/images/uploads/Whitechuck%20Glacier1.jpgLeft: 1973. Right: 2006. White Chuck Glacier is located in the Glacier Peak Wilderness in the state of Washington. The glacier has retreated significantly since the end of the Little Ice Age. From about 1850 to 1930, the glacier thinned, and by 1940 it began to retreat quickly. In 15 years the glacier had three separate termini, and by 2005 the northern terminus was gone. Several small proglacial lakes have been left behind by the retreating glacier. Between 1958 and 2005 White Chuck Glacier lost more than half its surface area.
This work has been released into the public domain by its author, Peltoms at the wikipedia project. This applies worldwide. In case this is not legally possible: Peltoms grants anyone the right to use this work for any purpose, without any conditions, unless such conditions are required by law.
Website for this image
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Chuck_GlacierSea Ice Thickness 10-year Average
style/images/uploads/Sea%20Ice%20Thickness-10yr_aver.gifProjected changes in Arctic sea ice from 1950 to 2050.
This image is a work of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, taken or made during the course of an employee's official duties. As works of the United States, all NOAA images are in the public domain.
Website for this image
http://www.climate.noaa.gov/index.jsp?pg=/about_cl...Grinnell Glacier 1850-1981
style/images/uploads/Grinnell%20Glacier.jpgA 1981 aerial view of the Grinnel Glacier in Montana. The dates and arrows indicate the former extent of the glacier.
Released into the public domain by the U.S. Geological Survey.
Hall, M. H. P. (1994). Predicting the impact of climate change on glacier and vegetation distribution in Glacier National Park to the Year 2100. Syracuse, NY: State University of New York, 192 pp. M.S. thesis.
Website for this image
http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/Glacier_Galle...Valdez Glacier in Chugach Mountains, Alaska
style/images/uploads/Valdez%20Glacier-Chugach%20Mt..jpgNorth view of the terminus and lower reaches of Valdez Glacier, a rapidly thinning and retreating valley glacier located northeast of Valdez in the North Central Chugach Mountains in Alaska. Note the trimlines and the enlarging ice-marginal lake exposed at the margin of the glaciers. During the 20th century Valdez Glacier thinned by more than 300 feet.
Photograph by Bruce F. Molnia. The image is a work of a USGS employee, taken or made during the course of the person's official duties, and is in the public domain.
Gallery page: http://www.usgs.gov/features/glaciers2.html
Website for this image
http://www.usgs.gov/images/topical/glaciers/dsc001...Arctic Ice Caps
style/images/uploads/Arctic%20Ice%20caps1.jpgLeft: Sea ice in 1979. Right: Sea ice in 2003. Satellite data allow researchers to more clearly see Arctic changes and develop an improved understanding of the possible effect on climate worldwide.
NASA images.
Website for this image
http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/...Louisiana and Gulf Coast Regions
style/images/uploads/LA,Gulf%20Coast-sea%20level.pngThis topographic map illustrates those areas along the Louisiana and Gulf Coast region that are near sea level and could, therefore, be vulnerable to future sea level rise.
Image created by Robert A. Rohde/Global Warming Art.
Website for this image
http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/File:Louisian...Sea Level Risks U.S. East Coast
style/images/uploads/Sea%20level%20risk-East%20Coast.pngThis topographic map illustrates those areas along the U.S. East Coast that are near sea level and could, therefore, be vulnerable to future sea level rise.
Image created by Robert A. Rohde/Global Warming Art.
Website for this image
http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/File:Eastern_...Regions Vulnerable to Sea Level Rise
style/images/uploads/Regions%20vulnerable%20to%20sea%20rise.pngThis topographic map illustrates those areas globally that are near sea level and could, therefore, be vulnerable to future sea level rise.
Image created by Robert A. Rohde/Global Warming Art.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007a). Climate change 2007: The physical science basis: Contribution of working group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978 0521 88009-1.
Overpeck, J. T., Otto-Bliesner, B. L., Miller, G. H., Muhs, D. R., Alley, R. B., & Kiehl, J. T. (2006). Paleoclimatic evidence for future ice sheet instability and rapid sea level rise. Science, 311(5768), 1747-1750.
Rodriguez, E., Morris, C. S., Belz, J. E., Chapin, E. C., Martin, J. M., Daffer, W., & Hensley, S. (2005). An assessment of the SRTM topographic products, Technical Report JPL D-31639. Pasadena, CA: Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Website for this image
http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/File:Global_S...Sea Level Risks Florida
style/images/uploads/Sea%20level%20risk-FL.pngThis topographic map illustrates those areas in Florida that are near sea level and could, therefore, be vulnerable to future sea level rise.
Image created by Robert A. Rohde/Global Warming Art.
Website for this image
http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/File:Florida_...Sea Level Projections
style/images/uploads/Sea%20level%20projections.pngThe chart shows sea level rise from 1950 to 2000 and possible projections through 2100.
The projections are adapted from Figure 11.1 of the Third Assessment Report of the IPCC.
Image created by Robert A. Rohde/Global Warming Art.
Alley, R. B., Clark, P. U., Huybrechts, P., & Joughin, I. (2005). Ice sheet and sea level changes. Science, 310(5747), 456-460.
Houghton, J. T., Ding, Y., Griggs, D. J., Noguer, M., van der Linden, P. J., Dai, X., Maskell, K., & Johnson, C. A. (eds.): Climate change 2001: The scientific basis: Contribution of working group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521807670.
Overpeck, J. T., Otto-Bliesner, B. L, Miller, G. H., Muhs, D. R., Alley, R. B., & Kiehl, J. T. (2006). Paleoclimatic evidence for future ice sheet instability and rapid sea level rise. Science, 311(5768), 1747-1750.
Velicogna, I., & Wahr, J. (2006). Measurements of time-variable gravity show mass loss in Antarctica. Science, 311(5768), 1754-1756.
Website for this image
http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/File:Sea_Leve...Recent Sea Level Rise
style/images/uploads/Recent%20Sea%20level%20rise.pngGraph of change in annually averaged sea levels at 23 tidal gauge sites. The thin black line is a three-year average from long-term records. The red line shows recent satellite altimetry data from TOPEX/Poseidon. There are fluctuations because of systematic error in the satellite records and/or incomplete sampling.
Image created by Robert A. Rohde/Global Warming Art.
Douglas, B. C. (1997). Global sea rise: A redetermination. Surveys in Geophysics, 18, 279-292.
Website for this image
http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/File:Recent_S...NASA Arctic Ice Research
style/images/uploads/NASAArcticSeaIceVideo.pngSea ice goes through this shrink-and-swell rhythm every year, but since consistent satellite observations began in 1979, both the annual minimum at the end of summer and the annual maximum at the end of winter continue to decline in area and thickness. Consistent with rising temperatures globally and specifically in the Arctic, climate scientists are concerned with this trend both as an indicator of climate change and as a feedback mechanism. As the white, highly reflective ice disappears, darker ocean waters appear. This darker surface absorbs more solar radiation and acts as a positive feedback to the warming that is already occurring and causing the change in the first place.
NASA's Cryosphere Program Manager, Tom Wagner, shared his take on Arctic sea ice with television audiences across the country. Watch this video online:
At NASA
On YouTube
Text by Adam Voiland. Visualization by the Scientific Visualization Studio based at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
Website for this image


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Tips for Choosing a Head Lice Professional
There once was a time when do it yourself lice treatments were worth all the hassle and could really save the day. Our world has advanced though, and along with it so have the head lice and ways of ridding them. The influx of super lice across the world has made DIY options nearly obsolete. What are average Americans supposed to do when faced with getting rid of head lice? Who should they call for help? (We know what you're thinking, and no it isn't Ghost Busters!).
The good news is the increase in head lice professionals has grown right along with the increase in these nasty pests! New lice removing technology and experts are like our favorite movie heroes, busting one case of lice at a time. Where the problem can come is finding the right one to take care of your specific needs.
Do They Have the Proper Training?
A true head lice professional should have received proper training and adequate practice in removing lice. You wouldn't trust an untrained Ghost Buster to take care of a ghost in your home, so why would you trust an untrained professional with a part of your body. At Lice Clinics of America, all of our staff is trained in both nitpicking and the use of our AirAlle device. We ensure that you get the best care and treatment from the top lice professionals.
What Is the Treatment Process?
Just as important as the individual administering the treatment, is the treatment itself. Be sure to investigate what is offered by the service beforehand. Do they offer simple nitpicking only, do they have a special technique, device or formula, or do they perhaps even offer a guarantee? At Lice Clinics of America, we offer all three!
We will check your hair with a simple screening. If lice are found and a treatment is chosen, we will even refund the price of the screening service! Our signature AirAlle device is a one-of-a-kind FDA-cleared device that uses heat, not chemicals to dehydrate and kill lice and nits. Our signature treatment even comes with a 30-day guarantee! Like the Ghost Busters backpack it's our secret weapon for defeating lice guaranteed!
Is It an Investment In Your Future?
A good head lice company will help you prepare for future outbreaks and educate you on how to prevent head lice. The sign of a truly good lice professional is one you don't need again unless absolutely necessary. In addition to our treatments at Lice Clinics of America, we teach our clients how to prepare for future outbreaks and even how to check for lice on their own. We believe it's our duty to educate our clients on head lice and provide more than just an in and out service.
If you have any questions or need a head lice removal treatment, don't hesitate to contact us. At Lice Clinics of America – Nova which proudly serves Herndon, Falls Church, Arlington, and surrounding areas, we are here to help! Our heated removal process guarantees to remove head lice in 1 quick and safe treatment! Let your kids and family members get back to the things they enjoy! To learn more or to schedule an appointment, visit www.liceremovalnova.com email firstname.lastname@example.com , or call 703-686-5253.

subset: commoncrawl


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Earning points in the Questions & Answers forum
Each question in the forum has its own "market" value, which reflects the level of community interest the question has generated. This is calculated by summing up the weighted number of answers, recommendations and answer votes, e.g. each additional answer rises the value of the question by 10 points, each recommendation by 2 points, etc. When the person who asked the question selects an answer as most helpful, the question gets 20 bonus points and is considered to be closed. At that moment the accumulated point value of the question is distributed between participating parties. One third of the value goes to the asker; another third goes to the user whose answer was accepted as the best; the remaining third is split between all users who answered the question, provided that their response received at least 3 community votes and more than half of those are positive (users found them helpful). In the case of only one answer, or if the community vote requirement is not satisfied, the user whose answer was accepted as best gets the remainder of accumulated points for the question.
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Testimony of a Translator
CSHRA has gone over the 2005 book by Erik Saar and Viveca Novak entitled Inside the Wire: A Military Intelligence Soldier's Eyewitness Account of Life at Guantanamo (New York, Penguin) and has identified the testimonies of abuse detailed below. Subsequent to the publication of this book, Erik Saar has given interviews to 60 Minutes, Mother Jones Magazine, and The Talking Dog.
Physical Abuse
(ES1) [Camp X-Ray] was a jumble of razor wire, with cells open to the elements and buckets in place of toilets. It looked more like an animal shelter in a bad neighborhood than a place to keep people." (Saar and Novak 2005, 42).
(ES2) The guards did have one weapon in their small arsenal. If a detainee was adamantly resisting a command, they could go to their nuclear option and summon a squad of five MPs—called and IRF team, for Initial Reaction Force—which would subdue the captive with brute strength (Saar and Novak 2005, 72).
(ES3) All five MPs swarmed over him. One was responsible for securing his head, and the other four were supposed to take one limb each. The detainee was kicking and squirming, fueled by his hostility. One of the stronger soldiers who had a grip on one of his arms was punching him in the ribs (Saar and Novak, 2005, 95).
(ES4) The IRF process was a little more ad hoc then [= in the days of Camp X-ray], Vanessa explained. Getting IRFed at X-ray meant receiving a good old-fashioned ass whipping, after which the lucky detainee would be hogtied—made to kneel with his hands behind his back and his hand and foot shackles bound together—for four hours. Apparently the Red Cross had complained about this to the highest levels of the military command (Saar and Novak 2005, 101f).
(ES5) Halim didn't speak in the following weeks. He just stared straight ahead. But the day that the MPs were transferring detainees from X-ray to the newly built Camp Delta, Halim received another beating. Vanessa saw him two days after the move and noticed that his face was black and blue. A psych told him that he was vastly better than he had been two days earlier […] there had not been a linguist present and […] the MPs had somehow lost the videotape of that particular IRF action (Saar and Novak 2005, 102).
(ES6) The treatment of the detainees by the MPs had been degenerating. The IRF process had evolved over time with the help of the Connecticut 902nd. It was widely known that IRFs now were being used punitively, not just as a way to get detainees to comply with commands, which was their original purpose. Now, if an MP walked down the cellblock and someone threw a cup of water or urine on him, he'd report it to the NCOIC, who would request an IRF team. And the IRF team would cast its net wide, going into the cells of three or four men nearest to where the incident had occurred (Saar and Novak 2005, 134).
(ES7) I watched as the team knocked the detainee to the ground and swarmed him to put on the shackles. The detainees shouted obscenities at the guards, calling them American dogs and bastards. This guy was as thin as a rail but had decided to throw himself into resisting and screaming at the top of his lungs. Hatred bred disproportionate strength, and his shrieks only fueled the chaos inside the cellblock. As the guards struggled to make the detainee's arms conform to the shackles, I heard the unmistakable crack of a bone shattering […] His scream was ear-piercing […] When I asked Mo, who'd been at the camp a good deal longer than me, if he thought the guards would get in trouble once the leadership saw the videotape of the IRFing, he shrugged his shoulders. "The tape will disappear," he said. That's what usually happens when things turn out like this. I never found out if that tape vanished (Saar and Novak 2005, 135f).
(ES8) Things were turning more and more to the liking of Ed Pagnotti, the tough-talking New York City cop and self-described Tony Soprano of the 902nd who believed in payback, ordered up good old-fashioned beatings, and did what he could to hide the evidence (Saar and Novak 2005, 136).
(ES9) The man in shackles was already waiting for us in the interrogation booth, a bare room with a couple of folding chairs and a D ring on the linoleum floor […] The air-conditioning was turned up too high. The captive's ankle chains had been shortened and attached to the ring so there was no play in his feet, and a short chain connected his handcuffs to the ring as well. The arrangement forced him to hunch over, partially squatting. He appeared to have been there a while (Saar and Novak 2005, 172).
(ES10) "Mo, I can help you if you will only cooperate." Mohammed spoke, only to say, "Your guards have no respect for Islam. I have no reason to talk to you." "We need to move past that, Mohammed," Mike said. "I need you to cooperate with me. Did you know Fareed Mahmoud?" Silence. We played that game for about a half an hour, with Mohammed hunched over in his orange suit, shackled to the floor and staring at the wall (Saar and Novak 2005, 181).
(ES11) It looked as though even the mock IRFs, the ones done for training, had been stepped up. According to the camp grapevine, an MP had been badly hurt playing the part of a detainee during a practice IRF […] Sean Barker's IRF had happened in the middle of the night, in a cell. He'd been asked to wear a detainee's orange uniform, which wasn't the norm, and apparently the IRF team wasn't told he was really a fellow soldier. The team didn't realize it until after his head had been slammed against the floor a couple of times. He was airlifted to the mainland for treatment, returning to Gitmo after four days, but he had been having regular seizures. He obviously had some kind of brain injury (Saar and Novak 2005, 190). [see Testimony of a Military Policeman]
(ES12) As soon as they arrived, the detainees were put through the usual rigors—kneeling in a rocky courtyard in the Cuban sun with their backs ramrod straight, being processed one by one through medical exams, cavity searches, showers, photos and fingerprinting, donning their first orange prison garb, and being hauled off to interrogation booths." (Saar and Novak 2005, 207).
See also: ES14, ES22, ES30, ES39, ES40, ES42.
Sexual Abuse
See: ES38, ES39, ES42.
Medical Abuse
(ES13) Vanessa said she'd sometimes complained to an NCOIC, the enlisted officer who took care of the day-to-day, on-the-ground business for each MP unit's commander, about the guards' lack of attention to the detainees' medical problems. He didn't want to hear it. She cited the case of a captive on Sierra block who had complained of back pain each time she saw him and asked to see a doctor. Each time, she'd told the MPs responsible for the block. They were supposed to put the request for a doctor in their daily log. | After three weeks of this, she finally asked the NCOIC why the detainee hadn't seen a doctor yet. He told her the detainee's welfare was none of her concern. She responded that it might be of more concern to some of his superiors and said further, "I want to know if these complaints have ever been logged." | "Listen, bitch," he responded, "I run this cellblock the way I see fit. If I think a detainee is complaining about back pain just to get to walk across the camp to the medical clinic one sunny afternoon, then I'm not going to put it in my log. Now leave my block and next time, stay in your lane (Saar and Novak 2005, 73f).
(ES14) I heard him telling the captive, a Bahraini named Halim, that he was going to be all right. […] On the ground outside the shower I noticed a pool of dark blood; the detainee had apparently cut his wrists with a razor […] An MP summoned me over to the shower. There was another puddle of blood, with more smeared on the wall—a river seemed to have spilled from this man's veins. I realized that the blood on the wall was writing: "Intahart min shiddat althulun" […] 'I committed suicide because of the brutality of my oppressors' […] Halim survived, remarkably […] He always had a dazed look, as if he didn't know where he was […] Eventually the camp psychologist put the Bahraini on some heavy meds, which gave him his first opportunity to kill himself. Halim would fake taking his medication each day and hide the pills in his cell, planning to store up enough so he could take them all at once and end his life. But one of his cellmates ratted him out, and the MP introduced him to the IRF […] Soon after Halim got to Camp Delta, he tried another way to end his life. He thought he could scrape enough paint off the cells to eat all at once and do himself in. It seemed insane to me that a detainee who had twice previously tried to kill himself would be allowed to take a razor into the shower (Saar and Novak 2005, 100ff).
(ES15) Over time, I realized that some of the men on Delta Block were truly mentally disturbed […] some of them were just flat out crazy and belonged in a mental institution. I heard that one former Delta resident used to eat his own feces (Saar and Novak 2005, 111f).
(ES16) The same elderly man from the previous day was curled up on the table moaning loudly and complaining of chest pains. The physician's assistant treating him was the skeptical type when it came to detainees' complaints. She told Mo to tell the patient they had checked his vital signs and he should be fine. Mo relayed the message, but the man was shouting in Arabic that he was having a heart attack. Impatiently, the physician's assistant said, "Tell him he is not having a heart attack and he'll be fine." Mo asked her if the doctor from the day before was around. She barked back "No, he is not here, and we no longer need your help. The patient will be fine without you." | Mo tried top explain that the doctor had wanted to perform an EKG when the detainee was feeling the chest pains he'd experienced yesterday. "The patient will be okay," she insisted, and ripped Mo a new one for telling her now to do her job. | Just as we were leaving, the doctor from the day before walked in, saw the man on the table, and immediately asked if an EKG had been done, as he had requested in his notes. The lower-ranking navy woman had indeed screwed up (Saar and Novak 2005, 125f).
See also: ES42.
Legal Abuse
(ES17) As I hopped into the backseat, Mo threw me a roll of green duct tape and told Mark and me to use it to cover the names on our uniforms. It hit me that I was about to enter a place where I wouldn't want anyone to know who I was (Saar and Novak 2005, 41).
(ES18) One question the detainees repeated almost manically that day, and as I'd soon learn, every day, was "Why am I here?" (Saar and Novak 2005, 53f).
(ES19) In November 2001, President Bush had signed a controversial order establishing a whole new system of justice for charging, prosecuting, and punishing non-U.S. citizens he was calling enemy combatants. Yet none of the detainees had yet been charged or allowed to see a lawyer, and the open-endedness of their detention was without question the hardest thing for them to take (Saar and Novak 2005, 89f).
(ES20) I was amazed that some of the files [of the detainees] I was looking were so thin—sometimes just a mug shot, and ID number from Bagram, and a summary of the detainee's initial interrogation, which might say that he had maintained he was a farmer, that he denied any connection to terrorism, and claimed to have been picked up by the Northern Alliance or the Pakistanis. (Saar and Novak 2005, 149).
(ES21) In my time at Gitmo, I hadn't once heard the term prisoner used. The captives were detainees, a word that had seemed stiff and unnatural when I'd arrived. This was why. To call them prisoners would be too close to calling them POW's, which would be akin to saying they were protected by international law. It was a game of semantics (Saar and Novak 2005, 162).
(ES22) Pagnotti also helped improvise a new finale for IRFs […] to shave the heads of IRFed captives. We began to notice that the detainee in question was a special favorite, the razor might "slip" and eliminate his eyebrows as well. The missing eyebrow trick made some camp officials nervous because of the potential for the Red Cross to take note, so on occasion these detainees were slapped in a special isolation cell, hidden away from Red Cross scrutiny (Saar and Novak 2005, 189f).
See also: ES5, ES7, ES8, ES37, ES39, ES42, ES4.
Psychological Abuse
(ES23) Later that afternoon Vanessa stormed into the room saying […] "One of those assholes crushed a detainee's cookies again before passing him his MRE. All that shit does is make both our jobs harder." Generally the detainees got MREs—meals ready to eat—for their midday chow, like the ones that troops deployed to war zones often lived on, but with the heating devices removed" (Saar and Novak 2005, 54f).
(ES24) After a few days, I could tell when detainees had just returned from a tough interrogation. They often had a defeated look: head held low and eyes lifeless. Sometimes it was more obvious; they'd sit huddled in a fetal position in the corner of their cells, staring off into space or even quietly crying (Saar and Novak 2005, 65).
(ES25) I'd already heard that there were lots of suicide attempts among the detainees, maybe as many as one a week, and a linguist was usually called to the scene (Saar and Novak 2005, 66).
(ES26) Seemed to me that asking these men if they were feeling hopeless was a little absurd, given their situation. That's exactly what the interrogators wanted them to feel. It was a little ridiculous that the psych team was trying to conduct damage control for everything the interrogators were trying to do, and I found that, in fact, there were certain detainees the psych techs didn't see because the interrogators wanted those guys depressed and dejected (Saar and Novak 2005, 67).
(ES27) Within my first few days I heard a detainee say he was falling in love with his interrogator, and he sounded so sincere that it was impossible to tell whether he was being sarcastic. I also overheard a detainee complain about how his interrogator was trying to "spiritually manipulate him." At the time I didn't really understand what that meant (Saar and Novak, 2005, 70)
(ES28) Of course, this sense of hopelessness was created by design. The captives were supposed to believe that the only way to end their internment was through complete cooperation with their interrogators, the only catch being that some of those who seemed most tormented by their indefinite stay were those who weren't being interrogated (Saar and Novak 2005, 90).
(ES29) The mental health personnel and the guards always had to be on the watch for detainees who might try to harm themselves […] Even with all that awareness, suicide attempts were much too frequent (Saar and Novak 2005, 103).
(ES30) Mo had heard a lot about these trips [= round-trip flights from Guantanamo to Afghanistan to pick up captured terrorist suspects of high enough interest to send to Guantanamo], and he said they were extremely intense. "Every single aspect of the mission is meant to intimidate the detainees," he told me. "Even the linguists are supposed to treat the detainees like shit and get them scared out of their minds." Not long before my arrival, an air force linguist who had gone on one of the missions took photos, which found their way onto television. The bound captives wore dark goggles, headphones, and paper masks like those used by health care workers. During portions of the transfer, they were hooded, and they were laced down to the floor of the C-130 with black straps for the more than twenty hour flight. Some thought they were being sent to their deaths, and nobody disabused them of that notion. They were screamed at constantly during the trip. On the ground in Cuba, they were immediately thrown into interrogation booths for sessions that could last up to two days (Saar and Novak 2005, 117f).
(ES31) An army linguist who had participated in questioning the so-called twentieth hijacker told me that military dogs were use to intimidate him. Our psy-ops people—the Behavioral Science Consultation Team, called Biscuit—plastered the walls of his interrogation booth with pictures of those who were killed on 9/11; the interrogator asked him if this was what his religion was all about. He was subjected to strobe lights; a loud, insistent tape of cats meowing (from a cat food commercial) interspersed with babies crying; and deafening loud music […] Those procedures had been approved for Mohamed al Qahtani by Donald Rumsfeld (Saar and Novak 2005, 164).
(ES32) When I left the building, I noticed a shackled detainee walking over near the clinic, being led by an MP. I had seen this on a couple of other occasions when I'd been at the camp late at night. These walkabouts in the small hours were used to keep detainees awake, sometimes in preparation for an interrogation that would take place even later (Saar and Novak 2005, 174).
(ES33) But at one point, the interrogators told the night shift MPs and linguist to start moving certain detainees to different cells each night to interrupt their sleep and keep them off balance (Saar and Novak 2005, 217).
(ES34) By the time of the [October 2003] Red Cross's statement, the official number of suicide attempts was 32, though I knew it was actually far higher. The device of labeling most attempted suicides as "manipulative self-injurious behavior" kept the numbers low, and Camp Delta's command seemed to be using that designation more often. The military's count of these fake "manipulative" suicides attempts wasn't released until January 2005, when it was disclosed that a mass attempt by 23 detainees had taken place in August 2003. The Pentagon said that 350 "self-harm" incidents occurred that year, including 120 "hanging gestures" (Saar and Novak 2005, 243).
See also ES39.
Age Abuse
(ES35) I'd learned we were holding a group of Afghani teenagers who ranged from about twelve to fourteen years old and were kept in a separate facility called Camp Iguana (Saar and Novak 2005, 114).
Religious Abuse
(ES36) Mark described a near riot in the cellblocks earlier that day, instigated when one of the MPs had dropped a Koran and the detainees went nuts (Saar and Novak 2005, 171).
(ES37) "Adib, how have you been treated since you've been in American custody?" she [= Michelle] asked. "I have lost a great deal of respect for Americans since I've been held," he said. "I am astonished at the guards' complete disrespect for our religion. And I don't think I'm the only innocent man here" (Saar and Novak 2005, 180).
(ES38) The outfit [= a microscopic dress with a sheer top, along with some thong underwear], it turned out, belonged to one of the contract interrogators. Her team worked in the middle of the night questioning Saudis who were refusing to talk. The theory was that these men were leaning on their faith and gaining strength from that connection. Her strategy was to be sexually provocative to try to make the detainee feel impure and unworthy of going before his God in prayer and thereby gaining strength. A linguist who once accompanied her in the booth told me that she had taken off her dress during the questioning and was wearing just a bra and a thong (Saar and Novak 2005, 191f).
(ES39) The detainee [a young Saudi named Fareek] had already been in the booth, alone and in chains, for an hour; she [female Army interrogator 'Brooke'] told me to grab some coffee because she'd decided to make him sit for another hour […] "I believe the problem here is that its too easy for him to regain strength when he returns to his cell," Brooke noted. "We've gotta find a way to break that, and I'm thinking that humiliation may be the way to go. I just need to make him feel that he absolutely must cooperate with me and has no other options. I think we should make him feel so fucking dirty that he can't go back to his cell and spend the night praying. We have to put a barrier between him and his God" | We opened the door to the booth and saw the Saudi, who was wearing ankle shackles and handcuffs with an additional chain connecting all his restraints to the D ring in the floor. The chain was again intentionally made too short, forcing him to hunch over in the thoroughly uncomfortable position that I'd seen quite often by that time. Two MPs were with him. The air-conditioning was turned way up […] Brooke said, "Erik, I'm going to work on making him feel like he can't pray." | We returned to the booth. Brooke and I were both in our sanitized (our names were taped over) BDUs. To my surprise, she started to unbutton her top slowly, teasingly, almost like a stripper, revealing a skin-tight brown Army T-shirt stretching over her chest. | Fareek wouldn't look at her. "What is the matter, Fareek? Don't you like women?" As she said this, she stood in front of him and tried to make him look at her body. She walked slowly behind him and began rubbing her breasts against his back. "Do you like these big American tits, Fareek?" she said. "I can see that you are starting to get hard. How do you think Allah feels about that?" The detainee was visibly bothered but still didn't speak. She moved in front of him and took a seat. "What do you think, Fareek?" she said, placing her hands on her breasts. "Don't you like these big tits?" He glanced, saw what she was doing, and immediately looked away. | "Are you gay? Why do you keep looking at him?" Brooke asked, referring to me. "He thinks I have great tits! Don't you?" Caught off guard, I just nodded as I kept translating, which had gotten uncomfortable enough for me; I didn't want to be drawn in further. "This is all your choice, Fareek, we can go on like this all night or you can start to answer my questions," she said. "Who sent you to flight school?" […] | She [= Brooke] had a high-priority uncooperative detainee, she explained [to 'Adel', a Muslim translator], and she wanted to find a way to break him from his reliance on God, his source of strength. He suggested that she tell the Saudi that she was having her period and then touch him. That could make him feel too dirty and ashamed to go before God later, he said, adding that she should have the MPs turn off his water so he couldn't wash later. | I thought it was odd that a devout Muslim would suggest this treatment for a fellow believer, but Brooke seized Adel's idea and built on it. She grabbed a red marker and disappeared into the ladies' room. "Let's go," she said when she returned […] We sat across from the detainee […] "How do you think [, Fareek,] he [= God] feels about your being attracted to this infidel American woman?" | As she said this, she stood and moved her chair out of the way. She started unbuttoning her BDU pants. "Fareek, did you know that I'm having my period?" she said. She placed her hands in her pants as she started to circle behind the detainee. "How do you feel about me touching you now?" | Fareek's spine shot straight as a steel rod. As I translated, he looked at me as if my death was his most profound desire. | Brooke came back around his other side, and he could see that she was beginning to withdraw her hand from her pants. As it became visible, the Saudi saw what looked like red blood on her hand. "Who told you to learn to fly, Fareek?" she demanded. He glared at her with vengeance, refusing to give in. "You fuck," she hissed, wiping what he believed was menstrual blood on his face […] Fareek was screaming at the top of his lungs, rattling the flimsy trailer, body shaking, beginning to sob. He kept yanking his arms apart, as if he could somehow wrest himself out of his handcuffs. | "How do you like this?" she asked, holding open the palm of her hand to show him her blood. | […] The MPs rushed into the room and Brooke said to the lower-ranking one, "Fix the fucking shackles, leave him lying on the floor, and get the fuck out!" […] Brooke got down to her knees next to him. I followed suit. "It doesn't have to be this way," she said. "You have choices, Fareek. Who sent you to flight school?" He began to cry like a baby, sobbing and mumbling in Arabic too indistinct for me to understand. The only thing I picked out was, "You American whore." | "What do you think your brothers will think of you in the morning when they see an American woman's menstrual blood on your face?" Brooke said, standing up. "By the way, we've shut off the water to your cell for tonight, so the blood will still be there tomorrow," she tossed out as we left the booth. There was no honor in what we had just done […] There wasn't enough hot water in all of Cuba to make me feel clean (Saar and Novak 2005, 221-229).
See also: ES10, ES27.
National/Ethnic Abuse
Verbal Abuse
(ES40) "Are you going to cooperate tonight?" Ben finally asked calmly. The detainee stared at the wall. "Why were you in Afghanistan?" Again nothing. "What the fuck are you looking at, asshole?" Answer the goddam question! Why were you in Kandahar, you terrorist fuck?" […] The conversation continued this way for a good half hour. Ben asked the detainee the same question again and again, and the detainee gave the same answer […] "Tell me why you were in Afghanistan." Nothing. "What is your fucking problem?" Ben shouted as he stood up. "Do you want to stay here the rest of your life?" Nothing. Ben sat back down and tried to look the detainee in the eye, but he avoided Ben. "Listen to me you little bitch, I'm going to make you hate life! Do you understand? Start talking! Why were you in Afghanistan?" No response. Ben called the detainee a liar and every obscenity in the book. […] After a half hour of the same shit Ben got up, kicked his chair, and stormed out of the room […] Ben decided to take a break for about an hour while the detainee remained hunched in his exceedingly uncomfortable position in the booth. When we went back in around 2330 we replayed the previous questioning for another half an hour. Shortly after midnight Ben ended the interrogation. "We have all the time in the world," he told the detainee. "We can do this every night if you want to." (Saar and Novak 2005, 172ff).
(ES41) Translating interrogations could pose real conundrums. In a session with Ben I found myself puzzling over how to convey one of the many obscenities he was spewing at the latest uncooperative detainee. Ben kicked a chair in front of the guy and yelled, "You are going to rot in this place, you terrorist motherfucker!" | Motherfucker really doesn't translate into Arabic very well (Saar and Novak 2005, 219).
Abuse en route to Guantanamo
(ES42) "I [= Wael] was living in a village outside Kandahar when we saw the large American planes flying in the area. We had no idea what was going on, no idea why the Americans were coming to take over. Days later the Northern Alliance moved in and took away every Arab man in the area in addition to some Afghanis of fighting age. They took us to their own prison for a few days, which made this place look like a palace. | "For three days they tortured us," Wael continued. "I watched one man get sodomized. Another man got a beating that nearly killed him. They gave us very little water and very little food" (Saar and Novak 2005, 80).
(ES43) Recent press reports had indicated that the United States was paying bounties for terror suspects, and American officials had made reference to this happening as well. It was a troubling piece of information. We all knew people who would turn in their own grandmother for the right sum, and five thousand dollars went a long way in a place like Afghanistan (Saar and Novak 2005, 82).


text:
This week in Material Insights, we're highlighting a major milestone for plastics in the shale gas era.
Nova Chemicals Corp. recently became the first plastics company to use ethane from the Marcellus Shale Basin to convert to ethylene.
Nova senior vice president Chris Bezaire gave the story exclusively to Plastics News correspondent Mike Lauzon, saying that the company was – this is how he put it – "introducing our first molecules from Marcellus" to Nova's Corunna, Ontario, cracker.
Nova has been accepting delivery of ethane from Marcellus deposits in Pennsylvania and storing it in former underground salt caverns under Sarnia, Ontario. Now the company is completing a conversion at Corruna to use exclusively the low-cost ethane in the first quarter of 2014.
That's a big step. As you know, the North American chemical industry is preparing for a new era of plentiful, low-cost feedstocks, much of it from the Midwestern United States. Hydraulic fracturing is helping to open up exploration of production of shale gas there.
Dow Chemical Company recently estimated that an economic boom as a result of shale gas production will create 485,000 petrochemicals-related construction jobs, 55,000 resin production jobs and 10,000 new plastics manufacturing jobs.
But until Nova's announcement, last week, this was all off in the future.
There will be more to come. New supplies of shale gas have prompted petrochemicals firms to announce ethylene expansions totaling almost 20 billion pounds per year, and propylene projects of almost 9 billion pounds.
Nova is among the companies looking to capitalize. Already, the company is increasing the amount of ethane it uses in its ethylene plant. Corruna will also be expanded by 2018 by about 20 percent, from its current nameplate capacity of about 1.8 billion pounds per year.
Nova also is debottlenecking capacity at its Moore, Ontario, low density polyethylene plant, and retrofitting a high density polyethylene line there. And Nova is building a new linear low density PE plant in Joffre, Alberta, plus it is still planning a technology facility that it expects to have running by 2020.
In other materials news, Belgium-based Solvay announced two long-awaited deals last week – the sale of its majority stake in a South American PVC joint venture, and the sale of its Benvic PVC compounding business in Europe.
The buyer of the South American business was Brazil's Braskem. Braskem is paying about $25 million for the business, plus assuming debt of about 178 million euros.
The business has 936 employees and plants in Argentina and Brazil, with combined annual capacity of more than 1 billion pounds. As we've previously reported, Mexichem also had been interested in buying that business, which has been known as Solvay Indupa.
The second deal is with a U.S.-based private equity form, OpenGate Capital.
Los Angeles-based OpenGate expects to close on the purchase of Solvay's Benvic business in the first half of next year. OpenGate has a growing position in Europe's PVC market. At the beginning of this year, the company bought a PVC profile extruder from Tessenderlo Group.
Combining that profile business with Benvic will give OpenGate PVC-related product sales in Europe of nearly $330 million.
Benvic's manufacturing plants are in France, Italy and Spain. The business employs around 200 people and has annual sales of $220 million.
Solvay is selling the businesses so it can reduce its exposure to the economic cycle and to energy-intensive businesses. The company believes it can grow faster by investing in businesses with lower capital intensity.


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ConnectUp is Back to Northgate Market
Thursday mornings we attend the Chamber's ConnectUp at Northgate Market. This is the place to meet influential people, establish business and personal relationships. This is not a typical "hard-sell networking" event. You might ask who attends? Members of the Chamber, business owners, and managers, elected officials, city staff, police officers, active residents, people looking for employment and some looking for jobs.
If you are not a member, come as our guest to check it out. No agenda, just a quick round of introductions and announcements. Free to members and invited guests. We do contribute $1.00 each to help cover any costs to Northgate Markets.
Chamber Business Alliance - CBA Limited Attendance
As a member of a CBA participating Chamber, you are welcome to attend ConnectUp on the first Thursday of each month, only. You are welcome to pass out cards and will have an opportunity to participate when we do introductions.
If you are interested in attending as an invited guest, please call (562) 697-1704.
Date and Time
Thursday Nov 30, 2023
Thursdays, 8-9 AM
Northgate Market
Pasea Gonzalez
1305 W. Whittier Blvd.
La Habra, CA 90631
Free to members and invited guests. If you are interested in attending as an invited guest, please call (562) 697-1704.


text:
Buhari has not Disappointed me, National Conference a Distraction says Obasanjo
Former President Olusegun Obasanjo says that the current Nigerian leader, Muhammadu Buhari, has not disappointed him since he assumed office in 2015.
Obasanjo stated this in an interview with the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) at his hilltop residence in Abeokuta.
While reflecting on the Buhari administration since 2015, Obasanjo said that the president had done his best to move the country forward.
"Whatever anybody says, President Buhari has not disappointed me from what I know of him,'' he said.
He said the president had delivered on his core areas of strength and ability, particularly in the anti-corruption crusade and the war against insurgency.
"In my book, I have said that Buhari is not strong on the economy and I did not write this to run him down.
"I also used to think that he is not strong in the area of foreign affairs, but I have realised that he has improved very well.
"He has actually done his best in the areas where we know him to be strong," he said.
The elder statesman urged Nigerians not to relent in their support for Buhari and not to give up on Nigeria.
"Whatever you might see as bad in Nigeria, other societies have gone through the same at some period in their history.
"It is not for us to begin to condemn but to begin to join hands together and consider how we can make the best out of our present.
""Our present situation is a passing phase and we need to be resilient to ensure that we are not consumed by it.
"I will be the first to admit that we have not been where we should have been, but note that we have also been far from where we could have been because it could have been worse.
"It is the height of ingratitude for people to say Nigeria has not achieved anything or much as a nation.
"The generation before mine fought for Nigeria's independence, that is great.
"My own generation, which is the next, fought to sustain the unity of Nigeria.
"Since 1999, Nigeria had enjoyed 18 years of unbroken democracy.
"We witnessed in 2007 a transition of power from one individual to another in the same party.
"We witnessed in 2015 a transition of power from an individual in the ruling party to another individual in the opposition party.
"All these should not be taken for granted," he said.
Obasanjo also decried the call for national conferences or assemblies to negotiate the continued unity of Nigeria.
The former president who, described such conferences as distractions, said he did not bother to read the report of the last one organised by former President Goodluck Jonathan.
"We Nigerians need ourselves and if anyone thinks he does not need another person, good luck to him.
"What I see in all those groups trying to break away is that they want more of the national cake.
"The fact that you want more of the cake means that it is good and you like it, else you will not be asking for more of it.
"I do understand the agitations of the youths in that the increased facilities that now exist as against our own time have not translated to adequate opportunities for them.
"But I think that rather than engage in violence, they should think of how to build on the sacrifices of the generations before them," he said.
The elder statesman, who would turn 80 on March 5, said he had no regrets at such an age.
He said that his hope that Nigeria would still be a great nation was still intact.


text: Good morning. I'm David Greene. We know Santa has to speak a lot of languages because of his world travels, but he continues to amaze. At a store near Boston, three-year-old Cameron Sylvester had his chance to meet Santa, but the boy, who's legally deaf, stayed back. Santa saw his hearing aid and in sign language asked that magic question: Are you a good boy? Cameron's mother told WCBV News she wanted to cry. A lot of people don't know sign language, she said, but then there's Santa. It's MORNING EDITION. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


text:
Bob Dylan Announces 'Travelin' Thru, 1967-1969′ Box Set
The next installment in Bob Dylan's Bootleg Series will focus on his return to his recording career in the years following his 1966 motorcycle accident.
Travelin' Thru, 1967–1969: The Bootleg Series Vol. 15 will arrive on Nov. 1 and feature outtakes from John Wesley Harding and Nashville Skyline, and give the first official releases to the oft-bootlegged 1969 session with Johnny Cash -- who gets a featured credit on the set -- with a few extras thrown in.
The seven John Wesley Harding outtakes have never been bootlegged. A source close to Dylan told Rolling Stone that choosing what to include was difficult: "There just doesn't seem to be many alternate versions of the songs. The ones we have are often very similar to each other. We had to include 'All Along the Watchtower,' but it's not like 'All Along the Watchtower' cha-cha or anything. But 'I Pity the Poor Immigrant' is great and has a completely different melody. I don't think anything had more than three complete takes."
You can listen to "I Pity the Poor Immigrant" below.
Looking for Nashville Skyline outtakes proved a different challenge, because approximately half of the tapes couldn't be located. "There was an engineer who had taken some of the tapes home and put them in a storage locker," the source noted. "Someone later bought them for a couple of grand and Sony had to buy the tapes back. Most of what we have comes from the storage locker, but the rest were lost. From the best we can tell, they are just gone."
The dates with Cash -- intended for an album that never got released -- exist in full and take up half of the three CDs. The set contains 25 tracks, including "Wanted Man," which they wrote on the spot and Cash recorded for At San Quentin a week later, and six songs featuring Carl Perkins.
The collection is rounded out by the three numbers Dylan recorded during his appearance on The Johnny Cash Show, covers of two Cash songs -- "Ring of Fire" and "Folsom Prison Blues" -- from the Self Portrait sessions and four tunes recorded with bluegrass legend Earl Scruggs and family for a documentary.
You can see the track listing below.
Bob Dylan (Featuring Johnny Cash), 'Travelin' Thru, 1967–1969: The Bootleg Series Vol. 15' Track Listing
Disc One
'John Wesley Harding' Sessions
1. "Drifter's Escape" – Take 1 (Alternate Version)
2. "I Dreamed I Saw St. Augustine" – Take 2 (Alternate Version)
3. "All Along the Watchtower" – Take 3 (Alternate Version)
4. "John Wesley Harding" – Take 1 (Alternate Version)
5. "As I Went Out One Morning" – Take 1 (Alternate Version)
6. "I Pity the Poor Immigrant" – Take 4 (Alternate Version)
7. "I Am a Lonesome Hobo" – Take 4 (Alternate Version)
'Nashville Skyline' Sessions
8. "I Threw It All Away" – Take 1 (Alternate Version)
9. "To Be Alone With You" – Take 1 (Alternate Version)
10. "Lay Lady Lay" – Take 2 (Alternate Version)
11. "One More Night" – Take 2 (Alternate Version)
12. "Western Road" – Take 1 (Outtake)
13. "Peggy Day" – Take 1 (Alternate Version)
14. "Tell Me That It Isn't True" – Take 2 (Alternate Version)
15. "Country Pie" – Take 2 (Alternate Version)
Disc Two
The Dylan-Cash Sessions
1. "I Still Miss Someone" – Take 5
2. "Don't Think Twice, It's All Right"/"Understand Your Man" – Rehearsal
3. "One Too Many Mornings" – Take 3
4. "Mountain Dew" – Take 1
5. "Mountain Dew" – Take 2
6. "I Still Miss Someone" – Take 2
7. "Careless Love" – Take 1
8. "Matchbox" – Take 1
9. "That's All Right, Mama" – Take 1
10. "Mystery Train"/"This Train Is Bound for Glory" – Take 1
11. "Big River" – Take 1
12. "Girl from the North Country" – Rehearsal
13. "Girl from the North Country" – Take 1
14. "I Walk the Line" – Take 2
15. "Guess Things Happen That Way" – Rehearsal
16. "Guess Things Happen That Way" – Take 3
17. "Five Feet High and Rising" – Take 1
18. "You Are My Sunshine" – Take 1
19. "Ring of Fire" – Take 1
Disc Three
The Dylan-Cash Sessions
1. Studio Chatter
2. "Wanted Man" – Take 1
3. "Amen" – Rehearsal
4. "Just a Closer Walk With Thee" – Take 1
5. "Jimmie Rodgers Medley No. 1" – Take 1
6. "Jimmie Rodgers Medley No. 2" – Take 2
Live on 'The Johnny Cash Show'
7. "I Threw It All Away"
8. "Living the Blues"
9. "Girl From the North Country"
'Self Portrait' sessions
10. "Ring of Fire" (Outtake)
11. "Folsom Prison Blues" (Outtake)
With Earl Scruggs
12. Earl Scruggs Interview
13. "East Virginia Blues"
14. "To Be Alone With You"
15. "Honey, Just Allow Me One More Chance"
16. "Nashville Skyline Rag"


text:
Thursday, January 6, 2011
Late Great Monday Give: In a People House
To thank you guys for being here for Roy McKie week, I wanted to offer up a copy of his book (penned by the good doctor) In A People House.
All you have to do to be entered to win is comment on this post between now and Sunday the ninth at 11:59 PM. A winner will be selected at random and announced the next day.
Be sure and check back because I do not contact winners... they must come to me! With a late entry like this, there's a good chance you'll win, too. Yes, I am talking to YOU. Good luck to all!
Read along on Facebook, tumblr, Twitter and Etsy!
28 comments:
- Jennifer Gregory Miller said...
I've enjoyed the Roy McKie week. We don't have this book, so that would be great if I actually won something!
- January 6, 2011 at 12:25 PM
- AmyB said...
Thanks as always.
- January 6, 2011 at 12:30 PM
- The Happy Acorn said...
We'd love a copy of this book. Thank you for the entry. :)
- January 6, 2011 at 12:35 PM
- Unknown said...
well if you put it that way:) love roy mckie week. it's been really great. and so are you.
- January 6, 2011 at 12:49 PM
- A Life Less Complicated said...
ohh count me in - I love everything Dr Seuss
- January 6, 2011 at 1:12 PM
- Celeste said...
My emerging readers are crazy for Dr. Seuss right now. Thank you!
- January 6, 2011 at 2:19 PM
- Dan Moynihan said...
I haven't seen this one, and I'm hoping to find out what happens in a people house!
- January 6, 2011 at 2:20 PM
- Catherine said...
What a great tribute! I wasn't aware of all that McKie accomplished, though I've always enjoyed his work. Now I'll look at it with fresh eyes.
- January 6, 2011 at 2:26 PM
- Catherine said...
What a great tribute! I wasn't aware of all that McKie accomplished, though I've always enjoyed his work. Now I'll look at it with fresh eyes.
- January 6, 2011 at 2:27 PM
- Kristen said...
I'm just starting to get into vintage books and I LOVE your blog!
- January 6, 2011 at 2:29 PM
- Andrea said...
My son would love this!
- January 6, 2011 at 2:38 PM
Love Roy McKie! Great week and thanks for the chance to win.
- January 6, 2011 at 2:57 PM
- heather said...
Love this book!
- January 6, 2011 at 4:14 PM
- john & catherine said...
I've enjoyed the week too--thanks for the inspiration. We'd love to win, too. Thanks!
- January 6, 2011 at 7:10 PM
- Heather VanTimmeren said...
I had this when I was a kid, but it disappeared somewhere along the way. I'd love to win a copy for my kids!
- January 6, 2011 at 7:27 PM
- Joy said...
Never read this one. Thanks for the opportunity to win it!
- January 6, 2011 at 7:49 PM
- nopinkhere said...
I've enjoyed learning more about McKie. I ordered two of the Cerf/McKie joke books for my son after reading your posts. I'm sure he'll love them. Thank you!
- January 6, 2011 at 9:05 PM
I have to enter this one -- I'd forgotten all about this book. Thanks for featuring McKie.
- January 7, 2011 at 2:07 AM
- Nohemí said...
I wanna try!! Your books are amazing, thank you for sharing!!
- January 7, 2011 at 4:44 AM
- Bad Ronald said...
I am in love with the simplicity of the books from this era.
- January 7, 2011 at 9:39 AM
- Jayna Wallace said...
I've been a fan of Roy McKie for years (I just never knew it until this week!) I loved so many of his books as a child - thanks so much for the opportunity to enjoy his talents all over again!
- January 7, 2011 at 3:50 PM
- Frogs Mom said...
I'm a new follower to your blog (having followed a link on Snow, if I recall) and I've been enjoying this series on Roy McKie. We received Ten Apples on Top from a friend of my husband's who was an elementary school teacher in a former life. I'm looking forward to discovering more of Roy's books.
- January 7, 2011 at 8:52 PM
- ShinyBrite said...
I wasn't familiar with Roy McKie. Thanks!
- January 7, 2011 at 9:04 PM
- Unknown said...
Looks like fun. Gotta love the crazy rhymes!
- January 7, 2011 at 9:32 PM
- Jaedyn said...
This looks so cute! Thanks for giving away a copy. :) :) :)
- January 7, 2011 at 11:01 PM
- Jessi said...
I was looking for inspiration for my art, love children's vintage books and have a small collection, and just happened on this blog by way of Google today. I enjoyed reading about Roy McKie. I've bookmarked this site and it will be a part of my daily reads. Thanks so much for your generosity!
- January 9, 2011 at 6:42 PM
- Chella Quint said...
Just got here via a link for 'king of mice', which was the result of a dinner party conversation I wasn't even a part of! I love it when things like that happen. I found 'The King, The Mice and The Cheese' which was one of my favourite books as a kid in the US. Now that I live in the UK, I'm so glad I found this blog, as I'd love to find as many of these books as I can, to rebuild my childhood library for our future-family-planning. I remember nearly all the ones I've scrolled through so far. Can't wait to see more of this site! And of course, I'd love In A People House.
Chella - January 9, 2011 at 7:33 PM
- Amy said...
Thank you for interviewing Roy Mckie and sharing his story with us. I have swooned over his illustrations in the Riddles books, but didn't know anything about him. Thank you for your tribute to this talented and kind man!
- January 9, 2011 at 8:55 PM


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