text: Bologna (/bəˈloʊnjə/; Italian pronunciation: [boˈloɲɲa] ( ); Emilian: Bulåggna pronounced [buˈləɲɲa]; Latin: Bononia) is the largest city (and the capital) of the Emilia-Romagna Region in Italy. It is the seventh most populous city in Italy, located in the heart of a metropolitan area (officially recognized by the Italian government as a città metropolitana) of about one million. The first settlements date back to at least 1000 BC. The city has been an urban centre, first under the Etruscans (Velzna/Felsina) and the Celts (Bona), then under the Romans (Bononia), then again in the Middle Ages, as a free municipality (for one century it was the fifth largest European city based on population). Home to the oldest university in the world, University of Bologna, founded in 1088, Bologna hosts thousands of students who enrich the social and cultural life of the city. Famous for its towers and lengthy porticoes, Bologna has a well-preserved historical centre (one of the largest in Italy) thanks to a careful restoration and conservation policy which began at the end of the 1970s, on the heels of serious damage done by the urban demolition at the end of the 19th century as well as that caused by wars. An important cultural and artistic centre, its importance in terms of landmarks can be attributed to homogenous mixture of monuments and architectural examples (medieval towers, antique buildings, churches, the layout of its historical centre) as well as works of art which are the result of a first class architectural and artistic history. Bologna is also an important transportation crossroad for the roads and trains of Northern Italy, where many important mechanical, electronic and nutritional industries have their headquarters. According to the most recent data gathered by the European Regional Economic Growth Index (E-REGI) of 2009, Bologna is the first Italian city and the 47th European city in terms of its economic growth rate. Bologna is home to prestigious cultural, economic and political institutions as well as one of the most impressive trade fair districts in Europe. In 2000 it was declared European capital of culture and in 2006, a UNESCO "city of music". The city of Bologna was selected to participate in the Universal Exposition of Shanghai 2010 together with 45 other cities from around the world. Bologna is also one of the wealthiest cities in Italy, often ranking as one of the top cities in terms of quality of life in the country: in 2011 it ranked 1st out of 107 Italian cities. History Etruscan, Celtic and Roman times The area around Bologna has been inhabited since the 9th century BC, as evidenced by the archeological digs in the 19th century in nearby Villanova (Castenaso). This period, and up to the 6th century, is referred to as the Villanovan culture, and had various nuclei of people spread out around this area. In the 7th and 6th centuries BC, Etruria began to have an influence on this area, and the population went from Umbrian to Etruscan. The town was renamed Felsina. In the 4th century BC, the city and the surrounding area were conquered by the Boii, a Celtic tribe from Transalpine Gaul. The tribe settled down and mixed so well with the Etruscans, after a brief period of aggression, that they created a civilization that modern historians call Gaul-Etruscan (one of the best examples is the archeological complex of Monte Bibele, in the Apennines near Bologna). The Gauls dominated the area until 196 BC, when they were sacked by the Romans. After the Battle of Telamon, in which the forces of the Boii and their allies were badly beaten, the tribe reluctantly accepted the influence of the Roman Republic, but with the outbreak of the Punic Wars the Celts once more went on a war path. They first helped Hannibal's army cross the Alps then they supplied him with a consistent force of infantry that proved itself decisive in several battles. With the downfall of the Carthaginians came the end of the Boii as a free people, the Romans destroyed many settlements and villages (Monte Bibele was one of them) and then founded the colonia of Bononia in c. 189 BC. The settlers included three thousand Latin families led by the consul Lucius Valerius Flaccus. The Celtic population was ultimately absorbed into Roman society but parts of the language have survived in some measure in the Bolognese dialect, which belongs to the Gallo-Italic group of languages and dialects. The building of the Via Aemilia in 187 BC made Bologna an important centre, connected to Arezzo by way of the Via Flaminia minor and to Aquileia through the Via Aemilia Altinate. In 88 BC, the city became a municipium: it had a rectilinear street plan with six cardi and eight decumani (intersecting streets) which are still discernible today. During the Roman era, its population varied between c. 12,000 to c. 30,000. At its peak, it was the second city of Italy, and one of the most important of all the Empire, with various temples and baths, a theatre, and an arena. Pomponius Mela included Bononia among the five opulentissimae ("richest") cities of Italy. Although fire damaged the city during the reign of Claudius, the Roman Emperor Nero rebuilt it in the 1st century AD. After the fall of the Roman Empire, Bologna fell under the power of Odoacer, Theoderic the Great (493–526), Byzantium and finally the Lombards, who used it mostly as a military centre. In 774, the city fell to Charlemagne, who gave it to Pope Adrian I. Middle Ages After a long decline, Bologna was reborn in the 5th century under Bishop Petronius. According to legend, St. Petronius built the church of S. Stefano. After the fall of Rome, Bologna was a frontier stronghold of the Exarchate of Ravenna in the Po plain, and was defended by a line of walls which did not enclose most of the ancient ruined Roman city. In 728, the city was captured by the Lombard king Liutprand, becoming part of the Lombard Kingdom. The Germanic conquerors formed a district called "addizione longobarda" near the complex of S. Stefano. Charlemagne stayed in this district in 786. In the 11th century, under the Holy Roman Empire, Bologna began to aspire to being a free commune, which it was able to do when Matilda of Tuscany died, in 1115, and the following year the city obtained many judicial and economic concessions from Emperor Henry V. Bologna joined the Lombard League against Frederick Barbarossa in 1164 which ended with the Peace of Constance in 1183; after which, the city began to expand rapidly (this is the period in which its famous towers were built) and it became one of the main commercial trade centres thanks to a system of canals that allowed large ships to come and go. Traditionally said to be founded in 1088, the University of Bologna is widely considered to be the first university. The university originated as an international centre of study of medieval Roman law under major glossators, including Irnerius. It numbered Dante, Boccaccio and Petrarca among its students. In the 12th century, the expanding city needed a new line of walls, and at the end of the 13th century, Bologna had between 50,000 and 60,000 inhabitants making it the fifth largest city in Europe (after Cordova, Paris, Venice, and Florence) and tied with Milan as the largest textile industry area in Italy. The complex system of canals in Bologna was one of the most advanced waterway systems in Europe, and took its water from the Savena, Aposa and Reno Rivers. The main canals were Canale Navile, Canale di Reno and Canale di Savena. Hydraulic energy derived from the canal system helped run the numerous textile mills and transport goods. In 1256, Bologna promulgated the "Paradise Law", which abolished feudal serfdom and freed the slaves, using public money. At that time the city centre was full of towers (perhaps 180), built by the leading families, notable public edifices, churches, and abbeys. In the 1270s Bologna's politics was dominated by Luchetto Gattilusio, a Genoese diplomat and man of letters who became the city Governor. Like most Italian cities of that age, Bologna was torn by internal struggles related to the Guelph and Ghibelline factions, which led to the expulsion of the Ghibelline family of the Lambertazzi in 1274. After this period of great prosperity, Bologna experienced some ups and downs: The city were home to some 50,000 people in the early 1300s. it was crushed in the Battle of Zappolino by Modena in 1325 but then prospered under the rule of Taddeo Pepoli (1337–1347). Then in 1348, during the Black Plague, about 30,000 inhabitants died, and it subsequently fell to the Visconti of Milan, but returned to Papal control under Cardinal Gil de Albornoz in 1360. In the following years, Republican governments like that of 1377, which was responsible for the building of the Basilica di San Petronio and the Loggia dei Mercanti, alternated with Papal or Visconti resurgences, while the city's families engaged in continual internecine fighting. Early modern In 1337, the rule of the noble Pepoli family, nicknamed by some scholars as the "underground nobles" as they governed as "the first among equals" rather than as true nobles of the city. This noble family's rule was in many ways an extension of past rules, and resisted until March 28, 1401 when the Bentivoglio family took over. The Bentivoglio family ruled Bologna, first with Sante (1445–1462) and then under Giovanni II (1462–1506). This period was a flourishing one for the city, with the presence of notable architects and painters who made Bologna a true city of art. During the Renaissance, Bologna was the only Italian city that allowed women to excel in any profession. Women had much more freedom than in other Italian cities; some even had the opportunity to earn a degree at the university. The School of Bologna of painting flourished in Bologna between the 16th and 17th centuries, and rivalled Florence and Rome as the centre of painting. Giovanni's reign ended in 1506 when the Papal troops of Julius II besieged Bologna and sacked the artistic treasures of his palace. From that point on, until the 18th century, Bologna was part of the Papal States, ruled by a cardinal legato and by a Senate which every two months elected a gonfaloniere (judge), assisted by eight elder consuls. In 1530, in front of Saint Petronio Church, Charles V was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Clement VII. Then a plague at the end of the 16th century reduced the population from 72,000 to 59,000, and another in 1630 to 47,000. The population later recovered to a stable 60,000–65,000. However, there was also great progress during this era: in 1564, the Piazza del Nettuno and the Palazzo dei Banchi were built, along with the Archiginnasio, the centre of the University. The period of Papal rule saw the construction of many churches and other religious establishments, and the reincarnation of older ones. At this time, Bologna had ninety-six convents, more than any other Italian city. Artists working during this period in Bologna established the Bolognese School which includes Annibale Carracci, Domenichino, Guercino and others of European fame. Late modern and contemporary In 1796 Napoleon conquered Bologna, making it the capital of the short lived Cispadane Republic. After the fall of Napoleon, the Congress of Vienna of 1815 placed Bologna once again under the sovereignty of the Papal States, leading to the uprisings of 1831 and 1848, when the Austrian garrisons which controlled the city where temporarily expelled. Eventually, during the Second War of Italian Independence, on 11 and 12 March 1860 the city voted in favour of annexation by the Kingdom of Sardinia, soon to become the new Kingdom of Italy. World War II Bologna suffered extensive damage during World War II. The strategic importance of the city as industrial and railway hub connecting northern and central Italy made it a strategic target for the Allied forces. On July 16, 1943 a massive aerial bombardment destroyed much of the historic city centre and killed scores of people. The main railway station and adjoining areas were severely hit, and 44% of the buildings in the centre were listed as having been destroyed or severely damaged. The city was heavily bombed again on September 25. The raids, which this time were not confined to the city centre, left 936 people dead and thousands injured. During the war, the city became a key centre of the Italian resistance movement and The Ustaše – Croatian Revolutionary Movement (known as the brothers in arms). On November 7, 1944, a pitched battle around Porta Lame, waged by partisans of the 7th Brigade of the Gruppi d'Azione Patriottica against Fascist and Nazi occupation forces, did not succeed in triggering a general uprising, despite being one of the largest resistance-led urban conflicts in the European theatre. Resistance forces entered Bologna on the morning of April 21, 1945. By this time, the Germans had already largely left the city in the face of the Allied advance, spearheaded by Polish forces advancing from the east during the Battle of Bologna which had been fought since April 9. First to arrive in the centre was the 87th Infantry Regiment of the Friuli Combat Group under general Arturo Scattini, who entered the centre from Porta Maggiore to the south. Since the soldiers were dressed in British outfits, they were initially thought to be part of the allied forces; when the local inhabitants heard the soldiers were speaking Italian, they poured out on to the streets to celebrate. Polish reconnaissance units of the Polish 2nd Corps entered Bologna from another direction on the same morning as the Friuli Combat Group. The fighting to oust the Germans from the town had been mostly undertaken by Polish troops. Post-war years In the post-war years, Bologna became a thriving industrial centre as well as a political stronghold of the Italian Communist Party. Between 1945 and 1999, the city had an uninterrupted series of left-wing mayors, the first of whom was Giuseppe Dozza. In 1977 Bologna was the scene of rioting linked to the Movement of 1977, a spontaneous political movement of the time. The alleged police shooting of a far-left activist, Francesco Lorusso, sparked two days of street clashes that led the government to send in armored vehicles. On 2 August 1980, at the height of the "years of lead", a terrorist bomb was set off in the central railway station of Bologna killing 85 people and wounding 200, an event which is known in Italy as the Bologna massacre. In 1995, members of the neo-fascist group Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari were convicted for carrying out the attack, while Licio Gelli—Grand Master of the underground Freemason lodge Propaganda Due (P2)—was convicted for hampering the investigation, together with three agents of the secret military intelligence service SISMI (including Francesco Pazienza and Pietro Musumeci). Commemorations take place in Bologna on 2 August each year, culminating in a concert in the main square. In 1999 the long tradition of left-wing mayors was interrupted by the victory of the independent candidate Giorgio Guazzaloca, who led a centre-right coalition; this brief experience ended in 2004 when Sergio Cofferati, a former trade union leader, was elected. The next centre-left mayor, Flavio Delbono, elected in June 2009, resigned in January 2010 after being involved in a corruption scandal. After a 15-month period in which the city was administered under Anna Maria Cancellieri (as a state-appointed prefect), Virginio Merola was elected as mayor, leading a left-wing coalition comprising the Democratic Party, Left Ecology Freedom and Italy of Values. Geography Territory Bologna is situated on the edge of the Po Plain at the foot of the Apennine Mountains, at the meeting of the Reno and Savena river valleys. As Bologna's two main watercourses flow directly to the sea, the town lies outside of the drainage basin of the River Po. The Province of Bologna stretches from the western edge of the Po Plain on the border with Ferrara to the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines. The centre of the town is 54 metres (177 ft) above sea level (while elevation within the municipality ranges from 29 metres (95 ft) in the suburb of Corticella to 300 metres (980 ft) in Sabbiuno and the Colle della Guardia). The Province of Bologna stretches from the Po Plain into the Apennines; the highest point in the province is the peak of Corno alle Scale (in Lizzano in Belvedere) at 1,945 metres (6,381 ft) above sea level. Climate Bologna has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa), with little influence from the sea; the climatic classification is "zone E, 2259 GR/G". Winters can be cold (−28.8 °C (−20 °F) was recorded in Molinella on the night of January 12, 1985). The record lows recorded in the last twenty years are around −10 °C (14 °F), while summers are hot and muggy due to the high humidity in this area, and they can be long with long periods of drought (as in 2003); in July and August it is normal for temperatures to rise above 37 °C (99 °F). Annual precipitation oscillates between around 450 mm (18 in) and 900 mm (35 in), with the majority generally falling in spring and autumn. Snow is fairly common during winter and heavy snowfalls, even lasting for days, are not unheard of; the last major event was in February 2012, when almost a meter of snow fell on the city and up to 2 meters on the outskirts. Moderate wind contributes to the formation of fog and haze and to an elevated smog due to local traffic, as well as to the combustion in heating systems (most of which have been converted to methane gas) and industrial establishments. Occasionally, despite all of this, there have been days with gusts up to 120 km/hour (for example on December 26, 1996) due to the winds coming down off the mountains (sometimes the buran from the Siberian steppe reaches the foot of the Apennines); during the month of August, in particular, strong gusts of more than 100 km/hour have been recorded during localized storms. Government The legislative body of the municipality is the City Council (Consiglio Comunale), which is composed of 36 councillors elected every five years with a proportional system, contextually to the mayoral elections. The executive body is the City Committee (Giunta Comunale), composed by 7 assessors, that is nominated and presieded over by a directly elected Mayor. The current mayor of Bologna is Virginio Merola (PD), elected on 16 May 2011 with the 50.5% of the votes. The municipality of Bologna is subdivided into nine administrative Boroughs (Quartieri). Each Borough is governed by a Council (Consiglio) and a President, elected contextually to the city Mayor. The urban organization is governed by the Italian Constitution (art. 114). The Boroughs have the power to advise the Mayor with nonbinding opinions on a large spectrum of topics (environment, construction, public health, local markets) and exercise the functions delegated to them by the City Council; in addition they are supplied with an autonomous founding in order to finance local activities. Of the nine boroughs, eight are governed by the Democratic Party and one by the Lega Nord. Main sights For a complete list, see Buildings and structures in Bologna Until the late 19th century, when a large-scale urban renewal project was undertaken, Bologna remained one of the few remaining large walled cities in Europe; to this day and despite having suffered considerable bombing damage in 1944, Bologna's 350 acres (141.64 ha) historic centre is Europe's second largest, containing an immense wealth of important medieval, renaissance, and baroque artistic monuments. Bologna developed along the Via Emilia as an Etruscan and later Roman colony; the Via Emilia still runs straight through the city under the changing names of Strada Maggiore, Rizzoli, Ugo Bassi, and San Felice. Due to its Roman heritage, the central streets of Bologna, today largely pedestrianized, follow the grid pattern of the Roman settlement. The original Roman ramparts were supplanted by a high medieval system of fortifications, remains of which are still visible, and finally by a third and final set of ramparts built in the 13th century, of which numerous sections survive. No more than twenty medieval defensive towers remain out of up to 180 that were built in the 12th and 13th centuries before the arrival of unified civic government. The most famous of the towers of Bologna are the central "Due Torri" (Asinelli and Garisenda), whose iconic leaning forms provide a popular symbol of the town. The cityscape is further enriched by its elegant and extensive porticoes, for which the city is famous. In total, there are some 38 kilometres (24 miles) of porticoes in the city's historical centre (over 45 km (28 mi) in the city proper), which make it possible to walk for long distances sheltered from the elements. The Portico di San Luca is possibly the world's longest. It connects Porta Saragozza (one of the twelve gates of the ancient walls built in the Middle Ages, which circled a 7.5 km (4.7 mi) part of the city) with the Sanctuary of the Madonna di San Luca, a church begun in 1723 on the site of an 11th-century edifice which had already been enlarged in the 14th century, prominently located on a hill (289 metres (948 feet)) overlooking the town, which is one of Bologna's main landmarks. The winding 666 vault arcade, almost four kilometres (3,796 m) long, effectively links San Luca, as the church is commonly called, to the centre of town. Its porticos provide shelter for the traditional procession which every year since 1433 has carried a Byzantine icon of the Madonna with Child attributed to Luke the Evangelist down to the Bologna Cathedral during Ascension week. Other churches in Bologna include: Basilica of San Petronio, one of the world's largest churches Basilica of Santo Stefano and sanctuary Basilica of San Domenico and sanctuary Basilica of St Francis Basilica of Santa Maria dei Servi Basilica of San Giacomo Maggiore (13th–14th century), featuring Renaissance artworks such as the Bentivoglio Altarpiece by Lorenzo Costa Church of San Michele in Bosco Economy Bologna is an important railway and motorway hub in Italy. The economy of Bologna is characterized by a flourishing industrial sector, traditionally based on the transformation of agricultural and zootechnical products (Granarolo, Segafredo Zanetti). It also includes machinery (Coesia), automobiles, footwear, textile, engineering, chemical, printing and publishing industries, as well as a strong financial, insurance (Unipol) and retail (Coop Italia, Conad) activity. The city's Fiera District (exhibition centre) is one of the largest in Europe, with important yearly international expos focused on the automobile sector (Bologna Motor Show), ceramics for the building industry (International Exhibition of Ceramic Tiles and Bathroom Furnishings) and food industry. In addition, several important firms in the fields of automobiles (Lamborghini), motorcycles (Ducati), mechanics, food, tobacco and electronics have their headquarters in the urban area of Bologna, as well as important retail and wholesale trade (the "Centergross" in Argelato, esabilished in 1973), and one of the largest Italian food processing companies (Conserve Italia). Transport Bologna is home to the Guglielmo Marconi International Airport, recently expanded to accommodate larger aircraft. Today, it is the seventh busiest Italian airport for passenger traffic (almost 6 million passengers handled in 2011). Bologna Centrale railway station is one of the most important train hubs in Italy thanks to the city's strategic location. It serves 58 million passengers annually. In addition, Bologna San Donato classification yard, with 33 railway tracks, is the largest in Italy by size and traffic. The city is also served by a large network of public bus lines, including trolleybus lines, operated since 2012 by Trasporto Passeggeri Emilia-Romagna SpA (TPER). A large commuter rail service is currently under development (see Bologna metropolitan railway service). Demographics At the end of 2010, the city proper had a population of 380,604 (while 1 million live in the greater Bologna area), located in the province of Bologna, Emilia Romagna, of whom 46.7% were male and 53.3% were female. Minors (children ages 18 and younger) totalled 12.86 percent of the population compared to pensioners who number 27.02 percent. This compares with the Italian average of 18.06 percent (minors) and 19.94 percent (pensioners). The average age of Bologna resident is 51 compared to the Italian average of 42. In the five years between 2002 and 2007, the population of Bologna grew by 0.0 percent, while Italy as a whole grew by 3.56 percent. The current birth rate of Bologna is 8.07 births per 1,000 inhabitants compared to the Italian average of 9.45 births. As of 2009, 89.47% of the population was Italian. The largest immigrant group came from other European countries (mostly Romanians and Albanians): 2.82%, East Asia (mostly Filipino): 1.50%, and South Asia (mostly from Bangladesh): 1.39%. Education The University of Bologna, founded in 1088, is the second oldest existing university in the world after the University of al-Karaouine in Morocco, and was an important centre of European intellectual life during the Middle Ages, attracting scholars from throughout Christendom. A unique heritage of medieval art, exemplified by the illuminated manuscripts and jurists' tombs produced in the city from the 13th to the 15th centuries, provides a cultural backdrop to the renown of the medieval institution. The Studium, as it was originally known, began as a loosely organized teaching system with each master collecting fees from students on an individual basis. The location of the early University was thus spread throughout the city, with various colleges being founded to support students of a specific nationality. In the Napoleonic era, the headquarters of the university were moved to their present location on Via Zamboni (formerly Via San Donato), in the north-eastern sector of the city centre. Today, the University's 23 faculties, 68 departments, and 93 libraries are spread across the city and include four subsidiary campuses in nearby Cesena, Forlì, Ravenna, and Rimini. Noteworthy students present at the university in centuries past included Dante, Petrarch, Thomas Becket, Pope Nicholas V, Erasmus of Rotterdam, Peter Martyr Vermigli, and Copernicus. Laura Bassi, appointed in 1732, became the first woman to officially teach at a college in Europe. In more recent history, Luigi Galvani, the discoverer of biological electricity, and Guglielmo Marconi, the pioneer of radio technology, also worked at the University. The University of Bologna remains one of the most respected and dynamic post-secondary educational institutions in Italy. To this day, Bologna is still very much a university town, and the city's population swells from 400,000 to over 500,000 whenever classes are in session. This community includes a great number of Erasmus, Socrates, and overseas students. The university's botanical garden, the Orto Botanico dell'Università di Bologna, was established in 1568; it is the fourth oldest in Europe. Bologna is also home to other universities such as the Bologna Center of Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS). SAIS Bologna was founded in 1955 as the first campus of a US post-graduate school to open in Europe. It was inspired by Marshall Plan efforts to build a cultural bridge between America and Europe. Today, the Bologna Center also hosts the Associazione italo-americana "Luciano Finelli," which supports cross-cultural awareness and exchange between Italy and the United States. Culture Over the centuries, Bologna has acquired many nicknames: "the learned one" (la dotta) is a reference to its university; "the fat one" (la grassa) refers to its cuisine. "The red one" (la rossa) originally refers to the colour of the roofs in the historic centre, but this nickname is also connected to the political situation in the city, started after World War II: until the election of a centre-right mayor in 1999, the city was renowned as a bastion of socialism and communism in particular the Italian Communist Party. The centre-left regained power again in the 2004 mayoral elections, with the election of Sergio Cofferati. It was one of the first European cities to experiment with the concept of free public transport. The city of Bologna was appointed a UNESCO City of Music on 26 May 2006. According to UNESCO, "As the first Italian city to be appointed to the Network, Bologna has demonstrated a rich musical tradition that is continuing to evolve as a vibrant factor of contemporary life and creation. It has also shown a strong commitment to promoting music as an important vehicle for inclusion in the fight against racism and in an effort to encourage economic and social development. Fostering a wide range of genres from classical to electronic, jazz, folk and opera, Bologna offers its citizens a musical vitality that deeply infiltrates the city's professional, academic, social and cultural facets." Entertainment and performing arts The theatre was a popular form of entertainment in Bologna until the 16th century. The first public theater was the Teatro alla Scala, active since 1547 in Palazzo del Podestà. An important figure of Italian Bolognese theatre was Alfredo Testoni, the playwright, author of The Cardinal Lambertini, which has had great theatrical success since 1905, repeated on screen by the Bolognese actor Gino Cervi. In 1998, the City of Bologna has initiated the project "Bologna dei Teatri" (Bologna of the Theatres), an association of the major theatrical facilities in the city. This is a circuit of theatres which offer diverse and colourful cultural and theatrical opportunities, ranging from Bolognese dialect to contemporary dance, but with a communications strategy and promoting unity. Specifically, the shows on the bill in various theatres participating in the project are advertised weekly through a single poster. Bologna's opera house is the Teatro Comunale di Bologna. The Orchestra Mozart, whose music director was Claudio Abbado until his death in 2014, was created in 2004. Bologna hosts a number of festivals and other events, including: Angelica: International Contemporary Music Festival Bologna Contemporanea: international festival on contemporary Bolognafestival: international classical music festival Bologna Jazz Festival: the Italian autumn jazz event Biografilm Festival: International Film Festival devote to Biography BilBolBul:International Comic Festival Casadeipensieri: International Summer Festival of literature and poetry Danza Urbana: International Street Contemporary Dance Festival F.I.S.Co: International Festival on Contemporary art (now merged in Live Arts Week) Future Film Festival: International Festival on animation and special effects. Il Cinema Ritrovato: International Film Festival about Forgotten Films Live Arts Week Gender Bender: International Festival on the gender identity, sexual orientation and body representation Homework festival: electronic music festival Human Rights Film Festival Netmage: International Festival dedicated to Electronic Art (now merged in Live Arts Week) Some Prefer cake: Italian lesbian film festival Zecchino d'Oro: International festival of children's song Cuisine Bologna is renowned for its culinary tradition. It has given its name to the well-known Bolognese sauce, a meat based pasta sauce called in Italy ragù alla bolognese but in the city itself just ragù as in Tagliatelle al ragù. Situated in the fertile Po River Valley, the rich local cuisine depends heavily on meats and cheeses. As in all of Emilia-Romagna, the production of cured pork meats such as prosciutto, mortadella and salami is an important part of the local food industry. Well-regarded nearby vineyards include Pignoletto dei Colli Bolognesi, Lambrusco di Modena and Sangiovese di Romagna. Tagliatelle with ragù, lasagne, tortellini served in broth, and mortadella, the original Bologna sausage, are among the local specialties. Traditional Bolognese desserts are often linked to holidays, such as fave dei morti, multi-coloured almond paste cookies made for All Saints' Day, jam-filled raviole cookies that are served on Saint Joseph's Day, and carnival sweets known as sfrappole. Torta di riso, a custard-like cake made of almonds, rice and amaretto, is made throughout the year. Sport A sporting nickname for Bologna is Basket City in reference to the successes of the town's two rival historic basketball clubs, Fortitudo and Virtus; though the clubs are now often referred to by the names of their current sponsors. The Italian Basketball League, which operates both Lega A and LegADue, has its headquarters in Bologna. Football also has a strong tradition in Bologna. The city's main club, Bologna F.C. 1909, is currently in Serie B. The club play at the 38,000-capacity Stadio Renato Dall'Ara, which has hosted the Italian national team in both football and rugby union, as well as the San Marino national football team. It was also a venue at the 1990 FIFA World Cup. People Ulisse Aldrovandi (naturalist, 1522–1605) Antonio Alessandrini (anatomist and parasitologist, 1786–1861) Maria Gaetana Agnesi (mathematician, humanitarian, and linguist, 1718–1799) Amico Aspertini (painter, c. 1474–1552) Pupi Avati (director, born 1938) Riccardo Bacchelli (writer, 1891–1985) Adriano Banchieri (composer, 1568–1634) Agostino Barelli (architect, 1627–1687) Antonio Basoli (painter and scene designer, 1774–1848) Laura Bassi (scientist, first female appointed to university chair in Europe, 1711–1788) Ugo Bassi (Italian nationalist hero, executed for role in 1848 uprisings, 1800–1849) Stefano Benni (writer, born 1947) Benedict XIV (Prospero Lambertini, Pope 1740–58) Giovanni II Bentivoglio (1443–1508) Giordano Berti (writer, born 1959) Amedeo Biavati (footballer, 1915–1979, credited with the invention of the stepover, World Champion 1938, played only for Bologna FC) Francesco Ricci Bitti, Italian sports administrator Simone Bolelli (Professional Tennis Player, Born 1985) Giacomo Bolognini (painter, 1664–1734) Rafael Bombelli (mathematician, 1526–1572) Rossano Brazzi (actor, 1916–1994) Raffaella Carrà (singer, born 1943) Annibale Carracci (painter, 1560–1609) Lodovico Carracci (painter, 1555–1619) Agostino Carracci (painter, 1557–1602) Chiara Caselli (actress, born 1967) Pier Ferdinando Casini (politician, born 1955) Pietro Cataldi (mathematician, 1548–1626) Pierluigi Collina (football referee, born 1960) Giovanni Paolo Colonna (composer, 1637–1695) Alessandro Cortini (musician, born 1976) Giuseppe Maria Crespi (painter, 1665–1747) Donato Creti (painter, 1671–1749) Giulio Cesare Croce (cantastorie and writer, 1550–1609) Scipione del Ferro (mathematician, solved the cubic equation, 1465–1526) Francesco Francia (Francesco Raibolini, painter, c. 1450–1517) Lucio Dalla (singer-songwriter, 1943–2012) Domenichino (Domenico Zampieri, painter, 1581–1641) Sara Errani (tennis player, born 1987) Gianfranco Fini (politician, born 1952) Aristotile Fioravanti (architect, c. 1415–c. 1486) Luigi Galvani (scientist, discoverer of bioelectricity, 1737–1798) Alessandro Gamberini, (footballer, born 1981) Serena Grandi (actress, born 1958) Gregory XIII (Ugo Boncompagni, Pope 1572–85, instituted the Gregorian Calendar) Gregory XV (Alessandro Ludovisi, Pope 1621-3) Il Guercino (Giovanni Barbieri, painter, 1591–1666) Irnerius (jurist, c. 1050 – at least 1125) Blessed Imelda Lambertini (Dominican novice, Eucharistic mystic, and child saint, c. 1322 – 1333) Claudio Lolli (singer-songwriter, born 1950) Lucius II (Gherardo Caccianemici dell'Orso, Pope 1144-5) Marcello Malpighi (physiologist, anatomist and histologist, 1628–1694) Guglielmo Marconi (engineer, pioneer of wireless telegraphy, Nobel prize for Physics, 1874–1937) Giovanni Battista Martini (musical theorist, 1706–1784) Giuseppe Mezzofanti (cardinal, linguist and hyperpolyglot, 1774–1839) Marco Minghetti (economist and statesman, 1818–1886) Giorgio Morandi (painter, 1890–1964) Gianni Morandi (singer, born 1944) Edgardo Mortara (Catholic priest that was the subject of the Mortara Case during the Risorgimento, 1851–1940 ) Gianluca Pagliuca (footballer, born 1966) Pier Paolo Pasolini (writer, poet, director, 1922–1975) Roberto Regazzi (luthier, born 1956) Guido Reni (painter, 1575–1642) Ottorino Respighi (composer, 1879–1936) Augusto Righi (physicist, authority on electromagnetism, 1850–1920) Vasco Rossi (singer-songwriter, born 1952) Carlo Ruini (equine anatomist, 1530–1598) Angelo Schiavio (footballer, 1905–1990, scored the winning goal in extra time in the 1934 World Cup Final, played only for Bologna) Elisabetta Sirani (painter, 1638–1665) Alberto Tomba (skier, born 1966) Ondina Valla (first Italian woman Olympic gold medalist, 1916–2006) Mariele Ventre (teacher and educator, founder of Piccolo Coro dell' Antoniano choir, 1939–1995) Christian Vieri (footballer, born 1973) Vitale da Bologna (painter, fl. 1330, d 1361) Anteo Zamboni (anarchist who at the age of 15 attempted to assassinate Benito Mussolini, 1911–1926) Alex Zanardi (racing driver, born 1966) Marco Aurelio Zani de Ferranti (writer, musician, and composer, 1801–1878) In addition to the natives of the city listed above, the following have made Bologna their home: Giosuè Carducci (poet and academic, Nobel Prize for Literature, born near Lucca, Tuscany, 1835–1907) Carlo Felice Cillario (Italian conductor of international renown, founder of the Bologna Chamber Orchestra in 1946 (February 7, 1915 – December 13, 2007) Umberto Eco (writer and academic, born in Alessandria, Piedmont, 1932) Enzio of Sardinia (born c. 1218, King of Sardinia and illegitimate son of Emperor Frederick II, was imprisoned in Palazzo Re Enzo from 1249 until his death in 1272) Vasco Errani (politician, born 1955) Alfonso Lombardi (sculptor, born in Ferrara, c. 1497–1537) Niccolò dell'Arca (sculptor, born in Bari, c. 1435–1440 – 2 March 1494) Juan Ignacio Molina (naturalist, born in Chile, 1740–1829) Giovanni Pascoli (poet and academic, born in San Mauro di Romagna, 1855–1912) St. Petronius (San Petronio, bishop of Bologna and patron saint of the city, birthplace unknown, died c. 450 AD) Romano Prodi (economist, politician, born in Scandiano, Reggio Emilia, 1939) Gioachino Rossini (opera composer, born in Pesaro, 1792–1868) Giuseppe Torelli (composer, born in Verona, 1658–1709) Wu Ming (collective of writers, active since 2000) Farinelli (Carlo Broschi, castrato opera singer, 1705–1782) Companies COESIA Group – G.D (packaging) CIBO- Culinary Institute of Bologna – (Culinary-Cooking School)) Coop (supermarket chain) Ducati Motor Holding (motorcycles) IMA S.p.A (packaging) Lamborghini (cars) Malaguti (motorcycles) Maserati (cars) Segafredo Zanetti – (coffee) Unipol – (bank and insurance) Viro S.p.A – (padlocks) YOOX Group Spa – (Fashion / Online Apparel Retailer) International relations Bologna is twinned with: See also Bologna declaration Bologna metropolitan area Bologna Process Bolognese bell ringing art List of tallest buildings in Bologna References Sources "Bologna", Italy (2nd ed.), Coblenz: Karl Baedeker, 1870 "Bologna", Hand-book for Travellers in Northern Italy (16th ed.), London: John Murray, 1897, OCLC 2231483 T. Francis Bumpus (1900), "Ferrara and Bologna", The Cathedrals and Churches of Northern Italy, London: Laurie "Bologna", Northern Italy (14th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1913 External links Official website Weather Bologna Museum of the History of Bologna Collection of Musical Instruments in Bologna


text:
Studying at college and school is some kind of tradition and no one can imagine that something can be different. Unfortunately, studying at these educational institutions doesn't always guarantee high salary or financial freedom. Students even don't know the meaning of "financial freedom" at university. All of them want money, a lot of money, but have not the slightest idea how to get them. Almost 95% of them end as simple office workers and members of working class. Their life is not going to be gorgeous and great because they are currently working for aims of those 5%, who have changed their mindsets and achieved something.
Schools, colleges and universities are institutions, which were designed to bring up a big working class, who would do everything according to the system. Such a situation is observed in all the countries, but it differs in the level of consciousness and economic development. But the general situation is the same. Students are some kind of instrument and they are growing up according to all the standards and requirements of a higher, more powerful system. Almost all of them unwillingly agree to this approach and after graduation find a job with steady working hours, start a family and so on, nothing interesting.
In most cases we get a theoretical knowledge in educational institutions, sometimes this is not even enough to help with essay writing for university or college. This theory is not necessary for getting financial freedom. Only 5% of students can get out of this system and start their own business, hiring those 95%. This happens because there are no subjects at colleges and universities, which would teach how to behave with money, how to become rich and financially independent. If all the young people know how to do this, it would be difficult to bring up obedient workers, who are so necessary for each country.
When the student years start, everyone thinks that he should take everything from this time. It's a part of life full of parties, alcohol, boyfriends, girlfriends and other different things, which can't help with financial freedom. A student is a creature, which likes to waste money and only little number of them start saving some dollars while studying at college.
A habit of living a "current day", wasting money on various trifles and constant parties pursues students even after graduation. When the last day of university begins, some of them are really puzzled what to do next. They simple don't know, because they are not ready for real and practical life.
Everyone knows the stories about the world's richest people and lack of their education at universities. A majority of them do not have college degrees. These billionaires and millionaires have proved that university education is not necessary, if you are so eager to become financially independent. A desire is the most significant. Do you know such people as Ralph Lauren, Mark Zuckerberg, Bill Gates, and Steve Jobs??? All of them do not have any college degrees. Some were dropped out of college; some left it to join army. What would you say now? Is your college is so essential?
Again, one should change his mind before starting some business. You should start thinking as a rich man already, even though you still have no money. Those who step out of the system and become "strange" usually appear to be the most successful. If you are doing something different as your college mates, maybe, soon your life will change considerably.
HOW TO BECOME 1 of 5%?
If you really feel that something is wrong with your college and you can't understand why you should go there every day, start doing something. Maybe you don't need it at all. If it seems that you should change something, do it. Try to understand what you love doing most in your life and start implementing it. Be one of those 5%! Don't let the system break your aims! If you don't know from what to start, buy a biography of the richest people in the world and read their history. You would certainly find someone of them to inspire you and tell you what to do next.
Posted by Adela Belin

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Mame's Chocolate Chip Pudding Cookies
Mame Recckio Wolfe
This recipe was the first one I ever received or made. It dates back to 1965.
I'm not sure who the originator is, but these are still the best.
2-1/4 cups unsifted all-purpose flour
1 tsp. baking soda
1 cup butter, softened
1/4 cup granulated sugar
3/4 cup firmly packed brown sugar
1 pkg. [3.4 oz.] vanilla or chocolate instant pudding
1 tsp. vanilla
2 eggs
1 pkg. [12 oz.] Nestle Semi- Sweet chocolate chips
1 cup chopped nuts [walnuts]
Make sure that all ingredients are at room temperature
Mix flour with baking soda.
Combine butter, the sugars, pudding and vanilla in a large mixing bowl;
beat until smooth and creamy
Beat in eggs.
Gradually add flour mixture; then stir in chips and nuts
Batter will be stiff
Drop by rounded teaspoonful onto ungreased baking sheets,
about 2" apart…I only put 12 cookies per cookie sheet
Place cookie sheet in middle of oven
Bake one cookie sheet at a time
Bake at 375°F for 8 – 10 minutes…9 minutes works best for my oven.
Makes about 7-dozen cookies
Recipe Shared by Mame Recckio Wolfe
Photography by Jacque Benson
2010 all rights reserved
This material may not be republished or reproduced in any manner without the expressed permission of the author.
This material may not be republished or reproduced in any manner without the expressed permission of the author.


text:
Post-war recessions have averaged 11 months. Why is this one taking so much longer?
Because this is no recession. We're treating the wrong disease.
In 1990, in my book Penturbia, I predicted that depression—not recession—would likely strike at some time during 1990-2017. It happened. Unemployment has already risen for over three years and remains stuck at more than 9 percent.
My theory of prosperity and depression is based on a fundamental correction to standard economics: Economics assumes that individual decision-makers do not influence each other. Of course they do. People interact through a multitude of channels such as movies, plays, lectures, radio, TV, advertising, political campaigns, emails, web-sites and personal contacts.
Via those many channels, 'We the People' periodically become dissatisfied with the current mode of life and come to an agreement on how we want to reorganize our lives and the economy. We shift the paradigm by which we live, thus creating a new society.
Every new society commands a specialized economy able to satisfy its unique demands. The two together make up a "socio-economy."
Since 1790, five successive socio-economies have emerged in the United States, each pushing its special objectives to an extreme. Each time, resulting excesses eventually give rise to a completely different socio-economy. In two centuries, America shifted from aristocracy to small-scale Jeffersonian democracy, to vast industrial expansion, which was, in turn, replaced by consumer dominance. In the 21st century, consumer dominance is surrendering to what we call 'Responsible Capitalism.'
Depressions are caused by the extremely high uncertainties accompanying the shift from one socio-economy to another. Recessions are merely brief economic squalls. .
Depressions are deeply rooted. Consider the Great Depression.
Around 1845, impelled by their "manifest destiny," our predecessors began to abandon Jeffersonian ambitions favoring small farms and businesses and began to dream of building the world's most powerful industrial Colossus.
Working for pitifully small wages six 10-hour days a week, our ancestors built railroads, commercial farms, mines and industrial cities. They worked, pinched pennies, saved, invested and succeeded. From 1840 to 1900 Chicago's population leaped from 4,500 to 1.7 million!
After 1900, the construction of still more railroads and still more industrial cities was reaching a limit. Overproduction some warned. Marxists confidently predicted the end of capitalism. Americans merely shifted to a new variety of capitalism.
In ensuing decades, the countervailing Consumer Socio-economy slowly and painfully crawled into existence. Americans attempted to transform themselves into little kings, masters of their own tiny empires in suburbia. However, they couldn't learn to consume fast enough to forestall the inevitable catastrophe, which erupted in 1929.
Unfortunately, like today's Chinese, those great grandparents of ours were hopelessly addicted to saving. They couldn't and wouldn't spend enough. Besides, we were hopelessly unprepared. We lacked an abundance of cars, highways, suburbs and an airlines industry to create easy access to California, future capital of suburbia. We lacked tempting new suburban houses, TV, television advertising, consumer credit and credit cards. And we lacked affiliations with labor unions, a necessity for higher wages.
Little by little we learned our roles as consumers. Depression turned into prosperity. By the 1960s, the consumer-minded Little King was in high gear.
Beginning with Rachel Carson's Silent Spring, the 1960s also saw the birth of modern-day environmentalism, core of the fifth and latest socio-economy, enemy of the Little King. Call it Responsible Capitalism. We're increasingly celebrating the nobility of spirit that gives more than it takes. Bill Gates and Warren Buffett are leading millionaires and billionaires to give away large portions of their wealth.
We worry about climate warming and volunteers stream to New Orleans, Asia, Haiti and Pakistan. Although Responsible Capitalism will eventually dominate America, the socio-economic conflict it is creating with America's long-established consumer economy is creating a depression.
The current depression is precipitated by the uncertainties of the succession from the Little King to Responsible Capitalism and by mounting opposition to the Little King's excesses, its increasing debts, deficits and careless violations of our planet. By 2020, the Little King will be as dead as the Roman Empire.
We don't yet know enough about the jobs to be created. To cure today's depression I propose a federally funded task force.
First, it should engage the American public to elaborate the meaning of Responsible Capitalism—the new way of life, the likely occupations, cities, regions, houses, families, professions, medicines and products. We should award contracts and prizes for winning ideas.
Second, ideas and proposals should be invited on how best to eliminate the unsustainable and eventually unwanted Little King.
The effort to deliberately fashion our own socio-economic future will mark a crucial stage in the evolution of mankind. We'll specify how we would prefer to live and work in the decades ahead. And we'll speed creation of the 9,000,000 needed new jobs.


text:
This sturdy 6-ply 100% rayon thread is comparable in weight to a #8 perle cotton. Razzle's natural bright lustre and silky feel make it a wonderful choice for crafts, crocheting, knitting, and accessories. Razzle™ can even be used in highlighting the details in dimensional stitches. The light play on Razzle™ intensifies stitchery depth and textural effects on wool, making this a stand out thread!
Razzle™ Color Chart
Razzle™ Hints & Tips


text:
Create a warm cozy glow of lighting with Elite Holiday Decor net lights. Our premium, commercial grade net lights have been designed to include 5mm injection molded bulbs, which are virtually unbreakable. Our unique molded design ensures that no moisture can enter into the bulb socket, unlike other lower quality sets on the market. 5mm LED lights are the number one choice of professional installers due to their ability to withstand rigorous use and last for many seasons. Our 5mm conical LED bulbs project light from every angle making their appearance unmatched. Net lighting is the perfect option for covering bushes / hedges, wrapping tree trunks, wrapping tree foliage, or balconies to create a uniform wall of lighting.
- 100 red LED net lights on a 4' x 6' green wire.
- Safely connect up to 58 nets for easy installation and less required outlets.
- 5mm wide angle bulb design disperses light in every direction.
- Tight wire twist design allows for clean display and easy tangle free storage.
- If one bulb goes out, the rest will stay lit.
- Energy efficient LED lights use up to 90% less energy, saving you money.
- High quality Elite Holiday Decor LEDs allow for a brighter display.
- LED bulbs remain cool to the touch.
- UL safety listed.
- Approved for indoor / outdoor use.
Light Count: 100
Wire Color: Green
Light Color: Red
Light Display: Steady
Net Size: 4' x 6'
Lead Length: 24 in
Tail Length: 4 in
Max Sets Connected: 58 Sets
Wire Gauge: 22
Male Plug: Fused
Male Plug: Fused
Female Plug: End-to-End
Average Hours: 50,000
Bulb Size: 5mm
Bulb Shape: Wide Angle
Bulb Type: LED
Bulb Type: LED
Bulb Material: Acrylic Resin
Removable Bulbs: No (Molded Bulbs)
Bulb Technology: One goes out the rest stay lit
Watts Per Bulb: 0.036
Watts Per Bulb: 0.036
Total Watts: 3.6 per set
Amps: 0.03
Amps: 0.03
Rating: UL Listed
Usage: Indoor / Outdoor
Grade: Commercial / Premium


text:
Bahamas Yacht Charters
Bahamas yacht charters offer the perfect luxury vacation. You can visit some of the world's most beautiful destinations with a luxury yacht charter: Bahamas vacationers can pick from more than 700 islands surrounded by the clearest waters on the planet. From world-renowned attractions to secluded islands, there's no better way to explore than on one of our luxury yacht charters in the Bahamas.
Enjoy the ultra-exclusive Exumas island chain, relax on the hidden beaches of Eleuthera, or island-hop between remote cays. Enjoy sunset cocktails or a beach picnic on a deserted stretch of sand. From snorkeling pristine reefs to swimming with nurse sharks and the famous swimming pigs, you'll find that a private yacht charter in the Bahamas offers excitement around every corner.
Bahamas Yacht Charter Highlights
- Hundreds of islands and cays to explore
- Amazing sandy beaches
- Crystal-clear waters with up to 100 feet of visibility
- World-famous swimming pigs
- Perfect weather year-round
- Easy access from the U.S.
- One of the best charter destinations for water sports
- A wide selection of yacht rentals (especially motor yachts)
Showing 13–16 of 101 results
Chartering in the Bahamas, a Destination for Every Season
The Bahamas are a year-round yacht charter destination with weather patterns that closely mirror South Florida, making for an incredible climate for vacationing with a boat charter. Bahamas winters are cooler than the rest of the Caribbean, and temperatures can occasionally drop to the mid-to-low 60s, especially between December and February. Late spring and early summer have the best weather for boat rentals, with warm temperatures, calmer waters, sunny skies, and fair winds.
When to Go
Bahamas Crewed Motor Yacht Charters
Chartering your own private motor yacht is the best way to see the islands of the Bahamas. Crewed motor yachts are the perfect way to island-hop, seeing as many attractions as possible and then relaxing offshore to enjoy water sports and beachside activities. Motor boats are the most popular type of yacht charter in the Bahamas. Crewed motor yachts also carry a wide range of recreational gear, from wakeboards and standup paddleboards to kayaks and Jet Skis, so there's something for everyone to enjoy.
Bahamas Crewed Catamaran Charters
Why choose a crewed catamaran for a luxury yacht rental? Bahamas daydreams conjure up images of lounging in the sun, and with a chartered catamaran, you can make the dream a reality on your own portable island! These wide-bodied vessels offer generous deck space and are more stable than motor yachts. What better way for both the sun-worshipper and the avid snorkeler to explore the reefs and sea life? With well-appointed living conditions, catamaran charters are perfect not only for the first-time sailor but for anyone wishing to relax with plenty of room to spread out.
Explore with a Boat Charter: The Bahamas
Want to learn more about the excitement you'll find on your Bahamas yacht charter? These are the main cruising areas and yacht charter itineraries with our favorite stops, exhilarating adventures, and unforgettable experiences you won't want to miss on your private crewed boat charter in the Bahamas.
Worldwide Boat and our experienced captains can help customize the perfect mix of must-see destinations and unique adventures with your boat rental. Nassau, Bahamas, and other exciting destinations will be yours to explore!
The Exumas
This stretch of stunning islands and cays is the perfect spot for Bahamas yacht charters. Idyllic beaches, hidden coves, and dozens of world-class ports make the Exumas some of the country's top cruising grounds.
Here, you can swim with the pigs at Pig Beach on Big Major Cay or swim with nurse sharks at Compass Cay: They'll be so close you can touch them!
The Exuma's protected waters also offer a calm location to paddleboard, kayak, and Jet Ski around the islands. Don't forget to visit Staniel Cay and nearby Thunderball Grotto! This fantastic underwater cave system is teeming with exotic marine life and is such an amazing location for snorkeling, diving, and wading that it was a location for two James Bond movies!
Nassau is the starting and ending port for most yacht charters in the Bahamas. Once dubbed "The Republic of Pirates," Nassau today features world-class marinas, upscale hotels, resorts, and golf courses. In addition, it is also a great destination on its own, with beautiful beaches and great snorkeling
The Atlantis
The famed Atlantis Resort on Paradise Island is a world of its own, offering spas, world-class restaurants, nightclubs, and more! Snorkel alongside tropical fish in the man-made Ruins of Atlantis, stroll the bottom of the shark exhibit, feed stingrays in the lagoon, or just relax at one of 11 different swimming pools.
Don't start your charter without spending a day at the Atlantis and enjoying all of the amenities this luxury resort offers, from swimming with dolphins to trying your luck at the best casino in the Caribbean.
With architecture inspired by British settlers, Eleuthera is a casual island of rocky bluffs and low-lying wetlands with magnificent coral reef backdrops. Eleuthera's beaches are world-famous. Surfer's Beach is just two miles south of Gregory Town, where southwest winds blow breaks in from the Atlantic. It's a surfing and kite-surfing mecca! Even if you just want to watch, the two-mile stretch of beach has some of the best sugary-soft white sand in the Bahamas.
Harbour Island
Northwest of Eleuthera lies Harbour Island, which was named by Travel + Leisure magazine as "the best island in the Caribbean" not once but twice. Known for its romantic pink-sand beaches, upscale shore-side accommodations, and picturesque scenery, Harbour Island offers plenty for charter guests to explore.
The Abacos
Located just south of Miami, the two main islands, Great Abaco and Little Abaco, as well as picturesque cays offer the adventurer truly incredible beaches and plenty to do, from deep-sea fishing to snorkeling in six amazing national parks. This is the boating capital of the Bahamas, and sailing on a luxury yacht through its mangrove-covered islands and cays will leave you with the quintessential Caribbean memory.
Bahamas Yacht Charters: What To See & Do
The Bahamas is one of the world's most revered destinations for yacht rentals. The Bahamas are a paradise of postcard-worthy beaches, beautiful tropical weather, and amazing island adventures.
Some of the Greatest Beaches in the World
The beaches of the Bahamas form such an extraordinary collection of sand and warm turquoise waters that astronauts have praised them from space.
Whether you'd like to swim or snorkel, truly relax on a deserted beach, or head to the waves for some water sports, the Bahamas has plenty of stretches of sand for fun and adventure. Favorites include Pig Beach on Big Major Cay, Dean's Blue Hole in the Exumas, Rose Island near Nassau, Pink Sands Beach on Harbour Island, Surfer's Beach on Eleuthera, and Guana Cay and Tahiti Beach in the Abacos.
When you think you've tried them all, find your own deserted stretch of sand along an unnamed island to enjoy sunset cocktails or even a private beach picnic.
Crystal-Clear, Aquamarine Waters
The waters of the Bahamas are bathwater-warm year-round, hovering in the low 80s most of the year. Yet beyond their beckoning warmth, they're also the clearest in all of the Caribbean. Expect 100-foot visibility in most seasons. That makes this the perfect destination for a cruising adventure. Whether you'd like to explore the vibrant and colorful corals, swim with sharks, or dive a blue hole, the islands' inviting waters are the perfect setting.
Amazing Marine Life
The waters of the Bahamas boast a variety of marine ecosystems and an unparalleled opportunity to experience sea life. Witness massive humpbacks breaking surface waters, or swim with exotic tropical reef fish at James Bond's Thunderball Grotto. Find world-class marlins and sailfish while deep-sea fishing in the Abacos. Stand at the bottom of the awe-inspiring shark exhibit at Atlantis, or feed stingrays in the lagoon on Paradise Island. Find Dolphin Cay and swim with dolphins at one of the largest marine habitats and animal rescue facilities in the world. With a Bahamas yacht charter, you can swim with the pigs at Pig Beach at Big Major Cay or dive into Compass Cay and get so close to nurse sharks that you can touch them!
World-Class Sporting Adventures
The warm turquoise seas of the Bahamas offer more than just wildlife. The clear, shallow waters are also the world's largest playground. You can really do it all in the water: paddle-boarding, Jet Ski tours, kayaking hidden coves, wakeboarding, knee-boarding, and water-skiing. Plus, most crewed charter yachts include a garage of gear to help you have fun in the water.
Head to Surfer's Beach in Eleuthera for big wintertime swells; it's perfect for surfing or kitesurfing. Staniel Cay is a great paddleboarding and kayaking spot, thanks to its protected, calm waters. And taking a Jet Ski jaunt around the islands is always fun.
Great Golfing
Test your land legs at the Ocean Club Golf Course on Paradise Island, recognized as one of the top ten resort courses in North America and the Caribbean by Golf Digest. Or set sail to Emerald Bay to play a round at its Greg Norman-designed course.
Bahamas Bucket List
- Swim with nurse sharks at Compass Cay
- Make friends with the famous beach-dwelling pigs at Big Major Cay
- Take a romantic stroll on Pink Sands Beach on Harbour Island
- Enjoy sunset cocktails or a beach picnic on a deserted stretch of sand
- Share a drink with the A-listers and celebrities at Staniel Yacht Club
- Play a round of golf at the Greg Norman-designed oceanfront golf course at Emerald Bay
- Snorkel the Thunderball Grotto, the underground cave made famous in the James Bond movie Thunderball
- See a show or play table games at one of Paradise Island's luxury casinos
With so much to do, there's simply no better way to travel than with a luxury yacht charter. Bahamas adventure awaits when you travel with Worldwide Boat!
Frequently Asked Questions
Can You Charter a Boat From Florida to the Bahamas?
Yes, you can charter one of our boats from Florida and travel to the Bahamas. We have a Miami to Bimini itinerary that's perfect for travelers wishing to sail from Florida to the Bahamas. This tour includes stops at Bimini Bay, Chub Cay, White Cay, and Great Harbor Cay.
How Much Does it Cost to Charter a Yacht in the Bahamas?
Chartered yacht prices in the Bahamas vary depending on the size of the boat you want to rent and the accommodations onboard. You might rent a yacht in the Bahamas for $18,000, but as the size and luxury of the yachts increase, so do the prices, which can exceed $200,000 a week in some cases. Learn more about the price of chartering a yacht by exploring the vessels that are available.
How Do I Book a Private Yacht?
Contact Worldwide Boat to book a private yacht and begin your dream Bahamas journey. Browse our itineraries and selection of boats to start planning your trip. We're waiting to answer any questions and help you book your chartered yacht: You can contact us via our online form, by email, or by calling us at (305) 396-6996.
Book Your Private Bahamas Yacht Charter With Worldwide Boat
With so much to see and do in the Bahamas, Worldwide Boat is here to help. Our charter brokers have an unrivaled knowledge of the yachts and crews that cruise the Bahamas. We frequently visit the islands and cays to be able to offer our firsthand knowledge of the area to our clients and help them plan a unique and unforgettable charter vacation. Contact us today to book your luxury Bahamas yacht rental!
Last edited by Katja Kukovic


text:
Themed slot machine games are very popular these days right now your casinos. And Monopoly slots are definitely a favorite of slot players around the world. Based upon the popular board game, this slot machine feeds on that popularity and are big draw no matter where they are turned to the casino. Apart from the original version for this slot game, released years ago, there are now several permutations available within most casino houses. Over the years we have seen the discharge of Chairman of your Board, Boardwalk, Once Around, and Movers and Shakers. Each one of these versions of Monopoly slots provides the guitarist with a new different experience. The newest version of Monopoly Slots to hit the casino floor is Monopoly Present.
Online gambling and online casinos are well liked nowadays you just will see jackpots quit amount upwards of 25 years worth of salary. With only a click of the mouse, you have opportunity to in winning the lottery jackpot. All you want is a charge or a debit card and realize that some be place to bet.
First off, Gambling along with judi slot gacor is asking to reduce all your. O.K., I understand you when you object that you don't want to set up a Gambling strategy or don't realize how to put together a Gambling strategy I concede your point, however, you can always learn tips on how to put together a Gambling strategy to gamble about the internet.
The non-progressive slot machines are almost definitely the machines which identify to try your luck with. Generally this involving machines has much better winning odds because these not something related to other machines. Non-progressive slot machines are not affected via the performance of other machines and players within the casino and out the home.
A generous 15 inches tall, the Crazy Diamonds machine bank is going to be real hit for the Slot system. The realistic aspects of the bank will transform it into a terrific idea for saving or learning to play.
The more widespread tips do perform better in on line poker and of course, that shouldn't come as a surprise for leasing that poker players are playing one and not the gambling establishment. Nonetheless, there's always that concern that even the internet poker rooms and casinos have prop players that will triumph you can get and that is, of course, an added myth.
Slot cars are sort of tricky because kids discover their whereabouts as being far taken off homework topics. They appear to be shear satisfying. However, that is why they are among the most effective kids learning toys obtainable. Kids may not think they are learning, suspicious!


text:
Ending two months of political deadlock, Mohammed Tawfiq Allawi was named Iraq's prime minister-designate on Saturday.
But even as Allawi pledged to crack down on corruption and reform the government he is set to lead, demonstrators took to the streets in opposition to him.
And Allawi wasted no time appealing directly to the mass anti-government movement that has roiled the country for months. Since October, hundreds of thousands of Iraqis have taken to the streets, demanding the removal of the country's political elite, forcing out Allawi's predecessor Adel Abdul-Mahdi in November.
In an address on state television on Saturday, Allawi aimed to project the dawn of a new era in Iraqi politics.
Clad casually in a sweater, he promised to resign if he is unable to appoint a proper Cabinet or take measures to fight corruption. And he called on protesters to carry on with their demands.
In Baghdad though, Sadr followers have moved back into Tahrir Square in an apparent push to limit anti-Allawi protests. Allawi has Sayyid Muqtada's seal of approval. https://t.co/b9lWqO5Lvu
— jane arraf (@janearraf) February 1, 2020
"I'm your employee carrying your trust so do not retreat until you get what you want," Allawi said.
Heeding that call, demonstrators gathered in Tahrir Square, the heart of the protest movement in Baghdad, chanting in opposition to Allawi's appointment.
They have rejected Allawi's candidacy, saying anyone who previously held a Cabinet post is tainted. Allawi served as a Cabinet minister in two previous governments.
But Allawi comes to power with the essential support of Shiite cleric Muqtada al-Sadr, whose political bloc is one of the biggest in parliament.
Sadr followers moved back into Tahrir Square on Saturday in an apparent push to limit anti-Allawi protests.
Allawi's nomination is opposed by another leading Shiite politician, former prime minister Nouri al-Maliki.
Allawi resigned from Maliki's government in 2007 over what he called Maliki's sectarian policies. Maliki, a Shiite, is widely blamed for fueling sectarian strife between Iraq's Shia and Sunni populations while he was in power between 2006 and 2014. His opposition to Allawi, who is also Shiite, could complicate the prime minister's efforts to compile a Cabinet based on individual qualifications rather than their loyalties to parties — also a key demand of anti-government protesters.
In the popular unrest that has swept the country, demonstrators are calling for jobs, an end to corruption and what they see as Iran's meddling in Iraq's internal affairs.
Iraqi security forces and the Iran-backed militias affiliated with them have unleashed a brutal response, killing at least 600 protesters in the four months since demonstrations have unfolded.
A major issue Allawi will be forced to address is the future of U.S. troops in Iraq. Amid growing tensions between the U.S. and Iran last month, the Iraqi parliament voted to expel U.S. troops. An Iranian missile strike on an Iraqi base housing U.S. service members injureddozens of American troops.
In response to Allawi's appointment, the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad released a statement, saying, "Current conditions in Iraq and the region require an independent and honest government committed to addressing the needs of the Iraqi people. The nomination of Muhammad Tawfiq Allawi as a new Prime Minister must be followed up with efforts to accomplish that objective."
Allawi, 65, studied architecture in Baghdad and Lebanon before moving to the U.K., where he became a British citizen. He is expected to renounce his British citizenship to take the job.
Parliament is expected to put his candidacy to a vote in the next session. Once he is sworn in, Allawi will have 30 days to put together a Cabinet.
He is set to serve as prime minister until early elections can be held.
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


text:
Ephedrine (Ephedrina Level) description, Ephedrine (Ephedrina Level) side effects, Ephedrine (Ephedrina Level) price, Ephedrine (Ephedrina Level) substance
Ephedrine is a drug but It is available OTC. Athletes use It for several reasons. It can Increase thermogenesis. which is the ability to convert excess calories into heat instead of fat, by enhancing norepinephrine release. It has been found that people who store excess body fat are Insensitive to the chemical norepinephrine (NP). NP stimulates thermogenesis In the body so that excess calories can burn Instead of being stored. Certain drugs can stimulate or potentiate the effects of NP. This in turn, would allow fat people to burn off calories as rapidly as thin people do. Ephedrine has that capability. The Chinese have used ephedrine in the form of herbal teas for thousands of years, i.e. Ephedra or MA Haung tea. Ephedrine is similar in structure to amphetamines, because of this. It mimics some of the effects of "speed" such as dampening the appetite and raising blood pressure. It Is however, much weaker and far less toxic than amphetamines (although It is banned as a stimulant by most athletic organizatlons). The effect of ephedrine Is called a "futile energy cycle." Ephedrine stimulates the conversion of thyroid into Its most active form. T-3 in peripheral tissue. This stimulates the metabolism and burns up calories quicker. Caffeine and aspirin stimulate the thermogenic effects of ephedrine. In fact It has recently become quite commonplace for pre-contest bodybullders to forgo the use of dangerous thyroid drugs and instead use a combination of ephedrine, aspirin and caffeine for cutting up. A usual dose for fat loss has been in the area of 100 mg caffeine. 50 mg ephedrine and one aspirin tablet, three times dally. I've seen athletes get totally shredded on this stack without losing any muscle! Recent studies on humans found that combining ephedrine with caffeine and aspirin enhances calorie-dissipating. Caffeine and aspirin are thought to help by suppressing agents that would normally further block release of norepinephrine. The long term effects of combining these three OTC drugs Is largely untested though. While It appears they are safe, in large dosages they could be dangerous, particularly the ephedrine. Ephedrine can also be used as a stimulant to increase workout Intensity and concentration while training. It Is also effective as an appetite suppressant for the pre-contest bodybullder and It can be used by bodybullders In an attempt to diminish the amount of fat reserves they hold. There are many supplements which boast that they can Increase fat utilization and Increase llpolysis. l.e. amino acid combinations, camitine, and lipotropics. None of those natural supplements work nearly as well as ephedrine. Ephedrine should not be used by any athlete who has had a history of heart palpitations, arrythmia, or any conductive Irregularity of the heart. Any athlete who develops these symptoms while using ephedrine should discontinue the use and consult a physician. Further caution should be used when stacking ephedrine with caffeine and aspirin as this Is even more likely to cause an irregular or strong heartbeat. A number of athletes reported these symptoms and had to discontinue the use of this supplement. Among the other athletes who had used ephedrine the majority reported a very positive response citing an increased awareness level and greater ability to concentrate while training. I would recommend ephedrine for athletes who do not have any heart problems at all and whose workout would benefit from an increased level of concentration and an increased "psych". It also can benefit pre-contest bodybuilders. Ephedrine compounds are available in various forms. Ephedrine sulfide (sulphur based) is slower acting and has a shorter duration. It Is the least effective form. Pseudoephedrine HCL and pseudoephedrine sulfide are man made versions and are a little more effective. Ephedrine HCL in a high percentage HCL base is preferred by most and has proven to be quite effective. An example is Dymetadrine 25. Athletes have preferred to take this product 60 minutes prior to their workout.
People Also Search For:


text:
Section 79.1(d) of the Commission's rules contains several exemptions to the closed captioning rules. These are self-implementing exemptions, meaning that a provider does not need to seek Commission approval of the claimed exemption. As such, the Commission does not "certify" that a provider falls within a self-implementing exemption.
If a program or provider does not meet the criteria for one of these self-implementing exemptions, and it would be economically burdensome to close caption, we direct you to Section 79.1(f) and the process for seeking an exemption on this basis.
For purposes of determining compliance with Section 79.1, any video programming provider that meets one or more of the following criteria shall be exempt to the extent specified.
(1) Programming subject to contractual captioning restrictions. Video programming that is subject to a contract in effect on or before February 8, 1996, but not any extension or renewal of such contract, for which an obligation to provide closed captioning would constitute a breach of contract.
(2) Video programming or video programming provider for which the captioning requirement has been waived. Any video programming or video programming provider for which the Commission has determined that a requirement for closed captioning is economically burdensome on the basis of a petition for exemption filed in accordance with the procedures specified in paragraph (f) of this section.
(3) Programming other than English or Spanish language. All programming for which the audio is in a language other than English or Spanish, except that scripted programming that can be captioned using the "electronic news room" technique is not exempt.
(4) Primarily textual programming. Video programming or portions of video programming for which the content of the soundtrack is displayed visually through text or graphics (e.g., program schedule channels or community bulletin boards).
(5) Programming distributed in the late night hours. Programming that is being distributed to residential households between 2 a.m. and 6 a.m. local time. Video programming distributors providing a channel that consists of a service that is distributed and exhibited for viewing in more than a single time zone shall be exempt from closed captioning that service for any continuous 4 hour time period they may select, commencing not earlier than 12 a.m. local time and ending not later than 7 a.m. local time in any location where that service is intended for viewing. This exemption is to be determined based on the primary reception locations and remains applicable even if the transmission is accessible and distributed or exhibited in other time zones on a secondary basis. Video programming distributors providing service outside of the 48 contiguous states may treat as exempt programming that is exempt under this paragraph when distributed in the contiguous states.
(6) Interstitials, promotional announcements and public service announcements. Interstitial material, promotional announcements, and public service announcements that are 10 minutes or less in duration.
(7) EBS programming. Video programming transmitted by Educational Broadband Service licensee pursuant to Part 27 of this Chapter.
(8) Locally produced and distributed non-news programming with no repeat value. Programming that is locally produced by the video programming distributor, has no repeat value, is of local public interest, is not news programming, and for which the "electronic news room" technique of captioning is unavailable. (See ¶ 158 of 1997 R&Oand ¶¶ 57-61 of 1998 Recon Order.)
(9) Programming on new networks. Programming on a video programming network for the first four years after it begins operation, except that programming on a video programming network that was in operation less than four (4) years on January 1,1998 is exempt until January 1, 2002.
(10) Primarily non-vocal musical programming. Programming that consists primarily of non-vocal music.
(11) Captioning expense in excess of 2% of gross revenues. No video programming provider shall be required to expend any money to caption any video programming if such expenditure would exceed 2% of the gross revenues received from that channel during the previous calendar year.
(12) Channels producing revenues of under $3,000,000. No video programming provider shall be required to expend any money to caption any channel of video programming producing annual gross revenues of less than $3,000,000 during the previous calendar year other than the obligation to pass through video programming already captioned when received pursuant to paragraph (c) of this section.
(13) Locally produced educational programming. Instructional programming that is locally produced by public television stations for use in grades K-12 and post secondary schools.
For the most recent revisions, please visit the eCFR.
Even if a program or a provider is exempt under the Commission's rules, it may still have obligations under other federal laws to make its video programming accessible to individuals with disabilities.


text:
_syscall(2) | System Calls Manual | _syscall(2) |
_syscall - invoking a system call without library support (OBSOLETE)
#include <linux/unistd.h>
A _syscall macro
desired system call
The important thing to know about a system call is its prototype. You need to know how many arguments, their types, and the function return type. There are seven macros that make the actual call into the system easier. They have the form:
- X is 0–6, which are the number of arguments taken by the system call
- type is the return type of the system call
- name is the name of the system call
- typeN is the Nth argument's type
- argN is the name of the Nth argument
These macros create a function called name with the arguments you specify. Once you include the _syscall() in your source file, you call the system call by name.
Starting around Linux 2.6.18, the _syscall macros were removed from header files supplied to user space. Use syscall(2) instead. (Some architectures, notably ia64, never provided the _syscall macros; on those architectures, syscall(2) was always required.)
The _syscall() macros do not produce a prototype. You may have to create one, especially for C++ users.
System calls are not required to return only positive or negative error codes. You need to read the source to be sure how it will return errors. Usually, it is the negative of a standard error code, for example, -EPERM. The _syscall() macros will return the result r of the system call when r is nonnegative, but will return -1 and set the variable errno to -r when r is negative. For the error codes, see errno(3).
When defining a system call, the argument types must be passed by-value or by-pointer (for aggregates like structs).
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <errno.h> #include <linux/unistd.h> /* for _syscallX macros/related stuff */ #include <linux/kernel.h> /* for struct sysinfo */ _syscall1(int, sysinfo, struct sysinfo *, info); int main(void) {
struct sysinfo s_info;
int error;
error = sysinfo(&s_info);
printf("code error = %d\n", error);
printf("Uptime = %lds\nLoad: 1 min %lu / 5 min %lu / 15 min %lu\n"
"RAM: total %lu / free %lu / shared %lu\n"
"Memory in buffers = %lu\nSwap: total %lu / free %lu\n"
"Number of processes = %d\n",
s_info.uptime, s_info.loads[0],
s_info.loads[1], s_info.loads[2],
s_info.totalram, s_info.freeram,
s_info.sharedram, s_info.bufferram,
s_info.totalswap, s_info.freeswap,
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); }
Sample output¶
code error = 0 uptime = 502034s Load: 1 min 13376 / 5 min 5504 / 15 min 1152 RAM: total 15343616 / free 827392 / shared 8237056 Memory in buffers = 5066752 Swap: total 27881472 / free 24698880 Number of processes = 40
intro(2), syscall(2), errno(3)
2024-06-15 | Linux man-pages (unreleased) |


text:
Archive for the 'neon' tag
South Carolina State Fair 2013, Fairgrounds: 20 October 2013 6 comments
Well, if you've been following Columbia Closings for a while, you won't find any real surprises here. I like what I like (mainly neon in the case of the State Fair) and you'll find a lot of what you found last year here this year again. I did try out the in-camera HDR setting of my LX7 some this year, and I think it works better for this kind of shot than it does for daylight ones where I've never really been happy with it.
I will say that for what should be an important anniversary year (150 years of the State Fair..) the Fair was a little sparse this year. It seemed to me that the artwork was fewer pieces spaced farther apart and the Steel Building (and the one to the right of it which name escapes me) had fewer booths this year, with some stalwarts missing. In particualr, I didn't notice the Hmong craft booth this year, and the Grey Market DVD booth was not there. There was also another surprising no-show which I'll mention tomorrow. And, granted it was Sunday evening, but still I didn't get to ride the bumper cars this year because I would have been the only car in the rink, and what's the fun of that?
Anyway, it was still fun to walk around, eat greasy food and watch the people and rides. Lots after the break!
(And check back in a few days when I finally have the skyride video uploaded..)
South Carolina State Fair 2012, Fairgrounds: 21 October 2012 16 comments
(Folks coming in from the link at the CarnivalWarehouse.com forum, you may be interested in my pictures from previous South Carolina State Fairs -- Ted)
Well, as always, the South Carolina State Fair was a good time, with lots of beautiful art, greasy food, neon in motion and oddball retail. If you've read one of these posts before, don't expect anything particularly new this year; it's pretty much the same sights I usually enjoy capturing. I didn't submit anything for the art exhibition this year, so no pictures of the pre-Fair ceremony.
I've got a couple of videos I'll add later as soon as I can get them uploaded to youtube. In the meantime, enjoy!
UPDATE 27 October: First video (cablecars) is uploaded above.
South Carolina State Fair 2011, Fairgrounds: 23 October 2011 6 comments
OK, you know the drill by now if you've followed my State Fair posts from previous years: I like what I like, and I like to take pictures of it, so there's nothing new or astounding here, just old friends like the Buxom Beer Girl, The Cotton Candy Stands and the ducklings, but I enjoyed being out and about amongst the neon and greasy delights as usual. I took the tripod, but really couldn't get into setting it up to try for HDRs this year, so I just got one, which is not as good as those from last year (2010). I did take a few videos this year, in particular the one above (which has some issues with light spikes, but is quite watchable) and one below the jump.
Meet your party at the (Time Warner) rocket!
South Carolina State Fair 2010, Fairgrounds: 24 October 2010 3 comments
These nine pictures are attempts at HDR. I took a tripod, and set the closing-cam to do 3 exposure brackets (1 "under exposed", 1 "over exposed" and 1 "correctly exposed"). I still have had trouble getting anything reasonable looking out of Qtpfsgui though other folks certainly have. There are just too many knobs and levers for me, at least for now. I did find another free program called Picturenaut, which actually produces nice results with the default settings. The downside is it only runs on Windows.
All the night pictures were taken on 15 October and the day pictures on 24 October. As usual, the fair remains an evergreen experience and if you missed it this year, you should try to catch it in 2011.
Lots and lots of other pictures after the jump. Be warned!


text:
It's with great pleasure that we unveil the first step in the next evolution of DENVER STIFFS. In the next month SB Nation will be undergoing a dramatic upgrade to our platform and our editorial process. There will be much more detail to come but for now, the new logo below is just a first taste of what is coming for you Stiffs. Don't fret, our fantastic comment section, that you all make worth-while, will remain!
This is a small, but important sample of what is coming when our network undergoes its most exciting and radical transformation in the eight-year history of the company. A new visual identity here and across the network is only one step we are taking to unite our network of sites. United through individuality is the underlying theme of this project. You'll notice that our team colors and the unique spirit of our individual community is maintained while making it clear to sports fans that each site is a part of the larger SB Nation network. We want everyone to know that they can find the same type of great writing, video and conversation that we offer here on all of our 350 plus sites. You can browse through all the new logos on a special page we put together at sbnation.com/united.
We'll still be covering your Nuggets with the same passion that you have come to expect. It's what makes SB Nation a special place and that will only be enhanced by these new changes. In the meantime we're setting up additions to our store so you can be sporting the latest and greatest before it even launches.
It's our hope that the new site will give you a better experience here to find the stories you want and to keep things all about your Nuggets. Great things in our future!


text:
A meaty book from Derry
"The subject is roses," Detectives Beyond Borders wrote in April, "specifically a competition to design a peace garden for the White House – and if you think gardening is a clean pursuit, this book will shock you. Downey brings back some of the characters from his previous books, tough, savvy, engaging and, in some cases, unscrupulous folks from Ireland north and south, and he throws in Americans and Englishmen this time. These last give Downey fresh new satirical targets."Newly pertinent professional ethics prevent me from saying much more about the book, but I hope you'll find the proofreading satisfactory.
And here's Downey's Web site for info about the books, a promotional video for War of the Blue Roses, and some covers that will make you smile.
© Peter Rozovsky 2009
Labels: comic crime fiction, Garbhan Downey, Ireland, Northern Ireland, politics, satire


text:
Welcome to BevinAlexander.com
This site presents information on the immense amount of research and writings by acclaimed Military Historian Bevin Alexander. The purpose of this site is to provide historians, researchers, and students with some of the most comprehensive resources available on military history—including the Civil War, the Korean War, China, World Wars I and II, and military strategy from ancient Greece to the war on terror.
In this site you will discover more about Bevin Alexander and his work, plus find a vast array of material on military history and foreign policy, including:
- Information on military history and military strategy books written by Bevin Alexander, including summaries, chapter synopses, indexes, and links to Amazon.com where you may purchase them.
- Excerpts from ten of Bevin Alexander's books on a variety of military-related topics and arranged in categories—Rules of War, Early Wars, Napoleonic Wars, the Civil War, World War I, World War II, the Korean War, the Cold War, and Terror & Future Wars.
- Commentary by Bevin Alexander on current military and foreign policy issues affecting the United States and the rest of the world.
- A Question & Answer section where you can submit your opinions and questions pertaining to war and foreign policy issues to Bevin Alexander, plus read Bevin's answers to selected questions by other readers.
- Photos and information on the Korean War and the unique Army Historical Detachments that operated along the front during that war.
- Information on an advanced college course on the rules of war that Bevin has been teaching at Longwood University, Farmville, Virginia, for a number of years.
Browse the site's many pages by using the navigation bar located at the top of each page. If you have trouble finding what you are looking for try using the Search the Site feature in the navigation bar to enter keywords and retrieve relevant pages.


text:
Create your own living space with a coffee table from the Furniture Mart. Coffee tables are stylish, functional, and convenient furnishings. They can be the centerpiece of your living room, family room, den, or media center and add a level of convenience to your living space.
Coffee tables offer additional space to place home decor items, like a potted plant, decorative bowl, or a vase of flowers. You can even use a runner to play with patterns in the room. Coffee tables are an excellent place to keep your snacks and drinks while watching TV. They come in a variety of styles, including modern contemporary for a more relaxed feel, or you can opt for a more elegant style for a touch of luxury.
Make a bold statement in any room with a unique coffee table for your space. Find a coffee table perfectly suited to fit your taste and style. We offer a high-quality selection of home furnishings that fit your lifestyle and your budget, no matter what look you are going for in your home. Whatever size, shape, style, or finish you want, we have the ideal coffee table for your living space at the Furniture Mart.


text:
Will County Supervisor of
Open Space Land Valuation
In accordance with:
"Section 10-155 of the
Property Tax Code (35 ILCS 200/10-155)"
In all counties, in addition to valuation as otherwise permitted by law, land which is used for open space purposes and has been so used for the 3 years immediately preceding the year in which the assessment is made, upon application under Section 10-160, shall be valued on the basis of its fair cash value, estimated at the price it would bring at a fair, voluntary sale for use by the buyer for open space purposes. Land is considered used for open space purposes if it is more than 10 acres in area and:
(a) | is actually and exclusively used for maintaining or enhancing natural or scenic resources, |
(b) | protects air or streams or water supplies, |
(c) |
promotes conservation of soil, wetlands, beaches, or marshes, including ground cover or planted perennial grasses, trees and shrubs and other natural perennial growth, and including any body of water, whether man-made or natural, |
(d) | conserves landscaped acres, such as public or private golf courses, |
(e) | enhances the value to the public of abutting or neighboring parks, forests, wildlife preserves, nature reservations, sanctuaries, or other open spaces, or |
(f) | preserves historic sites. |
Land is not considered used for open space purpose if it is used primarily for residential purposes.
In accordance with:
"Section 10-160 of the
Property Tax Code (35 ILCS 200/10-160)"
The person liable for taxes on land used for open space purposes must file a verified application requesting the additional open space valuation with the chief county assessment officer by June 30th of each year for which that valuation is desired. If the application is not filed by June 30th, the taxpayer waives the right to claim that additional valuation for that year. The application shall be in the form prescribed by the Department and contain information as may reasonably be required to determine whether the applicant meets the requirements of Section 10-155. If the application shows the applicant is entitled to the valuation, the chief county assessment officer shall approve it; otherwise, the application shall be rejected.
In accordance with:
"Section 10-165 of the
Property Tax Code (35 ILCS 200/10-165)"
When any portion of the land described on any application filed under Section 10-160 is no longer used for open space purposes, the person liable for taxes on that land must notify the chief county assessment officer, in writing.
The person shall pay to the county treasurer, by the following September 1st, the difference between the taxes paid in the 3 preceding years as based on a valuation under Section 10-155 and what the taxes for those years would have been when based on the valuation as otherwise permitted by law, together with 5% interest. If this difference is not paid by the following September 1, the amount of the difference shall be considered as delinquent taxes.


text:
welcome to superdown!
sign up!
Get down with fast and easy checkout,
save your favorites, track your orders and more!
sign in!
Yay you're back! Please sign in to start shopping.
By signing in or creating a superdown account, you agree to superdown's terms of service(Opens in new window.) & privacy policy(Opens in new window.)


text:
Did you now that March is Music In Our Schools month? What a great way to focus on how music enriches the lives of all students, young and old!
I'm part of a group of music educators that want parents, teachers and everyone to find lots of fun and creative ways to share music with kids. This year, our theme is "31 days of rhythm" so I wanted to share a bit about how pow-wow drumming.
What's A Pow-Wow Drum?
If you've ever been to a Native American gathering, the pow-wow drum is at the center of the event. At most pow-wows you'll see a group of either men or women gathered around a big drum and everyone is playing and singing at the same time. They are all playing in unison, meaning the goal is to strike the drum together. And when a great drum group is playing, it sounds like thunder and shows the power of what people can do when they work (or play) cooperatively!
Make Your Own Pow-Wow Drum
Actual pow-wow drums are beautiful and many are very special and sacred. But I've done a post that explores the first pow-wow drum and you can easily make that at home. You can find it here as well as check out the sound of a traditional drum group playing and singing: http://www.dariamusic.com/drum.php
You'll Need a Drum Beater
To play a pow-wow drum, each drummer needs their own beater. Check this link for an equally simple craft to make your own pow-wow drum beaters: http://www.tinytappingtoes.com/classroom-music/make-a-little-drum-beater-for-a-big-drum/
Now Let's Play!
Every child can find a place around the fabric drum, holding the drum with one hand and their beater in the other. Then, they strike the drum together – at the same time. At first, a teacher or adult may want to tap out a beat to any familiar song and encourage the children to play along, hitting the drum at exactly the same time. Once the kids get the idea, the leader can also ask the children to listen carefully and do what she/he does. While playing the same song, she/he can play softer and they should tap softer. He/she can play harder or a bit faster or slower and the drum group should do the same.
In Native cultures, drumming is just one way of teaching cooperation and listening skills as well.
Drumming Together
To practice drumming together, you might wish to try a simple song I used while teaching music and English in the Middle East. The students wanted to learn the days of the week in English so they drummed to the following little song. Whoever was leading set the pace and played the rhythm as they sang. When they finished, they pointed to someone who had listened and played well to be the next leader.
(one beat) Sunday,
(one beat) Monday,
(one beat) Tuesday,
(one beat) Wednesday,
(one beat) Thursday,
(one beat) Friday and
(three beats) SAT-UR-DAY (beaters must stop and raised in the air).
Happy drumming and check out all the posts for the 31 Days of Rhythm right here: https://musicedblogs.com/