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For years, the seismic concerns of legislators and building design professionals were limited primarily to structure-related life-safety issues. That changed after an earthquake considered moderate in seismological terms caused death and widespread destruction in San Fernando, Calif., Feb. 9, 1971. Since then, the focus of lawmakers and designers has been on non-structural systems as well.
This article will discuss the role of legislation in the evolution of seismic design for mechanical systems, as well as the situation arising from the increased stringency of model codes and how the local model-code-adoption process can help alleviate it. Additionally, the article will discuss key conceptual issues that may not be addressed by codes and offer examples of solutions.
A year after the San Fernando quake, the California Hospital Seismic Safety Act was introduced, requiring the state to develop seismic-design regulations for mechanical systems. Little known is the fact the legislation used the phrases "in so far as practical" and "reasonably capable" in describing the goal of ensuring hospitals remain "functional" following an earthquake. The codes that resulted established criteria, but stopped short of prescribing solutions, leaving mechanical engineers to develop their own. For example, on hospital projects during the mid-1970s, we developed calculations and seismic-restraint details for every size and type of pipe and every conceivable situation, even a normally empty pipe being full of water. Because each calculation and detail had to be checked, a bottleneck developed in the design, plan-checking, and construction process. To streamline plan-checking and enforcement in the field, industry standards and guidelines were established and, in some cases, pre-approved. In the process, seismic design for mechanical systems moved from homemade solutions to off-the-shelf details and products.
Recently, procedures for determining seismic-hazard level, importance factor, etc. began appearing in standards and guidelines. Mechanical engineers are expected to follow these procedures and include the results in specifications. Neglecting to do so may put engineers in the position of failing to comply with the very standards they specify.
Still, codes, standards, and guidelines can cover only so much, and some owners have criteria more stringent than those established by code. This leaves design teams to set project-specific goals, define the needed functionality of systems after a seismic event, and find appropriate solutions.
When model codes began addressing the seismic design of non-structural systems, they did so in the "in so far as practical" spirit of the California code. Lacking the constraints of legislation, however, they have become more stringent with each revision. With increased stringency has come increased construction costs — increased to the point many essential-building projects may never get off the ground. Take hospitals, for instance. More and more, health care is being provided outside hospitals, in medical office buildings, which are built to lower standards and, thus, may not be functional following a seismic event.
It is important to remember that model codes are applicable only where adopted. But while model codes can be adopted in part and with amendments, they often are adopted in their entirety, with little thought given to local impact.
Issues not covered in standards and guidelines often are not covered in contract documents, resulting in construction disputes. Some engineers specify that the contractor be responsible for engineering and construction issues not covered in standards and guidelines. This makes bidding difficult because scope is not defined fully. As a result, a bidder may include an allowance that is insufficient or excessive. For that reason, owners and design teams should identify an approach to handling situations not covered by standards and guidelines and define that approach in contract documents.
Some jurisdictions consider manufactured equipment, such as an air-handling unit (AHU) with fan, coils, and filters, a "black box." Seismic restraint is thought to apply to the box only — what is inside is assumed to be fine. The thinking is that, during shipment, equipment experiences acceleration forces greater than those experienced during an earthquake; if equipment survives shipment, then, it is likely to survive an earthquake. Others argue that because fans do not rotate and coils are not full of water during shipment, the shipment "test" is insufficient.
If a fan is installed on resilient mountings inside an AHU, the "black box" is considered open, and seismic restraints are required both inside and outside.
Sometimes, a "black box" is opened unintentionally. For example, on one project, manufactured AHUs were value-engineered into built-up units. The enforcing agency required seismic calculations and details for all of the components, as well as their attachment to the structure. Opening this "black box" was like opening a Pandora's box, as it resulted in a construction dispute.
Recently, model codes opened "black boxes" wide by requiring equipment to be tested on a seismic shaking platform. Although, in many cases, equipment certified as having passed such testing is not yet available, local jurisdictions have adopted the requirement. This illustrates the need for selectivity in the model-code-adoption process.
Although the "black-box" concept is acceptable for many types of buildings in California, it has been rendered useless in many less seismically active parts of the country thanks to the blind adoption of model codes requiring the shaking test. This is unfortunate, as there is no reason why seismic codes should be more restrictive, say, on the East Coast than they are in California. Through active participation in the public-review process, engineers can help ensure the appropriateness of model codes for their jurisdiction.
The seismic bracing of mechanical components imposes force on structures at the point of attachment. The capacity of structures to withstand this force is the responsibility of the structural engineer. Mechanical engineers should work closely with structural engineers to establish proper seismic-design and attachment criteria. This entails:
Determining whether seismic bracing for suspended pipes can be attached to the floor above or to structural beams only. In either case, maximum forces should be established.
Coordinating the force applied, the type of concrete, and the characteristics of the concrete, which determine the size and embedment depth of anchor bolts and expansion anchors.
Establishing procedures for testing anchors in the field and coordinating and monitoring that testing.
Extra coordination is required when working with existing structures.
Parameters for seismic bracing and attachment to structures should be established during design, with specific coordination coinciding with the development of construction shop drawings, when all details are known. Most seismic design cannot be coordinated fully during design. Reasons include specification options and contractors' preferences, such as those concerning:
Pipe material (steel or copper).
The actual weight, center of gravity, and support configuration of equipment.
Duct type (rectangular or round).
The location of pipe and duct supports.
The routing of electrical conduit shown as home runs.
The size and location of sprinkler-system piping.
In pipe systems, seismic bracing is applied to pipe supports at regular intervals — say, every 40 ft — with unbraced supports in between. During the 1970s, seismic bracing was performed almost as an afterthought. The same supporting rod and nuts used for pipe support were used for pipe bracing. In many cases, pipe could not be braced diagonally until it was loaded fully and the slope adjusted and confirmed. The pipe support used for seismic bracing then had to be taken apart to incorporate the diagonal bracing. In time, details and products allowing pipes to be braced without supports being taken apart were introduced.
In recent model codes, seismic-restraint requirements for mechanical systems differ by building type, type of support (resilient or rigid), even elevation. For example, the seismic-restraint requirements and, thus, details of a 4-in. pipe suspended at the penthouse level of a building are different than those of a 4-in. pipe suspended in the basement. Seismic design also may differ by importance factor. For example, two 4-in. pipes suspended next to each other may have different seismic-restraint requirements and, thus, details because of different importance factors applied to their systems.
Seismic-restraint guidelines reference many details and tables. Because this data may be difficult for installers to use properly in the field, some seismic restraints are planned in greater detail during the shop-drawing phase. Bracing points of pipes and ducts are identified, seismic-restraint components for each bracing point are selected, and the components for each point are shipped separately. Such coordination reduces guesswork in the field.
Many buildings include seismic separation joints. Because a building will act differently on one side of a separation joint than it will on the other during a seismic event, engineers should minimize the crossing of separation joints by pipes and ducts. When such crossing is unavoidable, flexible pipes and ducts should be used, and the magnitude of movement of the two sides of the joint should be defined in contract documents. The magnitude of movement is a function of the elevation of a crossing point and should be available from the structural engineer.
When base isolation is used under a structure, acceleration forces inside the structure are reduced. However, codes may not allow one to take credit for the reduced acceleration forces on the mechanical system. On the other hand, movement of building sections may be greater in a base-isolated structure than in a conventional one, making the crossing of building seismic separation joints more challenging.
Air space between building sections compresses or expands as building sections move, producing air pressure that can damage building components. Pressure-activated swing panels are one means of alleviating this pressure.
In seismic restraint, equipment is connected to a structure rigidly. In vibration isolation, it is installed on devices designed to prevent the transfer of vibration to a structure. This conflict of objectives can be resolved through close coordination among acoustical, structural, and mechanical engineers.
For example, on many projects, the same vibration-isolation details, including inertia base, are used for all pumps, whether they are installed on an upper floor with occupied space below or on slab on grade in a remote central plant. Inertia-base weight is a major factor in seismic-restraint design. Most likely, vibration isolation for pumps installed on slab on grade in a remote central plant can be relaxed, reducing the initial cost of both vibration isolation and seismic restraint. Vibration isolation should be application-specific in its design to reduce complexity and cost.
Often, specifications require resilient support of pipes and ducts. Seismic-bracing criteria and details tend to be more elaborate when pipes are supported resiliently. Because of complexity and cost, where possible, resilient support should be limited to short distances.
Charles Salter, PE, a leading acoustical consultant, advises engineers to ensure that designs meet Occupational Safety and Health Administration hearing-damage-risk requirements. Also, he encourages them to analyze the risk of repairing vibration isolation if an installation fails to meet project criteria.
Some buildings or portions of buildings have dual purposes, including to provide refuge after an earthquake. That secondary purpose — and the higher importance factor that may accompany it — is not always apparent, however. For instance, on one project, a conference room's intended use as a command center in emergency situations was not discovered until late in the design phase. Because of a heightened importance factor, the HVAC system had to be redesigned. Thus, early disclosure of a building's intended use in an emergency situation is key to success.
Often in campus settings, essential and nonessential buildings are served by the same mechanical system. With essential buildings expected to perform better than nonessential ones during seismic events, a failure in a nonessential building could render a complete mechanical system inoperative. Therefore, system design goals should be defined, situations analyzed, and solutions developed. For example, to maintain the functionality of a campus hot-water system, automatic isolation valves controlled by pressure sensors in each building system could be designed. A drastic drop in hot-water pressure in a building would close the automatic isolation valves serving that building, preventing drainage of the entire campus hot-water system. This approach would have the added benefit of protecting essential buildings from pipe failures unrelated to seismic events.
Pipes serving seismically compliant essential buildings should be routed through structures designed to similar seismic criteria. Otherwise, the failure of a seismically non-compliant structure could render the system nonfunctional at an essential building.
A few days before patients were to be transferred to a new, seismically compliant wing of a hospital, several pipes feeding the new wing were discovered to have been installed through a seismically non-compliant existing wing. Finger-pointing ensued after inspectors prohibited the transfer of patients to the new wing. After much debate and a long appeal procedure, the inspectors were convinced that patients would be safer in the new wing, where the greatest danger was of water services being cut off in the event of an earthquake, than in the existing one, where they risked something falling on them. A compromise was reached: The patients were allowed to move to the new wing in exchange for the owner agreeing to install new pipes within one year and provide quarterly progress reports. Although this was not an inexpensive solution, it kept the safety of patients in mind "in so far as practical."
Seismic-design criteria are becoming more stringent in model codes, and the "in so far as practical" spirit is fading. In addition, many local jurisdictions do not recognize how stringent the model codes have become and are not being discerning in adopting them. On the other hand, codes and standards cannot cover all situations related to the seismic design of mechanical systems. This challenges design teams to define project-specific goals and find appropriate solutions.
For HPAC Engineering feature articles dating back to January 1992, visit www.hpac.com.
The recipient of several local and national engineering-excellence awards, Shlomo Rosenfeld, PE, is president of Shlomo I. Rosenfeld & Associates. From 1987 to 1997, he was the mechanical-engineer member of the California Hospital Building Safety Board. He can be contacted at [email protected].


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Components Content Categories
From Joomla! Documentation
How to Access[edit]
Select Content → Category Manager from the drop-down menu on the back-end of your Joomla! installation. Or click on the "Category Manager" icon in the Control Panel.
The Category Manager is where you can edit existing Categories and create new ones. Articles in Joomla! are organized into Sections and Categories. Categories are the second level of organization underneath Sections. Every Section contains one or more Categories. The special Section 'Uncategorized' has a special Category also called 'Uncategorized'. These are built into Joomla!.
Column Headers[edit]
Click on the column heading to sort the list by that column's value.
- Checkbox. Check this box to select one or more items. To select all items, check the box in the column heading. After one or more boxes are checked, click a toolbar button to take an action on the selected item or items. Many toolbar actions, such as Publish and Unpublish, can work with multiple items. Others, such as Edit, only work on one item at a time. If multiple items are checked and you press Edit, the first item will be opened for editing.
- Title. The name of the item. For a Menu Item, the Title will display in the Menu. For an Article or Category, the Title may optionally be displayed on the web page. This entry is required. You can open the item for editing by clicking on the Title.
- Status. (Published/Unpublished/Archived/Trashed) The published status of the item.
- Ordering. The order in which to display items. You can sort the list by order number by clicking on the Ordering label in the column heading. If the list is sorted by this column, you can change the order by clicking the arrows or by entering the sequential order and clicking the 'Save Order' icon. This is shown in the screen below. Note that the ordering is only defined within a single category. For this reason, it is easier to re-order the list if you use the Category filter to select one category.
- Access. The viewing level access for this item.
- Language. Item language.
- ID. This is a unique identification number for this item assigned automatically by Joomla!. It is used to identify the item internally, and you cannot change this number. When creating a new item, this field displays 0 until you save the new entry, at which point a new ID is assigned to it.
At the top right you will see the toolbar:
The functions are:
- New. Opens the editing screen to create a new content category.
- Edit. Opens the editing screen for the selected content category. If more than one content category is selected (where applicable), only the first content category will be opened. The editing screen can also be opened by clicking on the Title or Name of the content category.
- Publish. Makes the selected content categories available to visitors to your website.
- Unpublish. Makes the selected content categories unavailable to visitors to your website.
- Archive. Changes the status of the selected content categories to indicate that they are archived. Archived content categories can be moved back to the published or unpublished state by selecting "Archived" in the Select Status filter and changing the status of the content categories to Published or Unpublished as preferred.
- Check In. Checks-in the selected content categories. Works with one or multiple content categories selected.
- Trash. Changes the status of the selected content categories to indicate that they are trashed. Trashed content categories can still be recovered by selecting "Trashed" in the Select Status filter and changing the status of the content categories to Published or Unpublished as preferred. To permanently delete trashed content categories, select "Trashed" in the Select Status filter, select the content categories to be permanently deleted, then click the Empty Trash toolbar icon.
- Rebuild. Reconstructs and refreshes the content category table. Normally, you do not need to rebuild this table. This function is provided in case the data in the table becomes corrupted.
- Options. Opens the Options window where settings such as default parameters or permissions can be edited.
- Help. Opens this help screen.
Toolbar Links[edit]
At the top left, above the Filter, you will see the following two links:
- Articles. Click this link to go to the Content Manager: Articles screen.
- Categories. This link takes you to the screen you are currently on.
- Featured Articles. Click this link to go to the Content Manager: Featured Articles screen.
List Filters[edit]
Filter by Partial Title
You can filter the list of items either by entering in part of the title or the ID number. Or you can select a combination of Section, Category, Author, and Published State.
- Filter by Partial Title or ID. In the upper left is a filter field and two buttons, as shown below.
- To filter by partial title, enter part of the title and click Search.
- To filter by ID number, enter "id:xx", where "xx" is the ID number (for example, "id:9").
- Click Clear to clear the Filter field and restore the list to its unfiltered state.
Filter by Max Levels, Status, Access, Language
In the upper right area, above the column headings, are 4 drop-down list boxes as shown below:
The selections may be combined. Only items matching all selections will display in the list.
- Filter by Max Levels (Category Level). Lets you show only items whose category is at or above the specified level in the category hierarchy.
- - Select Max Levels -: Show all items regardless of level of their assigned category.
- 1: Only show items whose category is at the top level in the category hierarchy (in other words, with categories whose parent category is "- No Parent -".)
- 2-10: Only show items whose category is in the top 2-10 levels in the category hierarchy.
- Filter by Published Status. Lets you show only items with the selected published status.
- - Select Status -: Shows items that are Published and Unpublished. Does not show items that are Trashed or Archived.
- Published: Shows only items that are Published.
- Unpublished: Shows only items that are Unpublished.
- Archived: Shows only items that are Archived.
- Trashed: Shows only items that are Trashed. Important Note: To permanently delete items:
- Change the status of the items to Trashed.
- Change the Status filter to Trashed. At this point the trashed items will show and an icon called "Empty trash" will show in the toolbar.
- Select the desired trashed items and click on "Empty Trash" in the toolbar. The items will be permanently deleted.
- All: Shows all items regardless of published status.
- Filter by Viewing Access Level. Lets you show only items that have a specified viewing access level. The list box will show the access levels defined for your site, similar to the example below.
- - Select Access -: Show items with any viewing access level.
- <your access level>: Show items only with this viewing access level.
- Filter by Language. Lets you show only items that have a specific language assigned. The list box will show the languages defined for your site, similar to the example below.
- - Select Language - or All: Show items for any language.
- <your language>: Show items only for this language.
Batch Process[edit]
This section allows you to change settings for a group of selected items. The fields are as shown below.
You can change one value or all three values at one time. Note that if you copy items to a new category, changes you have selected fro access level and language will be applied to the copies, not the original.
To batch process a group of items:
- Select one or more items on the list by checking the desired check boxes.
- Set one or more of the following values:
- To change the access levels, select the desired new access level from the Set Access Level list box.
- To change the Language, select the desired language from the Set Language list box.
- To change the Category, select a category. To leave the category unchanged, use the default value of "Select".
- To copy the items to a different category, select the desired category from the category list box and check the Copy option. In this case, the original items are unchanged and the copies are assigned to the new category and, if selected, the new access level and language.
- To move the items to a different category, select the desired category from the category list box and check the Move option. In this case, the original items will be moved to a new category and, if selected, be assigned the new access level and language.
- When all of the settings are entered, click on Process to perform the changes. A message "Batch process completed successfully." will show.
Note that nothing will happen if you (a) don't have any items selected or (b) have not selected an access level, language, or category.
If you wish to clear your entered selections, click on the Clear button. This will return all of the Batch controls to their default values. Note that this does not uncheck the check boxes for the items.
Quick Tips[edit]
- Click on the Title of a Category to edit it.
- Click on the green check mark or the red X in the Published column to toggle between Published and Unpublished.
- Click on the Column Headers to sort the Categories by that column. Click a second time to sort descending (Z to A).
Related Information[edit]
- To add or edit Categories: Category Manager - New/Edit
- To create a page showing Articles for a Category in a Blog layout: Menu Item Manager - New/Edit - Category Blog Layout
- To create a page showing Articles for a Category in a List layout: Menu Item Manager - New/Edit - Category List Layout

subset: commoncrawl


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During the pandemic, many people have reported that they're dreaming more frequently and that their dreams have become more intense. What effect does dreaming have on our waking lives? Do dreams carry meaning? Today, scientists are actively studying these questions, but this wasn't always the case. Throughline's Rund Abdelfatah and Ramtin Arablouei take us on a trip back in time to when the study of dreams started in the West.
RUND ABDELFATAH, BYLINE: For much of human history, dreams were considered messages from the deep. They were a source of inspiration of ideas and even guided the way many people lived their lives. But beginning in the 16th century in Europe, dreams lost much of their power. The Christian church saw dreams as a possible source of sin. Some philosophers regarded dream interpretation as nonsense. One writer thought they were merely the result of indigestion.
RAMTIN ARABLOUEI, BYLINE: But then, in the late 1800s in Austria, a man came along who questioned that approach.
CASEY HERMAN, BYLINE: (Reading) I started my professional activity as a neurologist trying to bring relief to my neurotic patients.
ARABLOUEI: Sigmund Freud was one of the first scientists who thought deeply about dreams and attempted to better understand the science behind them and the emotions and behaviors they conjured.
SIDARTA RIBEIRO: When Freud was a young doctor, he was a scientist. He saw himself as a scientist.
ARABLOUEI: This is Sidarta Ribeiro. He's a neuroscientist and author of the book "The Oracle Of Night: The History And Science Of Dreams."
RIBEIRO: And he was trying himself in different fields of science, of neuroscience.
ARABLOUEI: At this time, scientists were trying to understand the connection between the brain and the mind, the body and consciousness. One of the most common diagnoses of the time was hysteria. It was often a kind of catchall diagnosis for people, especially women, who might have been suffering from symptoms like depression, anxiety, shortness of breath, insomnia and even something called sexual forwardness. When Sigmund Freud was a medical student studying hysteria, he came to believe that it was a psychiatric disorder. And after graduating, he opened his own private practice to treat patients and further study the condition.
RIBEIRO: And until the very end of the 19th century, he was pursuing a clinical work that was very strongly rooted in the neuroscience and psychiatry of his time.
ARABLOUEI: But then...
RIBEIRO: His father died. He entered a crisis and had these major dreams.
RIBEIRO: And this is when he undergoes the big change, when he produces his seminal book, "The Interpretation Of Dreams," and creates a new field of knowledge that we call psychoanalysis.
ABDELFATAH: Psychoanalysis is the idea that investigating the unconscious, often through dreams, can possibly treat the psychological symptoms patients are suffering, conditions that people still experience today, like depression, anxiety, obsessive behavior and so on. Using his own dreams and his patients as evidence, Freud put forth an idea in a book called "The Interpretation Of Dreams" that would become his lasting legacy.
RIBEIRO: What Freud did that was so important is that he reclaims dreams as something meaningful.
ABDELFATAH: But even after Freud published his book, it's not like everything instantly changed. Dreams were still mostly dismissed in the scientific community.
RIBEIRO: Why? Because in the 19th century, science was completely sure that dreams were nonsense, that nobody should pay attention to dreams, that they reflected at most bad digestion.
HERMAN: (Reading) What is common in all these dreams is obvious. They completely satisfy wishes excited during the day, which remain unrealized. They are simply and undisguisedly realizations of wishes.
RIBEIRO: He would say dreams have a meaning. They are related to people's lives. They are not something that can be dismissed, but they also cannot be predetermined. If you want to make sense of somebody's dream, you need to understand that person. You need to listen to that person. You need to share the context of that person. And this is what is done in psychoanalysis and psychotherapy in general. So Freud was able to say, yes, dreams have a meaning, but this meaning is centered in the dreamer.
ABDELFATAH: This idea that people dream for a reason, that it's a way to cope with problems the conscious mind can't do while it's awake, was radical, that by reflecting on your dreams, you were confronting something deep inside of you that followed like a shadow you didn't know was there.
RIBEIRO: Dreams are meaningful if we pay attention to them. So it's a relationship that we built, not just with ourselves but with those mental creatures that inhabit ourselves.
ARABLOUEI: Most of Freud's ideas about psychology have been debunked. But still, his ideas about the relationship between mental health and dreams sparked an area of scientific research that has been refined over time. In almost 125 years after he published "The Interpretation Of Dreams," there is now research that supports the idea that dreams can have a significant impact on our waking lives.
RIBEIRO: We had to wait until 2010 for the first paper that showed that when you dream about a task, you become better at completing that task. They showed that when people navigate a virtual maze and they dream about it, they become much better at navigating. And that does not happen if they stay awake thinking about the maze or if they sleep without dreaming about the maze. To dream about something has a lot to do with succeeding in doing that. And this is something that many, many people believed for ages, but there was no empirical demonstration of that until quite recently.
MARTIN: That was Sidarta Ribeiro talking with Throughline hosts Rund Abdelfatah and Ramtin Arablouei. You can listen to the whole episode wherever you get your podcasts.
[POST BROADCAST CORRECTION: In this story, we incorrectly say most of Sigmund Freud's ideas about psychology have been debunked.]
(SOUNDBITE OF RAMTIN ARABLOUEI'S "CHAUVET DREAMS") Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.
NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by an NPR contractor. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR's programming is the audio record.


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The gross combination mass (GCM) of a truck is the total weight of the vehicle (GVM) including the weight of a coupled trailer (ATM). GVM (Gross Vehicle Mass) was covered in the first edition of our guide to trucking terminology. In short, GVM is the maximum total weight that a truck can apply to the ground. Just like GVM, ATM (Aggregate Trailer Mass) is the maximum total weight that a trailer can apply to the ground.
Most trucks have a GCM rating provided by the manufacturer. The GCM rating determines the total combined weight allowed when the truck loaded and a loaded trailer. The weight of both your truck and towed items must not exceed the GCM rating. However manufacturers may be different to the state registering authority limits. It is important to always load to the lowest rating provided by either the manufacturer or registering authority ratings.
Exceeding the GCM rating is not only illegal, but also unsafe.
Headboard is a word used in a variety of industries. Ships, aircraft, and road vehicles may all use headboards to separate different compartments.
In trucks, the headboard is the barrier between the back of the cab and the body and load. The headboard acts as a partition that separates the cabin of the truck and the cargo area.
The headboard may serve a number of purposes within the body but primarily it serves to keep the driver and passenger's safe. In circumstances of heavy braking or in the case of a front on accident, it prevents the cargo from moving into the cab and injuring the occupants. It may also be used to increase the strength and rigidity of the body.
Traction Control (TC)
Traction Control refers to a vehicle system that helps optimise the grip of the truck on the road. In other words, traction control helps reduce wheel slip and improve stability as you accelerate.
Traction Control systems work by measuring the difference between wheel speed and the truck's road speed. If wheel speed is greater than road speed then traction control will intervene to match both speeds. Without traction control, if your truck loses traction you have effectively lost control and your vehicle has become unsafe.
Another situation where traction control is of benefit is if one drive wheel is on a slippery surface and the other not (effectively in a bog). In this case traction control will force drive to be transferred from the spinning wheel (on the slippery surface) to the other where there is traction, by applying controlled brake force to the spinning wheel, and therefore moving you out of the bog.
By reducing wheel spin, your truck is able to accelerate smoothly and gradually even on wet or slippery surfaces.
Your truck's traction control system works to decrease wheel spin and increase traction by reducing engine power or applying the brakes to the spinning wheel or a combination of both.
FUPS (Front Underrun Protection System)
A front underrun protection system, also called front underrun protection devices or FUPS, is a device added to the front of a truck that will interact with a light vehicle in the case of an accident. FUPS are designed to prevent cars from being trapped under the front of the truck.
When a truck is equipped with front underrun protection system and is involved in a collision with a smaller car, the FUPS will come into contact with the car at a height that is intended to prevent the car from being wedged under or driven over by the truck. It therefore pushes the car away and promote the activation of the car's active safety systems (if so equipped) such as crumple zones / SRS air bags.
The addition of FUPS also helps the truck's steering to remain intact in the moments after an accident, which helps to mitigate the extent of an injury and damage immediately post-contact. The driver now has the ability to maintain control and bring the truck to a safe stop.
Adding FUPS to your truck offers a variety of benefits to car drivers, passengers, and your truck. The most significant advantage is that FUPS minimises injury and death by preventing light vehicles from going underneath the front of the truck if a collision between vehicles occurs.
Another benefit to FUPS is that the system makes sure the safety features of the light vehicle activate in the case of a crash. With a front underrun protection system in place, it's more likely that the smaller vehicle's airbags and crumple zones will work as designed.
Total Ladder Rack Rating (Racks above the height of the cab that extends to the rear of the tray body.)
The total ladder rack rating of your truck is the maximum weight that can be evenly distributed across the whole rack area. Not only can exceeding your total rack rating cause damage to your truck, but it can also put you and other road users at risk.
When too much weight is put on the racks, it can potentially impact the vehicles stability due to a higher centre of gravity and dynamic forces under cornering and braking manoeuvers by exaggerating the roll effect.
Know the total rack rating of your vehicle to ensure you stay within your weight limits and make sure the weight is balanced on each side of your vehicle.
Tray Floor Load Rating
The tray floor load rating of your truck has to do with how much weight or cargo can be evenly distributed onto your tray using the total floor area. Every tray floor has a maximum allowable weight that drivers must adhere to. For example if you have a tray 2.1m wide and a length of 4.5m with a tray floor load capacity of 6 tonne the maximum load per square metre of the tray is 634 kg (calculation 2.1 x4.5 = 9.45 square metres / 6000 kg / 9.45 = 634 kg)
Trucks can be equipped with a variety of trays that differ in their size and material, so it's important to know what the rating is for your specific tray.
Exceeding your tray floor load rating can put undue stress on your vehicle and create unsafe driving conditions.


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Local Business Specializing in Antique Auto Storage Now Home to Vintage VW Military Vehicle
FORT WORTH, TX, October 22, 2020 /Neptune100/ — Ron Sturgeon, the owner of Haltom City-based Fort Worth Car Storage, has been collecting antique autos for more than 30 years.
He has a special fondness for VW's because he inherited a half-interest in one when his father died when Ron was a teenager. Ron taught himself to repair the bug and eventually started a VW repair shop after he finished high school.
That repair shop morphed into a salvage yard when Ron figured out that he was making more selling used parts from his boneyard than he was from doing repairs. That salvage yard, specializing in foreign luxury vehicles, grew to one of the largest in the United States before Ron sold it to Ford Motor Company's Salvage Division, GreenLeaf, in 1999.
"The Schwimmwagen 166 is really the holy grail for WV antique car collectors," said Sturgeon. "Even though the 166 is the most mass-produced amphibious vehicle in the world, with nearly 15,000 made for the German army in the early years of WW 2, fewer than 190 of them remain," said Sturgeon.
"Edwin Komenda, Ferdinand Porsche's first body designer, had to modify the body of the VW to create a design that would move smoothly through water," said Sturgeon. "The Schwimmwagen 166 is capable of speeds up to 10 mph on water and up to 50 mph on land," added the Fort Worth-based serial entrepreneur and antique car storage facility owner.
"The Schwimmwagen is unique for sure," said Jennifer Knittel. "We cater to a lot of classic car buffs who are looking for antique auto storage Arlington or antique auto storage Dallas, and we store some special automobiles, but we've never had one that doubles as a boat," said Knittel.
About Ron Sturgeon
Ron Sturgeon, owner of Fort Worth Car Storage and Blue Mound 287 Self Storage, has been featured on CNBC's Blue-Collar Millionaires program for his success in the auto salvage business. He is the author of numerous books for businesspeople and a business consultant whose recent projects include developing a shipping container business park in Fort Worth Design District and a rapidly expanding chain of beauty salons with hair salon suites for rent.
About Fort Worth Car Storage
Fort Worth Car Storage offers climate-controlled car storage in a secure facility in the heart of North Fort Worth, where the company has been storing automobiles for more than 30 years. Services include indoor car storage, collector car storage, long-term car storage and discounted storage of vehicles for deployed members of the armed services on active duty. Learn more about military storage at Fort Worth Car Storage by visiting FortWorthCarStorage.com or by calling (817) 999-0980.


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Franklin D. Roosevelt
Deep dive into the Who Was book series to learn more about Franklin D. Roosevelt. Extend the learning with this interactive Who Was Unit Studies. This unit study is appropriate for ALL ages.
Deep dive into the Who Was book series and extend the learning with these interactive Who Was Unit Studies.
These unit studies are appropriate for ALL ages.
Each Who Was Unit Study Includes:
Book List
YouTube Playlist
Pinterest Board
Coloring Page
Copy Work in 3 Levels (Tracing, Print, Cursive)
Biography Recording Worksheet
Map Work (US or World)
Activity Worksheet
Compare & Contrast Worksheet
Timeline Worksheet
Trivia Card Game
Timeline Match Game
*This is a digital product, no physical product will be sent. Your PDF will be emailed to you within an hour of purchase, please check your junk/spam folders as it may end up there. Due to the nature of the product no refunds will be given.*
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Culture Code Enchanting Elegance Full Size Peasant Neckline Tiered Dress
Culture Code Enchanting Elegance Full Size Peasant Neckline Tiered Dress
This dress effortlessly combines classic style with a modern twist, making it a must-have addition to any fashion-forward wardrobe. This dress features a peasant neckline, which adds a touch of bohemian flair. The neckline is adorned with delicate embroidery, enhancing its feminine appeal and creating a visually captivating effect. The lightweight, flowing fabric drapes beautifully, allowing you to move with grace and confidence. The dress is designed with a tiered silhouette, adding dimension and depth to the overall look. Each tier is carefully tailored to create a flattering shape that flares out gently, accentuating your curves while providing a comfortable fit. This design choice creates a soft, romantic aesthetic that is both timeless and versatile. This dress is suitable for various occasions, whether you're attending a garden party, a summer wedding, or simply want to make a stylish statement during a casual outing. Dress it up with heels and statement accessories for an elegant evening look, or pair it with sandals and a wide-brimmed hat for a chic daytime ensemble. In terms of quality, we have spared no expense. The dress is expertly crafted from premium materials, ensuring durability and comfort. It is easy to care for, making it a practical choice for your everyday wardrobe.
- Pattern type: Solid
- Style: Classy
- Features: Swiss dot, Ruffle
- Neckline: Tie neck
- Length: Knee length
- Sleeve length: Short sleeves
- Sleeve type: Butterfly sleeves
- Hem shaped: Straight
- Sheer: Yes
- Body: Not lined
- Material composition: 100% rayon
- Stretch: No stretch
- Care instructions: Machine wash cold. Tumble dry low.
- Imported
- Product measurements:
S: bust 36 in, length 33 in
M: bust 38 in, length 34 in
L: bust 40 in, length 35 in
XL: bust 42 in, length 36 in
1XL: bust 44 in, length 37 in
2XL: bust 46 in, length 38 in
3XL: bust 48 in, length 39 in


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Kayseri - Antalya flight ticket
Please wait, we are searching for flights and best deals for you
Transportation form City Center to Kayseri Airport
Things you need to know to reach to Kayseri Erkilet Airport from city centre
Kayseri Erkilet Airport
Kayseri Erkilet Airport is in Kocasinan district of Kayseri. This airport is approximately 4 km away from city centre and both domestic and international flights are scheduled. Kayseri Erkilet Airport welcomes numerous tourists that come to see the historical and cultural richness of the city during skiing season. There are four alternatives to reach the airport from city centre.
Aerobilet transfer services
While you are planning your holiday on Aerobilet, you can benefit from airport transfer services in addition to cheapest flight and accommodation options. Aerobilet is here for you to transfer you to the airport. You can also use Kayseri Erkilet Airport transfer services from the hotel you booked on Aerobilet. Or you can use Aerobilet transfer vehicles to reach the airport from city centre or Erciyes.
You can end your economic holidays plans with cheapest flight and hotels with public buses. You can buy Kart38 from sales points near stations and easily reach from city centre to Kayseri Erkilet Airport.
You can also reach from city centre to airport with Havaş buses. You can take these vehicles from city centre or Talas district. You can call Havaş service point in Kayseri Erkilet Airport and learn more about stations and hours of Havaş buses.
From city centre to Kayseri Erkilet Airport, it approximately takes 10 minutes by taxi. Additionally, it will approximately take one hour to reach from Erciyes to airport. You can use taxi from Erciyes and directly transfer to airport.
Transportation from Antalya Airport to City Center
Things you need to know to reach from Antalya Airport to city centre
Antalya Airport
Antalya Airport is one of the most crowded airports of Europe with millions of local and foreign tourists visiting every year. The airport is 10 km away from city centre, in Muratpaşa district and there are various ways of transport.
Aerobilet transfer services
If you are planning your holiday in Antalya, you should check cheapest flights and luxurious hotel options on Aerobilet. After your reservation, you can select Aerobilet transfer service to reach the city centre from Antalya Airport. You can reach Konyaaltı, Kale Kapısı, Lara, Kundu and many other central points as well as districts like Belek, Beldibi, Kemer, Alanya with Aerobilet transfer services. You can visit Aerobilet transfer services page for more information about transfer vehicles, locations, and hotels.
You can use no. 600 and 800 Antabüs to reach city centre from Antalya Airport. These busses follow Antalya Bus Station-5M Migros and Harbour-Sarı Su routes. You can use this service for the points on these routes. Antobüs has scheduled services and you can find the schedule at the exit of Antalya Airport arrival terminal.
Another means of transport to reach to the city centre is Antray. You can use this rail system to reach to Square and Fatih. For more information, you can visit Antalya transportation page.
Havaş covers majority of airport transfer services in Turkey. This service is also offered in Antalya Airport. You can pay in the vehicles and reach your destination.
If Kale Kapısı is accepted as the centre, it will approximately take 13 minutes from Antalya Airport to city centre. You can use taxis to reach your destination faster.


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Email is the message or some important information that we send to a person or the organization. It can also have some attachments along with the message. The gmail email sender is an application that will allow the organization in managing the high volume of emails that they receive from the customers. The management of the emails is a tedious task. It involves a lot of time and human effort. What if there is some system that will help in managing the emails received by the organization? Yes, it is possible through the use of gmail email sender system application.
The user can login with the username and password. Once logged in he will be able to view any updates that are available. The contacts table can contain the name, mobile number and email address. The user can also check the reminders that are present in his inbox. It can contain the content, subject and date. The address table can contain the name, home, state, city, pin code etc. The user interface must be simple and easy to understand. This will be one of the interesting applications that one can work on and implement in real time world. The tables that are included in this application are as follows:
- Login: This table will contain the login details with which the user can login to the application.
- Contacts: The contacts to which the emails are being sent by the customers can be stored in this table.
- Users: The users information is stored in this table.
- Reminder: Any reminders that are present can be stored with great ease through this table.
- Address: The address of the recipient will be stored in this table with great ease.
Gmail Email Sender


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5 Expert Tips for Aspiring Food Entrepreneurs
While the New York City Wine & Food Festival may be best known for hosting walk-around tastings and private dinners with the industry's most innovative and established chefs, an increasingly present—and interesting—aspect of the festival is a growing roster of panel discussions and lectures. Among those I attended at this year's festival was "Pitch Me: How to Turn Your Love For Food Into a Successful Culinary Business," featuring insights from established entrepreneurs on how to build a brand in this increasingly competitive business.
Recognize your brand
When the Food Network brought on Rachael Ray, they were looking for a can-do home cook. But even as her star has risen, Rachel has kept that message—accessibility—at the core of her brand. For her, a large part of content creation is ensuring the audience can see themselves in her show and feel a part of a community.
Put everything down on paper
Restaurateur Luke Ostrom says a key mistake most restaurant owners make is that they don't think thoroughly enough about their concept and logistical planning. You need to exhaust your ideas and analysis because there is an art to choosing when to go into debt.
Everything has a "sell by" date
If spending seven years on television taught Chef Tyler Florence one thing, it's that food programs, businesses and products have a shelf life. His was a career built on celebrity, and when the bottom fell out in 2008, he realized that a single-faceted career was no longer a sustainable reality. His advice to aspiring food personalities? "Make TV and media a spoke in your wheel, not your [whole] wheel."
Know your audience
Having grown up in Ohio, Senior Vice President of the Food Network, Bob Tuschman, knows that what works in New York doesn't necessarily work for the rest of the country. He sees his Midwest upbringing as an asset in itself, as he has more respect for and interest in the national perspective.
Consider your timing
Quirky founder Ben Kaufman asserts that "the best ideas in the world aren't actually in the world, they're in people's heads." His own invention, the Mophie for iPhone and iPad, went bust in its early days, but just a few years later was earning 300 million dollars in sales.


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Petland Janesville, Wisconsin
This breed is just a bundle of joy. The Australian Terrier is a small-sized dog breeds belonging to the terrier group. This breed lives up to its Australian title as it was first developed in Australia, however, it still comes from a long line of breeds in Great Britain. Discover more about our Australian Terrier puppies for sale below!
Commonly called 'Aussie' the Australian Terrier was developed to hunt and kill small animals or pests like rodents or snakes. They have also been celebrated as great watch dogs although their small stature would hint otherwise. This dog is obedient, delightful and a great companion for both kids and adults.
It is believed that the Australian Terrier in all its little adorableness is a descendant of the Rough-Coated Terrier breed which so happens to be related to an archaic scotch dog of Great Britain. It is also believed that the Australian Terrier has the blood of the Yorkshire, Black and Tan Terrier, Dandie, and Skye breeds flowing in it.
The Aussie was developed to kill rodents and snakes in areas with diverse temperatures like gold mines, waterfronts, sheep stations, etc. Their ability to face harsh conditions was paramount in the tasks they handled. This breed is Australia's first recognized native dog breed. Years passed and a lot of migration later before the happy-go-lucky dog breed gained AKC recognition in 1960.
This dog is small in stature and they have a fun personality. They make great companions for diverse age ranges and they're bubbling with energy. The Australian Terrier can run as far as their short legs can carry them, they are highly devoted to their owners and they're great with kids.
This breed is clever, easy to train, and in the business of creating joy for its owners. They are far from aggressive and great for kids. The Australian Terrier can have separation anxiety as they usually follow their owners from one room to the other within the home.
However, this breed loves to be engaged in one form of sports activity or the other and they should be fine provided they aren't left unattended for hours at a stretch.
The Australian Terrier is a small dog and as such is well built for apartment living. They appreciate open spaces but are equally comfortable in the confines of an apartment building. Hence you could either get a dog bed or snuggle up to your Australian Terrier as they love cuddles too.
This breed has a higher tolerance for hot weather than it has for the cold ones. The Australian Terrier adapts perfectly to a dominant owner and hence it is great for first-time dog owners. This dog breed is not only friendly with members of its human family, but it is also accommodating to other dogs and strangers too. They will be perfect in serene or quiet environments as they do not bark as much.
A dog of this size has a lot of energy waiting to be dissipated. The Australian Terrier is very energetic and needs an ample amount of exercise to prevent it from getting destructive later on as a result of boredom.
Simple dog exercises like fetch can go a long way in keeping the little one happy and exhausted when he returns. This dog breed is easy to train, intelligent, has an insane drive for prey so you may have to lure them with mice during training.
They also have the potential to wander when taken off the leash hence, unless your Australian Terrier is fully trained, be prepared to run after him once you take off his leash.
The Australian Terrier has a rugged coat that sheds slowly and at the barest minimum. This breed doesn't require a lot of grooming procedures as owners can brush him weekly, bathe him every three months unless he's gotten into something whose evidence has to be eliminated.
If the frequency of baths is increased, the Australian Terrier's hard coat may soften and while this isn't life-threatening for the dog, it does mar its physical appearance. In the same vein, Australian Terrier's toenails can be trimmed once a month while owners can check his body parts for traces of redness, inflammation or bad odor.
Our Australian Terrier puppies for sale come from either USDA licensed commercial breeders or hobby breeders with no more than 5 breeding mothers. USDA licensed commercial breeders account for less than 20% of all breeders in the country.
The unregulated breeders who are selling outside of the USDA regulations and without a license are what we consider to be "Puppy Mills." We are committed to offering Australian Terrier puppies who will grow up to become important members of your family. We only purchase puppies from the very best sources, and we stand behind every puppy we sell.
This dog breed can live up to 15 years.
A fully matured American Terrier can weigh anything from 14 to 16 pounds.
This dog breed is particularly popular among children as it matches their energy levels and offers a great company.
The Australian Terrier is fairly easy to train.
Nope, they most certainly do not.
The Australian Terrier is a healthy dog breed, they do not have any hereditary illness. However, dogs of this size are prone to either allergies, diabetes mellitus, leg-Perthes, or patellar luxation.
The Australian terrier has a lot of good features but their best would be their ability to hunt despite their short legs.
This dog breed comes in three color types, they include; Sandy, Red, and Tan. The tan-colored Australian terriers have a blue saddle too.
Yes. They do not require intensive or frequent grooming and they can be fed twice a day excluding dog treats.
The Australian Terrier breed can reach 10-11 inches.
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[show_shopthepost_widget id="3024665″]
With endless snow and frigid temperatures, I am keeping myself from going cabin-fever-crazy by surrounding myself with pretty, colourful things, like flowers, candles, and makeup. Luckily, I received several pieces from the CHANEL Neapolis Spring/Summer 2018 Beauty Collection to play with, and I am already obsessed. The collection dreamed up by CHANEL Global Creative Makeup and Color Designer Lucia Pica is inspired by her hometown of Naples, its pastel-coloured buildings, fading frescoes, lush greenery, blue skies, and the endless sea. The result is a truly spectacular collection of unique, but flattering and wearable shades that bring a piece of Italy into the wearer's life.
The standout (and the must-have) from this collection is definitely the beautiful Les 9 Ombres Palette Edition N1: Affresco eyeshadow palette. Combining the neutral beiges and browns with brighter greens, this palette is perfect for creating looks for every day life and special occasions alike. I love to use the darker green as eye-liner to make my eyes pop, it's subtle but totally effective. The shades are buildable and can be layered to create a more intense look.
Another personal favourite is Poudre A Levres – the new tinted lip powder, which was inspired by the "tempera technique of Pompeiian frescoes". Each palette contains a clear moisturizing lip balm and a tinted pressed powder pigment, and it's up to you to create your perfect "just-kissed" lip. I love how perfectly imperfect the application looks…the definition of effortlessly chic.
The rest of the collection is pretty perfect too. I am adding pops of colour into my life via beautiful nail polish shades like Nuvola Rosa and Verde Pastello, and of course poppy lip colours like Rouge Allure Ink's Entusiasta. All I need now is a one-way ticket to the Amalfi Coast and my winter woes will be solved entirely.
What do you think of CHANEL Neapolis Spring/Summer 2018 Beauty Collection? Share your thoughts in the comments.
More photos after the jump!
[Read more…]


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LOUISVILLE, Ky. (AP) — Retaliatory tariffs caused a sharp downturn in American whiskey exports in the last half of 2018 as distillers started feeling the pain from global trade disputes, an industry trade group said Tuesday.
Exports to some key overseas markets gyrated wildly last year for producers of bourbon, Tennessee whiskey and rye whiskey. Overall, U.S. spirits exports in 2018 stayed on another record-setting trajectory, due in part to surging whiskey sales in the months leading up to the tariffs as larger distillers stockpiled supplies, the Distilled Spirits Council said. Other categories including vodka, brandy and rum also had strong overseas sales.
But exports would have been much higher without the trade war, it said.
"For the first time, data can demonstrate the negative impact of retaliatory tariffs on what had been a booming export growth story," said Christine LoCascio, the council's senior vice president for international affairs. "The tariffs are making it more difficult to be competitive in key markets," she added.
The export figures confirmed fears among industry leaders that tariffs would depress overseas sales. But whiskey industry officials have been muted in blaming President Donald Trump and others for the export headaches. American whiskey exports to the European Union — the industry's biggest export market — fell by 8.7 percent from July through November of last year, compared to the same period in 2017, the group said in its annual report released in New York.
In the first half of 2018, American whiskey exports to the EU surged by 33 percent, it said. Overall global American whiskey exports grew by 28 percent in the first half of 2018, then fell by 8.2 percent from July to November — compared to a year ago — once tariffs took effect, according to the trade group's export figures, based on numbers supplied by the U.S. government.
"That suggests that the tariffs are starting to have a measureable impact on American whiskey exports," LoCascio said. Despite the volatility, exports for all U.S. spirits recorded another record at almost $1.7 billion through November, the council said.
"It would have been a lot stronger if we hadn't had these tariffs" said council spokesman Frank Coleman. "If not for the tariffs, we would have been popping the corks on the best bottles in our liquor cabinet." American whiskey makers face retaliatory tariffs in Canada, Mexico, China and Turkey as well as the EU. Those duties amount to a tax, which producers can either pass along to customers through higher prices or absorb shrinking profits.
Some large American distillers gained a short-term cushion from trade disputes by stockpiling whiskey supplies in countries ahead of the tariffs. But as the trade disputes continue, they are being hit, too. Smaller distillers didn't have the luxury of stockpiling.
Catoctin Creek Distillery in Virginia has a couple hundred cases of its rye whiskey sitting in a European warehouse. The inventory was built up in anticipation of growing European sales in 2018. But since the tariffs took effect, Catoctin Creek's sales in Italy and Germany have plunged and its plans of expanding to the United Kingdom are on hold, said its co-founder and general manager, Scott Harris.
About 11 percent of its overall 2017 revenues came from Europe. The distillery hoped its European business would increase to one-fourth of total revenues in 2018, but "that part just never materialized," Harris said in an interview. "If we were able to get the tariffs removed, I think we'd be in good shape to really just take off," he said.
For now, Catoctin Creek is absorbing the costs of tariffs for the scaled-back European sales it's able to make in hopes of maintaining relationships with distributors and staying competitive, Harris said. "For European sales, it means we're losing money on every bottle," he said.
Asked how long his distillery can afford to do that, he replied: "I don't even want to think about it. We might do it for another half of year and see. Honestly, it's hard to be optimistic at this point."
While exports were a glaring concern, domestic sales of distilled spirits were strong in 2018.
The council reported another year of record spirits sales and volumes in the U.S., resulting in continued market share growth. Supplier sales were up over 5.1 percent, rising $1.3 billion to a total of $27.5 billion, while volumes rose 2.2 percent to 231 million cases, it said.
"These robust results show adult consumers are continuing to favor spirits over beer and wine, particularly among millennials," council President and CEO Chris Swonger said. Combined U.S. revenues for bourbon, Tennessee whiskey and rye whiskey rose 6.6 percent, or $224 million, to $3.6 billion in 2018, council said. Domestic volumes rose 5.9 percent to 24.5 million cases.


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loBURN is a vision born of an artistic collective who seek to identify and share amazing, unusual art, photography, music, and aspects of pop culture from all genres with emphasis on the obscure and unfamiliar.
loBURN will provide fantastic images and comprehensive interviews, articles, and quotes from some of your favorite creators as well as new, emerging artists.
We welcome you on this innovative journey where we aim to lift the veil of formal conceptions so that you may enjoy unconventional, erotic, and controversial works as well as the words of traditional master artists, musicians, and creators.
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There has been a lot written about fake news recently. With many thinking it effected the US elections and the Brexit vote in the UK.
What is Fake news?
Fake news can be relatively harmless satire or a deliberate attempt to mislead. Unfortunately fake news tends to be written is such a way that they attract high numbers of shares. This is deliberate as they can generate large amounts of income for their publishers.
Why does it matter?
It matters because not everybody realises they are Fake News stories.
For example we hope you would realise this is fake –
But there are clues – the byline says Doug Trench (unlikely name) and it is on a website called the Suffolk Gazette which states it is "Let us tell you the Suffolk Gazette is without question Britain's best spoof news and satire news site – all with a lovely Suffolk twist."
However the reason this fake news is hitting the headlines is because of stories being shared connected with the US elections and the EU referendum.
This clipping was shared widely but is completely untrue –
Google and Facebook are both under fire for not flagging things as untrue so expect to hear more about this as they work on algorithms to sort it out.
There are lots of sites to check if something is true or not
Here are three which either check the stories or you can check the facts
Snopes – http://www.snopes.com
Full Fact: https://fullfact.org/
Fact Check: http://www.factcheck.org/
Here are Golden Rules for checking
- Read before Sharing
- Check the date
- Avoid sites that aren't balanced if looking for facts
- Check if other reliable sources are reporting it
- Fact check – Snopes and other sites
- Ask a librarian if you want more help – information is our job
We have put together a video which gives you an overview of how to test if something is true or not.


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Seconds - 9" X 12" OVAL CLEAR GLASS PLATE
All plates are hand bent. All molds are identical, but bends may vary.
Seconds means that the glass will have imperfections such as they may be foggy, have a blue tint, slight fingerprints, scuffs or scratches.
Seconds (2nds) cannot be returned or refunded because they are being sold at a discounted price


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Published by Brett Carson
Trends are pervasive in our culture, and the investment world is no different. The latest is the move towards passive investing using low-cost ETFs. Essentially, the argument is that nobody can consistently beat the overall market, so you're better off owning a cheap index fund with the aim of just keeping pace with it. This stands in contrast to active investing where portfolio managers charge higher fees to research and select individual assets with the goal of outpacing market returns. Recently, the passive camp is winning and it's not even close. According to the Financial Times, just 19% of large-cap mutual fund managers beat their benchmark in 2016, and passive funds grew five times faster than the active management industry in 20161. In fact, passive funds have outperformed active managers six out of the past seven years! Case closed. Game over. Right? I believe that the death of active management has been greatly exaggerated for the following reasons:
Active Versus Passive Management is Cyclical
The fact of the matter is that both styles go in and out of favor. While passive management is currently wearing the crown, it was the active camp that outperformed passive in nine out of 10 years during the 2000-2009 period. During the 1990s, passive bested active seven out of 10 years. Over a longer term, there is no clear winner. Over the past 32 years, active has outperformed 15 times and passive has won 17, according to Morningstar2. In short, investors should allocate to both styles.
Active Strategies Proactively Manage Risk
Most passive investors define risk in a very simple way – volatility. The more volatile an asset or sector is, the more risky it must be. They then allocate their assets across security types (bonds, stocks, real estate, etc.) and sectors (tech, utilities, financials, etc.) based upon its historical volatility. There is no consideration given to the underlying securities held in index ETFs. Most buy that basket of securities blindly without knowing what's inside. On the other hand, active managers look at risk much more broadly. Not only is volatility considered, but also valuation, technical risk, business and industry risks, macroeconomic factors, among others. Many think active managers' primary goal is to pick outperforming stocks. Rather, I would argue that they are actively managing risk.
Remember the movie, The Big Short, and the scene where Christian Bale's character is combing through all the individual loans inside of mortgage-backed securities to identify the bad ones that he wanted to bet against? That's what active managers do – avoid risky investments (or bet against them in this case). To continue the analogy, passive investors would look at that AAA-rated mortgage-backed security and measure its risk by its historically low volatility, which unfortunately is what a lot of people did.
True Active Managers Can Take Advantage of Market Inefficiencies
Warren Buffett once said, "I'd be a bum on the street with a tin cup if the market was always efficient." What he means is that through conducting deep research on companies, he can identify situations where stocks are underpriced relative to their intrinsic value. This is another key advantage of true active management – the ability to overweight securities that are undervalued. This stands in contrast to passive strategies that weight the underlying securities by market capitalization, or size. I say "true" because there are quite a few actively managed funds that structure their portfolios to be very similar to that of its benchmark. After charging relatively high fees, these are almost destined to underperform over time. There are pockets of the market that tend to be more inefficient than others (small caps, international), and there are periods of time where the broader market becomes inefficient as well. Unlike passive, active managers can be opportunistic and capitalize on such situations.
The active versus passive debate will rage on, and as history shows, active managers will have their day in the sun once again. My advice is to take a balanced approach and don't try to time when the next shift occurs.
The opinions voiced in this material are for general information only and are not intended to provide specific advice or recommendations for any individual. No strategy assures success or protects against loss. To determine what is appropriate for you, consult a qualified professional.
Exchange-traded funds are sold only by prospectus. Please consider the investment objectives, risks, charges and expenses carefully before investing. The prospectus contains this and other information about the investment company, can be obtained from your financial professional at the phone number or address listed on this website in the Contact section. Be sure to read the prospectus carefully before deciding whether to invest.
1 Source: https://www.ft.com/content/7f60c1c6-d368-11e6-b06b-680c49b4b4c0?mhq5j=e3
2 Source: https://hkbeta.morningstar.com/ods_images/2015Jun_Morningstar%20Active-Passive%20Barometer.pdf


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Shipping times and costs from Olympia, United States of America to Bangkok, Thailand
1 Bedroom flat
3 Bedroom house
5 Bedroom house
Please note: the prices listed here are meant as an estimate only. The best way to get a comprehensive, tailored quote is to fill out our form and be matched with a supplier.
Shipping Container Costs to Thailand
The culturally rich city of Bangkok is the capital of Thailand and is one of the top tourist destinations in the world. With a history dating back to the 15th century, Bangkok is Thailand's centre of economics and culture. Residents of the city celebrate many festivals throughout the year and the streets are uniquely populated with street vendors, selling all manner of goods. In recent times, Bangkok has grown to strongly embrace sport, ranging from football to Muay Thai kickboxing. Traffic can be heavy, as cars are the primary mode of transport, but the city does offer an extensive bus network as an alternative. Bangkok is regarded as the country's centre of education and boasts several universities, which all happen to be the oldest in the country. Locals are known for being warm and welcoming towards expats and there are many different areas to choose from in which to live. Bangkok has many spectacular landmarks to see, such as the Grand Palace, Wat Pho and Wat Arun (also know as the ìTemple of Dawnî). Before you enjoy your new home of Bangkok, you must arrange shipping your items. There are two options for you to consider. A 20-foot container is suitable for the contents of a 3-bedroom house, whereas the contents of a 4 or 5-bedroom house would be better suited to a 40-foot container. A 40-foot container could also house the contents of a 3-bedroom house, as well as a car.
Shipping Container Options
20Ft Shipping Container
33 Cubic Meters
5.9m x 2.35m x 2.39m (l x w x h)
Price: £3,513 - £3,883
Get a quote for a 20ft container Get Shipping Container Quotes40Ft Shipping Container
67 Cubic Meters
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text:
[Willkommen, Aliens!]
Dear Alien,
We are very pleased that you have chosen to come to our wonderful country. We are truly honored to receive you in our midst. There are just a few formalities to get out of the way, to make sure that you and our country are a good match.
You are here because we believe in human rights; and so must you. But with human rights come human responsibilities. In order to stay here you will have to become one of us, and to do that you have to be willing and able to accept these responsibilities.
We have a rich and ancient national culture, which you will have to wholeheartedly adopt and to help us develop it and safeguard it from bad influences. You may, of course, keep your memories of the national culture of your country of origin, especially when it comes to music, dance, the visual arts, cuisine and so on, but you must understand that if you are to live with us, it is our culture that has to come first. Therefore, you will have to abandon any elements of your old culture that are incompatible with ours. If you fail to do so at any point, then you will be asked to leave.
We have a subtle and expressive national language, of which we are quite proud. Not all of us are expert in its use; many of us make mistakes in speaking and in writing it. But those of us who were born here have a birthright to be here, even if we make mistakes. Not so with you: your continued presence here is entirely conditional on your mastery of our national language. Of course, we will offer you all the help we can in learning and perfecting your language skills, but if you fail to demonstrate oral and written competence within a reasonable period of time, then you will be asked to leave.
We have many freedoms, which we treasure above all else. One of them is freedom of religion: each and every one of us is free to choose what to believe, or whether to believe anything at all. We are a secular society, and religious principles can never be allowed to determine our laws or policies. It is very important that you respect freedom of religion, including freedom from religion. Even your own family members must be free to decide whether to be Neopagan, Pastafarian or Atheist. If you refuse to grant them this freedom, and attempt to use religion in a socially divisive or discriminatory manner, then you will be asked to leave.
Another very important freedom is freedom from discrimination. Our people enjoy the same basic rights regardless of their gender, sexual orientation, skin color, ethnicity, age or physical and mental abilities. If it is discovered that you discriminate against people, including members of your own family, and deny them their rights, then you will be asked to leave.
We also enjoy numerous liberties: we are pretty much free to do and say whatever we want, as long as nobody gets hurt by our actions. If you are to become one of us, you must respect these freedoms and liberties and help us defend them. We are forever debating the limits of what is permissible; for example, at what age should young women be allowed to take part in bikini contests, or whether it is permissible to have sex on the beach if it is dark, there are no minors present, and everyone is too drunk to care anyway. As a newcomer, you will need to abandon the notions of what was or was not permissible in your country of origin, and work on understanding and accepting ours. If you try to deny us our liberties, or to impose your notions on us, then you will be asked to leave.
To make sure that there are no misunderstandings, please read this over again carefully and ask any specific questions this raises for you, especially on how this pertains to your native customs, culture or religion. We will make every effort to give you good, accurate answers. And once you are satisfied that you understand what is being asked of you, you must decide whether or not to swear the following oath.
I do solemnly swear:
- That it is my earnest desire to become one of you, to obey your laws, follow your customs, absorb your culture and master your language.
- That I will make every effort to become a valuable, accepted, respected member of your society.
- That I will abandon any elements of my culture or religion that are incompatible with the rights and liberties you enjoy.
- That I am swearing this oath of my own free will and in good faith.
- That I understand that I will be expelled if I break this oath.
If you decide not to swear this oath, then you will be asked to leave.


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Space Marshals 2 – First Concept Art
First of all, a huge thanks to all our fans that's been taking the time to send us your thoughts on Space Marshals and what you wish for in upcoming Space Marshals 2. There's been some really good stuff there that we've taken into account when paving the way for Space Marshals 2.
We're still in early development but the essence of Space Marshals 2 is starting to form, although there's still a long way to go before we have a finished game in our hands.
We get a lot of input from you guys and the most frequently asked question that we get is that you want to know when Space Marshals 2 will launch?
Well first of all. We heard you!
Space Marshals 1 began its journey 1.5 years (!) before launch and took around 20 000 hours of work, including updates. Yep, you heard right. Although it was not in full production the whole time, the idea of making a top-down tactical shooter was there all along. Coming down to the fact that it really takes a lot of time and effort creating a game like Space Marshals.
If it hadn't been for all the excellent feedback from players, reviewers and press we'd probably wouldn't be sitting here today, scratching our heads on where Burt will go next. Fact is, we want to come up with a sequel that will deliver the same great experience as the first did but instill a unique feel and adding awesome content that we hope our audience will enjoy. We're creating whole new environments, characters, enemies and all the details that come to it. Ultimately binding up with the storyline.
With that said we are confident enough to say that Space Marshals 2 will launch in the second quarter of 2016.
We hope you can stay patiently excited, knowing we're working really hard on Space Marshals 2 and making a game we hope you'll enjoy. In the meantime, here are some early concept art we did to set the feel to some of the environments and new characters.


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When Marlie attends a cadaver ball at Vanderbilt Medical School, she did not expect to actually see any cadavers. Or, that a strange apparition would issue her such a chilling message. Despite the cadaver's warning, a year later Marlie is married to Tennessee State Senator, Daniel Cannon, and living in a plantation-style mansion with two step sons. Add to the mix her growing suspicion that something is amiss with the death of Daniel's first wife, Gentry, and newlywed Marlie is definitely in over her pretty Yankee head.
What begins as an innocent inquiry into her new husband's clouded past, ends with Marlie facing a dangerous conspiracy. A modern twist on the classic Gothic romance novels like Rebecca and Jane Eyre, Replacing Gentry follows Marlie's precarious journey as she seeks to learn the truth about the man she married.
Title: Replacing Gentry
Author: Julie N. Ford
Publisher: WiDo Publishing
Release Date: April 9, 2013
Size: 286 pages, 5.5 x 8.5, softcover
Genre: Contemporary Women's Fiction


text:
Free Pregnancy Testing near Cypress, CA
Her Choice Women's Clinic offers free pregnancy testing near Cypress, California. The importance of the diagnosis of pregnancy is paramount for any pregnancy and should partake in free pregnancy testing. We offer a sensitive HCG pregnancy test for our free pregnancy testing in our office, with results immediately available.
This test is performed with a urine sample and is extremely easy and quick. For our patients' that qualify, this is part of Her Choice Women's Clinic's free pregnancy testing near Cypress, California. Another way to screen for free pregnancy testing is to perform a blood test. This test is more sensitive, meaning it will detect the hormone level at a much earlier phase since conception. The downside of the free pregnancy testing blood test is that it takes a few days for the results, it requires drawing blood, and it is more expensive than the urine screen.
If the free pregnancy testing results are positive, then the decision of what to do next rests upon the patient. The first thing to consider is whether the conception was planned or whether unplanned. If it was planned, we can refer to a health care provider that provides prenatal care.


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Get the latest products and reviews in your inbox
Maya Kaimal
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Prize is a dinner for 4 at Vegie Tribe, Melbourne's epic all-you-can-eat vegan buffet eatery in the heart of the CBD. Winners will be drawn on Monday, 13th December and announced via social media and email.
You can win a dinner at Melbourne's newest all-vegan, all-you-can-eat buffet restaurant, Vegie Tribe.
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Each month, review any product on Buy Vegan to go in the running to win a $30 gift card that you can use at thousands of stores across Australia, including Coles and Woolworths.
All you need to do is review any product on Buy Vegan and you'll automatically go in the running. The winner will of each month will be announced in the first newsletter of the next month, so make sure you're subscribed to see who wins!
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text:
Access and download the 2022-2023 O/L Business and Accounting Study Past Paper in Sinhala Medium . Enhance your exam preparation with this valuable resource, available for free download.
Excel in your studies and achieve academic success with the official past Papers.
Exam | GCE O/L |
Year | 2022 (2023) |
Subject | Business and Accounting Study |
Sinhala Medium Past Paper | Download PDF |
Marking Scheme | Download PDF |


text:
Sakai Drop In
- When:
- Location:
- Langsdale Library: Turner Learning Commons, third floor
- Room:
- Description:
Sakai, UB's e-Learning platform, is used in all classes, not just online courses. Drop in and get personalized support to navigate Sakai, submit assignments, manage files, take tests, participate in discussions, and more.
- Contact Name:
- Achievement & Learning Center
- Contact Email:
- firstname.lastname@example.com
- Contact Phone:
- 410.837.5383
Appropriate accommodations for individuals with disabilities will be provided upon request 10 days prior to a campus event and 30 days prior to an event requiring travel.


text:
Trinity is More than just a residence. It is a culturally diverse, 55+ Adult Lifestyle Community. With us, you will be able to take advantage of our tailor-made community to meet your present and future health, social, spiritual and recreational needs. We are a not-for-profit, charitable organization, which means you will be reinvesting in your care and service. We believe that the best way to effectively serve this community is through building relationships. We operate under a not-for-profit business structure, which also enables us to put the needs and desires of our residents first. Source: Trinity Ravine Towers
KITCHEN - ceilings to be smooth, flat painted white - walls to be quality semi-gloss, mildew-proof, latex (one primer, two finish coats, touch-up paint provided for each suite) - choice of custom quality European-style melamine face cabinets with quartz countertops- deep cabinets above refrigerator - full height pantry - double compartment stainless steel kitchen sink with single lever faucet - one bank of pull-out drawers for pots and pans where possible - fridge placement to enable door to be opened beyond 90 degrees for better access, shelf removal and cleaning APPLIANCES - built-in dishwasher with energy-saving cycle, stainless steel - 18 cubic foot, refrigerator with top-mounted freezer, stainless steel - 30" self-clean, glass-ceramic top electric range, stainless steel - integrated microwave range hood - 27" stacked washer/dryer, white BATHS - ceilings to be smooth, flat painted white - walls to be quality semi-gloss, mildew-proof, latex, (one primer, two finish coats, touch-up paint provided for each suite) - one-piece walk-in shower with moulded seat (60" x 35") in all one bath suites and in master bathroom - standard bathtub and shower in 2nd full bath - single lever faucets at tubs, shower and sink, pressure balanced tub controls - choice of European-style melamine vanity with quartz countertops in all baths - mirrored medicine cabinet in master bathroom, mirror over sink in all second baths and powder room - exhaust fan in all baths with fan on separate switch - heat lamp in master bath - quality grade, plumbing fixtures DOORS AND WINDOWS - mirrored closet door at foyer closet - quality lever door hardware throughout - panelized hollow core interior doors - pre-finished sliding patio doors with full glazed panel and screens - linen shelving in master bedroom closets - insulated thermally broken low-E windows in pre-finished exterior aluminum frames, operable sections with insect screens - solid core, wood laminate-faced entrance door with view FLOORING - choice of wood-laminate flooring in living/dining room and bedrooms - choice of porcelain tile in baths, laundry closet and kitchens, Walls, Ceiling and Trim - white spray textured stippled ceilings - gypsum drywall with quality pearl latex paint (1 primer, 2 finish coats, touch-up paint provided for each suite) - decorative baseboard to be paint-grade, sanded, primed and painted (one primer, two finish coats) MECHANICAL - central high-efficiency gas-fired heating and air-conditioning with individual fan- coil on separate thermostat in each suite - central high-efficiency gas-fired domestic hot water - individual "smart-meters" for each suite - dryer and bath exhaust fans ducted directly to exterior ELECTRICAL - individual electrical service, with copper wiring, circuit breaker panel - quality interior light fixtures in foyer, kitchen, bedrooms, and bathrooms - dining room box and switch (purchaser to provide fixture) - pre-wired for telephone in kitchen, living room, bedrooms and den - three line telephone cable to each suite for internet or facsimile capability - pre-wired for cable TV in living room, all bedrooms and den EXTERIOR AND COMMON FEATURES - quality porcelain or stone tile at entry vestibule and elevator lobbies - commercial grade carpeting in corridors and lounges - corridors, vestibule and lobbies to be high quality attractive finish - garbage chute from each floor, recycling area - make-up air to be roof-mounted HVAC units for pressurization of all floors - three elevators with laminate cab walls - amenity and common rooms to be air-conditioned SUITE FINISH SELECTIONS Three standard colour packages to select from, including: - wood-laminate flooring - porcelain tile flooring - kitchen and bathroom cabinets - kitchen and bathroom countertops STANDARD SUITE FINISHES - plumbing fixtures to be white - kitchen appliances to be stainless steel - stacked washer-dryer to be white


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President Biden and his White House on Thursday tried to clean up comments he made about Russia during a lengthy news conference the previous day.
On Wednesday, Biden had predicted Russia would invade Ukraine, but suggested there was a split among NATO members about how to respond if Moscow took action that stopped short of sending its troops across the border — something Biden referred to as a "minor incursion." He said:
"I think what you're going to see is that Russia will be held accountable if it invades. And it depends on what it does. It's one thing if it's a minor incursion and then we end up having a fight about what to do and not do."
The president's unusually frank comments came at a delicate time. U.S. and European officials are working to find a diplomatic way to end tensions after months of Russian troop movements around the Russia-Ukraine border.
They immediately raised alarms at home — and overseas. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said on Twitter that there was no such thing as "minor incursions."
The uproar left White House officials spending the one-year anniversary of Biden's time in office doing a lot of damage control.
We want to remind the great powers that there are no minor incursions and small nations. Just as there are no minor casualties and little grief from the loss of loved ones. I say this as the President of a great power 🇺🇦
— Володимир Зеленський (@ZelenskyyUa) January 20, 2022
The White House quickly issued a walk-back
Shortly after Biden wrapped up his press conference, his press secretary Jen Psaki issued a statement trying to explain what he meant:
"If any Russian military forces move across the Ukrainian border, that's a renewed invasion, and it will be met with a swift, severe, and united response from the United States and our allies."
She said that "aggression short of military action" like cyberattacks and paramilitary hits "will be met with a decisive, reciprocal, and united response."
Then Biden offered his own clarification
On Thursday morning, the president began an unrelated infrastructure event seeking to fix the fallout and clarify his stance.
"If any — any — assembled Russian units move across the Ukrainian border, that is an invasion," Biden said, adding that it would result in a "severe and coordinated economic response" that he has discussed with allies.
"Let there be no doubt at all that if [Russian President Vladimir] Putin makes this choice, Russia will pay a heavy price," the president said. But he also said the United States needed to be prepared for other scenarios beyond overt military tactics, such as paramilitary operations or cyber attacks.
White House officials talked to Ukraine and others
Biden's national security adviser Jake Sullivan spoke about the situation with top officials from nine allies on NATO's eastern flank, and his counterpart in Japan, the White House said.
Meanwhile, Secretary of State Antony Blinken — who is slated to meet with Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov on Friday — spoke with allies in Berlin.
"We have been in touch at a high level with Ukrainian officials and leaders," Psaki told reporters at the White House on Thursday.
She also spent time explaining Biden's comments on major U.S. television networks.
It's not clear how the U.S. would respond to a paramilitary or cyber hit
Psaki confirmed during Thursday's press briefing that paramilitary and cyber attacks would be considered "minor incursions" and said "we need to be prepared for a range of scenarios, and we have a range of tools and tactics at our disposal."
She insisted the White House's intention was not to diminish the efforts of previous administrations to treat cyberwarfare as a threat that is as dangerous as physical military invasions — though she would not say what kind of response a Russian cyber hit would receive.
Psaki downplayed the specter of a NATO split:
"On NATO, what he was conveying is that we have been focused in ensuring that we remain united with NATO. Now united doesn't mean that everything will be identical — it means we're united in taking action should they decide to invade."
Will Biden talk to Putin again?
During his press conference, Biden was asked whether he was considering another summit with Putin to find a diplomatic solution. "Yes," Biden replied. "I think that is a possibility."
Washington has repeatedly warned Russia not to invade Ukraine. Biden spoke with Putin twice last month in the hopes of deescalating the situation.
Psaki said she had nothing to predict about further calls or meetings. "I expect when Secretary Blinken comes back, they'll discuss with the national security team what the right next steps are," she said.
Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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Ladies Rolex Datejust 26 Factory White Roman Dial '69173'
- Regular Price
- £4,950.00
- Sale Price
- £4,950.00
- Regular Price
- Unit Price
- Translation missing: en.general.accessibility.unit_price_separator
The Rolex Datejust '69173' is still one of the most iconic & recognisable ladies watches still to today.
This watch has 26mm stainless steel case, an automatic movement, scratch resistant sapphire crystal glass and is set on a stainless steel & 18k yellow gold jubilee bracelet.
As you will see just by looking at the pictures this watch is in fantastic condition for its age and comes complete with Rolex Box & Rolex Paperwork,12 months Ride On Timee Mechanical Warranty, Complimentary Insurance Valuation Certificate.
Free Fully Insured Shipping In The U.K.
Year | 1990+ |
Box | Yes |
Papers | Yes |
Our Warranty | 12 Months |
Availability | In store/On Request |
Delivery | 1-3 Days |
Returns Policy | Standard |
Model | 69173 |
Movement | Caliber 2135 |
Case Size (mm) | 26mm |
Strap | Full Links |
Dial | Factory Dial |
Returns Policy We have a 14 day return policy, which means you have 14 days after receiving your item to request a return.
To be eligible for a return, your item must be in the same condition that you received it, unworn or unused, with tags, and in its original packaging. You'll also need the receipt or proof of purchase.
To start a return, you can contact us at email@example.com. If your return is accepted, we'll send you a return shipping label, as well as instructions on how and where to send your package. Items sent back to us without first requesting a return will not be accepted.
We will notify you once we've received and inspected your return, and let you know if the refund was approved or not. If approved, you'll be automatically refunded on your original payment method. Please remember it can take some time for your bank or credit card company to process and post the refund too.
Damages and issues
Please inspect your order upon reception and contact us immediately if the item is defective, damaged or if you receive the wrong item, so that we can evaluate the issue and make it right.