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News from the IAFF FrontLine!
--12AUG15 US Pizza Hosting Fundraiser for NLRFD Brother. We have just learned that U.S. Pizza Company at 301 Northport Dr in Cabot, Arkansas is hosting a fundraiser for Adam Moreno's family. Sorry for the late notice on this, but the fundraiser is TODAY!! As in right now!
As most of you know, Adam suffered a catastrophic loss due to a house fire over a week ago. The outpouring of help from the community has been beyond belief. We would like to name all of the organizations, communities and people who have helped, but the list would be long and I'd probably accidentally leave someone out.
US Pizza will donate 10% of all receipts from 4pm to 10pm to Moreno's family. If anyone is in the area and looking for a good meal, we'd like to suggest killing two birds with one stone: eat good pizza and help out a Brother in a time of need!
21MAY15 -- The North Little Rock Fire Department is pleased to announce the promotion of two of it's officers, along with the hiring of two new firefighters, at an official ceremony held on April 3rd, 2015. Pictured are (from left to right) Cpt Jeff Combs, Lt Dan Bryson, FF James Stanley and FF Michael Mitsunaga.
Cpt Jeff Combs was originally assigned as Lieutenant on Engine 7 in Lakewood on C Crew, where he served the Department as a Paramedic. With his promotion, he has been reassigned to Rescue 5 in Park Hill as Captain on B Shift.
Lt Dan Bryson worked formerly as a firefighter on Engine 3 in the Baring Cross community; with his promotion, he has been reassigned to Truck 7 in Lakewood on C Shift.
FF's James Stanley and Mike Mitsunaga were both hired from previous fire department backgrounds. Stanley was formerly with the Pine Bluff Fire Department, and Mitsunaga comes to the NLRFD from the Searcy Fire Department.
Both Stanley and Mitsunaga enjoy previous Union memberships, and have already become members of Local #35.
Photos from Confined Space Training conducted August 12th, 2014 at Arkansas Seed Company (12th and Cedar)
4FEB15- At an emergency meeting on Monday, February 2nd, the NLR City Council unanimously approved the purchase of three new fire trucks for the NLRFD from Pierce Manufacturing. The three new Pierce Sabers are now in process for delivery and are expected to arrive by the beginning of March.
More information will be made available after they are received by the Department.
Over 50 members of the APFF, representing municipal fire fighters from all corners of the state, rallied today at the Capitol to lobby for issues affecting fire safety and fair employment of the profession.
One of the key issues has been the introduction of a Bill to amend a portion of the Arkansas Code regarding Worker's Compensation claims for mental injuries. Under the current state law, Worker's Compensation claims for mental injuries can only be made when they include physical injuries. The current understanding of stress-related mental issues such as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder makes clear their need for treatment as serious life- and work-affecting injuries in their own right, outside of the scope of physical injuries.
Arkansas State Senator Jon Woods (R) has recognized this need and stepped up to sponsor the Mental Injury/Illness Bill. It is due to be filed in the next few days, and will then go to the House and Senate committees for review.
There are other issues that the APFF has brought to the 2013 Legislation.
HB1280, amending a loophole in a previous Act that prohibited the sale of certain novelty lighters, added "grill lighters" to the defined list. The potential for these lighters to be seen and used as toys by children is an issue that has hopefully been resolved. HB1280 has passed both the Senate and the House, and is on it's way to the Governor for signature.
HB1392 establishes a timeframe for Civil Service Commissions to certify promotional listings. Currently, there is no established timeframe. If passed, this Bill will set the certification period to 90 days after the completion of testing. HB1392 has cleared the House of Representatives and is now on it's way to the Senate for committee review.
HB1481 (the Firefighter Vacation Equalization Bill) will clarify a discrepancy regarding interpretation of the "work day" with respect to firefighters' vacations. A few municipalities have treated the firefighter 24-hour shift as three work days in this interpretation, which results in firefighters recieving less than 3 weeks vacation per year, as the law intended. Public Safety employees recieving the same "15 days" vacation per year get the full 3 weeks. The amendment will change the 15-day rule to "three calendar weeks" which will clear up the discrepancy. This Bill is currently filed and on its way to the Senate and House committees.
The Arkansas Professional Fire Fighters Association continues to work toward improving the working conditions of firefighters throughout the state; this in turn improves the quality of service provided to the public.
Dec 19, 2013 - Working with the Salvation Army, IAFF Local #35 raised $3,500 for it's annual Christmas Bikes program.
For over 10 years, Local #35 has raised money to provide bicycles to needy children for Christmas. Three years ago, Local #35 partnered with the Salvation Army's Central Arkansas Area Command to participate in their Christmas "Angel Tree" Program.
The Angel Tree Program accepts applications from pre-screened families in Arkansas for Christmas "wish lists" for their children. A combination of dedicated volunteers and generous contributions from the public are used to make these Christmas dreams come true. In Arkansas, over 5,000 children will find something under the tree that otherwise would not have been there, thanks to the Angel Tree program!
Local #35 is proud to participate in this program by collecting money specifically earmarked for bicycles; occasionally, we even receive bicycles themselves which are always welcome! (In 2011, while buying bicycles for the program, a customer in line behind us paid for an extra one right out of the box after she found out what we were doing! True Christmas spirit!) We are pleased to say that each succeeding year has seen even greater contributions.
It is important to know that all contributions go directly to the purchase of bicycles! There are no service charges, administrative fees, etc. Time, effort and gas used to make all of this happen are contributed by members of IAFF Local #35.
For more information about the Salvation Army's programs, either visit their website HERE or contact Captain Roger Glick with the Salvation Army.
The North Little Rock Fire Department took posession of a new training equipment system in July of 2011.
Wholly funded by federal grant money, the Live Fire Multi-Trainer System will provide firefighters in the NLRFD as well as surrounding Departments the facilities and equipment needed to learn and sharpen the skills of their craft.
Built around two full size metal trailers with attached catwalks and platforms, the System features many specialized training elements.
At the core are the trailers themselves. They are enclosed spaces with custom configurable walls which permit the trainer to set up a wide variety of different mazes. When filled with burning material and smoke, these very closely simulate the smokey, hot and completely dark conditions of the interior of a burning house. This is the closest thing to reality for training firefighters to operate in "live fire" conditions.
In the 1990's, the NLRFD trained in live-fire exercises by burning down derelict homes, training inside of them while they were burning until the structures had sustained enough damage that they were no longer safe... even for training. They were then allowd to burn down or were bulldozed.
The practice of intentionally burning abandoned homes for training was discontinued in light of new environmental regulations. Meeting these regulations prior to burning was extremely cost-ineffective. The practice was discontinued.
Along with live-fire exercises, the Multi-Training System allows firefighters to practice additional non-fire related skills like high angle rescue, confined space rescue, forcible entry, ventilation practices, and other necessary skills of the trade.
Several members of Local 35 donated their time recently to help out at Camp Sunshine, a four-day-long camp for children who have suffered burn injuries. Lt. Chris Patton, Lt. Alana Merritt and Firefighter Brian Thomas volunteered as camp counselors. Lt. John Miller and Lt. Mark Wittenburg worked behind the scenes as volunteers. Lts. Miller and Chris Patton are also on the planning committee of Camp Sunshine, working year-round to plan each summer's session.
On the second day of the camp, members of Local 35 cooked fish, hushpuppies and French fries for the entire camp. Those volunteers were Tom Cross, Capt. Gerald Tucker, Firefighters Jeremy Reed and Sean Walker. Fifty-two campers attended Camp Sunshine this year, ranging from ages 3 to 25. Most have Arkansas connections, including living in Arkansas and being treated at Arkansas Children's Hospital's burn unit. In addition to Arkansas firefighters, many nurses who worked first-hand with the campers in the early stages of their recovery. The camp is located at Camp Aldersgate in Little Rock, and provides four days of crafts, games, contests, a dance and field trips and allows burn victims to meet and bond with people who understand where they have been. The camp is in its 22nd year and is funded, in part, by firefighter unions from around the state.
-- akm
Partnering with the Salvation Army, Local 35's Christmas bike program is underway. The Local has collected over $2,600 dollars and has already purchased 42 bikes for children and received additional donations of bicycles for a total of over 46 bikes this year!
Members of Local 35 worked hard to secure donations and purchase the bikes, which were then delivered to the Salvation Army warehouse in Little Rock to be distributed this season through that agency's Angel Tree Program. By filling out an Angel Tree card detailing what they'd like for Christmas, children in North Little Rock and the Pulaski County area who specifically asked for bikes this year will be matched by age to the bicycles donated by our Union.
According to Secretary Alan Tetkoskie, just over $500 dollars remains uncollected. If money comes in after the Union has purchased this year's bicycles, the late-arriving money will be held for next years program. Contributors who donated this year included North Little Rock Fire Department members, city employees, and citizens. Local 35 would like to publicly thank the City Council of North Little Rock for allowing us time to announce collections during recent council meetings. We also thank Paul Myrick and Bob's Pawn Shop for serving as collection points and North Little Rock Fire for providing us with a place to store the bikes. (Note: All money collected by the Union for the purchase of bicycles goes toward the cost of the bikes.)
UPDATE NOV 15, 2011: Both of the taxes were defeated, by a very close margin.
First and foremost, we want the citizens of NLR to rest assured that the NLR Firefighters totally respect the outcome of the vote and the opinion of the voters. As always, we will continue to provide the best possible service and support to our community that was can. We've become very very skilled at "making do with what we've got" and will continue to do so!
We would also like to take the time to thank the citizens who came out to vote; it is privilege as well as a right to do so, and voting is the most effective way for each citizen to have a say in how his community is managed.
We have heard quite a few reasons as to why voters would select NO on these initiatives, and all of them are very strong and valid reasons. Local #35 is satisfied that no one ever voted NO because they felt like public safety didn't deserve the funds.
Citizens of North Little Rock:
The International Association of Fire Fighters Local #35, North Little Rock, by vote of it's membership, endorses and supports the upcoming tax initiatives.
Resolution 7926 proposes a permanent 1/2 cent sales tax that will be used to fund critically needed public safety shortfalls, including the purchase of a new fire station with equipment and 13 additional firefighters; the hiring of 10 police officers to fill positions that have been left vacant; a replacement program for the aging police car fleet; and funding a necessary upgrade to the current emergency services radio system.
Resolution 7927 proposes a temporary 1/2 cent sales tax that will last five years and will fund bridge and road replacements, Ward improvements, upgrades to our parks, and economic/business improvements that will include a business park area which will potentially be used to host the State Fair.
Local #35 sees the first resolution as an immediate solution to needed public safety issues that have been on a steady decline in the past decade. We also feel that the second resolution will provide the City with more revenue-producing economic opportunities which, when brought to fruition, can be used to further improve services provided to the City and it's citizens.
We are certain that the City Administration would agree that there have been many issues and differences between the City and Local #35. However, at this time, Local #35 believes that the passage of these two resolutions will ultimately provide the citizens with a better served and brigher North Little Rock.
Officers of Local #35 will be at the public forum at the Willow St Police/Fire Training Facility on Thursday, November 3rd at 5:30 PM and will be happy to answer any questions anyone might have for us regarding the tax initiative.
Four Union members from IAFF Local #35 attended this year's Camp Sunshine, held August 18-21.
Union Vice President Jon Miller and Trustee Chris Patton volunteered year-round as part of the Camp Sunshine committee that helps plan the camp and its activities each year; Patton also volunteered as a counselor to one of the burn victims attending the camp. Two other Union members, Alana Merritt and Brian Thomas, volunteered as counselors. As counselors, each person is paired with a camper of the same gender for four days and three nights.
Camp Sunshine brings together young burn victims throughout Arkansas to Camp Aldersgate for a half week each August, providing several days of activities, bonding, and learning. The children's burns range in severity and are in varying stages of healing. Marking the 20th anniversary of the camp, several counselors were recognized as former campers who'd returned as counselors. Other counselors included burn victims who had not attended Camp Sunshine as campers but who had heard of the camp through other means, nurses, and firefighters. In addition to NLRFD Local #35 Union members, firefighters from Jonesboro, Mountain Home, Springdale, El Dorado, Little Rock, Hot Springs and Benton assisted as staff, volunteers and counselors.
To celebrate the 20th anniversary, Camp Sunshine chose the celebratory theme of "Hollywood" for this year's camp, and female campers were treated to make-overs, professional hairstyling, and free formal dresses tailored on-site. Male campers had the choice of wearing suits brought from home or wearing one of the complimentary "tuxedo" shirts provided by the Camp. A visit by the Humane Society's horse "Lucky Sunshine" allowed the campers to see up-close the local celebrity, whose near-fatal wounds have healed but have left dark scar tissue across his body. The horse, who was dragged down a highway for nearly two miles after falling out of a trailer driven by a drunk driver, was rescued by the Humane Society and saved by surgeries and skin grafts—something many of the campers are very familiar with.
The kids also enjoyed a trip to the Hot Springs Crawler Park, where volunteers with off-road vehicles took campers and counselors on an hour-long trek through the scenic park, followed by lunch of grilled hot dogs and hamburgers.
To volunteer a few hours, or to become a counselor next year, contact Lt. Jon Miller or FF Chris Patton for details.
Article by AKM
[Editor's Note: Arkansas Camp Sunshine is wholly organized and funded primarily by firefighters across the state, Nurses and Doctors from Arkansas Children's Hospital, their family members and even former burn victims. Costs to run the annual camp are obtained by fundraising projects. NLR Local #35 contributed $4,000 this year, proceeds raised at their annual BuzzBQ event.]
Two of the North Little Rock Fire Department's uniformed firefighters will participate in the 2011 World Police and Fire Games.
This years Games are being held in New York City on the 10th anniversary of the tragic terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center.
Battalion Chief Roger Robinson and Lieutenant Todd Hink will go to New York City on August 26th to compete in the games. Robinson will be competing in a swimming event, and Hink will compete in the Triathlon, the 10K Track and the 10K Cross Country events.
Both the City of NLR and IAFF Local #35 are providing financial assistance to get Robinson and Hink to the games.
More information will be provided here as it develops. Additional information about the Police and Fire games can be found by clicking here.
US labour news headlines from LabourStart


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Meadow Pointe IV CDD
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UNHCR chief visits Somalia, Djibouti to highlight plight of the displaced
UNHCR chief visits Somalia, Djibouti to highlight plight of the displaced
OBOCK, Djibouti, December 7 (UNHCR) - A chance encounter last weekend in a Djibouti port with António Guterres, head of the UN refugee agency, may have saved the life of a 14-year-old Ethiopian called Ahmed.*
The teenager met the High Commissioner for Refugees as he waited in Obock for a smuggler's boat to take him and about 30 other hungry and tired Ethiopians across the choppy, dangerous waters of the Gulf of Aden to Yemen and hopes of a better life. Ahmed had walked through the desert for seven days to reach the port, a popular embarkation point for desperate people seeking to reach Yemen.
Guterres was in Obock as part of a trip to Djibouti and northern Somalia to raise awareness about the tens of thousands of Somalis and Ethiopians who risk their lives every year to cross from the Horn of Africa on crowded, rickety boats.
"I have a lot of understanding for what you are doing, but we are very, very worried," Guterres told the group of Ethiopians, who had been waiting two days for the smugglers to show up. "The journey is dangerous. Many people have perished and those who survive the crossing have suffered. Women are at risk [of being trafficked or raped]. If someone is afraid and wants to go back, we can help you to go back."
Clutching a jerry can and a plastic bag with a few belongings, Ahmed hesitantly stood up and declared, "I want to go back." Six more people followed his example, including two women and one other boy.
The remaining woman, Alima, 20, was not swayed. "When I left my country," she said, "I had a dream to go and work in Saudi Arabia and I am not going to give in." Her determination is typical of the people who risk their lives to cross the Gulf of Aden, be they Somalis fleeing violence in the south and centre of the country or Ethiopians in search of a better life.
But the High Commissioner was encouraged and left Obock convinced that more people would avoid taking to the high seas if they were better informed about the dangers and about the reality that awaited them in Yemen - no lucrative employment for most, but life in a refugee camp or poorly paid jobs in the cities or prostitution.
So far this year, 30,000 people have boarded smugglers' boats at Obock, a fifth of them women. Survivors have told of horrendous abuse during the crossing, including beatings and people being forced into the water far from the shore.
While in Djibouti, Guterres also visited the UNHCR-run Ali Addeh camp, home to some 14,000 mostly Somali refugees, many of whom have lived there since the beginning of the Somalia conflict in 1991. The government and UNHCR are struggling to deliver a new water source and to provide better access to health and education facilities.
"Here, at least, the people feel safe and their basic needs are provided for, but we are currently unable to fully address their concerns," Guterres said. "How terrible it is for people to live 20 years in the middle of the desert with no place to go."
He said the best possible solution was to return home. UNHCR is exploring the possible voluntary return of refugees in the more stable north. They would be given livestock or other means to help establish livelihoods back home.
There are those, however, for whom return is not an option. UNHCR has put forwards the names of 1,400 refugees who meet the criteria for resettlement in third countries. Not all will be accepted, though Guterres called on countries in the developed world to increase their resettlement quotas.
The High Commissioner discussed a third solution, local integration, during a meeting with Djibouti's President Ismail Omar Guelleh. But while thanking the president for Djibouti's great generosity towards refugees, he acknowledged that the country's capacity to absorb even small numbers of refugees was very limited.
Guterres also visited the relatively stable northern Somali regions of Puntland and Somaliland, where he was able to see first hand the tough living conditions for tens of thousands of internally displaced people (IDP) from the south and centre.
The IDP camps Guterres visited in the Puntland towns of Galkayo and Bossaso are dusty, congested and bleak. Housing consists of rough shelters made from rags and UNHCR plastic sheeting. Clean water, health care and sanitation are scarce and IDPs resort to garbage collection or begging to feed their children.
"We are witnessing terrible suffering. Inadequate shelter, appalling hygienic conditions - among the worst health indicators in the world," Guterres said. "This is a chronic, catastrophic humanitarian situation."
Halia Ali Mohamed, who fled Mogadishu with her seven children, lives in a small tent in the Buko Bacley settlement on the edge of Galkayo. "I am still traumatized. It is hard to get used to this place, this life," she told the UNHCR visitors.
During his meetings with local officials, Guterres proposed to provide better shelter, camp infrastructure planning, health care and livelihoods help. "We need to actively engage in human support for Somalis. We should pour our support and development assistance into those areas that have peace."
UNHCR and other organizations cannot work freely in the volatile south and centre, where many people remain in need of help. "Our ability to access people is limited by security risks. Our staff have to move everywhere with armed escorts," said Grace Mungwe, head of the UNHCR field office in Galkayo.
Some projects are making a difference. Housed within the UNHCR compound is a training centre for displaced girls, many of whom are victims of rape. Girls learn to read and write, then are taught tailoring. During the day they sew cloth sanitary kits, which are distributed in the camps. They earn US$70-US$80 a month.
Hawa Adan, who runs the centre, said rape was a growing problem, even inside the IDP settlements. "This practice is not ingrained in Somali society, but if communities, elders, the government don't put a stop to it, it becomes a culture," she said, adding: "Somalia never used to be like this."
* Name changed for protection reasons
By Melissa Fleming in Obock, Djibouti


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I love coconut curries. They are common on Thai menus and I adore their rich, creamy, and spicy flavors.
Thai flavors have become rather common in my kitchen in recent years. After I have my first bite of Pad Thai nearly ten years ago I became almost obsessed with trying new dishes and deconstructing them so I could make them at home. Some of the attempts have been successful. Other, not so much. So, when I was wondering how to flavor some short ribs I thought instantly of a coconut curry. It was the right call. The richness of the meat is enhanced by the earthy curry and creamy coconut milk, but the dish avoids being too rich because of the brightness from the lemongrass and lime juice. (I used lime juice because since February Kaffir lime leaves have vanished from the shops. I miss them and pray for their return! If you have them or can find them please, feel free to use them here.)
Making this in the slow cooker means this can be an everyday meal, not just a special occasion dinner. With my schedule having something that tastes this good but requires minimal effort is something to be treasured. You can prepare all the ingredients the night before and in the morning just dump it all into a slow cooker and go about your day. When you come home just make some rice and you are done! Trust me, after a long day and an even longer commute home this dish will bring a tear of joy to your eyes!
Coconut Curry Braised Short Ribs Serves 6
2 tablespoons vegetable oil
1 pound beef short ribs
Salt and pepper
1 tablespoon Thai red curry paste
1 cinnamon stick
3 whole cloves
3 black peppercorns
3 cardamom pods, lightly crushed
1 inch piece of ginger, peeled and sliced in 4 pieces
1/2 stalk lemongrass, bruised with the back of a knife
1/4 cup light soy sauce
1 – 10 ounce can coconut milk
1 cup water
3 cloves garlic, crushed with the side of a knife
1 cup sliced onion
1/4 cup fresh lime juice*
2 – 1 inch strips lime zest*
2 tablespoons brown sugar
* or 4 fresh Kaffir lime leaves
In a heavy skillet over high heat add the vegetable oil. Season the short ribs on all sides with salt and pepper. Brown the ribs on all sides in the hot skillet.
In the insert of your slow cooker combine the remaining ingredients. Add the seared short ribs and cook for 8 hours on low. Remove the shorts ribs and strain the braising liquid.
Serve the short ribs over rice with some of the sauce. If you are feeling bold add a little toasted coconut for a garnish.


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Applications to finding tangents and normals resources
Teach Yourself (1)
Tangents and normals
This unit explains how to calculate the equation of the tangent and the normal to a curve at a given point.
Video (1)
Tangents and Normals
This unit explains how differentiation can be used to calculate the equations of the tangent and normal to a curve.
The tangent is a straight line which just touches the curve at a given point. The normal is a straight line which is
perpendicular to the tangent. (Mathtutor Video Tutorial)
This resource is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution-Non-Commercial-No Derivative Works and the copyright is held by Skillbank Solutions Ltd.


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I'm Michel Martin and this is TELL ME MORE from NPR News. Coming up, you might dream of just one of your kids making it as a pro athlete. Well, Gordie Gronkowski is batting four for four with another in the wings. We'll hear from Gordie and two of his sons in just a few minutes. First, though, we want to talk about an issue that's been in the headlines in this country. The issue of gay rights was front and center at the Supreme Court term that just ended. Legal advances were celebrated by LGBT activists everywhere.
But just days later, a brutal attack on a lesbian couple in Chicago reminded the country that the challenge of acceptance still remains. And if that challenge remains in this country, activists elsewhere in the world say stories like those are all too common. So now we go to a place where activists say LGBT citizens face ongoing threats, not just to their dignity but to their lives. We're talking about Jamaica. For many people around the world, it stands for sun and fun, but for too many of its LGBT citizens, it can be a living hell. So says a new film that tries to describe the toll of living that way.
UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #1: A man was killed after a heated argument with men who labeled him as homosexual.
UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #2: The gruesome killing of 16-year-old Oshane Gordon, as well as the injuring of his mother.
UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #3: The bodies of two men who are believed to have been homosexuals were found in an open lot on Trafalgar Road.
UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #4: This is the second chopping incident in recent times in the parish.
MARTIN: The film is called "The Abominable Crime" and it follows the personal stories of several gay and lesbian people in Jamaica. It also chronicles the stories of activists who are challenging anti-gay laws and attitudes there. The filmmaker is Micah Fink. He's with us now. Also with us is Maurice Tomlinson. He is a gay rights activist and lawyer who was also featured in the documentary. Welcome to you both, and thank you both so much for speaking with us.
MICAH FINK: Hi, Michel, glad to be here.
MAURICE TOMLINSON: Thank you. Same here. I'm Maurice.
MARTIN: Micah, how did you get interested in this issue?
FINK: I originally was commissioned to do a series of short films by PBS in Jamaica about HIV and AIDS. Jamaica has one of the highest AIDS rates in the gay community in the world. And the question was, why was that happening? And as we dug into it, it became apparent that there were very intense social factors that were driving the epidemic. And one of the social factors is the rampant homophobia that has come, to some degree, to define current, contemporary Jamaican society.
MARTIN: Maurice, I just want to mention here, by trade, you're an intellectual property rights lawyer. How did you become a gay-rights activist?
TOMLINSON: I was, as you said, intellectual property lawyer, commercial lawyer in chambers, and I was pretty comfortable, but I had a desire to do some kind of social work.
MARTIN: Were you out at that point yourself?
TOMLINSON: No, no.
MARTIN: It's my understanding that you really had no intention of being out.
TOMLINSON: No, no, no, absolutely not. It was, I mean, commercially that would have been professional suicide for me to be out. So once I started doing that, I started being confronted with these abuses, which I had no idea were happening, because I lived in a bubble. I am from a privileged class and background. I am a lawyer, a university lecturer. I, you know, drive wherever I need to go. I live in a upscale community. So I wasn't really exposed to the virulent homophobia. I mean, as Micah said, you read reports, but it really didn't touch on, concern my life. But once I started talking to people about their rights as LGBT, it started forcing me to confront some issues that I wasn't very willing to do before.
And then I started, in response, writing to the newspapers, just interrogating, why are we so homophobic? Why are we doing these acts of violence to our LGBT brothers, sisters? And the backlash was, to me, astounding. I mean, people started calling for my death, saying that if we decriminalize private consensual acts of intimacy between men, it's going to lead to Sodom and Gomorrah or earthquakes on the magnitude of what happened in Haiti. What was most, I mean, unnerving for me, that these statements were coming from people who I thought were intelligent and educated and, you know, exposed.
MARTIN: Micah, you interviewed Ernest Smith. He's a former Jamaican parliamentarian who you ask for perspective about the laws which remain on the book. I mean, homosexuality remains a criminal act. You ask him about his perspective on this. Let me just play a short clip from what he said to say. And he's talking about a group, Jamaica Forum for Lesbians, All-Sexuals and Gays, or J-FLAG. Here it is.
ERNEST SMITH: J-FLAG seeks to tell the world that homosexuals in this country are being violently abused. My answer to that, straight, is no, N-O, no. Most homosexuals got killed by other homosexuals because of jealousy.
MARTIN: Is that a common point of view?
FINK: It is. I mean, the reason we kept that in the film is because I heard that from countless people, countless educated, mostly upper-class Jamaicans. They absolutely denied anything was going on. And then I would meet with members of the gay community, and literally, the room was overflowing with people who said they'd been attacked, stabbed, murdered, had friends who were chopped to pieces, had friends who were burned out of their houses. There's a profound disconnect in how people are thinking about this issue in Jamaica. And I found that, as a journalist, just fascinating.
MARTIN: One of the people you highlight in the documentary is a woman named Simone. And at the time of the documentary, she had been shot by some neighborhood men. She and her brother both were attacked. They're both gay. And she tried to get a visa to the U.S. to leave. And she said in the film that she feels like the walking dead. Maurice, maybe I should go to you on this, 'cause I'm fascinated by this.
On the one hand, here's a woman who was shot down the street from her own house by people who actually - she knew who they were. One person was arrested at one point, but the other person was let go. So how is it possible that people can have that level of violence and it still be under the radar, to even somebody like yourself who wasn't really aware of it until it was directed at you?
TOMLINSON: Well, you have to put it in context. In Jamaica, the level of violence is so high that, as one ministry official told me, why are we making such a big deal about attacks against gays? In Jamaica, we kill straight people, too. The reality is our murder rate is equivalent to some countries with civil wars. So the few quote, unquote gays that are killed really are easily ignored.
MARTIN: Simone made some really tough choices that you, in the course of the film - do you want to talk little bit about that?
FINK: Sure. Well, Simone, when I met her, was recovering from having been shot. As she says, the gunmen, as they stood over her, you know, said that the lesbian fi dead, which means the lesbian must die, as they shot her. When I first met her, she had a beautiful 7-year-old daughter, Kayla, who she was a single parent taking care of.
And as she recovered from her gunshot wounds, came out of the hospital, she realized that the men who had shot her had heard that she had survived and were actually out hunting for her. So her and Kayla went into hiding over the next few months. When I would return, I'd meet with them in their safe house. And she would just express the anxiety she had that if anybody recognized her, they would simply kill her.
MARTIN: If you're just joining us, we're talking about a new documentary that takes a look at homophobia and violence directed at the LGBT community in Jamaica. We're talking about this with filmmaker Micah Fink and gay rights activist Maurice Tomlinson, who's also featured in the film. Micah, you have to assume that part of her concern was that her daughter could be harmed, as well. If somebody would shoot her in the street that way, that maybe the concern for her daughter's safety wouldn't be paramount.
So, you know, to that end, Maurice, you made a difficult decision to leave at some point. You are married to a man in the states, but you've gone back and forth to Jamaica. But at points, you have been concerned about the safety of your family members, correct? So tell me how you navigate that?
TOMLINSON: Well, I have had to make a tough decision not to return to my home in Montego Bay, where my parents still live, because I'm too well-known, and it's such a small community. And it's just not safe. On one occasion, when I returned after my marriage was made public, I was at a stoplight, and some guy saw me in the car and started calling a crowd. And there is the batty man, and that's the Jamaican term, the derogatory term for homosexual. And he started calling a crowd, and, thankfully, the light changed and we drove off.
The challenge in Jamaica is that you never know what's going to be the trigger to an attack. You know, you'd think it's because of how you dress or your notoriety. One never really knows. So as a result, when I do return, it's generally just to do the work I'm required to do. And I'm holed up in one particular location. And that has sucked the life and the joy out of returning to Jamaica.
MARTIN: Well, why is it worth it to you?
TOMLINSON: If every single LGBT left Jamaica, then the situation would not change. And so I have to be there to show the face of a professional LGBT willing to fight for his liberation. Otherwise, nothing will change.
MARTIN: Can I just ask you, Maurice, how do you feel the media, the local media, covers these issues? 'Cause clearly people know about these things, because the stories are covered. But how is it covered?
TOMLINSON: That is a show in and of itself, as Micah will tell you. We have two major newspapers and two major television stations. And it's Fox News versus MSNBC, you know, one very tolerant, trying to be very balanced, and the other just way out there, wacko, gays are an abomination and we are, you know, going to lead to Sodom and Gomorrah, the whole nine yards.
FINK: Michel, it may help you, just to set your barometer here, when I first went to Jamaica, I interviewed the Reverend Harold Blair. And Harold Blair is the ombudsman for Jamaica. He's the peacemaker. He's the one who brings together fighting political parties. And, you know, this is the most liberal voice. And what he said is he had recently taken a courageous stand and came out and said that gay people should not be killed by violent mobs. That was the radical progressive voice in Jamaica.
TOMLINSON: But he then also said that he dislikes homosexuality and, you know, he would prefer his son to be a thief rather than be a homosexual...
FINK: ...Yes, and he said that gays may ultimately lead to the destruction of life on earth, but still, publicly speaking, he is one of the most liberal voices in Jamaica and the national peacemaker.
MARTIN: Maurice, you make the point in the film, I believe, that you attribute these attitude to...
TOMLINSON: ...The church.
MARTIN: ...The evangelical - no, no, that's, specifically the evangelical, because there's a strong Anglican tradition in Jamaica, right?
TOMLINSON: Right.
MARTIN: But you attribute this to the influence of white American evangelicals.
TOMLINSON: Oh, yes.
MARTIN: But the white, you know, American evangelicals in this country don't advocate people going around shooting people and killing people and harming people. That is not a part of our, you know what I mean, that's not a part of our - so what I don't understand is why do you think it's taken on - 'cause you do make the point that there was not this level of, kind of, vitriol and public harassment even 20 years ago.
TOMLINSON: Right.
MARTIN: So the question I would have is why now?
TOMLINSON: Right, and the reality is that we are now seeing the fruits of both your culture war being exported to us and also the fruits of 20 years or 30 years of indoctrination, homophobic indoctrination, by evangelical pastors from America. And there's evidence of that. The Jimmy Swaggarts, etc., their description of gays as abominations, as disease vectors, etc., it was incessant. The result was that the Jamaican pastors saw the success of people like Jimmy Swaggart and they started parroting that sort of rhetoric.
The majority of our musicians grew up in church. I mean, in Jamaica, you didn't have a choice, you had to go to church. And you sit there every Sunday and hearing this kind of stuff, and these guys then produced music. I mean, we have 200 songs which are calling for murder and, you know, abuse of gays. They produce these songs.
And when we interrogated why are you saying these things, why are you singing these songs? You're not in the vein of Bob Marley who was all about one love. And they'll you, no, the Bible says that homosexuality's an abomination, and, you know, that's the end of the discussion. And we now have a situation where that anti-gay animus, which was exported to us by the evangelicals, is now taking root in Jamaica. We now are producing our own version, which is much more virulent. And we are re-exporting it to the rest of the Caribbean.
MARTIN: How is Simone doing, by the way? How is she doing?
FINK: Simone and Kayla are doing great. They've really firmly rooted themselves in Holland, where they've sought asylum. And Kayla's excelling in school and Simone is training herself to be a nurse.
MARTIN: Wow, that was an amazing story.
TOMLINSON: Yes, it touched a lot of people at the screening. People were very moved by it, by Kayla's story.
MARTIN: Maurice, how old is your son?
TOMLINSON: My son is 12.
MARTIN: Twelve, and is he with you?
TOMLINSON: No, he lives with his mother in Belize, a country I cannot...
MARTIN: ...In Belize, oh.
TOMLINSON: Yes.
MARTIN: Well, how does your former wife feel about your coming out? Is she OK with it, or is she mad at you?
TOMLINSON: Well, the thing is, she knew about my homosexuality for 10 years before we got married. I mean, she was my quote, unquote fag hag for 10 years. I mean, she knew all my boyfriends, etc. But then my - when my last gay relationship failed and her straight relationship failed, we thought, well, you know, let's try the marriage thing.
It might cure me and will help her. And of course, when that didn't work, it was an acrimonious divorce. But we maintain our civility because of our son. And as I saying, that she now lives with him in Belize, and because of the law in Belize, which bans the entry of homosexuals, I am trying to sue that country to get access to see him.
MARTIN: Maurice Tomlinson is a lawyer and human rights activist who divides his time between Jamaica and the U.S. He joined us from member station WXXI in Rochester, New York. Micah Fink is a filmmaker and producer of the documentary "The Abominable Crime," in which Maurice Tomlinson is featured. The film is currently on the film festival circuit now. He joined us from member station WBGO in Newark, New Jersey. Thank you both so much for speaking with us.
FINK: Thank you, Michel.
TOMLINSON: Thanks, Michel. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


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MOUNT_KERNFS(8) NetBSD System Manager's Manual MOUNT_KERNFS(8)Powered by man-cgi (2024-03-20). Maintained for NetBSD by Kimmo Suominen. Based on man-cgi by Panagiotis Christias.
mount_kernfs -- mount the /kern file system
mount_kernfs [-o options] /kern mount_point
The mount_kernfs command attaches an instance of the kernel parameter namespace to the global filesystem namespace. The conventional mount point is /kern. The directory specified by mount_point is converted to an absolute path before use. This command is normally executed by mount(8) at boot time. The filesystem includes several regular files which can be read, some of which can also be written. The contents of the files is in a machine- independent format, either a string, or an integer in decimal ASCII. Where numbers are returned, a trailing newline character is also added. The options are as follows: -o Options are specified with a -o flag followed by a comma sepa- rated string of options. See the mount(8) man page for possible options and their meanings.
boottime the time at which the system was last booted (decimal ASCII). copyright kernel copyright message. hostname the hostname, with a trailing newline. The hostname can be changed by writing to this file. A trailing newline will be stripped from the hostname being written. hz the frequency of the system clock (decimal ASCII). loadavg the 1, 5 and 15 minute load average in kernel fixed-point for- mat. The final integer is the fix-point scaling factor. All numbers are in decimal ASCII. msgbuf the kernel message buffer, also read by syslogd(8), through the log device, and by dmesg(8). pagesize the machine pagesize (decimal ASCII). physmem the number of pages of physical memory in the machine (decimal ASCII). rootdev the root device. rrootdev the raw root device. time the second and microsecond value of the system clock. Both numbers are in decimal ASCII. version the kernel version string. The head line for /etc/motd can be generated by running: ``sed 1q /kern/version''
mount(2), unmount(2), fstab(5), dmesg(8), mount(8), setkey(8), syslogd(8)
The mount_kernfs utility first appeared in 4.4BSD.
This filesystem may not be NFS-exported. NetBSD 9.0 March 22, 2012 NetBSD 9.0


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In the morning's mad rush to the grocery, the bakery cakes looked waxy and expensive. I opted for a $2 Pepperidge Farm cake, but I didn't realize it would be so flat.
Guests were on the way. I had less than an hour to prepare lunch, set the table, and personalize this brown square. I prayed for inspiration!
Place your Pepperidge Farm cake on a large platter.
Decorate it on the diagonal. I don't know why, but it looks better that way.
My original plan was to copy her great-grandmother's embroidered "E"--in pale blue icing on a white-frosted cake.
No time for that! I used a craft knife to freehand a stencil on scrap paper.
I dusted the stencil with confectioner's sugar through a fine mesh strainer. Cover areas you don't wish to whiten.
In the grocery parking lot, I noticed a lawn crew weed-wacking the roadside. I raced to rescue a few. (I keep scissors in my glove compartment at all times!)
In two minutes, I had a handful of Queen Anne's Lace, thistle, and a feathery white wildflower. Thistle does not prick if you hold the smooth section just under its head.
The clock was ticking. I wiped my brow with a kitchen towel and fashioned four wildflower posies for the platter.
Elise's Pepperidge Farm birthday cake almost looked pretty enough to fool our guests.
All that mattered: the Pepperidge Farm cake had enough chocolate icing for the requisite first cake-smearing photo!In a similar emergency, you can use fresh strawberries or grapes for decorating a Pepperidge Farm cake, or dust it with chopped nuts and caramel drizzles.
Now it's your turn to 'fess up. Have you ever disguised or decorated a storebought cake for guests? Any tips?


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Diageo, Norwalk, Conn., introduces two new flavored vodkas — Smirnoff Iced Cake and Smirnoff Kissed Caramel — giving adult consumers a reason to raise their glasses and celebrate. These two flavors join Smirnoff Fluffed Marshmallow and Smirnoff Whipped Cream in the brand's increasingly popular line of confectionery flavored vodkas.
"As pioneers in the world of cocktail culture, we're always experimenting with new tastes and trends to expand our portfolio and give consumers delicious, high-quality flavored vodka options suitable for all responsible drinking occasions," says Dan Kleinman, brand director.
Formerly reserved exclusively for the characters of VH1's television show Single Ladies, the new flavored vodkas are now available for consumers of legal drinking age at liquor and grocery stores nationwide for a suggested retail price of $12.99 for a 750-milliliter bottle.


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About Dahlia Flowers
One of the most popular and beloved summer flowers, dahlias are known for their large, colorful, ornate blooms. The dahlia plant is a genus of the Asteraceae family, which also includes flowers such as sunflowers, mums, and zinnias. Dahlias are native to Central America and Mexico and were initially grown as a food source for their edible tubers. A perennial plant, dahlias bloom from mid-summer through fall and do best in regions with a moist, moderate climate.
Popular Dahlia Varieties
Characteristics of Dahlias
Dahlias have composite flower heads with a central disc and surrounding florets. They come in a vast array of brilliant colors and a wide variety of shapes and textures with single flowering and double flowering groups.There are 14 classification orders based on bloom type and over 20,000 dahlia varieties, with blossoms ranging from two inches to 10+ inches in diameter.
From simple bloom types with rounded flat petals to pom-pom blooms with tightly rolled petals, the eclectic textures and exotic beauty of dahlias are a sight to behold. A stunning cut flower, dahlias have a vase life of 4-7 days.
The dahlia's beauty, size, and vibrant color make it one of the most sought-after ornamental blooms amongst brides, florists, gardeners, and flower lovers.
Fascinating Facts About the Dahlia
- Aztecs used the dahlia plant for treating epilepsy.
- A substance derived from the tubers of dahlias was used as a treatment for diabetes before insulin came about.
- The Dahlia is the national flower of Mexico.
- The dahlia is the official flower of Seattle and San Francisco.
- Aztecs ate dahlia tubers as a food source.
- Dahlia flower petals and the tuber are edible and can be eaten raw or cooked.
- Dahlias were initially classified as a vegetable.
- Though edible by humans, dahlias are toxic to small animals
- Dahlias are the recognized flower for a couple's 14th anniversary.
- There are no true blue or black dahlias; the so-called "black" dahlia is actually a dark burgundy.
Dahlia Symbolism
Dahlias symbolize elegance, creativity, positivity, and growth. It also represents inner strength, likely due to the plant's ability to tolerate harsh conditions. Other general meanings associated with the dahlia is gracefulness, standing out in a crowd, and embracing positive changes. During the Victorian age, dahlias symbolized a strong bond and everlasting love between two people. Dahlias have different symbolism based on their color, too, such as:
Dahlia Occasions
Emanating positive energy and symbolizing "everlasting love," a dahlia bouquet is a beautiful and meaningful gift to give to your special person. Perfect for anniversaries, birthdays, or "just because," the striking beauty and vibrant color of dahlias are sure to make a lasting impression!


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The debate on authenticity is over
Hand D belongs to one of six different individuals, five authors and one scribe, who contributed to the manuscript of Sir Thomas More, now in the British Library. Today, aside from anti-Stratfordians, few scholars do not accept Hand D as genuinely Shakespeare's. The different strands of proof, forensic, orthographic and documentary, when taken together, are conclusive. In this extended article we pull together these strands and review the reasons why residual doubt has evaporated.
And why the argument that we have nothing in Will's hand is DEAD.
The new paradigm—collaborative authorship
Every Oxfordian's most cherished fantasy is the arrival of a new paradigm for Shakespeare Studies. They each have a clear vision of it. Some have deluded themselves into believing it has already arrived and blather about 'Post-Stratfordian' analysis as if a great battle had been won. In the Oxfordian New Paradigm, Authorship Studies assume pre-eminence in the modern Shakespearean English Faculty. Orthodox scholars are deposed as the newly-enlightened Faculties are commandeered by Oxfordian heroes of the victorious resistance movement, triumphantly leading students into a brave new world of truth and enlightenment. All is finally right in the world. The 17th Earl of Oxford ascends to his true place on the Olympian throne while Will is cast back onto a Stratford dungheap.
There is indeed a new paradigm. It does indeed bring authorship studies closer to the forefront of scholarship activity.
Tragically, the justice of Olympian Gods and Goddesses is inexorable and merciless. In the new paradigm of Authorship Studies—the real one, not the comic book Oxfordian fantasy—computer-aided scrutiny, multiple authorship, collaborative production and detailed attribution of fragmentary contributions have now combined to reveal more extensive collaboration between Will and his colleagues than previously thought. Although authorship questions are now highlighted exactly as Oxfordians have always dreamed (well, maybe not exactly ), the new, more sophisticated methods of discrimination are a disaster for the tribe.
The Earl's hand is detectable nowhere. His poetic DNA is entirely missing from the new model of the Elizabethan dramatic genome. He just disappears from view—completely. Will's literary DNA, however, turns up in lots of new and surprising places, places Oxford could never have been.
The evidence of Will's handiwork in the unperformed Sir Thomas More excitingly includes a three page manuscript in his own handwriting. As so much of their argument is based on the fact that Will left nothing behind, this upsets the entire Oxfordian apple cart. If the six extant signatures belong to the man from Startford and the handwriting in the signatures matches Hand D, there is no escaping the conclusion that the man from Stratford wrote the the additions. This means that Oxfordians need to find not only another Shakespeare to write the plays, but another Shakespeare from Stratford-upon-Avon. And if the author of Hand D is the same man who wrote the canon, then it truly is game over.
Attempts to disqualify Will on his handwriting, which often culminate in the ludicrous idea that he was illiterate, can now be seen for what they are—the naked invention of irrational minds—the evidence hunting of an evidence-less malignity.
Can it be true?
Yes, indeed it can. And it is.
Will and Sir Thomas More
Highly political, much too topical for Elizabethans and therefore never performed, the play Sir Thomas More survives in manuscript in The British Library-MS. Harley 7368. Discovered in 1723, it was thought by many to be too good to be true or dismissed as one of many forgeries which appeared in the 18C. The first serious assessment, Shakespeare's Hand in the Play of Sir Thomas, was prepared by A W Pollard in 1923, published as a group of essays by a variety of experts including Sir Edward Maunde Thompson, one of the greatest palaeographers of the 20C. It met with initial scepticism from L L Shucking and S A Tannebaum but more recent scholarship is now almost universally on the side of authentication which is where the pendulum has come to rest.
It is obvious from a mere glance at the manuscript that it is a theatre script, written for the professional stage and for trained actors. But the manuscript is more than just an unperformed play. It is written in the hands of five playwrights who make deletions and emendations plus one scribal hand attempting a fair copy. Finally, it includes a seventh hand, the annotations of The Master of the Revels, Sir Edmund Tilney. It illustrates how plays were worked and reworked for the stage in Shakespeare's time. It suggests a creative process similar to the modern process of TV or movie scriptwriting, with groups of writers improving, patching, and rewriting a script too raw for performance but too good to throw away (as W S Gilbert said, "Good ideas are not ten a penny"). If the manuscript of Sir Thomas More is typical, content creation for the theatre in the 1590's may have had more in common with play writing 400 years later than it did with play writing in the 1570's, just 20 years earlier.
Shakespeare's creativity is driven by market forces, not the exigencies of patronage, courtly display and political ambition. You could say, if you were being loose with scientific terminology, it was a real paradigm shift.
Liverpool playwright Willy Russell says 'a script is just an ambition", theatre is made in theatres, a process that involves presence in a physical location, requiring all the modern panoply of producers, investors and directors to organise and fund rehearsal, working with the actors, prop men and stage managers. Crucially, through this manuscript, the writing shows itself to be an iterative process involving other writers—and re-writers. This can only be described as fatal to Oxfordian argument, since the there is no chance an Earl, hidden to the historical record, could work remotely or hide pseudonymously behind a complex cover story in such a working environment.
The Sir Thomas More manuscript contains the work of a master playwright: Hand D writes quickly and smoothly in a beautifully integrated series of complex images, bending the language to its full expressive potential. It's Will Shakespeare. What else would you expect?
The evidence in more detail
The handwriting
Six signatures are all that remain. What can really be told from the signatures Will left behind? Since they are from the same hand, can they be tied to Hand D? Sir Edward Maunde Thompson, one of the 20th century's foremost palaeographers, while having no doubts himself, managed to communicate doubt to others and this scepticism has lingered long. Recent scholarship has overcome hesitation, however. It has now accepted the evidence of handwriting analysts and moved on.
"In my examination of the hands of many writers I found twelve who linked h and a with those faddish bulbous spurs, but I found no writer who even once produced that link with the sharp point closing the circle and forming an a with a long, flat bottom. I have seen such an h-a link only in Shakespeare's signature to the Belott-Mountjoy deposition (5 A) and in Hand D."
Read more
The stylometric
Elliot and Valenza's Shakespeare Clinic fell short of attributing Hand D to Will. 'If it's Will,' they conclude, 'he didn't write it in 1593'. Does this rule Hand D out or could the chronology accommodate E&V's comments? Professor MacDonald P Jackson has been certain about Hand D since the early 60's and believes that Eliot & Valenza's doubts may be overcome and that the sources of some of discrepancies may lie in the difference between analysing manuscript and published work.
"Of course there are many texts that cannot be searched by means of "Literature Online," but its coverage of early modern drama is virtually complete, and all five exceptional Hand D spellings appear in early printed texts of Shakespeare's, whereas only one makes so much as a single appearance in all the rest of "Literature Online: English Drama."
Read more
The internal
Will's style features a poetic verbal dexterity that is unequalled amongst his playwright peers. Are there any signs of it in the text of Hand D? Can scholars identify characteristics elements of Will's writing without resorting to computers and microscopes. Yes, we think they can.
"This is a play about human rights and even worse for the Oxfordian sect of Shakespeare Deniers, it's about who has them. Does everyone have them? Do the pitiful immigrants from religious wars abroad have them? 'Myne is made to serve me', is Oxford's creed, 'the rich man in his castle, the poor man at his gate'. On which side of the argument about penniless refugees would De Vere come down? There is certainly no evidence of any liberality in The Earl's actions. Collectors of biographical similarity are going to be stumped to find anything similar in his life or work."
Read more
The documentary
Who are the other writers whose hand appears in the manuscript and who wrote what?
Examples of the hands of three other Elizabethan writers and why the pages of the manuscript were written by an author, rather than a scribe.
"Once it goes into production, unlike poetry or prose, there begins a whole process of adaption, division, disassembly and rebuilding all of which greatly reduces the chance of the original surviving even, until the first night. Scripts are an ambition, said Willy Russell.
Plays are productions. They have dialogue, actors, musicians, lighting experts, stage hands, costume designers, directors and prompters, all of whom not only need copies but are more than capable of making significant inputs of their own."
Read more
Factors isolating Hand D as Will's workThere are dozens of idiosyncrasies tying Will to the three pages of Hand D, a cornucopia of convincing evidence beyond any Oxfordian dream or even claim. The items in this table are just the highlights. Each category of identifying evidence is conclusive enough for attribution purposes, but taken together they are no less than definitive proof. |
Trademark Stagecraft and Imagery |
Trademark Orthography |
Trademark Handwriting Features |
Further reading on Will's contribution to Sir Thomas More
>It's more than possible that Will drafted his own Will. That really would be one in the eye for all those claiming it to be faked, wouldn't it?
Yet the idea has substance. It wasn't drafted by his solicitor or his regular clerks and when you cut and paste lines from his will into the Hand D pages it is absurdly difficult to fish them out again purely on the basis of calligraphy. A S Haley has carried out this experiment and believes that Will's will will drive a final nail into the Oxfordian claim that he left nothing behind. Read Haley's argument here.
Elizabethan handwriting samples can be found all over the Internet. A small collection has been assembled in the slideshow window to the right. Whilst detailed examination of signatures is a matter for microscopes and specialists, straightforward examination of whole pages of handwriting allow anyone to attempt the task of distinguishing one author from another. We can all recognise familiar handwriting when we see it on envelopes. Looking at authors, if confidence can be placed in the provenance of samples, it's not too hard to spot that one hand differs from another. Forensic examination, however, is science. Fortunately, Will's hand passes all its examinations.
Cambridge University has an extensive online resource covering English Handwriting 1500:1700 with a library of examples.There are a number of articles which preceded Maunde Thompson's book but this is the first in-depth palaeographic study.
Sir Edward has his own Wikipedia page here.
Shakespeare's hand in the play of Sir Thomas More: A. W. Pollard and W. W. Greg and E. M. Thompson and J. D. Wilson and R. W. Chambers.
<Shakespeare Survey, Volume 42, is edited by Stanley Wells, published by Cambridge University Press, has Giles E Dawson's article on Shakespeare's Handwriting and interesting article on Sir Thomas More by E A J Honigmann.
Elizabethan handwriting, 1500-1650: a manual G. E. Dawson and L. Yeandle
was a British literary scholar, author, and academic; throughout his career he was associated with University College London (UCL). He has a fighting claim to being the eminence grise behind Tolkien 's love of earth legend and Professor Jackson reckons that his 1939 article on Hand D contains all any reasonable person might require as proof.
Man's Unconquerable Mind: Studies of English Writers, from Bede to A. E. Housman and W. P. Ker: Jonathan Cape 1939
Studies in attribution, Middleton and Shakespeare: M. P. Jackson
David, along with Terry Ross, is responsible for The Shakespeare Authorship site and, alongside Tom Reedy of this parish, the pair did most of the heavy lifting for the Stratfordian side in the Shakespeare Wars of the 1990's. His pages cover many of the same issues we have addressed on Oxfraud, often in much more detail (but with fewer endearing frilly bits).
Early Modern Literary Studies (ISSN 1201-2459) is a refereed journal serving as a formal arena for scholarly discussion and as an academic resource for researchers in the area. It's a great place for research and may cost you a whole morning on your first visit.
Sir Ian McKellen does a bit. The last half of the speech in which Sir Thomas More quells the crowd. And possibly the best evidence here. Off the page and in the mouth of a great actor, you know instictively that your listening not just to Will, but to Will at the top of his game. Link
The text of the play in a modern spelling edition with Hand D's contributions in red.


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Oct 27, 2012
DARPA Robotics Challenge
Via KurzweilAI
DARPA has announced the start of the next DARPA Robotics Challenge. This time, the goal is to develop ground robots that perform complex tasks in "dangerous, degraded human-engineered environments". That means robots that perform humanitarian, disaster relief operations. The robots must use standard human hand tools and vehicles to navigate a debris field, open doors, climb ladders, and break through a concrete wall. Most but not all of the robots will be humanoid in design.
The challenge is divided into two parts with a Virtual Robotics Challenge scheduled for 10 - 24 June, 2013 to test simulated robots and the actual DARPA Robotics Challenge scheduled for 21 December, 2013. DARPA has adopted the free software Gazebo simulator, which supports ROS. There are two competition "tracks" - competitors in Track A will develop their own humanoid robot and control software, while competitors in Track B will develop control software that runs on a DARPA-supplied Atlas robot built by Boston Dynamics. Already University teams are making announcements of participation. Read on for more info about some of the teams, as well as some awesome photos and videos of the robots in action.
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The Physics arXiv blog has praised a paper called "On the weight of entanglement" and claimed that the author, David Edward Bruschi, found a new link between quantum mechanics and general relativity. Unfortunately, the paper is mostly wrong, and that what isn't wrong isn't new.
It is well known that quantum particles too must have gravitational fields and that measuring these gravitational fields would in principle tell us something about the quantization of gravity. Whenever you have a state in a superposition of two position states, its gravitational field too should be in a superposition. However, the gravitational field of all particles, elementary or composite, that display quantum properties is way too small to be measured. Even if you take the heaviest things that have yet been brought in superpositions of location you are still about 30 orders of magnitude off. I have done these estimates dozens of times.The only way you can find larger effects is if you exploit secondary consequences of models that are not just perturbatively quantized gravity. For example the Schrödinger-Newton equation that assumes that the gravitational field remains classical even though particles are quantized can have odd side effects like preventing particle dispersion, or reducing the Heisenberg uncertainty. These effects can be somewhat larger, but they are still much too small to be measurable. The problem is always the same: gravity is weak, really weak. Nobody has ever measured the gravitational field of an atom. We measure gravitational fields of large things: balls, mountains, planets.
In the new paper, the author argues that entanglement "has weight." By this he seems to mean that the full entangled state couples to gravity. It would be more surprising if that wasn't so, but the treatment in the paper is problematic for several reasons.
The biggest problem is that the author in the paper uses semi-classical gravity. That means he couples the expectation value of the stress-energy to the space-time background, not the operator, which you would do were you using perturbatively quantized gravity. It is remarkable that he doesn't discuss this at all. He doesn't mention any problems with this approach (discussed here), neither does he mention tests of the Schrödinger-Newton equation (discussed here). This makes me think that he must be very new to the field.
Using the semi-classical limit in the case discussed in the paper is problematic because this semi-classical approach does not only break down when you have strong gravity. It also breaks down when you have a large quantum uncertainty in the distribution of the stress-energy. Here "large" means that the uncertainty is larger than the typical width of the distribution. This can be formally shown, but it is intuitively clear: In such cases the gravitational field also must have quantum properties. While these deviations from the semi-classical limit do exist at small energies, they are too weak to be measurable. That the semi-classical limit doesn't work in these cases has been discussed by Ford and others 30 years ago, see for example these lecture notes from 1997, page 34, and the therein mentioned reference of Ford's1982 paper.
By using semi-classical gravity and then looking at the non-relativistic case, the new paper basically reinvents the Schrödinger-Newton limit. To make this really clear: the Schrödinger-Newton limit in this case is widely believed to be wrong for good reasons. Using it is a non-standard assumption about perturbatively quantized gravity. The author doesn't seem to be aware of this.
He then points out that the interference terms of the state makes a contribution to the distribution of stress-energy, which is correct. This has previous been done for superposition states. I am not aware that it has previously also been done for entangled states, but since it isn't measureable for superpositions, it seems rather pointless to look at states that are even more difficult to create.
He then argues that measuring this term would tell you something about how quantum states couple to gravity. This is also correct. He goes on to find that this is more than 30 orders of magnitude too small to be measurable. I didn't check the numbers but this sounds plausible. He then states that "one could hope to increase the above result" by certain techniques and that "this could in principle make the effect measurable". This is either wrong or nonsense, depending on how you look at it. The effect is "in principle" measurable, yes. Quantum gravity is "in principle measurable", we know this. The problem is that all presently known effect aren't measurable in practice, including the effect mentioned in the paper, as I am sure the author will figure out at some point. I am very willing to be surprised of course.
As a side remark, for all I can tell the state that he uses isn't actually an entangled state. It is formally written as an entangled state (in Eq (4)), but the states labeled |01>; and |10> are single particle states, see Eq(5). This doesn't look like an entangled state but like a superposition of two plane waves with a phase-difference. Maybe this is a typo or I'm misreading this definition. Be that as it may, it doesn't make much of a difference for the main problem of the paper, which is using the semi-classical limit. (Update: It's probably a case of details gotten lost in notation, see note added below.)
The author, David Edward Bruschi, seems to be a fairly young postdoc. He probably doesn't have much experience in the field so the lack of knowledge is forgivable. He lists in the acknowledgements Jacob Bekenstein, who also has formerly tried his hands on quantum gravity phenomenology and failed, though he got published with it. I am surprised to find Bei-Lok Hu in the acknowledgements because he's a bright guy and should have known better. On the other hand, I have certainly found myself in acknowledgements of papers that I hadn't even seen, and on some instances had to insist being removed from the acknowledgement list, so that might not mean much.
Don't get me wrong, the paper isn't actually bad. This would have been a very interesting paper 30 years ago. But we're not living in the 1980s. Unfortunately the author doesn't seem to be familiar with the literature. And the person who has written the post hyping this paper doesn't seem to know what they were talking about either.
In summary: Nothing new to see here, please move on.
[Note added: It was suggested to me that the state |0> defined in the paper above Eq(5) was probably meant to be a product state already, so actually a |0>|0>. The creation operators in Eq(5) then act on the first or second zero respectively. Then the rest would make sense. I'm not very familiar with the quantum information literature, so I find this a very confusing notation. As I said above though, this isn't the relevant point I was picking at.]


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CINCINNATI – Novak Djokovic pulled out of next week's hard-court tournament in Cincinnati on Friday because he has not gotten any COVID-19 vaccine shots and so is not allowed to travel to the United States.
That is also why Djokovic is not expected to be able to enter the U.S. Open, the year's last Grand Slam tournament, which begins in New York on Aug. 29.
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Djokovic is a 35-year-old from Serbia who owns 21 major championships, one behind Rafael Nadal for the men's record. Djokovic has said he won't get vaccinated against the illness caused by the coronavirus, even if that prevents him from playing in certain tournaments. He missed the Australian Open in January after being deported from that country and needed to sit out two events in the United States earlier this year, along with a tournament in Montreal this week.
Unvaccinated foreign citizens can't go to Canada or the U.S. currently; the Cincinnati tournament's news release announcing Djokovic's withdrawal cited "travel restrictions."
Djokovic has said he was stil holding out hope of being able to enter the U.S. Open, but that would require a change of government policy, which the U.S. Tennis Association says it will adhere to.
Djokovic is a three-time champion at the U.S. Open and was the runner-up last year to Daniil Medvedev.
Other men who have withdrawn from the field in Cincinnati include defending champion Alexander Zverev — the 2020 U.S. Open runner-up tore ankle ligaments at the French Open in June — and injured players Gael Monfils, Reilly Opelka, Oscar Otte and Dominic Thiem. Australian Open finalist Danielle Collins pulled out of the women's draw because of a neck injury, while three-time major champion Angelique Kerber made a scheduling change and opted not to compete in Cincinnati.
Serena Williams is entered in the field for what is expected to be one of her last appearances on tour.
More AP tennis: https://apnews.com/hub/tennis and https://twitter.com/AP_Sports


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Updated December 31, 2021 at 6:09 PM ET
Urban wildfires north of Denver that spread in what Gov. Jared Polis called "the blink of an eye" and destroyed at least 500 homes are largely contained.
That's according to local and state officials who spoke at a Friday morning briefing.
There are no reports of fatalities from the wind-whipped blazes that burned an estimated 6,000 acres in Boulder County.
"There are still areas burning inside the fire zone, around homes and shrubbery," said Boulder County Sheriff Joe Pelle, "but we're not expecting to see any growth in the fire."
Pelle said the snowfall that's begun in the area "will certainly help our efforts."
Polis flew over the affected areas Friday morning and described what he called fires that "hit close to home for so many of us."
"This wasn't a wildfire in the forest," he said. "It was a suburban and urban fire that was a disaster in fast motion [happening] in course of half a day."
Colorado Rep. Joe Neguse also toured the devastated area on Friday.
"There are entire subdivisions, entire neighborhoods that have tragically been wiped out," he told NPR's All Things Considered.
Many residents "lost everything, all their belongings, their home and had [no] more than a moment's notice essentially to flee their homes, some with only the clothes on their back because of the way that these flames metastasized because of hurricane winds that our community was experiencing yesterday," Neguse told NPR. "So just unprecedented devastation, and it's going to be a long road to recovery for our community."
Drought, high winds fed the fires
The speed and intensity of the blazes was caused by a mix of dry conditions due to months of drought and winds gusting to over 100 mph.
"Many families [had] minutes to get whatever they could, their pets, their kids into the car and leave," Polis said. "The last 24 hours have been devastating, [but] we might have our very own New Year's miracle on our hands if it holds up that there was no loss of life."
Pelle said "it's all a good guess right now" as to how many homes were destroyed.
"I would estimate it's going to be at least 500 homes," he said. "I would not be surprised if it's a thousand."
Tens of thousands of people were evacuated. Polis said temporary emergency shelters are housing "about 200 people," while many others sought refuge with friends or in other areas.
Pelle said he knows that residents want to return to their homes "as soon as possible to assess damage." But, he said, in many of those neighborhoods that are currently blocked off, it's still too dangerous to return.
"We saw still active fire in many places this morning, we saw downed powerlines. We saw a lot of risk that we're still trying to mitigate," he said.
As far as how the fires started, Pelle said, "we do know we had power lines down in the area of the origin of the fire. The origin of the fire hasn't been confirmed. It's suspected to be power lines, but we are investigating that today."
"We're investigating anything we find out there," he said.
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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Christian reformers generally claimed liberty for their own beliefs, only to deny freedom to others. But, with the Mennonites and Separatists, Baptists promoted true religious freedom. In 1614 they declared, "The magistrate is not by virtue of his office to meddle with religion, this or that form of religion, or doctrine; but to leave Christian religion free, to every man's conscience, and to handle only civil transgressions."
Humble Origins
Meanwhile a boy grew up in London, close by Smithfield plaza, where heretics were burned. That boy was Roger Williams, and his hobby was shorthand. He attended a court called the Star Chamber, recorded the speeches, and transcribed them for Sir Edward Coke. Impressed, Coke made Williams his secretary, and enrolled him in the Charter House school, from which he passed to Cambridge University.
In 1630 a certain Dr. Leighton became a Puritan, seeking to reform the Church of England. But the Church was not eager for reform. For his beliefs, Leighton was whipped and placed in the pillory. One of his ears was cut off, and one side of his nose split. Then he was branded on the face with the letters "SS" for "Sower of Sedition," and returned to prison. Later to balance things, he was returned to the pillory, the other side of his nose split and his other ear cut off. Then he was imprisoned for the rest of his life.
As witness to these events, Roger Williams concluded that England was not ripe for reform. Meanwhile, Puritans had started a colony on the far side of the ocean, at a place called Massachusetts. When the 28-year-old Williams was called to serve as pastor of the church in Salem, he was happy to go. On his way there, he was invited to preach in Boston, but got into immediate trouble. He thought people should be free to worship God as they chose, or chose not, without fear of punishment by their government. This made him a heretic. He also thought Indians should be paid for their land. This made him a threat to civilized society.
The Puritans of Boston warned the church in Salem, surprised they would employ such a radical. But Salem's leaders were tired of being dominated by Boston, and delighted to welcome Mr. Williams. The Bostonians didn't give up. In six months they had stirred up so much trouble that Williams left Salem for refuge with the Pilgrims at Plymouth. There he enjoyed two years of relative peace, serving as assistant pastor to Elder Smith. Meanwhile he did missionary work among the Indians, became well acquainted with Chief Massasoit, and arranged a friendly treaty with him.
Intolerance in Boston
In 1633 he was welcomed back to Salem. But the Bostonians believed they were "the divine church order established in the wilderness." Williams preached "there was never civil state in the world that ever did or ever shall make good work of it, with a civil sword in spiritual matters." The Bostonians labeled him "the first rebel against the divine church order."
King Darius had once signed a law for the Medes and Persians, not realizing it was aimed at Daniel. Now Boston authorities made a law aimed squarely at Williams: Everyone must swear an oath affirming "the right of magistrates to punish… and to rule in religion." Williams was convicted of holding "dangerous opinions," and was sentenced in these words:
"Mr. Roger Williams…hath broached and divulged diverse new and dangerous opinions against the authority of magistrates…and churches…and yet maintaineth the same without retraction: it is therefore ordered that the same Mr. Williams shall depart out of this jurisdiction within six weeks…not to return any more without license from the court.
But during his last six weeks Williams continued to preach religious liberty. Alarmed by free speech, Governor Haynes canceled Williams' period of grace. January 11, 1636 he ordered Captain Underhill, with the aid of fourteen soldiers, to kidnap Williams in the middle of the night, and ship him back to England, where he could trouble them no more.
Fortunately before his secret arrest, Williams received a secret tip. At midnight he bade good-bye to his wife and newborn child, and through a blowing snowstorm, vanished into the wilderness.
He later wrote, "I was unmercifully driven from my chamber to a winter's flight, exposed to the miseries, poverties, necessities, wants, debts, hardships of sea and land in a banished condition…I was sorely tossed for…fourteen weeks in a bitter winter season, not knowing what bread and bed did mean."
Providence, a religious refuge
Emerging from the forest at Narragansett Bay, he was sheltered by Massasoit and other friendly Indians. Hearing he was safe, other persecuted souls joined the Indians. Massasoit sold them land on the Mooshassuc River. Grateful to God, Williams named their new settlement "Providence." We still call it Providence, Rhode Island.
Williams learned well the language of his hosts, and compiled a Narragansett dictionary. Several times he served as peacemaker among the Indians; once he even protected Massachusetts Bay.
Later Governor Endicott invited Williams to return to Massachusetts, but Williams replied, "I feel safer down here among the Christian savages along Narragansett Bay than I do among the savage Christians of Massachusetts Bay Colony."
In fact, the leaders of Massachusetts still had no interest in religious liberty. In 1644 they declared, "It is ordered and agreed, that if any person or persons, within this jurisdiction, shall either openly condemn or oppose the baptizing of infants, or seduce others, or leave the congregation during the administration of this rite, they shall be sentenced to banishment."
This meant that Baptists had to leave Massachusetts, but they found welcome refuge in Rhode Island. Thus came Stephen and Anne Mumford in 1664. The Mumfords worshiped with other Baptists on Sunday, but they also kept holy the seventh day Sabbath. The next year came Tacy and Samuel Hubbard, who joined the Mumfords for Sabbath worship in their home. Their numbers increased, and in 1671 they organized the first Sabbath-keeping church in North America.
Roger Williams served as the first pastor of the first Baptist church of Providence. Williams did not keep the Sabbath, but he honored and protected those who did. A British major named Mason heard that the Rhode Island colony no longer kept "the Sabbath," meaning Sunday. Williams assured Mason that Sunday was still observed, but added, "You know yourselves do not keep the Sabbath, that is the 7th day." As long as he lived, there was never a Sunday law in Rhode Island; in fact one Seventh Day Baptist eventually became governor of the colony.
Debating Puritans on forced contributions for ministers: Williams was asked, "Is not the laborer worthy of his hire?" He answered, "Yes, from them that hire him, from the church."
Religious Liberty for All
Williams taught that religious liberty is for everybody, including non-believers. He preached, "Persons may with less sin be forced to marry whom they cannot love, than to worship when they cannot believe."
Some Baptists eventually moved to Virginia, only to meet persecution there. Yet even in suffering they drew great minds to their issues. Among those who defended Virginia's Baptists were James Madison and Thomas Jefferson. The same Jefferson would later write the Declaration of Independence, and Madison would write the American Constitution.
In 1787 twelve states accepted the constitution; one did not. The one hold-out was the smallest and weakest of them all, Rhode Island; and the issue was religious liberty.
The Rhode Island delegation pled, "That religion, or the duty which we owe to our Creator, and the manner of discharging it, can be directed only by reason and conviction, and not by force or violence, and therefore all men have an equal, natural, and unalienable right to the free exercise of religion, according to the dictates of conscience, and that no particular religious sect or society ought to be favored, or established by law in preference to others."
For three years the national union remained incomplete and without a constitution. Then Thomas Jefferson spoke to the delegates in support of Rhode Island: "By the Constitution you have made, you have protected the government from the people, but what have you done to protect the people from the government?" President George Washington recommended a bill of rights, and James Madison guided it through Congress. Supported by Virginia, Rhode Island was finally heard, the Bill of Rights was adopted, the union was complete.
Roger Williams' influence lives on in the first words of the first amendment to the American Constitution: "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof…"
Read: Why Religion & Politics Don't Mix
Cross, F. L., & Livingstone, E. A., eds., The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, p. 1488, Oxford University Press, New York, 1990.
Froom, Le Roy, The Prophetic Faith of Our Fathers, vol. III pp. 46-55, Review and Herald, Washington, D.C., 1946.
Longacre, Charles, Roger Williams, Review and Herald, Washington, D.C., 1939.
Seventh Day Baptist sources from http://www.biblestudy.org.
The New Encyclopedia Britannica, 15th edition, vol. 3 p. 573, Chicago, 1991.
The New Encyclopedia Britannica, 15th edition, vol. 12 pp. 680, 681, Chicago, 1991.
The World Book Encyclopedia, vol. 21 pp. 260, 261, World Book–Childcraft International, Chicago, 1978.
White, E. G., The Great Controversy, pp. 293-297, Pacific Press Publishing Association, Boise, Idaho, 1950.