text:
My thoughts
I have always been fascinated by Edgar Allan Poe. Besides being absolutely in love with his literary works, I've also considered him an enigmatic figure who is, and was, widely misunderstood by many people. It turns out that the author of Mrs. Poe felt the same, as evidenced by her wonderful depiction of the man in her book. I have also become intrigued by Frances Osgood, someone I knew very little of before reading this book. The depiction of Osgood in this book is beautiful. I felt like I was listening to the story of a friend. Perhaps I felt akin to her because I too am raising my children primarily alone and I am also a writer. But it's more than that. She is the classic representation of the insecurities that women face, especially women of her era when women were, in many minds, best suited for duties on the home front.
Another aspect of this book that I really enjoyed was the introduction of all the historical and literary figures to the story. Frances' visits to Anne Lynch's salon conversaziones introduce us to characters who are so interesting and lively...and menacing. Who could have stood their ground against the formidable Margaret Fuller? What a bear of a woman. Even Louisa Alcott made an appearance (love her), although sadly, we didn't hear much from her.
The subject of Mrs. Poe, Edgar's young wife, is a strange one. I did not know that he had married his cousin and that she was so young when they married. That's an intriguing story. I won't say too much so not to spoil the story. However, she was an odd character and I have to admit to getting mildly creeped out by her early on. For instance, she mimics the voice of Fanny Butler because she was not happy about her close interaction with her husband. Well, this gave me chills. Some excellent foreshadowing of what was to come.
Mrs. Poe is a terrific historical novel. The author presents a story of Poe that I believe has never been told and succeeds in giving us a picture of him that is much more refreshing than the rumors of the past. I admit that I have several of the author's books, but this is the first I've had a chance to read one of her novels. I'm very much looking forward to reading her previous works and her future offerings.
About the book
Paperback Publication Date: April 1, 2014
Gallery Books
Great Reads of 2013 –NPR
Books That Make Time Stand Still –Oprah.com
Editor's Pick—The Historical Novels Review
Best Books of 2013—Atlanta Magazine
Indie Next List Pick
A vivid and compelling novel about a woman who becomes entangled in an affair with Edgar Allan Poe—at the same time she becomes the unwilling confidante of his much-younger wife.
It is 1845, and Frances Osgood is desperately trying to make a living as a writer in New York; not an easy task for a woman—especially one with two children and a philandering portrait painter as her husband. As Frances tries to sell her work, she finds that editors are only interested in writing similar to that of the new renegade literary sensation Edgar Allan Poe, whose poem, "The Raven" has struck a public nerve.
She meets the handsome and mysterious Poe at a literary party, and the two have an immediate connection. Poe wants Frances to meet with his wife since she claims to be an admirer of her poems, and Frances is curious to see the woman whom Edgar married.
As Frances spends more and more time with the intriguing couple, her intense attraction for Edgar brings her into dangerous territory. And Mrs. Poe, who acts like an innocent child, is actually more manipulative and threatening than she appears. As Frances and Edgar's passionate affair escalates, Frances must decide whether she can walk away before it's too late…
Set amidst the fascinating world of New York's literati, this smart and sexy novel offers a unique view into the life of one of history's most unforgettable literary figures.
"Is it true that Edgar Allen Poe cheated on his tubercular, insipid young wife with a lady poet he'd met at a literary salon? Cullen makes you hope so." –New York Times
"This fictional reenactment of the mistress of Edgar Allan Poe escorts you into the glittering world of New York in the 1840s…A bewitching, vivid trip into the heyday of American literary society." –Oprah.com, Book of the Week
"Vivid…Atmospheric…Don't miss it." –People
"Nevermore shall you wonder what it might have been like to fall deeply in love with Edgar Allen Poe… Mrs. Poe nails the period." –NPR
"A page-turning tale…Readers who loved Paula McLain's The Paris Wife will relish another novel based on historical scandal and romance." –Library Journal, starred review
"Immensely engaging…Set upon the backdrop of a fascinating era…this is not only a captivating story of forbidden lovers but an elaborately spun tale of NYC society." –The Historical Novels Review
"A must-read for those intrigued by Poe, poetry and the latter half of nineteenth-century America." –RT Book Reviews (4 stars)
Buy the Book
Amazon (Kindle)
Amazon (Paperback)
Barnes & Noble
Simon & Schuster
Lynn Cullen is the author of The Creation of Eve, named among the best fiction books of 2010 by The Atlanta Journal-Constitution and as an April 2010 Indie Next selection. She is also the author of numerous award-winning books for children, including the young adult novel I Am Rembrandt's Daughter, which was a 2007 Barnes & Noble "Discover Great New Writers" selection, and an ALA Best Book of 2008. Her novel, Reign of Madness, about Juana the Mad, daughter of the Spanish Monarchs Isabella and Ferdinand, was chosen as a 2011 Best of the South selection by the Atlanta Journal Constitution and was a 2012 Townsend Prize finalist. Her newest novel, MRS. POE, examines the fall of Edgar Allan Poe through the eyes of poet Francis Osgood.
For more information please visit Lynn Cullen's website and blog. You can also connect with her on Facebook, Twitter, Goodreads, and Pinterest.
Twitter Hashtag: #MrsPoeBlogTour
Stop by at Historical Fiction Connection and read my terrific interview with Lynn Cullen and the giveaway is still open over there too...two chances to win this fantastic book!
A copy of this book was sent to me in exchange for an honest review. I was not monetarily compensated for providing it.


text:
'Nantucket Lighthouse'
This nautical, nature-inspired art was originally painted with watercolors.
Pins are Back! Accessorize your scarves, coats, tote bags, purses, denim, hats, headbands, backpacks, sweaters, umbrellas, slippers and so much more. Children can embellish their favorite teddy bears, doll clothes, and accessories. A fun gift for friends, co-workers, and birthdays too! Use them for gift and bow decoration. Our packaging allows them to be cleverly bow-tied and tagged to gift packages, bags, and baskets. They make an ideal gift or stocking-stuffer for pin lovers. A must for any collection!
We print with dye sublimation on high-standard, aluminum metal. The process of dye sublimation infuses dyes directly into the metal producing an outstanding and brilliant product. The metal is scratch, fade-proof, and water-resistant. The pins are lightweight and have a traditional, swivel clasp adhered to the back for fastening. They are approximately .030 to .045 thick with 1/8″ radius corners. We custom print and cut all the metal in Beth's studio. Each pin comes packaged with a doubled-backed card and a protective clear sleeve.
The finished pins are available in three sizes:
- Small 1″x1″
- Medium 1.25″x1.25″
- Large 1.5″x1.5″
We custom cut and print the pins upon receiving your order. Please allow one to three business days of production time.
Photos are for mockup purposes and inspiration only. Please remember, that there may be color variations on different screens. Pins are not a toy and are not recommended for children under eight years of age.
©Beth Stephens. All rights reserved. Not to be reproduced in any manner, style, or form without written expression.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
You can find all the important information you need available for download here.
GEZE counts among the best worldwide for products, systems and services related to door, window and safety technology, and automatic doors. We provide extensive support for your building demands and realise solutions that unite functionality, safety, comfort and design. With our expertise in building automation and networking, we turn buildings into smart buildings. From the initial idea, to its implementation with the large serial programme, and right up to customised solutions, with individual service and maintenance.
Swing doors in many forms guide us comfortably through daily life. Swing doors – also called single-action doors – are everywhere.
Sliding doors ensure comfortable and safe access to your building, in the façade and also inside the building. As space-saving and quiet doors, they have become indispensable in many buildings.
Revolving doors fulfil multiple purposes at entrances of public buildings. Safe, convenient and in an elegant design, they enable people to come in and go out without disruption.
GEZE window systems create a healthy indoor climate. They increase the safety and comfort in your building by reducing the energy consumption and offering a great variety of visual options.
Partition wall systems made of glass allow transparent room partition. They open, divide and separate rooms in line with the desired use. We offer you a great variety of design possibilities.
Mobile acoustic partition wall systems offer intelligent room management and countless design possibilities in buildings. Thanks to their good noise insulation properties, individually usable rooms are created.
Safety systems fulfil the various requirements of safety and control functions in your building. Due to legal regulations, they are indispensable in buildings with many people.
Building automation makes your building a more comfortable place to be: safer and more comfortable, and you save more energy. It facilitates the monitoring and operation of all building technology, something that is indispensable in larger buildings.
Please make a choice
* required field
Server error! Please try again.
Thank you for your message! You will receive a copy of your request to the email address you entered.


text:
February 25, 2019
The Lord Really Is My Shepherd
Part 2
Mary Southerland
Today's Truth
Now faith is confidence in what we hope for and assurance about what we do not see (Hebrews 11:1).
Friend to Friend
Valleys are lined with disappointment and discouragement. Some people seem to thrive on adversity, emerging from their valley with greater strength and deeper faith. Others stumble and fall, giving in to discouragement and dropping out of the race. The difference in outcome is determined by the way we choose to handle discouragement.
We must respond to each valley with trust and faith. The word "trust" means "to lie helpless, face down" and is the picture of a servant waiting for his master's command or a soldier yielding himself to a conquering general. "Heart" refers to "the center of one's being." In other words, to trust God completely means that from the very center of our being, from the very core of our existence, we trust Him, totally abandoning ourselves in childlike faith to Him and His plan. We come, holding nothing in our hands, pushing no agenda, with one word in our heart—"whatever!" "Whatever You want me to do, Lord, I will do. Whatever You want me to say, Lord, I will say. Whatever You want me to think, Lord, I will think. Whatever path You have for me, Lord, I will walk."
If you are like me, you sometimes think you don't have enough faith. The amount of faith is not nearly as important as the right kind of faith—faith in God alone.
A mustard seed is small but can still take root and grow—just like faith. Faith is also like a muscle. The more we use it, the stronger it becomes.
We must remember that faith doesn't rest on what we have done but on what Christ has done. As Paul says, times of stress accentuate the presence and power of God.
"We can rejoice, too, when we run into problems and trials, for we know that they are good for us—they help us learn to endure. And endurance develops strength of character in us, and character strengthens our confident expectation of salvation. And this expectation will not disappoint us. For we know how dearly God loves us because He has given us the Holy Spirit to fill our hearts with His love" (Romans 5:3-5, NLT).
When the valleys come, we are tempted to abandon our faith and strike out in our own strength. What we should do is embrace our faith in God, look for our Shepherd, and follow Him.
The story is told of a shepherd who tried to persuade his sheep to cross a swiftly flowing stream. Since sheep are naturally afraid of rapidly running water, the shepherd couldn't get them to cross. Then he had an idea.
Picking up a lamb, the shepherd stepped into the river and carried it to the opposite shore. When the mother saw that the shepherd had safely led her lamb across the stream, she forgot her fear and stepped out in faith and into the rushing current. Soon, she was safely on the other side. The rest of the flock followed.
Faith rests in what Christ has already done on the cross and in our lives.
Faith hopes for what God will do for us in the future.
Faith builds on the victories of yesterday to help us face the valleys of today and the questions about tomorrow.
Faith in God is sure and certain, believing that God is who He says He is and that He will do what He says He will do. When we believe that God will fulfill His promises, even though we can't see a single promise materializing, we are exercising faith.
Faith does not bypass pain. It does, however, empower us to deal with pain. Faith steps up to the bat and invites the opponent to throw his best pitch. Sometimes faith strengthens us, and other times, surprises us. Great faith is forged in the deepest valleys, beginning where our strength and power end.
Let's Pray
Father, I want to be a woman of faith, but I am so weak and so often afraid. Today, I choose against fear. Instead, I choose to believe You and Your Word. Please help me learn how to reject the lies of the enemy and celebrate the absolute truth of Your Word. In Jesus' Name,
Now it's Your Turn
One of my favorite descriptions of faith is:
F: forsaking
A: all
T: trust
H: Him
How would you define faith? _______________________________________________
Read Hebrews 11:6 and record it in your journal. Then write the verse in your own words.
Hebrews 11:6 "And without faith it is impossible to please God, because anyone who comes to him must believe that he exists and that he rewards those who earnestly seek him."
More from the Girlfriends
Our faith is tested when the storms of life hit. Are you sitting in a rocking boat that you fear is about to capsize? Mary has a message of hope for you! Check out her book, Hope in the Midst of Depression and discover how to find strength and the courage to face the trials in your life.
Be sure to check out the FREE MP3s on Mary's website and connect with Mary through E-mail, Twitter, Instagram, Shopify, or on Facebook.
Originally published Monday, 25 February 2019.


text:
If you don't go anywhere without your notebook, then a writer's wallet may be for you. Reader Conor Buick shares his method for creating a notebook-turned-wallet hybrid.
What we are going to make today is a Writer's Wallet, so everyone please access their inner Martha Stewart. Basically, my writer's wallet is a notebook with a few modifications for carrying my cash and cards.
I used the Ecosystem small-size notebook found here.
Note: If you're looking for the simplest possible solution for a writing wallet, you could buy a previously mentioned Pico Pad (a credit card sized pad with a micro pen found here.
This is a tool that will encourage you to write more (or at least that's what it does for me). That's the whole idea behind this. You pull your wallet out often, so perhaps when you have it out, you'll write your next genius insight and turn into Jon Franzen or Twitterer @badbanana (aka Tim Siedell, creative director and joke maker). Some people will be quick to point out, "Hey, why don't you just keep the two separate and pull them out together?" But I have no time for those people. It's a noble idea, which coincidentally, can seem like the dumbest ones, similar to bringing a book to the coffee shop.
What You'll Need
Stretchy bands
Super Glue (I used Loctite Control Gel which was excellent, but anything that dries quickly will do)
Exacto Knife
Cardboard/Strong paper
NOTEBOOK (duh)
Optional: Ruler
Step 1: Make the Magic Wallet
First, we're going to make and incorporate a "Magic Wallet" into our notebook. The Instructable for the Magic Wallet can be found here, and the video below demonstrates how it works (you've likely seen one before).
Tip: Cut your bands longer than needed, it's easy to pull them off the cardboard and re-glue, then just cut off the excess.
He calls it a Clever Wallet—insanity right? The picture shows basically what to do. Once you fold the bands across, place your other piece of cardboard over the bands, and fold back/glue the bands' ends to the cardboard.
Then glue your new magic wallet to the cover of the notebook. Glue doesn't need to canvas the whole cover if it's super glue (it's always easy to add more later if needed).
Step 3: Cut Slots for Your Credit Cards and Finish Your Writer's Wallet
The back of an Ecosystem notebook has a little pouch for storing torn out pages. We'll use that for storing credit cards and such. Now you could just leave the pouch alone and simply store cards sloppily away. We're classier than that. We just need to make a few simple slits with an exacto knife.
I only have 4 cards, perfect for this. All you have to do is stand one card vertically on the pouch. Stand it at an angle like the picture if you want. I've found it's easier to slide the card back in its slot if it's at an angle. Once you've found, more or less, where you want your cards to go, trace along the vertically standing card a straight pencil line. Do that 4 times like the picture. The image has all 4 pencil lines in it. Each one is at a slightly different angle for no reason other than to keep things spicy. Now just cut along each line with an exacto knife. Cut a bit beyond each line so the card fits in easily (always easy to cut more later though).
Tip: You can make another pouch out of cardstock if you have more cards and glue it inside the front cover for more card storage.
You're done with your new Magic Wallet-Notebook hybrid. The notebook band keeps the wallet closed. I have the bills standing straight up. Unfortunately, the bills extend just a bit beyond the dimensions of the notebook (the mint didn't think of Ecosystem notebooks when designing American bills).
Note: when opening the wallet, it automatically pushes the notebook band to the side, opening the notebook.
Another Alternative
This is a new writer's wallet. Simpler design. I used a black Ecosystem notebook and made a little pouch out of some semi-durable paper.
Just glue the pouch to the back/front of your notebook. My red pouch is on the back of my notebook so when I'm writing, the money is safe between my hand and notebook. The pouch is a bit wider on its backside so bills catch that and slip in easier. My pouch is that particular length for no reason. I could have made it the width of the bills and stored the bills the other way than showing below, maybe for the next Wallbook/Notellet. I used the same card storage as the last notebook.
You could also put the pouch inside the notebook so the money is safer and you have to open the notebook each time.
You could also, of course make your own notebook from scratch. Lifehacker has a how-to guide for creating a DIY notebook perfect for note-taking. Just scale it down.
Attaching Your Pen
Like any writer, you need something to write with. If you always have a pen on you then this is unnecessary. I used another inch of the stretchy band we used for the Magic Wallet and glued it to the notebook's binding to clip the pen on. For the black notebook (above), I simply clipped a small pen (Pilot G-2 mini) to the notebook's stretchy band. I also tried using velcro, but it failed catastrophically.
Anyway, that's everything, let me know what your ideas are. I feel like I've thrown out quite a few.


text:
Glasses Chain Vintage Burgundy
Glasses Chain Vintage Burgundy
In this glasses chain the dark brown color of the transparent beads, when reflected with the light, returns a very characteristic burgundy as the much appreciated fermented and aged grape juice, bottled and labeled with the year of its harvest, represented then by white beads, a refinement.
Product Details:
- Article No.: ACO22001
- Length: 65cm
- Stainless Steel
- Glass Beads
- Adjustable Rubbers
TALAI Shop in 1-2 working days.
Deliveries to Portugal:
- Free delivery for orders above €80
Deliveries made to Portugal are delivered via CTT as a Registered Mail where you can follow the status and location of the order.
The shipping cost is calculated and added when you enter the shopping cart.
Delivery Timeframe
The estimated delivery time will vary between 1-3 working days after order confirmation.
Delivery time for personalized items can take up to 10 working days.
Deliveries to Europe:
Exchanges and Returns
Exchanges and Returns
Please choose carefully before making your purchase.
If you have any questions or dissatisfaction with any Talai product, please contact us by email: email@example.com and inform the reason for your displeasure so that we are aware of the occurrence and that we can help you to resolve the situation in the best way.
Return Conditions
When making exchanges and returns, you must ensure the following:
All items must be in the condition in which you received them, without signs of use, with the original labels and with the respective invoice; In the event of returning by post, we reserve the right not to refund shipping or return costs. Nor will we accept shipments with payment to the recipient; Exchanges or returns of personalized items according to the consumer's specifications will not be accepted.
Free return in store
All returns for online orders must be made within 30 days from the purchase date.
1. Go to our store in Silves.Find us on Google Maps: Atelier Talai2. Deliver the items you wish to return or exchange.
2. The item must be accompanied by the respective invoice, in paper or electronic form.
If you do not have the invoice for your online order, you can request a copy of it, using the contact form below, or by through the following email: firstname.lastname@example.com
3. The refund will be made through the same payment method.
As soon as the return is registered by the store, the refund request will be inserted, through the same payment method used when registering the order.
In case the payment was made by Multibanco or MBWay, you will receive within 48 hours of registering the return, a contact from our services so that the IBAN is registered for reimbursement by bank transfer.
Online Returns
All returns for online orders must be made within 30 days from the date purchase.
1. Send us an email with the order number and the name of the article/reference.Please wait for a response from us(it may take up to 24 hours). Our customer support team will help you in the best way to complete your return.
2. Send your order by registered mail or with acknowledgment of receipt.Keep in mind that we will not accept shipments with payment to the recipient. We reserve the right not to refund shipping or return costs.
Your exchange or refund will be made within a maximum period of 14 working days after we have received your order.
The refund will be made within a maximum period of 14 days, using the same payment method used for the purchase.
If the payment has been made by Multibanco reference, our customer support team will contact you to request your IBAN.
Care instruction to take
Care instruction to take
Despite the materials we use in
the making of our jewellery do not stain, corrode, or even scratch if you are not
If the product is not identified as waterproof, please follow our instructions so that you can enjoy the
Talai pieces for as long as possible.
Pieces in golden stainless steel.
The golden color of gold-plated pieces disappear
over time and this is a natural wear and tear, not a defect.
The duration of the gold bath depends on the use,
maintenance and care given to the pieces.
Care to be taken Have:
Pay special attention to hand-painted pieces. They can last for years if you follow the following steps:
1. Handle your jewellery with care. Most pendants are modeled and hand painted and are a true work of art, so treat them as such.
2. Avoid contact with cosmetics, perfumes and creams. Otherwise, get into the habit of perfuming yourself
or putting on makeup before putting it on: some chemical ingredients present in cosmetics can discolor, stain or damage the piece.
3. Avoid prolonged exposure to natural, artificial, or presence light. In case of contact with water, it is recommended
a gentle drying with an absorbent cloth.
4. Do not use water, soap, cleaning solutions or chemicals to clean it, this could damage the finish or discolor the piece.
If you have any further questions, please do not hesitate to contact personally or by email: email@example.com


text:
MESA, Ariz. — An Arizona family is grieving the loss of their 1-year-old son, Symhir. They say he was being watched at an in-home day care , when he choked on a sandwich and died.
"I never expected to have to bury my 19-month-old child," said Star Jones, Symhir's mother.
A few weeks ago, she dropped him off at an in-home day care in Mesa called "Tiffany's In Home Child Care." "I felt like my baby was so safe," Jones said.
But little did she know, that would be the last time she'd see her little boy alive.
"I said, 'I love you' and he said 'I love you too'," Jones said. "I just wish I would've hugged him longer."
She says she got a call from the owner, Tiffany, that Symhir had choked on sandwich and help was on the way.
"I just kept asking her, is my baby okay? Is he okay? She said he's okay, yes they're taking the food out of his mouth. They're still getting the food out of his mouth. He's okay. He's okay," Jones said.
But Symihir didn't make it.
Jones says she learned about Tiffany after seeing a flyer on social media. On it, it states Tiffany is CPR certified. Jones says she now wishes she would've asked Tiffany to verify her training.
"I didn't know that she hadn't had a CPR license until the paramedics and the detectives were questioning her. She told them she hadn't had a license in years," she said.
Mesa police say they're still investigating what happened and no charges have been filed. As for Jones, she has this message for other parents:
"Just giving them awareness of the things to look for and you know, proof of everything that the child care provider is saying they have," Jones said. "Because there are little things that I missed that I feel guilty as a parent even though I feel like I did everything as a parent."
"Tiffany's In Home Child Care" does not show up when you search for it under the Arizona Department of Public Health's data base for licensed child care providers in the state.
State law says in-home day cares must be licensed if they have more than four children in their care. If they have four or less, they don't have to register.
For information about CPR training click here.
For a link to the family's Go Fund Me page, click here.
This story was originally published by Jamie Warren at KNXV.


text:
Intro: "Scientists have identified thousands of sites in the Arctic where methane that has been stored for many millennia is bubbling into the atmosphere."
'Methane that has been stored in Arctic ice for many millennia is now bubbling into the atmosphere.'
Arctic Melt Releasing Ancient Methane
22 May 12
cientists have identified thousands of sites in the Arctic where methane that has been stored for many millennia is bubbling into the atmosphere.
The methane has been trapped by ice, but is able to escape as the ice melts.
Writing in the journal Nature Geoscience, the researchers say this ancient gas could have a significant impact on climate change.
Methane is the second most important greenhouse gas after CO2 and levels are rising after a few years of stability.
There are many sources of the gas around the world, some natural and some man-made, such as landfill waste disposal sites and farm animals.
Tracking methane to these various sources is not easy.
But the researchers on the new Arctic project, led by Katey Walter Anthony from the University of Alaska at Fairbanks (UAF), were able to identify long-stored gas by the ratio of different isotopes of carbon in the methane molecules.
Using aerial and ground-based surveys, the team identified about 150,000 methane seeps in Alaska and Greenland in lakes along the margins of ice cover.
Local sampling showed that some of these are releasing the ancient methane, perhaps from natural gas or coal deposits underneath the lakes, whereas others are emitting much younger gas, presumably formed through decay of plant material in the lakes.
"We observed most of these cryosphere-cap seeps in lakes along the boundaries of permafrost thaw and in moraines and fjords of retreating glaciers," they write, emphasising the point that warming in the Arctic is releasing this long-stored carbon.
"If this relationship holds true for other regions where sedimentary basins are at present capped by permafrost, glaciers and ice sheets, such as northern West Siberia, rich in natural gas and partially underlain by thin permafrost predicted to degrade substantially by 2100, a very strong increase in methane carbon cycling will result, with potential implications for climate warming feedbacks."
Quantifying methane release across the Arctic is an active area of research, with several countries dispatching missions to monitor sites on land and sea.
The region stores vast quantities of the gas in different places - in and under permafrost on land, on and under the sea bed, and - as evidenced by the latest research - in geological reservoirs.
"The Arctic is the fastest warming region on the planet, and has many methane sources that will increase as the temperature rises," commented Prof Euan Nisbet from Royal Holloway, University of London, who is also involved in Arctic methane research.
"This is yet another serious concern: the warming will feed the warming."
How serious and how immediate a threat this feedback mechanism presents is a controversial area, with some scientists believing that the impacts will not be seen for many decades, and others pointing out the possibility of a rapid release that could swiftly accelerate global warming.
THE NEW STREAMLINED RSN LOGIN PROCESS: Register once, then login and you are ready to comment. All you need is a Username and a Password of your choosing and you are free to comment whenever you like! Welcome to the Reader Supported News community. |


text:
What was once lost has now been found...
After hundreds of years of obscurity, a manuscript from the 12th century has recently been discovered that details the rules for a role-playing game of historical proportions. Envisioned and enjoyed by medieval monks of some long-forgotten priory, their game will take you back in time to portray the brave knights, cunning outlaws, determined clerics, bold peasants, and brash barons of their age. Explore the British isles and the European continent as they were in the feudal era. Turn the tides of wars and scheme for political power in old kingdoms. Join a crusade, survive the inquisition, become the monarch that the annals of time forgot. History is now yours for the re-telling.
Renowned medievalist and RPG scholar Jeremy Keller has assembled this manuscript from its scattered fragments and translated it from its Middle English script. The text has been lovingly interpreted and re-forged into a game system ready to run the historical adventures you have always imagined the Middle Ages could be full of. Dubbed Chronica Feudalis, the system allows for characters that range from peasants to princes and gives them the tools to set forth on daring adventures, engaging in combat, parley, subterfuge and chases.
Buy Now!
Get Chronica Feudalis in print and pdf at Indie Press Revolution!
- Print + PDF Bundle $20
- Print $20
Connect with fellow Chronica fans at The Feudal Chronicle Yahoo Group!
Read what people are saying
about Chronica Feudalis.
- "This is a charmingly-presented simple role-playing game which holds together well, sound mechanically [...] and sustains the voice of a mediaeval monk throughout."
Review by Megan Robertson on RPG Resource and RPGNow.
[5 stars out of 5] - "The rules are light and easy, as is character generation, with a setting that has room enough for both GM and players to make Medieval Europe what they want."
Review by Pookie on Reviews from R'lyeh. - "The mechanics encourage creative thinking, to apply tools, aspects and scene effects, and also encourage a descriptive style of play"
Review by Graham Bottley on RPGnet.
[Style: 5 out of 5; Substance: 5 out of 5] - "Overall, I both enjoyed the read and play of this game. It is relatively simple matter to make a character that has depth with the Mentor system"
Review by Josh Rensch on gmwithadd.com and RPGnet.
[Style: 5 out of 5; Substance: 5 out of 5] - "Dice rolling is minimal, character creation is fast, and the characters the dreamers portray can only be as effective as their tools allow them to be."
Review by C. W. Richeson on RPGnet.
[Style: 3 out of 5; Substance: 3 out of 5]
- Brennan and Ryan review Chronica Feudalis on The Voice of the Revolution
- Chris and Brian review Chronica Feudalis on 2D6 Feet in a Random Direction
- Carol interviews Jeremy about Chronica Feudalis for All Games Considered
- Brennan talks to Jeremy about indie publishing and Chronica Feudalis for The Voice of the Revolution
- Bill attends a Gen Con demo of Chronica Feudalis for Virtual Play
In the Blogs
Actual Plays
- Witness [Platonic Solid blog | RPGnet]
- The Anarchy of England


text:
Shrubs and Hedges in Wentzville
Perfectly Edged Lawncare LLC is happy to offer services that cover the planning, installation, and maintenance of shrubs and hedges in Wentzville. If you're dreaming of a living wall that will frame a landscaping feature like a garden or a hardscape, we have plants specially bred and grown to suit those needs. We also offer plants that act as privacy screens and security walls if that's your goal for your property.
Call us today for the best garden planner services around!
The Right Shrubs and Hedges for Your Needs
When you're looking to invest in a shrub or hedge, it's important to consider your goals for your property. Our garden planners can install and care for your fast growing, evergreen and privacy plants. The benefits of contracting our team for your garden services are:
- Increased Privacy and Security
- Increased Curb Appeal
- Covers Up Any Lawn Imperfections
- Low-Maintenance Gardening
Shrub and Hedge Maintenance
Our services extend beyond the installation and design process. When you contract us for your garden plans, we provide additional help and upkeep with your garden maintenance. Our trimming and lawn care services will help boost your properties aesthetics and your landscapes vitality. We will shave or prune your plants and maintain the shape and look you desire for your landscape.
Let us manicure your landscape and send the right message about your backyard plants, shrubs, bushes, trees and hedges. Call us today at (636) 346-5513 to set up an assessment appointment and talk about your goals for your property!
A Selection of Garden Shrubs and Plants
Your landscape can act as a blank canvas for new designs and new dreams. Our garden shrubs and plants can increase the appeal and aesthetics of your property.
With our large selection of flowers and plants we can bring out your motivation and mood for your landscape. There is no limit to what you can achieve with your lawn. Tell us your ideas and we can help you select from our options of garden shrubs, hedges, bushes, evergreens, coniferous and flowering plants.
With our many years of experience, we can guarantee a striking, beautiful outdoor space. Contract us for your install and maintenance needs. We have the attention to detail that your space requires.
Moreover, we match our level of care and expertise to our customer service. Every job is unique. We don't believe in a single-minded approach. We customize our services according to the needs of you and your lawn.
Want a lawn that represents you and your one-of-a-kind dream? Call us today! And let us make your landscaping dreams come true. Let us show you just how great we really are.
Perfectly Edged Lawncare LLC Is Bringing Shrubs and Hedges to Wentzville
No matter what your unique needs or desires are for your shrubs or hedges, you can rest assured that Perfectly Edged Lawncare LLC will be able to outfit your Wentzville property with the best of the best. Call today to set up an assessment visit, and start looking forward to the future of your property.


text:
For the past few years, Microsoft has meaningfully increased participation in the open source software (OSS) community, becoming one of the world's largest supporters of OSS projects. Today we're announcing that we intend to adopt the Chromium open source project in the development of Microsoft Edge on the desktop to create better web compatibility for our customers and less fragmentation of the web for all web developers.
As part of this, we intend to become a significant contributor to the Chromium project, in a way that can make not just Microsoft Edge — but other browsers as well — better on both PCs and other devices.
Making the web better for many audiences
Working with open source is not new for Microsoft Edge. Our mobile browser has been based on open source from its beginnings over a year ago. We've also used open source for various features of Microsoft Edge on the desktop (e.g. Angle, Web Audio, Brotli) and we've begun making contributions to the Chromium project to help move browsing forward on new ARM-based Windows devices.
Our goal is to do this in a way that embraces the well-established open source model that's been working effectively for years: meaningful and positive contributions that align to long-standing, thoughtfully designed architecture, and collaborative engineering. Together we seek the best outcome for all people who use the web across many devices.
Ultimately, we want to make the web experience better for many different audiences. People using Microsoft Edge (and potentially other browsers) will experience improved compatibility with all web sites, while getting the best-possible battery life and hardware integration on all kinds of Windows devices. Web developers will have a less-fragmented web platform to test their sites against, ensuring that there are fewer problems and increased satisfaction for users of their sites; and because we'll continue to provide the Microsoft Edge service-driven understanding of legacy IE-only sites, Corporate IT will have improved compatibility for both old and new web apps in the browser that comes with Windows.
Microsoft Edge + OSS: a new emphasis for Microsoft
Over the next year or so, we'll be making a technology change that happens "under the hood" for Microsoft Edge, gradually over time, and developed in the open so those of you who are interested can follow along. The key aspects of this evolution in direction are:
1. We will move to a Chromium-compatible web platform for Microsoft Edge on the desktop. Our intent is to align the Microsoft Edge web platform simultaneously (a) with web standards and (b) with other Chromium-based browsers. This will deliver improved compatibility for everyone and create a simpler test-matrix for web developers.
2. Microsoft Edge will now be delivered and updated for all supported versions of Windows and on a more frequent cadence. We also expect this work to enable us to bring Microsoft Edge to other platforms like macOS. Improving the web-platform experience for both end users and developers requires that the web platform and the browser be consistently available to as many devices as possible. To accomplish this, we will evolve the browser code more broadly, so that our distribution model offers an updated Microsoft Edge experience + platform across all supported versions of Windows, while still maintaining the benefits of the browser's close integration with Windows.
3. We will contribute web platform enhancements to make Chromium-based browsers better on Windows devices. Our philosophy of greater participation in Chromium open source will embrace contribution of beneficial new tech, consistent with some of the work we described above. We recognize that making the web better on Windows is good for our customers, partners and our business – and we intend to actively contribute to that end.
What happens next
If you're a Microsoft Edge customer, there is nothing you need to do as the Microsoft Edge you use today isn't changing. If you are a web developer, we invite you to join our community by installing preview builds when they're available and staying current on our testing and contributions. We expect to have a preview build ready in early 2019 for you to try for yourself.
If you're part of the open-source community developing browsers, we invite you to collaborate with us as we build the future of Microsoft Edge and contribute to the Chromium project. A few near-term examples will include continued work on ARM64 support, web accessibility, and taking advantage of other hardware features like touch support.
We look forward to sharing more details in the future as we test and learn. We are excited about the opportunity to be an even-more-active part of this community and bring the best of Microsoft forward to continue to make the web better for everyone.


text:
Living in a mental institution
Gideon Boie
2013, Psyche
Image: UR architects
There are limits to the socialisation of mental health care. Traditional mental institutions retain their right to existence in the light of the need for low-stimulus environments in care. At the same time they represent a substantial spatial and symbolic wealth which from a business point of view cannot simply be eliminated.
In this context, UR Architects launched a piece of design-based research into the future of the Sint-Amandus Psychiatric Centre in Beernem – part of the Brothers of Charity npo. They did so at the request of the Flemish Architecture Institute in the framework of the 'Young Makers, Thinkers, Dreamers' programme.
Their design-based research includes a limited analysis of the site. It was apparent from this that there was no coherent, well-considered vision for the spatial development of the institution site. What is currently called a spatial master-plan is more of a technical application of bed capacity to built volume. There is also some fairly obscure ongoing horse-trading with heritage departments regarding the preservation of one or other building.
The disregard for quality objectives in the areas of architecture, space and heritage is in sharp contrast to the psychiatric centre's prominent presence in Beernem. With 470 beds in the hospital and 147 beds in the care home, Sint-Amandus accommodates a great many of the inhabitants of Beernem. This strong link means that in this region the names Sint-Amandus and Beernem are interchangeable.
The second section of the design-based research is a proposal to give what is called the 'Oude Bouw' (Old Building) a standardised housing programme. This 19th-century building of no less than 180 metres in length has several unique characteristics – in terms of scale, image, location and surroundings – that fit well with the local demand for lofts, three-room flats, family homes with gardens, service flats and twin housing. This gives rise to an opportunity to create a housing environment where patients can be admitted onto a non-clinical setting.
A new psychogeriatric department is added to the back of the Oude Bouw. In this way the traditional view of the Oude Bouw from the street is preserved. The suggestion of a block of buildings with a mixed housing programme at varying elevations is even more important. In this way the roof of the new building provides an extensive green zone for the homes. Its central location guarantees easy access to the sports hall, function room, chapel and other facilities.
The fact that this is design-based research means that it is possible to depart from the often forced serviceability of a design brief. By means of a visionary design, UR Architects want to generate practical design knowledge concerning concrete questions which do not usually even arise in a building assignment.
Firstly, the proposal is intended to make a start on a spatial master-plan that redesigns the institution site on the basis of a positive plan. The condensation in and around the Oude Bouw initiates not only a new use of space, but also the use of the existing facilities such as the theatre building, pharmacy, sports hall, chapel and so on. In this regard, the landscape and the visual relationship between the buildings function as a connecting link.
Secondly, the design-based research puts a stop to the never-ending cycle of demolition and new building. The introduction of an alternative programme into the Oude Bouw offers a meaningful scenario for the preservation of another specimen of care heritage that is currently on the list for demolition – like the modernist chapel. The reason for demolition is usually the rule that the relevant government department, the Flemish Fund for Person-Based Infrastructure (VIPA), only subsidises new building, plus the notion that dated hospital architecture has a stigmatising effect.
Lastly, the new programme in the Oude Bouw achieves an inverse socialisation of mental health care. The socialisation of care represents the embedment of residential care in the normal urban fabric – by means of psychiatric care homes, sheltered accommodation and suchlike. The proposal follows the Dutch model and introduces a normal housing programme into the heart of the remaining critical care centre. This gives Sint-Amandus the opportunity to develop into a normalised housing environment.
In this way we see how the housing market is deployed as an instrument to achieve objectives in the areas of spatial quality, the preservation of the heritage and a care plan. Since no prior examples exist, it is hard to predict whether the effect of the market will live up to the great expectations. However, the crucial question is whether all the parties involved are ready for the marketisation of Sint-Amandus.
A measure of the degree of support was the presentation of the design-based research at the Flemish Architecture Institute, attended by many of the parties involved. It was notable that the audience above all expected more from the inverse socialisation at Sint-Amandus.
On the one hand there was some confusion about the somewhat generic demand of the market. The design-based research does not clarify patients' need for housing programmes on the institution site that are not in accordance with the sensitive care programme. Nor does it become clear to what extent the patient may have changing housing wishes that cannot be fulfilled by what is currently on offer. On top of that, combining psychiatric care with housing programmes for the elderly or disabled seems to turn the clock back. This confusion gave rise to the question of the extent to which social and cultural functions might be a more effective means of inverse socialisation.
On the other hand the focus on the monumental Oude Bouw was too easy. The mistaken suggestion of an exclusive housing programme was encouraged by a far-fetched argument about gentrification, which is the social, cultural and economic upgrading of a part of a town. Among the comments on this, a pertinent one was that the new group of housing consumers in the Oude Bouw does nothing to change the isolation of the institution's site in the normal fabric of the town of Beernem – which still remains on the other side of the E40 motorway. This discussion was put in sharp focus in the question of whether laying out a real village structure at Sint-Amandus would not be more suited to the objective of inverse socialisation.
To set the future of Sint-Amandus in motion, the design-based research has to show that inverse socialisation is not the easy option.
Published in Psyche 24 (4), December 2012, quarterly magazine of VVGG
The design-based research 'The Future of the Asylum' was presented on September 25, 2012 in the Flemish Architecture Institute (VAi). The debate hosted Nikolaas Vande Keere and Regis Verplaetse (UR Architects), René Stockman (General Superior of the Brothers of Charity), Prof. Em. Luc Verpoest (KULeuven), Wivina De Meester (former state secretary and founder of Huize Monnikenheide), Christoph Grafe en Katrien Vandermarliere (VAi).
Tags: Care, English, Psychiatry
Categories: Architecture
Type: Article


text:
Call us on 1800 077 888
Tech Tips
Aeon Laser Engravers
Aeon Laser are European Designed, Sensibly priced and Easy to use. Aeon Technology Co is a Global supply company. The main manufacturing facility covers 2000 square meters of floor space. Our products have acquired the European CE and American FCA certification. At the heart of the company is a first class research and development centre. Aeon work only with credible distributors worldwide and our Oceania partner in Australia and New Zealand is Pulse Laser Systems.
Laser Engraving and Cutting
I first visited LTT in Taiwan some 19 years ago to check out their range of Laser Engraving and Cutting Equipment. While I was impressed with the business and products, it was decided to distribute GCC instead of LTT. The reason was I had an established relationship with GCC it was more convenient to work with 1 company. Now that I am no longer selling GCC Laser Engravers it was time to revisit the LTT option. They have come a very long way in the last 19 years. It is interesting to note that the CEO I met 19 years ago is still the same one today. LTT offer great features like engraving speeds of 80 inches per second, ability to work directly from windows programs like Corel Draw, side opening as well as front and rear opening doors and automatic lens focusing, just to name a few. We keep LTT Laser stock in our warehouse. If we don't have your machine in stock a 3 week delivery time is guaranteed. Speak to Gary about a solution to suit your requirements on 1800 077 888. Don't forget to ask about our non expiring warranty service plan.
Laser Metal Marking
Laser marking both Black and Colour has never been easier with the introduction of our fiber marking technology. Call Gary for a demo today on 1800 077 888.
Oree Fiber Metal Cutting Lasers
Pulse Handheld Fiber Welders
Fiber Welder Consumables
Specialty Laser Engravers – Cutters
80W – 400Watt tables available at affordable prices. Custom builds & sizes available.
Co2 Laser extraction systems
Used Laser Equipment
All of our traded in equipment is fully workshop tested and certified before it is offered to market. All machines come with a minimum of 12 months warranty. Call and speak to Gary if you have any questions or you have something to sell.
RotoBoss Rotary Machines
Laser rubber for stamps
If you own a laser engraver then creating rubber stamps can be a profitable edition to your business. We sell quality Rubber stamp material. Low odour is our most popular brand. Call for a free sample and try it out for yourself.
Laser Parts & Accessories
Glass laser tubes
We stock and sell a large range of glass laser tubes including SPT, EFR & Reci Glass Laser tubes. Wattages from 30 up to 500W are available. All tubes have a 1 year replacement warranty. Call us for more details.
Fiber Laser Cutting Consumables
Laser Safety Products
Dont risk your eyes using low cost inferior glasses. Our glasses are designed to protect your eyes from harmfull light generated by laser technology.
Spectrumark Laser Marking Inks
Spectrumark® CM01D is a specially formulated product design to be applied to various metals like stainless steel, brass, copper, titanium, non-anodized aluminum, nickel and other metals. Then you simply laser engrave your artwork with a standard Co2 laser engraver. After laser engraving the metal the excess is wiped off and can be discarded or resused. The mark left is high contrast and permanent. We offer Copper Red and Black colours. Concentrated power is available in various container sizes or we offer the convenient spray can. This product is non carcinogenic and is easy to transport. We guarantee the best price in Australia for these products.
Heves Laser Marking Ink
Laser & Sign Graphics Software
Gary has been providing software solutions since 1992. Gary has been selling and supporting Sign Wizard products from Aries Graphics since 1991 and there are few in the industry who can offer that much experience. Our newest product is Photograv. If you own an LTT Laser Engraver there is no need to purchase a copy as the clever algorithm that gives you enhanced photo results is already part of the driver. For people with non LTT laser engravers you will find this software a most useful tool. It will optimize the images for you ready to output onto wood, granite, glass etc etc. For advice based on 24+ years of experience call Gary on 1800 077 888
Lightburn Software
LightBurn is layout, editing, and control software for your laser cutter. With LightBurn you can: – Import artwork in a variety of common vector graphic and image formats (including AI, PDF, SVG, DXF, PLT, PNG, JPG, GIF, BMP) – Arrange, edit, and even create new vector shapes within the editor, with powerful features like offsetting, boolean operations, welding, and node editing – Apply settings like power, speed, number of passes, cut order, brightness & contrast, dithering mode, and much more – Send the result directly to your laser cutter LightBurn is a native application written for Windows, Mac OS, and Linux.
Education and Training Institutions
For education and training institutions click here
Fix My Laser
Happy Customers
Client Support
About Us
Contact us
Fiber Laser Cutting Consumables
Protective Windows Quartz Fused Silica
Choose a Sizes
25.4mm x 4mm
30mm x 5mm
32mm x 2mm
37mm x 7mm
Clear selection
Qty :
Add to cart
shares :
Related Products
Double Fiber Cutting Nozzles For Oxygen to Suit Precitec/WSX/Raytools
Select options
Fiber Laser Protection Glasses
Select options
32mm Ceramic Isolators with O-ring for Raytools
Add to cart
Single Fiber Cutting Nozzles For Nitrogen to Suit Precitec/WSX/Raytools
Select options


text:
Our own moral character is largely unknown to us. Lots of jerks think they're just swell. Lots of saints and sweethearts suffer from moral self-doubt. But a formulaic inversion of one's moral self-opinion doesn't work either: Moral pride and moral self-condemnation sometimes fit the facts quite well. I conjecture approximately a zero correlation between people's moral self-opinions and their actual moral character.
Moral self-knowledge is an unruly beast that cannot, I think, be trapped and held still for systematic examination, partly because moral self-examination is itself a moral act, tangled up with the very traits under consideration. The jerk will tend toward a biased self-examination; the sweetheart will be biased in a different way; and the conclusions one habitually reaches, on either side, can reinforce or undercut the very traits self-ascribed. "Oh, I'm such a sweetheart, so much nicer than everyone else around me" is not, in most circumstances, a thought that sits very comfortably on its bearer.
The usual method by which we consider our moral character -- trying an adjective on for size, as it were, and asking, "Is that me? Am I trustworthy? Am I kind? Am I gentle?" -- is, as suggested by both informal observation and psychological research, a method of little probative value. Maybe somewhat better is taking an icy look at objective data about yourself or asking for the frank opinion of someone whose judgment you trust -- but both of those approaches are also seriously flawed.
So here's another approach to add to the stock -- an approach that is also flawed, but which deserves attention because its potential power hasn't yet, I think, been widely enough recognized. Look at the faces of the people around you. Central to our moral character is how we tend to view others nearby. The jerk sees himself as surrounded by fools and losers. The sweetheart vividly appreciates the unique talents and virtues of whomever he's with. The avaricious person sees the people around her as a threat to her resources (time, money, but also possibly space in the subway, position in line, praise from her peers). The person obsessed with social position sees people who vary finely in their relative social standing. Or consider: What do you notice about others' physical appearance? This reveals something morally important about you -- something not directly under your control, a kind of psychological tell.
Or so I think it's reasonable to suppose. I'm open to counterevidence, e.g., by experience sampling beeper methods, combined with some plausible related measures of moral character. But psychological science isn't there yet.
Of course you can game it. You can sit around and work yourself into a blissed-out appreciation of all those wonderful people around you, congratulating yourself on your sage-like moral awesomeness. This is a misfire, especially if there's an implicit (or explicit) comparative dimension to your moral self-assessment as you do this. (If only everyone were as good at me at seeing how wonderful everyone is!) Or you can choose to recall situations, or choose to put yourself in situations, disproportionately suggestive of the type of moral character you'd like to see yourself as having.
But I don't think it's inevitable that we game the method. I find it interestingly revealing (and disappointing) to look at strangers in the store or acquaintances at a party, letting my relatively uncensored assessments of them float up as an indication not of anything about them but rather as an indication of something about me, that I view them that way.
You can also notice things post-hoc: You can catch yourself viewing people in the way characteristic of the jerk, or in the way characteristic of the avaricious person, or of the person focused on status or sexual attractiveness.
It needn't always be negative. Sometimes you can congratulate yourself on being the one person in line who seemed to treat the cashier as a person. Sometimes you can feel good about the fact that you find yourself feeling good about the people around you. But I emphasize the negative for two reasons. First, I suspect that non-depressed people -- perhaps, especially, relatively affluent Western men? -- tend to err toward having too high an opinion of their moral character. Second, there's probably something cognitively or morally unstable, as I've gestured at a couple times above, about using this technique primarily for moral self-congratulation.
[Jeanette McMullin King has reminded me of the poem "The Right Kind of People", which fits nicely with this post.]


text:
2 Seater Garden benches are a great addition to any garden. They can be used to create a feature or focal point, where you can sit down, relax and enjoy all that hard work you have put into your garden!
Alternatively a bench can be used to create versatile seating arrangements for your outdoor entertaining areas or garden furniture sets.
We have a wide choice of 2 seater benches, so if would like some assistance then why not call one of our furniture experts - we'll be delighted to help.


text:
Research from scientists at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) shows that the risk for heart attack doubles after starting testosterone therapy for men under age 65 who also have a history of heart disease. The new study, published in the medical journal PLOS ONE, confirmed prior research that revealed the same increased risk for men over 65.
The heightened risk emerged from an analysis of the medical records of 55,593 men prescribed the hormone for medical reasons including low testosterone levels and sexual dysfunction. Popular drugs to treat erectile dysfunction, including Viagra and Cialis, may boost testosterone levels slightly but most of the therapies involve medications such as Androgel, which delivers the hormone via a gel. While it's not clear why testosterone can harm the heart, some studies suggest that it can lower levels of HDL, or good cholesterol, and therefore increase the risk of heart disease.
"The extensive and rapidly increasing use of testosterone treatment and the evidence of risk of heart attack underscore the urgency of further large studies of the risks and the benefits of this treatment," said senior author Sander Greenland, a professor of epidemiology at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health in a statement. "Patients and their physicians should discuss the risk of heart attacks when considering testosterone therapy."


text:
It is 1965 and the US ground war in Vietnam is in full swing. As a US Army commander, wage a counter-insurgency (COIN) war to secure the Ia Drang valley, on the border with Cambodia.
In order to win the Hearts and Minds of the local population you will need to search for and destroy the Vietcong (VC) insurgents, who infiltrate from the Ho Chi Minh trail and destabilize the province by intimidating the locals, laying mines and ambushing your forces.
The insurgents also have a bigger brother, the North Vietnamese Army (NVA). This well trained, conventional army have much wider ambitions than the VC, they want to take total control of the valley, a stepping stone to unifying North Vietnam with the South under communist rule.
The NVA conducts operations from across the border, primarily aimed at supporting the insurgency and launching offensives when the time is right.
To carry out your COIN mission, co-ordination of ground troops, special forces, artillery, mechanized units, training of local forces (ARVN) and airmobile assets is essential, but of greater consequence is winning the support of the local population. With greater co-operation from the local inhabitants comes the reward of intelligence, a key factor in COIN warfare.
The war is not fought in isolation, so as the commander of the US forces, you will have the added complexity of managing the support for the war back home, should you the lose the Hearts and Minds of the American people, the war will also be surely lost.
This is a game that captures the true essence of the Vietnam War, where airmobile operations are paramount, fire support bases play a critical role and air strikes can save the day.
Rise through the ranks and watch your personalized uniform transform from a junior Lieutenant to General as you relive the Vietnam War.
"Enjoying a game that captures the challenges of counter-insurgency operations and the character of the Vietnam War better than any title I can think of".
Rock, Paper, Shotgun March 2014


text:
This article is also available and sold as a booklet.
This sermon series includes the following messages:
The following is an excerpt from The MacArthur New Testament Commentary on Ephesians 6.
Stand firm therefore, having girded your loins with truth, (6:14a)The Roman soldier always wore a tunic, an outer garment that served as his primary clothing. It was usually made of a large, square piece of material with holes cut out for the head and arms. Ordinarily it draped loosely over most of the soldier's body. Since the greatest part of ancient combat was hand–to–hand, a loose tunic was a potential hindrance and even a danger. Before a battle it was therefore carefully cinched up and tucked into the heavy leather belt that girded the soldier's loins.
The ordinary citizen of the Near East had a similar problem with his robe. When he was in a hurry or had heavy work to do, he either took the robe off or tucked it around his waist. As God prepared the children of Israel to eat the Passover meal before they left Egypt, He instructed Moses to tell them, "Now you shall eat it in this manner: with your loins girded, your sandals on your feet, and your staff in your hand; and you shall eat it in haste" (Ex. 12:11). Concerning His second coming, Jesus tells us to "be dressed in readiness" (Luke 12:35), which is literally, "have your loins girded." Peter used the same expression when he said, "Therefore, gird your minds [lit., "gird up the loins of your minds"] for action, keep sober in spirit, fix your hope completely on the grace to be brought to you at the revelation of Jesus Christ" (1 Pet. 1:13). Girding the loins was a mark of preparedness, and the soldier who was serious about fighting was sure to secure his tunic with his belt.
The belt that girded it all securely together and demonstrates the believer's readiness for war is truth. Aletheia (truth) basically refers to the content of that which is true. The content of God's truth is absolutely essential for the believer in his battle against the schemes of Satan. Without knowledge of biblical teaching, he is, as the apostle has already pointed out, subject to being "carried about by every wind of doctrine, by the trickery of men, by craftiness in deceitful scheming" (4:14). In his first letter to Timothy, Paul warns that "the Spirit explicitly says that in later times some will fall away from the faith, paying attention to deceitful spirits and doctrines of demons" (1 Tim. 4:1). The "doctrines of demons" taught by cults and false religions have their origin in the "deceitful spirits" that in Ephesians Paul calls "rulers, … powers, … world forces of this darkness, … [and] spiritual forces of wickedness in the heavenly places" (6:12). These false schemes of Satan can be successfully encountered only with the truth of the Word of God.
But aletheia (truth) can also refer to the attitude of truthfulness. It represents not only the accuracy of specific truths but the quality of truthfulness. That seems to be the primary meaning Paul has in mind here. The Christian is to gird himself in an attitude of total truthfulness. To be girded … with truth therefore shows an attitude of readiness and of genuine commitment. It is the mark of the sincere believer who forsakes hypocrisy and sham. Every encumbrance that might hinder his work for the Lord is gathered and tucked into his belt of truthfulness so that it will be out the way. Just as the serious runner takes off every unnecessary piece of clothing before the race (Heb. 12:1), the serious soldier tucks in every loose piece of clothing before the battle.
How much more important is the Christian's preparedness as he faces the forces of Satan. "No soldier in active service," Paul says, "entangles himself in the affairs of everyday life, so that he may please the one who enlisted him as a soldier" (2 Tim. 2:4). It is sad that so many Christians are content to let the "tunics" of their daily cares and concerns flap in the breeze around them—continually interfering with their faithfulness to the Lord and giving the devil every opportunity to entangle and defeat them with their own immature habits and interests.
I believe that being girded … with truth primarily has to do with the self–discipline of total commitment. It is the committed Christian, just as it is the committed soldier and the committed athlete, who is prepared. Winning in war and in sports is often said to be the direct result of desire that leads to careful preparation and maximum effort. It is the army or the team who wants most to win who is most likely to do so—even against great odds.
Some years ago I was told of a young Jewish man from the United States who decided to go to Israel and live. After working there for two years he was required either to serve in the army for a given period of time or to return home. He decided to join the army. His father was a good friend of an Israeli general, who at first was afraid the young man would use that friendship to secure an easy, safe assignment. Instead, he went to the general and said, "My present duty is too easy. I want to be in the finest, most strategic, diligent, and difficult regiment in the Israeli army." Commenting on that spirit of dedication, the general said, "People think Israelis are so successful at war because we are a super people or that we have super intellect or super strength. But our success is not built on any of those things; it is built on commitment, unreserved and sacrificial commitment."
If athletes so dedicate and discipline themselves in order to possibly win a race and receive "a perishable wreath" from the world, how much more should believers in Jesus Christ dedicate and discipline themselves to absolutely win in their struggle against Satan and receive an "imperishable" wreath from God (1 Cor. 9:25)?
Being girded … with truth is being renewed in the mind, in order to "prove what the will of God is, that which is good and acceptable and perfect" (Rom. 12:2). When the mind is renewed in commitment to God's truth, there is empowerment for the Christian soldier to become "a living and holy sacrifice" that please God and is that believer's "spiritual service of worship" (v. 1). In many ways it is more difficult and more demanding to be a living sacrifice than a dying one. To be burned at the stake for one's faith would be painful, but it would soon be over. To live a lifetime of faithful obedience can also be painful at times, and its demands go on and on. It requires staying power that only continual and total commitment to the Lord can provide. It demands that love "abound still more and more in real knowledge and all discernment, so that [we] may approve the things that are excellent, in order to be sincere and blameless until the day of Christ; having been filled with the fruit of righteousness which comes through Jesus Christ, to the glory and praise of God" (Phil. 1:9–11). Love, knowledge, and understanding of God all need to grow in us. And when those grow, so does our commitment to the Lord for excellence in all things—the ultimate goal of which is "the glory and praise of God."
To be content with mediocrity, lethargy, indifference, and half–heartedness is to fail to be armored with the belt of God's truth and to leave oneself exposed to Satan's schemes.
John Monsell's hymn focuses on the virtue of true commitment: Fight the good fight with all thy might;
Christ is thy strength, and Christ thy right.
Lay hold on life, and it shall be
Thy joy and crown eternally. Run the straight race through God's good grace,
Lift up thine eyes, and seek His face;
Life with its way before thee lies,
Christ is the path, and Christ the prize. Cast care aside, lean on thy Guide;
His boundless mercy will provide;
Trust, and thy trusting soul shall prove
Christ is its life, and Christ its love.


text:
Chet BakerDecember 28th, 2015 Chesney Henry Baker, Jr. Born: Chet Baker Genre: Jazz Years Active: '50s, '60s, '70s, '80s |
Chet BakerBiographyChet Baker was a primary exponent of the West Coast school of cool jazz in the early and mid-'50s. As a trumpeter, he had a generally restrained, intimate playing style and he attracted attention beyond jazz for his photogenic looks and singing. But his career was marred by drug addiction. Baker's father, Chesney Henry Baker,Sr., was a guitarist who was forced to turn to other work during the Depression; his mother, Vera (Moser) Baker, worked in a perfumery. The family moved from Oklahoma to Glendale, CA, in 1940. As a child, Baker sang at amateur competitions and in a church choir. Before his adolescence, his father brought home a trombone for him, then replaced it with a trumpet when the larger instrument proved too much for him. He had his first formal training in music in junior high and later at Glendale High School, but would play largely by ear for the rest of his life. In 1946, when he was only 16 years old, he dropped out of high school and his parents signed papers allowing him to enlist in the army; he was sent to Berlin, Germany, where he played in the 298th Army Band. After his discharge in 1948, he enrolled at El Camino College in Los Angeles, where he studied theory and harmony while playing in jazz clubs, but he quit college in the middle of his second year. He re-enlisted in the army in 1950 and became a member of the Sixth Army Band at the Presidio in San Francisco. But he also began sitting in at clubs in the city and he finally obtained a second discharge to become a professional jazz musician. Baker initially played in Vido Musso's band, then with Stan Getz. (The first recording featuring Baker is a performance of "Out of Nowhere" that comes from a tape of a jam session made on March 24, 1952, and was released on the Fresh Sound Records LP Live at the Trade Winds.) His break came quickly, when, in the spring of 1952, he was chosen at an audition to play a series of West Coast dates with Charlie Parker, making his debut with the famed saxophonist at the Tiffany Club in Los Angeles on May 29, 1952. That summer, he began playing in the Gerry Mulligan Quartet, a group featuring only baritone sax, trumpet, bass, and drums -- no piano -- that attracted attention during an engagement at the Haig nightclub and through recordings on the newly formed Pacific Jazz Records (later known as World Pacific Records), beginning with the 10" LP Gerry Mulligan Quartet, which featured Baker's famous rendition of "My Funny Valentine." The Gerry Mulligan Quartet lasted for less than a year, folding when its leader went to jail on a drug charge in June 1953. Baker went solo, forming his own quartet, which initially featured Russ Freeman on piano, Red Mitchell on bass, and Bobby White on drums, and making his first recording as leader for Pacific Jazz on July 24, 1953. Baker was hailed by fans and critics and he won a number of polls in the next few years. In 1954, Pacific Jazz released Chet Baker Sings, an album that increased his popularity but alienated traditional jazz fans; he would continue to sing for the rest of his career. Acknowledging his chiseled good looks, nearby Hollywood came calling and he made his acting debut in the film Hell's Horizon, released in the fall of 1955. But he declined an offer of a studio contract and toured Europe from September 1955 to April 1956. When he returned to the U.S., he formed a quintet that featured saxophonist Phil Urso and pianist Bobby Timmons. Contrary to his reputation for relaxed, laid-back playing, Baker turned to more of a bop style with this group, which recorded the album Chet Baker & Crew for Pacific Jazz in July 1956. Baker toured the U.S. in February 1957 with the Birdland All-Stars and took a group to Europe later that year. He returned to Europe to stay in 1959, settling in Italy, where he acted in the film Urlatori Alla Sbarra. Hollywood, meanwhile, had not entirely given up on him, at least as a source of inspiration, and in 1960, a fictionalized film biography of his life, All the Fine Young Cannibals, appeared with Robert Wagner in the starring role of Chad Bixby. Baker had become addicted to heroin in the 1950s and had been incarcerated briefly on several occasions, but his drug habit only began to interfere with his career significantly in the 1960s. He was arrested in Italy in the summer of 1960 and spent almost a year and a half in jail. He celebrated his release by recording Chet Is Back! for RCA in February 1962. (It has since been reissued as The Italian Sessions and as Somewhere Over the Rainbow.) Later in the year, he was arrested in West Germany and expelled to Switzerland, then France, later moving to England in August 1962 to appear as himself in the film The Stolen Hours, which was released in 1963. He was deported from England to France because of a drug offense in March 1963. He lived in Paris and performed there and in Spain over the next year, but after being arrested again in West Germany, he was deported back to the U.S. He returned to America after five years in Europe on March 3, 1964, and played primarily in New York and Los Angeles during the mid-'60s, having switched temporarily from trumpet to flügelhorn. In the summer of 1966, he suffered a severe beating in San Francisco that was related to his drug addiction. The incident is usually misdated and frequently exaggerated in accounts of his life, often due to his own unreliable testimony. It is said, for example, that all his teeth were knocked out, which is not the case, though one tooth was broken and the general deterioration of his teeth led to his being fitted with dentures in the late '60s, forcing him to retrain his embouchure. The beating was not the cause of the decline in his career during this period, but it is emblematic of that decline. By the end of the '60s, he was recording and performing only infrequently and he stopped playing completely in the early '70s. Regaining some control over his life by taking methadone to control his heroin addiction (though he remained an addict), Baker eventually mounted a comeback that culminated in a prominent New York club engagement in November 1973 and a reunion concert with Gerry Mulligan at Carnegie Hall in November 1974 that was recorded and released by Epic Records. By the mid-'70s, Baker was able to return to Europe and he spent the rest of his life performing there primarily, with occasional trips to Japan and periods back in the U.S., though he had no permanent residence. He attracted the attention of rock musicians, with whom he occasionally performed, for example adding trumpet to Elvis Costello's recording of his anti-Falklands War song "Shipbuilding" in 1983. In 1987, photographer and filmmaker Bruce Weber undertook a documentary film about Baker. The following year, Baker died in a fall from a hotel window in Amsterdam after taking heroin and cocaine. Weber's film, Let's Get Lost, premiered in September 1988 to critical acclaim and earned an Academy Award nomination. In 1997, Baker's unfinished autobiography was published under the title As Though I Had Wings: The Lost Memoir and the book was optioned by Miramax for a film adaptation. Baker's drug addiction caused him to lead a disorganized and peripatetic life, his constant need for cash requiring him to accept many ill-advised recording offers, while his undependability prevented him from making long-term commitments to record labels. As a result, his discography is extensive and wildly uneven. ~ William Ruhlmann
"Thanks for visiting 1NetCentral's Music Search page. We make every effort to help you connect with new and interesting music. This section updated weekly. We work in association with iTunes, Amazon and other quality merchants to provide you with great content and a fun, safe web surfing experience. Come back again, soon! In case you didn't see all we have to offer, visit some of the links below.
Music Pages:
Music Categories | Albums | Top Songs | Music Videos | Top Artists | Top of the Charts | Terms of Use | Privacy | Music Home Page
Copyright © 2015 Music Search at 1NetCentral.com - All rights reserved. Content RSS |


text:
Get Cash Back and $0 Commissions
+ The Power of TradeStation
ACCESSWIRE 20-Nov-2023 4:07 PM
TORONTO, ON / ACCESSWIRE / November 20, 2023 / Edesa Biotech, Inc. (NASDAQ:EDSA), a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on inflammatory and immune-related diseases, today announced favorable final results from a Phase 2b dose-ranging clinical study of the company's drug candidate, EB01 (daniluromer), as a monotherapy for moderate-to-severe chronic Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD).
Edesa reported that final data confirmed previous topline findings that 1.0% EB01 cream demonstrated statistically significant improvement over placebo. For the primary endpoint, patients with 1.0% EB01-treated lesions demonstrated a 60% average improvement in symptoms from baseline at day 29 on the Contact Dermatitis Severity Index (CDSI) versus 40% for placebo/vehicle (p=0.027). For the ISGA secondary efficacy endpoint, 53% of patients with 1.0% EB01-treated lesions achieved a score of "clear" or "almost clear" with at least a 2-point improvement from baseline after treatment at day 29 (p=0.048). Only 29% of patients in the placebo group reached the same endpoint. For other dose formulations, no material changes to previously reported topline efficacy results were identified. No serious treatment-related adverse events were reported across all dose formulations.
In addition, analysis of the full dataset demonstrated that patients receiving 1.0% EB01 (daniluromer) experienced improvement across each component symptom of the CDSI score, including redness (50% reduction for EB01 vs. 35.4% placebo; p=0.17), pruritis/itching (60.5% reduction for EB01 vs. 41.3% placebo; p=0.06), fissures (63.1% reduction for EB01 vs. 44.3% placebo; p=0.02), scaling (58.3% reduction for EB01 vs. 42.9% placebo; p=0.36), and dryness (62.9% reduction for EB01 vs. 35.9% placebo; p=0.02). The final data also demonstrated that the Body Surface Area (BSA) of 1.0% EB01-treated lesions was reduced by 42.1% on average at day 29 compared to a 8.8% reduction for placebo/vehicle (p=0.054).
"We are thrilled to announce the positive final clinical study results for 1.0% EB01 cream, which not only confirm our previous data but also provided important new insights into the efficacy of our first-in-class drug candidate," said Par Nijhawan, MD, Chief Executive Officer of Edesa Biotech. "This significant milestone puts us in position to advance potential partnership discussions and ultimately brings us one step closer to delivering potentially life-changing solutions to patients with moderate to severe, chronic allergic contact dermatitis."
About the Phase 2b Study
Edesa's double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 2b trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of EB01 (daniluromer) in approximately 200 subjects, who were treated for 28 days with either EB01 cream (2.0%, 1.0% or 0.2%) or a placebo/vehicle cream. The primary efficacy outcome measurement was the mean percent improvement in symptoms from baseline at day 29 on the Contact Dermatitis Severity Index (CDSI). A key secondary efficacy measurement was the success rate of subjects achieving a score of "clear" or "almost clear" with at least a 2-point improvement from baseline after treatment at day 29 on the Investigator's Static Global Assessment (ISGA) scale.
About Daniluromer
Daniluromer is a first-in-class, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compound that inhibits secretory phospholipase 2 (sPLA2) pro-inflammatory enzymes. The sPLA2 enzyme family plays a key role in initiating inflammation associated with numerous diseases. By targeting sPLA2 with enzyme inhibitors - at the inception of inflammation rather than after inflammation has occurred - Edesa believes that drugs based on this technology could provide a powerful anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategy for treating diverse inflammatory/allergic conditions. EB01 (topical daniluromer) has demonstrated efficacy for the treatment of ACD in two previous clinical trials, and has demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity in a variety of in vitro and in vivo preclinical pharmacology models.
About Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Contact dermatitis, which can be either irritant contact dermatitis or ACD (sometimes called allergic contact eczema), is one of the most common occupational health illnesses in the United States. The disease has been estimated to cost up to $2 billion annually in the U.S. as a result of lost work, reduced productivity, medical care and disability payments. The condition is caused by an allergen interacting with skin, usually on the hands and face. Inflammation can vary from irritation and redness to open sores, and in many chronic cases, the causative allergen is unknown or difficult to avoid. Approximately 3,000 substances are recognized as contact allergens.
About Edesa Biotech, Inc.
Edesa Biotech, Inc. (NASDAQ:EDSA) is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developing innovative ways to treat inflammatory and immune-related diseases. The company's most advanced drug candidate is EB05 (paridiprubart), a monoclonal antibody developed for acute and chronic disease indications that involve dysregulated innate immune responses. Edesa is currently evaluating EB05 in a Phase 3 study as a potential treatment for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), a life-threatening form of respiratory failure. In addition, Edesa is developing an sPLA2 inhibitor, EB01 (daniluromer), as a topical treatment for chronic Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD), a common occupational skin condition. The company has also received regulatory approval to conduct a Phase 2 trial of its EB06 monoclonal antibody as a treatment for vitiligo, a life-altering autoimmune disease that causes skin to lose its color in patches. Edesa is also planning to file an investigational new drug application for a future Phase 2 study of paridiprubart for systemic sclerosis (scleroderma), an autoimmune rheumatic disorder that causes fibrosis, (scarring/hardening) of skin and internal organs such as the lungs, heart and kidneys. Sign up for news alerts. Connect with us on X (Twitter) and LinkedIn.
Edesa Forward-Looking Statements
This press release may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of words such as "anticipate," "believe," "plan," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "may," "will," "would," "could," "should," "might," "potential," or "continue" and variations or similar expressions, including statements related to: the company's determination that the final Phase 2b study data not only confirmed previous topline data but also provided important new insights into the efficacy of its first-in-class drug candidate; the company's belief that the final study report and data represent a significant milestone; the company's belief that final Phase 2b data puts the company in position to advance potential partnership discussions and ultimately brings Edesa one step closer to delivering potentially life-changing solutions to patients with moderate to severe, chronic allergic contact dermatitis; and the company's timing and plans regarding its clinical studies in general. Readers should not unduly rely on these forward-looking statements, which are not a guarantee of future performance. There can be no assurance that forward-looking statements will prove to be accurate, as all such forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause actual results or future events to differ materially from the forward-looking statements. Such risks include: the ability of Edesa to obtain regulatory approval for or successfully commercialize any of its product candidates, the risk that access to sufficient capital to fund Edesa's operations may not be available or may be available on terms that are not commercially favorable to Edesa, the risk that Edesa's product candidates may not be effective against the diseases tested in its clinical trials, the risk that Edesa fails to comply with the terms of license agreements with third parties and as a result loses the right to use key intellectual property in its business, Edesa's ability to protect its intellectual property, the timing and success of submission, acceptance and approval of regulatory filings, and the impacts of public health crises. Many of these factors that will determine actual results are beyond the company's ability to control or predict. For a discussion of further risks and uncertainties related to Edesa's business, please refer to Edesa's public company reports filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and the British Columbia Securities Commission. All forward-looking statements are made as of the date hereof and are subject to change. Except as required by law, Edesa assumes no obligation to update such statements.
Gary Koppenjan
Edesa Biotech, Inc.
(289) 800-9600
SOURCE: Edesa Biotech


text:
Crown of Endless Elegance Ring
Elevate your beauty with the affordable luxury of exclusive collection jewelry. Discover the allure of our Gold-Plated Designer Series Jewelry – delicate, yet captivating adornments that redefine elegance and affordability. Our jewelry is crafted to enhance your natural charm and elevate your style effortlessly. Dare to indulge in affordable luxury. Own the look you deserve.
Natural brilliance: Stones are entirely natural Zircon.
Enhanced sparkle: Diamond-cutting techniques amplify their brilliance.
Secure setting: Stones placed with prongs for a secure hold, no adhesive.
Radiant finish: Jewelry plated with three layers of authentic 18K (750) white gold.
Protection layers: Rhodium protective layer in between, the innermost layer is 925 silver.
Exclusive designs: Unique designs from our Exclusive Collections.
Premium jewelry box: Included.
Handcrafted: Meticulously crafted by hand, available in limited editions.
Our jewelry is crafted with great care and attention to quality, we want to be transparent and inform you that we do not offer warranties on our pieces. Our jewelry-care team carefully inspects each item before delivery to ensure it's in top condition. Please note that colours may vary slightly from screen to reality due to device settings and individual colour perception. We advise against placing an order if you are a perfectionist.
Follow our exclusive Jewelry Care Tips (come together with your order), and you'll not only preserve their dazzling shine but also make a lasting impression wherever you go. Goods sold are not returnable and refundable.


text:
As mentioned in the first section of Lesson 2, our eyes are sensitive to a very narrow band of frequencies within the enormous range of frequencies of the electromagnetic spectrum. This narrow band of frequencies is referred to as the visible light spectrum. Visible light – that which is detectable by the human eye – consists of wavelengths ranging from approximately 780 nanometer (7.80 x 10-7 m) down to 390 nanometer (3.90 x 10-7 m). Specific wavelengths within the spectrum correspond to a specific color based upon how humans typically perceive light of that wavelength. The long wavelength end of the spectrum corresponds to light that is perceived by humans to be red and the short wavelength end of the spectrum corresponds to light that is perceived to be violet. Other colors within the spectrum include orange, yellow, green and blue. The graphic below depicts the approximate range of wavelengths that are associated with the various perceived colors within the spectrum.
Color Cones
Color can be thought of as a psychological and physiological response to light waves of a specific frequency or set of frequencies impinging upon the eye. An understanding of the human response to color demands that one understand the biology of the eye. Light that enters the eye through the pupil ultimately strikes the inside surface of the eye known as the retina. The retina is lined with a variety of light sensing cells known as rods and cones. While the rods on the retina are sensitive to the intensity of light, they cannot distinguish between lights of different wavelengths. On the other hand, the cones are the color-sensing cells of the retina. When light of a given wavelength enters the eye and strikes the cones of the retina, a chemical reaction is activated that results in an electrical impulse being sent along nerves to the brain. It is believed that there are three kinds of cones, each sensitive to its own range of wavelengths within the visible light spectrum. These three kinds of cones are referred to as red cones, green cones, and blue cones because of their respective sensitivity to the wavelengths of light that are associated with red, green and blue. Since the red cone is sensitive to a range of wavelengths, it is not only activated by wavelengths of red light, but also (to a lesser extent) by wavelengths of orange light, yellow light and even green light. In the same manner, the green cone is most sensitive to wavelengths of light associated with the color green. Yet the green cone can also be activated by wavelengths of light associated with the colors yellow and blue. The graphic below is a sensitivity curve that depicts the range of wavelengths and the sensitivity level for the three kinds of cones.
The cone sensitivity curve shown above helps us to better understand our response to the light that is incident upon the retina. While the response is activated by the physics of light waves, the response itself is both physiological and psychological. Suppose that white light – i.e., light consisting of the full range of wavelengths within the visible light spectrum – is incident upon the retina. Upon striking the retina, thephysiological occurs: photochemical reactions occur within the cones to produce electrical impulses that are sent along nerves to the brain. The cones respond to the incident light by sending a message forward to brain, saying, "Light is hitting me." Upon reaching the brain, the psychological occurs: the brain detects the electrical messages being sent by the cones and interprets the meaning of the messages. The brain responds by saying "it is white." For the case of white light entering the eye and striking the retina, each of the three kinds of cones would be activated into sending the electrical messages along to the brain. And the brain recognizes that the messages are being sent by all three cones and somehow interprets this to mean that white light has entered the eye.
Now suppose that light in the yellow range of wavelengths (approximately 577 nm to 597 nm) enters the eye and strikes the retina. Light with these wavelengths would activate both the green and the red cones of the retina. Upon striking the retina, the physiological occurs: electrical messages are sent by both the red and the green cones to the brain. Once received by the brain, the psychological occurs: the brain recognizes that the light has activated both the red and the green cones and somehow interprets this to mean that the object is yellow. In this sense, the yellow appearance of objects is simply the result of yellow light from the object entering our eye and stimulating the red and the green cones simultaneously.
If the appearance of yellow is perceived of an object when it activates the red and the green cones simultaneously, then what appearance would result if two overlapping red and green spotlights entered our eye? Using the same three-cone theory, we could make some predictions of the result. Red light entering our eye would mostly activate the red color cone; and green light entering our eye would mostly activate the green color cone. Each cone would send their usual electrical messages to the brain. If the brain has been psychologically trained to interpret these two signals to mean "yellow", then the brain would perceive the overlapping red and green spotlights to appear as yellow. To the eye-brain system, there is no difference in the physiological and psychological response to yellow light and a mixing of red and green light. The brain has no means of distinguishing between the two physical situations.
In a technical sense, it is really not appropriate to refer to light as being colored. Light is simply a wave with a specific wavelength or a mixture of wavelengths; it has no color in and of itself. An object that is emitting or reflecting light to our eye appears to have a specific color as the result of the eye-brain response to thewavelength. So technically, there is really no such thing as yellow light. Rather, there is light with a wavelength of about 590 nm that appears yellow. And there is also light with a mixture of wavelengths of about 700 nm and 530 nm that together appears yellow. The yellow appearance of these two clearly different light sources can be traced to the physiological and psychological response of the eye-brain system, and not to the light itself. So to be technically appropriate, a person would refer to "yellow light" as "light that creates a yellow appearance." Yet, to maintain a larger collection of friendships, a person would refer to "yellow light" as "yellow light."
In the next several sections of Lesson 2, we will explore these concepts further by introducing three primary colors of light and generating some simple rules for predicting the color appearance of objects in terms of the three primary colors.