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New Car/Review
GMC Envoy 4WD (2002)
SEE ALSO: GMC Buyer's Guide
by Carey Russ
Although many new sport-utility vehicles are built with car- like unit construction, and based on car or minivan platforms, there is still a demand for more traditional, body-on-frame SUVs. The unit-construction "crossover" vehicles may have some advantages over a body-on-frame truck in lighter weight and a stiffer structure, for more car-like ride and handling qualities, but a body-on-frame truck can be just as comfortable if it is designed correctly. Case in point: the 2002 GMC Envoy.
"New" really does describe the 2002 Envoy, as, compared to the previous Jimmy-based model, it has a new chassis, new body structure, newly-designed suspension, and, most importantly, a remarkable new engine, a smooth, powerful, high-tech aluminum alloy inline six instead of the more common V6 usually found in today's cars and trucks. If the 2002 Envoy is larger and roomier than the previous model, it's still small enough to park easily in the crowded urban parking situations that are likely to be its natural habitat. And, unlike most crossovers, it is available with real low- range four-wheel drive for those times when nothing else will get you out of slippery trouble.
I've been driving a new 4WD Envoy for the past week and have been very impressed. It has the ride quality of a luxury car, and makes great use of its larger interior space. The 4.2-liter, 270- horsepower engine is most impressive. It's smooth, quiet, and powerful enough to be at home in a sports car, not just a sport- utility.
APPEARANCE: The second-generation Envoy is noticeably larger than its predecessor, but not too large to park easily. Although it has the classic two-box SUV shape, luxury car styling cues abound. No massive chromed truck bumpers here, the Envoy's bumpers are covered with body-colored plastic just like a car, and have inset foglamps in front and backup lights at the rear. Complex headlights with washer nozzles are common on luxury cars, but not on trucks. The blistered fenders are similar to those of some sports cars of the past. The rounded-trapezoid GMC grille is integrated into the hood bulge for a powerful look.
COMFORT: The 2002 Envoy utilizes its larger size with significantly increased interior space. To its good-visibility SUV high seating position it adds all of the contemporary interior styling cues of a luxury car at its price point, such as woodgrain paneling, metal bezels around the instruments, metal-look accents on the air conditioning vents, and leather seating and steering wheel covering. The well-designed power front buckets have integrated shoulder strap mountings for comfort and safety, and the rear bench has remarkable leg and head room. It's split 60/40, and both flips and folds for a good-sized cargo floor when necessary. A large locking glovebox, console box partitioned for CDs and cassettes, and a hidden compartment under the cargo floor add convenient storage. The spare tire is underneath, pickup-style, further increasing interior space.
SAFETY: The 1001 GMC Envoy has dual front and front side airbags and four-wheel vented antilock disc brakes. A one-year subscription to the OnStar security and communications system is standard.
ROADABILITY: Although it is a body-on-frame truck with a double-wishbone independent front suspension and solid rear axle, the GMC Envoy feels more like a luxury car than a truck. The ride is smooth and quiet, even at highway speed over poor surfaces. Rear suspension response with a heavy solid axle can be slow, reducing handling responsiveness and comfort. The Envoy's five- link rear axle location system virtually eliminates any negative solid axle characteristics. Because of its extremely rigid chassis, with hydroformed side rails, and a rigid body structure, the Envoy's spring rates are soft, for comfort. Bilstein(r) shock absorbers control body motion well. The four-wheel drive Envoy has a push- button multimode four-wheel drive system that includes rear-only, automatic all-wheel drive, and four-high and four-low modes.
PERFORMANCE: An aluminum alloy, dual overhead cam, 24- valve inline six-cylinder engine with variable valve timing and electronic throttle control - in specification, the Envoy's 4.2-liter engine would seem more at home in a German sports sedan than an American sport-utility vehicle. But, it works just fine here. Its maximum 270 horsepower at 6000 rpm is greater than that of some V8-powered competitors, and 90 percent of its peak 275 lb-ft of torque is available from 1600 to 5600 rpm - the most commonly- used engine speeds. Result: instant power for acceleration or passing. Like all inline sixes, it is very smooth, and its four-speed automatic transmission enhances the engine's performance. Despite its greater power than the V6 used in last year's Envoy and Jimmy, it is more economical, with an EPA rating of 15 mpg city, 21 highway.
CONCLUSIONS: The 2002 GMC Envoy is a thoroughly modern sport-utility.
SPECIFICATIONS 2002 GMC Envoy 4WD Base Price $ 33,820 Price As Tested $ 36,440 Engine Type 24-valve dual overhead cam inline 6- cylinder Engine Size 4.2 liters / 256 cu. in. Horsepower 270 @ 6000 rpm Torque (lb-ft) 275 @ 3600 rpm Transmission 4-speed electronically-controlled automatic Wheelbase / Length 113.0 in. / 191.5 in. Curb Weight 4628 lbs. Pounds Per Horsepower 17.1 Fuel Capacity 18.7 gal. Fuel Requirement unleaded regular gasoline, 87 octane Tires P245/65 SR17 Michelin Cross Terrain m+s Brakes, front/rear vented disc / vented disc, antilock standard Suspension, front/rear independent double A-arm with coil springs / solid axle with 5-link location, coil springs Drivetrain front engine, on-demand multi-mode 4-wheel drive PERFORMANCE EPA Fuel Economy - miles per gallon city / highway / observed 15 / 21 / 15 0 to 60 mph est 8.5 sec OPTIONS AND CHARGES SLT Enhanced Package - includes: AM/FM/cassette/CD stereo, content theft alarm, heated front seats $ 400 Power sunroof $ 800 Bose premium sound system $ 495 Running boards $ 325 Destination charge $ 600


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This is why we love our Apple Green PLA+ Filament.
PLA is the most popular and affordable material used in 3D printing. Due to its plant-based components, it is an eco-friendly thermoplastic. You will notice a glossy type finishing to your 3D printed project. PLA+ filament is easy to use. It is also considered to go-to 3D printing filament for household prints. Our PLA is odorless.
PLA bio-plastic enables products to be produced with high bio-based content and a reduced carbon footprint. Our PLA+ offers a 75% reduction in carbon footprint compared to most traditional fossil-based plastics. PLA filament is produced from renewable feedstocks like sugarcane, corn, sugar beet, and cassava.
PLA is a great first material to use as you are learning about 3D printing because it is easy to print, very inexpensive, and creates parts that can be used for a wide variety of applications.
Apple Green PLA+ Filament Tips:
- Using a fan that cools the 3D-printed part from all directions is highly recommended. To improve the cooling airflow, there are many popular 3D printers that have community-designed attachments that can be printed and retrofitted onto your machine.
- To create strong parts that are less likely to break, increase the number of perimeter outlines for your PLA filament prints, which will create a strong bond between each layer.
PLA Filament Applications & Uses
PLA+ filament properties make it suitable for the manufacture of bottles, plastic film, and biodegradable medical devices, such as screws, pins, plates, and rods. These applications should be designed to biodegrade within 6 to 12 months.
There are exceptions when the material it's not exposed to environmental factors. For example, with no extra heat and standard water, PLA should last decades in water. PLA filament requires special conditions to break down or degrade. However, many people use PLA in aquariums, bathtubs, or pools without problems.
In this case, Apple Green PLA+ Filament does not break down completely unless the water temperature is sustained above 50°C with the presence of particular enzymes for a biological reaction. This process could have a duration of about 6 months for it to decompose.
Also, PLA filament can be used as a shrink-wrap material since it constricts under heat. This is why we wouldn't recommend printing a plastic cup or coffee mag that would contain hot liquids.

subset: commoncrawl


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A compact lock for convenient, always-at-the-ready theft deterrence. The unique design keeps the cable wrapped in a discreet case that's easy to carry on any ride.
- Retractable cable lock coils up inside body for tidy storage
- Unique design makes it easy to carry on any ride
- Offers simple, easy theft-deterrence


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Search for Junkyards in Kansas and millions of used auto parts, used car parts, and auto salvage parts instantly on our auto salvage network.
We have many Junkyards in Kentucky. In this place, you will find all the scrap yards for cars or vans at your disposal in the surroundings of Kentucky. We deliver the complete used auto parts you might need.
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Using used auto parts can help you save money and the environment. There are so many Auto salvage yards in Kentucky. These places sell used parts. It is a good idea to check if the used part is compatible with the vehicle's VIN. You can also check the sellers' location and ask for a shipping quote. If you can't find your part in a junkyard.
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Finding the best auto Junkyard in Kentucky can be a daunting task. Thankfully, there are a number of options available. Here are four tips to help you find the perfect place to dispose of your car. These yards sell both new and used parts, and they stock a variety of spare parts to keep your car running. Once you've found a Junkyard you're happy with, visit the location in person or online to get a quote on shipping.
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Seymour as Evil
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The scene behind Seymour includes the figures of vice-presidential nominee Frank Blair, Lincoln assassin John Wilkes Booth, and lynched blacks. The landscape behind Columbia includes the Capitol building, a statue of Lincoln, and a Union war memorial. The captions contrast the pacific plea of Republican presidential nominee Ulysses S. Grant with the vitriolic statements of Democratic vice-presidential nominee Blair and Zebulon Vance, former Confederate governor of North Carolina.
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In the heart of the crisis, the workers of Vio.Me. are aiming for the heart of exploitation and property.
With unemployment climbing to 30%, workers' income reaching zero, sick and tired of big words, promises and more taxes, unpaid since May 2011 and currently withholding their labour, with the factory abandoned by the employers, the workers of Vio.Me. by decision of their general assembly declare their determination not to fall prey to a condition of perpetual unemployment, but instead to struggle to take the factory in their own hands and operate it themselves. Through a formal proposal dating from October 2011 they have been claiming the establishment of a workers' cooperative under full workers' control, demanding legal recognition for their own workers' cooperative, as well as for all the others to follow. At the same time they have been demanding the money required to put the factory in operation, money that in any case belongs to them, as they are the ones who produce the wealth of society. The plan that was drawn up met with the indifference of the state and of trade union bureaucracies. But it was received with great enthusiasm by the world of the social movements, which, through the creation of the Open Initiative of Solidarity in Thessaloniki and afterwards with similar initiatives in many other cities, have been struggling for the past 6 months to spread the message of Vio.Me across society.
Now it's time for worker´s control of Vio.Me.!
The workers cannot wait any longer for the bankrupt state to fulfil its gratuitous promises of support (even the 1000-euro emergency aid promised by the Ministry of Labour was never approved by the Minister of Finance). It's time to see the Vio.Me. factory –as well as any other factory that is closing down, going bankrupt or laying off its workers- reopened but its workers, and not by its old or new bosses. The struggle should not be limited to Vio.Me., in order for it to be victorious it should be generalized and spread to all the factories and businesses that are closing down, because only through a network of self-managed factories will Vio.Me be able to thrive and light the way towards a different organisation of production and the economy, with no exploitation, inequality or hierarchy.
When factories are closing down one after another, the number of the unemployed in Greece is approaching 2 million and the vast majority of the population is condemned to poverty and misery by the governing coalition of PASOK-ND-DIMAR, which continues the policies of the preceding governments, the demand to operate the factories under workers' control is the only reasonable response to the disaster that we experience every day, the only answer to unemployment; for that reason, the struggle of Vio.Me. is everyone's struggle.
We urge all workers, the unemployed and all those who are affected by the crisis to stand by the workers of Vio.Me and support them in their effort to put in practice the belief that workers can make it without bosses! We call them to participate in a nationwide Struggle and Solidarity Caravan culminating in three days of struggle in Thessaloniki. We urge them to take up the struggle and organize their own fights within their working places, with direct democratic procedures, without bureaucrats. To participate in a general political strike in order to oust those who destroy our lives!
It's Vio.Me.'s time. Let's get to work!
Paving the way for workers' self-management everywhere!
Paving the way for a society without bosses!


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A new paper suggests that dopamine release is increased in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and may be normalized by the therapeutic application of deep brain stimulation (DBS). The authors of the paper in Biological Psychiatry
characterize dopamine as the 'elixir of pleasure' because so many rewarding stimuli – food, drugs, sex, exercise – are correlated to its release in the brain.
Yet research also indicates that when drug use becomes compulsive, the related dopamine release becomes deficient in the striatum, a brain region that is involved in reward and behavioral control.
To conduct the study, the authors from
the Academic Medical Center in Amsterdam
recruited clinically stable outpatients with OCD who had been receiving DBS therapy for greater than one year. The patients then underwent three single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) imaging scans to measure dopamine availability in the brain.
In order to evaluate the effect of DBS, these scans were conducted during chronic DBS, 8 days after DBS had been discontinued, and then after DBS was resumed. Designing the study in this manner also allowed the researchers to measure the relationship between dopamine availability and symptoms.
During the chronic DBS phase, patients showed increased striatal dopamine release compared to healthy volunteers. When DBS was turned off, patients showed worsening of symptoms and reduced dopamine release, which was reversed within one hour by the resumption of DBS. This observation suggests that enhancing striatal dopamine signaling may have some therapeutic effects for treatment-resistant symptoms of OCD.
First author Dr. Martijn Figee further explained, "DBS of the nucleus accumbens decreased central dopamine D2 receptor binding potential indicative of DBS-induced dopamine release. As dopamine is important for reward-motivated behaviors, these changes may explain why DBS is able to restore healthy behavior in patients suffering from OCD, but potentially other disorders involving compulsive behaviors, such as eating disorders or addiction."
The patients selected for participation in this study had previously been non-responsive to traditional pharmacological therapies that target the dopamine system. These findings suggest that the effectiveness of DBS for OCD may be related to its ability to compensate for an underlying dysfunction of the dopaminergic system. The DBS-related stimulatory increase in dopamine appears to aid patients by improving their control over obsessive-compulsive behaviors.


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In his second inaugural address, U.S. President Barack Obama pledged to make the United States a beacon for the world by recommitting the country to its ideals of equality. He also made history by saying those ideals demand marriage rights for same-sex couples just as they have demanded equal citizenship for women and African Americans.
But even if the Supreme Court or lawmakers soon agree with Obama's words — "for if we are truly created equal, then surely the love we commit to one another must be equal as well" — the United States will be a latecomer to advancing marriage rights. The world's leaders on this issue are not just from places Americans might expect — Western Europe or Canada — but many countries in our own hemisphere; places not usually known for progressivism on social issues. While Obama was undergoing his "evolution" on marriage rights, there has been a gay rights revolution that has stretched from Tierra del Fuego to the Rio Grande.
One dramatic illustration: When a broad coalition of human-rights activists brought a gay rights charter to the United Nations in 2007, the push was led not by the likes of Sweden or the Netherlands, but by Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil. Same-sex marriage was not legal in any of these countries then, but a lot has changed in the years since.
In 2010, Argentina's congress approved an "Equal Marriage" law, the same year same-sex marriage also became legal in Mexico City. A year later, Brazil's supreme court ruled same-sex couples were entitled to partnership rights through a kind of domestic partnership status, and some states — including the largest, São Paulo — are now performing full marriages for same-sex couples. The lower house of Uruguay's legislature voted in December 2012 to legalize same-sex marriage nationwide, and its senate is widely expected to pass the law when it votes in April.
There were also several LGBT rights victories on issues beyond marriage.
Though Bolivia's 2009 constitution bans same-sex marriage, it also bans discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity. Chile, one of South America's most conservative countries, passed a non-discrimination bill in 2012 and elected its first openly gay politician. And the government of Argentine President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner built on its passage of the marriage law to enact the world's broadest legal protections for transgender people last year.
This is not to say that all of Latin America is a gay-rights paradise. Laws throughout Central America, where there is an especially strong evangelical movement, remain particularly hostile, as they do in Peru, where the mayor of Lima faced a bruising recall effort thanks in part to her attempts to pass an ordinance banning discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. And many gay people remain closeted or face serious threats of hate crimes even in countries where the laws are very progressive — in many places, the right to be safe is far more important than the right to marry.
But the rapid advance of same-sex partnership rights is striking, especially considering that it was only a few years ago that these governments were fighting with the Catholic Church to legalize divorce.
The specific reasons these gains have been possible differ in each country. But a major factor in all of them is that LGBT activists have managed to link their cause to broader efforts to shore up human-rights protections in countries still coping with the legacies of anti-democratic regimes that fell in the late 20th century. Additionally, the courts have embraced their role as defenders of human rights and measure themselves against international standards.
Take the case of Colombia. In 2011, the Constitutional Court ruled that same-sex couples must be considered a "family" under the law. It ordered the congress to pass a law equalizing the rights of same-sex couples within two years. As a backstop against congressional inaction, the ruling also said that notaries and judges could automatically begin solemnizing same-sex unions by June 20, 2013, with or without Congress's blessing.
This ruling was not perfect in the eyes of Colombian LGBT advocates — the court stopped short of saying these protections must be called "marriage," leaving that up to the legislature to decide. But it spelled out that fundamental legal protections are at stake and put momentum on the side of marriage advocates.
Colombian law demands this level of protection be extended to same-sex couples, the court wrote in its decision, to protect gays and lesbians' fundamental rights "to personal development, autonomy and self-determination, [and] equality."
The ruling came despite strong pressure from the Catholic Church, which is continuing to lobby against same-sex marriage in the Colombian congress. A bill to legalize same-sex marriage cleared a preliminary vote in the Senate in December, but even the bill's sponsor, Senator Armando Benedetti, is pessimistic about its chances in the house of representatives.
"In the House we confront a problem," Benedetti told me in a November interview in his Bogotá office. "That is the [influence of] the Catholic religion, which always puts its principles above the rights of minorities."
That's why the court is so important, he continued, expressing confidence that the court would clarify its support for same-sex marriages once they begin being performed in June of 2013. "The Constitutional Court, if we're going to speak very seriously, has always been in favor of the disadvantaged, of minorities, of the poor," said Benedetti.
Latin America's marriage movement has been helped by the fact that most countries' courts take international jurisprudence far more seriously than do courts in the United States. Human rights law takes an especially international perspective, since almost every country in Latin America is under the jurisdiction of two human rights bodies within the Organization of American States, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, charged with investigating violations of the American Convention on Human Rights, and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, which adjudicates violations on the recommendation of the Commission. Though the United States, Canada, and a handful of Caribbean nations do not recognize the court's jurisdiction, most of Latin America does.
LGBT rights have been a special priority for the Inter-American Commission since 2011, when it established a special unit dedicated to LGBT rights. Around 50 complaints of violations of these rights are now pending before the commission, according to Victor Madrigal-Borloz, who leads the team responsible for reviewing claims of human rights violations and is the chief technical advisor to the LGBT rights unit. Once the commission begins advancing these cases through the legal process, we could see the pace of change in Latin America accelerate even further.
That could be especially true on marriage rights. Three Chilean couples filed a complaint with the commission in September 2012 after losing a legal battle for recognition in their country's courts. Activists in Costa Rica have also announced their intention to seek help from tribunal after a domestic partnership law died in the country's legislature late last year. A Paraguayan couple who married in Argentina also plan to take their battle for recognition to the Inter-American Court. If these petitions are successful, it could potentially mean the undoing of marriage bans in even the most conservative countries in Latin America. But the court is already proving to be a force for marriage rights even before formally taking up the question.
It handed down its first LGBT rights decision in February 2012 in a case known as Karen Atala y Niñas v. Chile. The case was brought by a lesbian mother who lost custody of her children to her ex-husband because of her sexual orientation. The court's ruling was sweeping, saying for the first time that the American Convention on Human Rights "prohibits … any rule, act, or discriminatory practice based on sexual orientation."
The significance for marriage rights was tested almost immediately in Mexico. Most Mexican states still refuse to perform same-sex marriages, even though they have been legal in Mexico City since 2010 and the country's supreme court has ruled that these marriages are valid nationwide. Three Oaxacan couples had filed a long-shot challenge to their state's ban on same-sex marriages shortly before the Atala decision was handed down, represented by a law student named Alex Alí Méndez Díaz. As their case headed to Mexico's supreme court, the Atala decision provided an additional powerful precedent on which to make their case.
On Dec. 5, Mexico's high court sided with the three couples and said that marriage could not be restricted to heterosexual couples. Technicalities of Mexico's legal system mean that more lawsuits are still required before same-sex couples can easily marry in every state, but this ruling means that it will soon be possible.
In reaching this decision, the court not only cited Atala, but also two landmark civil rights cases from the United States Supreme Court, Loving v. Virginia and Brown v. Board of Education. Writing for a unanimous tribunal, Minister Arturo Zaldívar Lelo de Larrea invoked these cases in a way that American activists would be overjoyed to see from a justice of the U.S. Supreme Court when it rules on the marriage cases they are now considering.
On Loving v. Virginia, which struck down laws against interracial marriage in 1967, Zaldívar wrote, "The historical disadvantages that homosexuals have suffered have been well recognized and documented: public harassment, verbal abuse, discrimination in their employment and in access to certain services, in addition to their exclusion to some aspects of public life. In this sense … when they are denied access to marriage it creates an analogy with the discrimination that interracial couples suffered in another era. In the celebrated case Loving v. Virginia, the United States Supreme Court argued that 'restricting marriage rights as belonging to one race or another is incompatible with the equal protection clause' under the US constitution. In connection with this analogy, it can be said that the normative power of marriage is worth little if it does grant the possibility to marry the person one chooses."
Same-sex couples in the United States are now waiting to find out if their top court will see this precedents in the same way. But however it decides, there is more at stake than just thee status of American gay and lesbian couples. The justices will be deciding whether the United States will fall behind as its neighbors establish a new standard of human rights, or whether it will join a revolution that is well underway.
This report by APF fellow J. Lester Feder also appeared in Foreign Policy magazine.
© 2013 J. Lester Feder


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Our Love is Here to Stay
Created from original paintings by Snow & Graham Creative Director, Ebony Snow Hurr, these brand new cards feature a mix of hand-painted florals and chic gold foil printing. Each card is blank on the inside so there is ample room for personalized wishes. Cards measure 4.25 x 5.5 inches folded.


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In a joint press release on Thursday, a group of Trump administration officials called the 2020 election "the most secure in American history," directly contradicting the President.
In their statement, the members of the Election Infrastructure Government Coordinating Council (GCC) Executive Committee added that "there is no evidence that any voting system deleted or lost votes, changed votes, or was in any way compromised."
"While we know there are many unfounded claims and opportunities for misinformation about the process of our elections, we can assure you we have the utmost confidence in the security and integrity of our elections, and you should too," the statement read, in part. "When you have questions, turn to elections officials as trusted voices as they administer elections."
The statement added that all states that use computerized voting systems also have paper records of each vote, meaning states can further verify results if needed.
Ten members of the GCC signed the statement.
The press release was issued by the Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency, an agency within the Department of Homeland Security. The GCC is a coalition of federal government agencies, as well as state election offices and secretaries of state with the goal of providing security and "resilience strategies" for elections of all levels across the country.
Their statement directly contradicts claims made by President Donald Trump, who has not yet conceded to President-elect Joe Biden. Trump has claimed without evidence that the 2020 presidential election was beset by widespread voter fraud.
The Trump campaign has filed several lawsuits in key battleground states to contest the results of the election, but the suits have not yet fundamentally altered the state of the race.


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If You Are Thinking of Selling? You Must Act NOW!
If you thought about selling your house this year, now more than ever may be the time to do it! The inventory of homes for sale is well below historic norms and buyer demand is skyrocketing. We were still in high school when we learned about the concept of supply and demand, so we understand that the best time to sell something is when the supply of that item is low and demand for that item is high. That defines today's real estate market.
Lawrence Yun, Chief Economist at the National Association of Realtors, recently commented:
"Contract signings inched backward once again last month, as declines in the South and West weighed down on overall activity."
Yun goes on to say:
"The reason sales are falling off last year's pace is that multiple years of inadequate supply in markets with strong job growth have finally driven up home prices to a point where an increasing number of prospective buyers are unable to afford it."
In this type of market, a seller may hold a major negotiating advantage when it comes to price and other aspects of the real estate transaction, including the inspection, appraisal and financing contingencies.
Bottom Line
As a potential seller, you are in the driver's seat right now. It might be time to hit the gas.


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Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez Dead
The longtime president of Venezuela, Hugo Chavez, died on Tuesday at the age of 58, following a two-year battle with cancer.
During Chavez's 14 years in office, the firebrand politician often clashed with other world leaders—particularly George W. Bush, whom he referred to as the devil during a 2006 speech at the United Nations. He was revered as a hero by his supporters, but called an authoritarian who abused his office by those who opposed him.
Chavez used his country's booming oil wealth to increase his own political power, but the socialist also brought medical clinics and subsidized food to many of the poorer regions of his country.
Chavez was quite popular among the poor in Venezuela, winning a third term this past October, though his critics—both at home and abroad—accused him of behaving more like a dictator who intimidated and repressed his political opponents than a democratically elected leader.
Vice President Nicholas Maduro made the announcement of Chavez's death today. Maduro will run in an upcoming special election to fill the vacancy against Henrique Capriles, whom Chavez defeated in October.


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Selle San Marco Manganese Bicycle Seats For Women
Having the right bicycle seat on your bike can make all the difference. Be sure to pick a seat that will fit both your body type and personal riding style.
Women's saddles tend to have a wider seat and shorter nose than corresponding men's versions.


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Graduate Certificate in Mathematics and Statistics Programs in Chicago
What are Graduate Certificate in Mathematics and Statistics Programs?
Graduate Certificate in Mathematics and Statistics programs are often designed to strengthen student's math knowledge and skills so that they are equipped to pursue continued education in other quantitative fields. Mathematics is essential to many fields; natural sciences, engineering, medicine, finance, business and social sciences often rely on applied mathematics and statistical analysis (enwiki), especially in our computer-driven world. Whether you are a non-math major, you are studying the field and want more targeted education in a specific area, or you need more courses to pursue graduate study, a graduate certificate in math & statistics is worth considering.
Graduate Certificate in Mathematics and Statistics: Program Basics
Depending on the university, admissions requirements for a Graduate Certificate in Math and Statistics typically include B.S. or equivalent degree from an accredited university, knowledge of College Algebra, and undergraduate GPA scores as determined by the grad school. Programs are sometimes geared to the individual who is seeking to augment current knowledge in a specific area whether as an augmentation to current knowledge, an introduction to a topic, or a Segway to a graduate degree.
FACT: Mathematicians conduct research in fundamental mathematics or in application of mathematical techniques to science, management, and other fields and solve problems in their field using mathematical methods (O'Net).
Usually, students from other disciplines who need to understand and use math in their careers (e.g. finance, insurance, engineering) find certificate programs useful and shorter in term than a graduate degree. Applied mathematics can be used in different professional specialties
Applied statistics graduate certificate programs are intended for individuals who wish to enhance or begin studies in applied statistics. Students typically learn about the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of numerical data (enwiki).
A graduate certificate may entail 12 credit hours of approved graduate-level coursework, and the credit may be transferable to a master's degree program; this might depend on the university and whether you stay with that grad school for your master's degree.
What are Types of Math and Statistics Graduate Certificates?
The primary objective of Graduate Certificate in Mathematics and Statistics Programs is to build competency in a specific topic. Mathematics encompasses pure and applied mathematics, which is considered 'mathematical science with knowledge and has considerable overlap with statistics and other decision sciences' (enwiki). Graduate certificates may be available in:
- Actuarial science & financial engineering
- Mathematics
- Statistics and data analytics
How long is a graduate certificate in mathematics and statistics programs?
Typical programs last from 9 months to 2 years depending on the type of study. Students may take a longer educational path.
Potential Curriculums
While curriculums vary, graduate certificates usually involve learning a set of core subjects as well as a few electives. Programs that are geared to educators who are studying in order to add math or statistics as a teaching area may have a different format.
Actuarial Science Graduate Certificates
For students preparing for a potential career in actuarial science, statistics, business or economics, a certificate in actuarial science may include course topics such as:
- Mathematics (e.g. calculus, probability, mathematical statistics, actuarial science)
Mathematics Graduate Certificates
Some graduate certificate programs in math are intended as post-master's teaching endorsements, however, others may be oriented to theory, others more computational. Some course topics that might be covered could include subjects such as (O*Net):
- Algebra and Number Theory
- Analysis and Functional Analysis
- Applied Mathematics
- Computational Mathematics
- Geometry/Geometric Analysis
- Mathematical Statistics and Probability
- Mathematics and Statistics, Other
- Mathematics, General
- Statistics
- Topology and Foundations
Statistics and Data Analytics Graduate Certificates
Statistics can be applied to many fields; applied statistics includes descriptive statistics and the application of inferential statistics (enwiki). Depending on one's professional focus, applied statistics might mean actuarial science, biostatistics, engineering statistics, epidemiology, geostatistics and market research, among other fields (enwiki). Statistics Graduate Certificates may include the study of topics such as (O*Net):
- Applied Mathematics
- Business Statistics
- Mathematical Statistics
- Probability
- General Mathematics
- General Statistics
- Biostatistics
- Data Analysis
State | Employment | Annual Mean Wage |
California | 5,140 | $0 |
New York | 4,620 | $83,210 |
Texas | 4,390 | $65,390 |
Pennsylvania | 2,700 | $75,520 |
Florida | 2,200 | $70,420 |
Metro Area | Annual Mean Salary | Employment |
College Station-Bryan, TX | $119,770 | 250 |
Durham-Chapel Hill, NC | $111,150 | 390 |
Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA | $110,030 | 80 |
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA | $107,630 | 420 |
Sacramento–Roseville–Arden-Arcade, CA | $101,730 | 330 |
Popular Schools with Graduate Certificate in Mathematics and Statistics Programs in Chicago
Program | Institution | Degree Awarded |
Mathematical Sciences | DePaul University | N/A |
Mathematics Education Certificate | Governors State University | N/A |
Graduate Certificate in Data Science | Elmhurst University | N/A |
Graduate Certificates in Math and Statistics: On Campus vs. Online
Choosing a program format comes down to personal preference, your location, and availability of program options amongst other variables. Many graduate schools offer Graduate Certificate in Mathematics and Statistics courses during Evenings and weekends, however, if you live geographically out of range, it may be more convenient to look into distance learning. Browse through a selection of sponsored listings to see what appeals to you or what is appropriate for your schedule. Some of these might include: Graduate Certificate in Statistics and Graduate Certificate in Data Visualization and Analysis. You can use the green tabs to request info from the schools to check into their actual curriculum. Sometimes different schools have the same type of certificate program however their courses may vary as will other factors.
Take the Next Step
Whether you are interested in teaching math or you are looking to acquire a skill set that is useful in fields such as business, education, health, pharma, science, government, or technology, a graduate certificate may answer your academic needs. In addition, you may also gain the knowledge to apply immediately in your workplace, helping to make you a more effective problem solver for your organization. Why not see whether a Graduate Certificate in Mathematics and Statistics will help you accomplish your academic and vocational goals!
GradSchools.com offers 1 Graduate Schools with Certificate in Mathematics and Statistics Graduate Programs in Chicago
DePaul University


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Working lights and light bulbs are critical to your safety on the road. Your headlights need to work properly for oncoming traffic to see you and for you to see them. Your taillights need to work so drivers following you know when you are stopping or turning.
Visit AAMCO for Light Bulb Replacement Service if any of the following bulbs are burned out in your car, truck or SUV:
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To make sure your lights are functioning properly and that all major systems in your vehicle are in good working order, visit AAMCO annually for a 36-point Vehicle Courtesy Check®.
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AAMCO Houston, TX
9584 Fm 1960 West, Houston, TX 77070View Map
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Saturday | By Appointment
Sunday | Closed


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Lauber System Solutions, Inc.
Lauber System Solutions provides expertise in the use and administration of network operating systems, datacenter and cluster applications, information security, and system interoperability. We specialize in open source products and open organization practices. The President has over 25 years of experience in the field along with a variety of contacts and resources. We can help you evaluate your training needs, assist in the development of your course materials, deliver training, and even consult on special projects.
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Are you just looking for extra contributions to your team for other small projects?
We may be able to help. Learn More.


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We offer the best in customer service, through the use of our fully trained experts (who continually train to be up to date).
We specialize in both residential and commercial properties of all sizes. Contact one of our offices that is closest to you using the contact page, or by clicking here


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Saddleworth Accounting Services
Chartered Accountants Saddleworth
We have the full range of services to aid you and your business based in the Saddleworth and surrounding areas.
Our existing client base in Saddleworth have been with us for many years. Each client has an individual selection of services to meet their needs and requirements. These range from daily, weekly, monthly and yearly service interactions. All designed to help and assist each client gain the advantages they are looking for.
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Arrange a consultation with one of our advisors
to see how Dunhams can HELP YOU
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Arrange a meeting at our offices,
or a phone call, or a Zoom meeting.
Map of the Saddleworth area
Accounting Services Saddleworth
Here at Dunhams, we pride ourselves on offering a service which we regard as almost unique among accounting services and financial services. We are one of the very few practices which can take care of all of your personal and business financial requirements all under one roof.
Once we have gathered all the information, we will produce a detailed report containing our recommendations which we will outline with you in a follow-up meeting. In short, we will look into every aspect of your business finances and create a holistic and bespoke plan that is personalised to you and your company.
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When it comes to advising our business clients on managing and improving their tax affairs, we can call on the centuries of experience our team has in this key business area. Helping to make your business work for you – not the taxman.
As an employer, you have many obligations regarding your staff payroll and reporting requirements to HMRC. It must sometimes feel like you're drowning in a sea of payroll compliance. Let us take the worry and stress away.
Company Secretarial
There are a variety of regulatory and governance issues which you must comply with, such as filing accounts, annual returns and other changes with Companies House. We will ensure your business complies with statutory regulations.
Business Audits
Every business has weaknesses, but the key is identifying where those weaknesses are before they start to damage your company. We can give your business an internal SWOT analysis and carry out regular audits.
If you would like any assistance with any of these points.


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Here are some of his great recordings:
Der Fuehrer's Face
In 1942, a strike by the American Federation of Musicians prevented Jones from making commercial recordings for over two years. He could, however, make records for radio broadcasts. These were released on the Standard Transcriptions label (1941–1946) and have been reissued on a CD compilation called (Not) Your Standard Spike Jones Collection.Recorded just days before the recording ban, Jones scored a huge broadcast hit late in 1942 with "Der Fuehrer's Face", a song ridiculing Adolf Hitler that followed every use of the word "Heil" with a derisive raspberry sound, as in the repeated phrase " Heil, (raspberry), Heil (raspberry), right in Der Fuehrer's face!".
More satirical songs
Other Jones satires followed: "Hawaiian War Chant", "Chloe", "Holiday for Strings", "You Always Hurt the One You Love", "My Old Flame", referring to Peter Lorre's voice (impersonated on the recording by Paul Frees) and eerie scenes in contemporary movies, and many more. The romantic ballad "Cocktails for Two", originally written to evoke an intimate romantic rendezvous, was re-recorded by Spike Jones in 1944 as a raucous, horn-honking, voice-gurgling, hiccuping hymn to the cocktail hour. The Jones version was a huge hit, much to the resentment of composer Sam Coslow.Ghost Riders
Spike's parody of Vaughn Monroe's rendition of "Ghost Riders in the Sky" was performed as if sung by a drunkard and ridiculed Monroe by name in its final stanza:CHORUS: 'Cause all we hear is "Ghost Riders" sung by Vaughn Monroe.
DRUNK: I can do without his singing.
FRIEND: But I wish I had his dough!
The official American release edited out the dig at Monroe, because Monroe, a popular RCA Victor recording artist and also a major RCA stockholder, demanded it. The original version was released on the European market in 1949. (A few pressings containing the first ending were mistakenly released on the West Coast and are a prized rarity today.)
All I Want for Christmas
Jones' recording, "All I Want for Christmas Is My Two Front Teeth", with a piping vocal by George Rock, was a number-one hit in 1948. (Dora Bryan recorded a 1963 variation, "All I Want For Christmas is a Beatle".)Murdering the Classics
Among the series of recordings in the 1940s were humorous takes on the classics such as the adaptation of Liszt's Liebesträume, played at a breakneck pace on unusual instruments. Others followed: Rossini's William Tell Overture was rendered on kitchen implements using a horse race as a backdrop, with one of the "horses" in the "race" likely to have inspired the nickname of the lone SNJ aircraft flown by the U.S. Navy's Blue Angels aerobatic team's shows in the late 1940s, "Beetle Bomb". In live shows Spike would acknowledge the applause with complete solemnity, saying "Thank you, music lovers." An LP collection of twelve of these "homicides" was released by RCA (on its prestigious Red Seal label) in 1971 as Spike Jones Is Murdering the Classics. They include such tours de force as Pal-Yat-Chee (Pagliacci), sung by the Hillbilly humorists Homer and Jethro, Ponchielli's Dance of the Hours, Tchaikovsky's None but the Lonely Heart, and Bizet's Carmen.In 1944 RCA Victor released his "Spike Jones presents for the Kiddies" version of Tchaikovsky's Nutcracker Suite, in three 10 inch vinyl 78 rpm records, P-143, arrangement credited to Joe "Country" Washburne with lyrics by Foster Carling. It was released as a three 7 inch 45 rpm vinyl set in 1949 as WP-143 and as a one 45rpm extended play EPA-143 in 1952. An abridged version is also included in the aforementioned album, with a complete version available on the CD collection Spiked: The Music of Spike Jones...


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Bipolar Transistors are a solid state, three-pin devices made from three layers of silicon. A bipolar transistor is designed to amplify current, bipolar transistors can also function as a switch. There are two main types of transistor, PNP (positive negative positive) or NPN (negative positive-negative).
Bipolar transistors are constructed by joining two signal diodes back to back creating two PN junctions connected in series, sharing a common P or N terminal. By nature, silicon does not normally conduct electricity well. However, when silicon is treated with certain chemicals or impurities we can make the material and electrons behave in a different way. This process is called doping. The doping process improves the semiconductors ability to conduct electricity.
Bipolar transistors have two possible functions, switching, and amplification. Due to the devices three layers of doped semiconductor material, supplying the transistor with a signal voltage enables the discrete component to act as an insulator or a conductor. This clever change provides the transistors with two basic functions, switching (digital) electronics or amplification (analog) electronics.
Transistors are available in panel, surface and through-hole mounting options in plastic package or metal can versions. All have three terminals or pins, the Base, the Collector, and the Emitter.
They are also available as;
Transistors are one of the most widely used discrete components in electronic designs and circuits. Transistors are used for the amplification of all types of electrical signals in circuits made up of individual components rather than ICs (integrated circuits).


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Welcome to Share the Wealth Link Party! Thanks for visiting Laugh, Love, and Craft. I'd love for you to share your ideas on recipes, coupons, and crafts!
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I know rules are scary but these are fairly easy!
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Thanks, and party on!
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The list will be open until Sunday. So come back and link up your newest


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Recently AIM interviewed Gigi Gaston, director of the documentary film, "We Will Not Be Silenced." The film documents voter intimidation and corruption by forces working for then-candidate Barack Obama at Democratic precinct caucuses and state conventions during the 2008 Presidential primary. The filmmaker is surprising in that she is a lifelong Democrat, whose grandfather was the mayor of Boston and later the governor of Massachusetts, and she is a Hollywood screenwriter.
She says that after receiving a call from a former congressional investigator, she went to Texas to look into charges of voter irregularities in the Democratic caucus process to choose their presidential nominee. It was down to Hillary Clinton or Barack Obama. What she found, as described on the website for the film, was "falsified delegate counts, falsified documents, and other violations" And she describes the "disenfranchising of American citizens by the Democratic Party and the Obama campaign," and said that the "infamous campaign of 'change' from Chicago encouraged and created an army to steal caucus packets, falsify documents, change results, allow unregistered people to vote, scare and intimidate Hillary supporters, stop them, threaten them, lock them out of their polling places, silence their voices, and stop their right to vote."
Through interviews with people with a first-hand knowledge of what was going on, including civil rights activist Helene Latimer, a very disturbing picture formed of what the Obama campaign was up to in order to "win" the nomination. Attorney Gloria Allred is shown calling for the elimination of the caucuses.
Ms. Gaston described how the Clinton campaign attempted to bring evidence of some of these irregularities to the attention of the media, but they were largely ignored.
You can listen to the full interview, or read the transcript here.
Here are some additional quotes from the interview.
"In Sioux City, Iowa, alone, out of a caucus where a hundred people caucused for Obama, 40 people had the same address. Different things like that I saw, but the people are really the things that made me realize what was going on was far more serious than what I'd gone down to do, which was basically to prove everyone wrong. And I was even more startled that when you actually tried to say something about it, and let people know, especially the press in this country—I think not only is our voting in great jeopardy here, but I think the press is."
"…if you had an Obama sticker on, they didn't check ID, they just waved you into the room to stand on the side of Obama. That happened constantly. A lot of people weren't even from that precinct, in that area. If I want to caucus, and, say I'm in Venice, California, or Santa Monica, California, I can't go to Malibu and caucus also. There were a lot of repeats, of people going all over. Bussing in was the worst part. I don't know if you saw, in the documentary, where all these parents didn't know where their kids had been taken, and they'd been taken across from Illinois into Indiana, and caucused, bought dinner, and returned. It's not legal to pay someone to vote for you."
"I haven't left the [Democrat] party yet, because I'm in to try to see if this is one last shot, that they could totally be heroic, unite the party, and address this. I know it's a crazy hoop-dream, but I haven't left the party yet. I definitely don't believe in what—the great gifts we were given as people that came to this country. I don't believe that it's still there. I really am concerned about our voting. I really don't feel we're going to have—that our votes are ever going to be represented again if we, as people, don't go, 'Hey! You guys have to address this!'"
Emphasis, graphics, and all links but the last, by Gulag Bound.
Roger Aronoff is a media analyst with Accuracy in Media, and is the writer/director of the award-winning documentary, "Confronting Iraq: Conflict and Hope."
He can be contacted at email@example.com.


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Armani Exchange AX 2033S 6063/6G Men sunglasses
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What happens after you place your order online? You will also receive an automatic email from our webshop with an estimated dispatch date (this will depend on whether your sunglasses are in stock). If so, we will send it immediately. If not, we can usually deliver within 15 working days.) You will then receive another email notification when we have dispatched your package.
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Isabelle Beernaert.
A one of a kind choreographer known for her ability to translate the everyday, ordinary life into an extraordinary choreography. Her choreographies express what everyone goes through and feels at some point in life. The audience is able to recognize itself with the stories being told on stage.
(Foto : Fabrice Hauwel)


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Sahil Sayal - A Regulated Canadian Immigration Consultant (RCIC)
Sayal Immigration is the top immigration consultancy in Québec City, Canada, offering essential assistance to those who are seeking to immigrate to their new destination. The process of relocating can be daunting and complex, with a variety of legal requirements and paperwork to consider. That's where immigration consultants play a vital role. And when it comes to immigration consultants in Québec City, Canada, Sayal Immigration stands out as the best in the field.
Sahil Sayal, an authorized Regulated Canadian Immigration Consultant (RCIC) provide guidance and support throughout the entire process, ensuring a smooth and successful transition. As a leading consultancy firm in Immigration field, Sayal Immigration has a proven track record of delivering excellent results for their clients. Their expertise makes them an excellent choice for anyone looking to navigate the complexities of immigration.
Best Immigration Consultant in Québec City, Canada
At Sayal Immigration, Sahil Sayal is widely regarded as the best RCIC (Regulated Canadian Immigration Consultant) in Québec City, Canada. With his extensive knowledge and experience in immigration matters, he has helped numerous individuals and families successfully navigate the complex Canadian immigration system. Sahil's dedication to his clients is commendable, as he ensures personalized attention to each case, offering tailored solutions and guidance throughout the entire immigration process. His professionalism, integrity, and in-depth understanding of immigration laws make him a trusted and reliable advisor. If you're seeking expert assistance for your Canadian immigration journey, Sahil Sayal is undoubtedly the go-to RCIC in Québec City.
Sayal Immigration is a leading immigration consulting firm that has been serving clients in Québec City and the surrounding areas for several years. Their commitment to excellence, personalized approach, and in-depth knowledge of Canadian immigration laws make them the go-to choice for individuals and families looking to make Canada their new home.
One of the key factors that sets Sayal Immigration apart from other consultants is their team of highly experienced and dedicated professionals. The consultants at Sayal Immigration are not only well-versed in immigration laws and policies but also keep themselves updated with the latest changes and developments. This ensures that clients receive accurate and reliable advice tailored to their specific needs.
Moreover, Sayal Immigration understands that each client has unique circumstances and goals. They take the time to listen to their clients, understand their aspirations, and assess their eligibility for various immigration programs. This personalized approach allows them to provide tailored solutions and develop comprehensive immigration strategies that maximize the chances of success.
Services We Offer
The range of services offered by Sayal Immigration is another reason for their reputation as the best immigration consultant in Québec City. They provide assistance with various immigration programs, including skilled worker immigration, family sponsorship, study permits, work permits, visitor visas, and citizenship applications. Whether you are a skilled professional seeking employment in Canada or a family member looking to reunite with your loved ones, Sayal Immigration has the expertise to guide you through the process seamlessly.
One aspect that clients value greatly is Sayal Immigration's commitment to transparency and ethical practices. From the initial consultation to the final submission of applications, they maintain clear and open communication with their clients. They provide detailed explanations of the requirements, procedures, and timelines involved, ensuring that clients are well-informed and involved throughout the process. This level of transparency builds trust and confidence among clients, knowing that their immigration journey is in capable hands.
Our Motto - Client satisfaction
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Bernadette Fox is notorious. To her Microsoft-guru husband, she's a fearlessly opinionated partner; to fellow private-school mothers in Seattle, she's a disgrace; to design mavens, she's a revolutionary architect; and to 15-year-old Bee, she is her best friend and, simply, Mom.
Then Bernadette vanishes. It all began when Bee aced her report card and claimed her promised reward: a family trip to Antarctica. But Bernadette's intensifying allergy to Seattle -- and people in general -- has made her so agoraphobic that a virtual assistant in India now runs her most basic errands. A trip to the end of the earth is problematic.
To find her mother, Bee compiles email messages, official documents, and secret correspondence -- creating a compulsively readable and surprisingly touching novel about misplaced genius and a mother and daughter's role in an absurd world.


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A revolutionary breakthrough in diabetes management is on the horizon, as scientists from Canada and the U.S. have developed a prototype home-use device capable of measuring blood glucose levels through saliva samples. This innovation, utilizing an electrochemical aptamer-based (E-AB) biosensor, could soon replace the daily finger-prick tests that millions of diabetics currently endure. The collaboration between the Université de Sherbrooke in Quebec and the Colgate-Palmolive Company in New Jersey heralds a significant shift towards a more comfortable and less invasive method of glucose monitoring, promising a substantial improvement in the quality of life for diabetic patients.
The underpinning science recognizes that glucose concentrations in saliva reflect those in the bloodstream. Traditionally, the lower glucose levels in saliva necessitated complex lab equipment for precise measurement. Researchers have now successfully harnessed the potential of the E-AB biosensor for home use. E-AB biosensors utilize a custom-engineered DNA segment, aptly named an aptamer, which latches onto specific biomarkers in a sample. This interaction triggers an electrochemical signal, providing the necessary data. The challenge, however, was enhancing the sensitivity of these aptamers, particularly for detecting saliva-based glucose.
Assistant Professor Philippe Dauphin-Ducharme and his team from U Sherbrooke addressed this by optimizing existing aptamers that were previously effective in blood glucose detection. This enhanced aptamer was integrated into a gold electrode within the E-AB biosensor. Tested with saliva samples from various individuals, the device not only delivered swift and accurate glucose readings within 30 seconds but also maintained its precision for up to a week, given proper maintenance in phosphate-buffered saline after each use.
Expanding beyond glucose detection, the researchers demonstrated the biosensor's versatility by adapting it to measure saliva levels of AMP (adenosine monophosphate), a marker linked to gum disease. This signifies the potential for this technology to monitor various health indicators. The full details of this research are elaborated in a recent publication in the journal ACS Sensors.


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BBC Top of The Pops June 16th 1966 |
MrMusichead in Hollywood is hosting a British Invasion Exhibition hosted by Peter Asher of Peter and Gordon and there will be a few prints at the Malibu Guitar Festival.
One photo in common is the 24x36 of The Beatles on Top Of The Pops in 1966. This was both the only time the band had appeared in person live on the show (others were taped elsewhere or films) and their last TV appearance as a working band. A month later they did a brief Satdium tour in the US and that was the end of the live shows.
Photo © Chris Walter


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Monday, September 28, 2009
Gygax in Europa
The other thing of interest here is that the article is clearly written by "Gamer Gary," as opposed to "TSR Gary." That is, it's written from the perspective of one gamer to another rather than being full of pontifical pronouncements by someone looking to sell you new products. Gamers who entered the hobby after 1979 or so probably have little to no experience of "Gamer Gary" and even I sometimes forget about his existence. It's nice to be reminded of him from time to time and this short article does that very well, in addition to its other more obvious uses.
29 comments:
- AnonymousSeptember 28, 2009 at 12:43 PM
Btw, are you familiar with Gary Gygax's essay "Jack Vance and the D&D game" in The Excellent Prismatic Spray magazine #2?
ReplyDelete Very interesting. Too bad we'll probably never see Castle Greyhawk in published form.
I had a thought while reading his bit about the Gold Dragon at the end... I'm sure this idea appears other places. The "balance" of a Gold Dragon PC versus other PCs is judged within the context of the whole campaign... "balance" exist without being always completely realized. Just like in a wargame campaign.
Word Verification: replays"The bottom level [of Greyhawk], number thirteen, contained an inescapable slide which took the players clear through to China, from which they had to return via Outdoor Adventure."
Wow. So way back then Gygax was already doing Oriental Adventures! Would love to have been one of those players, making their way back home along the Silk Road! :-)Gary recounts the story of the descent of Robilar (and later Tenser and Terik) to the depths of Castle Greyhawk, and the slide to China, in a variety of places: his Soapbox articles, and in the Greyhawk Annual #2 as well as in The Horsemen of the Apocalypse essay. Good stuff, for sure. See my site @ http://www.greyhawkonline.com/grodog/gh_castle_sources.html for details.
I'm hopeful that the other issues of Europa with EGG content can be ID'd and then tracked down: Gary apparently wrote a number of articles for the magazine, since he was a contributing editor for it.
Allan.I guess China there is being used as the antipodes, the same way Brits use Australia to mean "the place on the other side, where people are upside down" (which reminds me of the map of Dante's Divine Comedy, where Dante has to pass through the devil (and turn upside down) in order to get out of hell and into purgatory). If that's the case then (a) yes, D&D is set in America, not some putative Europe (take that, Europa!) and (b) the Silk Road won't get you back home.
I am very intrigued by the origin or Oriental Adventures, though, and charmed by the variety of things being referred to in the schema: it seems like a memory palace, a deliberate trawl through Appendix N with genre shifts between levels, or (of course) Bluebeard's Castle.That zine is a thing of beauty. I love that it's freely available after all these years. It's a great historical document.
I wish there were more fanzines that were free or at the very least available in the traditional currency of zine, such as a few stamps, a nice letter, trade or a couple of bucks tucked into an envelope.
I can't wait to print our Europa and give it a thorough read. Thanks again, James, for sharing that with us.That's a great find, and pretty intense (typewritten, hand margin notes on subscriptions, etc.) It's the most direct description of Castle Greyhawk I ever saw (and from an early era, too). Interesting thoughts on PC generation.
One thing that jumped out at me was "the alignment of the character (the latter can be secretly told [to] the referee, with an announced alignment being false)". That's precisely something I just added explicitly to my house rules last week, to avoid Law-vs-Chaos conflicts in my initial parties. Kind of creepy.
The other thing is the enormous energy and time that Gary had to do this. He's talking about playing every night of the week. And while he refers to making the dungeon as "very difficult and time consuming", at the same time he asserts that making world, wilderness, town, dungeon, and sketching alternate worlds/dimensions will be "probably taking a week or so". Good grief, who has time or energy like that? Amazing!- AnonymousSeptember 28, 2009 at 4:10 PM
Very cool article - a good find.
If you read a bit further, there are a series of letters back and forth between Gary and some D&D players. I find it interesting that some of the same complaints these players make are exactly the same things we see game designers still grappling with today! For example, Sandy and Gary go back and forth a bit about campaigns that turn into 'give-aways, with dungeon levels resembling a magical department store' where '20th level becomes a run-of-the-mill thing'
There's also some nice stuff in there about Games Workshop. I was especially amused by a footnote in which it was suggested that GW might host a 'Games Day' at one of the local stores. Damn, Castle Gygax really IS like a Diablo, long before the computer games came of age.
But the The World Of Greyhawk is a more significant departure from OD&D than AD&D is from the OD&D. The thing is, if Greyhawk was an implicit setting in Gygax' game, then his house game differed from a published version of D&D since it was more setting specific like the Dragonlance and Dark Sun settings and less like OD&D and Basic D&D.Melan asked: A further thought - why has no roleplayer done the same legacy preservation work yet? Is it because early game zines are bought for hundreds and treasured in exclusive collections, or is it because there have been no takers yet?
I think there are a number of gamers and collectors who are interested in preserving RPG magazines and fanzines. A few folks at the Acaeum have been trying to compile UK fanzines, with the aim of republishing them (specifically Beholder and Tortured Souls), and I know that Tadashi Ehara is actively working toward publishing a Different Worlds archive. A White Dwarf archive of the 1st 90 issues was made available very briefly, but then the project was killed/recalled. It would be great if other magazines would be able to be reprinted in a digital format (Alarums & Excursions, News from Bree, Space Gamer, Sorcerer's Apprentice, Little Wars, the rest of the UK zines, Polyhedron, White Wolf [which was an excellent successor to DW for many years], etc., etc.).
Allan.Of course, but what I was thinking about first and foremost is the stuff with litle commercial but immense historical value - the mimeographed, photocopied and typewritten stuff; the issues of Alarums & Excursions, The Dungeoneer, The Domesday Book and who knows what else. I am sure there must be a treasure trove of amateur 70s/80s RPG stuff out there somewhere. And those are in the greatest danger of disappearance - losing a copy of The Dragon #23 is not the same as losing a copy of Jim's Fantasy Zine, 30 mimeographed copies printed.
ReplyDeleteI hate to say it, but wouldn't this be a great basis for a wiki and/or webring? Multiple bloggers could make their own collections of fanzines available and agree to host mirrors of a complete archive of the material. Or, more simply, hand all that over to archive.org but maintain some sort of front end for it.
...assuming one doesn't have to worry about copyright on all this stuff, which seems to be the quiet assumption we're making so far.Copyright is an interesting issue. These strung-together treasures are just as subject to copyright protection as other forms of expression, and the authors' rights should not be infringed if it is against their wishes.
However, they are essentially the blog posts and messageboard comments of the pre-internet period - a means to reach fellow fans separated from you by a long distance via a propagation network.
To cite a personal example, I was once a contributor to Chaos Ultra, a Hungarian fanzine originally released as a diskmag (this is a pretty European thing, I don't think they ever had a large US presence). Basically, a diskmag was an executable disseminated via floppies and containing a number of fan-created articles - you'd send a formatted FD or two to the editor with your articles, and you'd get them back with neat stuff (if there was enough space, you'd get extra diskmags as a bonus). You can now read issues of Chaos Ultra at http://member.rpg.hu/cu/index.php?page=3 (if you speak Hungarian), and there are my first pieces of publically available game writing for the world to see.
Much like mimeo-fanzine authors, the reason we used FDs and diskmags was because that was the only good way we could reach people. And we WANTED to reach people! I am happy that before we went dark (replaced by websites and message boards), the last editor got the text, the art, the loading screens and a lot of that into a net-friendly format for others to enjoy - better than if it was only available to a few people who still had them stored somewhere. And I don't think I would like these pieces to be auction items going for the equivalent of $200.
I would think most of those paper-zine authors would think that way. I think of a collection of scanned early zines as a service to the community and a way to preserve its valuable legacy, much like www.archive.org preserves bits of Internet culture.I noticed in the latest issue of Fight On! that Lee Gold says that she's willing to provide pdfs of her magazine for "20 cents per page" (and that the early issues sometimes went to more than 100+ pages), but that the recipient has to promise not to distribute them freely. This makes me sad, as I bet that there's a great deal of fantastic information in some of the early issues that many of us will never get to see.


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Intel CTO Says Gap between Humans, Machines will Close by 2050 Intel CTO Says Gap between Humans, Machines will Close by 2050 Intel Corporation's chief technology officer took a look at how technology will bring man and machine much closer together by 2050. Justin Rattner, during his keynote today at the Intel Developer Forum in San Francisco, predicted big changes are ahead in social interactions, robotics and improvements in computer's ability to sense the real world. He said Intel's research labs are already looking at human-machine interfaces and examining future implications to computing with some promising changes coming much sooner than expected. "The industry has taken much greater strides than anyone ever imagined 40 years ago," Rattner said. "There is speculation that we may be approaching an inflection point where the rate of technology advancements is accelerating at an exponential rate, and machines could even overtake humans in their ability to reason, in the not so distant future." Cutting the Last Cord, Wireless Power Imagine being able to walk into an airport or room with your laptop and instead of consuming battery, it is recharged. Based on principles proposed by MIT physicists, Intel researchers have been working on a Wireless Resonant Energy Link (WREL). Rattner demonstrated powering a 60-watt light bulb without the use of a plug or wire of any kind, which is more than is needed for a typical laptop. The magic of WREL is that it promises to deliver wireless power safely and efficiently. The technology relies on strongly coupled resonators, a principle similar to the way a trained singer can shatter a glass using her voice. At the receiving resonator's natural frequency, energy is absorbed efficiently, just as a glass absorbs acoustic energy at its natural frequency. With this technology enabled in a laptop, for example, batteries could be recharged when the laptop gets within several feet of the transmit resonator. Many engineering challenges remain, but the company's researchers hope to find a way to cut the last cord in mobile devices and someday enable wireless power in Intel-based platforms. Programmable Matter: Computers that Change Shape Intel researchers are also investigating how millions of tiny micro-robots, called catoms, could build shape-shifting materials. If used to replace the case, display and keyboard of a computing device, this technology could make it possible for a device to change physical form in order to suit the specific way you are using it. A mobile computer, for example, could be tiny when in a pocket, change to the shape of an earpiece when used as a mobile phone, and be large and flat with a keyboard for browsing the Internet or watching a movie. Rattner described this as a difficult exploratory research agenda, but steady progress is being made. He demonstrated for the first time the results of a novel technique for fabricating tiny silicon hemispheres using photolithography, a process used today to make silicon chips. This capability is one of the basic structural building blocks needed to realize functional catoms, and will make it easier to bring the necessary computational and mechanical components together in one tiny package less than a millimeter across. The technique is compatible with existing high-volume manufacturing and enables the possibility to produce such catoms in quantity at some point in the future. Dr. Michael Garner, program manager of Emerging Materials Roadmap, joined Rattner onstage to discuss the importance of research of novel silicon technology, keeping Moore's Law alive and well through the next decade and beyond. Among other things, Intel is researching how to go beyond planar transistors to 3D transistors and is looking at using compound semiconductors to replace silicon in the transistor channel. Looking further out, Intel is exploring into a variety of non-charge-based technologies that could one day replace CMOS altogether. Robots: From the Factory Floor to Your Kitchen Robots today are primarily used in the factory environment, designed to perform a single task repeatedly and bolted down. To make robotics personal, robots need to move and manipulate objects in cluttered and dynamic human environments, according to Rattner. They need to be cognizant of their surroundings by sensing and recognizing movement in a dynamic physical world, and learn to adapt to new scenarios. Rattner demonstrated two working personal robot prototypes developed at Intel's research labs. One of the demonstrations showed electric field pre-touch that has been built into a robot hand. The technique is a novel sensing modality used by fish but not humans, so they can "feel" objects before they even touch them. The other demonstration was a complete autonomous mobile manipulation robot that can recognize faces and interpret and execute commands as generic as "please clean this mess" using state-of-the-art motion planning, manipulation, perception and artificial intelligence. In addition to robots becoming more human-like, Rattner said he believes more innovation will emerge to make human and machine interaction more robust. Randy Breen, chief product officer of Emotiv Systems, joined Rattner onstage to demonstrate the company's EPOC headset. The Emotiv EPOC identifies brainwave patterns, processes them in real time and tells a game what conscious or non-conscious thoughts the user has had, like facial expressions, conscious actions or emotions. A user with the headset could think about smiling or lifting an object, and an avatar in a game would execute it. EPOC can currently identify more than 30 different "detections" through the 16 sensors on the headset. Source: Intel
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Majolica pottery originated in the 16th century and is primarily distinguished by the milky-white glaze used after the first firing. Majolica pottery is a diverse category of clay arts under which, Spanish-influenced Talavera and Italian Maiolica are sub-genres. Mexican Majolica primarily differs from traditional Talavera in the art form and use of colors. Traditional Talavera is known for its intricate pattern work whereas Majolica uses more free-form designs and artwork.
The Santa Rosa workshop lies in the mountains of central Mexico, high above the city of Guanajuato at 8,360 feet. The company takes its name from both the town and the clay of the local Sierra de Santa Rosa mountains used in the pottery. Started by the Salazar family, Santa Rosa has been crafting majolica pottery for over forty-five years. Following tradition, today a group of the Salazar grandchildren manage all aspects of the studio, from sourcing and firing the clay to glazing, painting and designing new styles. Each Santa Rosa Majolica piece is in itself a unique work of art, one that will bring the flavor and flare of this artistry directly into your home.
The wonderfully intricate patterns of these Majolica kitchen canisters will complement any kitchen decor! The ceramic is hand-painted and embodies all the charm of Mexican Majolica.