text:
As part of RP&E's 20th anniversary commemoration, we decided to review the origins of key social movements over the past few decades and their trajectories into the future. The ensuing panel discussion with three generations of women activists looks at the intersection of race and class with gender, and how women's participation in social justice movements has (or has not) empowered women workers, especially working class women of color and immigrant women.
Subscribe to the RPE podcast feed. Download the mp3. Use the player above. Or use this ITunes link. |
• Catherine Tactaquin is the executive director and a co-founder of the National Network for Immigrant and Refugee Rights. Her commitment to immigrant rights is motivated by her experience as the U.S.-born daughter of immigrant farm workers from the Philippines. She was involved for many years in grassroots organizing and advocacy in the Filipino community on issues of discrimination and foreign policy.
• Juliet Ellis is executive director of Urban Habitat, an organization that builds power in low-income communities and communities of color by combining education, advocacy, research, and coalition-building to advance environmental, economic, and social justice in the Bay Area. She is also a member of the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission.
B. Jesse Clarke: How do you see feminism and what does it actually mean to you?
Aileen Clarke Hernandez: I would say "feminism" now has a much better reputation than it did some time back. It was very difficult to get women of color involved in the women's movement in those early days when it was led by women who were middle class and white, for the most part. The women who started NOW—it happened at a conference about equal pay—were all appointed by the governors of their states. These women were not working class and it was very difficult to even find women of color there. So, if you were black or Latina or Filipina, you just didn't join the women's movement as identified by NOW. But there were also other women's movements going on at the time.
Clarke: Catherine, how did you intersect with the ideas of feminism and that social stream of thought as you entered your work life?
Catherine Tactaquin: I was glad to hear Aileen's description. As a young woman of color coming into political awareness at a certain period, I certainly did not identify with any significant feminist movement. In the political organizing that I was interested in at the time—among the Filipino community—it didn't really have an impact. I was much more drawn to identifying with strong women leaders in the Philippines who were fighting the dictatorship. Many of them were exiled here and played a leading role in building a movement among Filipinos—raising awareness around foreign policy and the role of the United States in what was going on in the Philippines. I think I rejected a lot of the leadership from the mainstream feminist movement as I saw it as not being interested in what I was doing.
Clarke: Can you talk about how you are incorporating a gender lens into your work?
Ellis: We need to apply a gender lens that is organization-wide and not take a piecemeal approach. At Urban Habitat, initially we would convene low-income women of color around transportation issues and get support from foundations focused on funding gender-specific programs. But we have also worked closely with the women over the years to infuse a gender analysis into all of the work that we do. So, it's not just the so-called "women's issues" that we focus on but issues of investment that really address social and gender equity.
Urban Habitat has a mission to build power in low-income communities and communities of color. To that end, we've created a Boards and Commissions Leadership Institute that is looking to recruit, train, and place progressive and low-income people of color on local and regional boards and commissions. We are trying to move to a place where it's not just about getting a seat at the table but where we really are the decision makers.
Women of color oftentimes will focus on the lower-level commissions—the ones that are more advisory and have less money, like the Commission on the Status of Women or the Human Rights Commission—as opposed to a planning commission…
Hernandez: Where the real power is.
Ellis: Yes, and where the real money is. We are trying to push women to think beyond the Status of Women and think about the redevelopment commission, for example. This challenge says a lot about our own internal doubts as women.
Clarke: Aileen, could talk a little about your experience of being the only woman on the EEOC and how that power (or lack of it) actually plays out?
Hernandez: There was a real pressure to make women visible in society and all we had were pieces of law that made the difference. We had the Equal Pay Act of 1963, the Division of Fair Employment Practices established by the California Legislature in 1959, and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 [which said that women could get jobs anywhere that they had the ability to do the work.] Nobody thought that sex would be included in that law. It was put in at the very last minute and many people laughed about it because women simply were invisible. They were not in the places you expect to see them now.
When I came to California, there was one woman from here in Congress and one woman on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors. That was it. Women weren't sure where they needed to go with this or what the law was about or what feminism really meant. They thought they had to choose one thing or the other. The good thing about NOW and the feminist movement growing at that point was that we pushed legislation that tried to get equal pay for women on a national level.
When I first started at the EEOC, women were found in about five occupations. They were elementary school teachers—not high school or college, just elementary school teachers. They could work in retail shops (like department stores). Or in the garment industry. Or they could take up nursing or secretarial work. That was it. The change is significant now. Women are in almost every kind of occupation you can think of—though not anywhere near 50 percent. And the changes on the political level have been dramatic. In the current state election you're looking at women fighting women.
Clarke: Catherine, among the key issues affecting poor and working class women—especially as we look at the immigrant struggle, which is in a particularly frightening place right now—what do you consider the most important political struggles of this century to bring justice for women?
Tactaquin: Among social justice and anti-racist organizing institutions, we can clearly see the leadership of a lot of strong women. But there is some unevenness. Within some organizations, I am aware of gender dynamics that play out in terms of paid staff positions and boards of directors. Within the immigrant rights movement, we have a proud history of women throughout—as founders and leaders. And increasingly, we see the presence of women leaders who have emerged out of organizing and come into their own—building new institutions and leading them.
We have just launched a project called Raising Women's Voices for Immigrant Justice to help support immigrant women on the ground. Our partners at the Ms. Foundation have been really good over the years about supporting the development of this type of work. There's a big divide between the broader women's movement and the immigrant women's movement, which identifies with and is aware of the human rights crisis in the United States—such as, what is happening along the border and the impact on immigrant women and families. For a women's movement to not recognize that, I think, is really a crime.
In our project we want to help cultivate the distinct leadership of immigrant women, but we also want to build from the ground up. Create more of a synergy between immigrant women, other women of color, and the broader women's movement. That's going to have a profound effect on how we address issues of immigration and race and all the controversies present now or around the corner. A more integrated movement can play a big role in beating back the hate that we see on the ground. For us, part of a growing core mission is to help shift the debate on immigration to a consensus that enforcement is in fact necessary.
Clarke: One obvious but rarely acknowledged fact is that a majority of the population of the United States and of the world is women and people of color. If they were acting in concert, it would be very difficult for them to lose an election anywhere. How do you see capitalism structuring us into the kind of fragmentation that disables the popular movements from taking the power of their true majority status?
Hernandez: I think we have made a major change in identifying the problems and are no longer just speaking about African Americans. We now recognize that we are all going through the same thing. We've lived in such a segregated environment—whether it's race or ethnicity or class—for such a long time. But now we're coming together. People are working not just for their "group," but are involved in wider issues in the society. I think men are coming into it now, too. They are beginning to understand that it's not about any one group but about injustice in society against a wide range of people. Because we come from a capitalist approach where the rich are supposed to get everything and the poor are supposed to work to help the rich get richer, we have to keep saying, "This is not the way it's going to be any more. We have other issues going."
Tactaquin: I think it is important to recognize that we do function within a system that has developed structures designed to preserve power based on a certain premise. Those of us in the social justice movement have to create new democratic vehicles that are going to impact those structures and seriously challenge them. We see it now in trying to change policies within Congress. It's insane that we continue to support policies that we know are wrong, but not challenging them is part of a preservation of certain political power.
I'm concerned about the fact that a lot of organizations are locked into 501(c)(3) formats that can preserve the ongoing systems of power. We have to be very thoughtful and at the same time aggressive about building more independent structures that can bring together the diverse and cross-sectional entities that we need, to make serious challenges. I don't see that happening with our 501(c)(3)s.
Clarke: Are there any specific examples of prototypes of successful alternative institutions that are developing this kind of modern approach?
Tactaquin: I think a lot of what we are trying to build on the ground is a part of that. The concern is whether we are just replicating what exists and not attempting to break new ground. I'm a big believer in building institutions. It's not enough to have mass movements like the U.S. Social Forum, as wonderful as it was. To really make a difference, the proposals, the organizing have to reside in entities that can garner participation and lead democratically. So, to the extent that we can support organizations of farmworker women or the new Domestic Workers' Union in New York and the National Domestic Workers' Union Alliance, we should do it.
We also work at the international level with domestic workers and unions in Colombia and Europe. It's great to see that beginning to happen. But even those organizations are going to face limitations unless we find some way to bring them together on a more independent basis that's not locked into chasing foundation support.
Hernandez: It's complicated. And if you look just at the political end of it? We know that the process of politics is terrible. Even the people that we are supporting are just raising money, pouring millions and millions of dollars into a campaign, without any concept of what they are going to do once they get in there. Politics should not have to cost you money to get into it.
Clarke: As new immigrant worker organizations emerge—that are not necessarily tied to previous movements—as domestic workers and women organize at different levels of political capacity, do you see any kind of sign that people are taking their own economic power seriously?
Tactaquin: I think the labor movement, despite its floundering on the immigration issue, is so essential. It is one of the few vehicles of power that we have. As big as those immigration demonstrations were in 2006, they did not immediately produce political power. The way this country is going now, it's not going to result in political power for us for some time. So, we need to mobilize our allies: the labor movement, the broader civil rights movement, the African American community, the women's movement, and the peace and justice movement. We also need to mobilize our allies among international unions, which share the drive to build sustainable economic power and job creation in their own countries because it affects migration. All of this is very much related and we need to have a movement that understands and can function on all those levels.
But we don't always want to be "an immigrant rights movement" with allies. We need to be fighting with a strategy that reflects all of our interests. The National Network has always viewed itself as part of a broader social and economic justice movement and we try to raise awareness about that with our membership. We are not quite there yet but that's the kind of entity we're looking to build.
Hernandez: We also recognize now that we have to bring some of this back to a local level because you can't have meetings all the time in Washington, D.C., or across the world. Where you live is a place where you should also exercise power. I'm hoping that what we get out of this is people reaching out within their own communities and making the cities in which they live. We are all suffering from the effects of climate change right now and we recognize that we have no control over the problem internationally. But we can deal with it where we are.
Also, we have a lot more people who are poor than very rich. It's time to recognize that these numbers are very important. It's not just money. It's the numbers of people who reach the conclusion that we have to make certain changes.
Clarke: Juliet, do you have some final comments?
Ellis: I love the recommendation to look locally because that's where you can do the prototyping and figure out strategies that work. What we found from doing work in San Francisco is that it's about getting to know and understand how the unions actually work and figure out how to talk about race and class and gender. I think local is the way to scale up this work one community at a time to get to the type of aggregate change that we're talking about.
B. Jesse Clarke is the editor of Race, Poverty & the Environment. Preeti Shekar and Lisa Dettmer provided recording and editorial assistance for this interview.
Weaving the Threads | Vol. 17, No. 2 | Fall 2010 | Credits
Attachment | Size |
Clarke-Tactaquin-Hernandez-Ellis.womensroundtableRPE17-2.mp3 | 26.57 MB |


text:
Alice by Jenny Packham
I've received a few emails about "the" wedding dress that I finally chose. Today, Ekaterina kindly commented asking for a glimpse – so here it is. The dress is Alice by Jenny Packham. It wasn't necessarily the type of dress I thought would appeal to me; I expected more lace but it did have the classic line and fit I was looking for and hopefully a vintage feel. Now I'm faced with a dilemma – keep the dress, wrapped in tissue, to try on while hoovering or eating tea and biscuits on a rainy Sunday OR sell it, so that someone else may have some joy from the dress, other than the moths? The selfish side of me realllllly wants to keep it, perhaps as a weight gauge while middle-aged spread kicks in. The more giving side remembers how thrilled I was to find this dress in a sample sale at Wedlock, as the £1,400 original price-tag seemed too indulgent (bearing in mind our low-key nuptials.) The jury's still out on whether to sell or keep, I'll let you know.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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text:
Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
use Scalar::Util qw(blessed dualvar isdual readonly refaddr reftype
tainted weaken isweak isvstring looks_like_number
# and other useful utils appearing below
contains a selection of subroutines that people have expressed would be nice to have in the perl core, but the usage would not really be high enough to warrant the use of a keyword, and the size would be so small that being individual extensions would be wasteful.
By default Scalar::Util
does not export any subroutines.
The following functions all perform some useful activity on reference values.
my $pkg = blessed( $ref );
If $ref
is a blessed reference, the name of the package that it is blessed into is returned. Otherwise undef
is returned.
$scalar = "foo";
$class = blessed $scalar; # undef
$ref = [];
$class = blessed $ref; # undef
$obj = bless [], "Foo";
$class = blessed $obj; # "Foo"
Take care when using this function simply as a truth test (such as in if(blessed $ref)...
) because the package name "0"
is defined yet false.
my $addr = refaddr( $ref );
If $ref
is reference, the internal memory address of the referenced value is returned as a plain integer. Otherwise undef
is returned.
$addr = refaddr "string"; # undef
$addr = refaddr \$var; # eg 12345678
$addr = refaddr []; # eg 23456784
$obj = bless {}, "Foo";
$addr = refaddr $obj; # eg 88123488
my $type = reftype( $ref );
If $ref
is a reference, the basic Perl type of the variable referenced is returned as a plain string (such as ARRAY
or HASH
). Otherwise undef
is returned.
$type = reftype "string"; # undef
$type = reftype \$var; # SCALAR
$type = reftype []; # ARRAY
$obj = bless {}, "Foo";
$type = reftype $obj; # HASH
weaken( $ref );
The lvalue $ref
will be turned into a weak reference. This means that it will not hold a reference count on the object it references. Also, when the reference count on that object reaches zero, the reference will be set to undef. This function mutates the lvalue passed as its argument and returns no value.
This is useful for keeping copies of references, but you don't want to prevent the object being DESTROY-ed at its usual time.
my $var;
$ref = \$var;
weaken($ref); # Make $ref a weak reference
# $ref is now undef
Note that if you take a copy of a scalar with a weakened reference, the copy will be a strong reference.
my $var;
my $foo = \$var;
weaken($foo); # Make $foo a weak reference
my $bar = $foo; # $bar is now a strong reference
This may be less obvious in other situations, such as grep()
, for instance when grepping through a list of weakened references to objects that may have been destroyed already:
@object = grep { defined } @object;
This will indeed remove all references to destroyed objects, but the remaining references to objects will be strong, causing the remaining objects to never be destroyed because there is now always a strong reference to them in the @object array.
unweaken( $ref );
Since version 1.36.
The lvalue REF
will be turned from a weak reference back into a normal (strong) reference again. This function mutates the lvalue passed as its argument and returns no value. This undoes the action performed by "weaken".
This function is slightly neater and more convenient than the otherwise-equivalent code
my $tmp = $REF;
undef $REF;
$REF = $tmp;
(because in particular, simply assigning a weak reference back to itself does not work to unweaken it; $REF = $REF
does not work).
my $weak = isweak( $ref );
Returns true if $ref
is a weak reference.
$ref = \$foo;
$weak = isweak($ref); # false
$weak = isweak($ref); # true
NOTE: Copying a weak reference creates a normal, strong, reference.
$copy = $ref;
$weak = isweak($copy); # false
my $var = dualvar( $num, $string );
Returns a scalar that has the value $num
in a numeric context and the value $string
in a string context.
$foo = dualvar 10, "Hello";
$num = $foo + 2; # 12
$str = $foo . " world"; # Hello world
my $dual = isdual( $var );
Since version 1.26.
If $var
is a scalar that has both numeric and string values, the result is true.
$foo = dualvar 86, "Nix";
$dual = isdual($foo); # true
Note that a scalar can be made to have both string and numeric content through numeric operations:
$foo = "10";
$dual = isdual($foo); # false
$bar = $foo + 0;
$dual = isdual($foo); # true
Note that although $!
appears to be a dual-valued variable, it is actually implemented as a magical variable inside the interpreter:
$! = 1;
print("$!\n"); # "Operation not permitted"
$dual = isdual($!); # false
You can capture its numeric and string content using:
$err = dualvar $!, $!;
$dual = isdual($err); # true
my $vstring = isvstring( $var );
If $var
is a scalar which was coded as a vstring, the result is true.
$vs = v49.46.48;
$fmt = isvstring($vs) ? "%vd" : "%s"; #true
my $isnum = looks_like_number( $var );
Returns true if perl thinks $var
is a number. See "looks_like_number" in perlapi.
my $fh = openhandle( $fh );
Returns $fh
itself if $fh
may be used as a filehandle and is open, or is is a tied handle. Otherwise undef
is returned.
$fh = openhandle(*STDIN); # \*STDIN
$fh = openhandle(\*STDIN); # \*STDIN
$fh = openhandle(*NOTOPEN); # undef
$fh = openhandle("scalar"); # undef
my $ro = readonly( $var );
Returns true if $var
is readonly.
sub foo { readonly($_[0]) }
$readonly = foo($bar); # false
$readonly = foo(0); # true
my $code = set_prototype( $code, $prototype );
Sets the prototype of the function given by the $code
reference, or deletes it if $prototype
is undef
. Returns the $code
reference itself.
set_prototype \&foo, '$$';
my $t = tainted( $var );
Return true if $var
is tainted.
$taint = tainted("constant"); # false
$taint = tainted($ENV{PWD}); # true if running under -T
Module use may give one of the following errors during import.
The version of perl that you are using does not implement weak references, to use "isweak" or "weaken" you will need to use a newer release of perl.
The version of perl that you are using does not implement Vstrings, to use "isvstring" you will need to use a newer release of perl.
There is a bug in perl5.6.0 with UV's that are >= 1<<31. This will show up as tests 8 and 9 of dualvar.t failing
Copyright (c) 1997-2007 Graham Barr <email@example.com>. All rights reserved. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
Additionally "weaken" and "isweak" which are
Copyright (c) 1999 Tuomas J. Lukka <firstname.lastname@example.com>. All rights reserved. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as perl itself.
Copyright (C) 2004, 2008 Matthijs van Duin. All rights reserved. Copyright (C) 2014 cPanel Inc. All rights reserved. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.


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WARSAW, POLAND – The following statement on Roma and Sinti was delivered by the United States at the Human Dimension Implementation Meeting of the Organization for Security and Cooperation currently being held in Warsaw, Poland:
Roma and Sinti
Statement Delivered by Erika B. Schlager
U.S. Delegation to the
OSCE Human Dimension Implementation Meeting
My delegation is encouraged by the increased focus on the plight of Roma in the OSCE context and we commend the Chair-in-Office for convening last week's conference in Bucharest, which was successful and constructive. As participants at that meeting made abundantly clear, there is much more that both participating States and the OSCE can do to address these problems.
Unfortunately, as the High Commissioner on National Minorities said in his report, "even against the backcloth of a decade blighted by extreme forms of racist intolerance, the phenomenon of prejudice against Roma is singular."
In a number of OSCE countries, government officials continue to make broad sweeping statements denying that their Romani citizens experience human rights violations, denying that their Romani citizens face rampant discrimination, denying that their Romani citizens have any reason to flee racially motivated violence. In short, these governments deny that there is any legitimate reason their Romani citizens would have to leave the country and seek refuge elsewhere. We welcome the remarks of the representative of the UNHCR regarding Romani statelessness and displacement, which are issues that have long concerned the United States, and I'd like to expand further our discussion of Romani migration.
This is the pattern in recent years: Roma have left various countries in Central Europe, seeking asylum in other countries. Some of the Romani applicants have been found to have a well-founded fear of persecution, and accordingly, been granted asylum. In most instances, the applicants have not been found to have a well-founded fear of persecution and have been returned to their country of origin.
There has been a host of reactions from the governments of the countries of origin – unfortunately, almost all of them unhelpful. Many government officials have used the very fact that some Romani asylum applicants have not been found to have a well-founded fear of persecution to argue that this proves that Roma do not face human rights violations and are merely "economic migrants." But this argument does not withstand scrutiny.
First of all, the standard for a "well-founded fear of persecution" is a high one. Even when an applicant can prove that his or her human rights have been violated, it may not be enough to meet the "well-founded fear of persecution" test. In other words, while unremedied human rights violations may contribute to a finding that someone has a well-founded fear of persecution, the failure or inability of someone to demonstrate a well-founded fear of persecution does not prove that Roma do not face human rights violations.
Second, the reality is that there are many Roma – from Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and elsewhere – who have met this high standard and who have been granted asylum in some other country. When public officials or newspapers observe that "most Roma have failed to gain asylum," this phrasing masks the reality that, in fact, hundreds and hundreds of Roma from across Central and Southern Europe have been granted asylum in other countries.
Third, we should examine the concept of "economic migrants" more closely. In the transition from a command- to a market-economy, Roma are among the most vulnerable segments of society. They are typically the first fired and last hired. They face discrimination when they seek jobs and often when they seek job training as well. They are sometimes prevented from moving from one town to another, where they might find work. In countries like the Czech Republic and Hungary, governments have failed to put an end to what is, de facto, a segregated system of education that leave Roma disproportionately undereducated and unprepared for the modern workforce. In short, while many Roma may have economic reasons for moving to a new country, it is ultimately violations of their basic rights, including the right to non-discrimination in labor, housing and education, which has left them so economically marginalized. Such marginalization leaves Romani women especially at risk of other human rights violations, such as being trafficked into prostitution and other slavery like conditions.
I am not, of course, suggesting that all Roma be viewed automatically as having a well-founded fear of persecution and I reject the idea that Roma should be granted a standard of freedom of movement not given to others. The United States is a country whose shores swell with people seeking to enter for many legitimate purposes – as well as for many illegitimate purposes. We respect the necessity of countries to control their borders, to regulate entry onto their territories, and to make the difficult decisions required in reviewing every application for asylum.
But if Roma are to feel secure in their countries of origin, if they are to feel that they and their children have a future in their countries of birth, then we must address the fundamental reasons that Roma are seeking refuge in such extraordinary numbers. Schools must be desegregated; discrimination in employment, housing, education and public places must be punished; and, what is most important, when public leaders are faced with manifestations of racism against Roma, their silence must end. In this regard, I welcome of the statement of the representative of Slovakia regarding the death in police custody of Karol Sendrei and hope the Slovak delegation to the OSCE will keep us informed of developments in the investigation of that death.
Finally, at the outset of this session, our moderator asked us to reflect on the Istanbul Summit document's proposed action plan. We welcome the direct engagement of the ODIHR on Romani issues especially, but not only, in crisis situations. We believe it would be useful to consider expanding the ODIHR mandate to facilitate monitoring of concerns relating to Roma and would welcome having the Senior Advisor discuss Romani issues at meetings of the Permanent Council. We also believe it is time to give additional support to the ODIHR's work on Romani issues. This should be manifested through additional funding and staffing, in particular to facilitate the hiring of a project manner.


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What is DDR3 Memory?
Module densities: from 256MByte up to 8GByte for standard JEDEC modules. Higher module densities beyond 8Gbyte for special applications like servers may be introduced later on.
Features* DDR3 SDRAM Components:
DDR3 Modules:
Elpida DDR3 DIMM module
Advantages compared to DDR2
DDR3 SDRAM will be packaged in a DIMM modules form factor.
Memory market research company iSuppli expected DDR3 DRAM products to replace their predecessor DDR2 as the main volume product in 2008. iSuppli forcasts a DDR3 market share of 55% the same year. IDC predicted that the first DDR3 memory will be commercially sold in 2006, whereas in 2009 market share of DDR3 will be 65%.
By: DocMemoryCopyright © 2023 CST, Inc. All Rights Reserved


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Please ring us for further information:
00353 (0)53 94 30866
Solitaire diamond ring featuring a round brilliant centre stone with a half castle set band.
Setting available in white gold, yellow gold, rose gold and platinum. Sample image shown with a 1.50ct diamond.
The price listed is for the setting only and does not include the centre diamond. Select this setting to proceed to the next step.
Diamond carat refers to the weight of a diamond, not its size. The term "carat" originates from the carob seeds that were historically used as balance scales to measure precious stones. It's important to note that carat weight doesn't directly translate to size, as the cut, shape, and depth of a diamond can influence its overall appearance.
When assessing diamonds, carat weight is one of the "Four Cs" (along with cut, colour, and clarity) used to determine the stone's quality and value.
Diamond colour refers to the presence or absence of colour in white diamonds. Diamonds are graded on a scale from D (colourless) to Z (light yellow or brown). Truly colourless diamonds, graded as D, are rare and highly valued, while diamonds with noticeable colour, closer to the Z grade, are less valuable.
The colour of a diamond can affect its brilliance as colours can act as a filter, impacting the spectrum of light emitted. When evaluating diamonds, colour is one of the "Four Cs" (along with carat, cut, and clarity) used to determine the stone's quality and value.
Diamond clarity refers to the presence of internal or external imperfections, known as inclusions and blemishes, respectively. These imperfections can range from tiny, nearly invisible flaws to noticeable marks. Clarity grades vary from "Flawless" (no inclusions or blemishes visible under 10x magnification) to "Included" (inclusions and/or blemishes visible to the naked eye).
Most diamonds have imperfections that are microscopic and do not affect the stone's beauty to the unaided eye. Clarity is one of the "Four Cs" (along with carat, cut, and colour) used to assess a diamond's quality and value.
Diamond cut refers to how well a diamond has been shaped and faceted, impacting its overall brilliance and appearance. It encompasses proportions, symmetry, and polish, determining how efficiently the diamond captures light and reflects it back to the viewer's eye. A well-cut diamond will exhibit brilliance (the total light reflected), fire (the dispersion of light into colours), and scintillation (the pattern of light and dark areas and the flashes of light or sparkle).
The quality of the cut is graded from Excellent to Poor. Among the "Four Cs" (carat, colour, clarity, and cut), the cut is crucial as it directly influences a diamond's sparkle and overall aesthetic appeal.
Diamond certification is a document provided by an accredited gemological laboratory that details a diamond's specific characteristics and quality attributes. The certificate includes information about the diamond's carat weight, cut quality, color grade, clarity grade, and other identifying features such as fluorescence and inclusions. It serves as an objective assessment and verification of a diamond's attributes and can be invaluable for insurance, resale, and ensuring consumers are getting a genuine product.
When purchasing a diamond, it's recommended to choose one that has been certified by a reputable laboratory to guarantee its authenticity and value.
Diamond polish refers to the smoothness of the diamond's surface after it has been faceted in the cutting process. It evaluates the quality of the finish on the diamond's facets, with imperfections ranging from tiny lines to surface graininess. High-quality polish enhances the diamond's ability to reflect light, maximising its brilliance.
Polish is graded on a scale ranging from "Excellent" to "Poor". While minor polish imperfections are often microscopic and challenging to discern with the naked eye, they can influence the overall quality and value of the diamond, especially in higher-grade stones.
Diamond symmetry refers to the precise arrangement and evenness of a diamond's facets and their alignment to one another. It evaluates how the facets of a diamond intersect, the alignment of the table in relation to the girdle, and the balance and uniformity of the stone's overall shape.
Proper symmetry ensures optimal reflection and refraction of light within the diamond, enhancing its brilliance and fire. Flaws in symmetry, such as misaligned facets or an off-center culet, can compromise a diamond's light performance. When grading a diamond, symmetry is assessed on a scale, with grades ranging from "Excellent" to "Poor".
Diamond fluorescence refers to a diamond's ability to emit visible light when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Not all diamonds exhibit fluorescence, but for those that do, the light they emit can range in intensity from faint to very strong and can appear in various colours, with blue being the most common.
While fluorescence can sometimes enhance a diamond's appearance, making lower-colour diamonds look whiter under certain lighting conditions, it can also potentially cause a hazy or oily look in some stones. The presence and strength of fluorescence is a factor considered in the overall grading and valuation of diamonds.
The diamond table refers to the large flat facet on the top of a diamond, serving as a window into its interior. It's the largest facet on a diamond and plays a crucial role in determining the stone's brilliance.
The size of the table, typically represented as a percentage relative to the diamond's width, affects how light enters and exits the diamond. An ideally proportioned table allows for maximum light return, enhancing the diamond's sparkle and overall appearance. The table size, in conjunction with other factors like depth and angles, is vital in achieving optimal light performance, making it a key consideration in diamond grading.
Diamond depth refers to the height of the diamond, measured from the culet (the point or bottom facet) to the table (the top flat facet). Expressed as a percentage of the diamond's overall diameter, depth is crucial in determining how light travels within the diamond and subsequently, its brilliance and fire.
A diamond that's too shallow or too deep can cause light to escape through the sides or bottom, reducing its sparkle. The ideal depth percentage varies based on the diamond's cut and shape. Alongside other factors like table size, angles, and facet arrangement, depth plays a pivotal role in the overall light performance and appearance of the diamond.


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Mac OS X 10.10.4, which is released on June 30, 2015 and the upcoming 10.11 "El Capitan" will allow the user to enable TRIM on third party SSDs. They include a command trimforce
to make this happen. If you don't want to upgrade and still want to stick with 10.10.3. There is still a way to do it. I found a guide that showed me how to enable TRIM to on 10.10.3 to support TRIM without disabling kext signing or patching the system file IOAHCIFamily.kext
by just adding one Apple signed system file AppleDataSetManagement.kext
from El Capitan.
Continue reading Yosemite SSD TRIM Support on 10.10.3+ Without Patching System Files


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Ammunition Dumped at Sea
Little is known about the risks posed to cetacean populations by weapons of war that were dumped at sea. However, it is clear that the conventional ammunition removal by blasting is not only dangerous for humans, but also represents a particular hazard to cetaceans. High sound pressure and explosion-related shock waves can lead to severe injury and hearing impairment in marine mammals at considerable distance from detonation sites. In addition, the animals and their habitat may be affected by chemicals released due to the explosion or from decaying weapons.
Large quantities of ammunition from World Wars I and II as well as the cold war period are still found throughout the ASCOBANS Area. For example, in German waters of the North and Baltic Seas, an estimated amount of at least 500,000 tons of ammunition is still lying dormant. ASCOBANS members try to engage with the military officials and environmental agencies responsible for removing unexploded ordnance to make sure that it is done safely for any cetaceans present in the vicinity. Some Parties (e.g. Poland, Germany, Sweden and the United Kingdom) also reported that mitigation measures have already been put in already in place. Porpoises have been scared away from dangerous areas using pingers and small explosions. Bubble curtains were used (e.g. in German waters) to reduce the sound pressure level.


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The Book of Truth
- Chapter 1119 -
I Use Sacrificial Souls to Bring Others to Me, who Would Never Be Saved Otherwise
Wednesday, May 7th, 2014 @ 23:43
My dearly beloved daughter, when I call on souls to follow Me, this results in a mix of feelings, from being exultant to great distress. For, when I awaken within souls, the Fire of the Holy Spirit, this will bring great Blessings, but they will come tinged with a sense of sorrow.
When I choose which souls are deserving of My Gifts, they will experience a sense of belonging to Me, but they will also feel somewhat external to the world in which they live. They will see their fellow brothers and sisters in a new light. They will be extra sensitive to the beauty of God's Creation, when they look into the faces of others, because they will see the Presence of God. Not one soul they encounter will not exude the Presence of God, no matter how far they may have fallen in His Eyes. They will also be filled with an overwhelming compassion, which only a parent can feel for his own child. They will feel a sudden and intense love for that person, which will astonish and shock them. However, they will also be aware of the darkness, which lurks within souls, ready to devour them. The chosen soul will realize instantly, at that point, what it is that is expected of him, because that is when he will run to Me, begging Me to help salvage those souls, who are in danger of plunging into a state of darkness, so fearful will he be for that soul.
A victim soul, a chosen soul, gives up all that is external in their lives and by doing this, gives great glory to God. The suffering that the chosen soul has to endure releases other souls from eternal damnation and, as a result, becomes the most sought out target of Satan and his agents. Such souls endure My Passion, as a Gift to God, for once chosen, most of them cannot turn their backs on God after that. There are those, however, who are chosen, but who refuse My Cup. You must pray for these poor souls because their lack of courage, in taking up My Cross, will lead them in one of two directions. They will endure internal suffering, because they will find it difficult to become close to Me. Then they will become engrossed in a secular world, in order to escape from their calling and this will bring them nothing – only a sense of false hope.
When a loving soul prays and humbles himself, before Me, he appeases the Anger of My Father. This then dilutes the impact of My Father's Chastisements upon the world. If a chosen soul, who is persecuted because of his love for Me, and who is beyond endurance, were only to say to Me: "Jesus take my suffering and do with it as You please." then I would lavish upon him extraordinary Graces. The soul would become immune to evil and then be fearless. Because of his complete trust in Me, he would then rise to a perfection of soul and attain a peaceful and calm demeanor. So much sacrifice is involved, but when such souls surrender all to Me, in complete obedience, and refuses to engage with the enemy of My Word, this will result in the salvation of many souls.
I use sacrificial souls to bring others to Me, who would never be saved otherwise. It is by this method, alone, that such victim souls will and can atone for the souls of millions of people, who have cut the umbilical cord from Me. Never fear too much for souls in darkness, at this time, for My chosen victim souls in the world are in great numbers right now. Their serenity brings the souls who are lost back into My Refuge.
Your Jesus


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AF Growth Boost is a supplement for growth acceleration. It is designed for all kinds of corals. Due to the unique composition of carefully selected amino acids, it significantly improves coral polyps extension. The use of AF Growth Boost allows to complement deficiencies and significantly enhance metabolism. The preparation was enriched with calcium carbonate, which is used by corals for building skeletons. Specially selected formula of the preparation significantly accelerates the calcification process and high content of amino acids ensures healthy growth. Due to the perfectly balanced formula, AF Growth Boost significantly accelerates the growth of the coral frags and facilitates their adaptation to new conditions.
Dosage: 1 measuring spoon per 100 l of water after lights out. All powdered coral supplements have a recommended dosage of 1 spoon per 100 l (27 US gal) of water, though, it's important that each aquarium is different and the dosage may vary depending on the coral cast. We recommend to start dosing foods and supplements at half of the recommended dose or (even ¼) of the recommended amount and observe the corals and their reaction to the administered food. Once the aquarium shows no sign of overdose, we recommend increasing dosage to the target dose. Corals such as Zoanthus, Ricordea and other mushroom corals should be fed during the day. In order to facilitate the food absorption, SPS and LPS corals should be fed after lights out. In order to ensure the best nutrient absorption, all supplements and foods for corals should be dispensed directly into the aquarium. During the feeding we recommend switching off the skimmer for about an hour.


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English Cocker Spaniel Breeders
Silvershadow Kennels
Ontario, Canada
Tel.: 416-383-1728
E-mail: email@example.com
Website: www.silvershadowkennels.com
We breed and show English Cocker Spaniels and Miniature Schnauzers.
We are a small kennel having a couple litters a year. Our goal is to carefully select the best breeding stock in order to provide the best quality puppies.
We breed our dogs in accordance with the Canadian Kennel Club standards.
For more information, see our website at:
Breeder Listings by Region
Breed Listing
- Click for Breeder Advertising Options -
If you would like to advertise on the Canada's Guide to Dogs website, please select from the following links for advertising options and details:
— A basic text advertisement that includes full contact information, including links to websites, social media, and email. - DELUXE ADVERTISEMENT
— A Photo advertisement with up to 100 words of text as well as all "Basic" information. - FEATURED BREEDER DISPLAY ADVERTISEMENT ***
— (*** Available exclusively to Deluxe Listing Advertisers.) Large graphic display page advertisements rotated amongst participating breeders. - "WE HAVE PUPPIES" GRAPHIC LINK
— (Available to all listed Breeders.) Graphic added to advertisements or text links. (We do not provide a "Puppies for Sale" Classifieds type section.) - "STUD SERVICE"
— (Available to all listed Breeders.) Graphic added to advertisements or text links. - BANNER ADVERTISEMENTS
— Click here to view additional advertising options. - FREE TEXT LINK
— Complete the "Breeder Questionnaire" to have your text link added to the listing.
If you are considering the adoption of a puppy of any breed, it is very important to be selective in choosing a responsible and reputable breeder. While it is our goal on this website to only include listings of responsible and ethical breeders of purebred dogs, and there is certain criteria that must be met in order to be listed, we can only rely on the honesty of those submitting the request. Therefore, we cannot recommend, nor do we endorse or support any one of these listings. If you are looking to purchase a puppy, it is your responsibility to do your research in learning what to look for in a breeder. (For more information on selecting a breeder, see the articles on the main Breed/Breeders section: Information for the New Puppy/Dog Owner.)
In addition to the Breeders listed here, the Breed Clubs generally include listings of member Breeders on their web sites and, if not, then a listing can usually be obtained either by e-mail or telephone. We do not randomly add Breeders to any listing. All Breeders listed have requested to be included either via a general link or paid advertising.
If a young pup is not an absolute requirement for you, then considering the adoption of a dog from a rescue organization or shelter is strongly recommended. Each individual breed section on the Canada's Guide to Dogs web site includes listings of Rescue Organizations specific to the breed. In addition, Breeders occasionally have young adults available and many also take in rescued dogs. To learn more about adopting a rescue dog, please see the Rescue Organizations & Shelters section of the web site. This section includes several articles and general information along with listings of shelters and rescue organizations that are not breed specific from across Canada.
The purchase or sale of any dog is strictly between the buyer and seller. Accuracy of information for all advertisements is the sole responsibility of the advertiser and we cannot be held responsible for any misrepresentation.
Quick Links
Get In Touch
- Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
- Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
- Visit us on Facebook: www.facebook.com/CanadasGuideToDogs
CanadasGuideToDogs.com is an Amazon Associate as well as a participant in various affiliate programs, as such fees are earned from qualifying purchases.


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Quality Attic Insulation in Plainfield, IL
Without properly insulating your home, you will end up with higher electric bills year round. Insulation is one of the most important contributing factors to energy efficiency and temperature regulation. In a way you can think of insulation as a blanket for your home – It keeps hot and cold temperatures in while helping your furnace and air conditioner maintain a consistent temperature throughout your home.
There are a few types of commonly used insulation:
- Cellulose Insulation: Made out of recycled or treated paper, this blown in insulation is perfect for attics as well as closed in wall cavities.
- Fiberglass Insulation: This style of insulation is made out of a fiber reinforced polymer, typically used in easily accessible areas and many new construction projects
- Injection Foam Insulation: Injection foam is inserted through small openings in your walls and expands to fill in the empty space.
- Spray Foam Insulation: Used in band joists, near electrical penetrations, around plumbing and more. In difficult to reach areas, spray foam is the ideal option because it expands to fill the area.
When you work with Chicago Insulation Pros we will determine the type of insulation to install in your home based off of the accessibility of the area that needs to be insulated, your budget, cost of insulation, characteristics of the material you are using and more.
With January temperatures in the Chicago metropolitan area averaging around 21°F you need to have ultimate control over your heating system as well as efficiency. Quality insulation can help you regulate the heat in your home as well as keep more cool air in throughout July when the average temperature is 73°F.
Because of temperature variances throughout the year surrounding Chicago, a qualified insulation contractor will have to use specific types of insulation especially for upgrading the older brick style properties in the Chicagoland area.
The main insulation of choice in this area ranges from
- Spray foam for trouble spots
- Fiberglass for new construction where there is access
- Loose cellulose for attics and older homes requiring updated insulation
Replacing the insulation in your home can help you not only better regulate the temperature throughout your home but also save money on energy today. If you need insulation contractors for upgrades or new construction projects call Chicago Insulation Pros today at (773) 355-4664 to learn more about your options.
Service Information
City: Plainfield, Illinois
County: Will County, Illinois
Zip Codes Served: 60544, 60585, 60586
Energy Efficiency Programs
Looking to make your home more energy efficient? There are a number of programs in the state of Illinois that offer rebates and savings just for having your home insulated! You can find additional savings through Nicor Gas, Peoples Gas, and North Shore Gas.


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We are pleased to have partnered with the Greenwich Arts Council for From the Ground Up: ART Inspired by Nature, at the Bendheim Gallery in Greenwich through October 29th. The exhibition is beautifully installed by Gallery Director and the gallery space is quiet and contemplative. There are three small galleries and a dramatic entry space, where works by Jane Balsgaard, Gyöngy Laky and Stéphanie Jacques join Dawn Mac Nutt's willow figures, companions to the bronze MacNutt figure that stands in front of the Arts Council Building.
Paintings are interspersed with photographs and sculptures of natural materials, providing viewers a varied view of nature as envisioned by artists. There are 12 in this exhibition, from the US and abroad: Jane Balsgaard, Laura Cunningham, Stéphanie Jacques, Donald Landsman, Gyöngy Laky, Dawn MacNutt, John McQueen, Kyle Norton, Ángel Mieres, Lizzy Rockwell, Hisako Sekijima and Masako Yoshida.
The exhibition includes paintings by Ángel Mieres, born in Caracas, Venezuela, whose vibrant, bright works are an abstract exploration of fragile, natural motifs, such as butterflies or flowers.
Kyle Norton, who studied photography at Rochester Institute of Photography, takes lush photographs of fruits and vegetables, magnifies their size from a few inches to a dramatic three feet or so — offering nature up close and personal, as it were.
John McQueen's three-dimensional works are made of natural materials — twigs, bark, cardboard — he prides himself on not needing to go the arts supply store. In Same Difference, for example, the juxtaposition of detailed sculptures of the Hindu god, Ganesh, a bonsai and a sump pump is visually engaging. When McQueen explains the simple and smart connection amongst the three —all soak up water, through a trunk, root system or a pump — the work can be appreciated on additional level.
In front of the building that houses the Bendheim Gallery stands Dawn MacNutt's Timeless Form and viewers have an opportunity to hear her speak about it's creation through a mobile device link. You can hear her here:
From the Ground Up: ART inspired by Nature, will be at the Bendheim Gallery, Greenwich Arts Council, 299 Greenwich Avenue, Greenwich, CT, 06830 . P 203.862.6750 F 203.862.6753 . email@example.com through October 29th. The Arts Council's Gala, Arts Alive will be on October 17th at the Art Center. To buy a ticket, go to: http://www.greenwichartscouncil.org/Arts-Alive.html.


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Ariana Grande Just Ended Her Nasty Feud With Piers Morgan
Ariana Grande and Piers Morgan's feud is finally over.
Their beef stems back to 2018, when Morgan made a series of rude comments about the members of Little Mix and, eventually, Grande, claiming that she uses sexuality rather than talent to sell records. The pair have gone back and forth for months at random, but the war is finally over – and fans can't believe how it ended.
On Wednesday morning, Morgan thanked Grande "for a great night," which confused her fans. The "7 Rings" singer responded with her own thanks, revealing that she and Morgan shared "some laughs and some v productive conversation." Her tweet also featured the hashtags "#FutureFeministPiers" and "#FingersCrossed."
Grande's fans were immediately confused by the exchange, especially after months of the two trading barbs on Twitter. One fan even joked, "the simulation is glitching."
The Grammy Award-winning musician revealed that she ran into Morgan at a restaurant, and decided to sit and have a conversation with him. Grande said "some progress was made," and the pair came out of it with a better understanding of one another.
"Well............ we bumped into each other. at a restaurant. and i decided to sit with him and we spoke for a while. i think some progress was made! turns out face to face discussions are a bit kinder and gentler, even if you do indeed disagree. :)," she shared.
Fans praised Grande for being so mature in handling her drama with Morgan. Some even hailed her "an incredible role model."
"at least u guys were adults ab it," one tweeted.
Another said, "You are such an incredible role model Ariana. You handle everything with grace and maturity. Thank you so much for leading with such an amazing example."
The drama kicked off in November 2018, when Morgan retweeted a story about Little Mix's Jesy Nelson sharing a "sultry snap." Morgan shamed her over the photo, tweeting that she looked "ridiculous," and should "put some clothes on." He then came after the group for a nude photo of them covered in mean words that have been said about them. Morgan accused the group of stealing the idea from the Dixie Chicks, who did it for an Entertainment Weekly cover.
Joan Grande, bothered by Morgan's comments, jumped in, slamming him for attacking Little Mix, Ellen Degeneres, and more. The pop star's mother called his actions "disgraceful," adding that if he had "nothing nice to say, don't say it." Morgan fired back, saying he "would prefer [Little Mix] to use their talent to sell records rather than their nudity, and then accused Ariana of doing the same.
"I use my talent AND my sexuality all the time because I choose to," she responded. "Women can be sexual AND talented. Naked and dignified. It's OUR choice."
Ariana continued, "i say this with all due respect but thank u, next."
She added that she was looking "forward to the day you realize there are other ways to go about making yourself relevant than to criticize" young famous women. Ariana said it would be good for Morgan to make that shift professionally.
"i think that'll be a beautiful thing for you and your career or what's left of it," she wrote.
Grande hasn't said any more on her squashed beef with Morgan.


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US Presswire photo Yu Darvish will pitch in the United States in 2012. |
Darvish made it official late last night, posting on his personal blog that he has decided to use the posting system in place in Japan to make himself available to major-league clubs.
So, will the Nationals submit a bid for the 25-year-old right-hander? Mike Rizzo was coy about the subject when asked this morning following the Rule 5 draft.
"We're not going to comment on if we're going to submit a bid or not," the general manager said. "Strategically, it doesn't benefit us to announce if we're going to bid or not on him. We've scouted him. We recognize his ability levels."
The Nationals have been scouting Darvish for several years and have a strong opinion of him, so it's expected they will submit some kind of bid. How much they're willing to spend, however, remains a mystery.
The posting system gives teams four days to submit blind bids, simply for the rights to negotiate with Darvish. Darvish's Japanese club, the Hokkaido Nippon Ham Fighters, then have four days to select a bid (typically the club that offers the most money).
Once the major-league club has been, Darvish and that team have 30 days to negotiate a contract. If they somehow don't come to terms, he would go back to the Fighters and the posting fee would be returned to the major-league club.
Darvish is expected to command a total package similar, and likely greater, than the one that brought Daisuke Matsuzaka to the Red Sox in 2006. The Red Sox wound up paying $51.1 million in a posting fee to the Seibu Lions, then gave Matsuzaka a six-year, $52 million contract.
Since they won't know how much other clubs are offering through the blind posting system, the Nationals will have to determine for themselves how much they're willing to spend.
"I think you have to first approximate what your tolerance threshold is on what you would pay him total, with the posting fee and a major-league contract," Rizzo said. "And you have to strategically put together a plan to: a) get the player in the post, and b) see if you can afford to get the player in the post, pay the posting fee and then sign the player to a major-league contract."
The track record for Japanese pitchers coming to the United States isn't strong. Hideo Nomo (123-109, 4.24 ERA in 318 career starts) is the only Japanese-born pitcher to win more than 51 games or make more than 200 starts in the big leagues. Matsuzaka is 49-30 with a 4.25 ERA in 105 career starts and is currently recovering from Tommy John surgery.
Darvish, though, may be a different animal. The son of an Iranian father and a Japanese mother, the 6-foot-5 right-hander went 18-6 with a 1.44 ERA and 276 strikeouts this season. He throws as many as seven pitches, including a fastball clocked in the mid-90s, and was the ace of the Japanese national team that won the 2009 World Baseball Classic.
"I think he's got a complete package," Rizzo said. "He's a physical guy with stuff that knows how to pitch and has had success at a substantially high level of competition."