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Become a CBN partner and receive The Transforming Word: Verses to Overcome Fear and Experience Peace, our special DVD/CD gift to you.
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Read other stories of redemption from drugs:
Drug Addict Trusts God's Power to Deliver Her
Redemption Songs: The Music and the Journey of Shawn McDonald
CBN.com Danny Velasco lived the high life as a celebrity hair and make-up artist until drugs had him living on the streets of New York City. In this David Kithcart interview, Danny tells The 700 Club how the Lord rescued him from nearly going insane.
Danny Velasco: I never had boundaries. I did anything I wanted to do any time I wanted to do it, anywhere I wanted to do it, and with anybody I wanted to do it with.
Wanda Brickner: I met Danny on a fashion shoot. When someone is touching your face and hair, you become somewhat conversationally intimate with that person almost instantly. When I met him, he was still Mr. Fabulous. He had on his black cashmere, and he was drinking his martini and living on top of the world. At the time I didn't realize that he was on the beginning of the slide downward.
Danny: As a hairdresser and makeup artist for a lot of celebrities and fashion magazines, I was pulling in $3,000 a day. That was my rate for being in the studio but that fell apart. I began to overdose a lot on photo shoots, and once you start overdosing, you cross a line. You become an insurance risk. Suddenly I was blackballed in the business.
David Kithcart: Did you have any kind of sense of who you were?
Danny: No, I absolutely didn't. Even when I was at the height of this amazing career, I always was the guy who felt out of place. I always felt like I didn't really belong. I always felt empty and lonely.
Wanda: It was through relationship, time, listening to some of the details of his life, and then through seeing him sliding downward that I knew this is someone I have to share the gospel with.
Danny: I just thought she was crazy to be honest with you. I thought she was a religious fanatic.
Wanda: By the time our lives had become intertwined, he was losing weight very fast. He was no longer wearing cashmere. I had the sense of "Wow. If he doesn't find God, he's going to die."
Danny: Drugs had taken me to a point where one day my whole world had collapsed. I took a garbage can, and I began to cut up anything that had my name on it. I walked out of a 5,000 square foot loft, pulled the door behind me, and never went back. I began to live on the streets.
David: But why did you cut up your cards? Why did you destroy your identity?
Danny: I knew that I would die on the street, and I didn't want to be recognized. I didn't want my family to be called. I was resigned to the fact that I was going to die on the street and that was it.
David: Did you do drugs out [there]?
Danny: Yeah. Just sit around and shoot dope. In the mornings you'd see all the syringes.
I had an agent that I used to call from the streets every couple of days collect from a pay phone. Every once in a while she would say, "This girl Wanda, the model from Ford's, has been calling. She wants you to call her."
I distinctly remember [Wanda] saying to me, "Danny, the day you call on the Lord, He's going to set you free." I said, "Well, you know what? That'll never happen 'cause I will never call on the name of the Lord." She said, "I just want you to remember that."
I had begun to develop a lot of phobias and things that were just unnatural. I started developing a lot of voices in my head. One voice started spewing filthy language in my head, just filthy, unconnected, disjointed words while the other voice was accusing. Then another voice had joined in that was just laughing and laughing and laughing. I had gone from this kind of celebrated person to this crazy man living on the streets of New York talking to himself, laughing, and cursing.
I was starving to death. I had gotten down to 108 pounds. I had hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C all at the same time.
I got off the train. I remember stumbling to this hospital that I saw. When I woke up, I was in a hospital bed, and I was lying in my own vomit. All the voices were screaming in my head.
There was one moment where I heard like a sweet voice that said, "The day you call on the name of the Lord, He's going to set you free." That's when I began to cry out to God. I didn't know how to pray. I didn't know really what I was saying. I was just saying, "Jesus, help me. Save me. You're my only hope. I have no other hope." That's the moment that I'll never forget 'cause at that moment the spirit of the living God just swept into that hospital room.
All of the voices in my head stopped and all the fears and phobias just dropped away from me. I knew that I was in the presence of God. I knew that the spirit of God was in the room healing me and changing me.
I went directly from that hospital into a Christian rehab. I just began to devour God's Word. It was like I was a hungry man feasting on the Word of God.
Wanda: I opened this letter, and it's from Danny. He began to tell me about how he had become a Christian.
Danny: I came and stayed with her and her husband in their apartment. We went to Brooklyn Tabernacle.
Pastor Cymbala said something from the pulpit, "You want to hear a great miracle? Danny Velasco got saved, and he's sitting right there." And the place went nuts. They all knew me as this 108-pound drug addict living on the street. They had all been praying for me.
I know that God is real and that He heard me. He was as close as the mention of His name and whoever calls on the name of the Lord will be saved.
A caring friend will be there to pray with you in your time of need.


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Horoscope Poem for Scorpio 2013
Well, in January investments
In realty are successful!
Love intrigues and some confusion –
Yes, in March you have illusions.
In the end of March and April
You work hard and also tensely.
You depend on partners strongly
So in May you won't feel lonely!
And in May some magic forces
Bring the luck to joint process!
Education, foreign countries
Will assist in your advancement.
But you should expect a battle.
In the summer it will happen.
In November your decisions
Change your life and change your vision!
In December benefactors
May support some your endeavours.

subset: commoncrawl


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by thomtrainor on Aug.04, 2016, under Announcements, Artist Spotlight
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Dragon*Con Comics and Pop Art is a celebration of the visual arts, committed to presenting some of the most uniquely talented and exciting creators in the world of illustration and toy design. With a stellar lineup of attending artists, writers, publishers and galleries, as well as a diverse mix of panels, presentations and special events, Comics and Pop Art gives Dragon*Con an opportunity to cultivate a true community of pop art enthusiasts on both sides of the table.
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This is the final installment of an eight-part history of the Transatlantic Counterjihad. Links to the first seven parts are at the bottom of this post.
Once again, thank you to the Counterjihad Collective for undertaking this project.
A Brief History of the Transatlantic Counterjihad
by the Counterjihad Collective
VII. Observations and General Conclusions
In the Classical Liberal Tradition: The Transatlantic Counterjihad
Observers on the political scene and in the mainstream media generally refer to the opponents of sharia as "right-wing extremists". Commentators routinely place anti-Islamization activists beyond the pale of acceptable political discourse, and always far to the "right".
Nothing could be further from the truth: the Counterjihad stands squarely in the middle of the classical liberal tradition. Consider some of the characteristics of the anti-sharia movement:
- Civil Liberties. Those who oppose Islamization are strong advocates of civil liberties as defined by the United States Constitution and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. They are especially adamant about the right to speak and publish freely, since this right is the one most frequently infringed by states wishing to silence them. Their opponents, on the other hand, strive to constrain speech that criticizes Islam or sharia, or that offends Muslims. Such suppression helps enforce one of the most basic tenets of Islamic law.
- The rights of women. Critics of sharia object to the provisions of Islamic law that relegate women to second-class status, deny them the right to vote, reduce the weight of their testimony in a court of law, and otherwise infringe upon what the West considers their universal rights. Opponents of the Counterjihad take the illiberal position that Islam's treatment of women is "cultural", and therefore sacrosanct under the doctrine of Multiculturalism.
- The rights of homosexuals. Islam mandates severe punishments for homosexuality, including death. Critics of sharia strongly support the rights of gay people to have freedom in their intimate relations. Opponents of the Counterjihad are reduced to supporting Islamic regimes that put homosexuals to death.
- Religious freedom. Islam forbids its adherents to convert out of the faith, or to become atheists. This is termed "apostasy", and the punishment prescribed by all major schools of Islamic jurisprudence, both Sunni and Shi'ite, is death. The Counterjihad takes the traditionally liberal position that freedom of religion is an absolute right, and a citizen may adopt any religion he chooses, or no religion at all. Critics of the Counterjihad are thus forced to support the right of Islam to punish apostates.
- Opposition to religiously-sanctioned violence. Violent warfare against infidels is prescribed by the Koran, the hadith, and the Sunna of the Prophet. All faithful Muslims are required to follow the example of Mohammed and wage war against non-Muslims, or give material support to those who do. Therefore, those who oppose the Counterjihad are supporting the Islamic right to wage jihad, which right is held not just by Islamic states, but individually, by all believers in Islam.
As may be seen from the above examples, supporters of the Counterjihad are staunch advocates for the classical liberal tradition in both its European and American forms. Opponents of the Counterjihad assume positions that are coercive and repressive. When taken to their logical conclusion, their policies are indistinguishable from those practiced by the Fascists, Nazis, and Communists during the 1930s.
This is not really surprising. To oppose the Counterjihad is, in a sense, to support jihad. Jihad, as understood by Islamic law, requires the imposition of sharia on the entire world by coercive totalitarian means. This is why the methods of governance employed by Islamic theocracies closely resemble those of fascist regimes. Islam found a brother ideology in National Socialism during the Second World War, and the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem was one of Adolf Hitler's most devoted supporters.
The Emerging Consensus: Multiculturalism has Failed
British Prime Minister David Cameron, German Chancellor Angela Merkel, and French President Nicolas Sarkozy have all stated on various occasions that "Multiculturalism has failed".
A number of political parties have emerged in Europe during the past ten years that make opposition to mass immigration and Multiculturalism one of their major political principles. Among them are:
Austria: | Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs (Austrian Freedom Party, FPÖ) | |
Belgium: | Vlaams Belang (Flemish Interest, VB) | |
Denmark: | Dansk Folkeparti (Danish People's Party, DF) | |
Finland: | Perussuomalaiset (True Finns) | |
France: | Bloc Identitaire | |
Germany: | Die Freiheit (Freedom) | |
The Netherlands: | Partij voor de Vrijheid (Party for Freedom, PVV) | |
Norway: | Fremskrittspartiet (The Progress Party) | |
Sweden: | Sverigedemokraterna (The Sweden Democrats, SD) | |
Switzerland: | Schweizerische Volkspartei (Swiss People's Party, SVP), also called Union Démocratique du Centre (Democratic Union of the Centre, UDC), Unione Democratica di Centro (Democratic Union of the Centre), and Partida Populara Svizra (Swiss People's Party) | |
The UK: | British Freedom (BF), United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP), and the British National Party (BNP) | |
In additional to formal political parties, numerous civic organizations and volunteer groups have sprung up to oppose Multiculturalism, sharia, and the Islamization of Europe. Among them are the English Defence League (and Defence Leagues in other countries inspired by the EDL), Pro-Köln (Germany), Bürgerbewegung Pax Europa (Germany), Alliance to Stop Sharia (France), Stop the Islamisation of Europe (based in Denmark), and numerous others.
Mainstream journalists such as Melanie Phillips (UK), Douglas Murray (UK), Mark Steyn (Canada), and Ezra Levant (Canada) have spoken out against Multiculturalism in much the same terms used by Counterjihad activists. In 2010 a German banker and member of the Social Democrats, Thilo Sarrazin, wrote a best-selling book, Deutschland schafft sich ab ("Germany Abolishes Itself"), which warned against the dangers of continued mass immigration into Germany, particularly Muslim immigration.
It becomes obvious that the Counterjihad's political and social positions on Multiculturalism can hardly be described as fringe positions. They are fully mainstream, and half a century ago were commonplace in the West. It is only in the last thirty years or so that support for civil liberties and opposition to the repression of free speech have become "extremist".
In the Tradition of Woodrow Wilson, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman, and John F. Kennedy
Today's Transatlantic Counterjihad movement formed in late 2006 as British and American activists convened online to express their opposition to sharia. Within a few months the network of groups had expanded to include volunteers in Canada, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Belgium, the Netherlands, France, Germany, Italy, and other European countries.
The outlook binding these different groups together derived from a shared sense that Western Civilization was under grave threat from the encroachment of Islam and sharia law. Since the core of Western Civilization is European, and Islamization is far more advanced in Europe than in the United States or Canada, the movement has focused on resisting the advance of sharia in Europe.
Free speech is already being suppressed in Europe, as detailed above. Europeans who speak out on these matters may face official harassment, dismissal from employment, prosecution, fines, and imprisonment. Canada, through its infamous Human Rights Commissions, has put a similar chill on free speech.
The United States alone — however tenuously — retains the right to speak and publish freely, as guaranteed by the First Amendment of the Constitution. For that reason, much of the organizing and actions opposing sharia have originated and flourished in the USA. Americans who understand the gravity of the situation in Europe have reached out to their brothers and sisters across the Atlantic to offer help and support in their struggle to save our common civilization.
This transatlantic initiative is the most recent example of a long tradition of American outreach to Europe. American concern for the political and economic well-being of Europe began with Woodrow Wilson in the First World War, and was continued by Franklin Delano Roosevelt during the Second World War. Under Harry Truman the United States undertook a firm commitment to contain the threat of Soviet Communism and help Europe remain prosperous and free. The Marshall Plan and the Berlin Airlift were just some of the more obvious ways in which America acted to preserve European democracy. Fifteen years later, when John F. Kennedy visited Berlin, he reaffirmed that stance.
The Wall has been gone for more than twenty years, and there are many people in the United States who would prefer to return to traditional American isolationism concerning Europe. One of the most frequent comments made by American readers on internet news articles and blogs about Islam in Europe is that "Europe is lost" — that is, the situation there is too far gone for hope, and there is no point in concerning oneself about what happens to Europe. It is simply too late.
The Transatlantic Counterjihad has responded with a resounding "NO!" to such sentiments. The common bonds between Americans and Europeans are too strong and too important to be abandoned so easily. North America and Europe form the core of Western Civilization. If either continent should fall, the entire edifice would collapse.
The Transatlantic Counterjihad is the 21st century's reprise of the Marshall Plan. In contrast to what happened during the Cold War, however, the current flow of aid runs in both directions. American freedoms are also under grave threat, as evidenced by recent attempts to impose the OIC's proposed law against "defamation of religions" on the USA under the auspices of the UN. There may come a day when European hands will reach back across the water to give assistance to their American cousins struggling to protect their liberties from the encroachment of sharia. It is the job of the Counterjihad to help preserve European freedoms so that Europe may in turn help the United States and Canada.
This long, twilight struggle affects the entirety of Western Civilization. The Transatlantic Counterjihad maintains that we must all stand together if we are to prevail.


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Copyright© Bill Graham Archives and affiliates
For a number of years, Freedy Johnston was from right here in the Quad-Cities, these four river cities without much of an opinion. He became accustomed to the area's charms - all of the bald eagles skimming the waters of the Mississippi during the cold months of December and January, Happy Joe's pizza and a pedestrian kind of existence. There's not a lot to overwhelm a soul here if we're talking about general excitement, but the natural beauty is quite breathtaking if you're receptive to the subtlety and predictability of it. Johnston seems to have retained fond memories of his many years living here, but he's not a songwriter who could have spent his entire life here. Just as a man, that may have been a different thing entirely, but as a songwriter, Johnston needs more for his seeds.
He needs a metropolis. He needs a street-side café or coffeehouse, a notebook, an alibi and two wandering eyes. He needs multitudes and multitudes of people, of pretty girls - young women, old women - couples, sirens, children being children when they're pretty sure no one's watching. He needs to hear fire trucks roaring through the jammed streets, cabbies barking at other cabbies and tourists, a constant bustling and stimulation upon stimulation to be able to craft out the sharp power-pop songs that he's been making for decades. He needs a place like New York City and all of its grievances, all of its intrusions, all of its grandiose, in the same way that John Mellancamp needs a dulled, blue-collar state like Indiana.
While Johnston is a native Midwesterner - born in the great blankness of Kansas - his writing is infused with the thoughts of someone surrounded by the wearied and lonesome, yet sprawling and alive with activity streets of a big city. The affect of this is a mellowed sense of adjacent connection to thousands and thousands of strangers, where a nod or a polite hello seem like monumental interactions that can be read and misread for hours or days, though almost assuredly, that other person is long gone, lost in the sea. It causes the mind and the man to take on a kind of guarded optimism about relationships. Johnston uses the idea of a soaked city to convey this concussive loneliness, or an abandonment of intimacy, all while having some intense self-intimacy in buckets. These are songs in which single hearts dance solo and eyes are coasting for partners, but mostly feeling the suffocating difficulty of cutting through the static. It's a static that speaks loudly and incomprehensibly, but it has got a lot to say.
Johnston loses himself in the rough patches of the stories of man and woman - of the ex who still has a key to the other's house and returns to hack the shit out of his belongings - but he also makes those harsh episodes seem (or sound) remarkably romantic, in a way. He has a way of making us long for these rainy days, where we can't avoid the droplets, and everyone's battling with wet shoes, wet pant legs and the teetering and tottering of all's that's out there, unbalanced.
*Essay originally published April, 2010


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A driver for Google's same day delivery service filed a proposed class action lawsuit against the company on Friday, alleging it improperly classified her as an independent contractor and owes expenses.
The case, filed in a Massachusetts state court, comes days after Amazon Prime Now drivers filed a similar lawsuit against Amazon.com Inc in California.
The level of benefits owed to workers in the on-demand economy has been the subject of litigation in the courts, and debate in the U.S. presidential race.
Like drivers in the Amazon case, Google Express driver Anna Coorey said in her lawsuit that she was hired by an intermediary courier service but is required to work only for Google during her shift. Drivers wear Google Express uniforms and are required to accept every delivery assigned to them during each shift, the lawsuit said.
That makes drivers employees under Massachusetts state law, attorneys for Coorey argue, who should be paid overtime and other expenses.
A Google spokesman could not immediately comment on the lawsuit.
Ride services Uber and Lyft face similar lawsuits from drivers, brought by the same law firm which filed the case against Google on Friday.
The case in Suffolk County Superior Court is Anna Coorey vs. Google Inc and Beavex Inc
Source: Reuters


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Pioneering Psychologist Jerome Bruner on the 6 Pillars of Creativity and How to Master the Art of "Effective Surprise"
By Maria Popova
One of the greatest preoccupations not only of our culture but of our civilization is the question of what creativity is, dating back to the dawn of recorded thought. But it wasn't until the advent of modern psychology in the early twentieth century that our answers to the question began to take the shape of something more structured and systematic than metaphysical hunches — there's Graham Wallace's model of the four stages of the creative process from 1926, a five-step "technique for producing ideas" from 1939, Arthur Koestler's famous "bisociation" theory of how creativity works from 1964, and a number of derivative modern ideas.
But one of the most compelling in the past century comes from the influential Harvard psychologist Jerome Bruner (October 1, 1915–June 6, 2016), celebrated for his contributions to cognitive psychology and learning theory in education. In 1962, Bruner published On Knowing: Essays for the Left Hand (public library) — a wonderfully dimensional exploration of "the act of knowing in itself and how it is shaped and in turn gives form to language, science, literature, and art," exploring not the biological mystery of left-handedness but the metaphorical mesmerism of the left hand, which has traditionally represented the power of intuition, imagination, and spontaneity: The title of the collection comes from Bruner's childhood fascination with the symbolism of the right hand as the doer and the left as the dreamer, and it is this toxic divide between the two that he sets out to counter with equal parts insight and irreverence. Articulating the same essential concern that Susan Sontag echoed two decades later in lamenting how the artificial divide between intuition and intelligence limits us, Bruner pits himself "in the role of a would-be mediator between the humanist and the scientist" and gently guides the metaphoric left hand to tickle the right, which has become "too stiff with technique," into creative awakening.
In one of the most timelessly illuminating essays from the collection, "The Conditions of Creativity," Bruner writes:
There is something antic about creating, although the enterprise be serious. And there is a matching antic spirit that goes with writing about it, for if ever there was a silent process, it is the creative one. Antic and serious and silent. Yet there is good reason to inquire about creativity, a reason beyond practicality, for practicality is not a reason but a justification after the fact. The reason is the ancient search of the humanist for the excellence of man: the next creative act may bring man to a new dignity.
Noting that there is a "shrillness to our contemporary concern with creativity" — something perhaps even more observably true today than half a century ago, when he pondered the question — Bruner offers an essential caveat: Our search for those sources of dignity through creation is dictated by the cultural patterns of the time. In previous eras, it came from creating works of art in the image of "God," but the technological boom of the twentieth century — an era "whose massive achievement is an intricate technological order" — brought forth a new preoccupation with pragmatism as a measure of creative merit, at the same time making it insufficient to be "merely useful." Bruner writes:
The servant can pattern himself on the master — and so he did when God was master and Man His servant creating works in His glory — but the machine is the servant of man, and to pattern one's function on the machine provides no measure of dignity. The machine is useful, the system in terms of which the machines gain their use is efficient, but what is man?
The artist, the writer, and to a new degree the scientist seek an answer in the nature of their acts. They create or they seek to create, and this in itself endows the process with dignity. there is "creative" writing and "pure" science, each justifying the work of its producer in its own right.
Of psychologists' task in explicating the process, Bruner admonishes:
Make no mistake about it: it is not simply as technicians that we are being called, but as adjutants to the moralist. My antic sense rises in self-defense. My advice, in the midst of the seriousness, is to keep an eye for the tinker shuffle, the flying of kites, and kindred sources of surprised amusement.
Indeed, this notion of "surprised amusement" becomes central to Bruner's conception of creativity, which he defines with succinct elegance:
An act that produces effective surprise [is] the hallmark of the creative enterprise.
It is essential, here to distinguish between creativity and originality. In a sentiment that brings to mind Twain's famous assertion that plagiarism is the seed of creative work, Alexander Graham Bell's conviction that "our most original compositions are composed exclusively of expressions derived from others," and Henry Miller's poetic debunking of the originality illusion, Bruner cautions:
The road to banality is paved with creative intentions. Surprise is not easily defined. It is the unexpected that strikes one with wonder or astonishment. What is curious about effective surprise is that it need not be rare or infrequent or bizarre and is often none of these things. Effective surprises … seem rather to have the quality of obviousness about them when they occur, producing a shock of recognition following which there is no longer astonishment.
He goes on to outline three kinds of effectiveness in surprise.
Predictive effectiveness is "the kind of surprise that yields high predictive value in its wake" — for instance, as in the most elegant formulae of mathematics and physics, which hold that whenever certain conditions are present, a specific outcome is guaranteed to be produced. (All of these 17 equations that changed the world are excellent examples.) Predictive effectiveness doesn't always come through surprise — it's often "the slow accretion of knowledge and urge." And yet, Bruner argues, "the surprise may only come when we look back and see whence we have come" — the very thing Steve Jobs described in his autobiographical account of his own creative journey, in noting that "you can't connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards."
Bruner's second form is formal effectiveness, the kind most frequently encountered in mathematics and logic, and occasionally music. He cites French polymath Henri Poincaré's famous account of how creativity works, which holds that "sudden illumination" — the mythic Eureka! moment — is the unconscious combinatorial process that reveals "the unsuspected kinship between … facts, long known, but wrongly believed to be strangers to one another."
The third, Bruner notes, is the hardest to describe. Metaphorical effectiveness is also manifested by "connecting domains of experience that were before apart," but what distinguishes it from the formal kind is that the mechanisms of connectedness come for the realm of art rather than science and logic — the kind of connectedness that Carl Jung described as "visionary," in contrast to the merely psychological. (Metaphorical thinking, after all, is at the developmental root of human imagination.) While we are wired to make sense of the world via categorization, "metaphoric combination leaps beyond systematic placement, explores connections that before were unsuspected."
The unifying mechanism for all three, however, remains what Einstein termed "combinatory play." Bruner writes:
All of the forms of effective surprise grow out of a combinatorial activity — a placing of things in new perspectives.
Echoing Tolstoy's notion of "emotional infectiousness," Bruner adds:
There are certain deep sharings of plight among human beings that make it possible the communication of the artist to the beholder… The artist — whatever his medium — must be close enough to these conditions in himself so that they may guide his choice among combinations, provide him with the genuine and protect him from the paste.
And so we get to the true gift of effective surprise:
The triumph of effective surprise is that it takes one beyond the common ways of experiencing the world… Creative products have this power of reordering experience and thought in their image. In science, the reordering is much the same from one beholder of a formula to another. In art, the imitation is in part self-imitation. It is the case too that the effective surprise of the creative [person] provides a new instrument for manipulating the world — physically as with the creation of the wheel or symbolically as with the creation of E = mc2.
The main paradox of such combinatorial creation, however, is that effective surprise is almost always followed by "the exercise of technique" — in other words, creativity requires the fusion of inspiration and technique, which appear at first to be opposite in spirit: one spontaneous, the other derived from repeated deliberate practice. To resolve the "paradox and antimony," Bruner proposes six essential conditions of creativity:
- Detachment and commitment. A willingness to divorce oneself from the obvious is surely a prerequisite for the fresh combinatorial act that produces effective surprise. there must be as a necessary, if not a sufficient, condition a detachment from the forms as they exist… But it is a detachment of commitment. For there is about it a caring, a deep need to understand something, to master a technique, to render a meaning. So while the poet, the mathematician, the scientist must each achieve detachment, they do it in the interest of commitment. And at one stroke they, the creative ones, are disengaged from that which exists conventionally and are engaged deeply in what they construct to replace it.
- Passion and decorum. By passion I understand a willingness and ability to let one's impulses express themselves in one's life through one's work… Passion, like discriminating taste, grows on its use. You more likely act yourself into feeling than feel yourself into action… But again a paradox: it is not all urgent vitality. There is decorum in creative activity: a love of form, an etiquette toward the object of our efforts, a respect for materials… So both are necessary and there must surely be a subtle matter of timing involved — when the impulse, when the taming.
- Freedom to be dominated by the object. You begin to write a poem. Before long it, the poem, begins to develop metrical, stanzaic,symbolical requirements. You, as the writer of the poem, are serving it — it seems. or you may be pursuing the task of building a formal model to represent the known properties of single nerve fibers and their synapses: soon the model takes over… There is something odd about the phenomenon. We externalize an object, a product of our thoughts, treat it as "out there." Freud remarked, commenting on projection, that human beings seem better able to deal with stimuli from the outside than from within. So it is with the externalizing of a creative work, permitting it to develop its own being, its own autonomy coming to serve it. It is as if it were easier to cope with there, as if this arrangement permitted the emergence of more unconscious impulse, more material not readily accessible…
To be dominated by an object of one's own creation — perhaps its extreme is Pygmalion dominated by Galatea — is to be free of the defenses that keep us hidden from ourselves.
As the object takes over and demands to be completed "in its own terms," there is a new opportunity to express a style and an individuality. Likely as not, it is so partly because we are rid of the internal juggling of possibilities, because we have represented them "out there" where we can look at them, consider them.
- Deferral and immediacy. There is an immediacy to creating anything, a sense of direction, an objective, a general idea, a feeling. Yet the immediacy is anything but a quick orgasm of completion. Completion is deferred…
Having read a good many journals and diaries by writers I have come to the tentative conclusion that the principal guard against precocious completion, in writing at least, is boredom. I have little doubt that the same protection avails the scientist. It is the boredom of conflict, knowing deep down what one wishes to say and knowing that one has not said it. one acts on the impulse to exploit an idea, to begin. One also acts on the impulse of boredom, to defer. Thus Virginia Woolf, trying to finish Orlando in February 1928: "Always, always, the last chapter slips out of my hands. One gets bored. One whips oneself up. I still hope for a fresh wind and don't very much bother, except that I miss the fun that was so tremendously lively all October, November, and December.
- The internal drama. There is within each person his own cast of characters* — an ascetic, and perhaps a glutton, a prig, a frightened child, a little man, even an onlooker, sometimes a Renaissance man. The great works of the theater are decompositions of such a cast, the rendering into external drama of the internal one, the conversion of the internal cast into dramatis personae…
As in the drama, so too a life can be described as a script, constantly rewritten, guiding the unfolding internal drama. It surely does not do to limit the drama to the stiff characters of the Freudian morality play — the undaunted ego, the brutish id, the censorious and punitive superego. Is the internal cast a reflection of the identifications to which we have been committed? I do not think it is as simple as that. It is a way of grouping our internal demands and there are idealized models over and beyond those with whom we have special identification — figures in myth, in life, in the comics, in history, creations of fantasy…
It is the working out of conflict and coalition within the set of identities that compose the person that one finds the source of many of the richest and most surprising combinations. It is not merely the artist and the writer, but the inventor too who is the beneficiary.
- The dilemma of abilities. What shall we say of energy, of combinatorial zest, of intelligence, of alertness, of perseverance? I shall say nothing about them. They are obviously important but, from a deeper point of view, they are also trivial. For at any level of energy or intelligence there can be more or less of creating in our sense. Stupid people create for each other as well as benefiting from what comes from afar. So too do slothful and torpid people. I have been speaking of creativity, not of genius.
He ends with an essential disclaimer that sprinkles our cultural compulsion for explaining way the creative process with some much-needed grains of salt.
I end with the same perplexity in attempting to find some way of thinking reasonably about the creative process. At the outset I proposed that we define the creative act as effective surprise — the production of novelty. It is reasonable to suppose that we will someday devise a proper scientific theory capable of understanding and predicting such acts. Perhaps we will understand the energies that produce the creative act much as we have come to understand how the dynamo produces its energy. It may be, however, that there is another mode of approach to knowing how the process generates itself, and this will be the way in which we understand how symbols and ideas … capture [our] thoughts. Often it is the poet who grasps these matters most firmly and communicates them most concisely. Perhaps it is our conceit that there is only one way of understanding a phenomenon. I have argued that just as there is predictive effectiveness, so is there metaphoric effectiveness. For the while, at least, we can do worse than to live with a metaphoric understanding of creativity.
On Knowing: Essays for the Left Hand is enormously insightful and enriching in its entirety, exploring such facets of the creative experience as the act of discovery, art as a form of consciousness, our search for identity, and the question of fate in the age of science. Complement it with the excellent A Technique for Producing Ideas, Madeleine L'Engle on creativity and Sarah Lewis on creativity and the difference between mastery and success.
* See 28-year-old Susan Sontag's ideas about the four people a great writer must be, which she outlined in her diary in December of 1961, shortly after Bruner's essay was first published. "Jerry Bruner" appeared among her voracious reading diet recorded elsewhere in the diary, so it is highly likely that her concept of the four inner personae was influenced by Bruner.
Published April 21, 2014


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Afternoon Must-Read: Charles Gaba: California: Suggestions of Even Larger ACA Exchange Numbers?
Charles Gaba: California: Suggestions of even larger numbers?: "I included the 80K in 4 days info yesterday...
but didn't realize the implications of the second sentence until a commentor pointed it out:
The Covered California exchange said sign-ups have been building throughout the week with about 80,000 people picking a health plan Monday through Thursday. An additional 150,000 households created an online account and started the shopping process in the last three days, officials said.
That's 50,000 households--not individuals--PER DAY who JUST ceated an account for 3 days straight. Pretty sure most of those are actually enrolling even as I type this. I think this final weekend surge is going to be MUCH larger than even I've been projecting. Gotta run for the moment, but I'm going ahead and calling it 6.7 million exchange-based QHPs as of now.


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We can ship to virtually any address in the world. Note that there are restrictions on some products, and some products cannot be shipped to international destinations.
When you place an order, we will estimate shipping and delivery dates for you based upon the availability of your items and the shipping options you choose. Depending on the shipping provider you choose, shipping date estimates may appear on the shipping quotes page.
Shipping Rates to Alaska and Hawaii are only a base line, additional charges may be applied. Please contact us for more details.
Skus beginning with ECW may not be shipped internationally and processing times now have an expected turnaround time of 5-9 days.
A 10% duty prepayment will be due before international orders can be shipped. Any difference in duties will be credited back if applicable.
Please also note that the shipping rates for many items we sell are weight and dimensionally-based. The weight of any such item can be found on its detail page. To reflect the policies of the shipping companies we use, all weights will be rounded up to the next full pound.


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Those delicious little morsels spread out on the dining room table just waiting to be enjoyed by all. The first chapter in the book of food. The first act in the theater of fine Italian dinners. The first note played in the concerto of.....Oh, well, you get the picture. I'm getting a little carried away just thinking about preparing these wonderful dishes.
Traditional Italian appetizers are quick and easy to make and uncompromising in taste.
I always spread out the apps around three hours before dinner, this way it gives the family a little time for nap between courses.
Make around ten of them and you could skip dinner completely and just go straight for the nap. At least that seems to work for my family.
Some of my favorite recipes include....
Mussels in MarinaraI have to admit this is my favorite. This is my recipe which has a little spice and plenty of taste.
Sausage and PeppersHot or mild Italian sausage with juicy tender slices of red, green and yellow bell peppers. Just savor the flavors and watch out for that juice dripping down your chin.
Prosciutto and MelonThis simple Italian favorite will have your family and guests singing the tunes of Verdi and Puccini.
BruschettaGarlicky, crunchy and chunky are the best way to describe this appetizer. Garlic and basil, "Don't Leave Home Without It". Carry it with you and you'll make many friends.
Mozzarella ImpanataFried mozzarella is a definite hit among children and adults alike. Chewy and stringy and oh so good best describes this delicious dish.
Garlic BreadCrisp garlic bread with herbs and parmesan cheese.
Stuffed ArtichokesDelicious stuffed artichokes braised in chicken broth.
Stuffed MushroomsBaby Portobello mushrooms stuffed with sausage,cheese and prosciutto.
Deviled EggsGreat little apps for the whole party.
Aunt Rose's Crab DipCreamy crab with a secret.
Zucchini FrittersCrispy fritter with sour cream.
CaponatinaTasty eggplant appetizer.
Filippo's Broiled ClamsDelicious littleneck clams with prosciutto.
Fried Ravioli with Rosemary Butter SauceRosemary, garlic, onions and butter top these delicious breaded raviolis.
Baked ShrimpTossed in olive oil, rolled in breadcrumbs and Parmesan and baked to perfection.
Caprese MushroomsDelicious portabella mushrooms layered with tomato, cheese and basil.
Fried CalamariCrispy tender fried squid with marinara.
Muffuletta SandwichThe great New Orleans classic Italian sandwich.
Chef Franco Lania's Arancini di RisoDelicious Sicilian rice balls.
Italian Baked MusselsPlump tender mussels topped with Italian seasoned breadcrumbs.
Simple Healthy BruschettaSimple appetizer with fresh diced tomatoes(Healthy Italian Recipes).
Vegetable Fritto MistoFresh vegetables battered and deep fried.
Stuffed Melrose PeppersDelicious sweet peppers stuffed with homemade Italian sausage.
Leave Italian Appetizers and Return to Italian Recipes
Are you tired of just throwing a bowl of chips and salsa on the table for your parties? Let Finger Food Recipes help you with some quick finger food and turn a basic party into an event to remember.
Italian Recipes
ItalyLink.com Your Gateway to Italy!
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www.RecipeLand.com - Giant recipe collection. Fast, easy free and fun recipes at your fingertips. Recipe reviews, cooking tips and more. Serving visitors since 1996 with over 40,000 recipes.
32 Great Italian Sauces
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Italian Christmas Cookies


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Compression T Shirts Manufacturer
Eation Yoga Clothing Custom Manufacturer is a Professional China Manufacturer and Supplier of Compression T Shirts Manufacturer, We Provide Custom Wholeslae Compression T Shirts Manufacturer factory, Private Label Compression T Shirts Manufacturer and Compression T Shirts Manufacturer Contract Manufacturing, Contact us now to get the best quotation for Compression T Shirts Manufacturer, We will respond in a timely manner, we are not the lowest price of Compression T Shirts Manufacturer, but we will provide you with better service.
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Transport Notes
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The goal of Transport Notes series is dissemination of recent experiences and innovations in the World Bank Group's transport sector operations.
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Publication Transport as a Factor in the Investment Climate(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2006-08) Aoki, Naomi; Roberts, PeterThis Note shows how, through a process of consultation between the World Bank Transport Sector and Private Sector Department, some focus on transport has been introduced into the Global "core" module of the Investment Climate Survey. The Note also shows the scope for achieving much more focus on specific transport constraints in Investment Climate Assessments for countries where these are expected to be particularly important. Examples are given of questionnaires which have been developed to complement the "core" module and specifically to meet the needs of two Regions, Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean, where different aspects of transport have been identified as significant considerations for investors. For Africa the focus is on the availability of suitable transport services. For Latin America the emphasis is rather on the role of transport in influencing the location of enterprises. Application of these revised questionnaires will provide more data on the contribution of transport to doing business in different countries.


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Schmitt Music has been a trusted partner to musicians in the upper Midwest since 1896. Our Schmitt Music Trombone Shop in Bloomington, MN has been connecting our community with the world's finest trombones and low-brass instruments since 2015.
We strive to provide all players with the resources they need to perfect their sound. As professional trombonists, educators, and technicians, we understand selecting an instrument is a very personal decision that takes careful consideration. Our specialists are here to make choosing your next trombone or low-brass instrument an enjoyable and rewarding experience.
Please contact us at any time, or click here to learn more about the Trombone Shop.


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Cheryl & Co. is a based in Columbus and they make brownies. Their cookies are the stuff of legend. They invited me their Headquarters December 8th to celebrate National Brownie Day and also to learn about their other companies, The Popcorn Factory and 1-800 Flowers. Which are companies I patronize already and had no idea were part of Cheryl & Co. I accepted their invite much to Husband's delight.
Tip: I keep and reuse Cheryl & Co. and The Popcorn Factory's sturdy and brightly printed cookie boxes, popcorn and cookie tins for wrapping small gifts. Experience gifts like tickets or membership paperwork look more significant when they come in a decorated tin. All you need to do is slap on a bow or ribbon and you're done! Quick, pretty, reusable gift wrap. I like.I saw how Cheryl & Co. make their famous cookies and brownies. The process is kind of like how you'd do it at home with real butter, eggs, and sugar but on a much bigger scale. I was impressed that Cheryl & Co. doesn't add extra preservatives to their cookies and that they can still be frozen for up to six months.
Unfortunately to do that means Cheryl & Co. seals each cookie in its own plastic wrapper. I asked if customers could buy them and not have them individually wrapped to reduce waste. The short answer is no. Other than for freshness the wrappers also list the cookie's ingredients and keeps the flavors and ingredients from cross contaminating which is very important to those with food allergies.
They also told me Cheryl & Co. experimented with corn based plastic wrappers but the supplier went out of business. They can't find a new supplier who can deliver the quantity and quality they need right now. I'm confident that if enough customers politely ask Cheryl & Co. to consider offering a less wasteful packaging option or organic or Fair Trade ingredients that good things will happen. After all that's why Cheryl & Co. has sugar free and certified kosher cookies – because their customers asked for it.
We went into the Cheryl & Co. test kitchen where they showed us an example of a mood board they put together of this season's color trends for the holiday (jewel tones, white and light blue, snowflakes, and snowmen.) Yes friends, mood boards aren't just for decorating they also apply to baked goods.
They gave us recipes for amazing butter cream frosting, ganache, and chocolate dough cutouts. These aren't Cheryl's Top Secret recipes but ones they created just for us bloggers (feeling a little bit like a fancy pants now!) Then they let us have at it with pastry bags, cookie cutters, and the like.
Everyone created some very pretty chocolate bark cutouts and iced brownies.
Then there's mine.
But I do follow directions. I ate that brownie and it was delicious.
Even with the extra plastic packaging I think that Cheryl's cookies and brownies make great gifts and a nice occasional treat (I've found a few more lower waste options when I've gone to an actual Cheryl & Co. store BTW.) I'm not just saying this because they gave me some free cookies either. It takes more than a free cookie to impress me. What really impressed me was that they listen to their customers and try to accommodate them as best they can (they have a whole separate bakery for the kosher items! Don't tell me it didn't a lot of extra effort.) Like I mentioned before, Husband and I were patrons of these companies long before I visited Cheryl's. In fact, Husband still sends me flowers via 1-800 Flowers when I have an office gig just because.
If you still need a Hanukkah, Christmas, or Solstice gift or just want to treat yourself, Cheryl and Co is offering Condo Blues readers $10 off any purchase through January 31, 2010 if you use the code BRN10.
Cheryl & Co. Brownie Day Giveaway! *Closed*
Cheryl & Co. offered to sponsor a giveaway! The winner will receive The Cheryl & Co. Ultimate Brownie Assortment. That's $50 worth of brownie love - yum!
To enter: leave a comment on Condo Blues telling me your favorite flavor brownie.You must leave your email address so I can contact you if you win or your entry will be disqualified. If your email address is available via your Blogger profile that counts.
You can earn extra chances to win by doing any of the following after you've made your initial comment on my blog:
1. Blog about my contest with a link back to Condo Blues. Please leave the URL of your blog post so I can verify it.
2. Subscribe to Condo Blues by Email.
3. Subscribe to the Condo Blues RSS feed.
4. Follow Condo Blues on Twitter AND tweet about the contest. Please leave your username and the URL of your tweet in your comment so I can verify it.
5. Put my Condo Blues button on the sidebar of your blog.
You must leave a separate comment for each method you used to enter the contest. If you choose to use every method of entry, you have up to six chances to win!
I will use a random generator to select the winner. The Cheryl & Co Brownie Day Give Away runs from December 10, 2009 – January 3, 1010 12 midnight EST. Good Luck!
Legal mumbo jumbo: This contest is open to US residents only. I will not share you email information any third parties. Cheryl & Co. did supply me with free sample products (how else can I tell you what they taste like?) but did not pay me to run this giveaway or say nice things about their products. All opinions are 100% my own and longtime readers know I can be very opinionated.
Update 1/2010: Congratulations to Deb who won the Ultimate Brownie Assortment!
Did you enjoy this post? Get more like it by subscribing to the Condo Blues RSS Feed or to Condo Blues by Email.


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The Kitfox is a flying enthusiast's dream. In continuous production for since 1984, the Kitfox is an economical airplane you can build yourself and fly with the greatest of ease. Over 7000 kits have been delivered to 43 different countries around the world. Kitfoxes fly everything from Safari researches in Africa to breakfast runs across America, backcountry camping trips, to seaplane weekend fun. When many are done, they trailer it home, and park it in the garage! Why don't you join the excitement?
Our customers tell us they chose the Kitfox because of its ease to build, impeccable safety record, fun flying characteristics, great STOL performance, and the level of customer service reputation we've built over the years. It is also 100% USA manufactured.
Years of builder experience have gone into the refined design and construction of the Kitfox. Each Kitfox builder's kit comes complete with a highly refined assembly manual that makes the step-by-step process easy to follow and rewarding to undertake.
The Kitfox is easy to fly, too! It's a "hands-off" experience to cruise along at a leisurely pace without fighting the rudder while you enjoy watching the world below you.
A complete technical support team is readily available to assist new builders and current owners with their questions and requests for guidance. There is also a complete inventory of parts and accessories available.
There is a strong worldwide network of Kitfox enthusiasts who are very supportive with a wealth of knowledge and experience to share.
In general aviation, the Kitfox has become synonymous with quality, value, and performance. As a pioneer of the kit industry, Kitfox has set standards for kit quality and completeness, technical documentation, and builder support that are second to none.
The Kitfox is first built from sub-components that are placed into the large parent jig built to FAR Part 23 certification standards. Kitfox employs the finest welders to ensure that your frame is complete, safe, and ready to build! It's no small wonder that there has NEVER been an in-flight failure of a Kitfox frame! Since 1984 and 7000+ frames, we take safety seriously! Our frames are built from 4130 Chromoly steel, oil-treated on the interior for corrosion protection. Using the MIG welding process as a primary weld, we are able to control the heat zones effectively for the least amount of stress to the metal.
Our machine shop does more than meets the eye. Each small fabricated tab is created from raw stock. The welders pull these tabs and pre-set them to the frame. Bends, cuts, holes are prepared for you, making the Kitfox remain one of the easiest kits in the industry to build! We employ a machine shop so that you do not need to build your own shop stocked with expensive machinery! Some basic tools, a belt sander/disc sander, drill press, cordless drills, household iron, and you're set to build! For the unique tools, like cleco pliers, long #30 / #40 drill bits, small hobby iron, fabric glue gun, etc. are all sold as a popular optional tool kit for the builder.
The parts department staff have probably the most difficult job in the factory. Each and every AN grade bolt, nut, nut-plate, washer, etc., is hand-pulled and bagged/tagged with a label to produce the boxed aspect of the kit inventory. Working from a master parts pick list, these people walk the isles and pull each and every item you'll need to build your Kitfox. We even include zip-ties and safety wire in our kits!
We also maintain a large parts inventory for local pilots and builders. Many other kit builders will call on Kitfox to obtain the parts needed to complete their designs, or work on their certified aircraft.


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Additional information
Weight | 0.25 kg |
Love might not be what we think it is. We all seek the happiness that comes from loving and being loved, yet we often find ourselves dissatisfied in our relationships and unable to grasp the cause. Thich Nhat Hanh here shows the way to overcome our recurrent obstacles to love—by learning to be mindful, open, and present with ourselves and others. As he explains, "training is needed in order to love properly; and to be able to give happiness and joy, you must practice deep looking directed toward the person you love. Because if you do not understand this person, you cannot love properly. Understanding is the essence of love."
This quintessential guide to loving also introduces the four key aspects of love described in the Buddhist tradition—loving-kindness, compassion, joy, and freedom—and describes many simple and direct ways in which we can practice authentic love in our everyday lives.
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created 2001 · complexity basic · author Eugene Huang · version 6.0
The indent features of Vim are very helpful for indenting source code. This tip discusses settings that affect indentation. These settings mostly affect the automatic indentation which Vim inserts as you type, but also can be triggered manually with the = operator, so that you can easily Fix indentation in your buffer.
For related information, see:
- Shifting blocks visually commands to change indents
- How to stop auto indenting how to stop your indents from being changed
- Restoring indent after typing hash problems when typing
- Toggle auto-indenting for code paste to avoid broken indents when pasting in a terminal
Indentation without hard tabs[]
For indentation without tabs, the principle is to set 'expandtab'
, and set 'shiftwidth'
and 'softtabstop'
to the same value, while leaving 'tabstop'
at its default value:
set expandtab set shiftwidth=2 set softtabstop=2
These settings will result in spaces being used for all indentation.
Indentation purely with hard tabs[]
For indentation purely with hard tabs, the principle is to set 'tabstop'
and 'shiftwidth'
to the same value, and to leave 'expandtab'
at its default value ('noexpandtab'
), and leave 'softtabstop'
set shiftwidth=2 set tabstop=2
These settings will result in hard tabs being used for all indentation.
Indentation with mixed tabs and spaces[]
For indentation with mixed tabs and spaces, the principle is to set 'shiftwidth'
and 'softtabstop'
to the same value, leave 'expandtab'
at its default ('noexpandtab'
). Usually, 'tabstop'
is left at its default value:
set shiftwidth=2 set softtabstop=2
These settings will cause as many hard tabs as possible being used for indentation, and spaces will be used to fill in the remains. If you want to distinguish between "indentation" and "alignment", i.e., the number of hard tabs equals the indentation level, use the Smart Tabs plug-in.
Explanation of the options[]
Vim's different indentation options are an endless source of grief and confusion for new users. There are plenty of example vimrcs out there that will tell you how theirs is the proper setup. More often than not, they are misguided. Let :help
be your reference, and this page be your guide to Vim's indentation options.
changes the width of theTAB
character, plain and simple.'softtabstop'
affects what happens when you press the<TAB>
keys. Its default value is the same as the value of'tabstop'
, but when using indentation without hard tabs or mixed indentation, you want to set it to the same value as'shiftwidth'
. If'expandtab'
is unset, and'tabstop'
is different from'softtabstop'
, the<TAB>
key will minimize the amount of spaces inserted by using multiples ofTAB
characters. For instance, if'tabstop'
is 8, and the amount of consecutive space inserted is 20, twoTAB
characters and four spaces will be used.'shiftwidth'
affects what happens when you press>>
. It also affects how automatic indentation works. (See below.)'expandtab'
affects what happens when you press the<TAB>
key. If'expandtab'
is set, pressing the<TAB>
key will always insert'softtabstop'
amount of space characters. Otherwise, the amount of spaces inserted is minimized by usingTAB
affects how<TAB>
key presses are interpreted depending on where the cursor is. If'smarttab'
is on, a<TAB>
key inserts indentation according to'shiftwidth'
at the beginning of the line, whereas'tabstop'
are used elsewhere. There is seldom any need to set this option, unless it is necessary to use hardTAB
characters in body text or code.
Using a 'tabstop'
value other than the default (8 spaces), will result in your file having a different appearance when using tools such as cat
on Windows), which can't use a custom width tab character. On the other hand, using hard tabs for indentation, allows others to view your code with the amount of indentation they prefer. Which of these considerations should have priority, is a matter of personal preference (and company policy).
Methods for automatic indentation[]
There are a number of methods enabling automatic indentation in Vim, ranging from fairly "stupid" and unintrusive ones, like 'autoindent'
and 'smartindent'
, to complex ones such as 'cindent'
and custom indentation based on filetype using 'indentexpr'
. The amount of indentation used for one level is controlled by the 'shiftwidth'
option. (See above.)
does nothing more than copy the indentation from the previous line, when starting a new line. It can be useful for structured text files, or when you want to control most of the indentation manually, without Vim interfering.
does not interfere with other indentation settings, and some file type based indentation scripts even enable it automatically.
and 'cindent'
automatically inserts one extra level of indentation in some cases, and works for C-like files. 'cindent'
is more customizable, but also more strict when it comes to syntax.
and 'cindent'
might interfere with file type based indentation, and should never be used in conjunction with it.
When it comes to C and C++, file type based indentations automatically sets 'cindent'
, and for that reason, there is no need to set 'cindent'
manually for such files. In these cases, the 'cinwords'
, 'cinkeys'
and 'cinoptions'
options still apply.
Generally, 'smartindent'
or 'cindent'
should only be set manually if you're not satisfied with how file type based indentation works.
File type based indentation[]
This type of indentation is the most flexible, as it allows users to customize indentation per file type. You enable this type of automatic indentation with the following command:
filetype plugin indent on
. This command will use indentation scripts located in the indent
folder of your vim installation.
For instance, the indentation scripts for C and C++ file types properly set the 'cindent'
option, and there are very competent indentation scripts for Ruby, Perl and many other languages and file types. File type based indentation even works correctly with Makefile
s without interference!
If you plan on using file type based indentation, don't set 'smartindent'
or 'cindent'
. You may still set 'autoindent'
, since it doesn't interfere.
The vimrc_example.vim
that ships with Vim enables filetype based indentation:
if has("autocmd") " Enable file type detection. " Use the default filetype settings, so that mail gets 'tw' set to 72, " 'cindent' is on in C files, etc. " Also load indent files, to automatically do language-dependent indenting. filetype plugin indent on " ... endif
Different settings for different file types[]
You may want indentation for html files to use tabs with 2-columns per indent, while Python files use spaces with 4-columns per indent. To apply suitable settings automatically, first enable file type detection with the following in your vimrc:
filetype plugin indent on
Create file html.vim
with contents:
setlocal shiftwidth=2 setlocal tabstop=2
and file python.vim
with contents:
setlocal expandtab setlocal shiftwidth=4 setlocal softtabstop=4
The html.vim
and python.vim
files should be in this directory (which you may need to create):
on Unix-based systems; or$HOME/vimfiles/after/ftplugin
on Windows systems
The standard plugins probably do not change settings such as shiftwidth
, and in that case the directory ~/.vim/ftplugin
(or $HOME/vimfiles/ftplugin
) would work as an alternative. However the "after" directory should be used because you intend to override settings from other plugins.
Using the "after" directory as above is recommended, but it is possible to put commands such as the following in your vimrc as an alternative:
autocmd FileType html setlocal shiftwidth=2 tabstop=2 autocmd FileType python setlocal expandtab shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4
- :help shift-left-right
- :help =
- :help i_CTRL-T
- :help i_CTRL-D
- :help i_CTRL-F
- :help movement
- :help text-objects
- :help visual-mode
- :help cmdline-ranges
See also[]
- 1231 Set indent parameters for Python files adjust Vim's indent settings to match each file edited (more than Python)
- Merge some of following tips.
Indenting code[]
- 221 Indenting Java throw statements
- 247 Preexisting code indentation
- 700 Indenting for Java
- 909 Easy indenting in insert and normal mode with no cursor displacement
- 1213 Better indent support for php with html
Auto indent[]
Select a block of lines having the same indent[]
- 103 Move to next/previous line with same indentation
- 112 Back and forth between indented lines again
- 477 Put the indentation level on the status line
- 1168 Folding for plain text files based on indentation
Related plugins[]
- Indent Finder always set the correct indentation for the file you are editing. It requires a Python enabled Vim.
- YAIFA is a VimL port of Indent Finder, so it doesn't need Python to work.
- DetectIndent automatically detects indent settings.
- IndentConsistencyCop checks the whole buffer or a given range of it for indentation consistency.
- Coding_style allows setting indent styles per project.
- vim-pasta allows for pasting with automatic adjusting of indentation to destination context.
- sleuth detects indent from existing files, or from other files of the same type in the same directory for new files.
The following should be merged to 224 (or maybe this tip), or deleted:
- 522 Fix an autoindent error Nice piece of code, but is the content worth keeping? I do not know what scenario it describes or what it achieves. JohnBeckett 10:06, 12 August 2009 (UTC)
The coding_style plugin allows to set indent styles per project. Maybe it's worth mentionning here? Chikamichi 22:22, September 12, 2009 (UTC)
- I think that's too involved for an introduction tip like this one. (Spiiph 08:57, October 14, 2009 (UTC))
- I agree that it shouldn't be in the tip proper, but we often have a "related plugins" section where people can add links to plugins related to the tip with a brief description. I have done this, above. We should probably also link to the plugnis that are mentioned in the tip here, for easy reference. --Fritzophrenic 13:44, October 14, 2009 (UTC)


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In this section, I press Jobst to talk about his online persona. People have mixed feelings about him. One side has it that he's an interesting person with an immense wealth of knowledge and experience. Another side is always wary of his crusty, irritable personality which they feel can be off-putting and hard to work with. What does he feel about all that? Well, find out.
11. There's the real Jobst Brandt, and then there's the online Jobst Brandt. The latter portion in your claim to fame seals your status as a no-questions-asked guru of bicycling, if you will. I was interested in knowing where all this began. Did someone invite you to compile these words of wisdom and archive them online or was it self-started?
JB : I started writing them long ago to fill voids in mechanical understanding that I perceived. Becoming a guru was from the attacks that responded to my explanations of natural phenomena. The impression probably comes mainly from bikers who believe in their "common knowledge", that is mostly misdirected. They feel they need to defend that position and go on the attack. Just search how many so called engineers insist that my analysis and instructions on the bicycle wheel are all wrong. I'm used to that. It's the story of my engineering career. I hear similar stories from other engineers.
For years, there was just one newsgroup before splitting up into tech, misc, rides, market, etc... Back before it grew out of its pants it was a pleasant place with only rare disagreements. Once the place became noted, the BS artists realized they had a rostrum from which to spread their religion.
12. You also have an almost cruel stance against irrational statements. You are popularly associated with this wise, very experienced man with meticulous attention to detail, but also moody and cranky and perhaps a little myopic to suggestions while sticking to old fashioned advice. Do you agree with some of these views?
JB : I have little patience with people who write anonymously, mainly because their reason (incompetence) for doing so. Well they don't explain why it is "old-fashioned" advice. Much of that comes indirectly from my bicycling that is not racing. That Sierra ride that is on someone's web site is a classic for iconoclasts.
They feel that I am not giving them their due when in fact I don't mention their style that they are trying to claim is the only way. Another earlier point is that I was a faster and stronger rider than most of the locals and that irritated newbies. I am old and slow now but still go on long rides.
13. Coming back to this idea of people having misdirected knowledge, what's your pick for one that you find having to straighten out often?
JB : A classic is that a hub of a bicycle wheel "hangs from the top spokes". That struck me when I first got a high class Cinelli bicycle. I realized that this ignores pre-stressed structures and that most people wouldn't recognize a pre-stressed structure if they ran into it. I once took a train to Budapest solely to see the worlds first significant suspension bridge, the "Chain Bridge":
This bridge was built without suspension cables that Roebling had not yet invented, so all elements were long steel pinned bars. Click on center picture second row and see some of the beautiful structures engineers have built. The last shot in that sequence is the Chain Bridge. I was not disappointed.
14. I'm curious - do you personally know any of these online folks you exchange all this information with?
JB : A few who are pleasant, yes. That's where I found the German (Klaus Schmidt) who assisted me in proof reading the German translation of my book. He once wrote off and on to rec.bicycle, but when it got big and broad and rude, he bailed out. The same seems to have happened to Bruce Hildenbrand whom I mention in one tour report.
15. Which brings me to probably one of most important questions to wrap up. How well did you know Sheldon Brown and could you write a little about your relationship with him?
JB : I got along fine with him and we talked at InterBike for a few years until he said he was coming out my way in the summer to visit his daughter Tova, who was attending UC Santa Cruz. I met him at his motel in Santa Cruz, 65 miles from my house, from which we took a great ride along the coast and up through big redwoods before he descended to Santa Cruz from Summit Road while I rode home. He took the FAQ title page picture of me standing over my bicycle on that ride and I took some good ones of him that I am sure his wife has suitably saved.
Jobst Brandt and Sheldon Brown in Santa Cruz in 2006. This photo was borrowed from the latter's journal, where he had documented the day's ride with Jobst.
16. He was a renaissance man. Do you feel the cycling world is a little emptier without his presence of mind?
JB : I liked him a lot and found him to be no mechanical dummy. As you may recall, The London Times wrote a glowing obituary after his sudden death that came after the second time he came to Santa Cruz on which he and his wife had a lovely ride around the place. He was already suffering from deterioration but didn't let it take his bicycling away. The next time I saw him he was on an electric three-wheeler at InterBike, no longer able to walk. A great man! As you see, he believed in the stuff I wrote and put it on his web site.
Part IV continued...
* * *
Here, I have dug up two relevant snippets. They contain Jobst's replies to newsgroups folks. In one, he clarifies the loads on the bicycle wheel that appeared difficult to grasp for one gentleman. In the other, he admonishes someone for posting anonymously. Be warned! Never post anonymously if you are writing to Jobst. And while you're at it, avoid smileys and other nonsensical characters too!
JB's reply : "I chose not to condescend and state anything other than what is engineering fact, explaining why and how the wheel works. I know that many people have great difficulty visualizing this and I believe that is why the wire spoked wheel remained misunderstood and not analyzed until "the Bicycle Wheel" was published. Previously many authors wrote extensively about what they believed took place. None of these recognized that the top spokes or, for that matter, any other spokes of the wheel were affected by the vertical load except the bottom few in the tire contact zone. That loads only unload spokes was also not understood. When a wheel is overloaded or crashed to destruction, none of its spokes are overloaded (other than possibly being kinked after becoming slack).
I am fairly sure that the whole subject is still a mystery to most people who should understand it. I overhear conversations and see postings here that reveal these misconceptions. Even people who seem to grasp the concept have said as much as "I crashed my wheel and have to get all new spokes". Progress is slow in coming."
Topic : Anonymous Postings (2009) : "Dan O" initially justified to Jobst the unseen value in anonymous postings by writing : "What's in a name? You must assume that any information you make available on the internet will be harvested, stored, and used indefinitely and completely outside your control. This information can be accessible to any and every wacko 'in the world'. The availability of information can even affect the security of other people who might never have chosen to make it publicly available. So it is a sensible basic tenet to not provide unnecessary information to systems outside your own control."
JB's reply : "I suppose you don't take off your dark glasses when introduced to people with whom you exchange thoughts and ideas. That and chewing gum is something one once learned not to do in polite societal encounters. I realize that this forum lost all that about 15 years ago and now we occasionally read about newsgroups that have vanished for the large volume of rude and anonymous postings.
I hope you noticed that the least civil postings come from a raft of secret agents. Even Sheldon Brown had no effect on the genre in his days in spite of his courteous style of asking these writers to sign their work with real names. I guess this is like many other fads that people follow without cause or reason, like wearing dark glasses in all weather and night time too to have the I-spy look."
Jobst Brandt : Part I
Jobst Brandt : Part II
Jobst Brandt : Part III
Jobst Brandt : Part IV
Jobst Brandt : Part V
* * *


text:
Leff Amsterdam
Tube Audio Bluetooth Speaker Leff Amsterdam - Copper
Regular price
Copper tube wireless audio speaker from Dutch designers LEFF Amsterdam. A unique design by Piet Hein Eek uses extrusion moulding to create a tubular wireless Bluetooth speaker that rests on two screw-in front legs and features a mesh front.
The rechargeable speaker has an impressive maximum volume of 100dB, can connect to your smartphone or tablet using either Bluetooth or an AUX cable and comes with a USB cable, charger, cleaning cloth, instruction manual and a reassuring two year manufacturer's warranty. – L.R.
Dimensions: Diameter: 5cm x D: 8cm (2" x 3.1")
Weight: 0.23kg / 0.5lbs


text:
When the "Kosher Connection" Team decided to feature stuffing for the November LinkUp, I was so excited to post this recipe! I also happen to be doing a Thanksgiving demo tonight, so the timing was perfect to develop this dish to perfection. I prefer to make individual turkey roulades using turkey cutlets, but you can also make one larger one using a turkey london broil (essentially a skinless, boneless turkey breast half) that's been butterflied and pounded. The visual impact is enough to make everyone at the table ooh and ahh. And that's before they've even tasted it.
Now I love a beautiful plate of food as much of the other person, but I don't like to spend hours in the kitchen. To simplify this recipe, I decided not to sear the turkey breasts (this gives it a nice brown color all around) because that would require me to tie each one up with kitchen twine. Instead, I just rubbed them down with some paprika, garlic powder and olive oil, baked seam-side down in the pan. My 5-Minute (no-joke!) stuffing also keeps things simple, but you can easily stuff the roulades with any store-bought filling (even cold cuts, like in this recipe).
So, if you're making thanksgiving for a small group, and a whole turkey seems too large for your crowd (or like me, you're daunted by the thought of cooking the huge bird), give this beautiful and delicious recipe a try!
Gobble, gobble!
For more delicious Thanksgiving stuffing recipes, visit the Kosher Connection Linkup below. Happy Thanksgiving!
Turkey Roulade
1 pkg turkey cutlets
salt and pepper
5 minute stuffing (recipe below)
garlic powder
extra virgin olive oil
1/4 cup chicken stock
Preheat oven to 400 degrees. Place turkey cutlets between two sheets of plastic wrap and pound with a mallet or rolling pin to even thickness. Remove plastic wrap and season with salt and pepper. Place a spoonful of stuffing on the turkey breast and spread out over cutlet, leaving a 1″ border all around. Starting from the shortest side, roll the turkey breast tightly and place seam-side down in a baking dish. Repeat with remaining cutlets (use a second baking dish, if needed). Sprinkle the roulades with paprika and garlic powder and drizzle with olive oil. Lightly rub in the spices. Pour 1/4 cup chicken stock into the bottom of the pan (repeat with 2nd pan, if you are using). Cover, and bake for 15-20 minutes (more for thicker cutlets). Uncover and bake for an additional 5 minutes.
Slice each roulade and serve over cranberry sauce. My mulled wine version works wonderfully with this recipe!
VARIATION: Instead of cutlets, you can make a larger roulade using a butterflied turkey breast (or turkey london broil). Pound out the breast to even thickness and continue as above. Bake for approximately 1 hour, until thermometer reaches 160 degrees.
One taste of this fantastic stuffing and you'd never imagine it took only 5 minutes to make! There are few tricks here! Firstly, instead of sauteing up onion and garlic, I just use onion and garlic flavored croutons! Nifty, right? Then, I add just a touch of poultry seasoning (a little goes a long way!) to give it that been-stuffed-into-a-bird-for-hours quality! Using frozen spinach not only eliminates work, it also adds a beautiful touch of green – so festive and autumnesque!
5-Minute Stuffing
1 10oz. box frozen chopped spinach, thawed
2 tbsp olive oil
salt and pepper, to taste
2 cups chicken stock
1 5.25oz. bag onion & garlic flavored croutons
1/4 tsp poultry seasoning
Using gloves, squeeze out spinach to remove water. Heat up olive oil in a skillet and add spinach. Season with salt and pepper, and stir until heated through. Add chicken stock, stirring to incorporate, and heat through. Add the croutons and poultry seasoning and stir until croutons soften and soak up the chicken stock.
1 year ago: creamy pareve mashed potatoes


text:
Rudy is an expert on the subject of victims and victim-hood. Did you realize that in many situations in your life you are likely to behave and act like a victim. This episode is the fourth and final of several on the topic of victims and the series takes our listeners through an understanding of their own victimhood caused by their own fears and insecurities and ends in discussions about the global effects of victimhood behaviour. You will find many Core Truths about yourself and gain some practical suggestions for improving your psyche and moving away from fear..
If you are interested in knowing more about us then please visit our websites or Facebook page. We would love to hear from you through our Facebook page and are open to taking any questions you would like answered on the show.
Podcast: Play in new window | Download


text:
President Obama's Speech on Debt Ceiling [Full Text and Video]
Listen live to Obama's July 29th, 2011 remarks on the current debt ceiling debate. We will post a recorded version soon after the speech concludes along with a written full-text transcript of his remarks.
Full Transcript
Good morning, everybody. I want to speak about the ongoing and increasingly urgent efforts to avoid default and reduce our deficit.
Right now, the House of Representatives is still trying to pass a bill that a majority of Republicans and Democrats in the Senate have already said they won't vote for. It's a plan that would force us to re-live this crisis in just a few short months, holding our economy captive to Washington politics once again. In other words, it does not solve the problem, and it has no chance of becoming law.
What's clear now is that any solution to avoid default must be bipartisan. It must have the support of both parties that were sent here to represent the American people — not just one faction. It will have to have the support of both the House and the Senate. And there are multiple ways to resolve this problem. Senator Reid, a Democrat, has introduced a plan in the Senate that contains cuts agreed upon by both parties. Senator McConnell, a Republican, offered a solution that could get us through this. There are plenty of modifications we can make to either of these plans in order to get them passed through both the House and the Senate and would allow me to sign them into law. And today I urge Democrats and Republicans in the Senate to find common ground on a plan that can get support — that can get support from both parties in the House — a plan that I can sign by Tuesday.
Now, keep in mind, this is not a situation where the two parties are miles apart. We're in rough agreement about how much spending can be cut responsibly as a first step toward reducing our deficit. We agree on a process where the next step is a debate in the coming months on tax reform and entitlement reform — and I'm ready and willing to have that debate. And if we need to put in place some kind of enforcement mechanism to hold us all accountable for making these reforms, I'll support that too if it's done in a smart and balanced way.
So there are plenty of ways out of this mess. But we are almost out of time. We need to reach a compromise by Tuesday so that our country will have the ability to pay its bills on time, as we always have — bills that include monthly Social Security checks, veterans' benefits and the government contracts we've signed with thousands of businesses. Keep in mind, if we don't do that, if we don't come to an agreement, we could lose our country's AAA credit rating, not because we didn't have the capacity to pay our bills — we do — but because we didn't have a AAA political system to match our AAA credit rating.
And make no mistake — for those who say they oppose tax increases on anyone, a lower credit rating would result potentially in a tax increase on everyone in the form of higher interest rates on their mortgages, their car loans, their credit cards. And that's inexcusable.
There are a lot of crises in the world that we can't always predict or avoid — hurricanes, earthquakes, tornadoes, terrorist attacks. This isn't one of those crises. The power to solve this is in our hands. And on a day when we've been reminded how fragile the economy already is, this is one burden we can lift ourselves. We can end it with a simple vote — a vote that Democrats and Republicans have been taking for decades, a vote that the leaders in Congress have taken for decades.
It's not a vote that allows Congress to spend more money. Raising the debt ceiling simply gives our country the ability to pay the bills that Congress has already racked up. I want to emphasize that. The debt ceiling does not determine how much more money we can spend, it simply authorizes us to pay the bills we already have racked up. It gives the United States of America the ability to keep its word.
Now, on Monday night, I asked the American people to make their voice heard in this debate, and the response was overwhelming. So please, to all the American people, keep it up. If you want to see a bipartisan compromise — a bill that can pass both houses of Congress and that I can sign — let your members of Congress know. Make a phone call. Send an email. Tweet. Keep the pressure on Washington, and we can get past this.
And for my part, our administration will be continuing to work with Democrats and Republicans all weekend long until we find a solution. The time for putting party first is over. The time for compromise on behalf of the American people is now. And I am confident that we can solve this problem. I'm confident that we will solve this problem. For all the intrigue and all the drama that's taking place on Capitol Hill right now, I'm confident that common sense and cooler heads will prevail.
But as I said earlier, we are now running out of time. It's important for everybody to step up and show the leadership that the American people expect.
Thank you.


text:
FSFE Newsletter – March 2014
The UK attempts to break free from vendor lock-in
The UK government is making progress towards less vendor lock-in. In January, they published a few principles for future government IT contracts. They want to break the dominance of the big software companies who provided the vast majority of software and services to the UK government.
Now they are asking for comments on the standards they should use for "sharing or collaborating with government documents". Among other things, the government proposes to make ODF the sole standard for office-type documents. The FSFE has submitted comments on a proposal by the UK government to use only document formats based on Open Standards in the future. Microsoft also submitted a lengthy comment, urging the government to include OOXML in its list of standards, to which we responded as well.
Why Open Standards aren't enough: the minimal principle
Although a good data-format can only be an Open Standard, FSFE's Bernhard Reiter argues that this requirement alone is not enough. Originally written for last year's Document Freedom Day in German, the article "The minimal principle: because being an open standard is not enough" is now available in English. In a nutshell Bernhard argues that the data-format needs to solve a problem adequately: It should be a good fit from a functional point of view, as well as on a technical level. In order to judge this, there are a number of things to consider: efficiency, maintainability, accessibility, extensibility, learnability, simplicity, longevity and a few more. Two central questions posed are: How well does the data-format solve the problem and --more interesting-- is there a simpler format that could solve the problem just as well?
Read the article, discuss it on our public mailing lists, and if you are a developer always ask yourself if it can be done simpler.
Lots of motivation for Free Software contributors
On February 14th, people all around the world followed our suggestions to express their gratitude and appreciation to Free Software and its contributors on " I love Free Software" day 2014! Blog entries, e-mails to developers, a comic, a picture by the leadership of the German Green party, an #ilovefs festival, blogs dedicated to Free Software in general and developers in particular, and a lot of microblog messages were dedicated to Free Software. We were overwhelmed by the resonance.
Contributors of Free Software projects work hard to ensure our freedom and on this day surely many of them gained new motivation. Thanks to everybody who participated in this year's #ilovefs campaign and if you have not been involved enjoy some of the many love declarations we collected.
Something completely different
- On Document Freedom Day (March 26), FSFE and the Greens/EFA group in the European Parliament are organising an event in the European Parliament to discuss how cryptography can help us break the grip of the surveillance state. The draft program includes Werner Koch (of GnuPG fame, and one of FSFE's founders), Karen O'Donoghue (Internet Society), French journalist Amaelle Guitton, and Swedish IT security expert Joachim Strömbergson.
- Free Software in the public administration: After a decision by the Parliament in the Swiss canton Bern, the government has to implement a bill which lists six measures to support Free Software in the canton's public administrations. The Canaries are increasing their Free Software usage and in Riga they are using more Free Software in children hospitals.
- Furthermore the European Parliament passed a resolution that, among other things, highlights the need for decentralised services with strong privacy protections.
- With our Free Your Android campaign, we ask developers to also publish their mobile applications in F-Droid, a Free Software repository for Android. After talking with the LibreOffice developers about it, briefly before FOSDEM they published "Impress Remote" version 2, a program to control your presentation. Thanks to Daniel Martí, Christian Lohmaier, and Norbert Thiebaud for the work.
- Fighting compulsory routers, raising awareness about "Secure Boot", a joint motion against software patents in the German Parliament, supporting a working group in the German parliament about Free Software, raising questions about Free Software in several elections, organising compliance workshops, and lots of talks and events. Read the 2013 summary from FSFE's German team.
- With the end of the support for Microsoft Windows XP, and a low adoption rate of Windows 8 it is a good time to convince people to switch to GNU/Linux. Our sister organisation FSF wants to improve online resources for helping people to achieve this, and demonstrate GNU/Linux to new audiences.
- They also published an interview with Joerg Henrichs of SuperTuxKart.
- As every year FSFE was present at FOSDEM with a booth. This year with a lot of new posters, leaflets, stickers, t-shirts, and our Fellows gave lots of talks.
- What has happened with Free Software in schools and universities? Read the new Free Software in education news.
- From the planet aggregation:
- Carsten Agger gave an interview for the Danish newspaper about software patents and the European Parliament election.
- The Fellowship group in Aarhus/Denmark which Carsten coordinates, is moving their meetings into the new hackerspace.
- Henrik Sandklef wants to better understand his students, read why he learned Haskell to achieve that in part 1, 2, and 3 of this blog series.
- Fellow Iain Learmonth reported from the Debian Med Sprint 2014 in Stonehaven, Aberdeen.
- Karl Beecher is writing a computer science book for everyone.
- Karsten made a proposal for more transparency in EU policy making.
- Having been inspired by the prospect of chat integration within Roundcube, Paul Boddie set out to install a suitable XMPP server.
- Daniel Pocock writes about about JitMeet a web application from the Jitsi team.
- Erik Albers now published his article The right to control your own devices as a requirement for privacy (in German) in his blog, after it was published in the book Snowden surveillance book by netzpolitik.
- Isabel Drost-Fromm argues that if something didn't happen on the mailing list it didn't happen at all.
- Our intern Max Mehl wrote about secure alternatives to WhatsApp (in German), covering surespot, Telegram, ChatSecure, TextSecure, and Kontalk.
Get active: Participate in Document Freedom Day!
There has been so many news about Open Standards in this edition. Do you want to help us to promote them? If so, Document Freedom Day on 26 March is a good occasion for that. Last year we had 59 events in 30 countries all over the world. This year Sam Tuke and the DFD campaign team aim for 75 events, but they need your help.
Either organise a small event or educate your friends and colleagues through other ways about Open Standards. You can now register your event or order promotional packs with new materials, including multilingual posters and leaflets, flyers, and stickers, as well as new t-shirts.
Thanks to all the volunteers, Fellows and
corporate donors who enable our work,
Matthias Kirschner - FSFE