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Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (Dewa) will double its electric vehicles (EV) charging stations to 200 across Dubai to complete the second phase of the Green Charger initiative.
"Through this initiative, Dewa aims to encourage people to use sustainable transportation of hybrid and electric vehicles, to help reduce carbon emissions in the transport sector, which is the second highest contributor of greenhouse gas emissions in Dubai," said Saeed Mohammed Al Tayer, MD & CEO of Dewa.
"This initiative will contribute effectively to the achievement of the UAE Vision 2021 and Dubai Plan 2021, to make Dubai a smart, integrated and connected city that is fully sustainable with its resources, and where environmental components are clean, healthy and sustainable.
"The Green Charger initiative also contributes to the objectives of the Dubai Clean Energy Strategy 2050, to transform Dubai into an international hub for clean energy and green economy and to enhance Dubai's position as the city with the lowest carbon footprint worldwide. And it also supports the Dubai Carbon Abatement Strategy to reduce carbon emissions by 16 per cent by 2021.
"The Supreme Council launched the Dubai Green Mobility initiative, to encourage the use of sustainable transport and electric vehicles among its member companies. The Supreme Council issued directive number 1 of 2016 for all government organisations that at least 2 per cent of their vehicle purchases must be hybrid or electric vehicles from 2016 to 2020. This will then increase to 10 per cent from 2021 to 2030," added Al Tayer.
"Dubai Government identified the rate per kilowatt hour (kW/h) for public charging of an electric vehicle as 29 fils per kW/h. This figure constitutes significant savings for electric car owners, compared with those that use fuel. For example, a Renault electric car can be charged for a full hour for a cost of only Dh7 ($1.9), where you can drive it for 130 km and can reach the same speeds as conventional cars. The larger the size of the battery the more time is needed to charge the battery, lengthening the distance that can be driven by a car during one charging cycle," added Al Tayer.
"These achievements have helped to strengthen the hybrid and electric vehicle market, encouraged electric vehicle manufacturers and suppliers, and stimulated the use of these environmentally-friendly vehicles for all Dubai residents. The electric vehicles are attracting a big number of people, due to their financial savings in addition to the use of zero-emission vehicles that keep the environment clean and sustainable," concluded Al Tayer.
Dewa is setting up different types of charging stations, including fast-charging stations installed at petrol stations that take 20-40 minutes. These stations have 3 different plugs, one with a capacity of 48 kilowatts (kW) for Alternating Current (AC), CHAdeMO plugs, and Combo plugs with a capacity of 50kW of Direct Current (DC).
Medium-charging stations installed at shopping malls, parks, and Dubai Government customer service centres take 2-4 hours. The stations feature two plugs, each with a capacity of 22kW. And finally, wall-charging stations with a capacity of 22kW for AC will take 2-4 hours to charge.
Dewa launched the Green Charger initiative in April 2014 to install and manage the required infrastructure to charge electric vehicles. The move complements Dewa's efforts to reduce air pollution and protect the environment from the impact of the transport sector in the Emirate.
Gulf Digital News
17 March


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Baubles, bangles, bright shiny beads are words of an old show tune that define appreciation for fabulous crystals. The rhythm and intensity of color and illumination are showcased in Swarovski crystals. Swarovski crystals, the prestigious leaded glass, have long been the distinctive rhinestones of choice, particularly when it comes to the crystals brilliance, clarity of color and multi-faceted cut. Other Czech Republic and Austrian rhinestones do not compare with the Swarovski rhinestones whose brilliant colors, cuts, and shapes are world renowned.
Free Shipping on all orders over $50. Click for Special Offers
Through Crystals2love buy genuine Swarovski rhinestone crystals, the finest Austrian crystal rhinestones on the market. Only genuine Swarovski crystals are created by a special secret recipe of Daniel Swarovski which has been used for over 100 years by the Swarovski Company to create these magnificent rhinestones. Each crystal is identical and faceted with impeccable accuracy. Truly, Swarovski crystals are recognized as the worlds finest rhinestones because of their consistent cut and long lasting color. Their outstanding workmanship and superiority justifies their worldwide name of distinction among rhinestones enthusiasts. Swarovski crystals are a masterpiece of manufacturing excellence.
The Swarovski Company was established in 1895 as a factory in Austria, after Daniel Swarovski received a patent for his cutting machine, a relief from the old and difficult manual cutting process, and lead to the beautiful creation of Swarovski crystals. The outcome was uniformity for all Swarovski crystals and a cheaper affordable price. Swarovski crystals are still prized for their quality and brilliance to this day.
We carry the original standard Swarovski flatback rhinestone as well as a variety of Swarovski hot fix rhinestones and Swarovski beads. They all come in a variety of colors and sizes. All of the products we sell would be classifed as loose rhinestones which means that each one is separate and unattached. We hope you will find the Swarovski rhinestone a great medium to work with and use crystals2love as your supplier of choice. The outstanding brilliance and radiant colors of genuine Swarovski crystals will help you create special pieces of distinction. We sincerely hope you will take advantage of our excellent Swarovski crystals and speedy delivery. Please give us a try for unbeatable product, service and price. Youll love working with us. We take pride in our great customer feedback and speedy delivery. We sell bulk packages of Swarovski crystals, 5 and 10 gross, at wholesale prices, We have tried to make your online shopping experience a simple and easy one. We hope you enjoy browsing through our website and decide to do business with us.
When reflecting back in time, would you have guessed that the first rhinestones were named after the Rhine River whose banks border Germany and Austria? People collected stones for their natural beauty. Most rhinestones come from Austria and the Czech Republic. For thousands of years, people have been creating glass stones using various formulas for glass and various shades of colors.
The creation of any glass crystal is formed by a combination of sand (silica), soda (a form of salt), and lime (burnt limestone) in the presence of extreme heat these elements melt together to form glass. The Swarovski Company has perfected this technique and makes crystals like no other by using an exclusive glass recipe, which is still a well kept secret today. In the 1800s Daniel Swarovski also invented a precision cutting machine which allows each brilliant rhinestone more faceted cuts repeated with exact precision than other brands of rhinestones. Swarovski flatback rhinestones have 14 facets instead of the ordinary 8 facets in addition to a higher lead content in the crystal glass which explains the increased clarity among Swarovski flatback rhinestones. This devotion to excellence of accuracy and detail has made Swarovski crystals the most prized rhinestones to use and own.
Be assured that Crystals2Love sells genuine Swarovski rhinestones directly to you at a discount. Our rhinestones are cheap in price, but are of the highest quality. Whether the crystals purchased are (Style 2028) Swarovski flatback rhinestones, Swarovski hot fix rhinestones, or one of our many other styles of Swarovski rhinestones; you will be satisfied. Whether they are (Style 5000) round crystal beads, (Style 5301 beads) bicones, (Style 6000) teardrop pendants or Swarovski pearls, these genuine Swarovski rhinestones are most in demand and used in many projects. Our Swarovski rhinestones are available in 1 gross and less depending on item and in bulk sales of 5 and 10 gross at wholesale prices.
Today Swarovski is considered timeless elegance in the entertainment and fashion world as well as the household. The fiery brilliance and sparkle of these Swarovski rhinestones are found everywhere. Imagine that the largest Swarovski crystal chandelier ever made is in the home of the Sultanate of Oman. It is over 3 stories tall and contains over 600,000 crystals!
The entertainment world has used Swarovski crystals to enhance the visual enjoyment of small and large production numbers by adding the glitz of sparkling Swarovski crystal beads to dancers costumes on stage and on the ice. Swarovski rhinestones are often used to adorn wedding dresses, headpieces and formal gowns, party dresses, purses, belts, hair ornaments, hats, gloves, and shoes. Even every day clothes make a fashion statement when Swarovski rhinestones and Swarovski beads are applied. Latest fashion trends have dressed up everything from denim to sophisticated and flamboyant outfits. Trend setters use Swarovski crystals and Swarovski crystal beads for upcoming seasons to add shimmer and shine to the ordinary.
View our Ebay Reviews

subset: commoncrawl


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CCTV Camera Security
What is CCTV?
Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) is a system where the circuit in which the video is transmitted is closed and all the elements (camera, display monitors, recording devices) are directly connected. This is unlike broadcast television where any receiver that is correctly tuned can pick up and display or store the signal. Such specialized systems are not subject to regulation by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC); however, security cameras using scrambled radio waves are in fact subject to common carrier tariffs and FCC conditions of service. In the past, these signals would be transmitted to a monitor equipped with a videocassette recorder, but these have been all but totally replaced by digital video recorder (DVR) systems that can store far more video and backup data automatically.
What is CCTV Used For?
The most common use of CCTV is in security camera systems. They've been found for years in areas like large retail shops, banks, and government institutions. Thanks to reduced costs in the manufacture of cameras and video recording equipment, camera systems are becoming more and more commonplace in smaller businesses, and even private homes.
Other Uses of CCTV
CCTV has become ubiquitous in large cities, along major highways, and areas that host large events. On streets and roads, CCTV is often used in traffic law enforcement, but it's used to monitor traffic patterns, allowing emergency services to react quickly to accidents and for maintenance departments to better plan necessary construction projects. In hotels, stadiums, and convention centers, CCTV is often used in private television networks, broadcasting sporting events or special events throughout their facilities.
Most airports and train stations throughout the world have installed security cameras connected to CCTV systems with the goal of combating terrorism. These video feeds are constantly monitored by local and international law enforcement agencies in an effort to keep travellers safe.
CCTV Cameras
Any camera that broadcasts a signal can be attached to a CCTV system, whether it's wired or wireless, but they are most often associated with high-end surveillance cameras. Pan/tilt/zoom (PTZ) cameras allow a user to remotely control a camera. The type of lens used will depend on the application and area the camera will be installed
- Fixed aperture lenses cannot be adjusted for distance or lighting considerations. Lower in cost than other lenses, these are usually sufficient for indoor installations where lighting will be consistent.
- There are two types of adjustable iris lenses. Manual iris lenses can be adjusted for changes in lighting conditions, but it must be done manually. Auto iris camera lenses can sense changes in lighting in the area they observe and will automatically make adjustments so they provide the best picture possible. These are usually the best choice for outdoor installations.
- Manual zoom lenses allow you to adjust the focus area on a camera by hand. If you want to be able to change focus remotely, motorized zoom lenses are also available, but more costly. A third type of zoom lens, automatic zoom, can automatically focus on objects moving within their view.


text: Some pork is raised under organic and natural standards. To qualify under these classifications, specific guidelines must be followed. The guidelines for organic and natural standards are shown below. Natural Organic "Natural or organic" pork is prepared and cooked using the same methods that are used on other pork. The consumer sees "natural or organic" pork as being more nutritious and better for the environment but there is no scientific evidence to support the perception, that "natural or organic" pork is better in quality, appearance or environmentally, than traditionally produced pork. |


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Plugin creates playlist, using links to audio files mp3 | m4a | ogg | wav in the posts of your site. The following tag attributes are used:
Track caption
– class name of the link to the audio file. By default: wpaudio. Can be changed in plugin settings.href="https://sitename.com/path/filename.mp3"
– audio file URL. Relative path is allowed (by default relative to the site root).title="Track title"
– the track title – displayed in the player header. If is empty, the link text is accepted. If link text is also empty, then track title and track caption is filename filename.mp3.alt="Track discription"
– track discription.data-artist="Artist name"
– artist name.data-album="Album title"
– album title. If the album title is not set in this tag, then the album title is the post title.data-length="123"
– track length in seconds.Track caption - link text
– track caption. If link text is not specified, then the title — artist name is displayed instead.
In the link text is allowed to use the html-tags:
,
,
,
, <s>
,
,
,
,
,
If the first character of the link text is #
, then link text is ignored in player, and the title — artist name is displayed instead.
To set track image paste it into the link text:
Track title
In automatic mode (default is off), the plug-in parse the post contents and instead of the text that located between the first and last audio links, inserts the standard WP player with playlist that included of the found audio links.
If for a post to create an custom field single_audio with any value other than an empty string, then each link will be treated as a separate playlist with a single track.
Enclosing shortcode [audiodisk] ... [/audiodisk]
allows you to reduce the range of search for links on the page to text located inside the shortcode tags. This gives you more flexibility to edit posts, allows you to create multiple playlists on single page.
Self-closing shortcode [audiodisk src ="https://sitename.com/path/playlist.m3u" /]
allows you to insert a player with a pre-configured playlist,
there is src – link to the playlist file in the formats m3u or pls. You can set relative path to the file.
The plugin adds "Downoad" button for each track in the standard WP player.
You can disable playlist looping with same named option.
In TinyMCE Editor added three buttons: "Insert audiolink", "Insert audiodisk" and "Insert playlist".
"Insert audiolink" allows insert tag
with all attributes.
"Insert audiodisk" inserts enclosing shortcode [audiodisk] ... [/audiodisk]
around selected text.
The same button "Аudiodisk" available in editor text mode too.
"Insert playlist" inserts self-closing shortcode [audiodisk src ="https://sitename.com/path/playlist.m3u" /]
Plugin will added automaticly attribute data-length
in link while post saving. It's works if audiofile placed on the same site only.
- Upload the plugin files to the
directory, or install the plugin through the WordPress plugins screen directly. - Activate the plugin through the \'Plugins\' screen in WordPress.
- Use the Settings->Plugin Name screen to configure the plugin.
Ask me. I'll respond.
Sorry for my English.
There are no reviews for this plugin.
Contributors & Developers
"Bg Playlist" is open source software. The following people have contributed to this plugin.
Contributors"Bg Playlist" has been translated into 1 locale. Thank you to the translators for their contributions.
Translate "Bg Playlist" into your language.
Interested in development?
Browse the code, check out the SVN repository, or subscribe to the development log by RSS.
- Support PHP 8.0
- Replaced download links to links copy to clipboard for iOs
- Fixed bug in popup tooltip
- Indicator "Wait, pls!" when audio is loading
- Algorithm improvements
- Fixed bugs
- Added buttons "Forward" and "Back". You can set rewind step in the Settings.
- Added M3U playlist for download.
- Fixed bugs.
- Added flying Play/Pause button.
- Plugin will added attribute
while post saving.
- Inserted some improvements.
- Added option "Get duration from audiofile".
- Track title and track caption change places in the hyperlink.
- Fixed bugs.
- Fixed bugs.
- Added three buttons in TinyMCE Editor: "Insert audiolink", "Insert audiodisk" and "Insert playlist".
- Added option "Disable playlist looping".
- Fixed small bugs.
- Starting release.


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ESOcast 6: Lightest Exoplanet Found
Well-known exoplanet researcher Michel Mayor announced on 21 April 2009 the discovery of the lightest exoplanet found so far. The planet, "e", in the famous system Gliese 581, is only about twice the mass of our Earth. The team also refined the orbit of the planet Gliese 581 d, first discovered in 2007, placing it well within the habitable zone, where liquid water oceans could exist. These amazing discoveries are the outcome of more than four years of observations using the most successful low-mass-exoplanet hunter in the world, the HARPS spectrograph attached to the 3.6-metre ESO telescope at La Silla, Chile.
More episodes of the ESOcast are also available.
Find out how to view and contribute subtitles for the ESOcast in multiple languages, or translate this video on Youtube.
Credit:Visual design and editing: Martin Kornmesser, Luis Calçada and Andre Roquette. Cinematography: Peter Rixner. Editing: Herbert Zodet. Web and technical support: Lars Holm Nielsen and Raquel Yumi Shida. Written by: Henri Boffin and Colleen Sharkey Host: Dr. J. Narration: Gaitee Hussain. Music: movetwo. Footage and photos: ESO. Directed by: Herbert Zodet and Colleen Sharkey. Executive producer: Lars Lindberg Christensen
ESOcast HD (High Definition - 1280 x 720)
ESOcast SD (Standard Definition - 640 x 480)
ESOcast HD (High Definition) in Apple Podcasts
ESOcast SD (Standard Definition) in Apple Podcasts
Over de video
Id: | eso0915a |
Publicatiedatum: | 21 april 2009 |
Gerelateerde berichten: | eso0915 |
Duur: | 04 m 56 s |
Frame rate: | 30 fps |
Over het object
Type: | Milky Way : Star : Circumstellar Material : Planetary System |
Categorie: | ESOcast Exoplanets |


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Aquila Ring | Collection Constellation
"Don't wait for the stars to align. Reach up and arrange them the way you want".
The Constellation Collection has been inspired by the stars that light up the darkest skies.
The Aquilla ring is part of the Constellation Collection which has been inspired by the stars that light up the darkest skies. The simple understated Platinum plated 925 Sterling Silver ring with black & copper Hematite gemstones can be worn at all times.
About Faystone Jewellery
Inspired by the beauty of the Mediterranean landscape, sea and sky, Faystone Jewellery captures bold colour combinations within unique, contrasting jewellery designs. Using the hue of the night sky or the play of light when the sun sets, Faystone Jewellery encourages the seizing of a moment or the memory of a feeling encased within wearable memorabilia.
The brand incorporates multi-coloured gemstones in platinum plated sterling silver settings to create elegant designs that can be worn seamlessly from day through to night. Evoking the moment of stars and planets, the brand use gemstones that are sourced from all over the world; from calming hematite to vivid garnets to sparkling blue sapphires.
With a timeless finish, Faystone Jewellery is the staple brand that every woman needs in her jewellery box.


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The transactions highlighted below are representative of Greenhill engagements. In addition, the Firm has completed many engagements that were not publicly-disclosed.
Recent Transactions
Sort By
WEX Inc. - Brazilian Operations/Subsidiary
Advised WEX Inc., a leading fleet and B2B payments company, on the divestiture of its Brazilian subsidiary to Vila Rica Capital.
Advised Brazil-based Infracommerce, a leader in designing, building and delivering the digital B2C and B2B go-to-market strategy for large enterprises, on its Series E funding round
Portal de Documentos
Advised Portal de Documentos, a provider of digital solutions for participants in the credit cycle, with procedures for credit collection, renegotiation and servicing of vehicle and real estate loans, on its 100% sale to Brazil's Stock Exchange, B3 S.A. – Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão
Blu Pagamentos
Advised Blu Pagamentos, a high-growth Brazilian B2B cash management fintech firm, on the sale of a minority stake
Advised the founding shareholders of Rico, a leading independent online investment platform in Brazil, on its 100% sale to XP Investimentos, a Brazilian investment firm
Advised Brasil/CT on a capital injection made by Invest Tech in the Company. Brasil/CT specializes in the e-commerce market and is a leader in B2C and B2B full-commerce and loyalty operations in Brazil. Invest Tech is an investment manager focused on venture capital and private equity in the technology and telecom sectors
Elavon do Brasil
Advised Minneapolis-based US Bancorp, the fifth largest commercial bank in the United States, and the parent company of Elavon, Inc., in the sale of its 50.1 percent majority stake in São Paulo-based, Elavon do Brasil to Stone Pagamentos, a local market, privately-held merchant acquirer.
Advised Policard, one of the largest electronic payment companies in Brazil, on the combination of its business with the Brazilian operations of Groupe Up, one of the leading employee benefits, public, social and loyalty programs providers in the world


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"SQoot", born Dorrell C Smith on March 20, 1986 in Chicago, Illinois spent his younger years in San Diego, CA. He returned to Chicago at the age of 13 After spending several years in San Diego. Shell-shocked upon his return, SQoot experienced gang violence, a failing school system, and broken home. He used music as an outlet to get away from the harsh reality. While maintaining focus and graduating High School, Mr. Smith attained knowledge and experience While serving in the US ARMY where he developed himself as "SQoot" after 2 combat Tours in Iraq and Afghanistan. He continued to focus on music and is the Founder of SQootSME LLC (Street Militia Entertainment).
YouTube Video Link: https://youtu.be/AnLn_flb6co
Spotify Link: https://open.spotify.com/album/3h4LrmRiQtmoMDZMPuaqqq
Tidal Link: https://store.tidal.com/us/album/129780000
Stay Connected
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/StreetMilitiaENT
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sqooty1/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/sqooty1
Website: https://www.sqootsme.com/
YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsaMw1EkwnC9ILsX7gU-I1Q?view_as=subscriber


text: Thats why we insist upon the highest standards for secure transactions and customer information privacy. Please read the following statement to learn about our information gathering and dissemination practices. Note: Our privacy policy is subject to change at any time without notice. To make sure you are aware of any changes, please review this policy periodically. By visiting this Website you agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Privacy Policy. If you do not agree please do not use or access our Website. By mere use of the Website, you expressly consent to our use and disclosure of your personal information in accordance with this Privacy Policy. This Privacy Policy is incorporated into and subject to the Terms of Use.


text:
Wishlists for shopping, daily to-do lists, evening journaling and creative doodles; just a few of the things we use our notebooks for.
A4 hardcover book filled with 80 lined pages of 80gsm paper, with a black satin ribbon bookmark.
Black elastic wraps around the book to keep your notes safe.
Dimensions: 21 x 29.7cm


text:
You are powerful when you believe in yourself – when you know that you are capable of anything you put your mind to. You are beautiful when your strength and determination shines as you follow your own path – when you aren't disheveled by the obstacles along the way. You are unstoppable when you let your mistakes educate you, as your confidence builds from experiences – when you know you can fall down, pick yourself up, and move forward.
Here are 11 ways to become the person you love.
- Stop judging, and appreciate the beauty within you. – Judging yourself is not the same as being honest with yourself. When it comes to living as a compassionate, non-judgmental human being, the only challenge greater than learning to walk a mile in someone else's shoes, is learning to walk a lifetime comfortably in your own. In every smile there is beauty. In every heart there is love. In every mind there is wisdom. In every human being there is a soul, there is life, there is worth, and there is the ability to see all these things in everyone, including one's self. Read The Mastery of Love.
- Treat yourself the way you want others to treat you. – Accept yourself! Insecurity is what's ugly, not you. Be you, just the way you are, in the beautiful way only you know how. The way you treat yourself sets the standard for others. You must love who you are or no one else will either. And when you are truly comfortable in your own skin, not everyone will like you, but you won't care about it one bit.
- Care less about who you are to others. – Don't lose YOU in your search for acceptance by others. Be aware that you will always appear to be a little less than some people prefer you to be, but that most people are unaware that you are so much more than what they see. You are good enough just the way you are. You have nothing to prove to anyone else. Care less about who you are to others and more about who you are to yourself.
- Know your worth. – We often accept the love we think we deserve. It makes no sense to be second in someone's life, when you know you're good enough to be first in someone else's.
- Don't rush intimate relationships. – Love is not about sex, going on fancy dates, or showing off. It's about being with a person who makes you happy in a way nobody else can. You don't need a perfect one, you just need someone who you can trust – who shows you that you're the only one. If you haven't found true love yet, don't settle. There is someone out there who will love you unconditionally, even if it's not the person you were initially hoping for.
- Let go of those who aren't really there. – There are certain people who aren't meant to fit into your life no matter how much you want them to. And the only ones truly worthy of your love are the ones who stand with you through the hard times and laugh with you after the hard times pass. Maybe a happy ending doesn't include anyone else right now. Maybe it's just you, on your own, picking up the pieces and starting over, freeing yourself for something better in the future. Maybe the happy ending is simply letting go.
- Forgive yourself and others. – Of all the things that can be stolen from you – your possessions, your youth, your health, your words, your rights – what no one can ever take from you is your freedom to choose what you will believe in, and who and what your heart will love going forward. Life begins where your fear and resentment ends. Just because someone hurt you yesterday, doesn't mean you should hate the world, or start living life today in constant fear of being hurt tomorrow. When you forgive yourself and others, and stop the inner imprisonment, you're creating the love of your life. Read The Tao of Pooh.
- Focus on the positive. – Do not let the pain make you hopeless. Do not let the negativity wear off on you. Do not let the bitterness steal your sweetness. Even though others may disagree with you, take pride in the fact that you still know the world is a beautiful place. Change your thoughts and you change your reality. Our thoughts are the makers of our moods, the inventors of our dreams, and the creators of our will. That is why we must sort through them carefully, and choose to respond only to those that will help us build the life we want, and the outlook we want to hold as we're living it.
- Believe in the person you are capable of being. – The real purpose of your life is to evolve and grow into the whole person you are capable of being. Have a mind that is open to everything and attached to nothing. Change really is always possible – there is no ability that can't be developed with experience. Don't ever let your negative beliefs stand in the way of your own improvement. Read A New Earth.
- Work on goals you believe in. – Never put off or give up on a goal that's important to you. Not because you still have tomorrow to start or try again, but because you may not have tomorrow at all. Life is shorter than it sometimes seems. Follow your heart today.
- Keep looking and moving straight forward. – Moving on doesn't mean you have forgotten; it means you have accepted what happened in the past and choose to continue living in the present. Moving on doesn't mean you're giving up; it means you're giving yourself another chance by making a choice to be happy rather than hurt. Through all the problems you have faced, the burdens weighing down on your shoulders, the pain in your heart, you have only one thing to say, "I survived and I now know better for next time."
In the end, loving yourself is about enjoying your life, trusting your own feelings, taking chances, losing and finding happiness, cherishing the memories, and learning from the past. Sometimes you have to stop worrying, wondering, and doubting. Have faith that things will work out, maybe not exactly how you planned, but just how it's meant to be.
Photo by: Juliana Coutinho


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Anatidae Temporal range: Early Oligocene – recent[1]
| |
Clockwise from top left: mallard, mute swan, Brazilian teal, paradise shelduck, bufflehead, and greylag goose. | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Anseriformes |
Suborder: | Anseres |
Superfamily: | Anatoidea |
Family: | Anatidae Leach, 1819 |
Type genus | |
Anas Linnaeus, 1758
| |
Genera | |
The Anatidae are the biological family of water birds that includes ducks, geese, and swans. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring on all the world's continents except Antarctica. These birds are adapted for swimming, floating on the water surface, and in some cases diving in at least shallow water. The family contains around 174 species in 43 genera (the magpie goose is no longer considered to be part of the Anatidae and is now placed in its own family, Anseranatidae).
They are generally herbivorous, and are monogamous breeders. A number of species undertake annual migrations. A few species have been domesticated for agriculture, and many others are hunted for food and recreation. Five species have become extinct since 1600, and many more are threatened with extinction.
Description and ecology[edit]
The ducks, geese, and swans are small- to large-sized birds with a broad and elongated general body plan.[2] Diving species vary from this in being rounder. Extant species range in size from the cotton pygmy goose, at as little as 26.5 cm (10.5 in) and 164 g (5.8 oz), to the trumpeter swan, at as much as 183 cm (6 ft) and 17.2 kg (38 lb). The largest anatid ever known is the extinct flightless Garganornis ballmanni at 22 kg (49 lb). The wings are short and pointed, and supported by strong wing muscles that generate rapid beats in flight. They typically have long necks, although this varies in degree between species. The legs are short, strong, and set far to the back of the body (more so in the more aquatic species), and have a leathery feel with a scaly texture. Combined with their body shape, this can make some species awkward on land, but they are stronger walkers than other marine and water birds such as grebes or petrels. They typically have webbed feet, though a few species such as the Nene have secondarily lost their webbing. The bills are made of soft keratin with a thin and sensitive layer of skin on top (which has a leathery feel when touched). For most species, the shape of the bill tends to be more flattened to a greater or lesser extent. These contain serrated lamellae which are particularly well defined in the filter-feeding species.[2]
Their feathers are excellent at shedding water due to special oils. Many of the ducks display sexual dimorphism, with the males being more brightly coloured than the females (although the situation is reversed in species such as the paradise shelduck). The swans, geese, and whistling-ducks lack sexually dimorphic plumage. Anatids are vocal birds, producing a range of quacks, honks, squeaks, and trumpeting sounds, depending on species; the female often has a deeper voice than the male.[3]
Anatids are generally herbivorous as adults, feeding on various water-plants, although some species also eat fish, molluscs, or aquatic arthropods. One group, the mergansers, are primarily piscivorous, and have serrated bills to help them catch fish. In a number of species, the young include a high proportion of invertebrates in their diets, but become purely herbivorous as adults.[3]
The anatids are generally seasonal and monogamous breeders. The level of monogamy varies within the family; many of the smaller ducks only maintain the bond for a single season and find a new partner the following year, whereas the larger swans, geese and some of the more territorial ducks maintain pair bonds over a number of years, and even for life in some species. However, forced extrapair copulation among anatids is common, occurring in 55 species in 17 genera.[4]
Anatidae is a large proportion of the 3% of bird species to possess a penis,[5][6] though they vary significantly in size, shape, and surface elaboration.[7] Most species are adapted for copulation on the water only. They construct simple nests from whatever material is close at hand, often lining them with a layer of down plucked from the mother's breast. In most species, only the female incubates the eggs. The young are precocial, and are able to feed themselves from birth.[3] One aberrant species, the black-headed duck, is an obligate brood parasite, laying its eggs in the nests of gulls and coots. While this species never raises its own young, a number of other ducks occasionally lay eggs in the nests of conspecifics (members of the same species) in addition to raising their own broods.
Relationship with humans[edit]
Duck, eider, and goose feathers and down have long been popular for bedspreads, pillows, sleeping bags, and coats. The members of this family also have long been used for food.
Humans have had a long relationship with ducks, geese, and swans; they are important economically and culturally to humans, and several duck species have benefited from an association with people. However, some anatids are agricultural pests, and have acted as vectors for zoonoses such as avian influenza.
Since 1600, five species of ducks have become extinct due to the activities of humans,[citation needed] and subfossil remains have shown that humans caused numerous extinctions in prehistory. Today, many more are considered threatened. Most of the historic and prehistoric extinctions were insular species, vulnerable due to small populations (often endemic to a single island), and island tameness. Evolving on islands that lacked predators, these species lost antipredator behaviours, as well as the ability to fly, and were vulnerable to human hunting pressure and introduced species. Other extinctions and declines are attributable to overhunting, habitat loss and modification, and hybridisation with introduced ducks (for example the introduced ruddy duck swamping the white-headed duck in Europe). Numerous governments and conservation and hunting organisations have made considerable progress in protecting ducks and duck populations through habitat protection and creation, laws and protection, and captive-breeding programmes.
History of classification[edit]
The name Anatidae for the family was introduced by the English zoologist William Elford Leach in a guide to the contents of the British Museum published in 1819.[8][9] While the status of the Anatidae as a family is straightforward, and which species properly belong to it is little debated, the relationships of the different tribes and subfamilies within it are poorly understood. The listing in the box at right should be regarded as simply one of several possible ways of organising the many species within the Anatidae; see discussion in the next section.
The systematics of the Anatidae are in a state of flux. Previously divided into six subfamilies,[citation needed] a study of anatomical characters by Livezey[10] suggests the Anatidae are better treated in nine subfamilies. This classification was popular in the late 1980s to 1990s.[11] But mtDNA sequence analyses[12][13] indicate, for example, the dabbling and diving ducks do not belong in the same subfamily.
While shortcomings certainly occur in Livezey's analysis,[citation needed] mtDNA is an unreliable source for phylogenetic information in many waterfowl (especially dabbling ducks) due to their ability to produce fertile hybrids,[2] in rare cases possibly even beyond the level of genus (see for example the "Barbary duck"). Because the sample size of many molecular studies available to date is small, mtDNA results must be considered with caution.
While a comprehensive review of the Anatidae which unites all evidence into a robust phylogeny is still lacking, the reasons for the confusing data are at least clear: As demonstrated by the Late Cretaceous fossil Vegavis iaai — an early modern waterbird which belonged to an extinct lineage—the Anatidae are an ancient group among the modern birds. Their earliest direct ancestors, though not documented by fossils yet, likewise can be assumed[citation needed] to have been contemporaries with the non-avian dinosaurs. The long period of evolution and shifts from one kind of waterbird lifestyle to another have obscured many plesiomorphies, while apparent apomorphies are quite often the result of parallel evolution, for example the "non-diving duck" type displayed by such unrelated genera as Dendrocygna, Amazonetta, and Cairina. For the fossil record, see below.
Alternatively,[14] the Anatidae may be considered to consist of three subfamilies (ducks, geese, and swans, essentially) which contain the groups as presented here as tribes, with the swans separated as subfamily Cygninae, the goose subfamily Anserinae also containing the whistling ducks, and the Anatinae containing all other clades.
For the living and recently extinct members of each genus, see the article List of Anatidae species.[citation needed]
- Subfamily: Dendrocygninae (one pantropical genus, of distinctive long-legged goose-like birds)
- Dendrocygna, whistling ducks (8 living species)
- Thalassornis, white-backed duck
- Subfamily: Anserinae, swans and geese (3–7 extant genera with 25–30 living species, mainly cool temperate Northern Hemisphere, but also some Southern Hemisphere species, with the swans in one genus [two genera in some treatments], and the geese in three genera [two genera in some treatments]. Some other species are sometimes placed herein, but seem somewhat more distinct [see below])
- Subfamily: Stictonettinae (one genus in Australia, formerly included in the Oxyurinae, but with anatomy suggesting a distinct ancient lineage perhaps closest to the Anserinae, especially the Cape Barren goose)
- Subfamily: Plectropterinae (one genus in Africa, formerly included in the "perching ducks", but closer to the Tadorninae)
- Subfamily: Tadorninae – shelducks and sheldgeese (This group of larger, often semiterrestrial waterfowl can be seen as intermediate between Anserinae and Anatinae. The 1986 revision[10] has resulted in the inclusion of 10 extant genera with about two-dozen living species [one probably extinct] in this subfamily, mostly from the Southern Hemisphere but a few in the Northern Hemisphere; the affiliations of several presumed tadornine genera has later been questioned[13] and the group in the traditional lineup is likely to be paraphyletic.)
- Pachyanas, Chatham Island duck (prehistoric)
- Tadorna, shelducks (6 species, 1 probably extinct) – possibly paraphyletic
- Radjah, Radjah shelduck
- Salvadorina, Salvadori's teal
- Centrornis, Madagascar sheldgoose (prehistoric, tentatively placed here)
- Alopochen, Egyptian goose and Mascarene shelducks (1 living species, 2 extinct)
- Neochen, (2 species)
- Chloephaga, sheldgeese (4 species)
- Hymenolaimus, blue duck
- Merganetta, torrent duck
- Subfamily: Aythyinae, diving ducks (Some 15 species of diving ducks, of worldwide distribution, in two to four genera; The 1986 morphological analysis[10] suggested the probably extinct pink-headed duck of India, previously treated separately in Rhodonessa, should be placed in Netta, but this has been questioned.[15] Furthermore, while morphologically close to dabbling ducks, the mtDNA data indicate a treatment as distinct subfamily is indeed correct, with the Tadorninae being actually closer to dabbling ducks than the diving ducks[13])
- Subfamily: Anatinae, dabbling ducks and moa-nalos (The dabbling duck group, of worldwide distribution, were previously restricted to just one or two genera, but had been extended[10] to include eight extant genera and about 55 living species, including several genera formerly known as the "perching ducks"; mtDNA on the other hand confirms that the genus Anas is over-lumped and casts doubt on the diving duck affiliations of several genera [see below]. The moa-nalos, of which four species in three genera are known to date, are a peculiar group of flightless, extinct anatids from the Hawaiian Islands. Gigantic in size and with massive bills, they were believed to be geese, but have been shown to be actually very closely related to mallards. They evolved filling the ecological niche of turtles, ungulates, and other megaherbivores.
- Anas: pintails, mallards, etc. (40–50 living species, 3 extinct)
- Chendytes, diving-geese (extinct c. 450–250 BCE, A basal member of the dabbling duck clade[16])
- Spatula, shovelers
- Mareca, wigeons and gadwalls
- Lophonetta, crested duck
- Speculanas, bronze-winged duck
- Amazonetta, Brazilian teal
- Sibirionetta, Baikal teal
- Chelychelynechen, turtle-jawed moa-nalo (prehistoric)
- Thambetochen, large-billed moa-nalos (2 species, prehistoric)
- Ptaiochen, small-billed moa-nalo (prehistoric)
- Tribe: Mergini, eiders, scoters, sawbills and other sea-ducks (There are 9 extant genera and some 20 living species; most of this group occur in the Northern Hemisphere, but a few [mostly extinct] mergansers in the Southern Hemisphere)
- Shiriyanetta (prehistoric)
- Polysticta, Steller's eider
- Somateria, eiders (3 species)
- Histrionicus, harlequin duck (includes Ocyplonessa)
- Camptorhynchus, Labrador duck (extinct)
- Melanitta, scoters (6 species)
- Clangula, long-tailed duck (1 species)
- Bucephala, goldeneyes (3 species)
- Mergellus, smew
- Lophodytes, hooded merganser
- Mergus, mergansers (4 living species, 1 extinct).
- Tribe: Oxyurini, stiff-tail ducks (a small group of 3–4 genera, 2–3 of them monotypic, with 7–8 living species)
- Oxyura, stiff-tailed ducks (5 living species)
- Nomonyx, masked duck
- Heteronetta, black-headed duck
- Unresolved: The largest degree of uncertainty concerns whether a number of genera are closer to the shelducks or to the dabbling ducks. See also the monotypic subfamilies above, and the "perching ducks"
- Coscoroba, coscoroba swan – Anserinae or same subfamily as Cereopsis?
- Cereopsis, Cape Barren goose – Anserinae, Tadorninae, or own subfamily?
- Biziura, musk ducks (1 living species) - Oxyurini?
- Cnemiornis, New Zealand geese (prehistoric) – as Cereopsis
- Malacorhynchus, pink-eared ducks (1 living species) – Tadorninae, Oxyurinae or Dendrocheninae?
- Sarkidiornis, comb duck – Tadorninae or closer to dabbling ducks?
- Tachyeres, steamer ducks (4 species) – Tadorninae or closer to dabbling ducks?
- Cyanochen, blue-winged goose – Tadorninae or more distant clade?
- Nettapus, pygmy geese (3 species) – Anatinae or part of Southern Hemisphere radiation?
- Pteronetta, Hartlaub's duck – traditionally dabbling ducks, but may be closer to Cyanochen
- Cairina and Asarcornis, Muscovy duck and white-winged duck, respectively (2 species) – traditionally dabbling ducks, but may be paraphyletic, with one species in Tadorninae and the other closer to diving ducks
- Aix, Mandarin duck and wood duck (2 species) – dabbling ducks or Tadorninae?
- Callonetta, ringed teal – dabbling ducks or Tadorninae?
- Chenonetta, maned duck (1 living species) – dabbling ducks or Tadorninae? Includes Euryanas.
- Marmaronetta, marbled duck – formerly dabbling ducks; actually a diving duck or a distinct subfamily
Prehistoric species[edit]
From subfossil bones found on Kauaʻi (Hawaiian Islands), two enigmatic waterfowl are known.[17] The living and assignable prehistoric avifauna of the archipelago contains as Anseriformes Branta geese and their descendants, and the moa-nalos as mentioned above. The following taxa, although certainly new species, cannot be assigned even to subfamily; that Kauaʻi is the oldest of the large Hawaiian Islands, meaning the species may have been evolving in isolation for nearly 10 mya (since the Late Miocene), does not help in determining their affinities:
- Long-legged "shelduck", Anatidae sp. et gen. indet.
- Kaua'i mole duck, Talpanas lippa
Similarly, Branta rhuax from the Big Island of Hawaiʻi, and a gigantic goose-like anatid from Oʻahu are known only from very incomplete, and in the former case much damaged, bone fragments. The former has been alleged to be a shelduck,[18] but this was generally dismissed because of the damage to the material and biogeographic considerations. The long-legged Kauaʻi bird, however, hints at the possibility of a former tadornine presence on the archipelago.
Fossil Anatidae[edit]
The fossil record of anatids is extensive, but many prehistoric genera cannot be unequivocally assigned to present-day subfamilies for the reasons given above. For prehistoric species of extant genera, see the respective genus accounts.
Dendrocheninae – a more advanced relative of the whistling-ducks or an ancestral relative of stifftail ducks paralleling whistling-ducks; if not extinct possibly belong in Oxyurinae (including Malacorhynchus)
- Mionetta (Late Oligocene – Middle Miocene of C Europe) – includes "Anas" blanchardi, "A." consobrina, "A." natator, "Aythya" arvernensis
- Manuherikia (Bathans Early/Middle Miocene of Otago, New Zealand)
- Dendrochen (Early – Late? Miocene) – includes "Anas" integra, "A." oligocaena
- Dendrocheninae gen. et sp. indet. (Late Miocene of Argentina)
- Cygnavus (Early Oligocene of Kazakhstan – Early Miocene of Germany)
- Cygnopterus (Middle Oligocene of Belgium – Early Miocene of France) – sometimes included in Cygnavus
- Megalodytes (Middle Miocene of California, US)
- "cf. Megalodytes" (Haraichi Middle Miocene of Annaka, Japan)
- Anserobranta (Late Miocene of C Europe) – includes "Anas" robusta, validity doubtful
- Presbychen (Temblor Late Miocene of Sharktooth Hill, US)
- Afrocygnus (Late Miocene – Early Pliocene of EC Africa)
- Paracygnus (Kimball Late Pliocene of Nebraska, US)
- Eremochen (Pliocene)
- Australotadorna (Late Oligocene – Early Miocene of Australia)
- Miotadorna (Bathans Early/Middle Miocene of Otago, New Zealand)
- Tadorninae gen. et sp. indet. (Calvert Middle Miocene of Maryland, US)
- Balcanas (Early Pliocene of Dorkovo, Bulgaria) – may be synonym of Tadorna or even common shelduck
- Anabernicula (Late Pliocene ? – Late Pleistocene of SW and W North America)
- Brantadorna (Middle Pleistocene of Vallecito Creek, US)
- Nannonetta (Late Pleistocene of Peru)
- Pinpanetta (Late Oligocene – Early Miocene of Australia)
- Dunstanetta (Bathans Early/Middle Miocene of Otago, New Zealand) – tentatively placed here
- Tirarinetta (Pliocene of Australia)
- Aldabranas (Late Pleistocene of Aldabra, Indian Ocean) – anatine or tadornine* "Anas" albae (Late Miocene of Polgárdi, Hungary) – mergine? Formerly in Mergus
- "Anas" eppelsheimensis (Early Pliocene of Eppelsheim, Germany) – anatine?
- "Anas" isarensis (Late Miocene of Aumeister, Germany) – anatine?
- "Anas" luederitzensis (Kalahari Early Miocene of Lüderitzbucht, Namibia) – anatine?
- "Anas" meyerii (Middle Miocene of Öhningen, Germany) Described from a single badly crushed tarsometatarsus and phalanges. This species was named in 1867 by Milne-Edwards and then recombined in 1964 by Brodkorb to the genus Aythya. This species is currently regarded as Aves incertae sedis.[19]
- "Anser" scaldii (Late Miocene of Antwerp, Belgium) – anserine or tadornine* Anatidae gen. et sp. indet. (Waite Late Miocene of Alcoota, Australia) – anatine, oxyurine?
- "Anas" velox (Middle–Late? Miocene of C Europe) – anatine? May include "A." meyerii
- Anatidae gen. et sp. indet. (Waite Late Miocene of Alcoota, Australia) – tadornine?
- Anatidae gen. et sp. indet. MNZ S42797 (Bathans Early/Middle Miocene of Otago, New Zealand)
- Anatidae gen. et sp. indet. (Middle Miocene of Nördlinger Ries, Germany) – tadornine?
- Anatidae gen. et sp. indet. (Sajóvölgyi Middle Miocene of Mátraszõlõs, Hungary)[20]
- "Aythya" chauvirae (Middle Miocene of Sansan, France and Credinţa, Romania) – 2 species
- Caerulonettion (Early Miocene of France and the Czech Republic, Middle Miocene of Germany)
- "Chenopis" nanus (Pleistocene of Australia) – at least 2 taxa, may be living species
- Garganornis (Late Miocene of Gargano, Italy)
- Matanas (Bathans Early/Middle Miocene of Otago, New Zealand)
- Mioquerquedula (Middle Miocene of Mongolia)
- "Oxyura" doksana (Early Miocene of Dolnice, Czech Republic)
Putative or disputed prehistoric anatids are:
- Romainvillia (Late Eocene/Early Oligocene) – anseranatid or anatid (own subfamily)
- Loxornis (Deseado Early Oligocene of Argentina)
- Paracygnopterus (Early Oligocene of Belgium and England)
- Teleornis (Deseado Early Oligocene of Argentina)
- Guguschia (Late Oligocene of Pirəkəşkül, Azerbaijan) – anserine or Pelagornithidae (same as Caspiodontornis?)
- Chenornis (Early Miocene) – anserine or Phalacrocoracidae
- Paranyroca (Rosebud Early Miocene of Bennett County, US) – anatid (own subfamily) or distinct family?
- Eoneornis (Miocene of Argentina) – anatine? A nomen dubium
- Eutelornis (Miocene of Argentina) – anatine?
The Middle Oligocene Limicorallus (from Chelkar-Teniz (Kazakhstan) was sometimes considered an anserine. It is now recognized as a primitive cormorant. The middle Eocene Eonessa was formerly thought to belong to Anatidae, however reexamination of the holotype in 1978 resulted in the genus being placed as Aves incertae sedis.[1]
See also[edit]
- ^ a b Olson, Storrs L.; Feduccia, A. (1980). "Presbyornis and the Origin of the Anseriformes (Aves: Charadriomorphae)" (PDF). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 323 (323). Smithsonian Institution: 1–24. doi:10.5479/si.00810282.323. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-27. Retrieved 2010-01-25.
- ^ a b c Carboneras, Carles (1992): Family Anatidae (Ducks, Geese and Swans). In: del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew & Sargatal, Jordi (eds.): Handbook of Birds of the World (Volume 1: Ostrich to Ducks): 536–629. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. ISBN 84-87334-10-5
- ^ a b c Todd, Frank S. (1991). Forshaw, Joseph (ed.). Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds. London: Merehurst Press. pp. 81–87. ISBN 1-85391-186-0.
- ^ McKinney, Frank; Evarts, Susan (1998). "Sexual coercion in waterfowl and other birds". Ornithological Monographs. 49 (49): 165–193. doi:10.2307/40166723. JSTOR 40166723.
- ^ McCracken, Kevin G. (2000). "The 20-cm Spiny Penis of the Argentine Lake Duck (Oxyura vittata)" (PDF). The Auk. 117 (3): 820–825. doi:10.2307/4089612. JSTOR 4089612. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-07-05.
- ^ Brennan, Patricia; Birkhead, Tim; Zyskowski, Kristof; Van Der Waag, Jessica; Prum, Richard (2008). "Independent evolutionary reductions of the phallus in basal birds" (PDF). Journal of Avian Biology. 39 (5): 487–492. doi:10.1111/j.0908-8857.2008.04610.x.
- ^ Briskie, James; Montgomerie, Robert (1997). "Sexual selection and the intromittent organ of birds". Journal of Avian Biology. 28 (1): 73–86. doi:10.2307/3677097. JSTOR 3677097.
- ^ Leach, William Elford (1819). "Eleventh Room". Synopsis of the Contents of the British Museum (15th ed.). London: British Museum. pp. 63–68 [67]. The name of the author is not specified in the document, Leach was the Keeper of Zoology at the time.
- ^ Bock, Walter J. (1994). History and Nomenclature of Avian Family-Group Names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. Vol. 222. New York: American Museum of Natural History. pp. 133, 245. hdl:2246/830.
- ^ a b c d Livezey, Bradley C. (1986). "A phylogenetic analysis of recent anseriform genera using morphological characters" (PDF). Auk. 103 (4): 737–754. doi:10.1093/auk/103.4.737. JSTOR 4087184.
- ^ Madge, Steve & Burn, Hilary (1987): Wildfowl : an identification guide to the ducks, geese and swans of the world. Christopher Helm, London. ISBN 0-7470-2201-1
- ^ Sraml, M.; Christidis, L.; Easteal, S.; Horn, P.; Collet, C. (1996). "Molecular Relationships Within Australasian Waterfowl (Anseriformes)". Australian Journal of Zoology. 44 (1): 47–58. doi:10.1071/ZO9960047.
- ^ a b c Johnson, Kevin P.; Sorenson, Michael D. (1999). "Phylogeny and biogeography of dabbling ducks (genus Anas): a comparison of molecular and morphological evidence" (PDF). Auk. 116 (3): 792–805. doi:10.2307/4089339. JSTOR 4089339.
- ^ Terres, John K. & National Audubon Society (NAS) (1991): The Audubon Society Encyclopedia of North American Birds. Wings Books, New York. Reprint of 1980 edition. ISBN 0517032880
- ^ Collar, N. J.; Andreev, A. V.; Chan, S.; Crosby, M. J.; Subramanya, S. & Tobias, J. A. (eds.) (2001): Pink-headed Duck Archived 2007-03-11 at the Wayback Machine. In:Threatened Birds of Asia: The BirdLife International Red Data Book: 489–501. BirdLife International. ISBN 0-946888-44-2
- ^ Buckner, Janet C; Ellingson, Ryan; Gold, David A; Jones, Terry L; Jacobs, David K (2018). "Mitogenomics supports an unexpected taxonomic relationship for the extinct diving duck Chendytes lawi and definitively places the extinct Labrador Duck" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 122: 102–109. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.12.008. PMID 29247849.
- ^ Burney, David A.; James, Helen F.; Burney, Lida Pigott; Olson, Storrs L.; Kikuchi, William; Wagner, Warren L.; Burney, Mara; McCloskey, Deirdre; Kikuchi, Delores; Grady, Frederick V.; Gage, Reginald II; Nishek, Robert (2001). "Fossil Evidence for a Diverse Biota from Kauaʻi and Its Transformation since Human Arrival" (PDF). Ecological Monographs. 71 (4): 615–641. doi:10.2307/3100038. JSTOR 3100038.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Short, Lester L. (1970). "A new anseriform genus and species from the Nebraska Pliocene" (PDF). Auk. 87 (3): 537–543. doi:10.2307/4083796. JSTOR 4083796.
- ^ Mlíkovský, J. (1992). "The present state of knowledge of Tertiary birds of Central europe" (PDF). Science Series. Los Angeles County, CA: Natural History Museum. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-19. Retrieved 2013-03-11.
- ^ Gál, Erika; Hír, János; Kessler, Eugén & Kókay, József (1998–99): Középsõ-miocén õsmaradványok, a Mátraszõlõs, Rákóczi-kápolna alatti útbevágásból. I. A Mátraszõlõs 1. lelõhely Archived 2011-07-21 at the Wayback Machine [Middle Miocene fossils from the sections at the Rákóczi chapel at Mátraszőlős. Locality Mátraszõlõs I.]. Folia Historico Naturalia Musei Matraensis 23: 33–78. [Hungarian with English abstract]
Further reading[edit]
- Gonzalez, J.; Düttmann, H.; Wink, M. (2009). "Phylogenetic relationships based on two mitochondrial genes and hybridization patterns in Anatidae". Journal of Zoology. 279 (3): 310–318. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2009.00622.x.
- Johnsgard, Paul A. (2010): Ducks, Geese, and Swans of the World, Revised edition
- Johnsgard, Paul A. (2010): Waterfowl of North America, Revised edition
- Steadman, David William (1999). "The Prehistory of Vertebrates, Especially Birds, on Tinian, Aguiguan, and Rota, Northern Mariana Islands" (PDF). Micronesica. 31 (2): 319–345. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2004-07-05.
External links[edit]
- Anatidae videos on the Internet Bird Collection
- Anatidae stamps – Stamps on ducks, swans and geese


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How does an artist transform her source material? At her Greenpoint, Brooklyn studio, artist Erin Shirreff discusses the creation of her recent video work, Lake (2012). Working from a photograph of Lake Okanagan (the area she grew up in British Columbia, Canada) that she found in an early 1980′s tourist magazine, Shirreff builds Lake from a single found image. Shirreff's process is an unexpected mixture of digital and analog technique: in Photoshop, she creates a series of color variations based on the original source picture but then re-photographs those variations—using intentionally distorting lighting techniques—to create thousands of "secondary" images. Bringing those secondary images into her editing software, Shirreff constructs a seamless video sequence, creating the effect of an uncannily shifting landscape in a slow but constant state of visual change. Editing the video presents a subtle aesthetic challenge. Shirreff strives to find the right balance between the artifice of naturalistic, weather-like effects and the illusion-breaking reality of the original photographic surfaces. In previous video works like Roden Crater (2009) and UN 2010 (2010), Shirreff reveals her on-going psychological fascination with singular forms situated in a deep landscape. The slow play of light and color over images of the Roden Crater and UN building serve to throw those forms' fundamental stillness and apartness into relief. At the Hauser & Wirth gallery in Manhattan, Lake is projected on a freestanding wall, yet another transformation of the original source image, from two-dimensional photograph to time-based sculptural object.
Erin Shirreff (b. 1975, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada) lives and works in Brooklyn, New York.
CREDITS | "New York Close Up" Created & Produced by: Wesley Miller & Nick Ravich. Editor: Brad Kimbrough. Cinematography: Rafael Moreno Salazar & Nick Ravich. Sound: Scott Fernjack & Nick Ravich. Associate Producer: Ian Forster. Production Assistant: Amanda Long & Tida Tippapart. Design: Open. Artwork: Erin Shirreff. Thanks: British Columbia Magazine, Hauser & Wirth, Justin Martin, Janina McLaren, & Parks Canada. An Art21 Workshop Production. © Art21, Inc. 2012. All rights reserved.


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SIDNEY (AP) — Maine authorities say a father and son are facing sex trafficking charges for allegedly running a prostitution operation out of their Sidney home.
Forty-six-year old Frederick Horne Sr. and 19-year-old Frederick Horne Jr. were both issued a summons to court to face a charge of sex trafficking following a raid on the home Thursday.
Authorities say at least six women were at the home, site of the Adam & Eve Escort Service, allegedly run by the Hornes. None of the women was arrested.
Prosecutors say they advertised online and in the local newspaper.
The elder Horne told the Morning Sentinel (http://bit.ly/1sL0MiQ ) that he simply rented out rooms to the women.
In an unrelated case, an Augusta woman was charged with sex trafficking after a raid Thursday on a Litchfield home.
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Send questions/comments to the editors.


text:
HMRC latest Employer Bulletin includes everything from P11D to CIS information
HMRC have issued the latest version of the Employer Bulletin. The June edition has articles on a number of issues including:
- P11D and P11D(b) filing and payment deadlines
- benefits in kind with cash allowances, flexible benefit packages and salary sacrifice
- important information about childcare voucher and directly-contracted childcare schemes
- Construction Industry Scheme – helpful reminders for subcontractors
If you have any queries on payroll matters please contact us.
Internet link: HMRC Employer Bulletin June 2018


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... having trouble sleeping means you're likely to gain weight!
Jul 04, 2010
While trolling around the net I happended on to this new item and decided to share. Enjoy...or not, WINK!Women, try not to think of this if you lie awake at night: having trouble sleeping means you're likely to gain weight.
As if simply getting older weren't hard enough, new research shows that middle-aged and older women who have trouble falling or staying asleep may pack on more pounds than their well-rested contemporaries.
A number of studies have found that sleep-deprived children and adults are more likely to be overweight than those who usually get a full night's rest. But many of those studies assessed people at one point in time, so it was hard to know which came first, the sleep problems or the excess pounds.
A few studies have followed people over time, but they've disagreed about whether poor sleep is linked to expanding waistlines.
The new findings, reported in the International Journal of Obesity, strengthen the evidence that sleep problems are related to weight gain. In this case, the study design allowed the researchers to show that sleep problems came before substantial weight gain in some participants.
Finnish researchers followed more than 7,300 40- to 60-year-old adults for seven years. They found that women who reported significant sleep problems at the outset generally put on more weight over time than women who slept well.
Roughly one-third of women with frequent sleep problems gained at least 11 pounds, versus about a fifth of women with no sleep difficulties at the outset.
Men were spared, however. Their sleep problems were not related to weight gain.
The link in the women persisted even when the investigators accounted for a number of factors that can affect both sleep quality and weight gain -- including participants' body weight at the study's start, their exercise habits and their general physical and mental health.
While the findings do not prove cause-and-effect, they raise the possibility that improving sleep quality might help stave off excess weight gain, lead researcher Peppi Lyytikainen, of the University of Helsinki, told Reuters Health by e-mail.
The 7,332 men and women in the study were first surveyed between 2000 and 2002. Those who said they'd had trouble falling asleep or staying asleep on at least 14 nights in the past month were classified as having "frequent" sleep problems. The study participants also reported their weight and height during the first survey, then again five to seven years later.
At the outset, 20 percent of women had frequent sleep problems. Overall, the study found, those women were more likely to report a "major" weight gain -- 11 pounds or more -- by the study's end compared to women who slept well.
But the 17 percent of men who reported sleep problems were no more likely to gain weight than those who slept without difficulty.
The reason for the disparate findings for men and women is unclear, according to Lyytikainen's team. But it might be related to the fact that the study included a smaller number of men than women -- 1,300 versus more than 5,700 -- which may have made any potential effect among men harder to detect.
This type of study, however -- in which researchers observe people over time -- can't prove cause-and-effect. While the researchers accounted for a number of variables related to sleep and weight -- like self-reported general health and exercise and other lifestyle habits -- they cannot rule out the possibility that factors other than sleep problems account for the higher risk of substantial weight.
Other research does suggest that sleep deprivation may affect the body in ways that contribute to weight gain, Lyytikainen said.
There is evidence, for example, that sleep loss alters people's levels of the appetite-regulating hormones leptin and ghrelin -- which could, in theory, spur them to overeat.
It is unknown, however, whether treating insomnia and other sleep disturbances has any added benefit for people's waistlines. SOURCE: http://link.reuters.com/nub45m International Journal of Obesity, online June 8, 2010.


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Your mom is when your mom and you arent your mom.
Or were they just trolls?
The logs validate Crudblud's story.
What original games? No one answered because no one knows what you're talking about.
It helps if you read the thread before replying.
Quote from: Saddam Hussein on December 08, 2013, 04:22:06 AMIt helps if you read the thread before replying.It helps if you would make sense. Why are you talking about original games? You mean Fallout? You've never played Fallout?
There are cigarettes in joints. You don't smoke it by itself.
I hadn't until a few days ago. I'm interested in becoming a full-fledged fanboy.
@Saddam: Thank you, too. I'll get back to you later.
Quote from: Crudblud on December 06, 2013, 08:06:04 PM@Saddam: Thank you, too. I'll get back to you later.Ahem.
It was the same FEV, so it makes sense that the SMs would be similar. Perhaps they could have gone for a little more variety, yes, but I imagine they were worried about getting a reaction from the fans of "That's not what the SMs look like! Betrayal!"
This probably goes back to what I was saying earlier about them wanting to start off slowly with their world-building and get new players accustomed to the Fallout universe. However, there is one thing that the Enclave had in this game that they didn't have in F2 - Malcolm McDowell. Come on, you have to admit that you liked Eden at least a little. McDowell gleefully chewed the scenery anytime he spoke, and he was obviously having so much fun with the role that it was impossible not to enjoy it along with him. In fact, I'd say that he was one of the best parts of the game.
When you make a complaint like this, is it any wonder that Bethesda decided not to throw in any new twists with the Enclave? In any case, it's made very clear all throughout the game that this chapter of the Brotherhood has abandoned its original mission, and that the higher-ups are not at all happy about it - but what can they do? Go to war? Send over more men and slaughter them all? You could make the argument that this conflict of principles wasn't handled very well, and maybe it wasn't, but the concept itself isn't a bad one, and it's quite plausible that a situation like this would arise at some point during the Brotherhood's long history. After all, Lyons wasn't the only member to grow disillusioned with the Brotherhood's goals and purpose; he just took it further than anyone else.
I can't disagree with any of this - well, the one thing I will say is that the guy in Girdershade is a badass who's capable of protecting the two of them, but it's still a silly setup, and so are all the other places you mentioned. Someone down the line must have thought that eccentricity was the way to go for pretty much everyone in the game. Maybe they thought it would be funny?
Yeah, I think Bethesda was more interested in depicting a post-apocalyptic world than one that was post-post-apocalyptic. That certainly wasn't what Fallout was about. And I also agree that the comedy, writing, and voice acting were almost entirely crap. I think the funniest part of the game is when Autumn is interrogating you, and you have the option to reply with "Fuck you," and follow it up with, "No, seriously. Fuck you." That really tickled me for some reason.
Anyway, thanks for the lengthy response. I don't suppose you've played the DLC, by any chance?
Motherfuckers! I bought these games for twenty dollars just a couple of weeks ago, and now they're fucking free?http://www.gog.com/promo/fallout_series_giveaway_winter_promo_2013Fuck! Shit! Goddammit!


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Chanel SS14, Paris
Paris, October 2013. Photos & Editing by Park & Cube. Le obviously.
Can we please just pause for a moment and ponder the man with the lone sunflower stalk? I was running ten minutes late and was trotting up a side road to the Grand Palais when I spotted him, leaning on a rake, looking with complete indifference. I stopped and watched him for a while, it was like an abstract performance; and what did the sunflower mean?
The invitation read Chanel Art… and unmistakeably the entire set was decked out in Karl's faux art pieces: a bucket of bag chain, brightly painted canvases (canvasi?), a giant No.5 robot… The Grand Palais was transformed into a theme park of sorts, and the guests queued for their turn on the 'rides', for a #selfie with the art pieces. In fact, it wouldn't have been surprising if it was possible to collect your photos at the end of the show.
The collection too was an explosion of textures, shapes and colour: pink nylon strips masterfully woven into the bouclé, two-sided mega bibs, paint-palette eye makeup, graffiti'd boy bags… and towards the end, a celebration of the medium, a tipping out of the craft drawer, so to speak – smeared-charcoal skirts, spray-paint stencilled backpacks adorned with colourful ropes… piled on all together of course, Chanel-style. There was no hidden philosophy in the title, it was, quite delightfully, a play with ideas that typically are associated with 'Art': galleries, paintings, 3D installations, fabric scraps, paint palette, art school, portfolio. All connected with a bit of Chanel magic and Karl fun – performed at the end by the man himself, who bounced the entire length of the Grand Palais and back, blowing kisses at the audience. I guess I went in expecting a quiz of abstract artistic expression, or a grand nod to some moment in art history, but came out reminiscing my peachy art-school days. I saw the sunflower again on my way out and it was just a happy sunflower. Nothing C'est nes pas un sunflower to it at all.


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date 02/28/07
For more information, contact
Jeff Salem, Director of Communications & Public Relations, emailNebraska City, NE (February 28, 2007) - The National Arbor Day Foundation has announced the launch of a new campaign in partnership with Alliance Flooring Inc., parent company of CarpetsPlus-Color Tile, to plant trees and preserve rain forest land.
For each purchase of CarpetsPlus-Color Tile's exclusive and environmentally friendly EcoChoice™ branded flooring products, Alliance Flooring will make a donation to the Arbor Day Foundation to support two of its programs. Contributions will help replant America's national forests and preserve rain forest land in Latin America through the Foundation's Rain Forest Rescue® program.
"Our partnership with The National Arbor Day Foundation is a natural fit," said Jon Logue, Co-CEO and President of Alliance Flooring. "While we can assure consumers our EcoChoice™ Hardwoods come from managed and sustainable forest, we must go the extra mile to ensure we are doing our part in protecting trees worldwide from illegal harvesting and the devastating effect of forest fires."
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Last year was the worst forest fire season on record, burning more than 9.6 million acres of land and creating a need for planting millions of trees. In addition, nearly 100,000 acres of precious rain forests are destroyed every day - destruction that the Foundation's Rain Forest Rescue® program strives to reduce with education for small family farms. "This generous contribution from Alliance Flooring on behalf of the CarpetsPlus-Color Tile stores nationwide will help restore wildlife habitat, protect soil and waterways, and preserve the Earth's vital forests for this and future generations," said Rosenow.
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WASHINGTON – Republicans now running the House are barely touching Congress' generous own budget even as they take a cleaver to many domestic agencies.
A new GOP proposal would reduce domestic agencies' spending by 9 percent on average through September, when the current budget year ends.
If that plan becomes law, it could lead to layoffs of tens of thousands of federal employees, big cuts to heating and housing subsidies for the poor, reduced grants to schools and law enforcement agencies, and a major hit to the Internal Revenue Service's budget.
Congress, on the other hand, would get nicked by only 2 percent, or $94 million.
Recent hefty increases to the congressional budget — engineered by Democrats when they held power in the House from 2007-2010 — would remain largely in place under a plan announced Thursday by the chairman of the House Appropriations Committee, Rep. Harold Rogers, R-Ky.
The plan, developed in close consultation with Republican Speaker John Boehner's office, would cut Congress' budget less than any other domestic spending bill, except for the one covering the Department of Homeland Security.
All 12 spending bills left unfinished by Democrats will go into a single, enormous measure that Republicans promise to bring up the week of Feb. 14.
"Charity begins at home, and Congress should lead the way with cuts to their own budget," said Steve Ellis of Taxpayers for Common Sense, a Washington-based watchdog group. "Instead they're protecting their bottom line while slashing everyone else's."
The cut to Congress gets a little deeper, to 3.5 percent, if it were imposed for a full calendar year instead of the seven months that will remain in the current budget year. But so, too, would the cuts to other agencies — growing to 16 percent.
When Democrats took over Congress in 2007, they inherited a $3.8 billion budget for Congress. That includes money for members' and leadership offices, House and Senate committees, and support agencies such as the Capitol Police and the Congressional Budget Office, which crunches numbers for lawmakers as they consider legislation.
Since then, that budget has risen to $4.7 billion, a 23 percent increase over four years. The biggest jump, 11 percent, occurred when President Barack Obama signed a Democratic-written spending bill just after he took office in 2009.
Among the first items of business when the GOP regained the House was to pass a bipartisan measure to cut office and committee budgets by 5 percent. That move that prompted much self-congratulation even though it would produce just $35 million in savings. For context, the deficit is climbing toward $1.5 trillion this year.
Republicans bristle at the suggestion that Congress is getting off easy. They promise further cuts when the Senate pitches in and when the two chambers work out joint items such as budgets for the Capitol Police, Library of Congress and the Government Accountability Office.
"Earlier this year, the House passed unprecedented cuts to its own budget, and we are cutting more ... a total of nearly $100 million in House-related spending cuts," said Boehner's spokesman, Michael Steel. "The Senate has substantial responsibility for the overall legislative branch appropriations bill, and we hope to work with them to cut even more going forward."
Republicans will provide more details about the spending bill in the week ahead.
Legislative branch cuts are hardly unprecedented. Former Speaker Newt Gingrich engineered an 8 percent cut in Congress's budget when Republicans last wrested control of the House, in 1995.
When Democrats gained a majority in 2007, the budget for the office of the speaker's office — considered the most powerful of any in Congress — exploded. As speaker, Rep. Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., engineered a $2 million, 71 percent increase immediately after that transfer of party control.
A Pelosi spokesman attributed some of the increase to her decision to consolidate a variety of leadership jobs within her office — as opposed to the power-sharing approach of her predecessor, Republican Dennis Hastert of Illinois.
Regardless, Boehner inherited a pretty flush office account, which permits him a sizable staff contingent, including a press and communications operation with a dozen people. Capitol Hill news coverage has increased considerably in recent years with the advent of the 24-hour news cycle, the growth of niche publications and a range of new online media, including Twitter and Facebook.
House Appropriations Committee: http://appropriations.house.gov/
Speaker Boehner's site: http://www.speaker.gov/
Taxpayers For Common Sense: http://taxpayer.net


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Although I feel more like an actual New Yorker the longer I'm in NYC, I've still done a decent job of hitting up tourist locations. Since I can't share a lot about what I'm doing at work, here's a sneak peak into my life outside of magazines!
First and foremost, I'm still a fitness guru at heart and it's always been on my bucket list to go running in Central Park. I'm always so envious whenever I see people in their jogging pants and sneaks, just trucking around the reservoir like they do any other day. I realized that my time here was quickly running out, so I laced up my sneaks and hit the pavement in the cold 35-degree weather, looking just like any other local.
And let me tell you, the views were worth it.
While I wasn't in NYC for it, I was lucky enough to see the Trans-Siberian Orchestra live. My mom and step-dad bought tickets for my three brothers, sister and I for Christmas, so we were all able to experience some awesome musicianship together. The pyrotechnics they used throughout the show covered the price of the ticket alone.
Once I was back in NYC, my boyfriend, Dustin, came to visit, as did my ASME friends and future roommates, Libby and Victoria to celebrate the new year. We made sure to hit up plenty of restaurants along the way, including my favorite Mexican restaurant, La Esquina. If you're ever in the city, I highly recommend you try it. Insider tip: It's a big place for celebrity spottings, so you have to reserve two to three weeks in advance.
We also made sure to hit up Tom's Restaurant, famous for it's recurring presence in Seinfeld.
I walk by this retro-looking diner every day on my walk home from work as well, so I tested out an Italian meatball sub and french fries at the Metro Diner, too. It was my first time having fries in over six months, but these were delicious!
Dustin and I also ventured around Times Square and took advantage of the M&M factory because he had never been. After we were hopped up on sugar, we played in Toys R Us. I tried to ride the ferris wheel, but you had to pay, plus the line was really long and full of little kids. I settled for a huge lollipop from the Willy Wonka side of the store instead.
And to prove I do super-cool things for my job, I took Dustin to a Harlem Globetrotters game! We were able to go to the VIP party and eat dinner with the players before the game. The Globetrotters worked with us on an article to help make a girl's dream come true — she always wanted to play with the wacky team, so we made her dreams a reality! Check out a spring issue of FITNESS to read all about it.
What fun things have you done over winter break? Are you ready to head back to school?


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CAIRO - Heavy gunfire broke out in Libya's capital Wednesday as forces loyal to Moammar Gadhafi opened fire in the streets a day after the longtime leader vowed to defend his rule and called on supporters to crack down on anti-government protesters.
The fighting in Tripoli came as the opposition reportedly seized control of Misurata, with witnesses saying people were honking their horns and raising pre-Gadhafi flags from the monarchy to celebrate.
Misurata would be the first major city in the west to fall to anti-government forces, which have mainly been concentrated in the east. Faraj al-Misrati, a local doctor, said six residents had been killed and 200 injured since Jan. 18, when protesters attacked offices and buildings affiliated with Gadhafi's regime.
He said residents had formed committees to protect the city, clean the streets and treat the injured.
"The solidarity among the people here is amazing, even the disabled are helping out," he said in a telephone interview.
New videos posted by Libya's opposition on Facebook also showed scores of anti-government protesters raising the flag from the pre-Gadhafi monarchy on a building in Zawiya, on the outskirts of Tripoli. Another showed protesters lining up cement blocks and setting tires ablaze to fortify positions on a square inside the capital.
The footage couldn't be independently confirmed.
Gadhafi defiantly vowed to fight to his "last drop of blood" and roared at supporters to strike back against Libyan protesters to defend his embattled regime Tuesday in a televised speech that served as an all-out call for his backers to impose control over the capital and take back other cities.
After a week of upheaval, protesters backed by defecting army units have claimed control over almost the entire eastern half of Libya's 1,000-mile (1,600-kilometer) Mediterranean coast, including several oil-producing areas.
"You men and women who love Gadhafi ... get out of your homes and fill the streets," Gadhafi said. "Leave your homes and attack them in their lairs."
Celebratory gunfire by Gadhafi supporters rang out in the capital of Tripoli after the leader's speech, while in protester-held Benghazi, Libya's second-largest city, people threw shoes at a screen showing his address, venting their contempt.
A woman who lives near downtown Tripoli said heavy gunfire erupted Wednesday morning as armed Gadhafi backers and mercenaries hired from other countries opened fire on the streets. She said her nephew has been missing since Tuesday.
"He went to join the protests and he didn't come back. The whole family is panicking," she said. "We are under siege."
She said the streets were empty and even injured people couldn't go to the hospital for fear of being shot.
International alarm has risen over the crisis, which sent oil prices soaring to the highest level in more than two years on Tuesday and sparked a scramble by European and other countries to get their citizens out of the North African nation. The U.N. Security Council held an emergency meeting that ended with a statement condemning the crackdown, expressing "grave concern" and calling for an "immediate end to the violence" and steps to address the legitimate demands of the Libyan people.
French President Nicolas Sarkozy also pressed Wednesday for European Union sanctions against Libya's regime because of its violent crackdown on protesters, and raised the possibility of cutting all economic and business ties between the EU and the North African nation.
"The continuing brutal and bloody repression against the Libyan civilian population is revolting," Sarkozy said in a statement. "The international community cannot remain a spectator to these massive violations of human rights."
Italy's Foreign Minister Franco Frattini, meanwhile, said estimates of some 1,000 people killed in the violence in Libya are "credible" although he stressed information about casualties was incomplete.
Libya is the biggest supplier of oil to Italy, which has extensive energy, construction and other business interests in the north African country and decades of strong ties.
Frattini said the Italian government is asking that the "horrible bloodshed" cease immediately despite Gadhafi's vow to fight on and cling to power.