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How wise are crowds?
- Post by: Brian Jones
- November 16, 2010
- Comments off
How wise are crowds?
November 16, 2010 – By melding economics and engineering, researchers show that as social networks get larger, they usually get better at sorting fact from fiction.
The rise of the Internet has sparked a fascination with what The New Yorker's financial writer James Surowiecki called, in a book of the same name, "the wisdom of crowds": the idea that aggregating or averaging the imperfect, distributed knowledge of a large group of people can often yield better information than canvassing expert opinion.
But as Surowiecki himself, and many commentators on his book, have pointed out, circumstances can conspire to undermine the wisdom of crowds. In particular, if a handful of people in a population exert an excessive influence on those around them, a "herding" instinct can kick in, and people will rally around an idea that could turn out to be wrong.
Fortunately, in a paper to be published in the Review of Economic Studies, researchers from MIT's Departments of Economics and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science have demonstrated that, as networks of people grow larger, they'll usually tend to converge on an accurate understanding of information distributed among them, even if individual members of the network can observe only their nearby neighbors. A few opinionated people with large audiences can slow that convergence, but in the long run, they're unlikely to stop it.
In the past, economists trying to model the propagation of information through a population would allow any given member of the population to observe the decisions of all the other members, or of a random sampling of them. That made the models easier to deal with mathematically, but it also made them less representative of the real world. "What this paper does is add the important component that this process is typically happening in a social network where you can't observe what everyone has done, nor can you randomly sample the population to find out what a random sample has done, but rather you see what your particular friends in the network have done," says Jon Kleinberg, Tisch University Professor in the Cornell University Department of Computer Science, who was not involved in the research. "That introduces a much more complex structure to the problem, but arguably one that's representative of what typically happens in real settings."
Earlier models, Kleinberg explains, indicated the danger of what economists call information cascades. "If you have a few crucial ingredients — namely, that people are making decisions in order, that they can observe the past actions of other people but they can't know what those people actually knew — then you have the potential for information cascades to occur, in which large groups of people abandon whatever private information they have and actually, for perfectly rational reasons, follow the crowd," Kleinberg says. The MIT researchers' paper, however, suggests that the danger of information cascades may not be as dire as it previously seemed.
Ilan Lobel, who got his PhD last year from MIT's interdepartmental Operations Research Center and now teaches at New York University, and his three thesis advisors, Daron Acemoglu of economics and Munther A. ("Munzer") Dahleh and Asuman Ozdaglar of the Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems (LIDS), developed a mathematical model that describes attempts by members of a social network to make binary decisions — such as which of two brands of cell phone to buy — on the basis of decisions made by their neighbors. The model assumes that for all members of the population, there is a single right decision: one of the cell phones is intrinsically better than the other. But some members of the network have bad information about which is which.
The MIT researchers analyzed the propagation of information under two different conditions. In one case, there's a cap on how much any one person can know about the state of the world: even if one cell phone is intrinsically better than the other, no one can determine that with 100 percent certainty. In the other case, there's no such cap. There's debate among economists and information theorists about which of these two conditions better reflects reality, and Kleinberg suggests that the answer may vary depending on the type of information propagating through the network. But previous models had suggested that, if there is a cap, information cascades are almost inevitable.
The MIT researchers showed that if there's no cap on certainty, an expanding social network will eventually converge on an accurate representation of the state of the world; that wasn't a big surprise. But they also showed that in many common types of networks, even if there is a cap on certainty, convergence will still occur.
"We are not the first ones to look at this problem, but people in the past have looked at it using more myopic models," says Acemoglu. "They would be averaging type of models: so my opinion is an average of the opinions of my neighbors'." In such a model, Acemoglu says, the views of people who are "oversampled" — who are connected with a large enough number of other people — will end up distorting the conclusions of the group as a whole. "What we're doing is looking at it in a much more game-theoretic manner, where individuals are realizing where the information comes from. So there will be some correction factor," Acemoglu says. "If I'm seeing you, your action, and I'm seeing Munzer's action, and I also know that there is some probability that you might have observed Munzer, then I discount his opinion appropriately, because I know that I don't want to overweight it. And that's the reason why, even though you have these influential agents — it might be that Munzer is everywhere, and everybody observes him — that still doesn't create a herd on his opinion."
All about me
At first blush, the involvement of computer scientists in the project might seem a little odd, but as Dahleh, the acting director of LIDS, explains, "The engineering literature tackled almost the same problem, but the agents were not selfish. The idea is trying to design the network so that the convergence can happen as quickly as possible." For instance, he says, in a network of distributed sensors, the engineering challenge is to make sure that the last sensor in a sequence of data transmissions — the one that's actually going to send results to a human being's laptop — has an accurate picture of what's going on. "I'm not trying to get the right phone for me," Dahleh says. "I just want you to get the right phone."
According to Kleinberg, the new paper leaves a few salient questions unanswered, such as how quickly the network will converge on the correct answer, and what happens when the model of agents' knowledge becomes more complex. But in several forthcoming papers, the MIT researchers begin to address both questions. One paper examines rate of convergence, although Dahleh and Acemoglu note that that its results are "somewhat weaker" than those about the conditions for convergence. Another paper examines cases in which different agents make different decisions given the same information: some people might prefer one type of cell phone, others another. In such cases, "if you know the percentage of people that are of one type, it's enough — at least in certain networks — to guarantee learning," Dahleh says. "I don't need to know, for every individual, whether they're for it or against it; I just need to know that one-third of the people are for it, and two-thirds are against it." For instance, he says, if you notice that a Chinese restaurant in your neighborhood is always half-empty, and a nearby Indian restaurant is always crowded, then information about what percentages of people prefer Chinese or Indian food will tell you which restaurant, if either, is of above-average or below-average quality.


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Previous Lesson
Complete and Continue
Beginner Guitar Essentials
Welcome to the course
Course Introduction (6:03)
Getting Started
Course materials
Holding the acoustic or electric guitar (2:15)
How to hold the pick (1:22)
How to hold the neck (1:14)
Quick tip for acoustic guitar players (lost pick) (0:21)
How to tune your guitar and string names (7:26)
1 Finger Power Chords
How to read chord diagrams and the A power chord (4:51)
The D power chord (1:08)
The E power chord (1:12)
Let's review (0:30)
Quick tip and encouragement (1:16)
Metronome advice (0:25)
Going up by 5's (0:14)
Power chord strumming and practice lessons
Strumming Whole notes explanation and lessons (8:57)
Practice Tip and Encouragement :) (0:09)
Strumming Half Note Explanation and Lessons (8:45)
Strumming Quarter Note Explanation and Lessons (8:45)
Your first song: The 12 Bar Blues w/ 1 finger chords
12 Bar Blues explanation (2:31)
Play Through 12 Bar Blues (0:47)
Practice Tip!!! Watch this first. (0:15)
Quarter Note 12 Bar Blues (3:51)
2 Finger Power Chords and 2 Songs !
Two Finger Power Chords Introduction (3:58)
Quick Tip on 2 Finger Chords (1:09)
Whole Note Lessons (12:38)
2 Finger Power Chords Half Notes Explanation (0:07)
Half note lessons (4:58)
Quarter note strumming (0:47)
With Or Without You using 2 Finger Power Chords
With Or Without You Whole Notes (4:57)
With Or Without You Half Notes (4:20)
With Or Without You Quarter Notes (3:49)
Eighth Note Strumming (1:47)
With Or Without You 8th Note Strumming (6:37)
Three Finger Chords
3 Finger Chords Introduction (8:31)
Quick tips! (0:33)
A Major to D Major- Whole notes- (2:26)
E Major to D Major- Whole notes (2:13)
A Major to E Major- Whole notes (1:44)
A Major - D Major-Half Notes (1:16)
E Major - D Major- Half notes (3:32)
A Major - D Major Quarter notes (1:53)
E Major to D Major Quarter notes (2:01)
12 Bar Blues and Free Fallin
Intro (0:20)
12 Bar Blues quarter note strumming (4:07)
Free Fallin (Coming Soon!!)
8th Note Strumming
8th Notes Introduction (5:32)
8th notes on A D and E Major (2:36)
A-D 8th note strumming (0:55)
E-D 8th note strumming (0:55)
12 Bar Blues with 8th note strumming (3:10)
Four Finger Chords
Intro (4:26)
Take a closer look (1:43)
Intro and whole note strumming (6:29)
New Chord!! E minor! (2:00)
Half note strumming (10:49)
Putting it all together Half notes (5:42)
Putting it all together Quarter notes (5:52)
8th Note Strumming (11:57)
Quarter Note Strumming- Not needed? (6:43)
Putting It All Together 8th Notes (3:55)
Your first full strumming pattern! Syncopated Pattern
Try the pattern on G Major (0:38)
G Major to D Major (4:02)
D Major To E minor (5:04)
E minor to Cadd9 (4:16)
Putting it all together! You did it! (8:09)
Fun Songs to Learn!!!
Wagon Wheel (12:32)
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Here's the official track list of the soundtrack of Crazy Rich Asians, the upcoming comedy movie directed by Jon M. Chu and starring Constance Wu, Michelle Yeoh, Henry Golding, Gemma Chan, Awkwafina, Ken Jeong, Jimmy O. Yang, Chris Pang, Sonoya Mizuno, Jing Lusi, Ronny Chieng, Pierre Png, Fiona Xie, and Kheng Hua Tan:
Plot Synopsis:
The story follows Rachel Chu (Constance Wu), an American-born Chinese economics professor, who travels to her boyfriend Nick's (Henry Golding) hometown of Singapore for his best friend's wedding. Before long, his secret is out: Nick is from a family that is impossibly wealthy, he's perhaps the most eligible bachelor in Asia, and every single woman in his ultra-rarefied social class is incredibly jealous of Rachel and wants to bring her down.
And here's the track list of the film score:
The movie soundtrack and the films core of Crazy Rich Asians were released on August 10, 2018 by WaterTower Music.
Here's the movie trailer: Continue reading »


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Condici Mother of the Bride / Groom Outfits
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Berwick Unlined Tassel Loafer 5139 Gum Oiled Snuff
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Access Denied
IMPORTANT! If you're a store owner, please make sure you have Customer accounts enabled in your Store Admin, as you have customer based locks set up with EasyLockdown app. Enable Customer Accounts
Barrow Black DB2 Speaker
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Aqua Scrunchie- XXL
Why switch to Scrunchies?
Worry about hair breakage while tying or un-tying your hair? Regular hair ties/ accessories are harsh for your hair and breaks a lot of stands.
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It is therefore very rare to create identical items & there may be natural blemishes/variations that are not product flaws.
Note: We do not accept returns on Scrunchies due to hygiene issues.


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To observe what would have been the 149th birthday of Gaetano Bresci, the anarchist who assassinated King Umberto of Italy to impose consequences for the deaths of hundreds of poor people, we have produced what may be the world's first singing zine—or at least, certainly the first anarchist singing zine.
"The revolution will not be brought to you by Xerox," Gil Scott-Heron famously declared. All the same, we have long maintained a passionate faith in the power of zines. Enthusiasm about print media is a part of our anarchist heritage; early anarchists including Proudhon and Kropotkin worked as printers, and some of us cut our teeth in the copying wars of the 1990s. Every once in a while, we express our appreciation for this traditional format by attempting to improve on it.
So it is that our Experimentation Committee has produced a new prototype—a singing zine. This particular zine performs "Alla stazion di monza," one of several traditional Italian songs about Bresci's courageous act of self-sacrifice. "With the guts of the last priest / We will hang the pope and the king," et cetera!
We've only produced a very limited edition of the singing version of the Bresci zine. You might be able to find a copy at the CrimethInc. tables at the Boston Anarchist Book Fair on November 17-18 or at the Howard Zinn book fair in San Francisco on December 2. Otherwise, if you are intent on purchasing one, write us. It could be the perfect holiday gift for the fire-breathing anarchist in your life.
In any case, please visit our well-stocked online zine library to print and distribute your own copies of the zine:


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10 Outrageous Marriage Proposal Videos For Valentine's Day
It happens every year. February 14th rolls around and we're all supposed to be in the mood for love. Well, if you're having a little trouble getting there this year, watching some truly outrageous (and gladly accepted) marriage proposals should pretty much do the trick.
We've scoured YouTube and found ten of the most outlandish, creative, unique and downright incredible marriage proposals it has to offer. But be warned, this will make you feel like proposing or being proposed to. No kidding, this is potent stuff. So, if you're now looking for ideas and inspiration, we've got them.
Use Magic
You shouldn't have to trick a girl into marrying you, but sometimes a little slight of hand doesn't hurt when trying to get the ball rolling.
Giant Signs Always Works
Advertising agencies do it all the time. If you want to get someone's attention, you have to light up a big board in the middle of Times Square. Just be careful that the proposal doesn't sparkle more than the ring.
Use Your Natural Habitat
A proposal is only as good as the building that presents it. She's going to need some tall shoes under her wedding dress, but who are we to judge the love between a building and a woman?
Use Land and Air
What better time to ask your lovely lady to take the plunge than while she's taking a plunge? All you have to do is convince her to jump out of a plane and then figure out how to make giant letters and not misspell anything.
Use Gravity (And Padding)
This has to be one of our favorites. It goes from blah to blaaaaaaarrrrrgggghhh in a flash. Although, we don't recommend giving your beloved a heart attack.
Use Everyone in Your City
Speaking of flashes, how about the biggest flash mob ever on the UCLA campus? That should convince her you mean business.
Use Her Trusting Nature
Your girlfriend already knows you're anal retentive, but generous with an eye for detail. Why not create an elaborate series of events for the proposal so she knows you'll be planning the wedding more than she will?
Use Your Inner Martin Scorsese
Why should Hollywood get to corner the market on romance? Your love story is as good as any Nicholas Sparks adaptation. Even better if your name is Oscar and you can tell her she's won one.
Use Pretty Much Everything
She can't help but say yes if she has absolutely no idea what's going on because of a complete overload. The effects are only temporary, though, so you better trick her into getting married on the spot as well.
Use Your Medication
If all else fails, just scare her into marrying you. She'll definitely say "yes" if she knows you'll set her on fire if she says "no."


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How to protect the network from cyber attacks of the Wi-Fi Routers (new logo)
SPI (Stateful Packet Inspection) Firewall and DoS (Denial of Service) Protection protect the router from cyber attacks.
The SPI Firewall can prevent cyber attacks and validate the traffic that is passing through the router based on the protocol. This function is enabled by default, and it's recommended to keep the default settings.
The DoS Protection can protect your home network against DoS attacks from flooding your network with server requests. Follow the steps below to configure DoS Protection.
1. Log in to the web-based interface of the router. If you don't know how to do that, please refer to
How do I log into the web-based Utility (Management Page) of TP-Link wireless router?
2. Go to Advanced > Security > Settings.
3. Enable DoS Protection.
4. Set the level (Off, Low, Middle or High) of protection for ICMP-FLOOD Attack Filtering, UDP-FlOOD Attack Filtering and TCP-SYN-FLOOD Attack Filtering.
• ICMP-FLOOD Attack Filtering - Enable to prevent the ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) flood attack.
• UDP-FlOOD Attack Filtering - Enable to prevent the UDP (User Datagram Protocol) flood attack.
• TCP-SYN-FLOOD Attack Filtering - Enable to prevent the TCP-SYN (Transmission Control Protocol-Synchronize) flood attack.
The level of protection is based on the number of traffic packets. The protection will be triggered immediately when the number of packets exceeds the preset threshold value (the value can be set on Advanced > System Tools > System Parameters > DoS Protection Level Settings), and the vicious host will be displayed in the Blocked DoS Host List.
5. If you want to ignore the ping packets from the WAN port, select Ignore Ping Packet From WAN Port; if you want to ignore the ping packets form the LAN port, select Ignore Ping Packet From LAN Port.
6. Click Save.
Get to know more details of each function and configuration please go to Download Center to download the manual of your product.
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Global Strategic Sourcing Application Suites Market 2019 by Company, Regions, Type and Application, Forecast to 2024 demonstrates the fast developing conditions of the global Strategic Sourcing Application Suites market. The key insight available in the report delivers comprehensive information about the market. The report offers a precise evaluation of market size, share, demand, revenue, and growth rates. It presents current trends in the global market and projects the revenue and potential developments of key players. The report contains reviews of the final product, and the key factors affecting or hampering the market growth. The market is a great field for top candidates including JAGGAER, SAP Ariba, Scout RFP, Coupa, SAP, GEP, Zycus, IBM, Determine, Scanmarket, Ivalua, SynerTrade, Vortal, Tradeshift, Open Windows, offering huge opportunities for expansion.
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Customization of the Report:
This report can be customized to meet the client's requirements. Please connect with our sales team ([email protected]), who will ensure that you get a report that suits your needs. You can also get in touch with our executives on +1-201-465-4211 to share your research requirements.
John is the senior news reporter at Air News Paper. He handles then the task of replying to comments, replying to the letters, implementing the rules and regulations as per the order of a higher authority.


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I have an Imperial Nut Brown in primary fermentation - today is the 11th day in the primary. After two weeks, assuming I have hit the appropriate FG, I'd like to rack it and add Biofine, then bottle it once the Biofine has done its work (maybe 24-36hrs, based on visual). I used Biofine recently in a batch of mead I made, and it had an amazing effect even within the first few hours. Over a month after bottling there is almost zero visible sediment in the bottles. So I figured it would be great to use this stuff in beer, but I want to make sure it will not drop out all or too much of the yeast since I will be bottle conditioning.Just to clarify (no pun intended!), I'm looking for opinions or experience on using Biofine after fermentation is complete, not to stir up (again, no pun intended) epic battles about how long to wait before racking to secondary or whether secondary fermentation is necessary or beneficial. I'm only planning on racking it in order to get the Biofine mixed in without kicking up the yeast cake, so if the consensus is that the Biofine will drop out too much yeast then I'll just bottle straight out of the primary after the two-week mark, again assuming the correct FG has been reached. I would love to be able to drink a home brew straight from the bottle rather than decanting and leaving that precious bit behind, but maybe I'm just crazy.
My primary concern is the batch in progress right now, so switching to kegging is not an option in the next 3 days. I am just looking for some info as to whether Biofine will drop out too much of the yeast thereby preventing regular carbonation in the bottle.
If I cold crash it, do I still need to add more yeast at bottling time? I appreciate everyone's input and suggestions - thanks!


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Welcome to the Berkshire Hathaway HomeServices real estate network. As an agent representing one of the most dynamic real estate brands in the country, you can expect the utmost professionalism and dedication to all of your real estate needs.
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One of the very first things Ali Berlow tells you is that she's never killed a chicken. "I've never killed a chicken, and I never intend to," she says matter-of-factly.
This may sound surprising coming from the author of The Mobile Poultry Slaughterhouse: Building a Humane Chicken Processing Unit to Strengthen Your Local Food System.
The book may not be the feel-good beach read of summer, but most likely it's not what you'd expect from a title like that either. Beyond the introduction by noted animal activist Temple Grandin and cover blurb from Joel Salatin, the oversized paperback is a string of narrative chapters following one woman's journey to develop a mobile poultry slaughterhouse for her community.
"Once you get past the word evisceration, there's really nothing very gross about it," Ms. Berlow said.
There will be a book signing at SBS on State Road in Vineyard Haven on Tuesday, August 6, from 6 to 8 p.m. and another reading at the Chilmark Library on August 28 at 5 p.m.
"Most things for me flow from the kitchen," Ms. Berlow said. "It's about what I feed my family . . . . My path was trying to get healthy, fresh, real-tasting chicken to serve at my table, not something filled with antibiotics and the fear of being slaughtered."
Ms. Berlow is the founder of Island Grown Initiative and the former editor, now co-publisher, of Edible Vineyard. Though she contends, "I'm just a housewife," she studied in East Africa, and curated at the Museum of Science in Boston and the California State Gem & Mineral Collection. She has also been a pioneer for Martha's Vineyard's slow food movement, and an essayist whose A Cook's Notebook aired on numerous NPR stations, including a weekly stint for several years on WCAI/WNAN in Woods Hole.
But it was conversations with farmers, grocers, chefs and other parents that made her wonder how could they close the circle of food production. The more she talked, the more she was compelled to read, research and seek out people who could tell her about solutions. Laughing, she said, "I'm good on a computer, on the phone talking to people and looking for answers, then putting people together . . . Connecting the dots and drawing new constellations is the only way we're gonna fix this broken food system. That's why I'm so passionate."
With her African scarves, biker boots and occasional piece of Lilly Pulitzer technicolor, Ms. Berlow seems an unlikely person to be on the front line of this issue. Except that "as a mother, that's when I started looking at this . . . and the more I looked, both as sustenance for my children and potential poison . . . the more I dug, and then the more I wanted to know."
Through Scott Lively, then the owner of Dakota Organic Beef, she traveled to watch a Kosher slaughter, considered the most reverent and humane way to harvest animals, and met his consultant Temple Grandin. It was Mr. Lively who provided the initial $10,000 donation for the Mobile Poultry Processing Unit.
Reading "geek agriculture journals," Ms. Berlow learned of Bruce Dunlap, who built these units, and invited him to visit her home. Not long after, a PT Cruiser rolled off the ferry in Vineyard Haven hauling the Mobile Poultry Processing Trailer (MPPT).
In the past, local farmers would raise only around 250 birds for meat due to the cost — and stress on the chickens — of taking the birds off-Island. During the first season of the MPPT that number quickly grew to 3,000.
"Jefferson Munroe told me he wouldn't have a farm if it weren't for [the MPPT], because if there wasn't a way to slaughter the chicken this way, it wouldn't be economically viable," Ms. Berlow said. "The unit fit both his ethical stance and the reality of what it costs to raise the birds."
With an increasing number of people raising "yardbirds" for their own family's consumption, the backyard farm movement is also taking root on the Vineyard. Last year over 10,000 chickens were raised, slaughtered, cooked and enjoyed by people on the Island.
"A farmer said to me, 'Nobody really talks about the mobile slaughterhouse anymore . . . It's here. It's working. It's transparent, even in the regulatory system.' In just a few years, it's become a part of the fabric of who we, the farmers, grocers, chefs and families of the Vineyard, are," Ms. Berlow said. It's also a part of who the Berlow family has become. Twenty-year-old son Max attends Warren Wilson University in Asheville, N.C., as a history major, but works at Mermaid Farm in the summers and "identifies as a farmer," his mother reports. Recent Proctor Academy graduate Eli divides his time between the chicken crew and the Good Farm, and sees himself "more as a farm worker."
Not the obvious path for two young men whose father runs the Font Bureau.
"You have to remember, the MPPT was in our driveway for years, and they grew up playing baseball and soccer around it," said Ms. Berlow. "They had Joel Salatin at the table, watched Mama be stressed over different issues in the book, heard about Temple Grandin . . . . It's given them a thoughtful knowledge of the process and what food means, and
that consideration has led them to action. It's both amazing and thrilling to see how it's taken root."
Over a decade later, it's also grounded Ms. Berlow's writing aspirations. An essayist and cook, she merged her narrative style into a volume designed to empower others and make the inconceivable not just plausible but "do-able."
"Part of this is education for the consumer as much as the people bringing the trailer into their community. Why local chicken costs more, and the way to get the most out of that bird! There are recipes as part of the book to show people how to get the most out of that bird, right down to the best stock you'll ever taste.
"And it's also about how to face the challenges that come with doing this, things most people never consider. It's understanding what the regulators are looking for, and how to speak with them . . . It's about knowing how to deal with the post-slaughter clean-up."
In the process of working on her book, she also came to an even better understanding of how squeamish this topic makes the lay reader. "There was a lot of changing the subject, a lot of 'oh, that's interesting . . .' and side-stepping."
While understanding most people prefer "their chicken on a diaper in the grocery store," Ms. Berlow believes the more we know, the more we will appreciate the food we eat.
Invoking Michael Pollan, author and seasonal resident of the Vineyard, she explained, "As Michael would say, 'You can give a chicken a great life, and it ends in a very horrible day . . . ' The point of the MPPT is to let that bird have a very decent, very respectful last day."
Ms. Berlow is already into the first draft of her next book about empowering people to get involved in their food system. "There are so many great programs around the country addressing very different issues, some in very creative ways."
"Access to better food for more people, that's what my second book, which is due in 2014, is about. Again, it comes down to empowerment, individually, and at the town, city and state levels. The more you know, the greater difference you can make in your community . . . and that's what I'd like my books to provide, the information to put the power of ideas in the reader's hand."


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Your Home Concepts
"Bringing your home concepts to life"
At Your Home Concepts we understand that every customer is different. On every home we strive to give the customer exactly what he or she wants. Every project is given a timeline for completion, which is strictly adhered to by our company. Before any work is done, we have one of our associates come to your home "free of charge" to have a one on one with you on what exactly you want done to your home. After that is concluded, all necessary measurements are taken and a complete estimate is given. Most estimates are given the day of meeting or by the end of the next business day. Please go to the "Contact Us" section to set up a time for us to Come out and visit. Thanks.....
Hail Damage?
"Monthly Special" ** 25% off any window treatment order - 6 windows or more **
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Gladly Serving..Allen, Mckinney, Plano, Richardson, Dallas, North Richland Hills, Frisco, Carrollton, Fairview,Coppell, Grapevine, Prosper, Little Elm, Sasche, Wylie, Murphy, Flower Mound, Southlake, Colleyville, Keller...
Products Offered..Window Treatments, blinds, shades, plantation shutters, Flooring, carpet, slate, tile, berber, laminates, hardwood floors, Painting, interior painting, exterior painting, garage floor epoxy, insulation, solar screens, ridge vent, energy audit, duct sealing.


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S11 am - 10 pmM11 am - 9 pm
T11 am - 9 pm
W11 am - 9 pm
T11 am - 9 pm
F11 am - 9 pm
S11 am - 10 pm
Our hand-tossed pizzas are simply the best. Each bubbly, cheesy pie is made with the 100% real mozzarella cheese and our signature sauce. It's hard to say what makes it so delicious: the dough, the sauce, or is it the fresh toppings? We'll let you decide, if you can.
For over 30 years, Pizza Factory has stayed true to its roots. Hardworking owners and staff, family-friendly dining, and a high-quality product make us who we are. We take pride in the smile that first bite of pizza gives our guests. We strive to make everyone feel as if this is their hometown pizzeria.
Our No Bully Zone Program serves to make a positive impact on the neighborhoods we serve. We believe that, together, we can help stop bullying. You'll find us wearing "No Bully Zone" t-shirts on site and partnering up with local schools. This important cause is just one way that we are proud to be a community-centered business.
Love this place! We have only done delivery, and the guys that deliver are always courteous, and the people that take our order are always sooooo nice!! We like the thicker crust pizza and that's what The Pizza Factory delivers on!


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This page provides a overview of our software development activities. Phenoscape supports open development processes and collaboration. All source code we create is available from open source repositories such as Github and Sourceforge, and we work with existing open-source projects whenever possible.
Phenoscape Knowledgebase
One of the chief objectives of the Phenoscape project is to present a centralized repository to store evolutionary phenotype annotations entered by curators and also integrate relevant data imported from partner projects. The Knowledgebase consists of a back-end semantic data store, web services which provide a query API for the data, a web application user interface allowing exploration of the Knowledgebase, and accessory tools for loading data. To meet requirements for scalability, reasoning expressivity, and support for linked data standards, we are developing a our Knowledgebase infrastructure using the RDF and OWL semantic web standards.
The live KB can be accessed at http://kb.phenoscape.org/. For more information on the Phenoscape Knowledgebase see these wiki pages:
Software components:
- phenoscape-owl-tools—build application for generating the RDF content for the Phenoscape KB, including utilities for converting datasets to OWL and running reasoning tasks. Written in Scala using the OWL API.
- phenoscape-kb-services—updated web services API for the Knowledgebase. Written in Scala using Spray web services.
- phenoscape-kb-ui—Phenoscape KB web user interface. A client-side web application using AngularJS.
- phenoscape-data—document store for semantically annotated character matrix files. This is the evolutionary data content for the Phenoscape KB. NeXML.
- owlet—integration of OWL reasoner queries within SPARQL. It parses embedded OWL class expressions and uses an OWL reasoner to either generate a new query by injecting FILTER statements containing the reasoner results, or instead return the reasoner results in SPARQL results format (for use in SPARQL federated queries). Written in Scala using OWL API and Jena.
- owlery—web service interface for OWL API reasoner queries. In addition to direct DL queries, Owlery provides a SPARQL endpoint powered by Owlet. Written in Scala using Spray web services.
- scowl—a Scala library allowing a declarative approach to composing OWL expressions and axioms using the OWL API. Written in Scala.
Software tools to access and analyze KB data
- RPhenoscape— R package that facilitates interfacing with the Phenoscape Knowledgebase for searching ontology terms, querying data matrices, obtaining dependency matrices, and computing semantic similarity metrics.
- OntoTrace — tool used to query the KB for a synthetic character matrix of asserted and inferred presence/absence characters for anatomical structures. OntoTrace is also accessible by using RPhenoscape to query the web services API.
Data curation tools
- Phenex—ontology annotation software tailored for phenotype annotation of evolutionary character matrices. It saves ontology annotations alongside traditional character matrix data using the NeXML format standard for evolutionary data. Also see the Phenex homepage.
- phenoscape-nlp—Phenoscape version of the CharaParser natural-language processing tool, which analyzes the text of character-state descriptions to produce a structured output used to generate proposals for ontological phenotype annotations. We are working to enhance the performance of CharaParser and also to integrate it with Phenex, so that data curators can take advantage of natural-language processing to accelerate their workflow. Developed and maintained by Hong Cui.
- charaparser-unsupervised—implementation of the CharaParser unsupervised learning algorithm in Java, to be incorporated into the main CharaParser code.
Other active projects
- presence-absence-matrix—tool for querying a local copy of the Phenoscape KB and generating a synthetic presence/absence character matrix using anatomical reasoning.
- kb-sparql-queries—miscellaneous queries for use with the Phenoscape KB SPARQL endpoint. Used for reports and may also aid in navigating the KB RDF datamodel.
- phenoscape.github.com—source for Phenoscape public website
- phenoscape-ontologies—ontologies developed internally for the Phenoscape project. Currently contains only a demonstration ontology for presence/absence reasoning.
- Taxonomy-Ontology-Tool—tool used to assemble the VTO by starting from an initial taxonomy (NCBI) and deleting and splicing in group specific taxonomies (e.g., TTO, ATO).
- phenoday-reasoning-paper—Demonstration code for paper submission to the Bio-ontologies SIG Phenotype Day at ISMB 2014.
Exploratory projects
These are in a state of preliminary development or just for exploration/testing.
- vue2owl—Convert a VUE document to an OWL ontology. Scala.
Repositories no longer being used/maintained
Classic Phenoscape KB
The first edition of the Phenoscape Knowledgebase is still live at http://fish.phenoscape.org/. It makes use of the following software projects:
- OBD - an ontology-driven datastore developed by the Berkeley Bioinformatics Open-source Projects group. It provides a generic schema for storing ontologies and semantic data expressed with those ontologies. It also includes an automated reasoner used to materialize inferred knowledge into the datastore. The master build script for loading the Phenoscape Knowledgebase is included within the OBD source code.
- PhenoscapeOBD-WS - a suite of web services on top of OBD to serve as a data access API and foundation for our user-oriented Phenoscape web application. These web services present a RESTful service interface using the Restlet Java API. The specifications of these services are detailed in Data Services.
- PhenoscapeWeb - a web application providing user-friendly interfaces for browsing and querying data and ontologies within the Knowledgebase, written using Ruby on Rails.
- PhenoscapeDataLoader - a Java library providing translations of various data inputs into the OBD model, used within the OBD build script.
- phenoscape-builder—early Ant-based tool for building the RDF-based KB. Replaced by Scala script within phenoscape-owl-tools.
- skeleton-image-annotation—reference images for the vertebrate skeleton annotated with Uberon terms, using Phenote.
- phenoscape-kb-rdf-data—some obsolete full dumps of the RDF knowledgebase. We are exploring making current data dumps available elsewhere, such as at http://datahub.io.
- Phenotype-Matching-Queries
- synctool-oboedit
- ontophenotype-eol
- TTOTool...


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Jon Pardi
Artist Information
"All I ever wanted to do coming to Nashville was to write rowdy, in-your-face, straight country music," says Jon Pardi, "and that's what this album is."
Pardi's high-energy approach, perfected on stages throughout his native California, has its stamp all over his Capitol Records Nashville debut. Just as importantly, that energy is applied to music rooted in songwriting legend Harlan Howard's adage that country is three chords and the truth.
"If you can take a piece of life and put it in a song," says Pardi, "it's going to be a good song—especially if it's from the heart."
Life and love, truth and energy wind their way all through his debut album, which showcases a young artist who is clearly no ordinary newcomer. Few artists hit stride as quickly and as forcefully as he has, and his fellow artists have been among the first to take note.
"People ask me who I'd like to open up for," he says with a smile, "but I've been lucky enough to have opened for several artists I look up to."
It's a list that includes Alan Jackson, Dwight Yoakam, Dierks Bentley, Gary Allan and Luke Bryan, artists who appreciate the kind of influences Pardi brings to the table—echoes of the crisp Bakersfield sound of Buck Owens and Merle Haggard, hints of the driving beat of Waylon Jennings and the excitement of Jerry Lee Lewis. He brings all of it together and puts his unique stamp on it, topping it off with just a bit of swagger that gives a little edge to his undeniable appeal.
Like his heroes, Pardi is a longtime road warrior, a veteran of four-set shows and constant travel, someone who brings a wealth of experience to bear every time he steps in front of a microphone. He has gone on tour with kindred spirit and labelmate Eric Church, and earned a slot on the Austin City Limits Festival, one of the country world's most prestigious venues. His on-stage charisma and accessibility, his polished yet raucous sound, and his well-crafted and infectious songs earn him new fans wherever he goes.
The territory he covers on the CD—road life and the ups and downs of romance—has been the subject matter of many country classics through the decades, but Pardi, whose gift is a feel for atmosphere and an eye for detail, makes it all fresh and gives the project his indelible stamp.
A natural storyteller, he writes what he knows, spinning tales born of his dues-paying days in the area around his native Dixon, California, and bringing it all together into a strong, cohesive musical statement. Between the heartfelt opener "Fightin' the Fool" and the breakneck rocker "Drinkin' With Me," which closes the CD, he lays out a scenario of youth, music, love and loss that is as compelling as it is raucous. "Chasin' Them Better Days" and "Write You A Song" capture all the adventure and uncertainty of life on the road; "Happens All The Time" brings attraction, flirtation and love's possibilities, good and bad, to the table; from there, "Up All Night" celebrates love, "Missin' You Crazy" showcases the yin-yang pull of relationships and the road, "Love You From Here" is a surprisingly upbeat farewell to a departed love, and "Empty Beer Cans" and "Rainy Night Song" show both sides of the coin when it comes to heartache.
All in all, it's an album by an artist who knows just where his strengths lie—the excitement, experience and songwriting skills that fueled his relatively fast rise to publishing and label deals after his arrival in Nashville are all present. His one-of-a-kind voice brings a positive edge to even the toughest emotional scenarios.
"I really don't have any negative songs," he says. "It always feels good with me so when you come to a show or listen to the record, you're going to have a good time."
It's not hard to see where the earliest seeds of Pardi's approach lie. His musical journey began with a grandmother who loved classic country and had a karaoke machine in the house. Young Jon developed a special fondness for Hank Jr. and the two Georges—Jones and Strait—along with Alabama, Dwight Yoakam and Mark Chesnutt. He was just 7 when he sang "Friends in Low Places" for all he was worth at his dad's 30th birthday party at a local Legion hall.
At an even younger age, he walked out of a children's music class and asked for guitar lessons so he could sing like his heroes. He was writing songs by 12 and playing them in a band at 14. A self-confessed "class clown," he was more interested in writing songs and playing guitar than in either sports or homework. After high school, he and buddy Chase McGrew began playing acoustically in small bars around Dixon and Winters.
"Those were some of the fun times," he says, "and that's when I learned that slow songs don't go over when you're trying to sell beer, so I learned a lot of really up, fast songs that I still like doing today."
The two moved to Chico to go to Butte Junior College, where Pardi started the band Northern Comfort.
"We played together for three years and it was a lot of fun," he says. When they disbanded temporarily, "I went home and started saving money. I'd known I was going to move to Nashville since I was 19," and after visits to Music City where he met a few people, he knew the time was right.
"You need to have a level head to move here," he says, "to be confident enough to say, 'I'm going to do it.' I felt like I was ready and I started out on February 23, 2008, with my mom crying as I drove away."
He took his dog, his PA system and the $7,000 he'd saved, which, he says, "I went through pretty quick." He used a credit card to pay the fee for lifeguard training, using that skill to earn money until he landed a publishing deal, just 18 months after moving. Two of his first collaborations, "Write You a Song" and "Fighting The Fool," were instrumental in landing him his publishing deal, and he took full advantage of the opportunity to write for money.
"I did a lot of co-writing," he says. "There were a lot of headache mornings but I still showed up, and a lot of good songs came on days like that."
As demos he wrote and sang started making the rounds on Music Row, label execs, including those at Capitol, began asking, "Who is this Jon Pardi?"
"We started doing showcases," he says, "and about the third one we did with the full band, [Capitol Records Nashville President] Mike Dungan gave me a handshake afterward and said, 'Let's do it.'"
As they talked about potential producers, Pardi suggested that he and his friend and collaborator Bart Butler, who had done the demos that had brought him this far, do the album.
"They said all right," he says, "and we cut four songs and they loved them. Then we went back in and finished it up."
The key from his perspective, he says, is "knowing what you want. I had what I wanted to sound like in my head. It's what made doing the demos and then the record so much fun. You take a piece of this influence and a bit of that and make it your own. So much happens in the studio if you've got your lyric and song melody down."
Given the quality of his heroes, the strength of his talent and the depth of his experience, the album became just the right showcase. From there, he says, "it's about surrounding yourself with great people. If you show Nashville you've got talent and if you do it right, they'll help you make that talent even better and help you get it out there."
Life perspective gives his success a special sweetness.
"I know I'm lucky to be doing what I'm doing," he says. "I could be back working construction or installing air conditioners in an attic that's at 115 degrees. There are a lot of people who work awfully hard to make a dollar. I'm glad the hard work I'm doing now goes into something I love this much. It makes me really happy to be here doing music."
As he begins making his mark on a national level, that's a feeling being shared by more and more new Jon Pardi fans.
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A full trailer for Len Wiseman's Total Recall is up, and while there's the ever-present fear (these days) that the trailer is showing too many of the awesome bits, I love the shit out of it. I think I'll be avoiding anything else about this movie so that I can actually it when I see it in theaters. Checkitout:
Now, I was on board with this flick from the teaser trailer, but how about you fence-sitters (or nay-sayers)? Has this won any of you over?
Total Recall stars Colin Farrell, Kate Beckinsale, Bryan Cranston, Jessica Biel, Bill Nighy, and John Cho. It opens August 3rd.


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In a recent House of Lords debate the APPG Islamophobia definition which was previously rejected by the government was again discussed. Our Director Lord Singh, responded:
'My Lords, emotive definitions such as Islamophobia are simply constraints on freedom of speech. A phobia is a fear, and the best way to combat irrational fear or prejudice suffered by all religions and beliefs is through healthy, open discussion. Will the Minister endorse the commitment given last week by Heather Wheeler, Under-Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, to protect all religions and beliefs without fear or favour?'[i]
The Network of Sikh Organisations (NSO) is committed to parity in all areas of policy for all faiths and communities. In a recent debate on anti-Semitism Lord Singh made this very point when he said:
'My Lords, anti-Semitism is evil and should be combated in every possible way, but will the Minister make it clear that the Government are equally committed to tackling hate crimes against all communities, even those of non-Abrahamic faiths?'[ii]
Despite the pleas for a level playing field, when it comes to resources and policy around hate crime, we've consistently stressed in evidence[iii][iv]to the government our concern about the marginalisation of non-Abrahamic faiths. Sikhs have suffered significantly since 9/11 due to the negative reverberations of Islamism, yet we remain an afterthought and are subsumed within the broader 'Islamophobia' debate. We've previously referred to the government's failure in addressing this in both Action Against Hate (2016) and Action Against Hate 'refresh' (2018) – the government's four-year hate crime action plan.
Current legislation is enough to protect all faiths from crimes motivated by hatred. We believe the Equalities Act 2010 provides equal protection under law for all racial and religious groups, and those pushing for special definitions like 'Islamophobia' an amorphous term – aim to push the boundaries of 'hate' to beyond anti-Muslim prejudice, to any discussion of inconvenient aspects of religion and doctrine – which we must all be free to discuss without fear of prosecution or arrest. The same applies to use of the word 'anti-Semitism' when it is used to deliberately shut down legitimate discussion about Israel.
Remarkably, we were the only Sikh organisation who realised that under proposals put forward by the APPG, merely discussing aspects of Sikh history (like the martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur) could be deemed 'Islamophobic' equated to 'racism', and quite possibly criminalised.[v] This in turn would cause immediate problems for our gurdwaras who have pictures of shaheeds or martyrs hanging on their walls. Prominent historians like Tom Holland understood the consequences,[vi] meanwhile some prominent Sikhs ignorantly supported the definition.[vii]
Our Director and Deputy-Director were signatories to an open letter to the then home secretary opposing the APPG definition last year.[viii] However, despite the government rightly rejecting it, it has since been adopted by many councils across the country, with more looking to do so this year. Like others, we remain concerned that this definition could serve as a backdoor blasphemy law, and maintain that 'anti-Muslim', like 'anti-Sikh' or 'anti-Hindu' hate is much clearer language, and something already protected under existing legislation.
[i] https://hansard.parliament.uk/Lords/2020-02-13/debates/D2C6CF82-DDBD-4AB5-949D-C1205E3AF0A4/Islamophobia#contribution-E1E080CF-4115-4F78-A7DB-DB2C4C2B4715
[ii] https://hansard.parliament.uk/Lords/2020-02-11/debates/B70471E8-75CF-414D-805A-A6A1DD1A9081/HateCrimeAnti-Semitism#contribution-E106490B-FC08-4D47-B595-3A2BE62A5909
[iii] http://data.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/committeeevidence.svc/evidencedocument/home-affairs-committee/hate-crime-and-its-violent-consequences/written/77518.html
[iv] http://data.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/committeeevidence.svc/evidencedocument/home-affairs-committee/hate-crime-and-its-violent-consequences/written/45945.html
[v] 'claims of Muslims spreading Islam by the sword or subjugating minority groups under their rule' would be deemed 'Islamophobic' by Islamophobia Defined.
[vi] https://twitter.com/holland_tom/status/1128756384537956352?lang=en
[vii] https://www.islamophobia-definition.com/
[viii] http://www.civitas.org.uk/content/files/islamophobiaopenletter.pdf


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Bitcoin uses to cryptographic primitives: hashes and public key encryption. I case you don't know what these are: A hash is a function that reads in a string (or file or number, those are technically all the same) and produces some sort of checksum. The important properties are that everybody can do this computation (with some small amount of effort) and produce the same checksum. On the other hand, it is "random" in the sense that you cannot work backwards, i.e. if you only know the checksum you effectively have no idea about the original string. It is computationally hard to find a string for a given checksum (more or less the best you can do is guess random strings, compute their checksums until you succeed). A related hard problem is to find such a string with prescribed first $N$ characters.
This can be used as a proof of effort: You can pose the problem to find a string (possibly with prescribed first characters) such that the first $M$ digits of the checksum have a prescribed value. In binary notation you could for example you could ask for $M$ zeros. Then on the average you have to make $2^M$ guesses for the string until you succeed. Presenting such a string then proves you have invested an effort of $O(2^M)$. The nice thing is that this effort is additive: You can start your string with the characters "The message '....' has checksum 000000xxxxxxxxxxx" and continue it such that the checksum of the total string starts with many zeros. That proves that in addition to the zeros your new string has, somebody has already spent some work on the string I wrote as dots. Common hash functions are SHA-1 (and older and not as reliable: MD5).
The second cryptographic primitive is public key encryption. Here you have two keys $A$, the public key which you tell everybody about and $B$ your secret key (you tell nobody about). These have the properties that you can use one of the keys to "encrypt" a string and then the other key can be used to recover the original string. In particular, you need to know the private key to produce a message that can be decrypted with the public key. This is called a "signature": You have a message $M$ and encrypt it using $B$. Let us call the result $B(M)$. Then you can show $A$ and $M$ and $B(M)$ to somebody to prove that you are in possession of $B$ without revealing $B$ since that person can verify that $B(M)$ can be decrypted using $A$. Here, an example is the RSA algorithm.
Now to Bitcoin. Let's go through the list of features that you want your money to have. The first is that you want to be able to prove that your coins belong to you. This is done by making coins files that contain the public key $A$ of their owner. Then, as explained in the previous paragraph you can prove that you are the legitimate owner of the private key belonging to that coin and thus you are its owner. Note that you can have as many public-private key pairs as you like possibly one for every coin. It is just there to equate knowing of a secret (key) to owning the coin.
Second you want to be able to transfer ownership of the coin. Let us assume that the recipient has the public key $A'$. Then you transfer the coin (which already contains your public key $A$) by appending the string "This coin is transfered to the owner of the secrete key to the public key $A'$". Then you sign the whole thing with your private key $B$. The recipient can now prove that the coin was transferred to him as the coin contains both your public key (from before) and your statement of the transfer (which only you, knowing $B$ can have authorized. This can be checked by everybody by checking the signature). So the recipient can prove you owned the coin and agreed to transfer it to him.
The last property is that once you transfered the coin to somebody else you cannot give it to a third person as you do not own it anymore. Or put differently: If you try to transfer a coin a second time that should not work and the recipient should not accept it or at least it should be illegitimate.
But what happens if two people claim they own the same coin, how can we resolve this conflict? This is done via a public time-line that is kept collaboratively between all participants. Once you receive a coin you want to be able to prove later that you already owned it at a specific time (in particular at the time when somebody else claims he received it).
This is done as follows: You compute the hash function of the transfer (or the coin after transfer, see a,bove including the signature of the previous owner of the coin that he has given it to you) and add it to the time line. This means you take the hash value of the time line so far, at the hash of the transfer and compute new hash. This whole package you then send to your network peers and ask them to also include your transfer in their version of the time line.
So the time line is a record of all the transfers that have happened in the past and each participant in the network keeps his own copy of it.
There could still be a conflict when two incompatible time lines are around. Which is the correct one that should be trusted? One could have a majority vote amongst the participants but (as everybody knows from internet discussions) nothing is easier than to come up with a large number of sock puppets that swing any poll. Here comes the proof of work that I mentioned above in relation to hash functions: There is a field in the time line that can be filled with anything in the attempt to construct something that has a hash with as many zeros as possible. Remember, producing $N$ leading zeros amounts to $O(2^N)$ work. Having a time line with many zeros demonstrates that were willing to put a lot of effort into this time line. But as explained above, this proof of effort is additive and all the participants in the network continuously try to add zeros to their time line hashes. But if they share and combine their time lines often enough such that they stay coherent they are (due to additivity) all working on fining zeros on the same time line. So rather than everybody working for themselves everybody works together as long as their time lines stay coherent. And going back through a time line it is easy to see how much zero finding work has been but in. Thus in the case of conflicting time lines one simply takes that that contains more zero finding work. If you wanted to establish an alternative time line (possibly one where at some point in time you did not transfer a coin but rather kept it to yourself so you could give it to somebody else later) to establish it you would have to outperform all other computers in the network that are all busy working on computing zeros for the other, correct, time line.
Of course, if you want to receive a bitcoin you should make sure that in the generally accepted time line that same coin has not already been given to somebody else. This is why the transfers take some time: You want to wait for a bit that the information that the coin has been transferred to you has been significantly spread on the network and included in the collective time line that it cannot be reversed anymore.
There are some finer points like how subdividing coins (currently worth about 13 dollars) is done and how new coins can be created (again with a lot CPU work) but I think they are not as essential in case you want to understand the technical basis of bitcoin before you but real money in.
BTW, if you liked this exposition (or some other here) feel free to transfer me some bitcoins (or fractions of it). My receiving address is


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A trio of blue and green hues make for a fun and funky cool winter color combo. It's brought to you by our happy Hand Stamped Sentiments blog. Check out how the rest of the Design Team have worked this color challenge by jumping over to our website.
I thought it would be fun to use a few new goodies I received the other day. On the top of wish list of new goodies was the Celebrations Duo TIEF Set and the coordinating Happy Celebrations Stamp Set. When these two products were demoed at Onstage I was TOTALLY wowed by them.
First I embossed the "celebrate" and then I stamped over the debossed word with one of the images from the Happy Celebrations Stamp Set. Right after stamping I painted the images with plain water to blend it out a bit and make it appear like I had done some watercoloring.
The extra embellishments include Metallic Shapes and 3/8" Metallic Ribbon. It's new ribbon that will be offered during Sale-a-Bration.


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Sweeten their day with this romantic gift of roses and carnations in our sparkling mercury glass vase. Your lucky someone will adore the flowers now, cherish the vase for years, and love you forever!
Includes light pink spray roses, light pink carnations, miniature red carnations and white statice, accented with fresh greenery.


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The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of India under the wise guidance of Prime Minister Narendra Modi for the April-June quarter of the current financial year grew at 13.5 percent. Agricultural, Forestry & Fishing sector growth in the first quarter of fiscal 2022-23 was 4.5 percent according to provisional estimates by the Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation. There was a 4.8% growth in the manufacturing sector, and a 16.8% growth in the construction sector.
Trade, Hotels, Transport, Communication & Broadcasting logged growth of 25.7% in the current fiscal year. According to estimates, the real GDP in Q1 of 2022-23 will reach a level of 36 lakh and 85 thousand crore rupees as against 32 lakh and 46 thousand crore rupees in Q1 of last fiscal at 2011-12 prices in Q1 of current fiscal. In the first quarter of the 2021-22 fiscal year, the country's GDP grew by a rate of 21,1 percent, which is the highest in the past decade.


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Health Tips For Your Baby
There are always concerns about a baby's health. Many parents overreact to the smallest problem, but you really can't be too careful when it comes to your baby's health. Recognizing the symptoms to the most common diseases is very important to early diagnosis and treatment. Rubella or German Measles: It's sometimes referred to as the 3-day measles as well. It affects the skin and lymph nodes. It's not the same virus that cause measles. It can pass through a pregnant woman's bloodstream to infect her unborn baby. (more…)


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Sports cars in general, are mostly about style and performance. This is why these types of cars lure so many drivers in the market. Sports cars are head turners and usually look best in the color red.
Sports cars have power placed to its pavement across its rear wheels or on all of the four wheels. The cars are principally constructed for the driver, although there are a few have rear seats.
The lure of sports cars demonstrate, as surveys show, that nearly sixty percent of young car drivers between the ages of seventeen and twenty, select a car based on appearance with little consideration on its affordability. Only seven percent base their selection on the cost of insurance cost and/or running condition and thirty percent base their selection solely on appearance.
While views greatly vary with regards to the sports car precise definition, the majority of sports cars come with two doors, two seats and are designed for tremendous acceleration, high speed, and of course, attractiveness.
Their attractive looks are that lure car drivers and enthusiasts, second only to the performance, surveys said.
Sports cars do not have much room capacity or may not be reasonable or economical. Passenger space and fuel cost-effectiveness are not generally the main considerations of an individual who is in the showroom ready to purchase an image-boosting vehicle.
The lure of a sports car is really all about impact and style; most say that sports cars are vehicles that after parking it and when walking away, there is that compelling force that makes one turn back for another look at that handsome car.
While many sports cars fans were lured by its appearance, there are others attracted to its performance. When a sports car entails superior road handling, performance and implementation compared to the standard passenger vehicle the sports cars have a more firm and tight- tuned suspension and efficient "steering system,? improved aerodynamics, a transmission that is "out to perform? high-execution tires and a superior weight to power ratio.
These are the reasons why the sports car simply is a fun vehicle to drive and why it lures so many drivers. A fabulous car such as a Range Rover or a Lexus may also be satisfying, a true sports car will give its driver immeasurable feeling of contentment that will place a lasting and satisfied smile on any drivers face.


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