text:
Welcome to Best Plumbing & Remodeling, Inc.
It's not just a name…it's how we do business When you're talking about plumbing companies, one name is sure to come up in conversation: Best Plumbing & Remodeling, Inc. That's because we are recognized as a company that has an unwavering commitment to providing quality workmanship, reliability, adherence to scheduling and attentive service. We take great pride in doing the job right the first time. From the large commercial job to the small residential plumbing repair, we dedicate ourselves to ensuring that we have a satisfied customer. |
And just what separates us from the others? Best Plumbing & Remodeling, Inc. is incorporated in the state of Florida and has been fortunate enough to have assembled some of the finest plumbers, craftsmen and management staff that Central Florida has to offer. Its principals have a combined experience of over 60 years in the plumbing and remodeling industry. It is this broad experience that allows us to offer our expertise in all areas of standard and high tech plumbing work, including: |
We are proud to service Altamonte Springs, Apopka, Bella Collina, Belle Isle, Casselberry, Celebration, Chuluota, Clermont, College Park, Conway, Davenport, Debary, Deland, Deltona, Disney area, Doctor Phillips, Edgewood, Eustis, Fern Park, Geneva, Heathrow, Kissimmee, Lake Buena Vista, Lake County, Lake Helen, Lake Mary, Longwood, Maitland, Mount Dora, Ocoee, Orange County, Orlando International Airport, Sanford Airport, Osceola County, Oviedo, Pine Castle, Poinciana, Polk County, Reunion, Saint Cloud, Sanford, Seminole County, Universal Studios, Walt Disney World, Windemere, Winter Garden, Winter Park, and Winter Springs.


text: Learn to spot phishing scams Suspicious message? Don't take the bait. Share: Email Text message Facebook LinkedIn X Phishing attacks are phony communications designed to trick a person into giving a scammer sensitive or financial information, such as account usernames, passwords, credit card information and Social Security numbers. Phishing attacks may appear to be from a legitimate business or trusted individual and can come in many forms – email, text message or phone call – so it's imperative to understand the red flags associated with these malicious attempts. Remember: If a message – whether it be email, text or phone – appears suspicious in anyway, don't engage. Here's how to better protect your account from these different types of phishing scams: Email phishing Text message phishing Voice call phishing Email phishing Email phishing refers to fraudulent emails that typically appear to come from trusted individuals or legitimate businesses such as financial institutions, insurance companies or retailers and often include seemingly authentic logos, look-alike email sender domains, as well as links or graphics that look genuine. Fraudsters engaging in email phishing may attempt to deceive you into downloading an attachment or clicking on a link within the message that will download malware onto your computer to illicitly obtain personal and financial information. These links may also redirect to legitimate portals, such as Microsoft Office, where they will ask you to enter your account credentials. How to spot an email phishing scam: Sense of urgency. Phony phishing messages try to 'bait' you with an urgent situation requiring you to take immediate action. Watch for clickable links to 'update' or 'validate' personal information. Additionally, be cautious of any emails that appear to use current news events (like a natural disaster or geopolitical tumult) to solicit donations. Spelling or grammatical errors. It's rare for a well-known company to have spelling and grammatical errors. Suspicious links. Be wary of links in emails. It's always safest to go directly to the company website and log in to your account. Email from Online Bank that uses a look-alike domain. Notice the urgent message, grammar and spelling mistakes, and suspicious link. What to do if you suspect an email is a phishing scam Do not click on any attachments or links in the email, or take any action requested within the message. If the email is sent to a work account, follow their protocol for reporting phishing attempts. If the email is sent to a personal account, delete it and follow up with the purported sender directly. For example, if the sender appears to be a company, visit the company's website directly to check on your account activity. Log in to accounts using 2-Step Verification when possible. How to report email fraud or phishing to Ameriprise If you suspect you've received a fraudulent email from someone posing as Ameriprise, please: Forward it to us immediately at: email@example.com. Do not remove the original subject line or change the email in any way when forwarding. Watch for an auto-generated reply to let you know we've received your email. If we confirm the email is fraudulent, we will take appropriate action immediately. If you provided your account information to a request you suspect may have been fraudulent, call us immediately at 800.862.7919. Text message phishing Text message phishing – also known as "smishing" – refers to fraudulent messages sent via text or through other mobile-friendly communication platforms, such as Instagram direct messages, WhatsApp or your LinkedIn mailbox. Like email phishing, scammers conducting text phishing attacks aim to steal their victims' personal and financial information. How to spot text message phishing: Fake email address. Most companies use a short code to send text alerts, not an email address. Emails may be from a look-alike domain and not a legitimate firm or company. Suspicious links. The URL should include the company name and website domain (ameriprise.com, for example). Always be cautious of shortened URLs from services (bit.ly or tinyurl.com, for example). Urgent or threatening message. Messages are written to try to 'bait' you with an urgent situation that requires you to take immediate action. If the text contains a threatening message, it's probably a scam. Text message from Online Bank that uses a look-alike domain. Notice the suspicious link and urgent message. What to do if you suspect a text phishing scam Be wary of links sent through text messages. If the text message seems suspicious, do not respond. Visit company websites directly to check on your account activity. Voice call phishing Voice call phishing (also known as "vishing") is when a fraudster attempts to deceptively extract an individual's personal or financial information through a phone call. How to spot a voice call phishing scam: Personal information requests. Ameriprise Financial, government agencies, and other bank and financial companies will not call you unexpectedly and ask you to provide personal information like passwords, account numbers, or Social Security numbers. Remote access requests. Never give anyone remote access to your computer unless you have contacted them. Be wary of popups on your computer screen asking you to download software. Tech support from legitimate companies will not engage you this way. 'Local' phone numbers. Phone numbers can be spoofed. Be cautious of unfamiliar phone numbers even if they appear to be local. Sense of urgency. Like in the case of email or text phishing, vishing messages try to 'bait' you with an urgent situation requiring you to take immediate action. Phone call exchange between an individual and tech support scammer. Notice the scammer prompts the individual to click on a suspicious link, insert their password, and provide their credit card number. What to do if you suspect a phone call is a phishing scam Don't answer. Let calls from unfamiliar numbers go to voicemail. Block phone numbers on your mobile phone that call repeatedly for a fake business reason. Be wary of links sent to you from the caller even if they seem like they are from a well-known company. Clicking links may allow the scammer to install spyware to your computer or device. How to report fraud If you suspect you've been a victim of one of these types of phishing scams, or have noticed unusual or unauthorized activity on your account, call us immediately and contact your Ameriprise financial advisor. Call 800.862.7919 and request to speak to a representative. Monday to Friday: 7 a.m. – 9 p.m. CT Saturday to Sunday: 7 a.m. – 7 p.m. CT We're committed to protecting your information At Ameriprise Financial, we're committed to protecting your online security. Our efforts are backed by our Online Security Guarantee, which covers 100% of the value of losses in your Ameriprise® account(s) due to unauthorized online activity, if we conclude that losses were incurred from your account through no fault of your own. For more information about the steps you can take to help protect your account and personal information from the kinds of phishing scams listed above, review How you can protect yourself in the Ameriprise Financial Privacy, Security & Fraud Center. Financial goals and priorities Debunking common annuity myths Read more Tax-gain harvesting, explained Read more How to plan for the costs of big trip Read more View more insights

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Welcome to our website. This is the site of Maroto operated by Maroto which means Maroto and its subsidiaries. Use of this website is subject to the terms and conditions set out below and by using the website you show your agreement to such terms.
Maroto reserves the right to change these terms and conditions at any time by posting changes on the website. It is your responsibility to review the website terms and conditions regularly to ensure you are aware of the latest terms and conditions. Your use of the website after a change has been posted will be deemed to signify your acceptance of the modified terms and conditions.
Website User Conduct
Users of this web site are prohibited from:
Disrupting or interfering with the security of the site or otherwise abusing any service provided on the site or linked websites.
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The website may contain links to other sites. Although utmost care is exercised in providing links to sites that share our high standards, Maroto shall not be responsible for the content, security, availability and privacy practices used by such linked sites. The linked pages are provided for the convenience of our website users only and do not constitute an approval of their services or practices. Links from other websites to our home page do not require prior permission from us but deep linking into any other page of our site should not be affected without prior permission from us.
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Users of Maroto website agree to indemnify, defend and hold the website operators, officers, directors, employees, agents and business partners harmless from any loss, liability, claim, demand, damage or expense asserted by any third party relating to a visitor's use of this website or breach of these terms of use.
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The operators of Maroto website will not be liable to users or any third party for any damages however caused, whether direct, indirect, incidental or consequential relating to or arising out of a visitor's use or misuse of this website.
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The Data Protection Act Policy of Maroto is incorporated by this reference into this website terms of use and describes the information collected when you visit this site and how such information is used.
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Users of our web site can visit the site without revealing their identity or providing information about themselves. We collect information directly from users when they voluntarily submit their personal information to us. At certain parts of our website, we may provide the opportunity for users to register to join a mailing list or request information. When this sort of information is collected Maroto will provide the reason for collecting the information and how the information will be used. We reserve the right to add to this list of opportunities available to our users to interact with us. It is completely up to users to provide us with their personal information.
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Generally, visitors are informed of the use of their personal information at the time of collection. Normally, personal information provided or collected is used to respond to inquiries or to process requests. We may share visitors' personal information with other companies that we have hired to provide services to us. Such companies are contractually bound to adhere to our Data Protection Act Policy and to use such personal information strictly for the performance of the particular services only.
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Maroto maintains strict physical, electronic and administrative safeguards to protect user's personal information from unauthorised or inappropriate access. Employees, business partners and affiliates who misuse a user's personal information are subject to legal or disciplinary actions.
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Users of our website may review and update any personal information that is provided to us or collected through this web site and actually stored by us on written request to Maroto.
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text:
June 21-28, 2015
Beloved Ones,
Each of you is coming closer to a stronger connection with your divine essence and this will help you feel more stable than has been evident in the past several months. This process is opening new doors of perception which will help you to move forward once again. There is ever the ebb and flow in the energetic waves that move through your personal and planetary cycles. As you become aware of these and how they affect you, you align with their influences and act accordingly. As you do this, life becomes more harmonious and pleasant. The people around you are more responsive to you and show you their appreciation and love. When you are in tune with your personal energy cycles, life becomes an ever expanding adventure of new experience. This new state of being requires its recipient to be willing to go beyond their established comfort zones and take the steps necessary into new directions.
It takes courage and bravery to move past one's former patterns of limitation and to begin taking action to forge a new path as one leaves behind all that one experienced in their lives, to make a start in the new beginning that beckons them forward. Allow the self doubt and indecision to dissipate as to the right path you must follow; it will unfold in its own divine timing. It is difficult, we know, to focus on just one thing, as your senses are assailed by creative thoughts and ideas. Spend time in the outdoors, sitting quietly and experiencing the sights and sounds that array your senses. This helps to ground your energies and keep you aligned to your divine essence. The next step will be made clear to you through this activity of keeping things simple. Know that there are many loving, supportive, and nurturing energy beings constantly surrounding you. All is in the process of the unfolding story of your personal and collective lives.
We find that many of you are now experiencing the return of the energetic flow through your human operating system. For many of you, this was a missing ingredient that felt like a disconnection from source energy. This process was necessary in order to give you the time needed to absorb, assimilate and integrate the new downloads of information and activations that are being sent on waves of love. This process is ongoing, sometimes it comes as great energy flow and at other times, as a time of rest. Life is a continuous cycle with valleys and peaks and there is always motion, even when you don't feel it. Follow the signs your physical body gives you, for these are important to listen to for your continued health and well being on all levels of interplay.
You are going through a rebirth and your body, mind and spirit are being brought into alignment and connection so that you can manifest a greater reality than you have previously known. You are in a process of regeneration and transformation that offers you an opportunity to express yourselves in new ways. Seize these moments as they manifest in your lives for they bring to the surface new treasures from your soul. It is always up to you to choose how you grow, move forward and expand in your conscious awareness and evolvement; there is no one else who can do it for you. When you commit to taking a new direction, what you need to manifest it will be drawn to you.
Experience the joy and fulfillment that comes with creation and expect the unexpected – for your life can take a new turn miraculously. In your new beginning, you are reaching a new level of understanding which is helping you to reach new dimensions within. By following your inner wisdom and listening to your inner guidance, you will achieve success in all of your endeavours. All that is required is your active involvement and that is the key that unlocks your great potential.
Until next week…
I AM Hilarion
©2009-2015 Marlene Swetlishoff/Tsu-tana (Soo-tam-ah) Keeper of the Symphonies of Grace
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text:
Elin Nordgren's New Boyfriend, Jamie Dingman, Once Dated One of Tiger Woods' Mistresses
Given the sheer number of women Tiger Woods allegedly bedded during his marriage to Elin Nordgren, it shouldn't come as a total shock that Nordgren's new boyfriend, Jamie Dingman, used to date one of Tiger's mistresses.
TMZ is reporting that before Dingman linked up with Nordgren he dated Rachel Uchitel, who was the first woman linked to Woods during the golfer's rapidly-escalating infidelity scandal of late 2009.
In fact, the website reports that Uchitel was dating Woods and Dingman at the same time.
Dingman is the son of a billionaire tycoon, and Nordgren may have recieved as much as $750 million from her divorce from Woods.


text:
February 5, 2018
Applicable Terms. Thanks for using Google Play. Google Play is a service provided by Google LLC ("Google", "we" or "us"), located at 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, California 94043, USA. Your use of Google Play and the apps (including Android Instant Apps), games, music, movies, books, magazines, or other digital content or services (referred to as "Content") available through it is subject to these Google Play Terms of Service and the Google Terms of Service ("Google ToS") ( together referred to as the "Terms"). Google Play is a "Service" as described in the Google ToS. If there is any conflict between the Google Play Terms of Service and the Google ToS, the Google Play Terms of Service shall prevail.
Access to and Use of Content. You may use Google Play to browse, locate, view, stream, or download Content for your mobile, computer, tv, watch, or other supported device ("Device"). To use Google Play, you will need a Device that meets the system and compatibility requirements for the relevant Content, working Internet access, and compatible software. The availability of Content and features will vary between countries and not all Content or features may be available in your country. Some Content may be available to share with family members. Content may be offered by Google or made available by third-parties not affiliated with Google. Google is not responsible for and does not endorse any Content made available through Google Play that originates from a source other than Google.
Age Restrictions. In order to use Google Play, you must have a valid Google account ("Google Account"), subject to the following age restrictions. If you are considered a minor in your country, you must have your parent or legal guardian's permission to use Google Play and to accept the Terms. You must comply with any additional age restrictions that might apply for the use of specific Content or features on Google Play. Family managers and family members must meet these additional requirements as well.
Third-Party Fees. You are responsible for any access or data fees incurred from third parties (such as your Internet provider or mobile carrier) in connection with your use and viewing of Content and Google Play.
Updates. Google Play, related support libraries, or Content may need to be updated, for example, for bug fixes, enhanced functions, missing plug-ins and new versions (collectively, "Updates"). Such Updates may be necessary in order for you to use Google Play or to access, download, or use Content. By agreeing to these Terms and using Google Play, you agree to receive such Updates automatically. You may be able to manage Updates to certain Content via Settings in Google Play. If it is determined, however, that the Update will fix a critical security vulnerability related to the Content, the Update may be completed irrespective of your Update settings in Google Play or your Device. If another app store attempts to update Content that was initially downloaded from Google Play, you may receive a warning or such updates may be prevented entirely.
Information about You. Google's privacy policies explain how we treat your personal data and protect your privacy when using Google Play. Google may need to provide your personal information, such as your name and email address, to Providers for the purposes of processing your transactions or provisioning Content to you. Providers agree to use this information in accordance with their privacy policies.
If you are part of a family group on Google Play, your family members in the family group will be able to see certain information about you. If you are the family manager of a family group on Google Play, family members you invite to join the family group will see your name, photo, and e-mail address. If you join a family group as a family member, other family members will be able to see your name, photo, and e-mail address. Your family manager may also see your age and will see a record of all purchases you make using the designated family payment method, including a description of the Content purchased. If Content is available for family sharing and you share it with your family group, then all family members will be able to access the Content and see that you purchased it.
Unauthorized Access to Accounts. You must keep your account details secure and must not share them with anyone else. You must not collect or harvest any personal data of any user of Google Play or of any user of other Google Services via Google Play, including account names.
Disabled Accounts. If Google disables access to your account in accordance with the Terms (for example if you violate the Terms), you may be prevented from accessing Google Play, your account details or any files or other Content that is stored with your account. See the Help Center for more information. If you are the family manager of a family on Google Play and Google disables access to your account, your family members may lose access to family features requiring a family group, such as a family payment method, family subscriptions, or Content shared by family members. If you are a family member of a family on Google Play and Google disables your account, your family members will lose access to Content you have shared with them.
Malware protection. To protect you against malicious third party software, URLs, and other security issues, Google may receive information about your Device's network connections, potentially harmful URLs, the operating system, and apps installed on your Device through Google Play or from other sources. Google may warn you if it considers an app or URL to be unsafe, or Google may remove or block its installation on your Device if it is known to be harmful to devices, data or users. You can choose to disable some of these protections in the settings on your Device, however, Google may continue to receive information about apps installed through Google Play, and apps installed on your Device from other sources may continue to be analyzed for security issues without sending information to Google.
Android Instant Apps. When you click on a link on your Device, Google Play may check if an applicable instant app exists and, if so, open the link within the instant app. Any code needed to run the portions of the instant app you access will be downloaded to your Device and kept on it temporarily. App details for an instant app can be found in the Google Play store. Android Instant Apps data and settings are synced to devices signed in with your Google account. You can choose to disable Android Instant Apps in the settings on your Device.
Changes to these Terms. If the Terms change, you will be given at least 30 days notice, and the new Terms will be effective after such notice period. Your continued use of Google Play following such notice period will indicate your acceptance of the new Terms. The new Terms will apply to your use of all Content (including Content you have installed or purchased in the past) and all subsequent installs or purchases. If you do not agree with such changes, you will be given the opportunity to download the Content you previously purchased or installed and terminate your use of the Google Play. You may continue to view that copy of the Content on your Devices in accordance with the last version of the Terms that you accepted.
Free Content. Google may allow you to download, view or use Content free of charge on Google Play. Additional limitations may apply to your access and use of certain free Content.
Purchase of Content. When you buy Content on or using Google Play you will enter into a separate sale contract based on these Terms (as applicable) with the seller which will be either:
(a) Google LLC; or
(b) provider of the Content (the "Provider"), including where Google LLC is acting as an agent for the Provider.
The separate sale contract is in addition to these Terms.
For sales where Google is acting as an agent for the Provider, the statement, in the Google ToS, that the Google ToS "do not create any third party beneficiary rights", does not apply to your use of Google Play.
Your contract for the purchase and use of Content is completed once you receive the email from Google confirming your purchase of that Content, and performance of this contract begins as soon as the purchase is complete.
Pre-orders. When you place a pre-order for Content, your contract for the purchase and use of that item is completed when the Content is made available to you, and you will be charged for the purchase at that time. You can cancel your pre-order at any time up to the point at which the Content becomes available to you. We will need to cancel your pre-order if the Content is withdrawn from sale through Google Play before it is made available and we reserve the right to cancel your order in the event the price changes before your order is fulfilled.
Family Payment Method. If you are the family manager of a family group on Google Play, you will be required to set up a valid family payment method for your family members to use to purchase Content on Google Play and within apps. You will be responsible for all of your family members' purchases of Content using the family payment method. If a family group is deleted, or a family member leaves the family group, you may be charged for pending purchases made by family members using the family payment method.
Google Payments. In order to purchase Content through Google Play, you must have a Google Payments account and agree to the Google Payments Terms of Service. The Google Payments Privacy Notice applies whenever you purchase Content using a Google Payments account. You are responsible for all amounts payable associated with purchases made through Google Play on your Google Payments account.
Other Payment Processing Methods. Google may make available to you various payment processing methods in addition to Google Payments to facilitate the purchase of Content through Google Play. You must abide by any relevant terms and conditions or other legal agreement, whether with Google or a third party, that governs your use of a given payment processing method. Google may add or remove payment processing methods at its sole discretion. You are solely responsible for all amounts payable associated with purchases you make on Google Play.
Eligibility for Carrier Billing. In order to determine your eligibility to have purchases of Content that you make through your Devices billed to your network provider's account, when you create a Google Play account on a Device, we will send identifiers of your Device, e.g., subscriber ID and SIM card serial number, to your network provider. To permit this you will need to accept the network provider's terms of service. The network provider may send us your billing address information. We will hold and use this information in accordance with Google's Privacy Policies and Google Payments Privacy Notice.
Pricing. Pricing and availability of all Content displayed through Google Play are subject to change at any time prior to purchase.
Taxes. "Taxes" means any duties, customs fees, levies or taxes (other than income tax) associated with the sale of Content, including any related penalties or interest. You are responsible for any Taxes and must pay for Content without any reduction for Taxes. If the seller of Content or Google is obligated to collect or pay Taxes, the Taxes will be charged to you. You must comply with any and all applicable tax laws, including the reporting and payment of any Taxes arising in connection with your use of Google Play or the purchase of Content on or through Google Play. The reporting and payment of any such applicable Taxes are your responsibility.
All Sales Final. See Google Play's Refund Policy for more information about your rights to withdraw, cancel, or return purchases for a refund. Except as expressly set out in Google Play's Refund Policies or the refund policies of the Provider, all sales are final, and no returns, replacements or refunds are permitted. If a replacement, return or refund is granted for any transaction, the transaction may be reversed, and you may no longer be able to access the Content that you acquired through that transaction.
Subscriptions. Subscriptions are automatically charged each billing period (whether weekly, monthly, annually, or another period), and you may be charged no more than 24 hours before the beginning of each billing period.
(a) Trials Periods. When you subscribe to Content for a price, you may receive access to the subscription benefits at no charge for a specified trial period, after which you will be charged until you cancel your subscription. To avoid being charged, you must cancel before the end of the trial period. Once you cancel your trial, you will immediately lose access to the relevant app and any subscription privileges unless otherwise specified. Access to such trial periods may be limited to a certain number of trials for each user during a given period, or other restrictions.
(b) Cancellations. You may cancel a subscription at any time before the end of the applicable billing period as described in the Help Center, and the cancellation will apply to the next period. For example, if you purchase a monthly subscription, you may cancel that subscription at any time during any month of the subscription, and the subscription will be cancelled as of the following month. You will not receive a refund for the current billing period, except as otherwise provided in Google Play's Refund Policy (for example where Content is defective). Google Play Newsstand subscriptions: You will continue to receive Content and Updates (if applicable) of the relevant subscription during the remainder of the current billing period. After that billing period ends, you will retain access to previously delivered magazine issues, but your access to paid news content will terminate at the end of the billing period during which your subscription is cancelled. If you cancel during the free trial period, you will retain access to the magazine issues that you access during a free trial period, but you will not retain access to news content. Google Play Music subscriptions: If you cancel your Google Play Music subscription, you will continue to have access to Google Play Music subscription Content during the remainder of the current billing period; however, your access will terminate at the end of the billing period during which your subscription is cancelled. If you cancel your Google Play Music subscription during a free trial period, you will not retain access to the Google Play Music subscription Content that you accessed during a free trial period.
(c) Reductions for Print Subscribers. Some Providers of periodicals may allow you to purchase a subscription of periodical Content on Google Play at a reduced rate if you are already a print subscriber. If you cancel your print subscription of that periodical or your print subscription expires and you do not renew it, your reduced subscription rate of that Content on Google Play will be cancelled automatically.
(d) Price Changes. When you purchase a subscription, you will initially be charged at the rate applicable at the time of your agreement to subscribe. If the price of the subscription increases later, Google will notify you. The increase will apply to the next payment due from you after the notice, provided that you have been given at least 10 days' prior notice before the charge is made. If you are given less than 10 days' prior notice, the price increase will not apply until the payment after the next payment due. If you do not wish to pay the increased price for a subscription, you may cancel the subscription as described in the Cancellations section of these Terms, and you will not be charged further amounts for the subscription, provided you have notified us before the end of the current billing period. Where the Provider increases the price of a subscription and consent is required, Google may cancel your subscription unless you agree to the new price. If your subscription is cancelled and you later decide to re-subscribe, you will be charged at the then current subscription rate.
License to Use Content. After completing a transaction or paying the applicable fees for Content, you will have the non-exclusive right, solely as expressly permitted in these Terms and associated policies, to store, access, view, use, and display copies of the applicable Content on your Devices or as otherwise authorized as part of the Service for your personal, non-commercial use only. All rights, title and interest in Google Play and Content not expressly granted to you in the Terms are reserved. Your use of apps and games may be governed by the additional terms and conditions of the end user license agreement between you and the Provider.
Violation of License Terms. If you violate any of the Terms, your rights under this license will immediately terminate, and Google may terminate your access to Google Play, the Content or your Google Account without refund to you.
Restrictions: You may not:
Third-Party Provisions. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in these Terms, the third parties who license their Content to Google are intended third party beneficiaries under these Terms solely with respect to the specific provisions of these Terms that directly concern their Content ("Third-Party Provisions"), and solely for the purpose of enabling such third parties to enforce their rights in such Content. For the avoidance of doubt, nothing in these Terms confers a third-party beneficiary right upon any party, with respect to any provision that falls outside the Third Party Provisions, which includes but is not limited to any provisions or agreements incorporated by reference, or that may be referenced without incorporation, in these Terms.
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Updated at 6:03 p.m. ET
In closing arguments on day five of former President Donald Trump's second impeachment trial, House managers argued Trump was solely responsible for inciting his supporters to attack the U.S. Capitol on Jan. 6, threatening the safety of lawmakers and democracy itself.
"It's now clear beyond doubt that Trump supported the actions of the mob," lead impeachment manager Rep. Jamie Raskin said on the Senate floor.
"He must be convicted," said the Maryland Democrat. "It's that simple."
Speaking to reporters after the Senate voted 57-to-43 to acquit Trump, Raskin called the trial the "most bipartisan presidential impeachment in the history of the United States."
"Trump stormed our house with the mob he incited, and we defended our house. And he violated our Constitution, and we defended the Constitution," Raskin told reporters.
Raskin referenced remarks from Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell blasting the president for his actions on Jan. 6 as proof that House impeachment managers had been successful in making their case.
"[McConnell] just went to the floor, essentially to say that we made our case on the facts, that he believed that Donald Trump was practically and morally responsible for inciting the events of Jan. 6th, "Raskin said. "He described it as we did, as a disgraceful dereliction of duty, a desertion of his office."
The arguments
Raskin and House managers recapped their arguments from earlier this week, using footage of Trump and his supporters to build the case that Trump knowingly misled his supporters to believe that the Nov. 3 election was fraudulent and weaponized their anger and disappointment to breach the Capitol.
Rep. David Cicilline, D-R.I., noted how Trump declined to testify before the Senate.
"I would insist on [testifying] if I were accused of a grave and serious crime that I was innocent of," he said. "I would demand the right to tell my side of the story."
Cicilline referenced a tweet from Trump on the day of the insurrection, noting his disappointment that then-Vice President Mike Pence wouldn't intervene to stop the tallying of the Electoral College votes.
"The undisputed facts confirm that not only must President Trump have been aware of the vice president's danger, but he still sent out a tweet attacking him, further inciting the very mob that was in just a few feet of him inside of this very building," Cicilline said.
The safety of Pence, and the assertion that Trump willfully did not act swiftly and decisively enough to protect his own vice president, was a point that was repeated throughout the closing arguments.
"When the vice president of the United States escaped a violent mob that entered this Capitol building, seeking to hang him and calling out 'traitor, traitor, traitor,' when they shut down the counting of the electoral college votes, is this the future you imagine for our kids?" Raskin asked.
Raskin used the closing argument to push back against the defense's claim that Trump's actions after the insurrection began aren't relevant.
Impeachment manager Rep. Madeleine Dean, D-Pa., played a video montage of Trump repeating the false claim that the election had been rigged.
"This was not one speech. This was a deliberate, purposeful effort by Donald Trump over many months that resulted in the well-organized mob attack on Jan. 6," she said.
Manager Rep. Joe Neguse of Colorado rebutted the defense's argument that Trump has been denied due process.
"We had a full presentation of evidence, adversarial presentations, motions. The president was invited to testify. He declined. The president was invited to provide exculpatory evidence. He declined. You can't claim there's no due process when you won't participate in the process," he said.
He noted that impeachment is separate and distinct from the criminal justice system.
"Why would the constitution include the impeachment power at all, if the criminal justice system serves as a suitable alternative once a President leaves office?" he asked. "It wouldn't."
Neguse also sought to address an allegation raised by defense attorneys, that the impeachment trial was rooted in hate. He turned to a quote from Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.: "I have decided to stick with love. Hate is too great a burden to bear."
"This trial is not born from hatred," said Neguse. "Far from it. It's born from love of country. Our country. Our desire to maintain it. Our desire to see America at its best."
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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Richard Beford was a renowned sculptor who joined in 1903 the Victoria & Albert Museum where he became Keeper of the Department of Sculpture from 1924 to 1938 and of the Department of Circulation from 1938 to 1946. In 1947- 8 he was Curator of Pictures at the Ministry of Works.
Born the son of George Bedford, headmaster of the Torquay School of Art, Richard Bedford was educated at Cheltenham College and the Central School of Arts and Crafts in London, a school established in response to the Arts and Craft Movement sponsored by William Morris and John Ruskin. In 1925 Bedford went to the British School in Rome where he met Barbara Hepworth. It was him who sparked off her career by introducing her in 1927 to the collector George Eumorfopoulos who bought two of her works. Bedford was active between 1924 and 1953, but it was not until 1927, at the age of 44, that he properly developed as a sculptor showing a great understanding of the qualities of materials, both in the forms and textures. Many of his sculptures are often described as polychrome as they tend to combine various coloured stones and take advantage of their veining and marking. Bedford was an active member of the London Group from 1936 to 1938 and a member of the Seven and Five Society in 1932-1933, when the group was in a transition period, being taken over by modernist artists such as Hepworth, Moore and Piper.
Not only a sculptor, Richard Bedford was also a writer, contributing to many articles and reviews in publications such as the Dictionary of National Biography, the Encyclopedia Britannia, the Burlington Magazine, the Connoisseur among others. He was also correspondent of the Kunstkronik in Berlin.
Later, while living in West Mersea in Essex where he lived for a long time, Bedford became involved with Colchester Art Society of which he became a committee member. For many years the Minories Art Gallery in Colchester had a section of three weeks allocated to CAS every year and his work was often accepted. He was a great friend of Henry Moore as well as of John Nash and Cedric Morris. Lucien Freud was also part of this group. He was known to have a dry sense of humour and of being rather introverted.
These drawings are probably preparatory drawings for sculptures, which would explain their curving qualities. The plant drawings might have been influenced by John Nash's work, examples of which can be found in this collection.
- 1927 The Goupil Gallery, London
- 1931 to 1939 The London Group Exhibition
- 1936 The Lefevre Gallery, on man show
- 1938 Empire Exhibition, Scotland
- 1942 Manchester City Art Gallery, New Movements in Art
- 1942 to 1953 Royal Academy Summer Exhibition
- 1948 Open Air Sculpture Exhibition, Battersea Park, London
Also exhibited at the New Burlington Galleries, London and the Leicester Beaux Arts
- Mapping the Practice and Profession of Sculpture in Britain and Ireland 1851-1951, University of Glasgow History of Art and HATII, on line database 2011 [http://sculpture.gla.ac.uk/view/person.php?id=msib7_1204822914]
- The Times, Obituary, 5 October 1967
- WILCOX, Denys J., The London Group 1913-1939: the artists and their works, Scholar Press, Aldershot,1995
I would like to thank Anthony Atkinson (q.v.) President of Colchester Art Society, for identifying this series of drawings and giving me invaluable insight information on the artist.
Evelyne Bell


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This article was originally published here by Foreign Policy in Focus.
President Barack Obama brimmed with optimism after he met with Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos in the White House last December.
Obama lauded Colombia's "tremendous progress" over the past decade and praised Santos for his peace talks with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC). He commended Santos' efforts on human and labor rights, and hailed the "success" of the U.S.-Colombia Free Trade Agreement. So good were the conditions in Colombia, he said, that the two countries' longstanding collaboration on Colombia's security could now make way for a focus on economic partnership.
But the situation in Buenaventura—Colombia's principal port city, which I visited in September—hardly supports the rosy picture Obama presented. To be certain, evidence of international trade abounds, from huge construction projects to the multi-billion dollar port. Yet just minutes away, one encounters extreme poverty, with the unemployment rate topping 60 percent among the Afro-Colombians who constitute the majority of the city's population. Massive capital improvement programs thrive next to abject poverty, while brutally violent murders occur in the shadows of towering cranes. And despite Colombia's formal commitments to labor rights, port workers lack the most basic of labor protections.
The U.S. government calls Colombia a "success story." But far from using the gains from international trade to tackle poverty, insecurity, and violence, Colombian state institutions — apparently with Washington's blessing—have essentially stopped addressing issues of human rights altogether.
Labor Protections in Name Only
My visit to Buenaventura, the shipping hub through which much of Colombia's U.S.-bound trade travels, took place just 16 months after the implementation of the United States–Colombia Trade Promotion Agreement (CTPA) in 2012.
Designed in the mid-2000s to expand the U.S. trade presence throughout the Americas, the agreement languished for years before taking effect. Voicing powerful objections to making a trade deal with the most dangerous country for trade unionists in the world, members of the U.S. Congress, civil society, and unions throughout the hemisphere successfully delayed its approval. They noted that Colombia was (and still is) engaged in the hemisphere's longest running conflict, where even the most basic of human rights are not respected and most institutions lack the ability to protect vulnerable populations. Concerns about the CPTA extended to questions of people's livelihoods as well — trade experts predicted that the agreement would threaten Colombia's already struggling small farmers and drive down wages as they were forced to compete in international markets.
To address widespread concerns over labor rights violations and anti-union violence in Colombia, and to pave the way for passage of the agreement in the United States, in 2011 Obama and Santos signed a "Labor Action Plan" (LAP) that outlined concrete steps to protect Colombia's workers. The LAP has led to some important changes, including the re-establishment of an independent Labor Ministry, modifications in Colombian labor law to curb subcontracting, and protection for labor leaders.
But the vast majority of these changes have been in name only. For example, where some forms of illegal contracting have been outlawed, others have appeared. Although the Labor Ministry has levied fines, companies have refused to pay. And although early signs indicated decreased anti-union violence, in 2013 trade unionist murders increased for the first time in years. Because the LAP lacks a binding enforcement mechanism to require Colombia to show progress, its implementation continues to depend heavily on political will and outside pressure. Not surprisingly, most of the promises contained in the LAP have not been realized.
Trade Dominates in Colombia's Largest Port
In no part of the country is the privileging of trade over human rights more evident than in Buenaventura, which I visited with a delegation of union organizers and congressional staffers to explore the human and labor rights situation.
Buenaventura is known as both a receptor and a driver of internally displaced persons. The concept sounds like a cruel joke. Fleeing violence in the rural areas along Colombia's Pacific coast, families come to Buenaventura in search of some semblance of security. Yet few find it, and many subsequently leave. According to the United Nations, more than 2,800 peoplewere displaced in the first half of November alone, as armed groups vied to control the city.
Guerrilla and paramilitary groups have long battled to control the valley leading into Buenaventura, which is a vital artery to North American drug markets. Their violence has been brutal. For example, in the emblematic 2001 Naya massacre south of the city, paramilitary groups slaughtered hundreds of villagers — some beheaded by machete, others by chainsaw. More recently, armed groups have turned on the city's Afro-Colombian women — engaging in decuartizando, or murder by quartering, of community leaders.
The free trade agreement did not initiate this violence, but as leaders of the Afro-Colombian Women Human Rights Defenders Project point out, it's not unrelated either. This year, when at least 12 women were brutally murdered in the city, activists organizingnationwide protests against the killings denounced "the lack of attention to this crisis and the indifference from governmental authorities." They suggested that the government was privileging the interests of those profiting from the free trade agreement over the needs of those being killed.
With all that violence, why do so many people stay in the city? "I was born here, I will raise my family here, I will die here," Harrinson Moreno, a community activist with the Afro-Colombian NGO Black Communities Process, explained to me when I asked why he didn't simply leave Buenaventura. Instead, Moreno and his colleagues have staunchly stood up for the rights of Afro-Colombians, denouncing the military's ties to paramilitaries and condemning government neglect.
But for all those who refuse to leave, others do depart — driven out by the very free trade agreement that was supposed to have brought prosperity. As the port has dramatically expanded in recent years to accommodate Colombia's newly tariff-free exports, local residents — many of whom have been evicted from their homes at least once previously—have been forced to flee yet again as cranes dominate in areas they once called home.
Those who stay often find it impossible to make a living, given the pollution generated as new industries pour into the once-verdant area. "You can find fish at the market, and when you cut them open, they have coal inside," Moreno said, explaining how many residents have lost their livelihoods because of the growing pollution. "The traditional fishing areas now don't have any fish."
Labor Rights — Sunk in an Expanding Port
Ideally, labor organizing could improve workers' prospects amid burgeoning international commerce. But sadly, trade unionists demanding basic protections and the right to organize face enormous obstacles. Despite the LAP's commitments to promote direct hiring and other labor protections, over 80 percent of Buenaventura's workers are illegally subcontracted. By subcontracting — or hiring workers through third-party entities — the company that runs the port effectively stymies the port worker union's ability to bargain collectively for a contract, secure health and pension benefits, or demand basic safety protections.
These aren't isolated events, either. According to an October report by U.S. Representatives George Miller (D-CA) and James P. McGovern (D-MA), labor rights violations have continued throughout the country since the free trade agreement was implemented. The congressmen, who met with union, management, and government officials throughout the country, found illegal firings and a flagrant disregard for labor law to be the norm, rather than the exception.
News of this painful reality seems not to have reached the White House. Following his meeting with Santos, Obama declared the free trade agreement a resounding success and said that what remains to be done amounts only to "some details that are being worked on."
But other officials may be taking note. According to Rep. Miller, Colombian Labor Minister Rafael Pardo Rueda "gave his assurance that his department is taking the problems very seriously." Within both the U.S. and Colombian labor departments, Miller added, "there is an understanding that these issues need to be resolved."
Directions for the Future
Colombia has indeed seen progress in recent years — its homicide rate has dropped and an ongoing peace process offers hope that the country's decades-long civil war could end. But this is far from Colombia's "mission accomplished" moment. Widespread violence continues throughout the country, and despite promises for change linked to the free trade agreement, workers' rights continue to be ignored. Meanwhile, Colombia's own initiatives to promote human rights — among them some well-intentioned efforts — have failed to deliver progress.
Yet while the situation may seem bleak, it is far from hopeless. The Colombian government can protect labor rights by investigating abuses, ensuring that fines are levied and paid, and making sure to address infractions. Without an end to impunity — be it related to street violence or workplace violations — change will not be possible.
In Buenaventura, a civilian state presence must be established to address continued humanitarian concerns and make sure the displaced population receives the protection it needs. Paramilitary groups must be dismantled so the roots of violence can be addressed. This will require more effective investigations and prosecutions of both armed actors and the corrupt state officials that support them. And finally, the United States must regularly — in public and private — make it clear that it requires its trade partners to enforce human and labor rights.
Colombia has a long way to go before it becomes the success story Presidents Obama and Santos claim it to be. Both countries need to realize that while some modest gains have been made, it is folly to prioritize trade over human rights. Only through the rigorous application of labor laws, the investigation and prosecution of acts of violence, and the protection of vulnerable communities can real and lasting progress be achieved.


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Back in late May, I traveled to Peru to run a second-year event, the Jungle Ultra. I'd never been to Peru but the chance to run/hike in the Andes and then have fun at the race itself in the Amazon jungle was too good an opportunity to pass and looked like ideal preparation for Western States 100 and the Grand Slam of Ultrarunning (Western States 100, Vermont 100, Leadville 100 and Wasatch Front 100 in the same summer). Altitude, steep climbs, and heat, what more could the body need for running four hilly 100s?
The Andes
After flying into the historic capital of the Inca Empire, Cusco, the first week was my mountain week with hiking around classic Inca areas like the ruins at the world famous Machu Picchu. As expected, it was just as jaw-dropping as in the photos we've all seen and it was also packed with tourists. That morning started with long lines to get pre-dawn buses from Agua Calientes up to Machu Picchu, then another long line at the entrance followed by a slow conga up the steep steps into the ruins. As a runner, moving at the pace of overweight tourists at altitude didn't appeal so I decided to turn on the GPS running watch and bag some Strava climbs, starting with the route up Machu Picchu Mountain. This mini peak towers above the site with a sharp one-mile climb straight up to 10,000 feet from under 8,500 feet. Once I got away from the crowds, it felt more like being in an Indiana Jones movie and I later found out that the discovery of Machu Picchu was part of the inspiration for that character. But I really needed a machete and whip to fit in, maybe switching the trail shoes for leather boots, too.
For any runners thinking of heading to Peru, bear in mind that if you choose the steepest and longest trails, you can always get away from the crowds. Plus, the Incas were legendary runners and made something like 60,000 miles of steep mountain steps through the Andes, so that's a lot of real estate to explore. Even at Machu Picchu, I had around 45 minutes to myself at the summit of Machu Picchu Mountain to enjoy the rising sun playing with shadows over the ruins below. That solitude was magical and felt extra special because of the fact it was so simple to get away from the tour-group hordes.
The one regret I have is that I didn't fully research the Inca paths since the famous Inca Trail to Machu Picchu is
just one of many spectacular routes through the mountains and most don't require annoying and limited permits or guides. It's relatively easy to find climbs that make the Hardrock 100 course look flat and one can only assume the Incas were super-fit since the combination of altitude (Machu Picchu is around 8,000 feet while Cusco is closer to 11,000 feet) and stone steps often at a gradient over 50 percent is a killer on the legs and lungs. That was the only way in and out of their mountain cities so they used teams of relay runners to transfer messages quickly through the mountains. I suspect that they had some world class mountain runners if we could see them compete in today's races.
I could easily have stayed in the mountains for the entire trip and it certainly fitted into my goals for the vacation, both for hill training and to see some of the most beautiful vistas I could hope for. It whetted my appetite for a return visit and created some memories that reinforced the fact I was in an emerging economy. My favorite of these was the shared taxi/minibus trip back to Cusco where a middle-aged local lady in traditional attire squeezed in next to me and proceeded to breastfeed six inches under my nose while screaming into her smartphone the entire journey. That just doesn't happen back home and all I could do was chuckle inwardly about how absurd the situation was, a mixture of old world and new.
The Jungle
Much as the mountains were everything a trail runner could want and more, the initial reason for the trip was to run the Jungle Ultra, so I reluctantly left the pleasant temperatures and reasonably low level of bugs to head to the sweaty heat of the world's most famous jungle. To cope with the expected mosquito attacks, I had 99% DEET spray which amused the other runners from Europe since they didn't seem to think it was legal to sell such concentrated poison. We had plenty of time to chat on the six-hour rickety bus ride to Manu National Park.
The event itself was inspired by the Marathon des Sables and similar multi-day races, plus it's part of a series of four races, the Jungle Ultra, Mountain Ultra (in Colorado), Desert Ultra (in Namibia), and Ice Ultra (in Sweden), all created by Beyond the Ultimate, a UK-based company. So the format is self-supported with the organizers providing only hot and cold water during the race, spread over five stages and approximately 143 miles (230 kilometers).
At the pre-race briefing, we were shown slides of the dangers we could expect to find, with an extremely long list of snakes, the potential to see a jaguar around the final campsite (if we're lucky), caimans (think crocs), and numerous plants and trees with huge spikes. Virtually everything seemed to want to bite, stab, or otherwise puncture us and they didn't even mention spiders. My favorite was the type of snake that will chase you so dropping the backpack was advised to distract it, although no ideas were given about how to get the pack back again!
Accommodation was in hammocks that we had to carry with us along with our food and emergency list of items. So most people had packs that weighed at least 20 pounds on day one. On paper it looked like an ideal training week for the Grand Slam and previous blog posts about the event in 2012 made it sound fun but not excessively hot or steep.
Fewer than 30 runners started on day one with several locals aiming to bring the glory home for their country but mainly Brits and a contingent of Danish adventure racers. That adventure-racing background proved to be very helpful since the distances between aid stations were fairly approximate and stages were usually longer and always tougher than the organizers described. We started around 10,000 feet at the edge of the Andes and spent the first two days doing a lot of downhills (ideal for Western States).
By stage three, we were really getting into classic jungle terrain with paths cut with machetes, leaving sharp bamboo stubs in the ground. The heat was difficult to bear in exposed sections since it combined with 100-percent humidity and there was no ice since we were so remote. Sweating was near useless for cooling the body and any water we poured on our heads was lukewarm. This is what we'd signed up for and day four was a beast of a stage that made us feel like explorers. Climbs were never very long, at perhaps 700 feet vertical at the most, but they were extremely steep and muddy, causing the calves to scream out in protest. The downhills were tougher since there was no good footing and most trees or vines were either spiky or completely covered in ants that were just waiting for a tasty hand to nibble on. I was glad I'd brought gloves for the potential for cold nights since I used them the whole time to save my hands from getting shredded or bitten.
Those first four days had been a tough training block and I could feel a slight twinge in my left knee, which had been an issue earlier in the year. In addition, the last stage was a 57-miler in blistering heat so I opted to save myself for the Grand Slam and take away a great experience of Peru without overly exhausting myself or causing my knee to flare up. It was the way I'd approached the whole of 2013 so far because the Grand Slam is a daunting task for me and I wanted to start it off as rested and fit as possible.
In hindsight, this was a very smart move because the final stage was incredibly testing. Even the eventual winner, Simon Grimstrup (Denmark), took something like 13 hours for the stage and he's a very strong runner who dealt with the heat incredibly well given a lack of heat training. He finished in the dark during the start of a torrential storm and only the other Danes finished that night with the remaining runners having to be rescued from the course as the river they had to run up and down flooded. They tried to restart the next morning but the water levels remained dangerous so they were given finishes no matter how far they got through that last stage.
Overall, Peru was a fantastic experience and both the Andes and Amazon are special places that I'll never forget. The mountains definitely appealed to me more, but it's always worth trying new things and the jungle was certainly unlike anything I've dealt with before. The Jungle Ultra itself is also a tougher event than I gave it credit for and isn't a suitable training week for Western States if done in its entirety. For trail runners, there are few places that are more enjoyable and spectacular to run in and I know I'll be back to run through those mountains again, although maybe I'm not in as much of a rush to go back to the jungle.


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Hunters Who Use Boats to Hunt
Many hunters use small boats for duck hunting or to get to their favorite hunting grounds. If you are using your vessel to hunt, you should:
- Understand that you are still responsible for obeying all boating laws and should follow all safe boating rules.
- Take extra precautions to avoid capsizing or swamping your vessel.
- Be aware that small, flat-bottom vessels are prone to capsizing or swamping.
- Keep weight low and distribute gear evenly in the vessel.
- Do not exceed the vessel's capacity. Never crowd too many people or too much gear into one small hunting boat.
- Take only well-trained dogs on board a small vessel. An excited dog could capsize a vessel easily. Keep the dog lying on the bottom, positioned in the center of the vessel.
- Take precautions to avoid hypothermia in case you do capsize.
- Always check the weather and stay as close to the shore as possible.
- Never fire shots or release arrows until the vessel is stopped, the motor is turned off, and the vessel is secured or properly anchored. Always remain seated when shooting. Of course, you must possess a valid hunting license, tags, and permits for whatever you are hunting.
- Be aware of laws regarding transport of firearms in a vessel.
- Ensure that all firearms are always unloaded with the safety on and are secured in a gun case when they are being transported in a vessel.


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Upon completing this chapter, you will be able to
Create and configure IPv4 addresses
Understand and resolve IP addressing crises
Assign a VLSM addressing scheme
Configure route summarization
Configure private addressing and NAT
Use IP unnumbered
Understand and configure DHCP and Easy IP
Know when to use helper addresses
Understand the concepts of IPv6
You can reinforce your understanding of the objectives covered in this chapter by opening the interactive media activities on the CD accompanying this book and performing the lab activities collected in the Cisco Networking Academy Program CCNP 1: Advanced Routing Lab Companion. Throughout this chapter, you will see references to these activities by title and by icon. They look like this:
Interactive Media Activity
Lab Activity
A scalable network requires an addressing scheme that allows for growth. However, several unanticipated consequences can result from unmanaged network growth. As new nodes and networks are added to the enterprise, existing addresses might need to be reassigned. Excessively large routing tables might slow down older routers, and the supply of available addresses might simply run out. You can avoid these unpleasant consequences with careful planning and deployment of a scalable network addressing system.
Network designers can choose from among many different network protocols and addressing schemes. However, with the emergence of the Internet and its nonproprietary protocol, Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), this has meant that virtually every enterprise must implement an IP addressing scheme. In addition to TCP/IP, several proprietary network protocols and addressing schemes have been used. Companies such as Apple and Novell have recently migrated their network software to TCP/IP and away from their proprietary protocols. Presently, many organizations choose to run TCP/IP as the only routed protocol on the network. The bottom line is that administrators must find ways to scale their networks by using IP addressing.
Unfortunately, the architects of TCP/IP could not have predicted that their protocol would eventually sustain a global network of information, commerce, and entertainment. Twenty years ago, IP version 4 (IPv4) offered an addressing strategy that, although scalable for a time, resulted in an inefficient allocation of addresses. Over the past two decades, engineers have successfully modified IPv4 so that it can survive the Internet's exponential growth. Meanwhile, an even more extensible and scalable version of IP, IP version 6 (IPv6), has been defined and developed. Today, IPv6 is slowly being implemented in select networks. Eventually, IPv6 might replace IPv4 as the dominant Internet protocol.
This chapter explores the evolution and extension of IPv4, including the key scalability features that engineers have added to it over the years:
Classless interdomain routing (CIDR)
Variable-length subnet masking (VLSM)
Route summarization
Finally, this chapter examines advanced IP implementation techniques such as the following:
IP unnumbered
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
Helper addresses


text: LINDA A. JOHNSON Associated Press Writer For the first time, a large study shows that pregnant women who suffer morning sickness are not risking harm to their babies if they take a certain anti-nausea drug. The result may lead more doctors to prescribe the drug metoclopramide and women to feel less guilty about using it during their baby's crucial first few months of development, experts said. Currently, no drugs are approved in the U.S. for morning sickness, which plagues most women in the first three months of pregnancy — even all day for some. Doctors sometimes use medicines approved for other types of nausea that are thought to be safe in pregnancy, when simple strategies such as eating crackers and frequent, small meals don't help. The study looked back at nearly 82,000 births in Israel, where metoclopramide is commonly used. It found no difference in birth defects or other problems in newborns of women whether or not they took the drug, sold as Reglan and in generic form. "I think that women will be comforted by this," said Dr. Keith Eddleman, director of obstetrics at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York. "Most women are reluctant (to take anti-nausea medicine) just because of the stories they've heard and the perception that taking something in the first trimester can cause harm." Results of the study, which did not look at the drug's effectiveness, were reported in Thursday's New England Journal of Medicine. Morning sickness can be more than unpleasant. It can cause some women to lose weight or send them to the hospital. But some doctors and women are reluctant to use medicine because of scares decades ago over a couple drugs used for morning sickness. Thalidomide, used in Europe and Canada in the 1960s, caused missing or shortened limbs. The maker of another drug, Bendectin, pulled it from the market in 1983 after widely publicized lawsuits alleged it caused limb deformities. Multiple studies and reviews by medical authorities never found such a link. Despite the millions of births each year — about 4 million in the U.S. alone — there still have been no large, well-designed studies on the safety of medicines in treating morning sickness, mainly due to fears of harming a fetus and triggering lawsuits. The Israeli study, led by researchers at Ben-Gurion University, included pregnant women enrolled in Israel's largest HMO from 1998 through 2007. It compared the health of newborns of 3,458 women who took metoclopramide, for as little as a week to more than three weeks, with 78,245 newborns of women who had not used it. Rates of problems were low and similar in both groups. The safety finding may reassure women, who often are more cautious than their doctors about using a drug during pregnancy, said Dr. Laura Riley, a Massachusetts General Hospital obstetrician and spokeswoman for the Society for Maternal Fetal Medicine. "For some who are on the fence, it'll allow them to take it," she said. In the U.S., other drugs — Compazine, Phenergan and Zofran — are generally used more often than Reglan, which is made by Schwarz Pharma Inc. of Smyrna, Ga. The new study should lead obstetricians to prescribe it more often, some experts said. Until now, doctors have only assumed it is safe, based on a couple small studies and the lack of reports of serious problems, said Dr. Jeffrey Chapa, head of maternal fetal medicine at the Cleveland Clinic. Metoclopramide, which works by speeding emptying of the stomach and reducing heartburn, can have side effects, including sedation, insomnia, depression and anxiety.


text:
There's a lot of controversy in Canada over the Mother Jones article by Dr. Kevin Patterson, "Talk to Me Like My Father: Frontline Medicine in Afghanistan," published in our July/August issue.
This 7,000 word diary of Dr. Patterson's time serving at the military hospital at Kandahar Air Field culminates with a scene in which Dr. Patterson (a Canadian) is on call when Canadian Cpl. Kevin Megeney, who'd just been accidentally shot by another soldier in his own tent, was brought in to the ER. Cpl. Megeney arrived unconscious, his pupils fixed and dilated. Dr. Patterson and the other doctors at hand tried to do what they could—including opening his chest with a "clamshell incision"—but the bullet had entered his heart.
The controversy started when the The News—a community paper that serves Pictou County, Nova Scotia, where parts of the Megeney family live—reported that George Megeney, Cpl. Megeney's uncle, was upset that Dr. Patterson described the methods used to try to save his nephew, and did not disguise his identity:
"Had he not identified Kevin, it would have been bad enough," he said. The use of the soldier's name – and lack of permission from the family to identify him – has Megeney questioning the author's ethics.
He said the first the family heard of the article was when he and Kevin's parents received a letter from Mother Jones advising them that the magazine was publishing a story with graphic content about the death, and offering to send them copies of the magazine prior to publication.
Which is more or less correct. But what The News failed to report (in part because it didn't talk to us or Dr. Patterson) in its initial article was that I spoke to Cpl. Megeney's mother at length by phone and that even after reading the article, some members of the immediate family wrote us to thank us for publishing the article and Dr. Patterson for doing all he could to try to save Cpl. Megeney. Here's the response that I posted on our website after a few people who'd read The News article wrote in to express their outrage:
As the co-editor of Mother Jones, I would like to make a few things clear in regards to the part of this story that involves Cpl. Kevin Megeney. First, we sent a letter to Cpl. Megeney's parents, uncle, and sisters, ahead of publication, informing them that this 7,000 word diary of a doctor's month of service at Kandahar Air Field did contain a scene involving the tragic death of their son. That it was written by a doctor present when Cpl. Megeney was brought in for emergency surgery, and that it would likely be disturbing to those close to him. We offered to send it to them or any intermediary they would like if they thought it would be too disturbing to read it themselves.
I then spoke with Mrs. Megeney by phone at length. She assured me that the family would like to see the article, and that she was a nurse and would read it before any other members of her family; she said it would help to have closure to know more about what happened. We heard from other members of the family who also wanted to read it, and some whom, after they did, expressed the desire to write to Dr. Patterson "to express my appreciation to him for exhausting every effort to save [him]." They asked that we link to Cpl. Megeney's memorial site, which we were already planning on doing, so our readers would have a chance to express their condolences [they've since asked that it be removed. See below].
As to the question of anonymity: The death of Cpl. Megeney was an extremely well covered story in Canada. There was no way to write about the incident and not have it be instantly clear to any member of his family or any member of the Canadian press, or anyone who'd followed the story who we were talking about simply by omitting his name. So we felt it would be false anonymity at best. Doctors can and do publicly talk about how patients die when the story is already in the news–consider press conferences following tragic accidents. And there was certainly nothing in this account that disparaged Cpl. Megeney, who served his country admirably and died in a tragic accident.
This was an extremely emotional story to work on. The account of Cpl. Megeney's death was particularly poignant, but there were many other stories in there of death and injury to soldiers and civilians that are hard to read. But in our opinion for the greater public to live in denial about what happens in a war does a disservice to those soldiers who serve and the civilians who are affected.
I could go into greater detail about our correspondence with the Megeney family, but I'm not going to. They have the right to disagree amongst themselves or to change their minds, individually or collectively, about their reaction to the article. And they have a right to express those views publicly. Their loss and their grief is their own.
But now, perhaps emboldened by (or having stirred up) this controversy, the Canadian military has announced that it will investigate if Dr. Patterson—who is a veteran of the Canadian army but went over there as a civilian because the Canadian army (like our own) is running out of enlisted doctors—violated any military rules or ethics by writing about the event. (No one, I might add, is questioning the factual basis of the article, which was rigorously fact-checked. Just whether it was okay to recount the facts.)
Now, I can't look into the military's heart and know why it is investigating Dr. Patterson. But I can say that in multiple conversations I've had in the past 24 hours with various members of the Canadian press, they've all told me off the record that they a) thought the article was great, sensitive to all parties, and responsible b) an antidote to the sanitized coverage of the war c) that the Canadian military was mostly upset because this kind of realistic account of the war (or any war) "hurts recruiting," and d) they get upset whenever they can't control the press. Particularly around a friendly-fire incident, as the Pat Tillman incident has taught Americans quite well.
I can however speak to Dr. Patterson's character, which is being maligned by some on various comments boards. I've known Dr. Patterson for nearly a decade. In addition to serving Canada in the military as young man, he took the risk to go to Afghanistan and treat allied personnel and Afghan civilians. He's also worked in Inuit and tropical communities treating TB patients (which he wrote about in "The Patient Predator" for Mother Jones; the reporting inspired his novel Consumption, which has just come out to rave reviews.). In sum, he's not only a great writer, but a truly fine human being. Were I, or anyone I loved, sick or injured, I could only hope to come under the care of someone as compassionate as he.
And on the subject of compassion: At the Megeney family's request, we've removed the link to Kevin Megeney's memorial site as some people on our site—that means you, "Jackie"—were using it to mock the family. Those posts have been deleted and we will continue to monitor. I would ask any visitor to our site that no matter what your feelings about the war in Afghanistan or Iraq that you not conflate your political opinions with other people's loss.
You can read more about the controversy at the Globe and Mail here and subsequent comments, where I've weighed in, but that has mostly deteriorated into a shouting match about the war itself here. A CBC radio interview with Dr. Patterson can be found here. And an account by the (Nova Scotia) Chronicle Herald, is here. More from The News here and here. And of course people have weighed in on our site here.
You can also view a photo essay by Canadian photographer Lana Slezic on the plight of women in Afghanistan. And CNN terror analyst and Taliban expert Peter Bergen lists ten reasons why the war in Afghanistan is starting to look more like Iraq here.


text:
It's Nice To Be Rich: Wall Street Is Raking In Profits In The Stock Market
< < Back toNEW YORK CITY (NPR) — The economy is tanking across the country, with layoffs and bankruptcies as far as the eye can see. But the richest sliver of the country continues to do quite well, thank you.
The latest evidence came Wednesday morning as Goldman Sachs, the bluest of blue-chip banks, said it's raking in money on Wall Street.
While other banks are warning about rising loan losses during the recession, Goldman, which tends to serve a higher-end clientele, is sounding a pretty optimistic note.
In fact, Goldman said it did better than expected, bringing in revenue of $13.3 billion, up 41% from a year ago — and its second-highest quarterly revenues ever.
It benefited from a record surge in trading of stocks and bonds as well as profits from investment banking fees.
"While the economic outlook remains uncertain, I am confident that we will continue to be the firm of choice for clients around the world who are looking to reshape their businesses and rebuild a more resilient economy," CEO David Solomon said in a release.
Goldman's profit surge underscores a central fact about the bifurcated U.S. economy right now: While much of the economy faces an uncertain future, Wall Street is enjoying a historic revival as the Federal Reserve and other central banks flooded the global economy with money.
"The Fed has been able to engineer a huge bounce back in the markets by injecting trillions of dollars, benefiting investment banks primarily," Octavio Marenzi, CEO of capital markets consultancy Opimas, told CNBC.
JPMorgan Chase and Citigroup have also benefited from higher trading profits, though not as much: Both said Monday they would set aside billions of dollars because they expect more consumers and businesses to have trouble paying off their loans.
Goldman, which gets more of its revenue from Wall Street than any of the six major banks, was able to profit nicely from the rebound: It brought in $2.94 billion from stock trading during the second quarter of 2020, its best performance in more than a decade.
It also made a record $2.66 billion in investment banking fees, helping companies raise money during the pandemic.


text:
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