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The Twilight between Person and Product, Essay
Are you familiar with the affliction? Anthropomorphobia is the fear of recognizing human characteristics in non-human objects. The term is a hybrid of two Greek-derived words: 'anthropomorphic' means 'of human form' and 'phobia' means 'fear'. Although anthropomorphobia was originally rare, with complaints limiting themselves to fairs and amusement parks with moving dummies that laughed at visitors, the blurring boundary between people and products is leading to increased problems. Complaints can be accompanied by irrational panic attacks, disdain, revulsion, and confusion about what it means to be human. Will anthropomorphobia eventually become public disease number one? Or can anthropomorphobia serve as a guiding principle in the evolution of humanity? Herewith, an exploration.
Exploring the Twilight between Person and Product
Luxury cars with blinking headlight eyes. Perfume bottles shaped like beautiful ladies. Grandma's face stretched smooth. Carefully selected designer babies. The Senseo coffeemaker shaped – subtly, but nonetheless – like a serving butler. And, of course, there are the robots, mowing grass, vacuuming living rooms, and even caring for elderly people with dementia. Today more and more products are designed to exhibit anthropomorphic – that is, human – behaviour. At the same time, as a consequence of increasing technological capabilities, people are being more and more radically cultivated and turned into products. This essay will investigate the blurring of the boundary between people and products. My ultimate argument will be that we can use our relationship to anthropomorphobia as a guiding principle in our future evolution.
Introduction: Anthropomorphism for Dummies
Before we take a closer look at the tension between people and products, here is a general introduction to anthropomorphism, that is, the human urge to recognise people in practically everything. Researchers distinguish various types of anthropomorphism (DiSalvo, Gemperle and Forlizzi, 2007). The most obvious examples ⎯ cartoon characters, faces in clouds, teddy bears ⎯ fall into the category of 1) structural anthropomorphism, evoked by objects that show visible physical similarities to human beings. Alongside structural anthropomorphism, three other types are identified. 2) Gestural anthropomorphism has to do with movements or postures that suggest human action or expression. An example is provided by the living lamp in Pixar's short animated film, which does not look like a person but becomes human through its movements. 3) Character anthropomorphism relates to the exhibition of humanlike qualities or habits – think of a stubborn car that doesn't want to start. The last type, 4) aware anthropomorphism, has to do with the suggestion of a human capacity for thought and intent. Famous examples are provided by the HAL 9000 spaceship computer in the film 2001: A Space Odyssey and the intelligent car KITT in the TV series Knight Rider.
Besides being aware that anthropomorphism can take different forms, we must keep in mind that it is a human characteristic, not a quality of the anthropomorphised object or creature per se: the fact that we recognise human traits in objects in no way means those objects are actually human, or even designed with the intention of seeming that way. Anthropomorphism is an extremely subjective business. Research has shown that how we experience anthropomorphism and to what degree, are extremely personal – what seems anthropomorphic to one person may not to another, or it may seem much less so (Gooren, 2009).
Blurring The Line Between People And Products
To understand anthropomorphobia − the fear of human characteristics in non-human objects − we must begin by studying the boundary between people and products. Our hypothesis will be that anthropomorphobia occurs when this boundary is transgressed. This can happen in two ways: 1) products or objects can exhibit human behaviour, and 2) people can act like products. We will explore both sides of this front line, beginning with the growing phenomenon of humanoid products.
Products as People
The question of whether and how anthropomorphism should be applied in product design has long been a matter of debate among researchers and product designers. "You shouldn't anthropomorphise computers, they don't like it" is a classic and frequently made joke among interaction designers; the punch line rests on the knowledge that people will always, to a greater or lesser degree, ascribe human attributes to products, whether or not they are not designed to exhibit them − evidently it is simply human nature to project our own characteristics on just about everything (Reeves & Nass, 1996).
To understand anthropomorphobia we must begin by studying the boundary between people and products.
Some researchers argue that the deliberate evocation of anthropomorphism in product design must always be avoided because it generates unrealistic expectations, makes human-product interaction unnecessarily messy and complex, and stands in the way of the development of genuinely powerful tools (Shneiderman, 1992). Others argue that the failure of anthropomorphic products is simply a consequence of poor implementation and that anthropomorphism, if applied correctly, can offer an important advantage because it makes use of social models people already have access to (Harris and Louwen, 2002; Murano, 2006; DiSalvo & Gemperle, 2003). A commonly used guiding principle among robot builders is the so-called uncanny valley theory (Mori, 1970), which, briefly summarised, says people can deal fine with anthropomorphic products as long as they're obviously not fully fledged people −e.g., cartoon characters and robot dogs. However, when a humanoid robot looks too much like a person and we can still tell it's not one, an uncanny effect arises, causing strong feelings of revulsion − in other words, anthropomorphobia (Macdorman et al., 2009).
Most researchers agree that anthropomorphism can be advantageous as well as dangerous. On the one hand, it can encourage an empathic relationship between the user and the product. If the expectations raised are not met, however, disappointment and incomprehension can result. Personality, cultural background and specific context can also influence one's perception of the product, increasing the chance of miscommunication further.
Although no consensus exists on the application of anthropomorphism in product design and there is no generally accepted theory on the subject, technology cheerfully marches on. We are therefore seeing increasing numbers of advanced products that, whether or not as a direct consequence of artificial intelligence, show ever more anthropomorphic characteristics. The friendly soft drink machine; the coffeemaker that says good morning and politely lets you know when it needs cleaning. A robot that scrubs the floor, and one that looks after the children. Would you entrust your kids to a robot? Maybe you'd rather not. But why? Is it possible that you're suffering from a touch of anthropomorphobia? Consciously or unconsciously, many people feel uneasy when products act like people. Anthropomorphobia is evidently a deep-seated human response − but why? Looking at the phobia as it relates to products becoming people', broadly speaking, we can identify two possible causes:
1) Anthropomorphobia is a reaction to the inadequate quality of the anthropomorphic products we encounter.
2) People fundamentally dislike products acting like humans because it undermines our specialness as people: if an object can be human, then what am I good for?
Champions of anthropomorphic objects − such as the people who build humanoid robots − will subscribe to the first explanation, while opponents will feel more affinity for the second. What's difficult about the debate is that neither explanation is easy to prove or to disprove. Whenever an anthropomorphic product makes people uneasy, the advocates simply respond that they will develop a newer, cleverer version soon that will be accepted. Conversely, opponents will keep finding new reasons to reject anthropomorphic products. Take the chess computer − an instance of aware anthropomorphism, like HAL 9000. Thirty years ago, people thought that when a chess computer was able to beat a grandmaster, it would mean computers had achieved a human level of intelligence. But when world champion Garry Kasparov was finally vanquished in the 1990s by IBM's monster computer Deep Blue, the opponents calmly moved the goalposts, proposing that chess required merely a limited kind of intelligence and human intelligence as a whole entailed much more than that − emotional intelligence, bodily intelligence, creative intelligence, and so on. Never fear: computers couldn't touch human beings, even if they could beat us at chess! Then again, the nice thing about this game of leapfrog is that through our attempts to create humanoid products we continue to refine our definition of what a human being is − in copying ourselves, we come to know ourselves.
The coffeemaker that says good morning and politely lets you know when it needs cleaning. A robot that scrubs the floor, and one that looks after the children.
Where will it all end? We can only speculate. Researcher David Levy (2007) predicts that marriage between robots and humans will be legal by the end of the 21st century. For people born in the 20th century, this sounds highly strange. And yet, if we think for a minute, we realise the idea of legal gay marriage might have sounded equally impossible and undesirable to our great-grandparents born in the 19th century. Boundaries are blurring; norms are shifting. Although I'm not personally interested in hopping into bed with a sophisticated sex doll, nor am I especially bothered if other people are. Robot sex has been a secret fantasy of both men and women for decades, and although I don't expect it will go mainstream anytime soon, I think we should allow each other our placebos. Actually, I'm more worried about something else: whether marrying a normal person will still be possible at the end of the 21st century. Because if we look at the increasing technologization of human beings and extrapolate into the future, it seems far from certain that normal people will still exist by then. This brings us to the second cause of anthropomorphobia.
People as Products
We have seen that more and more products in our everyday environment are being designed to act like people. As described earlier, the boundary between people and products is also being transgressed in the other direction: people are behaving as if they were products. I use the term 'product' in the sense of something that is functionally designed, manufactured, and carefully placed on the market.
It is becoming less and less a taboo to consider the body as a medium, something that must be shaped, upgraded and produced.
The contemporary social pressure on people to design and produce themselves is difficult to overestimate. Have you put together a personal marketing plan yet? If not, I wouldn't wait too long. Hairstyles, fashion, body corrections, smart drugs, Botox and Facebook profiles are just a few of the self-cultivating tools people use in the effort to design themselves − often in new, improved versions.
It is becoming less and less taboo to consider the body as a medium, something that must be shaped, upgraded and produced. Photoshopped models in lifestyle magazines show us how successful people are supposed to look. Performance-enhancing drugs help to make us just that little bit more alert than others. Some of our fellow human beings are even going so far in their self-cultivation that others are questioning whether they are still actually human − think, for example, of the uneasiness provoked by excessive plastic surgery.
The ultimate example of the commodified human being is the so-called designer baby, whose genetic profile is selected or manipulated in advance in order to ensure the absence or presence of certain genetic traits. Designer babies are a rich subject for science fiction, but to an increasing degree they are also science fact. "Doctor, I'd like a child with blond hair, no Down's Syndrome and a minimal chance of Alzheimer's, please". An important criticism of the practice of creating designer babies concerns the fact that these (not-yet-born) people do not get to choose their own traits but are born as products, dependent on parents and doctors, who are themselves under various social pressures.
In general, the cultivation of people appears chiefly to be the consequence of social pressure, implicit or explicit. The young woman with breast implants is trying to measure up to visual culture's current beauty ideal. The Ritalin-popping ADHD child is calmed down so he or she can function within the artificial environment of the classroom. The ageing lady gets Botox injections in conformance with society's idealisation of young women. People cultivate themselves in all kinds of ways in an effort to become successful human beings within the norms of the societies they live in. What those norms are is heavily dependent on time and place.
Ever Met a Normal Human Being? What Did You Think of Them?
At the beginning of the 1990s, shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall, I was in a European airport. The Cold War had just ended. Waiting to check in, I was standing between two queues for other flights, one of which was going to the United States – Los Angeles, I think – and the other to Bucharest, Romania. The striking difference between the people in the two queues made a powerful impression on me. In the queue for the United States stood a film crew and a Hollywood actor, who had been in picturesque Europe filming a romantic comedy whose name I have since forgotten. There were slightly too thin, stretched-tight yet elegantly dressed "Hello, how are you?" women and friendly yet superficially smiling white-toothed men like the ones I had seen in Gillette commercials. The whole thing made a sophisticated yet somewhat artificial Barbie-and-Ken-like impression. The contrast with the queue for the Eastern European flight was enormous. The latter was comprised of proud but bony people in grey fur coats with grown-out haircuts and too many suitcases – many times more authentic, but shabby verging on animal (I know that today Bucharest is a hip, fashionable city, but in 1990, just after the fall of the Wall, things were different).
As a Western European (deodorant, highlights, no Botox yet), I felt somewhere in between, with enough distance to reflect. Never before had I been so keenly aware of how relative our ideas about what a 'normal' human being is really are. Someone from the Middle Ages probably would have considered the Romanians' suitcases and fur coats unbelievably sophisticated. From the perspective of a cave-dweller, we would scarcely be recognisable as humans. I wouldn't be surprised if a caveperson experienced strong feelings of anthropomorphobia at the sight of the lines in the airport and presumed it was a landing zone for post-human aliens from a faraway planet.
Humans As Mutants
Throughout our history, to a greater or lesser degree, all of us human beings have been cultivated, domesticated, made into products. This need to cultivate people is probably as old as we are, as is opposition to it. It's tempting to think that, after evolving out of the primordial soup into mammals, then upright apes, and finally the intelligent animals we are today, we humans have reached the end of our development. Of course, this not the case. Evolution never ends. It will go on, and people will continue to change in the future. But that does not mean we will cease to be people, as is implied in terms like 'transhuman' and 'posthuman' (Ettinger, 1974; Warwick, 2004; Bostrom, 2005). It is more likely that our ideas about what a normal human being is will change along with us.
We should prevent people from becoming unable to recognize each other as human.
The idea that technology will determine our evolutionary future is by no means new. During its evolution over the past two hundred thousand years, Homo sapiens has distinguished itself from other, now extinct humanoids, such as Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo ergaster and the Neanderthal, by its inventive, intensive use of technology. This has afforded Homo sapiens an evolutionary advantage that has led us, rather than the stronger and more solidly built Neanderthal, to become the planet's dominant species. From this perspective, for technology to play a role in our evolutionary future would not be unnatural but in fact completely consistent with who we are. Since the dawn of our existence, human beings have been coevolving with the technology they produce. Or, as Arnold Gehlen (1961) put it, we are by nature technological creatures.
Because only one humanoid species walks the earth today, it is difficult to imagine what kind of relationships, if any, different kinds of humans living contemporaneously in the past might have had with each other. Perhaps Neanderthals considered Homo sapiens feeble, unnatural, creepy nerds, wholly dependent on their technological toys. A similar feeling could overcome us when we encounter technologically 'improved' individuals of our own species. There is a good chance that we will see them in the first place as artificial individuals degraded to the status of products and that they will inspire violent feelings of anthropomorphobia. This, however, will not negate their existence or their potential evolutionary advantage.
Human Enhancement
If the promises around up-and-coming bio-, nano-, info-, and neurotechnologies are kept, we can look forward to seeing a rich assortment of mutated humans. There will be people with implanted RFID chips (there already are), people with fashionably rebuilt bodies (they, too, exist and are becoming the norm in some quarters), people with tissue-engineered heart valves (they exist), people with artificial blood cells that absorb twice as much oxygen (expected on the cycling circuit), test-tube babies (exist), people with tattooed electronic connections for neuro-implants (not yet the norm, although our depilated bodies are ready for them), natural-born soldiers created for secret military projects (rumour has it they exist), and, of course, clones – Mozarts to play music in holiday parks and Einsteins who will take your job (science fiction, for now, and perhaps not a great idea).
It is true that not everything that can happen has to, or will. But when something is technically possible in countless laboratories and clinics in the world (as many of these technologies are), a considerable number of people view them as useful, and drawing up enforceable legislation around them is practically impossible, then the question is not whether but when and how it will happen (Stock, 2002). It would be naive to believe we will reach a consensus about the evolutionary future of humanity. We will not. The subject affects us too deeply, and the various positions are too closely linked to cultural traditions, philosophies of life, religion and politics. Some will see this situation as a monstrous thing, a terrible nadir, perhaps even the end of humanity. Others will say, "This is wonderful. We're at the apex of human ingenuity. This will improve the human condition". The truth probably lies somewhere in between. What is certain is that we are playing with fire, and that not only our future but also our descendants' depends on it. But we must realise that playing with fire is simply something we do as people, part of what makes us human.
While the idea that technology should not influence human evolution constitutes a denial of human nature, it would fly in the face of human dignity to immediately make everything we can imagine reality. The crucial question is: How can we chart a course between rigidity and recklessness with respect to our own evolutionary future?
Anthropomorphobia as a Guideline
Let us return to the kernel of my argument. I believe the concept of anthropomorphobia can help us to find a balanced way of dealing with the issue of tinkering with people. There are two sides to anthropomorphobia that proponents as well as opponents of tinkering have to deal with. On the one hand, transhumanists, techno-utopians, humanoid builders, and fans of improving humanity need to realise that their visions and creations can elicit powerful emotional reactions and acute anthropomorphobia in many people. Not everyone is ready to accept being surrounded by humans with plastic faces, electrically controlled limbs and microchip implants – if only because they cannot afford these upgrades. Along with the improvements to the human condition assumed by proponents, we should realise that the uncritical application of people-enhancing technologies can cause profound alienation between individuals, which will lead overall to a worsening rather than an improvement of the human condition.
Understanding anthropomorphobia can guide us in our evolutionary future.
On the other hand, those who oppose all tinkering must realise anthropomorphobia is a phobia. It is a narrowing of consciousness that can easily be placed in the same list with xenophobia, racism and discrimination. Just as various evolutionary explanations can be proposed for anthropomorphobia as well as xenophobia, racism and discrimination, it is the business of civilisation to channel these feelings. Acceptance and respect for one's fellow human beings are at the root of a well-functioning society.
In conclusion, I would like to argue that understanding anthropomorphobia can guide us in our evolutionary future. I would like to propose a simple general maxim: Prevent anthropomorphobia where possible. We should prevent people from having to live in a world where they are constantly confused about what it means to be human. We should prevent people from becoming unable to recognise each other as human.
The mere fact that an intelligent scientist can make a robot clerk to sell train tickets doesn't mean a robot is the best solution. A simple ticket machine that doesn't pretend to be anything more than what it is could work much better. An ageing movie star might realise she will alienate viewers if she does not call a halt to the unbridled plastic surgeries that are slowly but surely turning her into a life-sized Barbie – her audience will derive much more pleasure from seeing her get older and watching her beauty ripen. The 17-year-old boy who loses his legs in a tragic accident should think carefully before getting measured for purple octopus attachments, although that doesn't mean he should necessarily get the standard flesh-toned prosthesis his overbearing anthropomorphobic mother would prefer. Awareness and discussion around anthropomorphobia can provide us with a framework for making decisions about the degree to which we wish to view the human being as a medium we can shape, reconstruct and improve – about which limits it is socially acceptable to transgress, and when.
I can already hear critics replying that although the maxim 'prevent anthropomorphobia' may sound good, anthropomorphobia is impossible to measure and therefore the maxim is useless. It is true that there is no 'anthromorphometric' for objectively measuring how anthropomorphic a specific phenomenon is and how uneasy it makes people. But I would argue that this is a good thing. Anthropomorphobia is a completely human-centred term, i.e., it is people who determine what makes them uncomfortable and what doesn't. Anthropomorphobia is therefore a dynamic and enduring term that can change with time, and with us. For we will change – that much is certain.
This essay was originally published in the Next Nature Book. Image via Amusing Planet
Bostrom, N. 'In Defence of Posthuman Dignity'. Bioethics, Vol. 19, No. 3, 2005, pp. 202–214.
DiSalvo, C., Gemperle, F. From Seduction to Fulfillment: The Use of Anthropomorphic Form in Design. Engineered Systems. 2003.
DiSalvo, C., Gemperle, F., and Forlizzi, J. Imitating the Human Form: Four Kinds of Anthropomorphic Form. 2007.
Duffy, B.R. 'Anthropomorphism and the Social Robot', Robotics and Autonomous Systems, vol. 42, 2003, pp. 177–190.
Ettinger, R. Man into Superman. Avon, 1974.
Gehlen, A. Man: His Nature and Place in the World. Columbia University Press, 1988.
Gooren, D. Anthropomorphism & Neuroticism: Fear and the Human Form. Eindhoven: Eindhoven University of Technology, 2009.
Haraway, D. Simians, Cyborgs and Women: The Reinvention of Nature. New York: Routledge, 1991.
Harris, R. and Loewen, P. (Anti-) Anthropomorphism and Interface Design. Toronto: Canadian Association of Teachers of Technical Writing, 2002.
Levy, D. Love and Sex with Robots: The Evolution of Human-Robot Relationships. Harper, 2007.
Macdorman, K., Green, R., Ho, C. and Koch, C. 'Too Real for Comfort? 'Uncanny Responses to Computer Generated Faces'. Computers in Human Behavior, 2009.
Murano, P. 'Why Anthropomorphic User Interface Feedback Can Be Effective and Preferred by Users'. Enterprise Information Systems, vol. VII, 2006, pp. 241–248.
Mori, M. 'The Uncanny Valley', Energy, vol. 7, 1970, p. 33–35.
Reeves, B. and Nass, C. The Media Equation: How People Treat Computers, Television, and New Media Like Real People and Places. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
Shneiderman, B. 'Anthropomorphism: From Eliza to Terminator', Proceedings of CHI '92, 1992, pp. 67–70.
Stock, G. Redesigning Humans: Our Inevitable Genetic Future. 2002.
Warwick, K. I, Cyborg. University of Illinois Press, 2004.


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In The Undertaking of Lily Chen, Deshi, a young man struggling to make a life for himself in rural China, watches his life comes unhinged when he accidentally kills his older brother in a fight. His distraught parents send him on a hopeless journey to acquire a bride for his brother to marry posthumously so he doesn't enter the next world alone—an ancient Chinese tradition with many modern adherents. Eligible female corpses are in short supply, however. When Deshi falls into company with a beautiful, angry, and single young woman named Lily, he sees a solution to his problems. The only hitch is Lily is still very much alive.
Danica Novgorodoff, author of Slow Storm and Refresh, Refresh, brings her distinctive voice and gorgeous, moody watercolors to this wry, beautiful, and surprising literary graphic novel.
In parts of rural China, an old tradition of ghost marriages still persists. There are those who say that a man who dies unmarried cannot be happy in the afterlife unless his body is 'married' to a female corpse and buried with her. When Deshi's brother dies in an accident, his parents demand that he locate a ghost bride before the day of his brother's funeral. Deshi's journey into the countryside to find a body is filled with a little too much adventure, and when he encounters Lily, a girl whose only aim is to flee her dead-end life, he wonders if he's found a solution (for at least one of his problems).
Novgorodoff's graphic novel is a morbidly funny book with a unique setting, a feisty heroine, and a backstory that delves into unfamiliar folk beliefs and stretches the imagination. Deshi's task is by turns tragic and comic, and his general flailing (and failing) at life, though a well-trodden storyline in adult lit, is revived in the uncommon setting. Nevertheless, Lily and her family are the highlight of the book. The Chens' simple life and unsubtle reactions paired with the delicacy of watercolors make for a striking combination.
Speaking of the art… the palette is neutral, movement mostly implied, and the best part (in my opinion) are the landscape panels. In all, The Undertaking of Lily Chen is an easy read with an understated art style that compliments the dark, wry humor.
Recommended for: fans of Neil Gaiman and those who like dark fiction and adult-level graphic novels.

subset: commoncrawl


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Word is getting around the blogosphere that creationist Kent Hovind, currently doing time for violating numerous tax laws, has been thrown into solitary confinement, though reasons for this are obscure. One explanation is that Hovind has been trying to run his own prison ministry without approval, though to what degree that is true is up in the air.
Given Hovind's penchant for portraying himself as an innocent martyr to the faith who's being victimized by an evil government trying to silence him for preaching "the truth" about evolution, and the brainless eagerness of Hovind's wide-eyed followers to parrot this self-serving delusion (seriously, check the comments in the link above, as well as some of those that have turned up even here), it's likely any story that comes along as to why Hovind has been so incarcerated — if he even has — will have been thoroughly run through CSE's distortion machine.
Naturally, I feel about as much sympathy for Hovind, let alone his claims of martyrdom, as I do for Paris Hilton. Neither an imaginary deity nor spoiled-brat celebutard status puts anyone above the law.


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"What is the estimated cost of painting the interior of my home?"The cost of painting the interior of your home is a customized estimate that involves a careful evaluation of various factors. To provide a more accurate estimate, we need to consider the specifics of your project. These include: Scope of Work: Are you planning to have all interior surfaces painted or just specific areas? Preparation: Does the project entail significant surface preparation, such as repairing walls, filling gaps, or sanding? Areas to Be Painted: Will the painting encompass ceilings, walls, trim, baseboards, doors, staircases, or specific elements within your home? Taking these factors into account, a typical interior painting project for a 3-bedroom, 1.5-bathroom, 2,000 sq. ft. home can range from approximately $6,000 to $14,000. This price range accommodates variations in project complexity and the extent of painting required. For a more precise estimate tailored to your specific project, we recommend scheduling a consultation with one of our professional painters. They will assess your needs, provide a detailed proposal, and ensure your project is executed to your exact specifications. We understand that each project is unique, and our goal is to deliver exceptional results that align with your vision for your home.
"Do you charge by the room or by the hour?""In fact, we offer a flexible pricing approach that combines both options. When our SalesPro visits your home for the estimate, they'll carefully assess your project's scope and intricacies. Based on their evaluation, they will calculate how long it will take to complete the project. This data is then utilized to create a customized proposal, which can be structured by individual rooms or 'areas' within your home. This dual pricing method ensures transparency and adaptability, allowing us to provide you with the most accurate and fair pricing for your interior painting needs."
"Are paint and materials included in the price?"Absolutely. In your proposal, we provide a comprehensive breakdown of all elements, encompassing the scope of work, the necessary materials, and the associated costs. This transparent approach ensures that you have a clear understanding of what's included in the pricing, giving you confidence in the value and quality of our service.
"Do you offer any discounts or promotions?"Absolutely! At Brush Masters Painting Franchise Systems, we are dedicated to providing exceptional value to our clients. We offer a range of discounts and promotions to make our services even more affordable and accessible: Monthly and Seasonal Promotions: Throughout the year, we run special promotions that coincide with different seasons and occasions. These promotions can include discounted rates, package deals, or complementary services to enhance your painting experience. Special Discounts: We believe in giving back to those who serve our communities and our country. As a token of our appreciation, we offer special discounts to the following groups: Seniors: For our valued senior community. Military Personnel: Active-duty members and veterans. First Responders: Police, firefighters, and EMTs. Teachers: Educators who play a vital role in our society. Veterans: A special thank you to those who've served in the armed forces. Birthday Discounts: Celebrate your special day with a unique birthday discount on our services. These discounts and promotions are our way of showing gratitude and making quality painting services more accessible to a broader audience. We encourage you to inquire about our current promotions and how you can benefit from them when considering Brush Masters Painting for your next project.
"How do you prepare the walls and surfaces before painting?"Before commencing the painting process, we place great emphasis on ensuring the protection of your furniture and flooring to prevent any paint-related mishaps. This includes careful measures to shield your valuable assets from paint drips and spills. Next, our meticulous approach involves a thorough inspection of the walls and surfaces. Any imperfections, such as cracks or drywall seam issues, are promptly addressed. We expertly patch any areas requiring attention and fill any holes or gaps with high-quality caulking. In cases where it's necessary, we apply a skim coat to the walls, ensuring a flawless and even surface. This is followed by a skillful sanding process, resulting in walls that are not only pristine but also smooth to the touch. In instances where staining or dark-colored surfaces are present, we employ a priming process to ensure that the final paint application achieves its full brilliance. We're even equipped to handle artistic additions like crayon marks, ensuring they disappear seamlessly. Only when your surfaces are clean, perfectly smooth, and structurally sound do we embark on the exciting part of the project – the painting itself. This comprehensive preparation process is a testament to our commitment to delivering exceptional results and maintaining the integrity of your home.
"What is your payment schedule and method?"At Brush Masters Painting, we aim to make the payment process as convenient and transparent as possible for our valued clients. We offer two main forms of payment: checks and credit cards, giving you flexibility in choosing the method that suits your preferences. Here's a breakdown of our payment schedule: Initial Deposit: To secure your spot in our schedule and initiate your project, we require a 50% deposit before we commence any work. This deposit not only helps you lock in your desired schedule but also demonstrates your commitment to the project. Final Payment: Once we've successfully completed the painting job to your satisfaction, we kindly request that the remaining balance be settled. You can conveniently make this payment either by check or credit card on the same day the project is finished. We streamline the payment process by sending you an electronic invoice, which can be easily accessed and paid from your mobile device or computer. Our integrated payment processing system ensures a hassle-free experience, allowing you to complete the payment with ease. It's important to note that we have clear policies outlined in our proposals regarding cancellation and late fees. We do this to maintain a fair and efficient working relationship with our clients. If you have any specific questions about our payment process or need further details, our team is always available to assist and clarify any concerns you may have.
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Market Transparency, Investor Strategies, and Trading Costs: Evidence from the Taiwan Stock Exchange
This paper investigates the effect of changes in pre-trade transparency on trading strategies and trading costs by examining the effects of increased transparency in the limit order book at the Taiwan Stock Exchange. Our results demonstrate that pre-trade transparency makes the market more liquid, because investors are more willing to provide liquidity, thus reducing the trading costs for liquidity demanders. Furthermore, we find evidence that investors, especially institutional traders, attempt to manage limit-order exposures by splitting orders and canceling orders faster; thus, pre-trade transparency does not increase their trading costs. Our findings suggest that pre-trade transparency affects trading strategies and trading costs differently according to the type of investor.
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Mormonism is a Christian restorationist religious movement that was founded by Joseph Smith. It is also called the Latter Day Saint movement. The largest and best known Mormon church is The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Mormon teachings are similar to many Christian churches, and they consider themselves to be Christian, although some non-members do not consider them to be Christian. [1] A 2007 survey showed that 31% of the people polled do not agree that Mormons are Christians.[2] Mormons have beliefs that are different from the beliefs of mainstream Christian churches.[3] The Mormon Church considers itself a restoration church. This means that members of the Church believe that it is the original Christian Church started by Jesus Christ and brought back ("restored") by Joseph Smith, Jr. in 1830. Mormonism or Bahaism are sometimes called the "fourth Abrahamic religion".[4][5]
First vision
[change | change source]Joseph Smith, Jr. said that he had visits from God the Father, Jesus Christ, and many angels. The first visit is called the First Vision. It happened when Joseph was 14 years old. He had decided to pray about which religion to join. He said that he went to the woods far from his family's house in New York, prayed, felt evil powers fighting him, and was rescued when a bright light appeared above him. In the bright light, he said that he saw God the Father and Jesus Christ. They told him not to join any church, because none of the churches had all of the truth. They also told him that they had work for him to do.
The Book of Mormon
[change | change source]Part of the work that Joseph did was translating the Book of Mormon. Joseph said that an angel named Moroni visited him and showed him where a very old book was buried. This book was written on bars of gold (sometimes called the Gold Plates). It was buried in a stone box in a hill near Joseph's home in New York. Moroni visited Joseph once a year for four years until he told Joseph to take the Gold Bars. Since the book was written in a very old language, Joseph translated the book into English. He did this with help from God and by the tools called the "Urin" and "Thummim". The book was published as The Book of Mormon in 1830. It tells the story of two main groups of people who lived in North and South America hundreds of years ago (the Nephites and Lamanites), as well as a story of a group of people who came to the Americas thousands of years ago upon leaving the Tower of Babel (the Jaredites). It also teaches many things about Jesus. To members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, The Book of Mormon is a special book from God comparable to the Bible. Mormons believe that by reading The Book of Mormon and the Bible, people can learn how to get closer to God and how to find happiness in life. This book is also the reason Church members are sometimes called "Mormons".
Mormon beliefs and practices
[change | change source]Today the center of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints is in Utah, but there are more than 16 million Mormons living all over the world.[6] The leader of the church is called the president, and followers call him a prophet. They believe that God guides the prophet, just like God guided Joseph Smith and the prophets in the Bible. Members of the church believe that it is important for families to spend a lot of time together, and that after they die, they can live together forever. Active members do not drink alcohol, coffee, or tea, or smoke tobacco. They meet once a week on Sunday for church, where they have the sacrament and listen to short talks or sermons. They also have Sunday School to learn more. The church also has activities during the week. Mormons also have buildings called temples. These are the most holy buildings in their religion. When a Temple is first built, and after renovations, the general public is invited to tour the inside. However, after a temple has been dedicated, only church members that have had a worthiness interview with the bishop or stake president may enter. They believe in baptism by the person being completely immersed underwater(baptism by immersion) by someone that has been given the Priesthood(authority of God), such as explained in the Articles of Faith that was written in a letter by Joseph Smith through revelation from Heavenly Father.
Big movements in Mormonism
[change | change source]Today, there are three main movements in Mormonism, although one is by far the largest. They are represented by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, the Community of Christ and the Church of Christ with the Elijah Message. When people talk about Mormons, they usually mean the followers of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, which is the largest Mormon movement. This movement also says that the term Mormon is a nickname given to members early in the church's history, and would prefer to be referred to as "Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints". "Latter Day Saint" (LDS) is another nickname that is not preferred because it omits the name of Jesus Christ.[7][8]
Different groups' beliefs
[change | change source]Some people who call themselves Mormons are not part of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. These people belong to other Mormon churches. Some of their beliefs are different.
When Brigham Young became the second president of the Church after Joseph Smith was killed, some people did not think he was the rightful president. When Brigham Young led most of the Mormons to Utah, these people stayed in Illinois. They believed that Joseph Smith's son should be the next president. Today, this church is called the Community of Christ. It is the second largest church to call themselves Mormons. They have more than 250,000 people in their church. Other Mormons teach very different lessons that the Community of Christ do not.
Other splits in the Church happened later. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) teaches that a man should only marry one woman. This is called monogamy. In the beginning of the church, this was different. A man could be married to more than one woman at the same time (called polygamy). When the Church changed its position in 1890, some people left the official Church and continued with polygamy. These groups are very small compared to the LDS. The groups that did not want to give up on polygamy are sometimes still called Mormon, even though in the official church, polygamy has been forbidden since 1890. Most of these smaller groups stay away from other people, since polygamy is illegal in the United States. The LDS tells people not to use the word Mormon or pictures of Church leaders and temples when talking about these groups, since it makes it seem like they are still connected to the LDS even though they are not.
Mormonism and Christianity
[change | change source]There are many practices in Mormonism that are very similar to those used in Christian movements. There are some practices, however, where the Mormon movement is noticeably different from other Christian movements, such as Catholic, Orthodox, or Protestant faiths. People who define Christianity as belonging to one of those denominations generally say that Mormonism is not a Christian movement.[9][10]
In English, the LDS Church accepts the King James Version of the Bible as a part of its official scripture.[11]
In the beginning, the Mormon movement said that it restored the Christian faith and that the other movements at the time held beliefs that were wrong.[12] In the 1830s, the movement quickly gained members that had come from Christian movements. Many Christians of the time saw some of the practices and beliefs the Mormon movement held at that time as politically and culturally subversive. The most controversial of these included the idea that slavery was wrong, men being able to have more than one wife, and the church's wanting to run a government with laws based on Mormonism. Some of these beliefs are no longer held by most Mormon movements today. Such disagreements led to violent conflicts between Mormons and mainstream Christian groups. Even though there is not really violence anymore, the movement's unique doctrinal views are still criticized.
Mormons believe in Jesus Christ as the literal firstborn Son of God and Messiah, his crucifixion as a conclusion of a sin offering, and resurrection.[13] However, Latter-day Saints (LDS) reject the ecumenical creeds and definition of the Trinity taught by the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Anglican Communion, and Trinitarian Protestantism.[14][15] In their view, the New Testament prophesied that people would turn away from Christian teachings, and that there would be a restoration to the situation before the second coming of Christ.[16]
Some important differences with mainstream Christianity include: A belief that Jesus began his atonement from sin in the garden of Gethsemane and took on everyone's sins, Mormon or not. He bled from every pore, and prayed to his father in heaven, "Father, if thou be willing, remove this cup from me: nevertheless not my will, but thine, be done."[17] In their view, heaven is divided into three degrees of glory, and hell (often called outer darkness).[18] Additionally, Mormons do not believe in creation ex nihilo, they believe that matter is eternal, and that God organizes existing matter.[19]
Much of the Mormon belief system is oriented geographically around the North and South American continents. Mormons believe the people of the Book of Mormon lived in the western hemisphere, that Christ appeared in the western hemisphere after his death and resurrection, that the true faith was restored in upstate New York by Joseph Smith, and that the Garden of Eden and location of Christ's second coming were and will be in the state of Missouri. For this and other reasons, including a belief by many Mormons in American exceptionalism, Molly Worthen speculates that this may be why Leo Tolstoy described Mormonism as the "quintessential 'American religion'".[20]
[change | change source]- ↑ "LDS.org - Definition: Restoration of the Gospel".
- ↑ "Poll:Knowledge lacking of Islam, Mormonism". 26 September 2007. Retrieved 12 May 2013.
- ↑ Johnson, M. and Mullins, P. Mormonism: Catholic, Protestant, Different? Review of Religious Research, Vol. 34, No. 1 (Sep., 1992), pp. 51-62
- ↑ Do You Need God?: Exploring Different Paths to Spirituality Even for Atheists, Rory J. Q. Barnes, 2014
- ↑ Essential Essentialism, 2011, Z Schertz
- ↑ "Mormonnewsroom.org - Facts and Statistics".
- ↑ Style Guide - The Name of the Church
- ↑ Nelson, By President Russell M. "The Correct Name of the Church - By President Russell M. Nelson". www.lds.org. Retrieved 2018-10-31.
- ↑ For example, a 2007 poll conducted by the Pew Research Center found that one in three Americans surveyed do not consider Mormons to be Christian. See for example ReligionNewsblog.com
- ↑ "It is sometimes said that Mormonism is to Christianity as Christianity is to Judaism. Both Mormonism and Christianity established themselves by reinterpreting a preceding faith. Christianity built on Judaism but emphasized the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ; Mormonism began with Christianity but accepted new revelation through a modern prophet." Bushman (2008, p. 62)
- ↑ "Scriptures". Retrieved November 13, 2011.
- ↑ Teaching that existing denominations "were believing in incorrect doctrines, and that none of them was acknowledged of God as his church and kingdom" Smith 1842a, p. 707 and "all their creeds were an abomination in his sight." Smith 1842c, p. 748
- ↑ What Mormons Believe About Jesus Christ – LDS Newsroom
- ↑ Joseph Smith History 1:18-19
- ↑ Teachings of the Prophet Joseph Smith, selected by Joseph Fielding Smith, Salt Lake City: Smith, Deseret Book, 1976, p. 370.
- ↑ See, for instance, Thessalonians 2:2-3 and Acts 3:19-21
- ↑ Bruce R. McConkie, "The Purifying Power of Gethsemane," Ensign, May 1985, 9.
- ↑ Mormon scriptures speak of hell in two ways. The first is another name for spirit prison, a place for the spirits of people who have "died in their sins." The second is a more permanent place called Outer Darkness, reserved for the Devil, his angels, and those who have comitted the unpardonable sin. True to the Faith: A Gospel Reference, 2004, LDS Church. "Hell," p. 81; See also: Christian views on Hell (Latter-day Saints)
- ↑ Bushman (2008, p. 71)
- ↑ Worthen, Molly, "The Missionary Position Archived 2011-11-19 at the Wayback Machine", Foreign Policy, 13 June 2011.


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Boy Scouts Sporting Full Beards Are Kind of Creepy [PHOTOS]
The purpose of the new series of print ads from Boy Scouts of America is to convey how scouting skills can transform youngsters from boys into full-bearded men.
However, there is something unsettling about seeing beards that would make Kimbo Slice or Zach Galifianakis jealous on the faces of boys still too young to need a razor.
Perhaps the Boy Scouts should have just stopped the digital manipulation with a hearty mustache, which wouldn't have been so jarring, and would help to promote this month of Movember.
What do you think? Effective ad or creepy?
[via Gawker]


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Workers earning minimum wage in 23 states and the District of Columbia got a raise over the New Year's holiday, according to the Economic Policy Institute.
The biggest increase: Nebraska
As Nebraska Public Media reports, voters decided in November to increase the state's minimum wage to $15 an hour by 2026, in increments of $1.50 per year. That brings the state to $10.50 an hour for this year.
Smallest increase: Michigan
According to Michigan Radio, the state's first increase, which went into effect at the start of the year, raised the state's minimum wage to $10.10, up just $0.23. But there's a chance of a second increase that could raise the state's minimum wage to $13.03. Michigan Public Radio Network's Rick Pluta has details.
Highest minimum wage: Washington state and Washington, D.C.
In November, voters in the District of Columbia decided to phase out the region's tipped minimum wage over the next few years to match the District's $16.10 per hour for workers. As DCist's Amanda Michelle Gomez explains, "the measure's success also comes four years after the passage of a nearly identical initiative and its subsequent overturn by the D.C. Council."
Meanwhile in Washington state, not only has the state's minimum wage gone up by $1.25 to $15.74 an hour, but as KUOW reports, the city of Seattle has raised the minimum wage for small and large employers by $0.75 and $1.42, respectively.
States where minimum wage is tied to cost of living saw a bigger bump than in years past
As a result of the recent high inflation, minimum wage increases in states where cost of living is taken into consideration were greater than in years past, according to the Economic Policy Institute. Those include: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Maine, Minnesota, Montana, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, South Dakota, Vermont and Washington state.
— Minimum wage is expected to increase to over $13 an hour across New England in 2023, except in New Hampshire, where it has stayed at $7.25 for over a decade.
— The Columbus, Ohio, city council is raising minimum wage for workers at companies receiving economic incentives from the city to $20 an hour.
The full list of increases
Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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Our blog has a companion RSS feed and is frequently updated with a storehouse of woodworking information. Please feel free to jump in and comment on any of our entries. We'd love to hear your ideas!
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This book is a Divine allegory, which represents the love between Christ and his church of true believers, under figures taken from the relation and affection that subsist between a bridegroom and his espoused bride; an emblem often employed in Scripture, as describing the nearest, firmest, and most sure relation: see #Ps 45; Isa 54:5,6; 62:5; Jer 2:2; 3:1|; also in Ezekiel, Hosea, and by our Lord himself, #Mt 9:15; 25:1|: see also #Re 21:2,9; Eph 5:27|. There is no character in the church of Christ, and no situation in which the believer is placed, but what may be traced in this book, as humble inquirers will find, on comparing it with other Scriptures, by the assistance of God the Holy Spirit, in answer to their supplications. Much, however, of the language has been misunderstood by expositors and translators. The difference between the customs and manners of Europe, and those of the East, must especially be kept in view. The little acquaintance with eastern customs possessed by most of our early expositors and translators, has in many cases prevented a correct rendering. Also, the changes in our own language, during the last two or three centuries, affect the manner in which some expressions are viewed, and they must not be judged by modern notions. But the great outlines, rightly interpreted, fully accord with the affections and experience of the sincere Christian.The title. (1) The church confesses her deformity. (2-6) The church beseeches Christ to lead her to the resting-place of his people. (7,8) Christ's commendation of the church, Her esteem for Him. (9-17)1 This is "the Song of songs," excellent above any others, for it is wholly taken up with describing the excellences of Christ, and the love between him and his redeemed people.
2-6 The church, or rather the believer, speaks here in the character of the spouse of the King, the Messiah. The kisses of his mouth mean those assurances of pardon with which believers are favoured, filling them with peace and joy in believing, and causing them to abound in hope by the power of the Holy Ghost. Gracious souls take most pleasure in loving Christ, and being loved of him. Christ's love is more valuable and desirable than the best this world can give. The name of Christ is not now like ointment sealed up, but like ointment poured forth; which denotes the freeness and fulness of the setting forth of his grace by the gospel. Those whom he has redeemed and sanctified, are here the virgins that love Jesus Christ, and follow him whithersoever he goes, #Re 14:4|. They entreat him to draw them by the quickening influences of his Spirit. The more clearly we discern Christ's glory, the more sensible shall we be that we are unable to follow him suitably, and at the same time be more desirous of doing it. Observe the speedy answer given to this prayer. Those who wait at Wisdom's gate, shall be led into truth and comfort. And being brought into this chamber, our griefs will vanish. We have no joy but in Christ, and for this we are indebted to him. We will remember to give thanks for thy love; it shall make more lasting impressions upon us than any thing in this world. Nor is any love acceptable to Christ but love in sincerity, #Eph 6:24|. The daughters of Jerusalem may mean professors not yet established in the faith. The spouse was black as the tents of the wandering Arabs, but comely as the magnificent curtains in the palaces of Solomon. The believer is black, as being defiled and sinful by nature, but comely, as renewed by Divine grace to the holy image of God. He is still deformed with remains of sin, but comely as accepted in Christ. He is often base and contemptible in the esteem of men, but excellent in the sight of God. The blackness was owing to the hard usage that had been suffered. The children of the church, her mother, but not of God, her Father, were angry with her. They had made her suffer hardships, which caused her to neglect the care of her soul. Thus, under the emblem of a poor female, made the chosen partner of a prince, we are led to consider the circumstances in which the love of Christ is accustomed to find its objects. They were wretched slaves of sin, in toil, or in sorrow, weary and heavy laden, but how great the change when the love of Christ is manifested to their souls!
7,8 Observe the title given to Christ, O Thou whom my soul loveth. Those that do so, may come to him boldly, and may humbly plead with him. Is it with God's people a noon-time of outward troubles, inward conflicts? Christ has rest for them. Those whose souls love Jesus Christ, earnestly desire to share in the privileges of his flock. Turning aside from Christ is what gracious souls dread more than anything else. God is ready to answer prayer. Follow the track, ask for the good old way, observe the footsteps of the flock, look what has been the practice of godly people. Sit under the direction of good ministers; beside the tents of the under shepherds. Bring thy charge with thee, they shall all be welcome. It will be the earnest desire and prayer of the Christian, that God would so direct him in his worldly business, and so order his situation and employment, that he may have his Lord and Saviour always before him.
9-17 The Bridegroom gives high praises of his spouse. In the sight of Christ believers are the excellent of the earth, fitted to be instruments for promoting his glory. The spiritual gifts and graces which Christ bestows on every true believer, are described by the ornaments then in use, ver. #10,11|. The graces of the saints are many, but there is dependence upon each other. He who is the Author, will be the Finisher of the good work. The grace received from Christ's fulness, springs forth into lively exercises of faith, affection, and gratitude. Yet Christ, not his gifts, is most precious to them. The word translated "camphire," signifies "atonement or propitiation." Christ is dear to all believers, because he is the propitiation for their sins. No pretender must have his place in the soul. They resolved to lodge him in their hearts all the night; during the continuance of the troubles of life. Christ takes delight in the good work which his grace has wrought on the souls of believers. This should engage all who are made holy, to be very thankful for that grace which has made those fair, who by nature were deformed. The spouse (the believer) has a humble, modest eye, discovering simplicity and godly sincerity; eyes enlightened and guided by the Holy Spirit, that blessed Dove. The church expresses her value for Christ. Thou art the great Original, but I am but a faint and imperfect copy. Many are fair to look at, yet their temper renders them unpleasant: but Christ is fair, yet pleasant. The believer, ver. #16|, speaks with praise of those holy ordinances in which true believers have fellowship with Christ. Whether the believer is in the courts of the Lord, or in retirement; whether following his daily labours, or confined on the bed of sickness, or even in a dungeon, a sense of the Divine presence will turn the place into a paradise. Thus the soul, daily having fellowship with the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, enjoys a lively hope of an incorruptible, undefiled, and unfading inheritance above.
Commentary by Matthew Henry, 1710.
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Pulpit Gill's Ellicott


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Sleeps 3
1 Slides
Murphy BedRear Bath
21ft Long
3,360 lbs
E19FDS Floorplan
Sleeps | 3 | Slides | 1 |
Length | 20 ft 8 in | Ext Width | 7 ft 8 in |
Ext Height | 10 ft 3 in | Hitch Weight | 452 lbs |
Dry Weight | 3360 lbs | Cargo Capacity | 1092 lbs |
Fresh Water Capacity | 31 gals | Grey Water Capacity | 30 gals |
Black Water Capacity | 30 gals | Tire Size | 15" |
Furnace BTU | 20000 btu | Available Beds | Murphy |
Refrigerator Type | 12V | Cooktop Burners | 3 |
Number of Awnings | 1 | LP Tank Capacity | 20 lbs |
Water Heater Type | Quick Recovery Gas/Electric | AC BTU | 13500 btu |
TV Info | LR 12V TV | Awning Info | 14' Power |
Axle Count | 1 | Number of LP Tanks | 2 |
Shower Type | Standard | VIN | 5ZT2FSJC6P3030896 |
Forest River Flagstaff E-Pro travel trailer E19FDS highlights:
- Murphy Bed/Sofa Combo
- Single Slide
- Rear Bathroom
- Large Dinette Window
- Outside Griddle
Camp with your favorite person in this trailer with the versatile Murphy bed/sofa combo up front giving you both a living area and a bedroom when you so choose. If you need sleeping space for one more, the dinette will provide that once easily setup. The large window gives you great views while dining or playing games, and the front windshield gives you more views. There is extra floor space in this trailer with the kitchen slide out that offers full amenities plus a sink to keep everything clean. And the full-length rear bathroom offers a spacious area to change your clothes in privacy and get cleaned up in the large shower.
With any Flagstaff E-Pro travel trailer or toy hauler by Forest River, you will experience lightweight towing, style and features that will meet your needs, plus amenities that give you more than you expected! Built with interior and exterior Azdel construction, tongue and grove plywood flooring, and a vacuum laminated roof and walls, plus torsion axle, Rubber-Ryde suspension, and a tire pressure monitoring system for safety while traveling. And the 190-watt roof mount solar panel with 1,000-watt inverter will allow you to stay off-grid if you like. The interior offers a comfortable environment with the choice to use the air conditioner or furnace, and an AM/FM stereo with Bluetooth and USB will allow you to listen to your favorite tunes and keep your cell phone charged. Make your selection today!
Standard Features (2023)
- 4 Frame Mounted Stabilizer Jacks (Only 2 on 12SRK)
- Fold Out Entry Steps (N/A 12SRK)
- Roof Ladder (N/A 12SRK, 19FBTH)
- Magnetic Baggage Door Catches
- Outside Shower
- Front Windshield (N/A 12SRK, 15TB)
- Teton All In One Wi-Fi Booster/LTE Prep & Antenna
- Outside Griddle with LP Hookup
- (2) 20# LP Tanks
- Ground Solar Prep
- Outside Speaker (N/A 12SRK)
- 190 Watt Roof Mount Solar Panel w/ 1000 Watt Inverter
- Power Awning (N/A 12SRK)
- Polished Alloy Wheels
- Tinted Bonded Frameless Windows
- Heated Holding Tanks (N/A 12SRK)
- Aluminum Cage Dinette Bases & Beds
- 6 Sided Aluminum Cage Construction
- Vacuum Laminated Roof and Walls
- 5/8" Tongue and Groove Plywood Flooring
- Interior & Exterior Azdel Construction
- Torsion Axle, Rubber-Ryde Suspension
- Tire Pressure Monitoring System
- Pre Wired for Backup Camera (N/A 12SRK)
- Spare Tire w/ Carrier
- 15" Mud Rover Radial Tires and Lift Kit (Step extension on the 12SRK)
- Power Tongue Jack
- 13,500 Roof A/C
- AM/FM Stereo w/ Bluetooth and USB
- 12 Volt TV w/ DVD Player
- Roller Shades
- 20,000 BTU Furnace
- Recessed Cooktop w/ Flush Mount Cover (N/A 12SRK )
- 12V Refrigerator
- Microwave
- Maxxair® Ventilation Fan and Vent Cover (Opt. 12SRK; Std. all others, *In living room on 15TB)
- Quick Recovery Gas/Electric Water Heater
- Shower Miser Water Saver (N/A 12SRK)
- Black Tank Flush (N/A 12SRK,15TB)
- 360 Siphon Cap on Black Tank (N/A 12SRK)
- Foot Flush Toilets (N/A 12SRK)
Package A
- Dexter Torsion Axles w/Aluminum Wheels
- All In One Teton HD TV/WiFi/AM/FM Antenna (LTE Prep)
- Shower Miser Water Saver (N/A 12SRK)
- 190W Roof Mount Solar Panel (100W 12SRK)
- Bluetooth System Control Panel
- Spare Tire
- Hidden Hinge Cabinet Doors (N/A 12SRK)
- Microwave Oven
- Stereo & DVD Player
- 13,500 BTU Low Profile A/C
- Sport Tire and Wheel Package
- 12V TV w/ DVD Player
- Key Alike Door & Compartment Locks
- Roller Shades
- Power Awning (Manual Thule 12SRK)
- Frameless Windows
- 1000W Inverter Power
- Tire Pressure Monitoring System
- Ladder
- Power Tongue Jack
- Gas Griddle
- 20,000 BTU Furnace
- 12 V Refrigerator
- Heated Holding Tanks (N/A 12SRK)
- Outside Speaker (NA 12SRK)
Optional Power Package (19FDS, 20BHS, 19FBTH, 20FBS ONLY)
- 400AH Single Mastervolt MLI Lithium-Ion Battery w/ Safety Disconnect
- 3KW (3000 Watts)/160A Inverter/Charger Mastervolt Combimaster
- Three - 190W Solar Panels (570 Watts) to Maintain/Charge Battery Bank
- 11,000 BTU Coleman Mach Soft Start A/C
- Side Solar Plug In Standard for Portable Solar Option
- Two Smart Remotes - Offering Monitoring and Control for the System
- Gas Oven (19BH, 19FB, 19FBS, 19FD, 20BHS, 19FBTH, 20FBS)
- Convection Microwave (N/A 12SRK)
- ProRac Mounting Bars (Only 12SRK)
- ProRac Mounting Bars w/ Removable Ladder (N/A 12SRK)
- MORryde AirGlide Suspension (19FBTH Only)
- 2nd 190W Roof Solar Panel
- Tongue Mount Bike Rack
- Maxxair® Ventilation Fan and Vent Cover (Opt. 12SRK; Std. all others)
See us for a complete list of features and available options!
All standard features and specifications are subject to change.
All warranty info is typically reserved for new units and is subject to specific terms and conditions. See us for more details.
Due to the current environment, our features and options are subject to change due to material availability.
Save your favorite RVs as you browse. Begin with this one!
Sky River RV is not responsible for any misprints, typos, or errors found in our website pages. Any price listed excludes sales tax, registration tags, and delivery fees. Manufacturer pictures, specifications, and features may be used in place of actual units on our lot. Please contact us @805-463-1838 for availability as our inventory changes rapidly. All calculated payments are an estimate only and do not constitute a commitment that financing or a specific interest rate or term is available.
Manufacturer and/or stock photographs may be used and may not be representative of the particular unit being viewed. Where an image has a stock image indicator, please confirm specific unit details with your dealer representative.


text:
These are pre releases of the Express Edition and have not gone through the same level of testing and care as formal releases of the software. They do however include any bug fixes and feature enhancements that have been added since the last formal release.
Download the nightly build for 13 October 2016
When is the next nightly build available?
The next nightly should be available in approximately 5 hours and 57 minutes.
Are you a customer?
Customers can download commercial nightly builds from their account page in the store.
Previous installations?
If you are using a current release please ensure that you uninstall the existing product before installing this nightly build.


text:
Running Bitbucket Server with a dedicated user
For production installations, we recommend that you create a new dedicated user that will run Bitbucket Server on your system. This user:
- Should be local.
- Should not have admin privileges.
- Should be a non-privileged user with read, write, modify and execute access (called "Full control" permission on Windows) on the Bitbucket Server install directory and home directory.
Note that, on Windows, running Bitbucket Server (whether as a service, or not) as a user that is part of the Administrator group can cause Windows to spend a lot of time running permission checks, with a consequent performance impairment for Git operations.
See also Running Bitbucket Server as a Windows service and Run Bitbucket as a Linux service.
For Linux, here is an example of how to create a dedicated user to run Bitbucket Server:
$ sudo /usr/sbin/useradd --create-home --home-dir /opt/atlassian/bitbucket --shell /bin/bash atlbitbucket
On Windows, the user must be a member of the Performance Monitor Users group.


text:
I realize that the API is frozen, hence tagging this as support rather than feature-request or bug - I'm irritated about the two routes /badges/name and /badges/tags:
- They seem to simply filter down what's available via /badges anyway? Aside from the option to filter /badges client side via a lookup for "tag_based" (as argued/suggested by Kevin for another case), the API is using query parameters rather than paths elsewhere for (simple) filter operations on a resource collection like this (and correctly so, from a RESTful perspective).
- Even if desired, 'name' is singular were 'tags' is plural, which seems odd to me (might as well be a non native speaker issue though ;)
Has this asymmetric design been chosen deliberately and are there any insights into the decision available in case? Am I missing a use case one should know about when using these routes?


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This is my Easter Bread. Use moist raisins. If your raisins are dry, soak them in boiling water for 5-10 minutes, then drain and blot. Have all your ingredients at room temperature and ALWAYS AERATE YOUR FLOUR BEFORE MEASURING. - Jenny Jones
- 2 cups bread flour (all purpose flour works too)
- 1 packet (2 tsp/7 gm) yeast - instant or active dry
- 1/4 cup sugar
- 1/2 teaspoon salt
- 3/4 cup milk (reduced fat or whole milk) heated to 120-130° F for instant yeast (or 110-120°F for active dry)
- 3 Tablespoons vegetable oil (I use avocado oil)
- 1 egg
- 1 cup moist golden raisins (I use Sun-Maid)
- 1/4 – 1/2 cup additional flour
- 2 Tablespoons softened butter or transfat-free margarine
- 1/4 cup brown sugar
- 1 Tablespoon cinnamon
- Egg wash: 1 egg yolk + 1 teaspoon water
- Glaze: 1 cup powdered sugar + about 2 Tablespoons milk
- Combine flour, yeast, sugar & salt in a mixing bowl.
- Add warm milk followed by oil and egg.
- Beat with electric mixer on medium-high for 2 minutes.
- Stir in raisins and enough flour to form a mass.
- Transfer to a floured surface and knead 100 turns (2 minutes).
- Cover dough and let it rest for 10 minutes.
- Meantime, line a baking sheet with parchment paper and combine brown sugar & cinnamon in a bowl.
- Roll dough into 9 x 12-inch rectangle. Cut into three 3 x 12-inch strips.
- Spread butter down the center of each strip. Top the butter with narrow rows of the brown sugar mix, keeping away from the edges.
- Pinch the strips closed, moistening the long edges if needed to stick. Go over sealed edges with floured hands to make three sealed ropes with filling inside.
- Form into a braid, tucking in edges. Place on baking sheet. Cover with a towel and let rise in a warm spot for 1 to 1 1/2 hours 'til double in size.
- Brush loaf with egg wash. Bake in preheated oven at 375° F for 25 minutes. If needed, cover with a foil tent the last 10 minutes to prevent over-browning.
- Let rest 10 minutes and top with glaze.


text:
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Thu, May 11
|FBC Fellowship Hall
Men's Group
FBC's weekly bible study for men of all ages.
Time & Location
6 more dates
May 11, 2023, 6:30 AM – 7:30 AM
FBC Fellowship Hall, 38141 Russell Blvd, Davis, CA 95616, USA
About the Event
All men are welcome to join us for our weekly men's group on Thursday mornings in the Fellowship Hall at FBC. We've got Coffee!
We gather together with 1 Corintians 16:13-14 as our guide: "Be on your guard, stand firm in the faith, live like men, be strong. Let everything that you do be done in love."
- Be on your guard - linking arms to stay alert to ways that evil diminishes our lives
- Stand firm in the faith - wrestling with truth and helping each other stay focused on Jesus
- Be strong - not in a machismo way but in the Jesus way of humble passion for building others up
- Everything done in love - rising to the greatest invitation and challenge in the world
No RSVP is needed. For more information, please contact Neil: email@example.com
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text: The Temptation of Jesus 1Then Jesus was led up by the Spirit into the wilderness to be tempted by the devil. 2And after fasting forty days and forty nights, he was hungry. 3And the tempter came and said to him, "If you are the Son of God, command these stones to become loaves of bread." 4But he answered, "It is written, "'Man shall not live by bread alone, 5Then the devil took him to the holy city and set him on the pinnacle of the temple 6and said to him, "If you are the Son of God, throw yourself down, for it is written, "'He will command his angels concerning you,' and "'On their hands they will bear you up, 7Jesus said to him, "Again it is written, 'You shall not put the Lord your God to the test.'" 8Again, the devil took him to a very high mountain and showed him all the kingdoms of the world and their glory. 9And he said to him, "All these I will give you, if you will fall down and worship me." 10Then Jesus said to him, "Be gone, Satan! For it is written, "'You shall worship the Lord your God 11Then the devil left him, and behold, angels came and were ministering to him. Jesus Begins His Ministry 12Now when he heard that John had been arrested, he withdrew into Galilee. 13And leaving Nazareth he went and lived in Capernaum by the sea, in the territory of Zebulun and Naphtali, 14so that what was spoken by the prophet Isaiah might be fulfilled: 15"The land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali, 17From that time Jesus began to preach, saying, "Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand."a Jesus Calls the First Disciples 18While walking by the Sea of Galilee, he saw two brothers, Simon (who is called Peter) and Andrew his brother, casting a net into the sea, for they were fishermen. 19And he said to them, "Follow me, and I will make you fishers of men."b 20Immediately they left their nets and followed him. 21And going on from there he saw two other brothers, James the son of Zebedee and John his brother, in the boat with Zebedee their father, mending their nets, and he called them. 22Immediately they left the boat and their father and followed him. Jesus Ministers to Great Crowds 23And he went throughout all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues and proclaiming the gospel of the kingdom and healing every disease and every affliction among the people. 24So his fame spread throughout all Syria, and they brought him all the sick, those afflicted with various diseases and pains, those oppressed by demons, those having seizures, and paralytics, and he healed them. 25And great crowds followed him from Galilee and the Decapolis, and from Jerusalem and Judea, and from beyond the Jordan. Footnotes: a 17 Or the kingdom of heaven has come near b 19 The Greek word anthropoi refers here to both men and women ESV Text Edition® (2016). The ESV® Bible (The Holy Bible, English Standard Version®) copyright © 2001 by Crossway Bibles, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers. The ESV® text has been reproduced in cooperation with and by permission of Good News Publishers. Unauthorized reproduction of this publication is prohibited. All rights reserved. The ESV® Bible (The Holy Bible, English Standard Version®) is adapted from the Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyright Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U.S.A. All rights reserved. Bible Hub |


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EsauritoAuthor: Working group "Parlar (e scriver) rabies" - Speaking (and writing) rabies Publisher: Smallcodes The first dictionary of Rabbi's language (TN) - With Italian-Rabbiese index Produced by the working group "Parlar (e scriver) rabies" of the Don Sandro Svaizer Association - edited by Vittorio dell'Aquila - Promoted by Comün da Rabi
Fairytale book in sappadino Translated by: Cristina Kratter Drawings: Cristina Pocchiesa Cno Edited by Marcella Benedetti A beautiful color book that contains the most famous children's fairy tales of all time, translated into the Germanic language variety of Sappada / Plodn (BL). The book also contains the CD with the reading of the eight fairy tales.
Authors: Giulia Camminada, Marco Fioroni, Francesca Gilardoni Publisher: CELE - Centrde d'Etudes Linguistique pour l'Europe The first dictionary of the spoken language in Barni, in the province of Como - edited by Gabriele Iannàccaro and Vittorio dell'Aquila. Promoted by the Province of Como, Department of Culture
Made by Andrea Nicolussi Golo and Gisella Nicolussi With the scientific introduction of Luca Panieri The first dictionary of the Cimbrian of Luserna (TN) - Created by Andrea Nicolussi Golo and Gisella Nicolussi of the Kulturinstitut of Luserna, with the scientific introduction of Luca Panieri. The dictionary is the result of more than five years of work by the team and represents a fundamental tool for the recovery and knowledge of ancient terms, sometimes dormant in memory, and to encourage and encourage the production of written in Cimbrian.


text:
Dec 30, 2007
This Week: Christmas at the Barron's was great, there's a guitar hero inside Katherine. The My First Bat-mobile is the greatest toy ever (buy 2). Mac FINALLY sees BSG Razor, talks up A Boy's Book, and starts taking in all these new SQPN shows. One listener almost sprays his new iMac, we briefly look at the Feast of the...
Dec 23, 2007
This Week: It's been a busy week, Mac's throat is almost back to
normal, Katherine has a big slice of "Waitress" pie, we don't read
from your emails (because we didn't get any), and we pause to talk
about pausing to reflect on the season.
Let us hear from you: firstname.lastname@example.com
Please give to SQPN or...
Dec 17, 2007
This Week: Week two of our Gevalia Christmas movie quote givaway, Mac's gargles cayenne and water every 15 minutes, Kat's memory is fading fast, we "review" I Am Legend, read from your email, tell you why that one candle on the advent calendar is pink, and bring a cautionary tell about how petty misunderstandings can...
Dec 10, 2007
This Week: Coming just two days after our last show, we try to get
back on track and ustream with 14 viewers!!! Kat guest stars on the
Dave Ramsey Show, and we announce our Gevalia giveaway contest. We
read from your emails and ask for Catholic Stuff topics.
Please consider giving to the SQPN/RA fund drive.
Let us hear...
Dec 8, 2007
This Week: We're not pod-fading! Mac rediscovers the joys of scabs, get your man slippers for Christmas, Katherine consumes Smallville like she's on red Kryptonite, the Maniacal Rage podcast will make various fluids shoot from your nose. We heard from many of you on abortion and on Catholic school. Finally, don't wonder...