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BC Racing BR SERIES Coilovers – Alfa Romeo Giulia (No DDC)
WE RECOMMEND RS 10/7kg.mm
This is the kit we recommend for the best balance of performance and comfort, designed by the factory to have the best overall compromise of spring rate, ride height range, top mount design and damping rate to suit the majority of car owners.
It is more than capable of dealing with fast road and track work but also retains a high degree ride civility so the car can still be used for mundane duties and long journeys without the ride becoming tiring.
Will fit 2015 onwards models with No DDC
Please Note: Due to the product being made to order, delays may occur. We will contact you directly if an extended lead time (14+ days) is unavoidable
Pillowball upper mount
Camber adjustable top mounts *
Aluminium top plates
30 way adjustable damping
Adjustable spring platform
Height adjustment via bottom mount to retain full damper travel
Bearing mounted upper front spring platform
Dust boot to protect damper seals
* Some features are dependent on model
About BR Series
The BR series coilovers use a large 46mm diameter piston in a 53mm diameter damper body to maximise oil capacity.
As the damper unit operates the oil contained within heats up. The viscosity of oil changes as its temperature varies which can lead to changes in the damping characteristic of the unit.
BC Racing only use a very high quality oil with their coilovers but go that extra mile to maximise performance and build their BR range with a large 53mm diameter damper body. This increases the capacity of the unit which increases the volume of oil contained which in turn reduces the peak temperature and so significantly improves damper performance.
Within the BR Series there are various variants, what's the difference?
RH – Supplied with aluminium front and rear top mounts with pillowball centres
RA – Supplied with aluminium front top mounts with pillowball centres and aluminium rear top mounts with rubber centres or no top mounts
RS – Supplied with aluminium front top mounts with rubber centres and aluminium rear top mounts with rubber centres or no rear top mounts
General Information
Corner weight adjustment
The lower spring platform of the BC Racing coilovers are adjustable. This allows the car to be set up for corner weighting to achieve perfect balance and ensures that maximum tyre efficiency is achieved.
The car needs to be placing equal weight on each tyre on an axle so both front tyres need to be taking equal loading as do both rears. This makes sure that both tyres are doing their equal share of work when cornering which increases overall grip, maximises corner speed and reduces lap times.
Optional assister springs can be purchased to allow wheel droop to be dialled into the unit to suit specific needs.
Ride height adjustment
Ride height is determined by the position of the coilover bottom mount. The mount can be wound up and down the damper body to give a full range of adjustment.
Because ride height is determined by an adjustable bottom mount rather than spring platform you retain full damper travel regardless of the ride height run.
Damping adjustment
BR coilovers feature 30 way damping adjustment that combines both rebound and compression in one adjuster for simplicity and ease of use. This adjustable facility allows you to fine tune the vehicle to meet the relevant conditions.
By tweaking front and rear damping you can adjust the way the car handles. Increasing damping force on the rear relative to the front, for example, will start moving the vehicle into a more oversteer orientated stance.
If you want to go drag racing in a rear wheel drive car then you want the back of the car to squat off the line to maximise weight transfer to the rear and therefore onto the rear tyres. This maximises traction and helps prevent wheel spin. To achieve this you would soften the rear dampers to allow faster compression. If you had the rear dampers set to hard, as you might run the car on a race track, then the car would be less inclined to squat so traction would be reduced.
Conversely, if you want to go drifting and are finding it hard to break traction and are having problems with understeer then making the rear dampers harder will help reduce traction whilst making the front dampers softer will give greater front traction. This will make the rear of the car looser whilst minimising understeer thus altering the vehicles handling characteristics more towards drift than drag, road or track.
Pillowball (rose joint) upper mount
Many of the BC Racing BR coilovers come with pillowball upper mounts. The mount itself is made from aluminium alloy, anodised and then bead blasted to give a high quality, durable finish.
The pillowballs themselves are of Japanese manufacture and their solid nature eliminates any flex or play associated with the standard rubber mounts so improving response and handling.
Camber adjustment
If it's possible to include camber adjustment on your vehicle then the BC Racing coilovers automatically include camber adjustable aluminium pillowball top mounts. These feature the same high quality Japanese manufactured pillowball but give the added benefit of an adjustable top mount that allows camber to be set to suit your needs be it road, track or drift.
Corrosion protection
The damper units are black chromed steel to give superb durability even through the darkest of European winters. The aluminium components (top mounts, locking collars etc) are anodised and the steel lower mounts go through an electrophoretic disposition process followed by powder coating. A random selection of steel components (brackets, dampers, screws etc) are put through a salt spray test once a month to check the quality of the protective processes and that anti corrosive properties are kept at the highest possible standard.
High quality coil springs
BC Racing coilovers only use the highest quality steel for their spring manufacturer. They are produced from SAE9254 high strength durable cold wound steel.
The springs are compression tested through over 500,000 cycles with less that 5% deformation.
Patented concave lower locking collar
Coilovers use a locking collar to prevent the bottom mount becoming loose. If the bottom mount becomes loose then the damper body can work its way down into the bottom mount so reducing ride height on that one corner which can lead to dangerous handling characteristics. This is a very common problem for coilovers in general. BC Racing utilise an innovative and patented designed lower locking collar with a bevelled edge that seats into a corresponding bevel in the coilover bottom mount. This vastly increases the surface area that the locking collar works on and so prevents the common and dangerous problem of the locking collars working loose.
High quality oil
BC Racing dampers use a sophisticated shim stack design and high quality oil to consistently control the compression and rebound speed of the damper rod even under the most extreme conditions.
As the vehicles travels over rough ground the compression and rebound motion of the damper rod heats the oil. Poor quality dampers use cheap oil whose characteristics alter with varying temperatures. It's vital that high quality oil is used that can maintain consistent viscosity under a wide temperature operating range. Once the oil start to degrade, its properties change leading to damping changes leading to changes in the vehicles handling characteristics.
BC Racing ensures that only high quality oil is used so that damping rates are maintained not only for the moment in hand (i.e. whilst out for a back road blast on or track) but that long term longevity is maximised with oil that doesn't degrade quickly over time thus extending the dampers operating life significantly.
Nitrogen pressurised dampers
When you work a damper hard on track or on high speed bumpy roads you can cause the oil to aerate and cavitation can occur. This causes foaming which effectively reduces the oils viscosity and so reduces the units damping effect. High quality oil goes a long way to help reduce this problem but BC Racing go one step further and pressurise the dampers with nitrogen. The nitrogen exerts a pressure on a floating piston which in turn exerts a permanent pressure on the oil dramatically reducing aeration and so improving the consistency and quality of the damping. The pressurised nitrogen also adds an additional element of effective spring rate to the damper unit.
Bearing mounted upper spring platform
Because the spring twists as it compresses it is very important to minimise stiction between the spring and its seats. If this tension is not relieved then spring binding can occur leading to the spring rate effectively altering slightly as the spring compresses and extends. The tension generated can lead to rapid deterioration of the spring pearches and in extreme cases can cause the spring platform and locking collars to loosen. This can lead to the platform and locking collars 'walking' down the damper resulting in un even ride height and danger of the spring dislocating under full damper extension.
The friction between spring and seats also has an effect on steering effort as the springs are physically turned with the wheels. This introduces additional unnecessary friction into the steering system which has a knock on detrimental effect on the vehicles handling characteristics.
The bearing mounted upper spring platform is one of BC Racings innovative designs. By vastly reducing stiction between the spring and its seats the BC Racing units avoid the above problems thus improving the efficiency of the steering system and allowing the spring and damper to work as designed.


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Who is teaching all of these additional courses?, you ask. Well, here we go: The Economics Department is pleased to welcome two visiting professors, M. Taylor Rhodes and Satis Devkota, for the 2013-14 academic year.
Professor M. Taylor Rhodes hails from Charlotte, North Carolina, where he completed his doctorate in economics at UNC Greensboro in the Spring of 2013. Other stops along the way include the University of Virginia and Penn State. At Lawrence, he is teaching introductory macroeconomics (Fall and Spring), advanced topics in Sports Economics (Winter), and labor economics (Fall). He has an active research agenda in applied microeconomics, including local economic policies, topics in sports economics, and the introduction of new beer brands in the US beer industry. He has four years of teaching experience, both in the classroom and online. In his spare time (?) he is something of a computer jock — listing his hobbies as desktop Linux, open source software and network and cloud computing. His aspirations for the year include the creation of his own cloud.
Professor Satis Devkota, completed his doctorate at Wayne State University in 2012, focusing on Health Economics and Comparative Health System. This year he will be teaching development economics (Fall and Spring), two sections of econometrics (Winter), and international trade (Spring). He also has an active research agenda in applied microeconomics focusing on health economics (sustainable policy, comparative effectiveness and health care disparity), education economics (socio-economic determinants of disparity in education and access to schooling), development economics (farmer's productivity, inequality and poverty) and international trade (exchange rate and trade). He has more than 12 years of teaching experience at the collegiate level, including a stint teaching MBAs this past year as a visiting professor at the University of South Dakota.
And, of course, the indefatigable Professor Gary Vaughan will be back this year with an expanded role for the innovation & entrepreneurship program. Once again he will be teaching sections of financial accounting (ECON 170) in the Fall and Spring, as well as playing a role in the entrepreneurship courses (ECON 180 and ECON 211). In addition, he will be offering a follow-up to his financial accounting course, Topics in Finance (ECON 295) in the Winter term. Professor Vaughn is the founder and runs Guident Business Solutions in Appleton, and sits on the board of several organizations, including Board of Advisor member to College of Buisness and Legal Studies at Concordia University and the Self Employment in the Arts (SEA) Organization.
Welcome to Professors Rhodes and Devkota and welcome back to Professor Vaughn. We hope to have a welcome Econ Tea in the next week or two.

subset: commoncrawl


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$ 25.00 $ 80.00
Our ladies Malin zip front sun shirt, in a geometric print with contrast solid piecing, is made with our polyester / spandex jersey fabric, which is soft, lightweight, and breathable, making it perfect layering piece for on the course or out and about.
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At Bermuda Sands Apparel, we want you to be completely satisfied with your order. We've created this return process to make your experience as easy as possible.
Bermuda Sands will accept returns of unwashed, unworn, undamaged, or defective merchandise. We will issue a refund for all unused and undamaged products returned within 30 days of purchase. However a $8.95 shipping charge will be deducted from your refund.
For items purchased through one of our authorized retailers, please work with the store directly.
Please note any items marked "Final Sale " cannot be returned or exchanged. We are unable to accept "Final Sale" items for return or exchange. Final Sale items are noted within the product details on a product page, in your cart, and also at checkout.
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The UK's most popular Sheltie forum. The perfect site for all owners of the wonderful Shetland Sheepdog. . . . house pets, health issues, agility, showing, obedience, puppies and 1, 000's of photos
dogs, shelties, shetland, sheepdog, agility, obedience, showing, love
A place to discuss, the health and welfare of Rottweilers. Share pictures and ask adviceShare, and, fantastic, news, have, debates, playing , games, general, chat,
rottie, forum, rotties, #puppies, dogs, showing, health, welfare, rottweilers, share, fantastic, news, have, debates, playing, games, general, chat, rottweiler, puppy
Dog forum, talk about dogs, dog breeds, agility, rescue, training, grooming, pictures
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Deadly Shadows Pack Website
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Nirjala Ekadashi
Nirjala Ekadashi falls on Jeth Sud 11. The vratt of Nirjala Ekadashi is described and illustrated in the Mahabharat and Padma Puran. Nirjala Ekadashi falls on Jeth Sud 11. The vratt of Nirjala Ekadashi is described and illustrated in the Mahabharat and Padma Puran.
Once Bhim inquired to Vyasji, "O Muni, My mother Kunti, all my brothers, Draupadi and all members of the family follow and keep the vratt of Ekadashi by having a full fast and abstaining from food and water on the days of Ekadashi. But O Muniraj, I cannot do such kinds of vratt because I cannot bear the pain of hunger even for a split second. O Muni, to leave alone abstaining from food the whole day is one thing, I cannot even tolerate not eating once a day. O Vyasji, please show me a way out so that I can observe the vratt of Ekadashi and could eat at the same time."
The great Acharya Vyasji replied, "O Bhim, on the day of Nirjala Ekadashi one has to go without food and water totally to keep the vratt and attain its fruits. One should not even take any kind of fruits, nuts or any kind of vegetation on this day. The vratt should commence from sunrise of this day until the sunrise of the next day. One must perform continuous devotion to God Almighty the full day and carry on to the night for jaagran. On the following day, the vratt should be completed by a morning bath and donating gold, food and water to the Brahmins.
O Bhim, pursuing the vratt of Nirjala Ekadashi gives a soul great benefit. It equates the fruits to visiting great holy pilgrims; removes the fear of Yamdutts; gives ultimate salvation. O Bhim, one must go through the pain of hunger on this vratt and control all the bodily senses and unite them with devotion to God."
After the explanation of Nirjala Ekadashi, Bhim and the rest of the Pandava's kept the vratt of Nirjala Ekadashi, with full devotion to God Almighty.


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Jail Guard Busted In Cookie For Nookie Scheme
Police: Screw, 58, bartered sweets for favors
MARCH 7--A corrections officer has been charged with providing a 22-year-old female inmate with homemade chocolate chip cookies in exchage for sexual contact, police charge.
According to a probable cause affidavit, Abner Canda--a 58-year-old guard at the county jail in Everett, Washington--engaged in several sexual interations with the inmate, who is only identified by the initials "C.D."
The woman told investigators that, "I showed him my breasts, willingly for some food" last May. After being released from the jail, she returned to the lockup in October and soon had another illicit encounter with the married Canda, who began working as a corrections officer in 2007.
Canda, the inmate said, came to her room in mid-November and "kissed me and touched my breasts and also put his hand down my pants and placed his finger inside of [my vagina]," according to the Superior Court affidavit. On a subsequent occasion, Canda performed oral sex on "C.D."
The inmate told police that, "in exchange for the aforementioned sexual favors, Defendant gave her homemade chocolate chip cookies."
"C.D." said that she decided to tell investigators about her encounters with Canda because she felt "guilty for doing what I did," adding that, "I'm ashamed for my actions that's why I'm saying something."
In light of "C.D."'s claims, detectives spoke with other female inmates, "at least two of whom suggested that they…had sexual contact" with Canda. One of the women "even claimed that she had been, in her words, 'dating' Defendant while an inmate."
Canda was charged this week with custodial sexual misconduct, a felony, for his alleged sexual encounters with "C.D." Canda has been on paid administrative leave from his jail post since January. (3 pages)


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Lesson Outline and Objective
Algebra tiles are a powerful tool for helping students make the connection between symbolic manipulation and geometrical representation using area models. In this activity, students can explore completing the square using the Polypad Algebra tiles, and get a sense of why the process is called "completing the square".
Students will understand how to move between the forms and for a quadratic expression.
Warm Up
Optional Review of Area Model of Multiplication
If your students could benefit from a review of the area model of multiplication, consider solving 27 x 15 in three different ways using this Polypad canvas:
This can also serve as a good review of multiplication of negative numbers. This Polypad canvas shows the solutions:
Spot the Squares
Start by reminding students how to expand expressions of the form using an example such as which can be represented using algebra tiles using this Polypad canvas:
Then give students this list of expressions. Can they spot which can be written as ?
Students may wish to explore using the Polypad algebra tiles to start off with, but by thinking about the structure of the squares that they make, students may be able to answer some of the questions without needing to create the diagrams. It might be worth sharing as a class any strategies that students used to help them decide whether an expression could be written as a square or not.
If your students could benefit from a reminder of equivalent expressions, consider substituting in a value for x in one of the solutions above to show that the two expressions are equal (at least for the chosen value of x). To show this visually on Polypad, you could use the pen tool and the algebra tiles to show this check for :
Main Activity
Share this Polypad canvas and allow students time to work on forming squares with the tiles provided:
After giving students some time to work,, discuss the algebraic representations of their findings.
In the first example, , there will be tiles left over:
Discuss with students that this pictures shows that by itself cannot equal a square. comes close to equalling , but there were four leftover from the 8. So,
For the second example, , there will be gaps that need to be filled:
One way to manage filling in the gap is to add pairs of 1 and -1 tiles (which keeps the expression the same), giving:
This shows that .
You can show your students that the +1 and -1 tiles cancel out to make 0's by dragging them on top of each other. This shows that you're not changing the value of the expression on the canvas:
Now, take apart the 0 tiles and move use some of them to create a square:
Conclude that
Given the ease of adding tiles to the canvas, some students may think just adding 7 tiles to the diagram "completes the square." So, they may incorrectly go from the first image below to the second image:
Clarify with students that the first picture represents and the second picture represents . Show that these are NOT equivalent by asking students for a value of x. Use that value of x to evaluate each expression. Discuss how adding 7 to the diagram was changing the value of the expression. In order to add 7 of the 1 tiles without changing the overall value of the expression, we must also subtract 7 (or add 7 of the -1 tiles) so the overall impact is 0.
Now give students some time to explore completing the square. Here are some expressions they could try:
The first is chosen to be similar to the examples they have already seen. The second has a negative constant term, and the third introduces a negative coefficient of x so they will need to think carefully about positive and negative numbers. The fourth would require cutting up the algebra tiles as the coefficient of x is odd, so this could be a good focus for discussion at the end of the lesson.
Students who have already learned how to factorize quadratics will know that not every quadratic can be factorized, so it's worth taking the time to discuss that it is always possible to express a quadratic expression of the form in the form , although p and q will not necessarily by whole numbers, as seen in the fourth example.
Towards the end of the lesson, it may be worthwhile to take some time to use a graphing program or graphing calculators to plot the graphs for all the examples ( , and so on). Doing so can help explore the relationship between the coordinates of the vertex of the parabola and the values of p and q in the completed square form of each expression.
Possible Solutions
As this last example uses fractions, students can't represent it directly using algebra tiles but may wish to annotate using the pen tool to show the parts of their answer:
Support and Extension
Completing the square is considered a tricky topic. Using the algebra tiles can really help to make it more concrete, so the best way to support students who are struggling is to give them lots of time to become familiar with algebra tiles, perhaps by exploring expansion and factorizing before moving on to completing the square. It is worth spending plenty of time on squaring brackets so that completing the square feels like just one more step – trying to make a square from the and the pieces and then seeing what must be added or taken away to complete the square!
A nice extension to this activity is to invite students to think about how they could use completing the square to help them solve quadratic equations. As with all explorations of quadratics, it is worthwhile to encourage students to move between algebraic and graphical representations and inviting them to explain any relationships they notice so that they start to develop a better understanding of how features of an algebraic representation relate to features of the graph.


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Chronicler, born at Constantinople, about 758; died in Samothracia, probably 12 March, 817, on which day he is commemorated in the Roman Martyrology. He was the son of Isaac, imperial governor of the islands of the White Sea, and of Theodora, of whose family nothing is known. After the early death of his parents he came to the Court of Constantine Copronimus. He was married at the age of twelve, but induced his wife to lead a life of virginity, and in 799, after the death of his father-in-law, they separated with mutual consent to embrace the religious state, she choosing a convent on an island near Constantinople, while he entered the monastery called Polychronius in the district of Sigriano near Cyzicus. Later he built a monastery on his own lands on the island of Calonymus (now Calomio). After six years he returned to Sigriano, founded an abbey known by the name "of the great acre", and governed it as abbot. As such he was present at the second General Council of Nicaea, 787, and signed its decrees in defense of the sacred images. When the emperor Leo the Armenian again began his iconoclastic warfare, he ordered Theophanes to be brought to Constantinople and tried in vain to induce him to condemn what had been sanctioned by the council. Theophanes was cast into prison and for two years suffered cruel treatment; he was then banished to Samothracia, where, overwhelmed with afflictions, he lived only seventeen days and wrought many miracles after death.
At the urgent request of his friend George Syncellus (d. 810), Theophanes undertook the continuation of his chronicle, during the years 810-15 (P. G., CVIII, 55). He treated of the time from the year 284-813, and made use of material already prepared by Syncellus, probably also the extracts from the works of Socrates, Sozomenus, and Theodoret, made by Theodore Lector, and the city chronicle of Constantinople. The work consists of two parts, the first giving the history, arranged according to years, the other containing chronological tables, full of inaccuracies, and therefore of little value. It seems that Theophanes had only prepared the tables, leaving vacant spaces for the proper dates, but that these had been filled out by someone else (Hurter, "Nomencl." I, Innsbruck, 1903, 735). The first part, though lacking in historical precision and criticism, which could scarcely be expected from a man of such ascetical disposition, greatly surpasses the majority of Byzantine chronicles (Krumbacher, "Gesch. der byz. Litt., 1897, 342). The chronicle was edited at Paris in 1655 by Goar; again at Venice in 1729 with annotations and corrections by Combefis. A Latin version was made by Anastasius Bibliothecarius, and both were ably edited by de Boor (Leipzig, 1883).
(Taken From Catholic Encyclopedia)


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Robin Good: Many content curation tools promise to make your content publishing job easier, faster and better. But is it really so? Does less work and more automated aggregation/filtering guarantee a higher quality result?
Christa Carone writes on Fast Company: "New content curation tools make automating the job easier--but easy may not always be as effective.
It would be a mistake to let algorithms do the entire job for you. No one knows your audience like you do.
And, keeping the human touch in the process is more real, which is really important to today's info-overloaded consumer."
Yes, the human touch. Not the human click to rapidly share, repost or reblog. The human touch as in the act of adding value in ways that go beyond being someone who passes on interesting items.
And to achieve that, someone needs to manually stop, research, read, check and contribute something of value. it doesn't happen automatically.
"The companies that are truly winning over audiences and driving consumers are the ones that are experimenting with a balance of automated aggregation and human-directed curation.
It's a process of out-sourcing and in-sourcing.
I've been following Intel's approach. It recently launched iQ, an employee-curated digital magazine created to connect with a younger audience and share with them the bigger, living brand story.
Not only does the site provide original stories about tech, it also aggregates top tech stories from other sites that Intel's audience will find interesting... all closely watched by editor-in-chief Bryan Rhoades, who spurs conversations by judiciously placing some stories on the iQ homepage.
NASCAR, too, is experimenting in this space. A partnership with Twitter includes a site that compiles #NASCAR-related tweets from popular drivers, who send 140-character blasts from the track or wherever they may be-- along with those from sports writers and other industry folks.
They pull it off by using a search algorithm and human editors who understand narrative---and appropriate content."
Rightful. 7/10
Full article: http://www.fastcompany.com/1841964/the-content-conundrum-to-create-or-automate


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Why tackling inequality and hunger should be at the heart of low carbon development in South Africa
How can low carbon development be pursued without making inequality and food insecurity worse?
South Africa, like many middle income countries, faces the challenge of how to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the context of high levels of inequality and persistent hunger and malnutrition. Prices are already high, and rising, and force too many people to choose between using scarce household budgets for food or for energy.
This Oxfam discussion paper considers how putting action on inequality and hunger at the heart of the low carbon development agenda in South Africa could also help to mobilize new constituencies of political support for low carbon action, which could be critical if vested interests in the carbon-based, energy-intensive economy are to be overcome.


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First contact resolution
Cost decrease per contact with Zendesk
Customer Since
Products Used
The experience of purchasing a telco package, anywhere around the globe, often has a familiar ring to it. There are the trips to crowded storefronts, where the staff attempts to sell you more than you need, followed by hidden fees and a queue on the support hotline.
A telco company that operates completely online, however, has the freedom to create an entirely different, and more satisfying, customer experience. That's just what Thailand-based LINE MOBILE set out to do: be the most-loved brand in the market. The company launched in Thailand in September 2017 with the goal of giving customers exactly what they want from their mobile experience.
As it turns out, a hassle-free experience sells. In the 8 months since its launch, LINE MOBILE has attracted a million users to its platform. The challenge became how to support new customers in the same, hassle-free way.
"Other companies heavily rely on call centers. These take a lot of time and money to set up, and you don't see the benefit very quickly," said Head of Customer Service Anuchit Khamnoi. "We wondered: what if we can deliver the same or better service, but with less investment?"
To support their growing customer base, Khamnoi considered a number of platforms, but he'd used Zendesk at previous companies and found it easy to customize, and knew that integrating Zendesk with the tools used internally, would set its service apart. He also felt confident that Zendesk would help LINE MOBILE adhere to its digital-first support strategy.
"I did a lot of research and found that trends are changing," Khamnoi said. "In order to keep the operations growing, we have to go in the digital-first direction. So far, that's proven to be right."
LINE MOBILE uses Zendesk Support and Chat for its email and chat channels, and implemented Zendesk Guide more recently, in 2018, to build out its self-service offering. Live chat, however, is the team's primary focus, as it allows agents to answer customer questions around the clock, 24/7. Agents can help multiple customers at once, and there's no time limit on conversations. As great as live chat is for the team, it's also the channel of choice for LINE MOBILE's customers. The majority of contacts are sent via chat.
"At other companies, customers have to finish the chat within 15 minutes or get kicked from the system," Khamnoi explained. "We respond fast, in less than a minute, and agents can chat for as long as they want. It's a game-changing strategy."
In addition to desktop chat support, LINE MOBILE uses Zendesk's Mobile SDK to provide chat support through the LINE MOBILE app, ensuring that customers can reach out to the company at any time for help with account, plan or billing questions. Any inquiry that's too complicated to be solved over chat is escalated to a group of email agents. Though their focus is on digital support, LINE MOBILE does still have a phone number for customers who want to reach out this way. The company is working with Aspect to leverage the Zendesk API and Zendesk Talk Partner Edition to fully integrate its phone system with Zendesk. Agents are committed to keeping the wait time under three minutes.
Khamnoi is able to train agents on Zendesk during just a half-day session, followed by some agent shadowing. After that, he said, his team can use the products on their own. The simple training process has been key to scaling the support organization, which provides support in both English and Thai. The team, still lean, includes a tier team of chat and phone agents, social media and community management, tiers 2 and 3, and managers. They must be prepared to handle rapid growth as LINE MOBILE prospects include the 30+ million users of the wildly popular LINE messaging app.
He also appreciates the reporting. Being able to track agent response times has been a huge benefit of adopting Zendesk, Khamnoi said. He finds the reports easy to generate and appreciates being able to give agents almost real-time feedback on their performance.
In this way, agents focus on improvements and their hard work pays off. The support team maintains a customer satisfaction rating above 95 percent for live chat. The comments, Khamnoi noted, are often about the speed of service.
"When we send a response, we have to wait for the customer to answer back," he explained, "so we have a space of time where we can serve a number of requests. We don't lose customers and customers feel that we're serving them well."
This is one reason why Khamnoi appreciates having an omnichannel solution in place, so that agents have insight into how volume is trending in other channels and can easily switch to lend a hand. With Zendesk, Khamnoi said, LINE MOBILE can adapt and change within in a matter of minutes. And this is the way forward.
"We consider ourselves a startup within an enterprise," he said. "Customer demands change every day, but Zendesk is a partner that can help us reveal our strengths and limitations. Operationally, our agents can understand the solution and easily use it—they can focus on the conversation."


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text:
There were more bike thefts reported in the heart of downtown Austin during the first five months of 2011, compared to 2010, according to city police records I compiled. However, reports are down in the South Congress area.
I know this because I decided to do my best Council Member Chris Riley impression — sans silver hair — and work on reducing my car usage in favor of pedal power to commute to the Capitol area. I bought a bike over the weekend, did some research and promptly shelled out another $200 for accessories, aimed mostly at anti-theft.


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6 Ways Google Ad Extensions Can Improve Your AdWords Campaign
This YouMoz entry was submitted by one of our community members. The author's views are entirely their own (excluding an unlikely case of hypnosis) and may not reflect the views of Moz.
Most PPC managers know that ad extensions allow you to show additional information on your Google AdWords ads. But only a small minority of them actually use ad extensions to their full potential.
That's a shame, because ad extensions can be powerful tools for a variety of effects, including increasing CTR, boosting conversion rate and decreasing CPA. What's more, your cost per click isn't changed by implementing them.
Using ad extensions, you can:
- Display a map with your business location(s)
- Show product images, titles and prices from your Google Merchant Center account
- Link to additional pages within your site
- List a click-to-call phone number
- Connect +1s from your Google Plus page to your ad (and vice-versa)
- Include your business' seller ratings
Enabled ad extensions can be shown to searchers any time an ad with a high quality score displays in one of the top positions above the organic search results, and Google reports that using ad extensions can increase CTR by 30% on average. With results like that, it's time to start including ad extensions in your SEM arsenal.
Read on and I'll first take you through the basic processes of setting up and monitoring ad extensions. After that, I'll give you a more detailed overview of each extension type. Finally, I'll touch on implementation and describe an example of when you should use which extensions.
Setting Up and Monitoring Your Ad Extensions
Adding ad extensions to new campaigns
To add one or more ad extensions to a new campaign, start by clicking the "New campaign" button on the Campaigns tab of your AdWords dashboard as usual. On the "Select campaign settings" page that comes up, name your campaign and choose your settings.
Below the "Bidding and budget" section is where you'll see the list of ad extensions:
Select the checkboxes there for any options you'd like to use. Google will prompt you to fill out the required information when you select an option. Note that any ad extensions you choose here, at the campaign level, will apply to all ad groups within that campaign.
As you can see in the image above, seller ratings are not represented in this list. That's because all qualifying advertisers are automatically opted in for seller ratings, in addition to any other ad extensions you select. You can opt out of seller ratings if you like, but your average CTR is likely to increase by displaying them. Ratings come from the Google Product Search aggregated data for your business, and they won't display if your average rating is under four out of five stars.
Enabling ad extensions for existing campaigns
Of course, you can also enable ad extensions for existing campaigns. To do that, click over to the "Ad extensions" tab, then click on the drop-down menu to select the type of extensions you're looking for. (In the screenshot below, the option selected is "location extensions.")
After that, click "New extension" and fill out the information as prompted.
Again, because you're setting these extensions up at the campaign level, they will apply to all your ad groups within that campaign.
Monitoring performance
The Ad extensions tab pictured above also allows you to track the performance of all the ad extensions you've activated.
For more specific setup and usage tips, keep reading and I'll take you through a more detailed look at ad extensions.
1. Location extensions: display a map with your business
There are three ways to set up your ads to display your business location(s). You can connect your Google Places account, manually add an address, or share a location ad extension from another AdWords campaign.
In the cases of the first two options, it's quite straightforward to choose either one when creating a new campaign. But if you're adding to an existing campaign, notice that there are two separate sub-headings. The "Addresses from Google Places" sub-heading option is expanded by default, so if you want to manually add an address, you'll need to collapse the Google Places option and expand the "Manually entered Addresses" option.
You can manually enter up to 100,000 business locations, earning approximately 1,000 headaches in the process. To save on the cost of ibuprofen, you can use AdWords Editor or the AdWords API for large collections of addresses.
The third (and fastest) way to set up location ad extensions is to share them between campaigns. To choose an extension to share, simply select an existing extension after clicking the "New extension" button. But make sure you only do this when it's relevant to do so--it would be easy to accidentally send potential customers to the wrong location if you aren't careful.
Advanced features
- Location extensions can also include click-to-call functionality for mobile users. Just select that option when you set up the extension, provide the phone number and check your campaign's Settings tab to make sure you're displaying your ads to mobile users.
- One of the best features of location extensions is location insertion, which is similar in functionality to keyword insertion and works by dynamically updating your business' location information (including phone number) to match the prospect's query. For more information about using location insertion, review the detailed example of using location insertion here.
- You also have the option of setting up location extensions at the ad level, giving you more granular control over how they display. For more details, see these tips from Google.
2. Product extensions: show product images, titles and pricing
To use product extensions, you must have a Google Merchant Center account. After linking the two accounts, you will manage your products through the Google Merchant Center, while you continue to manage your ads through AdWords.
Adding product extensions to an AdWords campaign is quite simple once the accounts have been linked. When you create a new text ad that you'd like to add product information to, the default option is to allow all products in the account to be displayed. This is usually a good choice, as it will allow Google to serve up images and information about the most relevant products you carry when users search for those (or related) products.
Product listing ads
You may have heard of product listing ads, which are a separate ad format that sometimes shows up next to AdWords ads in the SERPs. A different beast altogether, product listing ads are dynamically generated and are only available to limited users at this time. For more information about product listing ads, check out Google's Ad Innovations page about them.
3. Ad sitelinks: link to additional pages within your site
Following the basic instructions from the beginning of this post, setting up sitelinks is not a difficult process. Google will show up to six sitelinks, but it's a good idea to fill out all ten slots in the setup process to allow for more relevant options depending on the search query.
Remember that the basic functionality of sitelinks is that it gives users more options to click on. Therefore if there is only one specific landing page or action you'd like to direct people to, then sitelinks are probably not a good option. However, the larger footprint and variety of options afforded by sitelinks do create an attractive package, and the introduction of enhanced ad sitelinks make it even better.
Enhanced ad sitelinks
Announced recently on the AdWords blog, enhanced ad sitelinks are designed to flesh out your existing ad sitelinks with longer descriptions under each link.
These longer descriptions are pulled from other ads in the campaign, so that if your original sitelinks were set up as shown in the image above, and you have also set up these ads:
Then your ad with enhanced sitelinks might look like this:
For the time being, Google is automatically enabling enhanced sitelinks for some advertisers, when their campaigns already have sitelinks enabled and Google finds relevant content in their other ads.
4. Call extensions: list a click-to-call phone number
Setup and description
There are two ways to use call extensions in Google Adwords:
- Put your actual business phone number on the ad; or
- Enable Google forwarding numbers (US and UK only)
Putting your actual business number on the ad will allow it to display for users on mobile devices, where they can click on the number to call you directly (resulting in the same fee that a click on the ad headline would have).
Enabling forwarding numbers will not include your number, but instead a custom Google number set up to forward to your business number. This option will give you more reporting data (including for manually-dialed calls), and will allow your call extension to display not only for mobile users, but also for desktop users. Google forwarding numbers also allow you to set CPP (cost-per-phone call) bidding of $1 or more per call.
5. Social extensions: link +1s between your ads and Google Plus page
If your business has a verified Google Plus page, it's very easy to link it to your AdWords campaign using the basic setup section from the beginning of this article.
By default, Google serves up AdWords with a +1 button. Enabling the social extension simply links this +1 button to your business' Google Plus page. This way, when users +1 the ad, it counts toward your Google Plus page, and when users +1 your Google Plus page, it counts toward your ad. These +1 clicks don't count as an ad click, so they don't cost you anything.
At this point, social extensions don't directly influence your ads' rankings. But if the social credence they lend to your ads results in higher click-through rates, that can increase their quality scores and indirectly boost your ads' rankings. If your brand is already active on Google Plus, it's not a bad idea to connect your Plus page with your AdWords campaigns.
6. Seller ratings: include your business ratings
Come on, stop skimming! I already told you: all qualifying advertisers are automatically opted in for seller ratings. Don't worry, Google won't show them if your business is rated under four stars.
So, say you manage the AdWords campaign for a chain of bicycle stores in the Pacific Northwest. How do you know which ad extensions to use? You test. You create a campaign utilizing all applicable ad extensions. By the end of the testing period, you'll know which ad extension type has performed the best for your campaign. But be sure to monitor performance at the keyword and ad levels, too; you'll find that for some keywords, such as "bike stores Portland," location extensions will be great, while for "new mountain bike prices," better results might come with product extensions.
As always, perfecting your PPC strategy will be an iterative process. But in ad extensions, you have another powerful tool to increase your marketing's effectiveness. And like I said, there's no extra cost associated with trying them out. So give them a shot, or leave a comment if you're already running them, and tell me how well they're working for you.
Zach Thompson is a partner and AdWords specialist at RYP Marketing, a Roanoke, VA based firm that focuses on ebusinesses.


text: The Paint Creek Tavern Has Been Known by Many Names and Has Ties to Interurban and Railroad Days of Downtown Rochester Paint Creek Tavern—known fondly by locals as the "Paint Creek Yacht Club" or "PCYC"— has been a fixture on the banks of its namesake waterway for decades. But despite its tongue-in-cheek nickname, the business got its start not because of its proximity to water, but because of its location near the interurban and railroad lines. During the heyday of the Detroit United … [Read more...]


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- Home
- Building Advice
- Building components
- Roofs
- Roofing leadwork
Roofing leadwork
Lead is a soft, malleable and extremely resilient heavy metal, making it ideal for widespread external use in construction.
Roofing leadwork is used mainly to stop rainwater from entering junctions between roof elements and to channel water off a building. It also has decorative uses.
Lead expands and contracts as weather conditions change, and detailing must allow for this to prevent stresses forming in the lead sheet.
Regular inspections of roofing leadwork can reveal defects before they cause problems. Additional checks should be made after storms or gales: strong winds may distort leadwork or lift it from its original position, letting in water.
Other common causes of problems with roofing leadwork include chemical damage, concentrated water flow, and improper installation – all of which can lead to corrosion.
Evidence shows that lead can perform satisfactorily for more than 100 years. With proper maintenance and repairs, your roofing leadwork can effectively and reliably help to keep your roof weatherproof and watertight.
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Lead is a soft, malleable and extremely resilient heavy metal, making it ideal for widespread external use in construction. Lead sheet comes in different thicknesses and weights (codes) for different functions.
Roofing leadwork is used mainly to:
- stop rainwater from entering complex junctions that would otherwise be very difficult to keep weatherproof
- channel rainwater off a building and dispose of it elsewhere
Lead is one of the most durable metals used in building. Evidence shows that it can perform satisfactorily for more than 100 years. The thicker the lead sheet, the more durable it will be.
Detailing must allow for the lead to expand and contract as weather conditions change.
Freshly cut lead has a bluish white colour, but patination oil is normally applied. Exposure to the air causes a reaction that turns the lead a dull grey and produces in it a natural resistance to corrosion.
Applications and uses
Roofing leadwork is likely to be found on many traditional buildings in Scotland.
Leadwork may be used for:
- access hatch covers and roof lights
- flashings – whether apron, chimney, cover, dormer or gable
- bay windows
- flat roofs
- parapet gutter lining and parapet wall capping
- rainwater downpipes and outlets
- roof ridges and roof hips
- valley gutters and secret gutters
- vertical cladding
- weatherproofing cornices
Lead can be used decoratively as well as for this very wide range of functions. Its malleable qualities mean that it can be easily worked into architectural features such as scalloped detailing, raised bosses and ball finial decorations.
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Roofing leadwork should be checked regularly including at least once in the autumn, before winter weather sets in. This gives you the best chance of spotting – and correcting – defects before they cause problems.
Strong winds may distort leadwork or lift it from its original position, particularly if fixings are inappropriate, loose or inadequate. So you should also make extra checks after any storms or gales.
Initial inspection
Check the roof from outside, standing at ground level. Follow the line of individual roofing leadwork items to check if any areas are bent or out of place. Using binoculars will help you to see the roofing leadwork more clearly.
You should also check the internal roof space for signs of leaks, for example, staining of the roofing joinery. Such signs may not be obvious from the outside but may point to external problems with the roofing leadwork.
Note down any concerns or signs of problems to discuss with the contractor who will carry out the repair work.
Roof-level inspection
Roofing leadwork should be closely inspected for any areas of deterioration or damage.
Your contractor should look for signs of:
- movement
- distortion
- corrosion
- puncture damage
- staining or small holes – especially in areas of concentrated water flow
- cuts, rips, tears or cracking
- surface ripples and buckling – such stresses may signal restricted thermal movement
- lichen, moss and algae surface growths
- missing or loose clips and other fixings
Parapet gutters and other water outlets should also be checked for blockages, particularly in autumn.
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Common causes of problems
Common causes of problems
Common causes of problems
Roofing leadwork is at risk from chemical damage, wind lift, concentrated water flow, lead theft and improper installation.
Chemical damage
Lead resists corrosion well, but it can be damaged or stained by:
- alkalis from new cement
- acids from some timbers (oak in particular)
- the run-off from lichen, moss and algae surface growths
Temporary protection may be called for when working with cement or lime mortars near to lead. An appropriate barrier (e.g. a suitable underlay) may be necessary between lead and timber. Biological growths shouldn't be allowed to get established near lead or to build up on its surface. Patination oil gives a degree of protection.
Wind lift and distortion
Wind can lift and distort lead flashings not held securely in place. The number of clips needed to do so will depend on the size and function of the item of leadwork and how exposed its position on the building. Copper, stainless steel or lead clips should be used to avoid harmful reactions.
Roof ridges and roof hips, often made of lead, can be dislodged if the fastening or bedding fails. Thermal action can gradually lift the nails from ridges and hips and eventually such elements can be blown off.
Concentrated water flow
Lead lined parapet gutters can fail due to wear and cracking of the lead, blockages or metal theft. Large amounts of water can enter the building fabric through the wall head as a result, causing serious and progressive damage to the sarking (wooden boards). Structural damage will follow if the failure isn't corrected.
Lead valleys can be worn through by:
- the action of water
- puncture damage from falling objects
- cracking
Staining can signal areas of concentrated water flow and possible failure. Over time, staining may develop into small holes, which will let in enough water to cause timber decay to progress.
Valleys and junctions have a finite life, although suitably specified lead generally lasts much longer than zinc. A temporary repair using a suitable sealing tape or material may be appropriate.
Improper installation
Other physical defects include:
- surface ripples and creep
- rips and tears
- restricted thermal movement
- topside and underside corrosion
Some of these issues can be avoided by laying the lead sheet correctly in the first place. Large sheets of lead should be supported on smooth roof decking, with a suitable underlay placed between the lead and deck.
Underlay should:
- act as sound deafening
- allow for thermal movement
- not contain any material detrimental to lead
- provide a barrier against corrosion – e.g. from contact with timber
- provide an even support surface
- reduce the risk of trapped moisture and condensation below the lead sheet
Laying the wrong material in this position could 'glue' the layers together in hot weather, causing the lead sheet to buckle and fracture. Bituminous roofing felt must be avoided for this reason. An appropriate building paper or polyester geotextile material is preferred.
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Maintenance and repairs
Maintenance and repairs
Maintenance and repairs
Knowledge and experience is needed to correctly assess and diagnose the cause of roofing leadwork defects before carrying out any repair work.
A suitable contractor will consider:
- the overall condition of the lead
- how long it's been in place
- whether there are any inherent design faults
- whether there's any interaction between the lead and other materials or growths nearby
Patch repairs
Small cuts, rips and tears in lead parapet gutters can be temporarily repaired by applying bituminous backed foil. But a more appropriate repair might be carried out by carefully welding small patches of lead over the damaged area.
Extreme care must be taken when any hot work is carried out to avoid the risk of fire. It may be safer to carry out patch repairs off site, by carefully removing the damaged piece of lead from the roof for welding.
Parapet gutters should also be fitted with an overflow outlet. That way, if the rainwater outlet becomes blocked, pooled water can escape without flooding into the building interior.
Roofing leadwork that eventually fails can be stripped off and sold for scrap – it can then be recycled and circulated for reuse as new sheet.
Fixings and fastenings
The free edge of all lead flashing should be clipped in place to prevent lifting and distortion by the wind. Clips are usually made of copper, stainless steel or lead, to avoid harmful reactions. How many clips are used will depend on the size and function of the item of leadwork and how exposed its position on the building.
Roof ridges and roof hips, often made of lead, can be dislodged if the fastening or bedding fails.
Lead can expand and contract significantly as the weather changes. If roofing leadwork is fixed too firmly in place, stresses will result from this thermal movement. These can then lead to failure of the lead through distortion, buckling and cracking.
Detailed guidance on the optimum sizes of lead to use for different purposes is available to the construction industry. This should be followed when repair works are carried out to help ensure that the lead performs correctly afterwards.
The guidance may suggest changing the original detailing of the building to ensure that sufficient 'falls' and 'steps' are in place – as well as using the correct size of sheet – when lining parapet gutters or covering a flat roof. The fall is the incline of the lead roof: usually not very steep but enough of a drop to ensure that water runs off and doesn't pool. Steps are the little ridges over joints between lead sheets that allow for thermal expansion and contraction. The size of lead sheet that can be used without adding such steps is limited.
As lead reacts badly to some metals:
- copper or stainless steel nails should be used to secure sheets in place
- fixing screws should be brass or stainless steel
Fixings made through the sheet should be covered with lead 'dots' to stop water getting in.
Choosing a contractor
In the right hands, lead is effective, reliable and indispensable in the care of traditional buildings. But its correct use does depend on the craftsperson using it having suitable training and experience in the art of lead working.
You should seek appropriate advice if repair or replacement works are likely. Exercise caution if replacement materials such as fibreglass or vinyl are offered in the course of leadwork repairs.
Find out more about hiring a contractor.
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Common causes of problems
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Permissions for work
Permissions for work
Permissions for work
You should check whether you must first apply for planning permission or any other type of consent before making any changes to roofing leadwork. Listed building consent or conservation area consent may be needed, depending on the property and its location. Contact your planning authority to find out more.
Learn more about listed building and conservation area consent.
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Maintenance and repairs
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Lead's long history of use goes back to Roman times. It is one of the most durable metals used in construction. Evidence shows that it can perform satisfactorily for more than 100 years.
Sheet lead production
Sheet lead can be made in one of three ways:
- milling (rolled)
- sand casting
- machine casting
For most purposes, rolled sheet (milled sheet) is the form of lead usually used today. The rolling technique was first used to make sheet lead around the mid-1700s.
A block of lead is rolled between cylindrical rollers to make milled lead sheet. The rollers are gradually brought closer together until the sheet is the required thickness. Rolled milled sheet has a smooth finish on both sides and is the same thickness all over.
Sand casting
The Romans made sand cast sheets of lead to create water storage tanks and pipes. In medieval times, many church and cathedral roofs were covered with lead made in a similar manner.
Some specialist firms still carry out the process of sand casting.
Molten lead is poured across a bed of sand and spread out by hand to the required thickness. The lead solidifies to form a sheet with a distinctly rough surface on the underside.
Machine casting
Machine casting was invented in the 1950s and introduced in Scotland in the 1980s.
A cool metal drum is rotated in a bath of molten lead, and the liquid metal then solidifies on the cooled surface of the drum. This is then peeled off as a single, smooth sheet of lead.
Sheet thickness can be varied by altering the:
- rotation speed of the drum
- depth to which the drum is immersed in the molten lead
- temperature difference between the drum and molten lead
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Get in touch if you have any questions. We will be happy to help.
- Technical Research Team
- 0131 668 8951
- firstname.lastname@example.com
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Professional institutions
Lead Sheet Association
Lead Contractors Association
The National Federation of Roofing Contractors
Confederation of Roofing Contractors
The Institute of Roofing
Inform guides
An introduction to conservation and maintenance of traditional buildings for complete beginners.
Short guides
Information on building conservation topics for home owners, trades people and building professionals.
2 - Lead Theft : Guidance on Protecting Traditional Buildings
Other resources
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Related to Roofing leadwork
Hiring a contractor
Get advice on hiring a contractor including choosing a contractor and managing the work.


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You Are The Friction is an anthology of collaborative short fiction and illustration. It's a small, bright red record of what happens when you introduce twelve writers to twelve illustrators, light a match, and run in the opposite direction. Twelve short stories inspired by illustrations, twelve illustrations inspired by short stories, all collected in a handsome paperback edition published by Sing Statistics. Watch the trailer.
Scott Campbell
& Joshua Allen
A lumberjack auteur turns his back on a woodland filmset beset with creatures, while a bet is tentatively placed at Finch's.
Oliver Jeffers
& Joe Meno
A practical guide to the correct uses of helium, and an abysmal warehouse rave leads to a bathtub tryst in Belfast.
Rob Hunter
& Toby Litt
Two writers under different forms of scrutiny. Academic surveillance, and the enquiring advances of a biographer.
Maxwell Holyoke-Hirsch
& Nicolas Burrows
An ageing star mourns his wilder years in the company of sea creatures, and a young man explores the forest.
William Exley
& Ronnie Scott
Two maps - for the tourists of Queensland, and for a father-to-be discovering his brother's sexual history.
Jim Tierney
& Ned Beauman
A tragic wartime mystery laced with the scent of lilacs, and a window into the writers room of Dragonblade.
Hannah Waldron
& Evie Wyld
Two quiet houses and their inhabitants. A nameless insomniac in the city, and a suburban Sydney widow.
Adrian Johnson
& Richard Milward
Two sorry young lovelorn gents attempt to deal with their respective heartbreak through voodoo and bathwater.
Carson Ellis
& Tess Lynch
A picture of newlyweds in the wake of a Russian honeymoon, and a wide-eyed revelation at a sewing circle.
William Goldsmith
& Michael Crowe
Two labyrinthine digressions about teachers. Howard, a former stuntman, and Lance, lovesick and obsessive.
Ian Dingman
& Kevin Fanning
A tender near-future story of a father and son, and a brief action sequence featuring Jennifer Love Hewitt and a demon.
Tom Gauld
& Craig Taylor
Two stories about grief, experienced by an astronaut under interrogation, and friends on a budget flight somewhere over France.


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Crabbers work the dangerous waters of the Bering Sea in winter.
NEW YORK (CNNMoney) -- The nation's most dangerous job, fishing for Alaskan king crab, has not only gotten safer but it's gotten more profitable, too.
Commercial fishing has long topped the Bureau of Labor Statistics' list of jobs with the most fatalities -- and crabbing in the Alaskan waters is by far the most lethal form of fishing.
Thanks to new government rules, there has been only one death in the Alaskan crab fishery in the past six years -- a significant improvement from the 1990s which saw an average of 7.3 deaths a year, according to Edward Poulsen, director of the Alaska Bering Sea Crabbers.
The industry, which was made famous by the Discovery show "Deadliest Catch," no longer engages in "fishing derbies" where fishermen rush to fill their quotas in a few scant days.
"The gun went off and everyone scrambled," Poulsen said. "Some boats loaded too many crab pots and capsized. Others pushed their crews to work too long."
During the derbies, some boats could pull in hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of crab -- half their annual wage -- in a few days, while latecomers could come out with nothing. Everyone fished as fast as they could until the quota for the entire fleet was reached.
Most crabbing takes place in the unforgiving Bering Sea. Ice can coat boat decks, 700-pound cages being winched aboard can lurch and sweep workers overboard. Even in a survival suit, designed to provide insulation from cold water, death can come before help arrives. About 80% of crab fishery fatalities are from drowning.
But in 2006, a new catch-share (also called a quota-share) system was put in place by the North Pacific Fishery Management Council and the State of Alaska, which co-manage the fishery.
Each boat received its own quota to fill during the three-month season. The quotas can be bought, sold and even leased, so crab captains are able to acquire the shares of other boats.
With so many captains buying up other crabbers' quotas, the number of crab boats has shrunk to just over 60 from more than 250 at its peak and the boats now are mostly bigger -- and safer. Crabbers don't have to go out during storms or work on little-to-no sleep. If there's a storm or a mechanical problem, the catch waits.
In 2004, the season for Bristol Bay red king crab lasted just three days before the quota was reached, according to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. In 2010, it lasted more than 20 days.
Captain Scott Campbell Jr., one of the crab boat skippers appearing on "Deadliest Catch" has worked in the industry since he was 18. At first, his dad, also a crab boat captain, did not want him to go into the business.
"So he brought me up to Alaska in the dead of winter and told his crew to lay into me," he said. "They piled on more jobs than usually given to a greenhorn. I busted three fingers."
When he returned to his home in Washington State, he was exhausted and battered. "They broke me," he said. "Then, I got a check for the three months worth of fishing I did that winter. It was for $30,000. I thought, 'That fishing wasn't so bad.'"
For 15 years, Campbell learned the ropes under the old system.
Besides being bigger and safer on rough seas, the boats carry fewer traps. No longer overloaded, they're less likely to capsize. Nearly two-thirds of the 73 crab fishing fatalities recorded in the 1990s were from capsizing.
The crews pull the traps every 36 to 48 hours, instead of every 12 to 24 hours so the process is less frenzied.
"It's still a very dangerous job," said Campbell. But "since we went to a quota-share system, the danger factor went way down."
More crabs, bigger profits: The new rules have boosted crab numbers -- and profits, according to Campbell. Because fishermen leave the traps in the water for a longer period of time, small crabs, which are illegal to take, have time to crawl through escapement rings and return to the open water to feed and grow to legal size.
More of that bycatch was pulled aboard in the old days and died as the crabbers roughly sorted and threw them back. Females, which are also illegal to take, also died in the rush to empty the traps.
This destruction reduced future harvests. Now, crab populations are growing again after declining for years, Campbell said.
Prices have also improved, he said. Under the fishing derby system, the market was flooded during the brief harvest season, pushing prices lower. With the longer season, crabs come to market more gradually and pricing is more consistent.
In 2005, crabs were selling for close to $3 a pound. Last year, they were going for closer to $7 a pound.
When the king crab season ends, Campbell goes after snow crabs, a less lucrative catch but still worth the effort. In summer, he uses the boat to transfer wild salmon from smaller boats to processors. By doing so, captains like Campbell can usually make well in excess of $200,000 a year, after expenses.
Crewmen can earn up to $15,000 per month, or between $20,000 and $50,000, -- or more -- over the course of a three-month season, according to the Alaska Fishing Employment Center. Most also work the spring snow crab fishery as well and many crabbers clear six figures for the year.
"The information we have on crabbers' income is anecdotal, but crewmen we surveyed said they're making about $100,000 a year and captains twice that," said Poulsen. "That's a lot more than a few years ago."
Carlos Rodriguez is trying to rid himself of $15,000 in credit card debt, while paying his mortgage and saving for his son's college education.
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Learning to Lighten your Load
There's no question: overpacking tops the list of biggest travel mistakes.
So here is OneBag.com, a non-commercial Web site that teaches — in exhaustive (exhausting?) detail — the art and science of travelling light.
Here you can learn how to go pretty much anywhere, for business or leisure, for an indefinite length of time, with no more than a single carry-on-sized bag.
An experience that can — as I hope you will discover — be life-changing.
Why Travel Light?
Of all the travel skills you might acquire, travelling light is the one most likely to result in enjoyable, productive, stress-free travel experiences. For two thousand years, seasoned travellers have written of its many important benefits, including …
With a much-reduced need to hand your belongings over to the care of others, you are less likely to lose them to theft, damage, or misrouting. Similarly, you foil those who would enlist your unsuspecting aid as a conveyor of contraband goods. Attaining peace of mind is rarely this easy!You can laugh at checked baggage fees. You don't have to find and pay porters and others to carry and store stuff for you. You are more able to take public transportation (like most airport personnel do), rather than limos, shuttles, and (often scam-prone) taxis. You can even walk. All of which also bring you into more intimate (hence rewarding) contact with the people and places that you have come to visit.
Less stuff means greater mobility, thus more options. With no checked or awkward-to-manage luggage to limit your travel alternatives, you can better cope with delayed transportation & missed connections (those who check luggage are usually constrained to accompany it), and exploit unexpected opportunities. You can switch to other (sometimes earlier) flights when space is available, and use alternate transport (trains, rental cars, etc.) when it isn't. You needn't arrive at airports as early (no waiting for luggage check-in), and will be among the first to leave (while the hordes wait for baggage carousels and customs inspection queues). You can board trains, trams, and coaches with alacrity. You won't feel compelled to take the first hotel room offered, but can comfortably walk down the street should the ambience be unsuitable or the price unreasonable. You can sell your airplane seat (by volunteering to be "bumped") on full flights. You can travel as an air courier. You can be more spontaneous.
Travelling lightly reduces stress: it is simply a more hassle-free way to get about. You have more time, because packing takes little. You waste less energy hauling stuff. You know what you have, where everything is, and that it's sufficient. We've all seen those anxious folks at the airport, struggling with too much baggage, concerned that they have lost track of something, or left it behind. Foreign travel can be particularly challenging, because it is unfamiliar and less predictable. But the one-bag traveller copes by operating from a solid, familiar, and — most important — well-considered foundation, with fewer unnecessary things to worry about.
All of the above are concerned with short-term benefits to you. But travelling light also yields long-term benefits to the planet. Less stuff to manufacture. Less use of vehicles and other equipment to move you and your belongings about. Less fuel for those vehicles that do move you. Less greenhouse gas production. Less damage to our celestial home. Greater likelihood of upcoming generations being around and able to do some travelling of their own. (It's not often that the most convenient option is also the most environmentally responsible.)
Don't just take my word for it. Read what others have to say!
I'm Convinced! So How Can OneBag Help Me?
He who would travel happily must travel light.
If there's a "trick" to travelling light, it's the understanding and proper use of a packing list (albeit a different type of list than those you have likely seen). Apart from that, however, there's no single specific secret. Travelling light is a skill comprised of a very large number of very small considerations. Taken individually, many of these might seem relatively unimportant (or unnecessarily meticulous); collectively, however, this selection of small sanities makes it possible to journey for extended periods of time, carrying no more than will fit in a surprisingly small bag.
Typical travellers shouldn't expect the transition to happen overnight (unless they're extraordinarily diligent). The proficient one-bag traveller will have mastered the three core elements of light travel, illustrated here in order of importance.
But there's no need to become an instant expert. Feel free to meander through this site, taking inspiration where you find it. Every single topic detailed on these pages can help you become a better (thus happier) traveller, but it's unnecessary (and perhaps even counterproductive) to tackle them all at once. Start with those that most appeal to you, and leave the others for when you seek to further hone your skills.
Here's a straightforward promise: if you persevere, you will at some point reach a transcendent moment, in which your (one) bag will be small and light enough to carry without consequence, no longer of any meaningful concern. And — from that instant — your travel experiences will be forever changed, with an unfettered freedom that is quite simply beyond the understanding of those who remain bound to their baggage.
Where Do I Begin?
I strongly suggest starting with Using A Packing List, because that will yield the most benefit in the least amount of time. Once you've begun to develop your own personal list, continue as and where your interests lead you; you needn't learn everything immediately.
Looking for luggage tips? You'll find much on that topic under the What To Pack It In menu. Appreciate, however, that merely acquiring a new bag, no matter how "perfect", will no more turn you into a one-bag traveller than a superb violin will turn you into a concert soloist!
You'll also find here a collection of effective packing techniques (including how to pack clothing so that it doesn't get wrinkled), a detailed analysis of every individual item on my own personal packing list (to help you understand my choices, and thus be better equipped to make those best suited to you), and a considerable variety of supplemental information, including:
- a checklist of things to take care of prior to leaving on a trip
- contact information for suppliers of harder-to-find items mentioned on these pages
- a (very) few recommended books on related topics
- collected links to some carefully-chosen sites that OneBag enthusiasts are likely to find interesting
- my own compilation of frequently-used travel industry links: the best metasearch engines, handy lists of country/airport/airline code designations, a telephone country/area code finding & deciphering service, and tools for checking real-time flight status, airport delay conditions, and aircraft seating arrangements (a useful page to bookmark)
Finally — and possibly even most importantly — don't miss the TraveLetters page, featuring comments from people like you, who have tried out these ideas and reported on their experiences, thus offering reassurance that this site isn't merely (or at least, entirely!) the ravings of some geek with a packing fixation.


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This instructor-led hands-on lab workshop will improve technical skills used in development for Microsoft Dynamics 365 for Finance and Operations and Dynamics 365 for Retail. Delivered at your site.
This 5-day, instructor-led workshop trains personnel to implement the basic technical and development tasks required to customize Dynamics 365 for Finance and Operations or Retail. You will have full use of a Dynamics 365 for Operations lab environment.
Module 1: Life Cycle Services (LCS) Introduction
Module 2: Customer Onboarding and Application Lifecycle Management
Module 3: PowerApps and Microsoft Flow
Module 4: Development Basics
Module 5: Advanced Development
Use and design of:
Module 6: Retail Development and Customization
Module 7: Course Review