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Zebra MC3200 (MC32N0-SI2HCHEIA)
Zebra, MC32N0-S, WLAN 802.11 A/B/G/N, 1GHZ Processor, 1D/2D Imager SE4750, Color-Touch Display, 28 Key, High Capacity Battery, CE 7.X Pro, 1GB RAM/4GB ROM, English, Interactive Sensor
Zebra MC3200 Mobile Computer
Redefine productivity and reliability with the MC3200 mobile computer, the next generation in the class-leading MC3000 Series, now with more options to meet your needs. Choose the right operating system for your business - Android Jelly Bean or Microsoft Embedded Compact 7. Your choice of our most advanced 1D laser or 1D/2D imager scan engine allows your workers to easily capture barcodes in any condition.
Three lightweight models - brick, gun and turret - bring all day comfort to every task - from cycle counting to putaway, replenishment and voice-directed picking. And with over a million and a half MC3000 Series devices sold to date, you get a well-tested device you can trust.
MC3200 Mobile Computer - RE-SET THE BAR FOR PRODUCTIVITY IN INVENTORY MANAGEMENT
Customer satisfaction and the success of your business are tightly tied to how efficiently and accurately you can manage your inventory. You need to know what you have on hand at all times to prevent costly out-of stocks, while your workers need to rapidly and accurately pick orders to ensure that customers receive the right items, on time. With the Zebra MC3200, you will. Now with more options, this cost-effective, lightweight and rugged mobile computer provides the tools your workers need to complete inventory-related tasks in seconds, from the store sales floor to the loading dock. Every day, workers use one of three ergonomic models in the MC3000 Series to bring all day comfort to any job, from voice-picking to the most scan-intensive tasks.
Supports both Android Jelly Bean and Microsoft Embedded Compact 7
You get the flexibility to choose the leading operating system that best meets the needs of your business and your workers. And the ability to swap operating systems allows you to future proof your investment.*
Extensions (Mx) by Zebra fortifies Android for the enterprise
Integrated into Android, Mx adds the features needed to transform Android from a consumer operating system (OS) to a true enterprise-class OS, including security, device management and support for enterprise data capture capabilities.
The power to support the most demanding applications
A dual core 1 GHz processor, your choice of 2 or 4 GB of Flash memory and up to 32 GB of additional SD memory provides the power to run multiple complex applications - simultaneously.
Unparalleled bar code scanning performance improves productivity
Whether you choose the 1-D laser or 2-D imager engine, your workers get our most advanced scanning technology, able to capture bar codes as fast as they can press the trigger - regardless of whether items are in hand or on high racks in the warehouse, or whether bar codes are scratched, poorly printed or dirty. 1-D Laser: Patented Adaptive Scanning technology in our 1-D laser offers the widest working range in its class - your workers can capture just about any 1-D bar code from near contact to as far as 15 ft./4.5 m away.
Fast wireless connectivity with 802.11n
Provides the desktop style application performance that improves employee productivity and on-the-job satisfaction.
Rugged and ready for the store floor, back room, warehouse or loading dock
Sealing, drop and tumble testing and a rugged audio jack ensure reliable operation despite everyday drops on concrete, extreme cold and heat, spills and more.
Three lightweight models bring all day comfort to scan intensive jobs
Mix and match brick, gun-style or rotating turret form factors with three different keypads to streamline data capture for different types of workers.
Cost-effectively upgrade from any MC3000 Series model
Accessory compatibility allows you to upgrade to the latest mobile technology and preserve existing technology investments.
Future proof applications with RhoMobile Suite
RhoMobile Suite support enables the creation of cross-platform apps that can run on iOS, Android, Microsoft Windows and the operating systems of the future.
Enhanced battery design
The new all-in-one combination battery/battery door provides one-step fast battery changing.


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Vocalzone Pocket Tin – Stamp Edition
Protect Your Vocalzone
- High-quality pocket tin
- Super slim design
- Sliding lid for easy access
- Iconic branding
- Throat Pastilles not included in tin
Product Info
The only place to buy officially licensed Vocalzone Pocket Tins. Better still, order 5 packs of Vocalzone from this website and get your tin for free!*
Inspired by our rich heritage, our tins were commissioned as a direct result of feedback we received from you. With a sleek design, Vocalzone tins are designed to fit a blister sleeve of 12 pastilles. Being a perfect size for your pocket, you can now keep your supply of Vocalzone with you at all times.
Please note: Pastilles are not included and are only used for illustration purposes.
*Please select your free tin at checkout for qualifying orders of 5 or more packs of Vocalzone.
What is the prominent flavour of Vocalzone Throat Pastilles?
The liquorice extract is what gives the product its distinctive flavour.
Is Vocalzone suitable for Vegans?
Yes, whilst the core recipe has remained the same, the only changes made have been to make the pastille vegan friendly.
When should I take Vocalzone?
There is no one correct answer, some people take Vocalzone prior to prolonged/intensive use of their voice. Others prefer to take them when they begin to feel the irritation on their throat.
Some people take them both before and after, and others even take them mid performance! We'd recommend not exceeding more than 1 pastille every 2 hours.
I've been told that Menthol is not good for my throat. Is this true?
As with most things in life, too much of one ingredient can have side effects. This too can be said about menthol.
However, the concentration of menthol used in our throat pastilles is of a safe level and the benefits of using menthol for throat care can be found in Martindale (The complete Drug Reference).
How should I consume Vocalzone?
It is recommended that you dissolve one pastille in the mouth and inhale deeply. This can be repeated every two hours if required.
Is Vocalzone available in shops worldwide?
Vocalzone will be hitting a store near you in the very future, but in the meanwhile you can order directly off our website and we offer worldwide delivery!
Is it safe for me to take Vocalzone?
Vocalzone is a licensed medicine recommended for adults, elderly and children over the age of 12. If you have any concerns regarding treatments you may currently be taking, consult your pharmacist or doctor before use.
Will Vocalzone be available in my country in the future?
Almost certainly, we are working with a network of distributors to ensure Vocalzone is available near you very soon. For more information please visit our International Customers page.
Do you deliver worldwide?
Yes we do. We wouldn't want you going without your stash of Vocalzone now would we?
Is Vocalzone Throat Pastilles Gluten and Lactose Free?
Yes, Vocalzone Throat Pastilles are both Gluten & Lactose Free

subset: commoncrawl


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About American Speedy in
Your One-To-One Connection
Print and marketing communications come in all shapes and sizes and colors. It can be as simple as a "thank you" card . . . as bold as an over-sized sign . . . or as interactive as a website. In the end, it's about making a connection with those most important to you that makes the difference – to inspire ideas, motivate action, teach a concept, or sell a product or service.
Let's Connect
When you partner with American Speedy, you tap into our rich history of providing high-quality traditional printing services with a fresh eye on the new ways in which you connect to be seen and heard . . . on paper and on the Web. We know one size does not fit all, so we take the time to know you and your specific needs to offer solutions that make the most sense for you.
American Speedy is your local, one-stop resource that can tap into the accumulated knowledge and experience of nearly 300 other independently owned and operated businesses in our network. We also have access to the latest in print and Web technologies via our Marketing Resource Center, an award-winning team of subject matter experts who are standing by to help craft custom solutions to your specific needs. Want to learn more?


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Hi friends! I hope that you are doing well. We are ok. Dustin went back to work so we have been going through yet another transition period. It's going alright. I'm a little under the weather though. Hopefully, it doesn't turn into anything because I am still getting only 4-5 hours of broken sleep a night with the baby and the kids.
Today, I'm sharing a project I helped my friend make for my baby shower. She bought some mixed nuts and some delicious chocolate for the favors but didn't really know how to package them up. I told her that I would take care of it since she was doing SO many amazing things for me already. I used some Whisker Graphics Diagonal Stripe Little Bitty Bags for these and filled them with the nuts and chocolates. Then I used some Raspberry Divine Twine and then sealed them with Chick 1" Stickers.
Have a great day, friends!


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Microsoft Windows 8.1 Standard
SKU: Microsoft Windows 8.1 PC Product Code License Key - Standard/Core Edition
Buy Windows 8.1 operating system software. Windows 8.1 was designed with a focus on providing a unified user experience across desktops, laptops, and tablets. It is a legacy product.
Your Product Code will be sent to your e-mail after your purchase.
1. Order
2. Delivery by E-mail
3. Install Product
Installation is simple - Simply order, download, install then activate! It`s a stand-alone item so no subscriptions or hidden charges to pay! One-time purchase!
After order processing - we will send you;
- Product code: Official software license key for activation.
- Download for software: Direct manufacturers link to download and redeem from website.
- How to install: Step-by-step guide for installing.
- Activating: Activate your original product using the genuine activation wizard by product code. You MUST activate within 72 hrs of purchase, after activation it will work for Lifetime of your system.
Problems installing? - talk to us by live-chat or phone! See other items in this category
Windows 8.1 Standard Edition PC License Key
PC Windows 8.1 Digital Product License Key with installation media.
Language: English (more available) Manufacturer: Microsoft License: 1 PC Validity: Lifetime Platform: Windows
Windows 8.1 is available in two editions: Core and Professional (Business)
Beautiful, fast, fluid Only With Windows 8.1 Professional
- Boot your PC/Start up quickly
- Customize your Start screen with Live Tiles
- Browse secure and faster with Internet Explorer
- Stay safer with Windows Defender - Windows Own Security Software
- Get great apps from Free at the all New Windows App Store
- More inbuilt Apps and Features - Mail, Photos, SkyDrive & More
- Easier than ever to Upgrade: Windows 7 files, apps and settings transfer easily to Windows 8.
- Hassle free usability - Programmes that run on Windows 7 are also compatible with Windows 8.
Windows 8 brings together your productivity to make all things more simple - from mobile apps for your business, Office productivity work, searching and surfing, and to accessing all your data from anywhere.
Your Windows 8 experience works smoother across all your devices - from the best corporate tablet, to a thin and light laptop, to your high-end-performance workstation or all-in-one, whether you are at home, in or around the office, or working on the move.
Windows 8 takes care of all the essentials - letting you manage personal devices in your organization, utilising investments in your enterprise infrastructure, and enhancing the security of your environment - better and more easily.
Windows 8 has new ways for you to personalise your PC, and includes a wave of awesome new apps and services. Work the way you're used to, and do more at once with more apps. Bing smart search gives you results from your PC, your apps, and the web. Results are in a clean, graphic view, so you can go where you want right from the search results. Open the Windows Store right from your Start screen to browse and download apps for cooking, photos, sports, news, and more.
Great for work and play, Windows 8 tablets and PCs are powerful, stylish, and built to go where you go. Get a Windows 8 tablet or PC now, and you can update to Windows 8.1 for free!
Windows 8 is for small-medium sized businesses, providing more enhanced features to easily connect to company networks, access files on the go, encrypt data, and much much more.
- SEARCH ONCE. GO ANYWHERE - Bing smart-search gives you better results from your PC, your personal apps, and the world wide web. See search results in a clean, graphic view, enabling you to go where you want instantly from the search results. Play songs, open apps, or call friends - Just tap and do it!
- MORE APPS TO LOVE - The Windows App Store has a fresh new look, which makes it easier to discover, review, and download apps. Including apps for cooking, photos, sports, news, and a lot more.
- MAKE IT YOURS. Improved personalisation to Set up a slide show on your lock screen by choosing your favourite pictures. Arrange all the stuff on your Start screen so it's just the way you want it. Relentless customization; Choose from tile sizes, colours, backgrounds and animations.
- BUILT-IN CLOUD STORAGE. MICROSOFT SkyDrive is the simple free online storage that's built into Windows 8. Save documents, photos, and other files to SkyDrive automatically then access them anytime.
- FAST, FULL-SCREEN BROWSING. Getting Windows 8 means you get the new Internet Explorer Browser. Internet Explorer is built for touch, with faster load speeds, a full screen experience with side-by-side browsing of your sites, and real-time information delivered to your Start screen. More features with less headache. Get things done quicker the way you want.
Windows 8.1
With the new Windows 8, you get the best of work and play. Windows 8 Professional includes everything in Windows 8 Core, plus enhanced features which assist you to easily connect to company networks, manage devices, access one PC from another, encrypt your information/data, and much much more.
- All new Start Screen - Get to it all from the brand new Start screen, even your familiar desktop
- Discover new and unique apps within the all new Windows App Store
- Personalise your desktop with tiles, colours, & backgrounds
- Do much more with side by side views of apps and sites
- Online Access of photos & files virtually anywhere with SkyDrive built-in
- Navigate Quickly - Search, browse, and share more securely
- Protect your data by encrypting it with BitLocker encryption
- Access one PC from another with Remote Desktop Access
- Connect to your works company network easily
What's new with Windows 8.1
Microsoft Outlook Email with Multitask
Microsoft Windows APP Store
Video Editing - Made easy
All New Built in Photo Viewer
OneNote and Smoother Desktop GU
Best ever Search Facility
It Plays as Hard as it just simply...Works. Do More For Less.
Windows 8.1 gives you the power to quickly navigate, watch films, play games, polish your CV, and pull together a great presentation — all simultaneously on a single PC. Now you can organise many apps on your screen at once in a single view. Do more for Less.
The familiar Start Screen
Personalise the Start screen with your favourite news feeds, friends, social media , and applications. Easily customisable colours/backgrounds and many different sized tiles make your device as unique as you are. You are just one click away from the familiar Windows desktop to do the stuff you've always done - only much better.
Improved Built In Apps The Apps you Need
In addition to great built-in Windows apps for email, photos and video editing – you can also download more from from the Windows Store.
Improved Security
Stay up to date and more secure with the Inbuilt Windows Defender, Windows Firewall, and Windows Update. A powerful, yet free, security program to protect your data and Internet browsing.
Faster Loading Speed
Windows 8.1 starts up and boots faster, switches between apps faster, and uses less power more efficiently than all previous versions of Windows
Multitasking Made Simple
It's easy to do more at once. Snap multiple apps side by side for a single view for easy multitasking - all made simple.
Mouse, Keyboard—and now... Touch
Windows 8.1 works harmoniously with various types of devices, including touch, mouse-and-keyboard, or both. Whatever input device you use, you'll discover fast and fluid ways to switch between apps, move things around, and go smoothly from one place to another.
Your files, Everywhere - Now Online
Now you can stay connected to your photos and important files and access them on the go with either phone, tablet or PC with SkyDrive.
You Keep all your Files -Upgrading made Easy
If your PC is running Windows 7, your files, apps and settings will easily transfer to Windows 8 for quick and efficient transition.
You Keep Familiar Programs Working
Applications are backwards compatible - Programs that run on Windows 7 will run on Windows 8.
The All New Windows | Windows 8.1 | Windows 8.1 Pro | |
Your PC is currently runs: | Windows 7 | Windows 7 | |
Great Windows Apps built in such as Mail, Calendar, Messaging, Photos, and SkyDrive with many more available at Windows Store. | ✔ | ✔ | |
Includes Internet Explorer 11 | ✔ | ✔ | |
Keeps you up-to-date and more secure with Windows Security: Windows Defender, Windows Firewall, and Windows Update. | ✔ | ✔ | |
Works with new and existing Windows desktop software | ✔ | ✔ | |
Comes with Windows Media Player Software | ✔ | ✔ | |
Provides enhanced data protection using BitLocker technology to keep all your information secure. | ✔ | ||
Helps you to connect to your PC when you're on the move with Remote Desktop | ✔ | ||
Connects you to you corporate or business network with Domain Join. | ✔ | ||
Watch and record live TV with Windows Media Centre Software | ✔ |
Windows 8.1 allows you to connect and share your files and also adds enhanced features if you need to connect to corporate networks, access remote files, encrypt sensitive data, and access to other more advanced tasks and a lot more.
The new Windows 8.1 start screen now contains easily personalised applications for items you use the most and can be customised quickly. Windows 8 Live tiles provide real-time updates from your Social Media, News and e-mail accounts. Alongside the new Start screen, the lock screen now includes e-mail, calendar, and clock widgets.
To access your PC, Simply unlock your PC by clicking or swiping pre-set locations you've selected on the lock screen. New Search function also allows you to search for your favourite software programs, Easily customise by open, close, hide, resize, and run multiple apps simultaneously with the swipe of a finger/mouse.
Windows has also made changes to make your PC more secure by boosting its existing security features by adding "SmartScreen," which acts to prevent suspicious programs or apps from being installed or running on your machine. Finally, Windows 8.1 also gives you the ability to "refresh" itself to give users a new starting point and a cleaner version of Windows.
Windows 8.1 Installation System Requirements
- Processor. Minimum 1 gigahertz (GHz)* or faster with support for PAE, NX, and SSE2
- RAM. Minimum 1 gigabyte (GB) (32-bit) or 2 GB (64-bit)
- Hard disk space. Minimum 16 GB (32-bit) or 20 GB (64-bit)
- Graphics card. Any with: Microsoft DirectX 9 graphics device with WDDM driver
Additional Requirements to Use Certain Features
- Internet access
- For touchscreen, you need a tablet or a monitor that supports multi-touch display
- A Microsoft account required for some features
- Watching DVDs requires separate playback software and a DVD Drive
- Windows Media Centre licence (sold separately)
- To access the Windows Store and to download and run apps, you will need an active Internet connection and a screen resolution of at least 1024 x 768
- To snap apps, you need a screen resolution of at least 1366 x 768


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A report on coastal and marine environmental data in Tanzania has been published. The work was done by COWI Tanzania. This article gives a general overview of the inherent challenges in environmental data management as well as an overview of the report.
Environmental data management is a crucial part of any decision making related to the local, regional, national and global aspects of the environment. Good quality, up-to-date, accessible and relevant information is the foundation of good decision making in governments. Likewise, emergency response systems rely on sound information about sensitive areas and resources.
Since my first professional meeting with the management of spatial data in Tanzania back in 2004 I have struggled with issues related to collection, storage and dissemination of environmental information. As a GIS professional one soon discovers that the path towards a good spatial data infrastructure for environmental information is complicated by access to resources, thematic knowledge, economy, legal issues and the will to make data available. Tanzania is no exception – and it is not the only country with these challenges.
Earlier this year COWI Tanzania was contacted to undertake a "Study of coastal and marine datasets in Tanzania". The background for the study was that many government offices, organizations and companies in Tanzania struggle with the different aspects of collecting, storing and disseminating their own information. I am happy to have been part of principal contact persons for this project on behalf of NEMC and NEA. The work done by COWI is solid and comprehensive.
Scope and definitions decided used in this report:
- The geographical scope covers districts in Tanzania with a coastline, the coastline itself and coastal and marine areas.
- Stakeholders are governmental agencies, research institutions, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and others. A shortlist of institutions, based on the EIN workshop in October 2014 is provided, which does not limit the scope, but serves as a point of departure for the study.
- Key informants are persons working in the institutions identified or related to the operations of such institutions.
- Environmental data/information in this respect include spatial data files, reports containing tables and maps, Excel sheets, data collection methods description, etc. It is not restricted to ecological/biological data, but can also be other relevant baseline data (e.g. infrastructural, bathymetrical, meteorological and socio-economic data, etc.).
- Spatial data can be understood as data that indicates geographic information related to features and boundaries on Earth, such as natural or constructed features, oceans, or similar.
- Metadata is information that describes key characteristics of some original data, e.g. its content, conditions or locations.
- Spatial Data Infrastructure is understood as a system for indexing data through metadata that enables users to describe or understand the scope, type or relevance of the original data.
The deliverables requested and delivered from the assignment includes:
- A list of all visited and all contacted stakeholders;
- A list of existing coastal and marine data, gaps in this data and data gathering projects;
- Information about the datasets or documents, with a special focus on coastline and mangrove datasets, documented in an Excel sheet designed by the Consultant in collaboration with NEA. The information includes geographical extent, categories, custodians and owners;
- Where possible, additional information about source for data and a brief note about
accessibility; - A description of metadata attributes according to the provided category system and, where possible, ISO/TC 211 and ISO 19115 2003;
- Indication of the stakeholder willingness and ability to contribute to a collaboration under the Environmental Information Network with their data;
- An overview of current developments/status related to a national spatial data infrastructure in Tanzania;
- Suggestions for further work; and
- A presentation at a marine data workshop,
The report has now been published and is available for download here in both pdf- and word-format:
[wpfilebase tag=list id=27 pagenav=1 /]
At the Environmental Data Management workshop held by National Environment Management Council (NEMC) in October 2014, the stakeholders present concluded that the establishment of an Environmental Information Network (EIN) headed by NEMC and supported by the stakeholders represents a rational way forward. NEMC's workshop in October 2014 and associated processes were funded by the Norwegian government through the Oil for Development Program (OfD) coordinated by Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD). The above report is part of bringing a national coordinated effort forward.
I have earlier written a blog post about Geoinformation Policy in Tanzania. Together with the authors of this report we will present this work as well as an evaluation of the environmental spatial data infrastructure in Tanzania at the TAWIRI conference early in December 2015.


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The technical end of wellness psychology encourages normal responses to the challenges of life, rather than just treating mental and emotional conditions. Understanding the concept of personality makes this approach clearer. For example, people tend to have patterns of behavior, some of which work better than others, but the patterns usually persist until they are broken or replaced. Noticing these patterns and evaluating them to see if they are constructive or destructive, and shifting the patterns accordingly, make wellness more accessible.
There are many ways to group or evaluate personality types. People tend to favor one of the three major ways the brain processes - visual (seeing), auditory (hearing), and kinesthetic (feeling), and each group has common patterns of behavior. Or, you can divide people by personality style, such as: drivers, expressives, analyticals, and amiables. You can notice typical behaviors, known as metaprograms, such as moving toward benefits or moving away from consequences, or having an internal or external frame of reference. There are more technical systems of personality also, like Myers-Briggs or the enneagram, which offer a deeper understanding of personality and can help create a pathway to personal growth.
Why is personality important? Healthy people express themselves consistent with their personality types, and those types vary greatly, so there is a wide spectrum of normal behaviors that could be considered well behaviors. Knowing yourself, and understanding others you have a relationship with, can give you insight into the unique nature of your personality. You can also understand the likely patterns of health, so you can choose the actions that support wellness for someone of your personality type. Patterns of personality also provide clues for wellness professionals to intervene in a way that is custom-tailored for the needs of each individual. This guides the person toward a well state and even amplifys their health, wellness, and peak performance through personalized wellness counseling.


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We Make Buying Plants Easy
We procure plants from the best tropical plant nurseries and growers in Florida, coordinate freight for shipping the plants, and send a single invoice. We love to find the hard-to-find plants, and there is no order we can't handle. We make ordering plants online easy!
Discounted Pricing
Morning Dew Tropical Plants buys in large volume. We are the largest or one of the largest customers for many of our 150 plant growers located throughout Florida. We have relationships with nurseries in Homestead, Orlando, Apopka, Miami, and all over Florida! We get discounts and better pricing, and pass the savings on to you!
You Save Time
In a matter of minutes, we source plants from our tropical plant nurseries and growers and coordinate shipping with your truck line that specializes in transporting live plants. You receive a single invoice and get the best tropical plants available from tropical plant growers across Florida, all while saving you an enormous amount of time and hassle.
Up-to-the-Minute Availability
Need to know if a specific plant is available right now? We update our list everyday – sometimes multiple times per day. This saves you the hassle of calling 100 growers to find that plant you're looking for. Check out our Tropical Plant Availability to see what's available right now.
Team of Plant Experts
We have nearly 200 years in collective horticulture industry experience and can answer any questions you have about plants. There's no other team that matches the knowledge, expertise, and experience of the Morning Dew crew.
Weekly Nursery Visits
We know the quality of the plants you order from us, because we see it first-hand! We do weekly nursery visits to plant growers in Homestead, Orlando, Apopka, Miami, and other parts of Florida, and we hand select only the best quality plants. You know you're always getting the highest quality tropical plants when you order from us.
Our Customers Rave About Us
Interiorscapers, interior landscapers, garden centers, florists, retailers, casinos, resorts, and wholesalers all love our tropical plants and customer service.
Your Satisfaction is Guaranteed
Whether you are an interiorscaper looking for interior plants to use as office plants or rental plants, or a garden center looking for garden center plants or house plants, we know you'll love our service! We guarantee your satisfaction. If something isn't right with your order, we'll make it right. We stand behind our plants, our service, and our reputation.
Find out about our Interiorscaper 30-day Satisfaction Guarantee


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Monotonicity and IRV -- Why the Monotonicity Criterion is of Little Import
Opponents of instant runoff voting (IRV) claim that it fails the "monotonicity criterion." What does this mean? And is this significant in real world elections? Before explaining why this failure is of little consequence – certainly of far less consequence than the majority criterion and "later-no-harm" criterion that IRV meets, but other proposed voting methods violate – a little background is useful.
What are voting method criteria?
Numerous formal criteria, that make good sense, have been proposed for evaluating voting methods. But no voting method satisfies all of them, as some are mutually exclusive. Since no voting method satisfies all criteria (those frequently cited and others yet to be devised), it is important to have a sense of how important a criterion is and how often any particular voting method is likely to exhibit a problem.
There can be different reasons for failing a criterion. First, selecting a set of criteria to examine can be arbitrary in the sense that there is no definitive set of criteria to use – any advocate of a particular voting method might believe the criteria that are met by that voting method are more important than the criteria that voting method fails. Second, the specific way in which a criterion is defined may cause some voting methods to flip from failing to meeting the criterion.
For example, one criterion that most people believe is of crucial importance is the "majority criterion." This can be defined as: "If more than 50% of voters consider a particular candidate to be the absolute best choice, then that candidate should win." Some proposed voting methods, such as range voting and approval voting fail this criterion. Advocates of these voting methods generally take two approaches in confronting this reality. Either they argue that the majority criterion is not really that important, or they attempt to modify the definition of the majority criterion so that their preferred method doesn't fail it. For example, the majority criterion could be re-defined so that approval voting passes by saying that as long as any of the candidates who are "approved" by a majority of voters wins (under approval rules multiple candidates can exceed 50%), then the re-defined criterion is met. Approval voting would meet this re-defined majority criterion even if the candidate that an absolute majority (more than 50%) thinks is the best choice is defeated by a candidate that nobody (0%) thinks is the best choice, as can happen with approval voting.
It is also important to be clear about the meaning of "meeting" or "failing" a criterion. Failing a criterion is not necessarily absolute. As used in election theory, a criterion is met only if a voting method satisfies it in 100% of conceivable elections. A voting method might comply with the criterion in 99.9999% of cases, but still be said to "fail."
What exactly is the monotonicity criterion?
Now we turn to the monotonicity criterion. Monotonicity can be defined as follows: A candidate x should not be harmed (i.e., change from being a winner to a loser) if x is raised on some ballots without changing the relative orders of the other candidates.
Here is a standard explanation of IRV failing a monotonicity criterion paraphrased from Wikipedia. Suppose there are 3 candidates, and 100 votes cast. The number of votes required to win is therefore 51. Suppose the votes are cast as follows in an IRV election.
Number of ballots | 1st Preference | 2nd Preference |
39 | Andrea | Belinda |
35 | Belinda | Cynthia |
26 | Cynthia | Andrea |
No candidate has a majority of the vote. Last-place candidate Cynthia is eliminated, and in the instant runoff her votes count for Andrea, who wins in the second round with a majority of 65 to 35.
Now suppose 10 Belinda voters drop their support for her and rank Andrea first instead.
Number of ballots | 1st Preference | 2nd Preference |
49 | Andrea | Belinda |
25 | Belinda | Cynthia |
26 | Cynthia | Andrea |
Andrea again is the plurality winner on the first count, but falls short of a majority. This time, however, Belinda is in last place. She is eliminated first this time, and in the second round all ballots cast for her are counted for Cynthia, who vaults to a victory 51 to 49. In this case Andrea's preferential ranking increased between elections - more voters put her first - but this increase in support appears to have caused her to lose because they led to Belinda being eliminated instead of Cynthia.
In order to emphasize the appearance of a paradox, criticism of IRV based on non-monotonicity is frequently presented in a misleading way, along the following lines: "Having more voters rank candidate Andrea first, can cause Andrea to switch from being a winner to being a loser." This is not correct, however. It is not the fact that Andrea gets more votes that causes her to lose. In fact getting more first preferences, by itself, can never cause a candidate to lose with IRV. With regards to additional voters casting votes that rank Andrea as the top choice, IRV is indeed monotonic.
The actual cause of a non-monotonic flip with IRV is the shift of support among other candidates (the decline in support for candidate Belinda in the Wikipedia example above), which changes which candidate Andrea faces in the final match-up. The fact that those ten voters shifted to Andrea was irrelevant, and did not cause Andrea to lose. The result would have been the same if those voters had shifted their votes to a fourth candidate or not been cast at all.
This difference is quite important. The rhetorical impact of this reality is less persuasive and certainly sounds a lot less paradoxical—i.e., now the failure becomes "If support for other candidates shifts so that candidate Andrea faces a stronger opponent in the final runoff, Andrea could switch from being a winner to being a loser." Indeed it is this "paradox" that is often the basis for primary election campaigns in our system where a candidate makes the claim of "electability." Essentially that candidate is saying, "you might like my primary opponent better, but I am a stronger general election candidate."
Note how this example illustrates an important point about hypothetical voting examples concocted to demonstrate pathologies. They are often extremely unrealistic, which can be lost in a blizzard of A's, B's and C's. In this case, in order to switch from Belinda to Andrea, 10 voters have to skip over their original second choice, Cynthia, in favor of their original last choice. And this has to happen without any other changes taking place in the electorate. How often is this going to happen in real elections?
What does this mean, and is monotonicity significant in real world elections?
In terms of the frequency of non-monotonicity in real-world elections: there is no evidence that this has ever played a role in any IRV election -- not the IRV presidential elections in Ireland, nor the literally thousands of hotly contested IRV federal elections that have taken place for generations in Australia, nor in any of the IRV elections in the United States.
True, in theory, in a close election, if enough supporters of candidate A knew enough about the likely rankings of other voters they could, in some rare situations vote strategically as follows: Instead of ranking their true favorite as number one, they could give that first ranking to the weaker of the two likely opponents in the likely final match-up with A, in hopes of helping their favorite candidate win in the final runoff tally. Indeed you can see this happen in traditional runoff systems or in "open primary" systems – consider Rush Limbaugh's "operation chaos" strategy in the 2008 Democratic presidential nomination where he urged his conservative radio listeners to vote in the Democratic primary for Hillary Clinton, secure in his knowledge that John McCain was already assured of receiving the Republican nomination.
But this scenario is far-fetched in IRV elections for a number of reasons. Firstly, it is a tremendously risky venture, since if too many voters follow the strategy it could seriously backfire and cause the favored candidate to be eliminated before the final runoff is reached or lose in the final runoff. Unlike the Limbaugh strategy in the 2008 Democratic primary, one's true first choice isn't guaranteed a spot in the final pairing without real support – with IRV, voters don't get to switch their first choice between rounds, and so lack of monotonicity is less significant than with two-round runoff elections, which also fail the criterion. Second, the strategy would also require a substantial amount of reliable information about the likely first and alternate rankings of other voters – information that will not be easy to obtain, and certainly not in a way that would likely govern voting decisions. Combined with the fact that the strategy is counter-intuitive, these facts make its use extremely unlikely.
The "later-no-harm" criterion is far more important than monotonicity because, unlike the monotonicity failure, it has direct strategic consequences. In a nutshell, a voting method fails the later-no-harm criterion if there is a risk that by indicating a second choice in any way (a ranking as in the Borda count or Bucklin system, another vote as in approval voting and points as in range voting), a voter might help defeat his or her first choice. This criterion has serious real-world implications, as there is substantial evidence that it leads some voters to honestly rank only their favorite choice under such methods as approval, Bucklin, Borda, Condorcet and Range Voting. Even worse, perhaps, would be if many voters grasped the strategic value of such "bullet voting" and many others didn't, thereby giving insincere tactical voters a big advantage over sincere voters casting ballots as the instructions suggest they should. Thus all of the mathematical niceties of these other methods go out the window by voters' refusal to play along and risk hurting their first choice.
Monotonicity has little if any real world impact, and voting methods that satisfy that criterion tend to fail the majority and later-no-harm criteria, which can dramatically affect voting behavior and produce what are considered by most to be undemocratic outcomes.


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But I have a photo of only one.
When I first came to the Coastside in the 1970s I was not only very young but there were other very young people living here, too. Not many–because the population, in general, was a low number. They had come from Buffalo, NY, Ohio and southern California– I don't think I met anyone who had grown up in San Francisco, like me.
I have struggled, and continue to struggle with trying to explain why they were here, the attraction. It was unusual, I thought. The common denominator seemed to have something to do with strong personalities and a need for independence. Because the Coastside was a big, open place in the 1970s there was lots of space around these people and you could see them clearly. No blurring. They had definition.
The real locals, the authentic ones who had lived here all their lives, could have described us as "the intruders", but it's my word. We intruded on what had been exclusively theirs for decades.
To the Richards: There was "Rotten Richard". He was thin and wiry and worked as an electrician. Everybody called him "Rotten Richard" but I don't know why. He was a nice guy. He lived in a big, new house at the golf course when the golf course was very young. I (and my ex) were invited to a party there and Rotten Richard played host to his many friends– and I recall feeling surprised when the lady mayor, better known as "The Godmother", strolled through.
Another Richard was Richard English– who had to be distinguished from the third Richard, Richard "the Englishman" who is an Englishman.
Unlike the other two Richards who had nicknames, Richard English didnt' have one. Maybe that's why he called himself "Big Red Dick" He was a tall, trim, redheaded man,, the kind of guy you were always glad to see. You knew he could make you laugh, a funny thing he personalized just for you.
This Richard also kept busy in the building business–but in the 1970s "wanderlust" had a grip on him. He was always moving away from the Coastside. And every time he announced he was leaving, someone would throw a wild party for him. The last one I recall was given by the beautiful Leah, the manager of the popular Crab Cottage in Princeton owned by El Granada's Tom Monaghan. The doors of the restaurant, now gone, closed, and great fun was had by one and all.
PHOTO at left: The Crab Cottage, in Princeton, a seafood restaurant, now gone, where goodbye parties were held for the, red-haired Richard English. You can see the Princeton Hotel across the way from the Crab Cottage.
But Richard English couldn't stay away from the Coastside for long–everytime he left he soon returned and spent the rest of his life here.
Of the three Richards, I only have a picture of the successful Coastside plumber, Richard Henry, also known as "Richard the Englishman"–because he has an English accent. When there were no fences to stop you from riding your horse from Montara to Half Moon Bay, Richard, his dark curly hair flying in the wind, zipped along the cliffs. Within recent years, he came to a party at my house in El Granada– riding in a horse-driven cart all the way from Montara–down Hwy 1.
BELOW: Here's a photo of Richard "the Englishman" taken 30 years ago.
Sadly, two of the Richards are gone. "Rotten Richard" died long ago and recently we lost Richard English, a resident of Pescadero. BUT I DO NOT WANT TO CONFUSE YOU–RICHARD HENRY, "the Englishman" and Coastside plumber, is still around and graces us with his charming English accent.


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Where is it?
M60 junction 18, the notional north-east corner of a circular road, where the M62 merges in for a multiplex around the northern section, and the M66 terminates.
What's wrong with it?
This is essentially the dictionary definition of the word "shambles". Quite aside from the fact that it's another of those evil concoctions, the three-level stacked roundabout, which is laughably under-capacity for such an interchange despite having huge renovations when the M60 was created, its main fault is that the through route doesn't go through it.
Make the simple, forgivable assumption that to stay on the M60 you continue straight on, and you will end up on the M62 or M66, depending on which direction you came from. There's no way to ignore it: to stay on the M60 you either have a tight left-turn sliproad or (worse) the problem of negotiating a six-lane roundabout with traffic lights. On a motorway. Wow.
Why is it wrong?
There's a simple reason for this one. When the junction was built, it was the crossing point of two motorways, the M62 and M66. Considering the M66 finished about two miles south of here, and didn't go that much further to the north, this was just fine and dandy.
When the M60 was created as a Manchester ring road, it was mostly done out of bits and pieces of existing motorway around Manchester — it used the south end of the M66 and the M62 around the north of the city, and so it had to pass through this junction. It's been modified to have six lanes around the roundabout and signs and traffic lights everywhere, but the fact remains that it's still a roundabout!
What would be better?
How about making the M60 free-flowing? It doesn't have to be the priority route through the junction (the M62 takes most of the traffic) — just something to prevent a continuously numbered motorway from passing through three sets of traffic lights. How about tunnelling under as at M1/M62? Still bad, but better than this.
Right to reply
This is truly a shocking roundabout - I have used it constantly since before the M60 was opened, and the number of times I've had a near-miss can be counted as a near-daily experience.
Since the M60 has been open, the roundabout has been re-organised so that traffic moves over 2 lanes for every exit - this is all fine and dandy for those used to the junction (or used to paying attention to roadmarkings) but to Joe Public who just assumes you move over once...I actually approach this roundabout watching every other car now, knowing at least twice a week someone will attempt to insert themselves into the same bit of road as me. Bad design.
I use this junction daily. It's not just the junction design that's bad, it's the timing of the traffic lights too. It's been known (and I've sat in it) on a bad day that the queue of traffic wanting to leave the northern arm of the M60 and head onto the eastern M60 heads all the way down to before junction 17, and can cause gridlock back to the M61!
And combined with the affect it has at Whitefield where you can queue for an hour just to get onto the M60.
Nicholas, your frustration is shared - I've experienced this junction both from working in Bury (one exit back) and Wigan (from the M61, three exits back), and you're completely right - the amount of time I've hit traffic in the rush hour at the bottom end of the M61 (some two miles or so back), caused purely by people queuing on Simister Island, are uncountable.
I said it before and I'll say it again, bad design!
This is a tricky junction but... did you know if you approach in the correct lane, if you then follow the same colour of tarmac you will get to your correct exit! There's pink, green, black and yellow tarmac to follow!
I live two minutes from here and use this daily. I actually find it quite amusing how people cannot follow the corkscrew of lines on the roundabout: just stick in the same lane, marked with paint and coloured tarmac, and you won't go wrong. Where this junction falls down is that if you are on the M60 intending to stay on the M60 you must all squash over into one lane, which is madness for a 4 lane motorway at both sides.
What people dont realise is that they can actually use lane two as well, all the way up to the junction; if coming from the west to south (clockwise), you can stay in lane two until the last mile, then move over into the slip road for the M60, as a healthy amount of traffic heads north up the M66 with the lane 1 sliproad. If coming from south to west then you can also stay in lane two, bypass the traffic all the way to the lights, then bear left off the roundabout. Why people wish to sit in all that gridlock when they could drive straight through I don't know.
It's actually possibly one of the daftest excuses for a junction in the country, but surprisingly, when people drive properly around it you can be through the chaos in quite a quick time.
The HA really need to widen the approach slip roads to 3 lanes though as traffic backing up for the signals blocks the left turn filters.
I use this junction every day, M60 clockwise exiting for the M66 north. Around 7.30am it is a soul destroying experience and a shining example of idiotic road planning.
The first two of the four lanes on the M60 are backed up past the previous junction (M60 J17). Only the first lane is supposed to be the exit lane, but drivers block the second lane too, reducing the M60 to two lanes.
So you have to fight your way through this mess, the vast majority of which is heading through the lights onto the M60, to reach the exit slip road for the M66 north.
The M60 should be continuous, I am amazed that they thought a roundabout and set of lights could be used to join two of the busiest motorways in the country and throw in a third motorway into the mix too.
At that time, the M66 south is no better for the people attempting to go around the roundabout to join the M60 anti-clockwise.
Perhaps a cheapish way to improve this junction would be to add slip roads from the inside of the roundabout onto the motorways, to accomodate right-turn movements. This would remove the points of conflict, since all drivers will move outside-to-inside for right turns, similar to a whirlpool-style junction.
Add in some barriers to force drivers to take the correct lanes, and hey presto! it's free-flowing. The corners would be a little tight, but surely it has to be an improvement over the current situation.
How about building a loop westbound from the M62 side round to the M66 southbound. With slips a bit like those on the M42 north to M6 east to stop weaving, this would solve most of the problems.
''A loop westbound from the M62 side round to the M66 southbound''; ? Is it just me or does that not make any sense whatsoever?
I assume Chris meant a cloverleaf-style loop in the northern quadrant to carry the M60 clockwise traffic. It's all farmland there so space isn't an issue. Problem I see is a small loop would mean an unacceptably short weave between the loop entry/exit and the roundabout slip roads, a large loop would both cost more and might be a long enough distance that satnavs choose the roundabout instead anyway, and bridging the loop over/under the roundabout slip roads would cost even more.
That said the third type, with the loop bridging the roundabout slips, might work well. Be cheaper I reckon than directional tunnels like at M1/M62 since you only have to cross two slip roads not a whole motorway.
Thats exactly what I meant. A better example would be the M62/M57 junction.
Ah, so M62 Eastbound (NOT Westbound), to M66 Southbound? That makes sense now. Yes, bridging the roundabout would be expensive and difficult to squeeze in as well I would think.
We are the laughing stock of Europe. Surely when major motorways converge it doesn't take rocket science to see if you put traffic lights there the flow will back up. If it was your drains you would drown in it. This junction needs a major rethink with unrestricted flow in all directions not limiting access or exit. Tunnels, flyovers, two tier sections. This is the 21st century. Create some employment and save the billions of £'s lost in travel time. When all is said and done we will pay one way or another.
I'm not happy that the exits from both the M60 and M62 that are being converted to Smart Motorway have not been converted to tiger tail exits, instead leaving everyone to crush into a single lane.
It's almost as if the powers that be have given up on this junction.
M60,M66 and M62 should be a 4 level stack interchange and remove the roundabout and traffic light layout or be like M1 junction 19 catthorpe interchange.
I have used this junction a lot over the years, but not much recently, and usually I'm going from m60 north to m62 east during the day and coming back at night time, but coming back is just a left turn. Tonight though I went m60 north to m62 east which is a right turn of course. At day time I at least think the road markings are clear. At night time is just terrible. Street lights on the m60 stop just before the junction, the junction is unlit and during the eternal roadworks the 3 lane slip road onto the m62 (1 lane from the m66, 2 from the roundabout) merges to 1 lane with little warning. It's a real worry that they won't have finished the roadworks when the clocks change and rush hour will be in darkness.its also a real shame the roadworks did not improve this junction. And given the 'not quite' link of the m60 / a627m it means the movement from m60 to m62 are busy and frustratingly unavoidable without going down Broadway which is also pretty poor.
Actually, having had a drive through here, as has been mentioned it wouldn't be impossible to have a cloverleaf after you've gone over the roundabout (heading East on the M62,) crossing over the two slip roads that go from M66 South to M62 East, and joining the M66 just before it goes under the roundabout. With a bit of hedge cutting it looks like there's even enough room to have an extra lane all the way under the roundabout, until the other side where the Westbound M62 to Southbound M60 slip joins.
What's worse is not the design but the people that use it daily and don't know what lane to be in. For example if heading towards M60 from M62 and wanting to go to the M66 there's two lanes to use, two sign posts telling you to use the two lanes to head 270 degrees around the roundabout but almost always traffic in the right lane tries to cut up those in the left lane rather than following their lane all the way around. They should never have created a roundabout though. I'm sure it could have been possible to create something similar to how the M6 to M62 works in order to attempt to keep traffic flowing with the slip roads then leading to their own lanes.


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Visiting Scholars Program 2019
Overview :
The Visiting Scholar Programme (VScP) has been instituted at the Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research (IGIDR) as one of its outreach activities with the objective of supporting research being conducted by Ph.D scholars and junior faculty members of Colleges and Universities in India. The scholarship will enable up to five selected scholars to spend three months at a stretch at IGIDR anytime during 1st Sept. 2019 to 31st March 2020 to work on a proposal that can be satisfactorily completed during their stay.
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At the time of application, applicants should possess a Masters degree in any field and be registered for Ph.D on a topic broadly involving any area of economics, including energy and environmental policy. Applicants are required to submit their curriculum vitae (CV), a research proposal and two letters of recommendation. One of the letters of recommendation should be from the concerned Ph.D supervisor in the case of a Ph.D student, and the principal of the College/University in the case of a junior faculty member. Recommendation letters should clearly give the contact details of the Referee. Candidates should clearly mention in the application the preferred three-month period of stay at IGIDR. The final period of stay could change depending on the availability of accommodation.
Research Proposal :
The proposal should involve economic issues, including those related to energy and environment. It should be strictly within 1500 words, and its scope should be such that the project can be completed in three months. Proposals in both theoretical and empirical issues will be considered. The research proposal should be accompanied by a signed certification by the applicant as well as by the concerned thesis Supervisor/Principal, stating that the research proposal is original work of the applicant, and has not been submitted to any journal for publication.
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'Godzilla vs. Kong': A Full Recap of the MonsterVerse So Far
Look, you can't just go into Godzilla vs. Kong cold. How will you be able to understand the characters' intricate motivations if you haven't been fully versed on the "MonsterVerse" so far? You'd be totally lost, unsure why the giant monkey was pounding the fire-breathing mega-lizard.
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Watch our MonsterVerse recap below:
If you liked this video recapping the entire Legendary MonsterVerse, check out some more of our videos below, including a wild Jurassic Park theory, the most important scene in Pixar history, and the scene that explains the difference between The Avengers and Justice League. Plus, there's tons more videos over at ScreenCrush's YouTube channel. Be sure to subscribe to catch all our future episodes.
Gallery — Sci-Fi Movies That Actually Predicted the Future:


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Ukrainian women who were raped by Russian soldiers are among the millions of refugees who have fled to Poland.
And they now find themselves in a country that severely restricts access to reproductive health care, including both contraception and abortion.
Poland has long been an outlier in Europe in terms of abortion law. It is one of only two member states of the European Union that has not legalized abortion on request. (The other is Malta).
And while courts in other parts of the world – Colombia, for example – are liberalizing abortion laws. Poland has been moving in the opposite direction. Abortions had previously been legal in cases of fetal abnormality but last year they too were barred by a 2020 court ruling.
Current Polish law still permits abortion up to 12 weeks when the pregnancy is the result of a crime — rape or incest — or when it poses a serious risk to the life or health of the pregnant person.
But in practice, activists and providers say, abortions for rape victims are almost never performed. "The rape exception is meaningless," says Mara Clarke, founder of the London-basedAbortion Support Network. "You have to prove that you were raped with a certified letter from a public prosecutor. Expecting that anyone, Polish or Ukrainian, will be able to file a criminal complaint and obtain a conviction in time to access an abortion is ludicrous."
"The rape victim has to explain who, where and how," Krystyna Kacpura, president of the Federation for Women and Family Planning (Federa), a Polish reproductive rights organization, said in an interview by phone from her office in Warsaw. "Of course, for Ukrainian women who were raped by Russian soldiers, this is impossible. And anyway, many of them are so traumatized that they will not speak about it at all —not even with us."
Reports of rape by Russian soldiers
Over the nearly four months since Russia invaded Ukraine on Feb. 24, reports of sexual violence perpetrated by Russian soldiers have proliferated. The head of a U.N. team investigating possible human rights abuses in Ukrainetold NPR that they had received "high numbers of allegations of sexual violence" in the areas around Kyiv when they were controlled by Russian forces.
While precise numbers are not known, Ukraine's ombudsman for human rights, Lyudmyla Denisova, reported that in the first two weeks of April alone her office received400 reports of rape committed by Russian soldiers.
"In almost all of the cases reported to us, victims said that the rapes were committed by groups of soldiers," said Yuliia Anosova, a lawyer with La Strada Ukraine, a human rights organization that runs a hotline for victims of human trafficking and gender-based violence. "Some also mentioned that the soldiers did not use condoms, so one might assume that there could be a number of unwanted pregnancies."
In late March, a group of Polish politicianscalled on the government to expedite the legal abortion process for women who have been sexually assaulted by Russian soldiers and to ensure that rape victims are able to terminate their pregnancy in any public hospital – where doctors currently can decline to perform an abortion if they feel that doing so conflicts with their personal values or beliefs.
"So that they don't have to travel from Rzeszów to Szczecin, or from Lublin to Zielona Góra," says Wanda Nowicka, a member of parliament from the opposition Left Party.
Asked to comment on the availability of abortion services, the Polish Ministry of Health emailed a statement to NPR, noting: "Termination of pregnancy may be performed by a doctor in Poland in two cases, i.e. when: 1) pregnancy poses a threat to the life or health of a pregnant woman, 2) there is a justified suspicion that the pregnancy resulted from a prohibited act.
"When there is a justified suspicion that the pregnancy resulted from a prohibited act, the provisions of the Act [of March 12, 2022 on assistance to Ukrainian citizens] provide that this circumstance is confirmed by the public prosecutor, and termination of pregnancy is allowed if no more than 12 weeks have elapsed from the beginning of pregnancy."
Offering assistance to Ukrainian refugees in Poland
But concerns have been raised about the ability of Ukrainian refugees to gain access to reproductive health services, including abortion, in Poland.
Following a press briefing last week on the topic, the UNHCR, the world's top refugee agency, emailed NPR: "We are aware of reports surfacing on various forms of gender-based violence (GBV), including conflict-related sexual violence in Ukraine. Women and girls are at a heightened risk of GBV in the context of war and forced displacement, and more vulnerable to risks of exploitation and abuse.
"Survivors need safe access to life-saving multi-sectoral specialized care that is survivor centered. Immediate response services include case management, mental health and psychosocial support and clinical services such [as] emergency contraception and HIV prophylaxis. Sexual violence including rape may result in pregnancies. Although the law in Poland permits the termination of pregnancies in certain situations, survivors have reported practical barriers in accessing some of these critical services, which should be addressed, in alignment with national laws."
And that's where the abortion advocates are stepping in.
"We decided within the first week of the war that we would help Ukrainian refugees with access to reproductive health services," said Kacpura.
Kacpura and colleagues published a downloadable brochure in Ukrainian and Russian on the Federa site guiding readers through the various reproductive health services available in Poland and how to find them. And they set up a helpline run by a Ukrainian gynecologist, Dr. Miroslava Marchenko, who started volunteering with Federa after fleeing from Kyiv.
When a person asks about getting an abortion in Poland, Marchenko refers them to the websites of organizations abroad – such as Women Help Women or Women on Web – where they can order abortion pills to be delivered by mail. For those with pregnancies too far along to use pills, the Poland-based groupAbortion Without Borders can help arrange travel to a clinic in a neighboring country. Poland does not prohibit the act of having an abortion, but anyone who assists a pregnant person in having an abortion could be prosecuted.
Indeed, in January 2021, the Polish activist Justyna Wydrzyńska was charged with "helping with an abortion" after she gave abortion pills from her own supply to a pregnant woman who told her that she was trying to escape an abusive relationship.
"What I did was a gesture of the heart," said Wydrzyńska in an interview by phone from her home in Warsaw, where she's currently awaiting her second trial hearing. If found guilty, Wydrzyńska faces up to three years in prison. "But I'm not afraid," she said, adding that she continues to volunteer for Abortion Without Borders, where she's gotten dozens of calls from Ukrainian refugees seeking information on abortion. "What we're doing is really important. We cannot stop."
Meanwhile, other grassroots groups are working to facilitate Ukrainian refugees' access to emergency contraception, which can prevent pregnancy if taken within 72 hours of unprotected sex. Though previously available over the counter to women 15 and older, Poland's right wing Law and Justice partyreinstated the prescription requirement in 2017. Members ofDoctors for Women, an informal Polish group of licensed physicians, pledge to write prescriptions for patients whenever another doctor declines to do so on the grounds that it conflicts with his or her personal values or beliefs. There's also the Day After Collective, a network of dozens of people in cities and towns across the country who provide free emergency contraception for anyone in need of it.
Starting up a hotline
And soon after the war began, Nastya Podorozhnya, a Ukrainian journalist and activist, launched a hotline called Martynka.
"It started out as an initiative [to protect Ukrainian women] from trafficking and sexual assault and the various other threats they could face in a foreign land — even one as welcoming as Poland.
"There are so many good people here who genuinely want to help," she said. "But there are also people who want to do harm, and it can be extremely difficult to find what you need in another language — whether it's a psychologist or a lawyer or an abortion."
Over a Zoom call from her apartment in Krakow, where she's been living since 2014, Podorozhnya described how she had fended off an attempted rape several years ago and then had to go through the process of trying to prove to the Polish police "that it really happened – that it wasn't just a fight," she said. "It was not easy, and that's partly because of the way Poland treats rapes in general. It's a very narrow definition."
Indeed, in their report on a visit to Poland in December 2018, members of a United Nations working group on discrimination against women in law and practice noted their concern that rape there "is defined by specific types of coercion rather than [on the basis of] consent, as this can result in some cases being dismissed."
Podorozhnya set out to make sure Ukrainian refugees have access to the sorts of resources she wished she had during her own ordeal – as well as aid them in accessing abortion services.
When refugees began arriving en masse, Podorozhnya made her way to the border town of Przemysl with dozens of stickers featuring the Martynka logo, a female figure holding a sword, with a phone number and the words in Ukrainian and Russian: "Your defender in Poland." She left them on the walls of the women's bathroom in the Przemysl train station and in a rest area for women only. Podorozhnya is well aware of Wydrzyńska, the activist now on trial for "helping with an abortion," and sometime she feels nervous, she says.
"But then I think about what the Russians are doing to women in Ukraine," she said, "and I stop worrying about my own situation. I'm too angry to be afraid."
Patrick Adams is a freelance journalist based in Atlanta. Find him on Twitter @jpatadams
Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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In the first case, Evans et al. v. City of Durham et al., for which the 98-page opinion is embedded below, the court granted in part and denied in part motions to dismiss. This case appears to involve the players criminally charged who settled with Duke, so the university is not a party.
While it will take a while to analyze the opinion, this part jumped out at me (pp 49-50):
"Having considered Plaintiffs' contentions in the present case with respect to the City, the Court concludes that Plaintiffs have sufficiently stated a claim for Monell liability against the City at this stage in the case. Specifically, the Court concludes that Plaintiffs have alleged that the City had a policy of targeting Duke students that led to multiple constitutional violations against Duke students, particularly by Gottlieb, and that the City through its final policymaking officials nevertheless continued the policy and ratified and condoned those violations. Plaintiffs have stated a plausible claim that this condoning of constitutional violations in the enforcement of the policy led to the constitutional violations and injuries alleged by Plaintiffs in the present case.[11 Whether evidence exists to support this contention is not a question before the Court on the present motions. Of course, at later stages in the case, Plaintiffs will be required to present evidence to support these contentions, including evidence to establish the existence of an official policy or custom, and proof that the policy was the cause of the constitutional violation and injuries alleged here."In the second case, McFaydyen et al v. Duke University et al., the court, in a 223 page opinion (copy here), the court allowed claims by three other players to move forward towards trial. In a third case, Carrington v. Duke University et al., involving even more players, a similar opinion was entered.
These second two cases which the judge noted were related to each other and the first case, but not consolidated, also involve claims against Duke and numerous of it employees, as well as various police officials.
What this means is the the plaintiffs in all cases, comprising numerous the players, now will get to take depositions, subpeona evidence and otherwise find out precisely what went on in the City of Durham and at Duke which led to their almost being railroaded.
Update: Prof. KC Johnson, the expert on the Duke Lacrosse saga, is analyzing the decisions at Durham-in-Wonderland. I'll let him read all several hundred pages!
Evans et al v City of Durham et al Memorandum Decision On Motions to Dismiss
(The wording of this post was updated to reflect the multiple lawsuits and decisions.)
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Muscle growth -- it's what every athlete desires from a life spent lifting heavy. One of the biggest contributors to muscle growth is a little hormone called HGH, human growth hormone. This hormone stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration in humans. Unfortunately, using exogenous HGH is highly illegal and can come with serious side effects.
However, there is an all-natural way to stimulate greater HGH release in the body and Blackstone Labs has come up with the ultimate HGH-boosting formula in Growth.
Growth is a superior all-natural way to boost growth hormone release and get a better night's sleep for superhuman muscle building and recovery.
The Black Stone Labs Growth is far and away, one of our most popular items. People can't seem to get enough of it.
Inventory Last Updated: Jul 25, 2024
Inventory Last Updated: Jul 25, 2024


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UPDATE #3: Producers apparently began to look into Jermaine's past after rumors swirled that his dad hadn't really abandoned him at all. Jermaine's dad confessed that the two actually see each other regularly and that he did not abandon his son 10 years ago, as previously claimed. After Jermaine began tweeting that he never told producers anything about his dad abandoning him, they began to dig deeper to uncover his spool of lies…and the rest is now history.
UPDATE #2: Jermaine Jones has since deleted his tweet. Hmmm… Idol blog, Mjsbigblog, has a pic of the deleted tweet.
UPDATE: Jermaine Jones just tweeted, "Awww I will no longer b on the show"
Internet reports are swirling that American Idol will be kicking off a season 11 hopeful Wednesday night – during the Performance show. The unnamed contestant allegedly concealed a history of crimes in 2011, one involving violence. Claims are surfacing that the unnamed contestant used an alias with the authorities. According to the show source who leaked the information, the contestant has outstanding warrants for his/her arrest, which the singer concealed from production. Per reports, the contestant was confronted on camera and will be ousted during Wednesday's live performance show.
It's no question that this might have been leaked "on purpose," if you will to drum up hype and attention for tomorrow's telecast. American Idol has been declining in the ratings, in hot competition with NBC's The Voice. Is this contrived or is this really a MAJOR oversight from producers who have ousted the sordid past of so many hopeful in the show's 11 season history.
If anymore details surface, we'll be sure to post them here. Stay tuned with the Yak for more developments.


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The EU's General Affairs Council has adopted legislation to improve the planning of maritime activities.
The new Maritime Spatial Planning Directive will help Member States develop and coordinate various activities taking place at sea so that they are as efficient and sustainable as possible.
EU Fisheries Commissioner Maria Damanaki welcomed the Council's green light by stating: "We want to make the growth of maritime sectors both smart and sustainable.
"The Directive reconciles the diverse uses of the sea and will make access to maritime space more predictable.
"This will help avoid potential conflicts between users, so that businesses can enjoy a more stable and assured environment, and so that we can better manage the impact of human activities on the marine environment."
Commissioner for the Environment Mr Janez Potocnik added: "This is a good example of how economic development and safeguarding the environment can go hand in hand. Good planning means a win on both counts."
The Directive is a cornerstone in the EU's Blue Growth strategy, allowing more efficient implementation of EU legislation for both economic and environmental gain.
With Maritime Spatial Planning, operators and developers will have greater certainty about their investments and should also see a reduction in red tape.
Each relevant EU Member State must now transpose the Directive into their national legislation and to nominate a Competent Authority in charge of its implementation by September 2016.
Although national maritime spatial plans must comply with a number of minimum requirements set by the Directive, countries are free to tailor the content of the plans to their specific economic, social and environmental priorities, as well as to their cultural traditions and legal context.


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iovetea wrote:please no matter who is right don't say you have to pay astronomic prices for a good real pu erh. you only support cutthroat price pushers and only people with moon prices will survive.
I'm sure there are places were you can get a pu for a reasonable price without making greedy people rich.
Also i wouldn't use Taobao as reference point, maybe good pu erh traders don't even use taobao who knows. Maybe people know westerners use taobao and the prices are inflated to begin with and people who sell pu erhs in the west realistically would be crazy to tell you the prices are inflated.
Hope this isn't too much of a thread hijack, but I've seen you say similar things elsewhere on the forum. I personally feel like you have a secret vendetta out there against puerh as a tea type. I don't blame you if you don't like it, I don't like it much either, but I tend to keep stuff around for a change of pace.
Puerh has always been a less expensive tea option, and I would dare say 10 years or so ago, it was vastly below where it should have been in price as a tea product. I think you unrealistically expect that prices will drop that low ever again. The truth is now, a lot of people are drinking puerh, even more is quite a few people are drinking it young, or buying it young hoping to hold onto it. Granted while most people hands down will prefer a typical green tea or oolong tea, compared to a typical puerh.
But for about 50 dollars you can buy puerh cakes that are at least 300grams ( likely more), that most people would consider rather high quailty for a puerh. That's less than 17 cents a gram, whereas there are certain types of teas where I would be skeptical of any type of that tea offered for less than 20 cents a gram. Yancha being one, while I am not saying there are not good quality and value Yancha out there, I am saying its just basically unheard of. Heck even most green teas are likely suspect for under 20 cents a gram, ( Japanese teas oddly excepted from this statement).
So you have a lot more people buying Puerh, with a comparatively minimal increase in production (in fact I've heard about tea fields in Yunnan being torn down so they could cultivate either coffee or rubber). The price of puerh had to adjust. Yes you can often still buy puerh bings for 10USD or less, but those like most things that seem too good to be true, might be closer to weed clippings, than actual tea. Wake up the Puerh bubble is over, the price went from too low, to too high, then things have settled down a bit and are likely much closer to where they should be for today's market.


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Okay, so that's GAME OVER for the State of Illinois. Ball four... take a hike... we'll see you back here in 2014 or 2015. Take some time off, you deserve it. ... (Continue reading)
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Jazz: Cornet and Dance
Original acrylic painting from the series "Jazz and the Familiar," which celebrates jazz music and its famous musicians. In addition, Yuen added a few portraits of family and friends, which she dramatized and glamorized, playing on the idea that they are "famous" in her life.
36" x 36" x 0.75" stretched canvas with black painted sides.


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The Great Comet Tickets
Imperial Theatre | New York, New York
If you're a fan of The Great Comet then have we got a treat for you! As it takes place on Sunday 19th November 2017 at Imperial Theatre! What are you waiting for, grab yourself a ticket today and catch all of the live action!


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Among the staples of my presentation about customer experience is Target's ClearRx pharmacy system. It's a great story of design making a difference. What's more fascinating to me, though, is how such good design made it out into the world. Through reviewing explanations and interviews online, I pieced together some lessons of why it worked so well. I wrote about it for the HarvardBusiness.org blog.
There is one post tagged clearrx.


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nursing 22
Evidence-based project, part 5: recommending an evidence-based
Evidence-based project, part 5: recommending an evidence-based.
To Prepare:
- Reflect on the four peer-reviewed articles you critically appraised in Module 4.
- Reflect on your current healthcare organization and think about potential opportunities for evidence-based change.
The Assignment: (Evidence-Based Project)
Part 5: Recommending an Evidence-Based Practice Change
Create an 8- to 9-slide PowerPoint presentation in which you do the following:
- Briefly describe your healthcare organization, including its culture and readiness for change. (You may opt to keep various elements of this anonymous, such as your company name.)
- Describe the current problem or opportunity for change. Include in this description the circumstances surrounding the need for change, the scope of the issue, the stakeholders involved, and the risks associated with change implementation in general.
- Propose an evidence-based idea for a change in practice using an EBP approach to decision making. Note that you may find further research needs to be conducted if sufficient evidence is not discovered.
- Describe your plan for knowledge transfer of this change, including knowledge creation, dissemination, and organizational adoption and implementation.
- Describe the measurable outcomes you hope to achieve with the implementation of this evidence-based change.
- Be sure to provide APA citations of the supporting evidence-based peer reviewed articles you selected to support your thinking.
- Add a lessons learned section that includes the following:
- A summary of the critical appraisal of the peer-reviewed articles you previously submitted
- An explanation about what you learned from completing the evaluation table (1 slide)
- An explanation about what you learned from completing the levels of evidence table (1 slide)
- An explanation about what you learned from completing the outcomes synthesis table (1 slide)
Evidence-based project, part 5: recommending an evidence-based


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A beautiful Caribbean country with an exciting mix of different climates, customs and traditions – Venezuela is a great place to jump start your intercultural experiences. Whether you go to the mountains, the coast or the plans, you will always get to enjoy the buzz of Spanish.
Venezuelan teenagers love spending time with their families, or socializing with friends. They enjoy dancing and music from all over the Caribbean and the rest of the world. They will be happy to show you their moves and teach you how to dance!