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Records aside, plenty in common for Tarboro, Mount Airy
Sports Writer
Tuesday, December 5, 2017
RALEIGH — The wins, the blowouts, the talent and the recent history is all there for both teams.
Tarboro (14-0) and Mount Airy (14-0), set to face off this Saturday at N.C. State's Carter-Finley Stadium for the 1-AA state championship, have both had dominant seasons.
The Vikings, who beat Edenton Holmes, 50-7, last Friday to advance to the state title game, have yet to be challenged this season, a 28-0 victory in mid-September by far their closest margin of victory.
The Granite Bears, similarly lacking competition within their own conference, went one five-game stretch earlier this year with a combined 282 to 13 margin of victory. The toughest test came last week, when Mount Airy beat Murphy, 49-35, to set up this matchup.
But aside from a few parallels in each team's 2017 narrative, there is a certain likeness between these two towns.
To start with: the size. Tarboro and Mount Airy combined -- each town's population is around 10,000 -- could fit in Carter-Finley Stadium with about 37,000 seats to spare.
At the State Football Championships Press Conference and Information Session on Monday morning in Raleigh, both head coaches agreed: In both of their towns, there's a community that is in-tune with its football team.
"The biggest two things about us really, is that our two communities both love their teams and support them well," Mount Airy coach Kelly Holder said. "I can just say at Mount Airy, you can go back in our history of 70-something years, and I think we're third all-time in total wins. It's just been a big part of our community for a long time."
The Granite Bears fell a game short of this position a season ago. Its most recent state title came in 2008. Holder, in his 19th season, also reached the final in 2009, losing a 38-37 final in overtime to Wallace-Rose Hill. The excitement since Friday in the little town about 40 miles from Winston-Salem, said the coach, has been palpable.
"They expect us to be competitive," Holder continued. "They support us. It's important to them and it's important to us."
More than 211 miles to the east, in Tarboro, the same type of town-team relationship rings true.
"You've got two small towns, football-rich towns with a lot of tradition," Tarboro coach Jeff Craddock said. "Both know how to win big games and have won state titles in the past."
The Vikings are making their seventh trip to the state title game since 1972, six of which have come since 2008.
The Vikings, of course, enjoyed three straight title victories from 2009-11. The most recent appearance came in 2012, but they've reached at least the third round of the playoffs for the last 10 seasons.
"I would imagine from Mount Airy's point of view, much like Tarboro, we're the pride of town. It's Tarboro football. It brings our community together. It goes beyond what race or what area of town you're from," Craddock said. "On Friday night, it's time for Tarboro football. The town comes together. This is what a lot of fans in Tarboro live for — Tarboro football and a chance to win a championship."
Bear-ly one-dimensional
On offense, Mount Airy is led by a trio of players — quarterback Ian Holder (Kelly's son), running back Johnathon Smith and wide receiver Donovan Greene, a 6-foot-2 junior who has offers from several NCAA Division I schools.
Holder, who was a slot receiver last season, has 1,882 yards passing to go with 1,056 on the ground, while Smith leads the team with 1,477 rushing yards, but the amount of pressure that Greene puts on the defense sets the flow of the offense.
"The first thing you're going to have to do is decide if you're going to double him or not," Holder said. "It just really goes from there."
Against the Vikings, the challenge for the Granite Bears is simply game planning for all of them. The amount of talent and athleticism on a 1-AA school is just not normal, Holder said.
"If you're talking about individual athletes, we've got some kids that can run with them," he said. "But team-wise, they're fast everywhere. We're fast in spaces. They have probably as good team speed as anyone I've ever seen."
One of the big x-factors for Mount Airy is kicker Robert Brown, who missed just one extra point all year and has his name scattered across the NCHSAA kicking record books. His 320 career points is third most among kickers in state history.
"My kickers have done a good job on extra points, but their guy, booting 45-yard field goals, we can't touch that," Craddock said, laughing. "Hands down, advantage Mount Airy."


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|Contrast Agent Builds Up in Brain, FDA Warns
|Written by Editor
|Thursday, July 30, 2015 10:16 AM
Gadolinium-enhancing contrast agents used in MRI imaging may build up in the brain after repeated scans (4 or more). It is unknown if this poses adverse health effects.
The FDA is warning that gadolinium-enhancing contrast agents used in MRI imaging may build up in the brain after repeated scans.
It is unknown whether these gadolinium deposits are harmful or can lead to adverse health effects. The investigation follows recent reports that deposits of gadolinium-based contrast agents remain in the brains of some patients who have four or more contrast MRI scans, long after their last dose.
The FDA said physicians should consider limiting the use of these agents to "clinical circumstances in which the additional information provided by the contrast is necessary," also urging them to reassess the necessity of repetitive contrast MRIs in established treatment protocols.
The warning doesn't affect contrast-enhancing agents, such as those that use iodine or other radioisotopes.
After being administered, GBCAs are mostly eliminated from the body through the kidneys. However, trace amounts of gadolinium may stay in the body long-term. Recent studies conducted in people and animals have confirmed that gadolinium can remain in the brain, even in individuals with normal kidney function.
To reduce the potential for gadolinium accumulation, health care professionals should consider limiting GBCA use to clinical circumstances in which the additional information provided by the contrast is necessary. Health care professionals are also urged to reassess the necessity of repetitive GBCA MRIs in established treatment protocols.

subset: commoncrawl


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This site is entirely user-supported. See how you can help.
We don't have any photos of this building yet. Why don't you be the first to send us one?
Latitude: 50.9637 / 50°57'49"N
Longitude: -0.5013 / 0°30'4"W
OS Eastings: 505341
OS Northings: 119321
OS Grid: TQ053193
Mapcode National: GBR GJ8.D2V
Mapcode Global: FRA 96VK.DKD
Entry Name: New Place Manor
Listing Date: 15 March 1955
Last Amended: 9 May 1980
Grade: II*
Source: Historic England
Source ID: 1027340
English Heritage Legacy ID: 298556
Location: Pulborough, Horsham, West Sussex, RH20
County: West Sussex
District: Horsham
Civil Parish: Pulborough
Built-Up Area: West Chiltington Common
Traditional County: Sussex
Lieutenancy Area (Ceremonial County): West Sussex
Church of England Parish: Pulborough St Mary
Church of England Diocese: Chichester
New Place Manor
(Formerly listed as
New Place Manor Hotel
and Country Club)
The south portion of the building still standing is certainly medieval. It is built
of stone rubble in two sections. The west portion has 3 s and one window, the east
portion 2 storeys and one window. Tiled roof. Casement windows of 2 or 3 lights
with four centred heads and stone mullions. At the south-west corner of the south
front is a small projection at right angles to the main building containing a pigeon
loft in its upper portion with stone pigeon holes. The west wall of this medieval
part of the building fiasa large brick chimney stack in the centre of it with a
3-light stone window in it and 2.small blocked rectangular windows set in wooden
architrave surrounds below. The north wing of the house is an C18 addition. Two
storeys and attic 5 windows 3 gabled dormers. Faced with stone rubble with red
brick with dressings and quoins. Horsham slab roof. Modern casement windows.
Listing NGR: TQ0534119321
This text is from the original listing, and may not necessarily reflect the current setting of the building.
Other nearby listed buildings


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Barro & Marín (2002) used the notion of "softness of real world" in their book, meaning the computer applications are "hard" and real world is "soft". "Hardness" means stringency, precision and unexceptional validity of the natural laws through mathematical formulation; "Hardness" use empirical, experimental and quantifiable data, it is targeted on exactness and objectivity, "Softness" is based on conjectures and it relies on qualitative data and analysis (Seising & González, 2012).
Softness means the world is not composed of white and black. There are multi tones of gray in between. Barro & Marín (2002) state that, modelling real world applications in "hard" manner will lead to losing valuable information in the knowledge. Translation from a continuous space into a two-edged Boolean logic causes loss of precision.
The "hammer principle" of Zadeh is a very illustrative example to describe the situation. He says "when the only tool you have is a hammer, everything looks like a nail" (Seising & González, 2012). The saying clearly announces you need a tool box to handle different situations. The thing to do is not only to "nail". We have a wide array of context-depending situations to handle, so hard computing is not able to meet all the requirements.
A good example to this "soft real world" application is medical reasoning and decision making. A physician decides on diagnosis or prognosis, in very tough circumstances. In every case, there exist a multitude of possibilities and the information for that process is not sufficient, it is vague and noisy in most of the time. In all conditions, the resultant judgement is subjective and intuitive. Although computers are fast and have a very high capacity in memory, speed etc. compared to a human being, this kind of decision making process is not suitable for computers. It is very clear that computers and computer supported decision making process operate in zero-one, either-or, black-white, cold-hot, available-not available … etc. boolean logic, there is no value or concept in between. This kind of Boolean logic is not suitable for Medical Decision Making process. It has to consider and take into account many values and concepts in between these edge values.
Consider the medical statement "If the back pain is severe, and the patient is old, then apply acupuncture to certain point for a long time". To process this statement in a computer system, we need more than programming skills. All terms we need to model like 'severe', 'old', 'certain point', 'long time', are vague and fuzzy. These states, severe, old, etc., change according to the situation and case. A symptom or a test value may point a severe condition; the same indications may stand for a non-severe or less severe condition in another case, depending on the parameters. As the computer staff forces the medical staff to generalize the concepts into a computer readable and processable form, the resistance of the medical users rise and the success of the computer application falls. This situation arises from the Boolean logic of the computer assistance in decision making process.
Pathologic evaluation is another good example of this stalemate. It is neither a measurement nor a statistical calculation. Pathologic examination has the basic variables: Size, shape, color, borders, crowding of things, spatial relationship of different components etc. These variables are not expressed as numerical values during morphologic interpretation. For example, size as a variable, is expressed like "very small", "small", "medium-sized", "large", "extremely large", "monstrous".
Another point of soft computing requirement in the medical domain is the characteristics of the medical concepts. Medical concepts have an ongoing expanding and evolving nature, in addition, they are highly changeable and imprecise (Kwiatkowska, Michalik, & Kielan, 2012).
The examples of the problems impossible to solve using Boolean logic in medicine can be augmented in number. The solution to this dead end is found by the concept of fuzzy logic. The methods of fuzzy logic are suitable to this kind of endeavour and can lead to algorithms that mirror the non-explicit nature of clinical decision making (Hanson & Marshall, 2001; Steimann, 2001; Helgason & Jobe, 1999).


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Tarsem Jassar's debut movie emerges as first blockbuster of 2017, Prior release it was not expected to open at higher node like this movie has got brilliant!
Check out the opening collection of "Rabb Da Radio"
Friday : 75.02 (L)
Saturday : 86.07 (L)
Sunday : 98.63 (L)
This is the awesome response for a debut movie of an artist. Tarsem has already a very popular face in rural areas of punjab for his songs. After an overwhelming response to movie Tarsem is now a very well known face among urban audience too.
This is called pure first Blockbuster of 2017. The number of shows speaks itself. Planned 25 shows per day at Pvr north country mall mohali per day for RABB DA RADIO from 7th april. Many cinemas have planned shows double than First week . Proud to be part of this blockbuster as distributor. Thank you every one who is part of the project as said by " Munish Sahni " while conversation with him over phone call.
Congratulations to whole vehli janta films team. Movie has released in india by Omjee Group.


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In mobile speed dating, a whole bunch of people are starting to dish out dough for love — and most of them are abroad.
Tinder's $10 and $20 monthly subscriptions were a "major contributor" to subscription growth in IAC/InterActiveCorp's Match Group segment, Match Group Chairman Gregory Blatt said this week.
"Tinder is a significant part of the growth in both North America and international," Blatt explained on IAC's earnings conference call Wednesday night.
Interestingly, a vast majority of these users aren't in North America, though Americans still lead subscriptions for its other dating properties, including OKCupid and Match.com.
"Tinder actually has more paying subscribers outside of North America than inside," Blatt revealed.
The company did not specify where exactly the Tinder Plus growth is coming from; and did not respond to requests for comment from MarketWatch, but Jefferies analyst Brian Pitz estimates that Tinder now has about 500,000 paid subscribers. A group of Oppenheimer analysts broke it down further, estimating that Tinder Plus subscriptions grew 80% in the U.S. to 176,000, while international subscribers grew 70% to 338,000, representing two-thirds of total paid Tinder subscriptions.
Tinder is rapidly becoming a large part of the IAC US:IACI growth story, and it has become a major force behind IAC's plans to split off its Match dating segment. Tinder will likely play an important role regarding the ultimate valuation of Match when it goes public, Pitz said.
Also See: Tinder to help fuel lofty valuation for Match IPO
Tinder Plus allows people to rewind, or retrieve, a potential date they accidently swiped left on. It also includes a feature called Passport, which enables Plus users to select any location, rather than relying on their current location, to swipe for singles.
The company launched Tinder Plus in March as part of a push to monetize the dating app. It also recently introduced native ads to the platform, which appear as regular Tinder profiles.
On Wednesday, IAC partially attributed Tinder to an 18% increase to 4.1 million global subscriptions across all of its dating properties. The growth helped to reverse a year-earlier loss in the second quarter.
Following the quarterly results, Deutsche Bank increased its estimates on the company and raised its price target on the stock to $90, reiterating a buy rating. Analyst Ross Sandler placed a $1 billion valuation on Tinder.
"We believe the trajectory of Tinder app monetization remains front and center," Wells Fargo analyst Peter Sabler said.
Shares of IAC were up 0.5% to $77.56 in recent trade. They have increased 11% in the last three months, outperforming the broader S&P 500, which is up 1.2%.


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- 10:00 am Samaria Gorge
- 02:15 pm Hania
- 05:15 pm Rethymno
- 09:00 am Palace Of Knosos
- 01:14 pm The Port Of Heraklion
- 03:19 pm Historical Museum Of Crete
- 08:59 am Archanes
- 12:26 pm Fontana Morosini
- 01:30 pm Heraklion Archaeological Museum
- 04:35 pm Malia
- 07:00 am Elafonissi Beach
- 11:01 am Georgioupolis Beach
- 02:13 pm Frangokastello
- 07:09 pm Lake Voulismeni
- Free Time
- 10:00 am Spinalonga
- 02:32 pm St George Of Selinari Monastery
- 05:58 pm Sasteria
Wednesday 15, Nov Crete
10:00 am Stay for 3 hrs
The gorgeous Samaria Gorge is something of an off the beaten track sort of a destination while in...TOURS FROM USD 80.22
43.0 km | 1 hour 15 mins02:15 pm Stay for 2 hrs
Hania or Chania is the second largest city in Crete. There is a lot to do and see in this area. T...
64.5 km | 1 hour 0 mins05:15 pm Stay for 2 hrs
Rethymno on Crete Island has a very unique character. This area, is typical Cretian in the sense ...TOURS FROM USD 80.90
Thursday 16, Nov Crete
09:00 am Stay for 4 hrs
The Palace if Knosos in Malia is a lovely archeological marvel. This part of an ancient city is c...TOURS FROM USD 58.36
5.7 km | 14 mins01:14 pm Stay for 2 hrs
Heraklion is the most important town on the island of Crete and its port has been an important ce...
1.9 km | 5 mins03:19 pm Stay for 2 hrs
Crete history has certainly been action backed. From the Minoan Era to the Byzantine Era to the V...
Friday 17, Nov Crete
09:00 am Stay for 3 hrs
Archanes forms an important part of what was once ancient Crete. This city is a nostalgic look in...
18.7 km | 27 mins12:26 pm Stay for 1 hr
While in the Capital of Crete, Heraklion, one must visit the Fontana Morosini and the surrounding...
0.7 km | 3 mins01:30 pm Stay for 2:30 hrs
If you wish to get to know a bit more about the history of the island of Crete or are curious abo...TOURS FROM USD 17.11
36.2 km | 35 mins04:35 pm Stay for 2 hrs
Malia is another major town on the island of Crete. This place has managed to perfectly preserve ...
Saturday 18, Nov Crete
07:00 am Stay for 2 hrs
Elafonissi Beach is a gorgeous area and shoreline that is sure to be an absolute delight for tour...TOURS FROM USD 67.46
110 km | 2 hours 1 min11:01 am Stay for 2 hrs
Cretan beaches are some of the most fascinating ones in the world and the Georgioupolis Beach is ...
51.7 km | 1 hour 12 mins02:13 pm Stay for 2 hrs
Frangokastello or Fragokastello is an area in Crete. The beach of this place is extremely popular...TOURS FROM USD 50.01
193 km | 2 hours 56 mins07:09 pm Stay for 2 hrs
Surrounded by the gorgeous city of Agios Nikolaos, this city lake is an amazing attraction to vis...
Sunday 19, Nov Crete
Stay for 02 hrs
Additional time available for you to plan. Just drag and drop any place into your itinerary to use up the available free time.
No transit found10:00 am Stay for 4 hrs
Spinalonga is a tiny islet not far off the coast of Crete Island. This lovely place his home to a...
29.4 km | 33 mins02:32 pm Stay for 2 hrs
Perhaps one of the lesser known sights in Greece, the George Selinary Monastery is one of the mos...
84.8 km | 1 hour 25 mins05:58 pm Stay for 2 hrs
Sasteria is a specially formed privately run observatory in Greece. It is a place to learn, explo...


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Optogenetics holds about as much scientific promise as many other rapidly advancing technologies combined. Certain genes have a distinct sensitivity to light. This field takes advantage of those genes in order to control or manipulate neurons in the brain. We don't often hear about optogenetics because it's a complex subject and we don't like to discuss the things we don't understand.
But really, who cares?
You don't need to understand how cancer works to know it's bad for you. You don't need to understand how a car works to know it takes you from place to place. And you don't need to understand anything about the mind of a Nazi to know you should stay away from him.
If you'd like a short explanation anyway, then watch this video. If not, then skip ahead!
Okay, so what do I need to know about optogenetics?
Great, so maybe you understand optogenetics and maybe you don't. What's really important are the benefits that the studies could provide us in the future. Here are a few of the most promising:
We already know that optogenetics can be used to treat cocaine addiction in mice. The same effects have been observed with other impulse-related diseases such as binge eating. Drugs derived from this type of research could one day help us better regulate our biological clocks. In order to test new treatments and drugs on humans, gene therapy is required. This is still a dangerous area of medicine, and the FDA hasn't yet gone anywhere near it.
Gene Therapy
Luckily, this will likely spur growth of technology in gene therapy as well (optogenetics is technically a form of this already). Gene therapy could lead to the end of cancer, genetic diseases, and any number of other human ailments. If we can perfect gene therapy techniques and bring this field of medicine to the mainstream, we could also extend our lives indefinitely!
Brain Mapping
Since optogenetics provides us knowledge about what certain neural pathways and cell structures do, it could help us gain a better understanding of the human brain and how it works. Needless to say, science is currently lacking in this department. But not for long! This and many other fields show signs of great progress.
Artificial Sleep
Need to catch a few winks, but you're suffering from insomnia? No problem. Scientists found that flooding certain groups of neurons with light can induce sleep. In mice, anyway. And we're not talking about just any sleep. We're talking REM sleep. Using optogenetics, we could all one day be dreaming every night.
In time, optogenetics could lead to an increased understanding of the human brain and better medicine, but these are only a few of the potential benefits. The science could lead to advancements across innumerable fields of science and technology.
What do you think?


text: I am new to the web site and this is my first post. I have to say this is a great web site. I am getting started in long range shooting/hunting. I have done a lot of hunting with shots in the 300-400 yard range, but I would like to extend that range. I have a Remington M700 BDL in .300 RUM. I was wondering if anyone has any good loads and what velocity and what kind of accuracy are you getting. I would like to use Accubonds in 180 or 200 grains, I have used Nosler ballistic tips in the past. There were some loads mentioned in older post (Tommy B), but not with velocities and how accurate they were. any help would be greatly appreciated.


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It has been a while since I've hit the presses. I have missed you all and am glad to be back on the blog. As noted in the header above, from October 10 -20 I visited many of the great events and galleries and met some phenomenal artists, exhibiters, and all around great people. I just wish I had a clone to help me visit all of the great events that took place. I feel like there just aren't enough words to express how rich, vibrant, and full of passion the works and people I got to know were. Below, are some links to great groups I found to be my favorite, but it in no way is meant to diminish any of the work that is not here. ALL the time spent, work done, and worlds discovered deserve recognition and honor. Here are just a few that I felt compelled to share.
http://solosprojecthouse.com/ (Check out the Open Doors Studio Tour and Satellite: The Gateway Project thumbnails)
http://baratfoundation.org/ (Their incredible animodules, which are featured in the Creation Nation Art and Peace Parade are created by students; Photos from 2013 not up yet, but 2012 are!)
Here are some photos I took at the Market Convergence opening night event hosted by Gallery Aferro:


text: What is the deal with Dante's Kitchen? I have dined there on 3 seperate occassions and each time it was a new and different experience. Good and bad. Some dishes are completely bland and others are barely edible due to salt content. I really want to like this place, I love the outside dining and the waitstaff is great. The only dish that is consistently good is the shrimp and grits...if you get on a day they run out of salt.


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Summer eating is the best eating of the year, as far as I am concerned. It's light and quick and relaxed and far less labor intensive all the way around. The foods of summer … more
By Joni Schockett | 8/23/17
Muffin. The word may elicit visions of a huge chocolate chip filled sweet confection, or a flat disc-shaped yeast-risen dough that must be toasted before eating. Both have interesting … more
By Joni Schockett | 2/14/18
When I began writing about food, I was in the midst of feeding three children who ranged in age from infancy to pre-teen. One … more
By Joni Schockett | 12/20/17
For Passover, we thoroughly cleaned out our cabinets and refrigerators. Now, as we finish putting back all the chametz foods, we can look at what we have and take stock of our eating habits. Does … more
By Joni Schockett | 4/25/18
Lately I have been doing a lot of research on vegetarian eating. While I'm not ready to give up my occasional medium-rare steak, or my Shabbat chicken dinners, or brisket, I am ready to lean … more
By Joni Schockett | 10/29/18
Summer entertainment is fun and relaxed — no formal tables or best china. In the summer, paper plates and hands-on eating rule the hot days and long evenings. Cold beer and lemonade are … more
By Joni Schockett | 8/8/18
As I write this, I sense that sad and wistful feeling that sneaks in every year when summer's end is just around the corner. I got it as an 8 year old, when Labor Day … more
By Joni Schockett | 8/30/17
I had my first cold-weather cup of hot tea the other day. I stood in the kitchen and tried to will summer to stay for just a while longer. The sun blazed in my kitchen, the sky was … more
By Joni Schockett | 10/25/17
Translated, mishloach manot means "sending of portions." So, on Purim, we send delicious foods to our friends and family. We have a long, ingrained and biblical tradition of providing … more
By Joni Schockett | 2/22/18
The eggplant — a beautiful berry — is so popular that its iconic color is instantly recognizable far beyond the food, in paint and fabric and more. My eyeglasses are eggplant as is a … more
By Joni Schockett | 4/25/18


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Brad Keselowski won the pole for this weekends NASCAR Sprint Cup Series at Phoenix International Raceway as knockout qualifying made its debut.
The new qualifying format titled knockout qualifying began with all cars running laps at the same time before the field began to be cut down for the following segment. The top 12 cars moved on, while the rest of the field was seated in spots 13-43 with three cars failing to make the race.
In the final segment the No. 2 Alliance Truck Parts Ford Fusion of Keselowski was the fastest claiming the pole at the 1-mile flat track located in Avondale, Arizona. Morgan Shepherd at 72 will break his own record for oldest driver ever in a Sprint Cup Series race.
Last season Carl Edwards won this race while Kevin Harvick was the winner in the fall. Coverage of The Profit on CNBC 500k will take place on FOX beginning at 3:00 pm ET with the green flag set to wave at 3:15 pm ET.
Sunday's race will be 312 laps making up 312 miles.
Dave Blaney, Josh Wise and Landon Cassill failed to qualify for the race.


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The Grind Tip #1: Change weapons on the go
Man, levelling up in this game is really hard. I've been trying to level up for the last 2 hours from 10 to 12. Yeah, it's an hour of killing Wolves, Elder Wolves, Orcs, Orc Grunts, and Werewolves.
What made my day was that I was able to practice using the bow and then immediately changing to shield and sword in a few milliseconds. For the beginners out there, all you do is drag your shield, sword/dagger/club, to the hotkeys. For example, from the image above, I placed my sword on the F6, my shield on F7, and my bow on F8. Once done equip your bow and arrow.
Pick an enemy who's far away from his kind. Orcs and Werewolves tend to attack in groups if you're not careful. Once you shoot him with your arrow and he gets near enough, quickly use your hotkeys to enable both your sword and shield to be equipped. If you're lucky, you'll just need one hack at him before he dies.
Well, after a few hours, I'm 12 and I need to write some more articles for my day job.
Technorati Tags: Lineage 2 SEA, Lineage 2, Alcarcalimo, Tip, Grind,


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The development of science and technology will have widespread impacts throughout society, and the 'assessment' will also be a sensitive area to the impact of scientific and technological developments. Especially information communication technology, or intelligent communication technology (ICT), which has developed rapidly in the 21st century, has had a sudden and even destructive effect on various studies and the field. The development of ICT, called the fourth science and technology revolution of the 21st century, differs from the previous scientific and technological revolutions. The key difference is the "smartness" or "intelligence" based digitalized data. Therefore, studies or industries that are highly associated with computerized data are significantly affected by the development of these ICTs, and the changes are expected to be sharp in the future. The assessment, which has the most central function of collecting, processing, and analyzing data, would be one of the most rapidly changing areas under the influence of this ICT. In this paper, I will deal with "Automatic Item Generation (AIG; Embretson & Yang, 2007; Gierl &Haladyna, 2013; Irvine & Kyllonen, 2002; Choi, 2017a)" science and/or technology, which has recently received a great deal of attention in the assessment field.
Modern researchers, psychometricians, item writers, and assessment service providers increasingly find themselves facing a new paradigm where the assessment item production process is no longer manual, but rather can be a massive production systematic and automatized by technology, that is, AIG. AIG is an emerging research and technology area where an innovative assessment tool where cognitive and psychometric theories are integrated together into a comprehensive assessment development framework for the purpose of generating assessment items using state-of-the-art technology, especially in ICT environments. With AIG technique, parent model or item templates once developed by experts (i.e., item model or item template writers) are utilized in producing (or generating) clone items (also called isomorphs) via computer-based applications. The number of content areas (e.g., K-12 education, licensure and certification), and the number of applications (e.g., workbook, homework, or exam, etc.) of AIG are exploding (Choi, 2017a). As such, this new reality raises important issues in effective and scientific item development with ICTs.
Choi (2017a) argue that, although AIG has been initiated and developed on the basis of automatic generation of assessment items, we should note that an interesting and important phenomenon that automation in AIG can affect the automation of other assessment components/processes (e.g., grading, testing, or reporting), rather than merely automating item generation. What's even more interesting is that AIG's automation role can have a profound impact on its upper realm, education and society as a whole (for example, education, training, teacher evaluation, and public policy, etc.). In this paper, I will deal with the following four topics about automation of AIG. First, I will introduce, in detail, the meaning/implication of automation in AIG via ICT development in. Second, analyze how automation of AIG affects the intelligence of the technology-based assessment system which is composed of various assessment components, that is, Assessment Engineering (AE) framework. Third, I introduce how AIG automation affects/interacts with other components of an AE system. In particular, I will introduce how AIG's automation will affect education, professional training, and/or public policy. Finally, I will discuss the future directions of AIG research and development.
Traditionally, item writing has been done manually by item writers and content experts. For these items to be administered to test-takers, they would have to go through item review and editing, field testing, item analysis, revision, editing, formatting, etc. During this process, many items are either discarded or revised and only a small number of them survive to be put into operational use. When the cycle for test administration is long (e.g., once a year), there seems to be little need for changing this approach.


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Due to increasing social clutter, ad avoidance, and media segmentation (not to mention #alternativefacts), attaining trust, building relationships and, ultimately, earning influence is getting harder with every passing day.
Each year I break down the standouts in music marketing, picking the best performers based on the concept, innovation, presence in culture and execution. This year we can firmly say the divide between music promotion and brand collaborations no longer exists and record labels are building out their creative, content and influencer offerings.
The foundation of human-centered design is respect for the people you are designing for. That's why we place empathy – the ability to understand and share the feelings and experiences of another – at the center of the design process.
The 'moment marketing' is one of four key trends shaping media in 2016. So, what's it all about?
For brands to be successful in the future, they need to align value with "values."
The dawn of a new era is coming: the era of the service.
How can you create a story that resonates and attracts buyers over the long term?
Marketers have an opportunity to make real, impactful and relevant changes to the way they communicate and engage with people.


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Editor, the Record:
Editor, the Record:
I've been ill, no answers or much concern by doctors, for nine months, sitting home, in pain, sick brain, no game plan. It's taken its toll. I honestly believe there's a very hot place for some doctors in Hell, right next to the hottest, which is reserved for lawyers.
Early on July 16, I was driving to a doctor. A bottle of water fell off my seat near Fawn Road. To avoid an accident, I kicked it away.
Within seconds I knew something was wrong. I was off the road, into a ditch. The crunching underneath, the fact I thought I was going to roll over, had me a bit frazzled.
Then it stopped.
Someone behind me turned, tried to help, but the rocks had my truck. After calling AAA, I waited in the car.
I called my wife three times, each time sounding more like I won the lottery, than ran my car into a ditch.
But through God's love and grace, I saw good in a bad situation. I was OK. When there's so much fear, hate, sadness, racism and more, people from all walks of life — black, white, hillbillies, Asian — stopped to offer help.
It was beautiful to see the different types of people who cared. I thank them all. Those of you that drove by, I love you too.
Mostly, I love God, my wife, who left a note that morning, "Be careful, pay attention and stay alert." The 32 years we've been together (We make the Osbournes look like the Cleavers), the boat's rocked, yet she still loved a very unlovable man, until he was able to love himself and others. She is my rock. Next to my dog, she's No. 1.
robert calegari
East Stroudsburg


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Discussion Forum in Elbasan: TAR-Challenges and recommendations for implementation
European Movement in Albania in cooperation with University of Elbasan "Aleksandër Xhuvani", in the framework of the initiative supported by National Endowment for Democracy (NED): Building bridges – a new cooperation culture between local institutions and their communities, organised on 20 June 2017 at the city of Elbasan a structured discussion forum on the main themes related to the Territorial- Administrative Reform (TAR).
After the first informative session on the implementation and challenges of TAR and the role of the new municipalities and citizens' involvement through information, the second activity held in Elbasan by EMA prompted the need in the production of a series of recommendations regarding local policies and measures and how to implement them in a proper way. These recommendations suggest the appropriate developing and effective policies highlighting the development of legislation, innovations and challenges that Reform brings, also focused on strengthening the partnership between citizens, civil society and local and central authorities
Mr. Gledis Gjipali, Executive Director of the European Movement in Albania, clarified the purpose of this activity as a continuation of the information activity conducted in Elbasan a few weeks ago. The discussion forum aims not only to inform on the innovations, challenges and issues of this reform given the Elbasan case, but also providing opportunities and an open space for interest groups, experts and citizens to express their suggestions and their recommendations regarding the improvement and how to effectively implement this Reform. On the other hand, Mr. Gjipali made a presentation of the work carried out by EMA so far, presenting in details the Informative Manual on TAR as a good tool for getting general knowledge about this reform and the innovation it brings. An important element in this publication is to put some recommendations not only for Local Government actors but also for other relevant stakeholders such as central government, as well as citizens themselves. These recommendations aim to encourage the increase of debates, accountability and engagement of citizens in public and community life.
Mrs. Majlinda Peza, Deputy Dean of the Faculty of Human Sciences at the University of Elbasan and a member of the City Council in Elbasan, considered the project and the reform itself as one of the most debated in recent years. One of the advantages and positive novelties TAR brought according to Mrs. Peza was the increase of the efficiency of municipalities and of the transparency in the decision-making process. Elbasan, according to her, is an interesting case, due to the fact it was chosen a pilot city to implement the idea of social accountability. To Mrs. Peza, citizens are now aware about the importance of being active and involved in important local level processes that directly affect their daily activity.
Mr. Asim Sula, Elbasan Regional Coordinator for TAR, considered this reform as a necessity given the fact that more than 50% of the former municipalities did not provide efficient services and did not allow for further development. TAR on the other hand has brought an increase in the performance of administrative units, improved democracy at the local level. On the other hand, to Mr. Sula the fact that the administrative division was made based on demographic changes occurring in our country, and based on other geographical, historical or cultural affiliation between communities means that TAR will enhance the development in regional level. Regarding TAR expectations, they consist of several issues including: capacity building, direct democracy, strengthening of community structures, improving services and increasing citizens' access and financial resources. On the other hand, TAR is facing different challenges, when Mr. Sula questioned how efficient the whole process will be and how long it will need to be fully implemented. It is necessary to increase the capacity and human resources, and the opportunity to successfully conduct all the services that have been given to local authorities nowadays.
Mr. Shefqet Bullari, Director of Coordination with Administrative Units of the Municipality of Elbasan, in his speech initially argued why TAR was necessary, mentioning some problems encountered in the past such as: – lack of control of the territory, unskilled staff, low fiscal and monetary administration , the lack of urban planning and visible disparity between municipalities and communes, as well as missing of the information technology. According to him, this Reform will bring government closer to the citizens by improving and increasing the control and influence of public opinion in this process. Thus TAR has brought some improvements to the daily work of the administrative units where responsibilities and their actions have been increased, including provision of new services: such as administration of forests, pre-school education, fire brigade service, civil emergencies, etc. On the other hand, is expected that the autonomy of the local units to be enhanced as well. As for the case of Elbasan, he reflected some of the work done so far including the increase of human capacities, absorption of foreign grants by the European Union and others international funders, boost of revenue allocation, even though that the level of taxes have not been raised, establishment of Offices on land management. In the continuation of the discussion section, many recommendations, problems and suggestions on how to resolve them were put out among the participants.


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The increasing reversion to cash holdings on the part of Americans who can afford to invest in the stock market is the final dot in our picture.https://t.co/ZSNAKeGBhp#PrivacyProtection #PrivacyCode #CyberSecurity #Economy #Trading #Investing #Stocks #StockMarket
— Ted Bauman Guru (@TedBaumanGuru) April 30, 2018
Recently, the media introduced a somewhat new thing: Freedom Checks. A Research into what they land you at an ad that displays Matt Badiali holding freedom check. One significant publisher of the topic is Banyan Hill Publishing. The website shares insights on how the checks came to be. To start off, receiving free money from the government seems a too good deal to be true. So who is Matt Badiali and what are these checks he teases about?
Matt Badiali started his career as a geologist. He is an expert in the mining, agriculture and energy industries. He went to Penn State University and obtained a BSc. in Earth Sciences and an MSc. In Geology from Florida Atlantic University. Read more about Ted Bauman at Bloomberg
Unlike Patriot Checks, whose ads keep popping online, US Freedom Checks are not entirely easy to get as perceived. The program is pitching in a new investment opportunity. It is something he thinks you should buy, rather than getting it free.
The scheme comprises 568 agencies within the US authorized to disburse the checks. They include companies responsible for production, distribution and storage of natural resources like oil and gas. With the decreasing oil imports from the Middle East, oil production will remain in the US. These companies will make approximately $34.6 billion and are willing to pay out investors within the next 12 months. Furthermore, investors can buy stocks which will gain huge dividends.
From this explanation, the program seems authentic, but it's too early to make conclusions. The only means to prove that Matt Badiali or Banyan Hill is not a scam is by signing up and making the investment.
About Ted Bauman
Ted Bauman joined Banyan Hill Publishing in 2013. He is the editor of Alpha Stock Alert, the Bauman Letter, and Plan B Club, focusing on asset management, Privacy and international migration matters, as well as low-risk investment tactics.
Mr. Ted Bauman was born in Washington, DC, and was brought up in Maryland. He later moved to South Africa as a young man and attended the University of Cape Town where he obtained a postgraduate degree in History and Economics. He now lives in Atlanta, Georgia with his family.
Ted Bauman, through The Bauman Letter, has impacted the lives of people with the financial powers to lead sovereign lives, free from government regulations and corporate exploitation. He is always on a mission to help his readers gain financial autonomy, and discover personal freedom by employing specific wealth-generation strategies, hedge privacy and lead the lives they've always dreamt of. Check: https://www.dailyforexreport.com/ted-bauman-scalability-looms-bitcoins-biggest-problem/


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Back in January, archivists from the Princeton University Manuscripts Division visited the Rockefeller Archive Center to discuss digital processing with members of the RAC Processing Team. To continue this conversation, a few staff members from the RAC went on a field trip to Princeton on June 8th. The group consisted of staff from various departments including members of the Processing, Collections Management, and Digital Teams. Continue reading
Tag Archives: digital formats
Using Zotero to Create Collaborative, Share-able, Export-able Bibliographies
Collect references once, export and share infinitely. That's what tools like Endnote and Zotero come down to. In grad school I used Endnote to manage my references and then cite them as needed in Word documents (papers, my dissertation…). The software would automatically create bibliographies from cited material, in virtually any format imaginable (MLA and Chicago are just the beginning). But I never took it a step further to create an online, shareable library. It wasn't until I began work on a Ford Foundation bibliography here at the Archive Center that I saw the benefits of an online reference-storing tool. Thanks to Hillel's suggestion, I began to build one using Zotero, a free program .
Although I'm only about a month into using the software, I thought I'd outline the process for creating online bibliographies in Zotero, while adding some comments about RAC-specific uses and parts I still need to work out. I'm interested in discussing the "why" as much as the "how," so please comment or feel free to chat about this with me, if you think it may be something you could use, too!
Workshop Report: Digitizing A/V Collections – to Outsource or Not to Outsource?
On Wednesday, October 2nd, I attended the workshop "Digitizing Audiovisual Collections – to Outsource or Not to Outsource," hosted by METRO and the Moving Image Archiving and Preservation program at NYU. Three speakers from different institutions (Chris Lacinak, Jonah Volk, and Julie May) came together to speak about their experiences in deciding whether to digitize audiovisual materials in-house, or work with an outside vendor. Each speaker laid out important criteria and considerations that will prove invaluable for anyone planning to start an audiovisual digitization project, as well as those that need guidance when working with vendors. In my opinion, the presentations naturally split into two categories: how to assess whether to outsource an audiovisual project, and the issues and concerns that you must take into account when working with a vendor. I have listed below some of the more salient takeaways from the workshop that any institution should keep in mind before undertaking any audiovisual digitization process.
Continue reading
DIMES update
As you've probably noticed, we recently rolled out a pretty major overhaul to DIMES. This post describes the changes that were made in some detail and also describes the reasons behind the changes. Continue reading
Archives 2013 New Orleans Session 604
SAA 2013 New Orleans
Session 604: Defining Levels of Preservation and Management for Electronic Records
This session addressed the initial steps or levels of preservation for electronic records management. It was held on Saturday August 17, 2013 at Archives 2013 New Orleans.
Continue reading
National Digital Stewardship Alliance regional meeting
Last week on Friday, June 14th I attended the NDSA Regional Meeting hosted by the Metropolitan New York Library Council in New York City. This regional meeting of National Digital Stewardship Alliance members, NDIIPP project partners and other institutions interested in digital stewardship was held in an "unconference" format allowing for various short and long presentations on institution activities that are focused around digital stewardship and an open agenda session for topics of discussion to arise. Sibyl presented on the work the Digital Team has accomplished at the RAC creating and implementing a digital preservation program from ingest to access.
Artefactual Visit Report
Last week we had a visit from Evelyn, Austin and Justin of Artefactual, who were here to continue working on our Archivematica implementation.
Reading Round-up, or What Digital Archives Readings I Recommend This Week
Part of my job is being up-to-date on the latest happenings in technology and digital archiving. In my attempts to accomplish this (one can never be truly up-to-date; there's always some new information out there) I tend to browse through many, many, many, publications, blog postings, presentations, videos, etc. each week. Some are gems, some reinforce knowledge I already had, some introduce new technologies, and some make you wonder why the author bothered. Thankfully that last category isn't very numerous! Below are articles from the past couple weeks which I'd recommend. I'm listing these partly to spread the knowledge through the RAC, and partly to create a running bibliography of texts from which we can form discussions, or refer to when questions like "What did that project do?" or "Wasn't there some article on a program that did that well?" come up. Please feel free to leave feedback or responses to the texts in the comments. Continue reading


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I am a glass bucket filled with sand.
Perhaps you haven't read my previous blog entry. If not, I am fully aware that the above statement is a little out of the ordinary. Feel free to scroll down to the previous post first in order to shed some light on where we're at.
So often we can hide who we really are, where we're really at, or what's really going through our head. What's on the inside (our 'sand' in this analogy) becomes hidden beneath an artificial shell that portrays something that we determine more acceptable for others to see.
When we are our most real, our external selves are like glass buckets that reveal to others exactly who we are on the inside. These glass buckets display the sand and in turn, the sand reflects our true selves. However, there is a problem with glass.
It is not very strong.
When we present our real selves to the world around us, it is easy to become more fragile. Our harder shells could deflect and absorb personal attacks because, after all, it was only a representation of what we wanted to be rather than a direct reflection of who we were. However, when we become like glass buckets, criticisms can smash, crack and break us. We have to lower our defenses and hope for the best. When it's put like that, it's pretty hard to be real isn't it? In Jesus' day, a law-obsessed group of people called the Pharisees were so intent in looking like they had it together that they created shells that didn't really reflect who they were on the inside. In Matthew 23:25-28, we read Jesus' opinions on this:
25 "Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You clean the outside of the cup and dish, but inside they are full of greed and self-indulgence. 26 Blind Pharisee! First clean the inside of the cup and dish, and then the outside also will be clean.
27 "Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You are like whitewashed tombs, which look beautiful on the outside but on the inside are full of the bones of the dead and everything unclean. 28 In the same way, on the outside you appear to people as righteous but on the inside you are full of hypocrisy and wickedness.
I am certainly guilty of being like a 'whitewashed tomb' sometimes. There are times where I'm so embarrassed of who I am and so petrified of the impact a few harsh words could have on me that I end up trying to be something I'm not. I'm realising more and more that the challenge of following Jesus isn't appearing to be doing the right things at the right times. That's easy. The challenge is doing the right things for the right reasons at ALL times and reflecting an authentic character from the inside out. God's sanctifying work in us is life-long, and He loves us regardless of our weaknesses. There is no need to find artificial strength in catering for the opinions of others. Similarly, there is no need to find strength in being artificial to find acceptance in the opinions of others. Our strength comes from God, and God alone, as the psalmists highlight quite nicely:
Psalm 28:6-8 (New International Version, ©2011)
Psalm 118:13-15 (New International Version, ©2011)
Becoming like glass buckets filled with sand is dangerous. Presenting ourselves as we truly are will not always be pretty, and we will almost certainly get hurt when we rely on ourselves. With our own strength, we are fragile and weak, and can barely carry our own load. But God is our strength. He will carry us through the hard times, and the rewards for working on our character will be phenomenal!


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Sale Date Ended
Sale Date Ended
Page Views : 535
Private Equity Pro Partners is pleased to announce that the captioned Masterclass: Excellence in Equity Valuation & Financial Modeling will be held from 23rd - 25th January, 2014 at Gurgaon .
Brochure and Agenda
Understand listed and unlisted equity valuation techniques, including the Enterprise Value technique
Learn how to make financial projections and do sensitivity analysis in Excel for intrinsic valuation
Know how to apply the correct valuation formulae using Excel
Learn which valuation technique is applicable during a given valuation event
Learn valuation of Start-Ups and Real Estate
Learn how to avoid errors in valuation modeling
Actually prepare a live financial model in Excel from scratch
You and your esteemed organization will become equipped with the tools and knowledge of how to accurately value a company, and learn which valuation models to apply.
The Masterclass will walk you through conceptual basics, while encouraging clarifications and discussions at all points. It will then take you through a step by step approach towards financial modeling and valuation in Excel. In case you wish to brush up your Excel abilities, please arrive at 3.00 p.m. for a three-hour preliminary session on Excel. This is available to those who have registered for the Masterclass.
Please make sure that you bring your laptops on all days.
The event will be conducted entirely by experienced financial valuation & modeling professionals of Private Equity Pro Partners (PEPP). PEPP consists of experienced practitioners with more than 30 years private equity, financial valuation & modeling experience.
Private Equity Pro Partners has successfully conducted events in Mumbai, Delhi, Shanghai, Taiwan, Indonesia, Hong Kong and the Philippines.
Professionals in investment banks, merchant banks , mutual funds and NBFC's
Professionals in PE/VC/Angel funds
Professionals in consulting, advisory firms and equity research firms
MBA's, CA's and CFA's
Company Secretaries
Non-financial professionals looking for a career in finance
Bring your own laptop.
Participants must have a basic knowledge of Microsoft Excel. If not, Private Equity Pro Partners will run a special 3 hour module for them on 23rd January, 2014, 3.00 - 6.00 p.m.


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Sir George addresses Esher Conservatives.
7 Nov 2003
Sir George with Ian Taylor, MP for Esher
Click for a full size picture
Speaking in the Oakdene Day Centre in Cobham, Sir George spoke of the recent events which culiminated in the election of Michael Howard as Party Leader.
"I Want to do two things this evening. First, to try to put in perspective the events of the past fortnight – when the Parliamentary party did, in effect in two days, what it could have taken months to do.
And, second, to give some friendly advice to Michael Howard.
In 1997, the Party should have chosen Ken Clarke as its leader and, if he hadn't won in 2001, we should then have chosen William Hague, who could have done the night shift as Ken's Shadow Foreign Secretary. But in 97, Ken narrowly lost and William then changed the voting system. This was part of his vision to rebuild the Party's membership by enfranchising the Party members, getting their approval for policy and modernising Central Office. That voting system gave MP's the first shot; we reduced the candidates to two, and the Members decided the play off.
We didn't fully understand at the time the tensions within that system. I simplify, but MP's ask themselves one question when choosing a Leader; and members ask a different question.
The currency we deal in is votes at a General Election; so we ask "Which candidate will get me the most votes in my seat?." Survival locally, success nationally.
The members ask a different question. They say "With which candidate do I agree?" Whose views and values most resemble my own?"
In 2001, we put forward IDS and Ken Clarke. If the decision had been left to the MP's, Michael Portillo's votes would have gone to Ken – who was the preferred candidate amongst the Parliamentarians. But the members voted for IDS, in many cases, because he wasn't KC and because he had robust views on Europe. We have a smaller more polarised membership who did not ask "Who will get the Party the most votes?"
So we got Iain and speaking for myself I accepted the result.
Under IDS' leadership, there were many achievements. The Party is now the largest Party in local Government in England; IDS has confounded his critics by moving the Conservative Party decisively back to the centre of the political spectrum, where any successful political party in this country needs to be, rather than leading it further to the right - as the Labour Party hoped. (Indeed, it may have been easier for the Party to make this move under IDS, rather than under Ken Clarke, whose candidacy I supported in 1997 and 2001.) IDS has brought on a number of able and promising people from the 1997 intake by promoting them to the Shadow Cabinet – Oliver Letwin, Damian Green, Caroline Spelman. He has focussed the Party's attention on public services and encouraged radical new policies to reform and improve them; and he has stopped the Party arguing about Europe. (The Party has indeed captured the high ground on Europe by demanding a referendum on the new Constitution.) And under his Leadership, Theresa May has helped broaden the base of the Party by encouraging a wider range of people to apply for and be adopted in winnable Parliamentary seats. We have recaptured some of the lost ground in the Opinion Polls, and IDS has come over as a decent and honourable man.
But, and it is a big but, the Conservative Party should have been doing far better than it was. I remember in the 1974-79 Parliament, when there was a failing Labour Government and we had a new Leader, and when the Conservatives won by-elections in Ashfield, Workington, Birmingham Stechford and Walsall – all Labour strongholds. There should be no seats that we are not capable of winning – not even Brent East. With the difficulties that confront the Government as it emerges from a war that lacked popular support, as it awaits what is likely to be a damning report from Lord Hutton, as it is seen to be failing on public services, as it confronts a growing Budget deficit, as it forfeits the trust and confidence of the Government, all this then magnified by the divisions within the Government on tuition fees, foundation hospitals and Lords reform, - with all that, we should have been ten points ahead and preparing for office. But we were not. We were sleepwalking to a third defeat.
Inevitably, the can is carried by the Party Leader. Recently, as I have spoken to Conservative meetings up and down the country, I have found myself defending Iain against the very people who voted for him.
One cannot pretend that there have been no problems within the Party about his Leadership. There have been a series of expensive management decisions at Central Office, culminating in the disastrous appointment and resignation of Barry Legge; there was the misjudged "Unite or Die" speech last November, and the badly handled Shadow Cabinet reshuffle of July 2002. At the Party Conference, I thought it unwise of him to call the Prime Minister a liar and to refer to Charles Kennedy's fondness of alcohol.
So a fortnight ago, the Parliamentary Party asked the question. Has IDS convinced the man in the street that he is a potential Prime Minister, and someone who can defeat Tony Blair? Is there someone else who can do it better?
The rest as they say is History. The MP's are unsentimental people; we got rid of Margaret Thatcher after she had won three times. We got rid of Iain because he didn't look like winning once.
The mood in Parliament – the mood in my constituency – has transformed. Of course there is sympathy for IDS; but there is a feeling of relief that the transition has been made smoothly to a man better equipped to hold the Government to account and to build an alternative Government in waiting. Listening to Michael on the Today programme, there was a degree of authority and competence that was not there before. Our luck may have changed.
What is my advice to Michael Howard?
1. Knock on the head the "20% cut in public service" allegation" . Michael is in a good position to say that there will not be a 20% Across the board cut in investment in public services under his leadership.
The Labour Party is already planning their next election campaign on the basis of that allegation. Just knock it on the head Michael.
2. Knock on the head the argument that we have a secret policy to withdraw from the EU. That was not IDS policy; nor is it Michaels.
3. Reaffirm the commitment to hold a Referendum on the Constitution. We have wrong-footed the Government on this issue; Labour MP's are beginning to rebel. It is a good policy on which to fight next June's Euro-elections – Michael's first major test, and last national election before the next General.
4. Get a grip of Central Office. There has been too much plotting, too many cliques. We need strong leadership and a clear sense of direction. Targetted support for key marginals, good quality literature that impacts on the doorstep.
5. Carry forward the policy work with some key themes. Empowering the professionals – police, doctors, teachers, nurses. They may not think of themselves as Conservatives – but they have an appetite for a party that will give them the freedom to use the skills they have. Restoring confidence in the political process; restoring power to Parliament. Restoring confidence in savings
Michael is not interested in cutting Labour's majority. He wants to win. He may only have one shot. I believe he can pull it off.
Back to index.
Copyright Sir George Young Bt. 2015


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The second last of our My Love From The Stars fashion post has arrived. This time we look at Lee Hwi Kyung's wardrobe and how a 185cm tall Park Hae Jin makes the clothes look good on him.
After looking through Hwi Kyung's wardrobe I find that he has quite a few misses for me. For example, he wears a lot of light dirty brown or light brown coats that I find it visually not my cuppa and even though I love blue, why is it that I find the blue that he wore also didn't hit it right for me? I can't explain it – it's not bad or a fashion disaster but it just doesn't make me go "Wow" I really love it sort of colour but this of course it's my personal preference 🙂
There are of course a few that are good and Park Hae Jin is definitely dressed to represent his sunny & bubbly personality by giving him more colours in his closet while it is a huge contrast to Do Min Joon's closet where we see he is dressed to represent his calm, conservative and quiet personality (thus more darker colours and black).
Other Stars Fashion post: Do Min Joon | Chun Song Yi | Chun Yoon Jae | Yoo Se Mi
Disclaimer: I just want to clarify that all the fashion images from this drama are compiled by gogoboi (as you can see the name labeled on the images) and not by me so kudos to her/him so we could benefit from it; all I did was to hunt the complete sets down and share it with the rest of you in the English community.
Image source: gogoboi
(Please do not edit/modify the images. Take out with full credit)


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Surya Kanta tries to defend failed alliance, dismisses detractors as 'factionalists'
In a desperate bid to justify the 'unauthorized' alliance with Congress, CPI(M) leaders are terming those who are opposing the move as 'factionalists'. Party insiders said that for the first time in the history of the party, the rank and file had come to Alimuddin Street to submit letters seeking an explanation from the state secretary Surya Kanta Misra.
Some of them met him Monday morning, seeking an explanation. Misra told them that this was not "the culture of CPI(M) and the letters will have to be routed through zonal and district committees."
It may be recalled that former Chief Minister Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee had told some comrades – who had demonstrated against the alliance in February – to go back home as it was against the culture of the party.
The resentment of party workers demolished the tall claims of the advocates of the alliance like Misra, Mohammad Selim and Gautam Deb that the tie up with Congress was a "people's alliance." In the state committee meeting held in February, leaders like Bidyut Majumdar, Niranjan Chatterjee and Bonani Biswas had criticized the alliance.
Apprehensive of the stiff opposition from critics of the alliance in the two-day state committee meeting scheduled to be held on June 11 and 12, Misra and his associates have termed those who have raised their voice as "factional forces".
CPI(M) won only 26 seats in the Assembly election, an all-time low since 1972 when the party had bagged just 14 seats. The party's central committee meeting will be held from June 18 to 20, where state leaders are likely to be reprimanded. The poor performance of CPI(M) has exposed the weakness of the alliance advocates and forced them to assess the situation. Even before the results, party leaders had said that the alliance would come to power.
However, they were proved wrong and the advocates of alliance blamed the district committees for their failure to take stock of the situation properly.


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$U1 {B-L}$ Sneutrino Dark Matter Detection with the IceCube Neutrino Telescope
$U1 {B-L}$ Sneutrino Dark Matter Detection with the IceCube Neutrino Telescope - Descarga este documento en PDF. Documentación en PDF para descargar gratis. Disponible también para leer online.
Descargar gratis o leer online en formato PDF el libro: $U1 {B-L}$ Sneutrino Dark Matter Detection with the IceCube Neutrino Telescope
We investigate the prospects for indirect detection of right-handed sneutrino dark matter at the IceCube neutrino telescope in a $U1 {B-L}$ extension of the MSSM. The capture and annihilation of sneutrinos inside the Sun reach equilibrium, and the flux of produced neutrinos is governed by the sneutrino-proton elastic scattering cross section, which has an upper bound of $8 \times 10^{-9}$ pb from the $Z^{\prime}$ mass limits in the $B-L$ model. Despite the absence of any spin-dependent contribution, the muon event rates predicted by this model can be detected at IceCube since sneutrinos mainly annihilate into leptonic final states by virtue of the fermion $B-L$ charges. These subsequently decay to neutrinos with 100% efficiency. The Earth muon event rates are too small to be detected for the standard halo model irrespective of an enhanced sneutrino annihilation cross section that can explain the recent PAMELA data. For modified velocity distributions, the Earth muon events increase substantially and can be greater than the IceCube detection threshold of 12 events $\mathrm{km}^{-2}$ $\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$. However, this only leads to a mild increase of about 30% for the Sun muon events. The number of muon events from the Sun can be as large as roughly 100 events $\mathrm{km}^{-2}$ $\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$ for this model.
Autor: Katherine Richardson-McDaniel
Fuente: https://archive.org/


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At Adrenalin Training, we do not believe that training is the be all and end all. A great deal of time, work and money can be saved by ensuring that the services offered are the services required. One of the most fundamental questions we would ask when discussing training with a new client is:
"What is is that you want to do that you're not doing now?"
In reality, there may be a much more effective and cost saving approach. We may be able to offer a different course, or tailor one to meet your specific needs.
Our support service can be divided in to four parts:
Pre Training
Only a thorough assessment of your specific training needs will determine the type and style of training required. Are the delegates based in one workplace, or do they move around? What equpiment might they need to be trained on? are there specific company policies that need to be incorporated into the training? With this information our trainers can adapt their courses and talior them to your specific needs. Our trainers are taught to look out for specific styles of learning, and will discuss this with you beforehand.
We also ensure our courses are as up to date as possible - sometimes including legislation or national issues only hours old (our Adult Protection course the morning after the BBC Panorama program on care involved some of the issues and examples shown in that program). Only in this way can be keep our promise that training is relevant to your staff.
During the training
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text:
Circular details
|Death in Hospital Form and Guidelines
|Document ID:
|Information Circular IC 0188/14
|Date of issue:
|Wednesday, 30 April 2014
|File number(s):
|Following an inpatient hospital death a number of mandatory and statutory reporting obligations may arise, in particular reporting requirements under the Coroners Act 1996 and Health Act 1911.
To assist health practitioners comply in a timely manner with reporting obligations, the Death in Hospital (DIH) Form and associated guidelines were developed by the Department of Health WA (DoH), with the input of the State Coroners Office.
The DIH Form provides a summary or checklist of the key statutory and mandatory reporting obligations, with the Guidelines supporting the correct completion of each section of the DIH Form.
Health Services are responsible for the printing and dissemination of the DIH Form, and may adapt the Additional Reporting Requirements section of the form to assist with local governance processes.
|Legal requirements:
|Coroners Act 1996, Health Act 1911, Mental Health Act 1996
|Applicable to:
|The Death in Hospital Form and Guidelines are intended for Hospital and Health Service Clinicians, and Officers in Safety and Quality / Clinical Governance Settings
|Period of effect:
|from 30 April 2014 to 30 April 2019
|Review date:
|1 December 2018
|Authorised by:
|Ms Julie Waylen, A/Executive Director, Performance Activity and Quality Division, 16-Apr-2014
|Acrobat version:
|Print version:
|View print version
|Related documents:
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Death in Hospital Form and Guidelines
An inpatient hospital death requires health practitioners to be aware of a number of mandatory and statutory obligations particularly reporting requirements under the Coroners Act 1996 and Health Act 1911.
The Death in Hospital (DIH) Form and Guidelines were developed in consultation with the State Coroner to assist health practitioners to navigate the key reporting obligations in a timely manner.
The DIH Form provides a summary or checklist of the key statutory and mandatory reporting obligations that arise following an inpatient hospital death. Guidelines have also been developed to assist health practitioners complete the DIH Form correctly.
For the purposes of this Information Circular, an inpatient hospital death includes a death of a patient categorised as inpatient who might have died while on leave from hospital.
The DIH Guidelines refer to the key statutory and mandatory obligations following an inpatient hospital death under the following WA Health Directives and Circulars:
This Information Circular does not override any information contained in the above documents but should be read in conjunction with them where further detail is required.
Implementation of the DIH Form and Guidelines has been strongly encouraged by all hospitals treating public patients since early 2007. All other hospitals may use this resource to improve their governance processes.
All hospitals/health services will be responsible for printing and disseminating the forms. It is recommended that copies of the DIH Form and Guidelines be available on all hospital wards and in mortuary areas.
The following Health Staff are to be informed of this Information Circular:
Further Information
All enquiries about the Death in Hospital Form and Guidelines should be directed to the Patient Safety Surveillance Unit via email: email@example.com
Ms Julie Waylen
This circular last updated: Wednesday, 30 April 2014 at 1:12pm


text:
COSMOGONY (from Gr., world and , to be born), a theory, however incomplete, of the origin of heaven and earth, such as is produced by primitive races in the myth-making age, and is afterwards expanded and systematized by priests, poets or philosophers. Such a theory must be mythical in form, and, after gods have arisen, is likely to be a theogony (Gr., god) as well as a cosmogony (Babylonia, Egypt, Phoenicia, Polynesia).
1. To many the interest of such stories will depend on their parallelism to the Biblical account in Genesis i.; the anthropologist, however, will be attracted by them in proportion as they illustrate the more primitive phases of human culture. In spite of the frequent overgrowth of a luxuriant imagination, the leading ideas of really primitive cosmogonies are extremely simple. Creation out of nothing is nowhere thought of, for this is not at all a simple idea. The pre-existence of world-matter is assumed; sometimes too that of heaven, as the seat of the earth-maker, and that of preternatural animals, his coadjutors. The earth-making process may, among the less advanced races, be begun by a bird, or some other animal (whence the term "theriomorphism"), for the high idea of a god is impossible, till man has fully realized his own humanity. Of course, the earth-forming animal is a preternaturally gifted one, and is on the line of development towards that magnified man who, in a later stage, becomes the demiurge. [1] Between the two comes the animal - man, i.e. a being who has not yet shed the slough of an animal shape, but combines the powers - natural and preternatural - of some animal with those of a man. Let us now collect specimens of the evidence for different varieties of cosmogony, ranging from those of the Red Indian tribes to that of the people of Israel.
2. North American Stories. - Theriomorphic creators are most fully attested for the Red Indian tribes, whose very backwardness renders them so valuable to an anthropologist. There is a painted image from Alaska, now in the museum of the university of Pennsylvania, which represents such an one. We see a black crow tightly holding a human mask which he is in the act of incubating. Let us pass on to the Thlinkît Indians of the N.W. coast. A cycle of tales is devoted to a strange humorous being called Yehl or Yelch, i.e. the Raven, miraculously born, not to be wounded, and at once a semi-developed creator and a culture hero. [2] His bitter foe is his uncle; the germs of dualism appear early. Like some other culture-heroes, he steals sun, Moon and stars out of a box, so enlightening the dark earth. These people are at any rate above the Greenlanders, but are surpassed by the Algonkins described by Nicholas Perrot in 1700, and by the Iroquois, whom the heroic Father Brébeuf (1593-1649) learned to know so well. [3] The earth-maker of the former was called Michabo, i.e. the Great Hare. [4] He is the leader of some animals on a raft on a shoreless sea. Three of these in succession are sent to dive for a little earth. A grain of sand is brought; out of it he makes an island (America?). Of the carcases of the dead animals he makes the present men (N. Americans?). There is also a Flood-story, an episode in which has a bearing on the great dragon-myth [5] (see Deluge). The Iroquois are in advance of the Algonkins; their creator-hero has no touch of the animal in him. Above the waters there existed a heaven, or a heavenly earth (cf. Mexico, Babylonia, Egypt), through a hole in which Aataentsic fell to the water. The broad back of a tortoise (cf. § 6) on which a diving animal had placed some mud, received her. Here, being already pregnant, she gave birth to a daughter, who in turn bore the twins Joskeha and Tawiscara (myth of hostile brothers). By his violence (cf. Gen. xxv. 22) the latter killed his mother, out of whose corpse grew plants. Tawiscara fled to the west, where he rules over the dead. Joskeha made the beasts and also men. After acting as culture-giver he disappeared to the east, where he is said to dwell with his grandmother as her husband. [6]
3. Mexican. - The most interesting feature in the Mexican cosmology is the theory of the ages of the world. Greece, Persia and probably Babylon, knew of four such ages. [7] The Priestly Writer in the Pentateuch also appears to be acquainted with this doctrine; it is the first of four ages which begins with the Creation and ends with the Deluge. The Mexicans, however, are said to have assumed five ages called "suns." The first was the sun of earth; the second, of fire; the third, of air; the fourth, of water; the fifth (which is the present) was unnamed. Each of these closed with a physical catastrophe. [8] The speculations which underlie the Mexican theory have not come down to us. For the Iranian parallel, see § 8, and on the Hebrew Priestly Writer, Gunkel, Genesis[2], pp. 233 ff.
4. Peruvian. - In Peru, as in Egypt, the sun-god obtained universal homage. But there were creator-gods in the background. A theoretical supremacy was accorded by the Incas to Pachacamac, whose worship, like that of Viracocha, they appear to have already found when they conquered the land. Pachacamac means, in Quichua, "world-animator." [9] The "philosophers" of Peru declared that he desired no temples or sacrifices, no worship but that of the heart. This is conceivable; Maui, too, in New Zealand had no temple or priests. But most probably this deity had another less abstract name, and the horrible worship offered in the one temple which he really had under the Incas, accorded with his true cosmic significance as the god of the subterranean fire. Viracocha too had a cosmic position; an old Peruvian hymn calls him "world-former, world-animator." [10] He was connected with water. A third creator was Manco Capac ("the mighty man"), whose sister and wife is called Mama Oello, "the mother-egg." Afterwards, the creator and the mother-egg became respectively the Sun and the Moon, represented by the Inca priest-king and his wife, the supposed descendants of Manco Capac. [11] Dualistic tendencies were also developed. Las Casas [12] reports a story that before creation the creator-god had a bad son who sought, after creation, to undo all that his father had done. Angered at this, his father hurled him into the sea. We need not suspect Christian influences, but the parallelism of Rev. xx. 3, Isa. xiv. 12, 15, Ezek. xxviii. 16 is obvious.
5. Polynesian. - Polynesia, that classic land of mythology, is specially rich in myths of creation. The Maori story, told by Grey and others, of the rending apart of Rangi ( = Langi, heaven) and Papa (earth) can be paralleled in China, India and Greece, and more remotely in Egypt and Babylonia. The son of Rangi and Papa was Tangaloa (also called Tangaroa and Taaroa), the sea-god and the father of fishes and reptiles. [13] In other parts of Polynesia he is the Heaven God, to whom there is no like, no second. In Samoa he is even called Tangaloa-Langi (Tangaloa = heaven). And if he is the sea-god, we must remember that there is a heavenly as well as an earthly ocean; hence the clouds are sometimes called Tangaloa's ships. It is true, the popular imagery is unworthy of such a god. Sometimes he is said to live in a shell, by throwing off which from time to time he increases the world; or in an egg, which at last he breaks in pieces; the pieces are the islands. We also hear that long ago he hovered as an enormous bird over the waters, and there deposited an egg. The egg may be either the earth with the overarching vault of heaven or (as in Egypt - but this is a later view) the Sun. The latter received mythical representation in that most interesting god (but originally rather culture-hero) Maui, who, in New Zealand practically supplants Tangaloa, and becomes the god of the air and of the heaven, the creator and the causer of the flood. [14] Speculation opened the usual deep problem; whence came the gods? It was answered that Po, i.e. darkness, was the begetter of all things, even of Tangaloa.
6. Indian. - India, however, is the natural home of a mythology recast by speculation. The classical specimen of an advanced cosmogony is to be found in the Rig Veda (x. 129); it is the hymn which begins, "There then was neither Aught nor Naught!" [15] Another such cosmogony is given in Manu. It is "the self-existent Lord," who, "with a thought, created the waters, and deposited in them a seed which became a golden egg, in which egg he himself is born as Brahma, the progenitor of the worlds." [16] The doctrine of creation by a thought is characteristically Indian. In the şatapatha Brahmana (cf. Deluge), we meet again with the primeval waters and the world-egg, and with the famous mythological tortoise-theory, [17] also found among the Algonkins (§ 2) - antique beliefs gathered up by the framers of philosophic systems, who felt the importance of maintaining such links with the distant past.
7. Egyptian. - In Egypt too the systematizers were busily engaged in the co-ordination of myths. They retained the belief that the germs of all things slept for ages within the dark flood, personified as Nûn or Nû. How they were drawn forth was variously told. [18] In some districts the demiurge was called Khnumu; it was he who modelled the egg (of the world?) and also man. [19] Elsewhere he was the artizan-god Ptah, who with his hammer broke the egg; sometimes Thoth, the moon-god and principle of intelligence, who spoke the world into existence. [20] A strange episode in the legend of the destruction of man by the gods tells how Ra (or Re), the first king of the world, finding in his old age that mankind ceased to respect him, first tried the remedy of massacre, and then ascended the heavenly cow, and organized a new world - that of heaven. [21]
8. Iranian. - The Iranian account of creation [22] is specially interesting because its religious spirit is akin to that of Genesis i. From a literary point of view, indeed, it cannot compare with the dignified Hebrew narrative, but considering the misfortunes which have befallen the collection of Zoroastrian traditions now represented by the Bundahish (the Parsee Genesis) we cannot reasonably be surprised. The work referred to begins by describing the state of things in the beginning; the good spirit in endless light and omniscient, and the evil spirit in endless darkness and with limited knowledge. Both produced their own creatures, which remained apart, in a spiritual or ideal state, for 3000 years, after which the evil spirit began his opposition to the good creation under an agreement that his power was not to last more than 9000 years, of which only the middle 3000 were to see him successful. By uttering a sacred formula the good spirit throws the evil one into a state of confusion for a second 3000 years, while he produces the archangels and the material creation, including the Sun, Moon and stars. At the end of that period the evil spirit, encouraged by the demons he had produced, once more rushes upon the good creation to destroy it. The demons carry on conflicts with each of the six classes of creation, namely, the sky, water, earth, plants, animals represented by the primeval ox, and mankind represented by Gayōmard or Kayumarth (the "first man" of the Avesta). [23] Four points to be noticed here: (1) the belief in the four periods of the world, each of 3000 years (cf. § 3); (2) the comparative success for a time of Angra Mainyu (the evil principle personified); (3) the absence of any recognition of pre-existent matter; (4) the mention of six classes of good creatures. Each of these deserves a comment which we cannot, however, here give, and the third may seem to suggest direct influence of the Iranian upon the Jewish cosmogony. But though there are in Gen. i. six days of creative activity, and the creative works are not six, but eight, if not ten in number, and indirect Babylonian influence is more strongly indicated. Jewish thinkers would have been attracted by the emphatic assertion of the creatorship of the One God in the royal Persian inscriptions more than by the traditional cosmogony. See further Ency. Bib., "Creation," § 9.
9. Phoenician and Greek. - Phoenician cosmogonies would appear, from the notices which have come down to us, [24] to have been composite. The traditions are pale and obscure. It is clear, however, that the primeval flood and the world-egg (out of which came heaven and earth) are referred to. See Ency. Bib., "Creation" § 7; "Phoenicia" § 15; Lagrange, Religions sémitiques, pp. 351 ff. Greek cosmogonies (the orientalism of which is clear) will be found in Hesiod, Theog. 116 ff.; Aristophanes, Birds, 692 ff.; cf. Clem. Rom., Homil. vi. 4. See Miss Harrison, Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion, chap. xii, "Orphic Cosmogony."
10. Babylonian and Israelitish. - Of the Babylonian and Israelitish cosmogonies we have several more or less complete records. For details as to the former, see Babylonian and Assyrian Religion. With regard to the latter, we may notice that in Gen. ii. 4b-25 we have an account of creation which, though in its present form very incomplete, is highly attractive, because it is pervaded by a breath from primitive times. It has, however, been interwoven with an account of the Garden of Eden from some other source (see Eden; Paradise), and perhaps in order to concentrate the attention of the reader, the description of the origin of "earth and heaven" as well as of the plants and of the rain, appears to have been omitted. In fact, both the creation-stories at the opening of Genesis must have undergone much editorial manipulation. Originally, for instance, Gen. i. 26 must have said that man was made out of earth; this point of contact between the two cosmogonic traditions has, however, been effaced.
The other narrative, Gen. i. 1-ii. 4a, is a much more complete cosmogony, and since the theory of P. A. Lagarde (1887), which ascribes it to Iranian influence (see § 8), has no very solid ground, whereas the theory which explains it as largely Babylonian is in a high degree plausible, we must now consider the relations between the Israelitish and Babylonian cosmogonies. The short account of creation first translated in 1890 by T. G. Pinches is distinguished by its non-mythical character; in particular, the dragon of chaos and darkness is conspicuous by her absence. This may illustrate the fact that the dragon is also unmentioned in the Hebrew cosmogony; to some writers the dragon-element may have seemed grotesque and inappropriate. We must, however, study this element in the most important Babylonian tradition, even if only for its relation to non-Semitic myths and especially to some striking passages in the Bible (Isa. xxvii. 1, li. 9b; Ps. lxxiv. 14, lxxxix. 10, 11; Job iii. 8, ix. 13, xxvi. 12, 13; Rev. xii. 3, 4, xx. 1-3). One may also be permitted to hold that the mythic figure of the dragon, if used poetically, is a highly serviceable one, and consider that "in the beginning God fought with the dragon, and slew him" would have formed an admirable illustration of the passages just now referred to, especially to those in the Apocalypse.
The student should, however, notice that the dragon-element is not entirely unrepresented even in the priestly Hebrew cosmogony. It is said in Gen. i. 9, 10, 14, 15, that God divided the primeval waters into two parts by an intervening "firmament" or "platform," on which the Sun, Moon and stars (planets) were placed to mark times and to give light. This division (cp. Ps. lxxiv. 13) is really a pale version of the old mythic statement respecting the cleaving of the carcase of Tiamat (the Dragon) into two parts, one of which kept the upper waters from coming down. [25] And we must affirm that the technical term tĕ hōm (rendered in the English Bible "the deep"), which evidently signifies the enveloping primeval flood, and which closely resembles Tiamat, the name given to the dragon or serpent in the epic (cf. tiamtu and tamtu, Babylonian words for "the ocean"), can only be due to the influence - probably the very early influence - of Babylonia.
But we are far from having exhausted the evidence of Babylonian influence on the Hebrew cosmogony. The description of chaos in v. 2 not only mentions the great water (tĕhōm), but the earth, i.e. the earth-matter, out of which the earth and (potentially) its varied products (vv. 9-11), and (as we know from the Babylonian epic) the "firmament" or "platform" of the heaven were to appear. This earth-matter is called "tōhu and bōhu"; there is nothing like this phrase in the epic, but we may infer from Jer. iv. 23, where the same phrase occurs, that it means "devoid of living things." For a commentary on this see the opening of the Babylonian account referred to above, which refers to the period of chaos as one in which there were neither reeds nor trees, and where "the lands altogether were sea." As to the creative acts, we may admit that the creation of light does not form one of them in the epic (cf. Gen. i. 3), but the existence of light apart from the Sun is presupposed; Marduk the creator is in fact a god of light. Nor ought we to find a discrepancy between the Babylonian and the Hebrew accounts in the creation of the heavenly bodies after the plants, related in Gen. i. 14-18. For the position of this creative act is due to the necessity of bringing all the divine acts into the framework of six working days. On the whole, the Hebrew statement of the successive stages of creation corresponds so nearly to that in the Babylonian epic that we are bound to assume that one has been influenced by the other. And if we are asked, "Which is the more original?" we answer by appealing to the well-established fact of the profound influence of Babylonian culture upon Canaan in remote times (see Canaan). An important element in this culture would be mythic representations of the origin of things, such as the Babylonian Creation and Deluge-stories in various forms. Indeed, not only Canaan but all the neighbouring regions must have been pervaded by Babylonian views of the universe and its origin. Myths of origins there must indeed have been in those countries before Babylonian influence became so overpowering, but, if so, these myths must have become recast when the great Teacher of the Nations half-attracted and half-compelled attention. More than this we need not assert. Zimmern's somewhat different treatment of the subject in Ency. Biblica, "Creation," § 4, may be compared.
Popular writers are in some danger of misrepresenting this important result. It is tempting, but incorrect, to suppose that a docile Israelitish writer accepted one of the chief forms of the Babylonian cosmogony, merely omitting its polytheism and substituting "Yahweh" for "Marduk." As we have seen, various myths of Creation may have been current both in N. Arabia (whence the Israelites may have come) and in Canaan prior to the great extension of Babylonian influence. These myths doubtless had peculiarities of their own. From one of them may have come that remarkable statement in Gen. i. 2b, "and the spirit of God (Elohim) was hovering over the face of the waters," which, until we find some similar myth nearer home, is best illustrated and explained by a Polynesian myth (see Cheyne, Traditions and Beliefs of Ancient Israel, ad loc.). It is also probably to a non-Babylonian source that we owe the prescription of vegetarian or herb diet in Gen. i. 29, 30, which has a Zoroastrian parallel [26] and is evidently based on a myth of the Golden Age, independent of the Babylonian cosmogony. Gen. i., therefore, has not, as it stands, been directly borrowed from Babylonia, and yet the infused Babylonian element is so considerable that the story is, in a purely formal aspect, much more Babylonian than either Israelitish or Canaanitish or N. Arabian. We say "in a purely formal aspect," because the strictness with which Babylonian mythic elements have been adapted in Gen. i. to the wants of a virtually monotheistic community is in the highest degree remarkable.
On the literary scheme of the Creation-story in Gen. i. see the commentaries (e.g. Dillman's and Driver's). On the other Old Testament references to creation, and on the prophetic doctrine of creation, see Ency. Bib., "Creation," §§ 27-29. On the traces of dragon and serpent myths in the Old Testament and their significance, see Gunkel, Schöpfung und Chaos (1895) - a pioneering work of the highest merit - and Ency. Bib., "Behemoth," "Dragon," "Rahab," "Serpent." On the connexion of the Creation and the Deluge-stories, see Deluge. Cf. also the article on Babylonian and Assyrian Religion; and Cheyne, Traditions and Beliefs of Ancient Israel (1907).
[1] Cf. Miss Harrison, Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion, chaps. vi., vii., "The Making of a Goddess and of a God."
[2] See Ratzel. Hist. of Mankind, ii. 147-148; Breysig, Die Entstehung des Gottesgedankens (1905), pp. 10-12.
[3] See Chamberlain, Journ. of American Folklore, iv. 208-209 (analysis of Perrot's account); Brinton, Myths of the New World, pp. 176-179; Breysig, op. cit., pp. 15-20.
[4] On Michabo see Brinton, op. cit. (1876), pp. 176 ff., Essays of an Americanist (1890), p. 132. This scholar holds that "Michabo" has properly nothing to do with "Great Hare," but should be translated "the Great White One," i.e. the light of the dawn. The Algonkins, however, thought otherwise, and the myth itself suggests a theriomorphic earth-maker.
[5] See Schoolcraft, Myth of Hiawatha (1856), pp. 35-39; and cf. the myth of Manabush, analysed in Journ. of Amer. Folklore, iv. 210-213.
[6] The latest explanation of Joskeha is "dear little sprout," and of Tawiscara, "the ice-one," while Aataentsic becomes "she of the swarthy body." Hewitt, Journ. of Amer. Folklore, x. 68. Brébeuf (1635) says that Iouskeha gives growth and fair weather (Tylor, Prim. Cult. i. 294).
[7] See Jeremias, Das Alte Testament im Lichte des Alten Orients, p. 121, 1; Winckler, Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament[3], p. 333.
[8] Réville, Religions of Mexico and Peru, p. 129.
[9] Garcilasso el Inca, Comment. de los Incas, lib. ii. c. 2; cf. Lang, The Making of Religion, pp. 262-270.
[10] Réville, p. 187.
[11] Réville, p. 158. Garcilasso (lib. i. c. 18) says that Manco Capac "taught the subject nations to be men," and also founded the imperial city of Cuzco ( = navel).
[12] De las antiquas gentes del Peru (ed. 1892), pp. 55, 56.
[13] See especially Waitz-Gerland, Anthropologie der Naturvölker, vi. 229-302; Gill, Myths and Songs of the South Pacific; Schirren, Wandersagen der Neuseeländer; also an older work (Sir George) Grey's Polynesian Mythology.
[14] See Schirren, op. cit., pp. 64-89.
[15] J. Muir, Metrical Translations, pp. 188-189.
[16] J. Muir, Sanscrit Texts, iv. 26.
[17] See Tylor, Early History of Mankind, p. 340; Primitive Culture, i. 329; Oldenberg, Religion des Veda, pp. 85 f.
[18] See Maspero, Dawn of Civilization, p. 127; also Brugoch, Religion und Mythologie der alten Agypter.
[19] See illustration in Maspero, p. 157.
[20] See Maspero, pp. 146-147.
[21] Maspero, pp. 160-169.
[22] See Zoroaster, and cf. Ency. Bib., "Creation," § 9: "Zoroastrianism," §§ 20, 21.
[23] West, Pahlavi Texts (S.B.E.), vol. i., introd. p. xxiii. We need not deny that, late as the Bundahish may be as a whole, the traditions which it contains are often old.
[24] Fragments of older works are cited by Philo of Byblus (in Eusebius, Praep. Evang. i. 10) and Mochus and Endemus (in Damascius, De primis principiis, c. 125).
[25] See Jastrow, Religion of Babylonia and Assyria, p. 428.
[26] See Bundahish, xv. 2 (S.B.E., v. 53).
Note - this article incorporates content from Encyclopaedia Britannica, Eleventh Edition, (1910-1911)