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God's of the New Age – A must watch
A look into the dangers of Brahma Yoga, Hari Krishna and Hinduism
A look into the dangers of Brahma Yoga, Hari Krishna and Hinduism
Christian debates in opposition with other worldly religions
Christianity vs Muslim Debates
Seventh Day Adventist vs Christianity
Bahai vs Christianity
Astrology vs Christianity
ATHEISM VS CHRISTIANITY (Dave Hunt vs. Christopher di Carlo)
Is there really a plan to create a new world order?
Who is behind this plan and what are their objectives?
Will this new order threaten our God given rights?
Watch this amazing clip to really understand what is going on around the world.
Who are the Illuminati? They are, in essence, a cartel of international bankers and industrialists based in Western Europe and North America. The names of certain families persist over long periods of time. Some of the most important names are Rothschild, Rockefeller, Morgan, Lazard, Warburg, Schroder and Schiff
The chart below gives us a clear structure of their work
These family bloodlines, behind the scenes, control and have manipulated the system to even go as far to arrogantly insist they own our governments, our education system, the health industry and the media, and even the legal family unit. Their aim is to take away our God given basic rights and constitutional freedoms, and enslave humanity for their own lust for power and world domination.
These powerful arms are a network of families that many believe can be traced back from the first post flood ancient civilizations of Babylon and Sumer. David Icke mentions these Angelic (fallen angel/nephilim) blood lines can be traced through Rome, through the creation of the Roman Empire and the Roman Church, which then gave rise to the European nations, forming European aristocracy and royal families. These blood lines continue through the great historical empires, especially the British empire. Through the use of other powerful secret society networks, they manipulate them selves into power, have been playing the economical and spiritual game of make believe to connect all the dots all over the world to create this centralization of power thus finalising their new world order plans to control us like clones for their own corporate profits.
Lucifer is using these bloodlines to create a one world religio-political government of pagan worship, as explain through Revelations 13:1-4
"And I stood upon the sand of the sea, and saw a beast rise up out of the sea, having seven heads and ten horns, and upon his horns ten crowns, and upon his heads the name of blasphemy. 2 And the beast which I saw was like unto a leopard, and his feet were as the feet of a bear, and his mouth as the mouth of a lion: and the dragon (Lucifer) gave him his power, and his seat, and great authority. 3 And I saw one of his heads as it were wounded to death; and his deadly wound was healed: and all the world wondered after the beast. 4 And they worshiped the dragon which gave power unto the beast: and they worshipped the beast, saying, Who is like unto the beast? who is able to make war with him? "
Interesting Quotes about the Illuminati:
"The term 'Illuminati' was used by one early writer, Menendez Pelayo, as early as 1492 and is attributable to a group known as the 'Alumbrados' of Spain. The Alumbrados were said to receive secret knowledge from an unknown higher source, resulting in superior human intelligence. This group was condemned by an edict of the Grand Inquisition in 1623…"
"Some writers claim that a group know as the 'Illuminated Ones' was founded by Joachim of Floris in the eleventh century and taught a primitive, supposedly Christian doctrine of 'poverty and equality'."
- William T. Still, New World Order
"The sixteenth century saw the rise of a powerful society based upon a secret cult, in the mountains of Afghanistan – the Roshaniya, Illuminated ones."
"The earliest figure named in the history of the cult is one Bayezid Ansari, of Afghanistan, whose family claimed descent from the Ansar – the 'Helpers', who assisted Mohammed after his flight from Mecca nearly fourteen hundred years ago. As a reward for this service, he stated, his ancestors had been granted initiation into the mysteries of the Ishmaelite religion: the secret, inner training which dated from Abraham's rebuilding of the Temple at Mecca, the mystical Hiram."
"Not far from Peshawar, which is now in the north-west of Pakistan, Bayezid set up a small school, where he carefully coached those who had been initiated by him in the knowledge of the supernatural that he claimed. A period of probation was expected from each candidate, during which he would to into periods of concealment or meditation, known as khilwat – silence. During this time he was to receive the illumination which was emanated from the supreme being, who desired a class of perfect men- and women- to carry out the organization and direction of the world."
Merchants and soldiers "contributed lavishly to the chief's upkeep and his most expensive military, political and espionage system." At this stage of success, Bayezid now preached that there was "no after-life of the kind currently believed in: no reward or punishment, only a spirit state which was completely different from earthly life. The spirits, if they belonged to the Order, could continue to enjoy themselves and be earthly powers, acting through living members….Eat, drink and be merry. Gain power, look after yourself. You have no allegiance except to the Order, he told them: and all humanity which cannot identify itself by our secret sign is our lawful prey."
"Forty years after the last religio-military leader of the Afghan Illuminate Ones died, a society of the same name (the Illuminati) came into being in Germany, formed, it is said, by Adam Weishaupt, the young professor of Canon Law at Ingolstadt University. Coincidences of date and beliefs connect these Bavarian Illuminati with the Afghan ones, and also with other cults which called themselves 'Illuminated'."
- Arkon Daraul, Secret Societies
"The aristocratic mumbo-jumbo of the Templar lodges pandered to the confused conservatism of the German nobles and ad a great deal in common with the mumbo-jumbo of the Rosicrucians, to whose ideas the Illuminati were absolutely opposed. The Bavarian Illuminati were an austere emanation of the spirit of the German Professorate, inspired by a consciously bourgeois program, irreligious and radical."
- Peter Partner, The Murdered Magicians
"In France members of the revolutionary committees in charge of the extermination toiled day and night over maps, calculating just how many heads must be sacrificed in each town. Fearful Revolutionary Tribunals tried to determine who would be killed, and a never-ending stream of victims marched to a variety of deaths. In Nantes, 500 children were killed in one butchery, and 144 poor women who sewed shirts for the army were thrown into the river."
"…Estimates of the final death toll at the time ran around 300,000."
- William T. Still, New World Order
"I have seen half the earth desolated. Were there but an Adam & Eve left in every country, & left free, it would be better than it now is…The liberty of the whole earth was depending on the issue of the contest."
- Thomas Jefferson
The bible teaches us in the end days the Antichrist will emerge from the bottomless pit, and will have the entire world wondering after her. The bible defines 'beast' and a king or kingdom. So this beast is actually a religio-political system that will remove all sovereignty from all nations and constitutional rights from everybody. The word ANTI comes from the Greek translation 'Substitute'. So it follows the Antichrist is a system that will replace Jesus Christ as our Lord and only way to salvation, with a man made system.
This Anti Christ is the New World Order we speak of.
"And he shall speak great words against the most High, and shall wear out the saints of the most High, and think to change times and laws: and they shall be given into his hand until a time and times and a dividing of time" Daniel 7:25
"And power was given to him over all kindreds, and tongues, and nations" Revelation 13:7
Passages from the bible all point to the Roman Empire as been the Antichrist. The last 4 versus of Daniel chapter 9, explain this. The coming world leaders are coming from the Roman empire.
Nebuchadnezzar's Dream in the Chapters of Daniel plays an important role in identifying this Anti-Christ. Nebuchadnezzar had a dream of a statue made of a golden head symbolizing Babylon, a silver chest and arms symbolizing Medo-Persia, a brass waist symbolizing Greece and legs of Iron symbolizing Rome
Its feet and toes made of a mixture of Iron and Clay, this representing the final empire which is a mixture of a strong Rome and a weak Rome. Since Iron does not bind with Clay, so is this kingdom sure to to crumble.This system can only be applied to one institution and that is Rome.
The Roman Empire seems to be getting ready to dominate the world
1951 April 18, Treaty of Paris; ECSC
1957 March 25, Treaties of Rome; EEC, EAEC
1958 March 19, European Parliament
1959 BeNeLux Group formed
1967 Merger of EEC, ECSC, EAEC
1973 Denmark, Ireland, UK join
1981 Greece joins
1986 Spain and Portugal join
1990 German Unification
1993 Maastricht Treaty replaces Treaty of Rome
1995 Australia, Sweden and Finland join
2000 Euro as a common currency
This Universal religious power Rome, will control the entire world. She will be the agent of chaos, destruction and despair.


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How to identify & solve IT Band Syndrome
IT band syndrome is painful. The pain can show up in one of several areas, making it difficult to diagnose.
I'm Robbie Stahl Harvard Educator and inventor of the Biomechanical Optimization System. Today, I'm going to teach you about IT band syndrome but more importantly what you can do about it and how you can relieve your body from the problems that are caused and producing pain related to IT Band syndrome.
So first, what is IT Band Syndrome? Well if you take a look at this runner and notice that her hips – right here in this position – notice that red colored muscle.
That is called the TFL or the Tensor Fasciae Latae . Here's what happens, the TFL attaches to that white sheath of tissue that runs down the entire leg from hip to knee. When the TFL gets tight or bound up for any reason – it pulls on that white sheath of tissue which connects to the knee. So there are three different ways that it can present itself:
- Hip Pain
- Leg Pain
- Knee Pain
I had a client named Sue, who came to me for knee pain. She had suffered for months. No one was able to solve her knee pain problem. Her therapist kept working on her knee and trying to figure things out. Well, long story short, it was actually her TFL. The TFL gets tight, pulling on the IT band and as you can see, it is attached to the knee. So Sue had this knee pain, even though the pain or root cause of the pain was in her hip – at her TFL.
So, why does this happen? Why does the TFL get tight? What can you do about it? Well, it's either caused by a mobility issue (elongation or flexibility of the muscle and connective tissues) or a stability cause – strength and stability of the supporting muscle groups. There's a weakness somewhere in the body. In this case, the glute medius is weak.
The job of the left side of the glute medius is to hold the right side of the pelvis from falling and the right side glute medius holds the left side of the pelvis from falling. There are two major muscles that can pull on the leg and support the leg out to the side. If one muscle is weak the other one gets a lot more pressure.
The key is to strengthen the glute medius, so that the TFL doesn't have so much pressure on it. As you can see in the video, there are exercises you can do to strengthen the glute medius. Secondly,it is important to work on the mobility of the TFL.
If the glute medius is doing its job, you may need to loosen the TFL. You can relieve the pressure by rolling the TFL on a foam roller. You can also roll the entire IB band from hip to knee for relief. This will relieve the stress and tension in the TFL and in the IT band. If you do these simple exercises and stretches, you will get awesome results.
If you have any questions about IT Band Syndrome, feel free to leave comments below! Remember, we're here to help.
Like this episode? Please share it! We can keep this blog and all our videos ad-free and sponsor-free ONLY because you share our work! Please share and subscribe below to our YouTube channel too! #TheFitnessDoctor
The Importance Of Alignment
Best Alternative to Pain Killers
5 Abnormalities That All Women Over 50 Experience
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St Marys GAA Athenry Ormond Shorts
Please Note: This is a personalised product that cannot be exchanged or refunded. Please ensure to order the correct size when purchasing if you need further advice on this product please check our size guide, email us on firstname.lastname@example.com or call direct 03301231918
Ormond shorts are made from lightweight polyester with Koolite technology that wicks sweat away from the skin, keeping you cool and dry.
- Dry-fast fabric with built-in sweat wicking system
- Elasticated waistband with draw cord
- 3 stripe detail on leg
Standard Delivery to Ireland and the UK
Delivery for all orders is €4 and FREE for all orders over €50. Your order will be manufactured and personalised in our factory to your requirements. Getting your order dispatched swiftly is of the utmost importance to us. Dispatch will take between 7-10 working days for personalised or made to order garments (Jerseys and Club products). Dispatch will take between 1-5 working days for all other products. We will notify you by email as your order progresses with any update on delivery time.
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Delivery in 10-15 working days after dispatch. Delivery cost varies, depending on weight and dimensions of the package.
For full information on delivery click here
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Good Buildings come from good people & all problems are solved by good design
A tenet of architectural photography is the use of perspective control, with an emphasis on vertical lines that are non-converging (parallel). This is achieved by positioning the focal plane of the camera at so that it is perpendicular to the ground, regardless of the elevation of the camera eye. This result can be achieved by the use of view cameras, tilt/shift lenses, or post-processing.


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X3D Example Archives: X3D for Web Authors, Chapter 03 Grouping, Lod With Different Shapes
Example to demonstrate LOD forceTransitions field for animating different shapes, navigate in/out or else check Viewpoints to see each separate Shape
Display error: X3D model not shown.
Your HTML browser does not appear to support all features required by the X_ITE X3D player!
.java source and Javadoc


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August is expected to get off to a dry start — not good news for still-parched Eastern Palm Beach County.
The graphic above from the National Weather Service's Climate Prediction Center shows below normal precipitation in the forecast for South Florida through Aug. 6. (Click on graphic for link to original image.)
July should go out on a dry note as well as high pressure builds in again and pushes afternoon storms to the peninsula's west coast. Rain chances in Palm Beach remain at just 20 percent through Sunday night, the National Weather Service in Miami said.
The one month and three-month forecast are still for above normal precipitation, but that is probably dependent upon our getting brushed (hopefully just brushed) by tropical systems.
Meanwhile, heat index values will once again top 100 degrees as we get into the weekend, and the only saving grace will be a brisk 15 mph wind, gusting to 20 mph, off the Atlantic. Note: That also means there will be a high risk of rip currents.
I'll have a July wrap-up next week, but it looks like the month will go into the record books above average in both temperature and rainfall. Wednesday was the fifth day in a row that minimum temperature records were either tied or set at Palm Beach International Airport.
Through Thursday, the average PBIA temperature was 2.7 degrees above average for the month and 6.75 inches of rain were recorded, 1.5 inches over over normal. But year to date, Eastern Palm Beach County has had 60 percent of its normal rainfall, 12.52 inches under normal, according to the latest figures from the South Florida Water Management District.
* * * * *
Pint-sized Tropical Storm Don was still on track to hit the Texas coast on Friday night with heavy rain and 60 mph winds. But the National Hurricane Center said Don is so small that it makes intensification forecasts "nearly impossible."
The storm's 40 mph winds extended only 17 miles from the center. Maximum wind gusts were 52 mph. Although the Hurricane Center predicts some strengthening, several computer models forecast a weakening system.
Tropical Storm Watches were posted Thursday from the mouth of Rio Grande River north to San Luis Pass at the southwestern end of Galveston Island.
ANOTHER HURRICANE SEASON NOTE: The first hurricane historically forms by Aug. 10. The fifth named storm, which this year is Emily, historically forms by Aug. 31.
On Monday, the chances of tropical activity impacting South Florida begin to rise dramatically and remain high through mid-September. Also, Cape Verde systems are more likely to track into South Florida. See climatology graphic below.


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Indications are that the victim walked to the 19th district station to file a report.
• It's been a while since we've had men in drag robbing people. But, spring has apparently sprung!
A Boystown bar-goer told police around 1 o'clock Wednesday morning that two men dressed as women punched his cousin and then stole his wife's phone near D.S. Tequlia Company, 3352 N. Halsted.
The injured victim was taken to Illinois Masonic for treatment.


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IN life, there is always that special person who shapes who you are, who helps to determine the person you become. Very often it's a teacher, a mentor of some kind. For me, that person was
Not long after hearing the horrible news, I found myself talking on the phone to
We stayed on the phone for a while reminiscing about our old friend and mentor. Since the days of John's death, we have both been inundated with missives from friends and acquaintances, sending us their condolences the way you would for a close family member. Yet the strange thing is, neither of us had talked to John in more than 20 years.
Most everyone knows that John retreated from Hollywood and became a sort of
None of the films that he made subsequently had the same kind of personal feeling to me. They were funny, yes, wildly successful, to be sure, but I recognized very little of the John I knew in them, of his youthful, urgent, unmistakable vulnerability. It was like his heart had closed, or at least was no longer open for public view. A darker spin can be gleaned from the words John put into the mouth of Allison in "The Breakfast Club": "When you grow up ... your heart dies."Continue reading the main story
I'm speaking metaphorically, of course. Though it does seem sadly poignant that physically, at least, John's heart really did die. It also seems undeniably meaningful: His was a heavy heart, deeply sensitive, prone to injury — easily broken.
Most people who knew John knew that he was able to hold a grudge longer than anyone — his grudges were almost supernatural things, enduring for years, even decades. Michael suspects that he was never forgiven for turning down parts in
John saw something in me that I didn't even see in myself. He had complete confidence in me as an actor, which was an extraordinary and heady sensation for anyone, let alone a 16-year-old girl. I did some of my best work with him. How could I not? He continually told me that I was the best, and because of my undying respect for him and his judgment, how could I have not believed him?
Eventually, though, I felt that I needed to work with other people as well. I wanted to grow up, something I felt (rightly or wrongly) I couldn't do while working with John. Sometimes I wonder if that was what he found so unforgivable. We were like the Darling children when they made the decision to leave Neverland. And John was Peter Pan, warning us that if we left we could never come back. And, true to his word, not only were we unable to return, but he went one step further. He did away with Neverland itself.
"I just remember how fun it all was," Michael said on the phone.
It was: the concerts he took us to (the blues great Junior Wells at
There's a scene in "Sixteen Candles" where my character, Samantha, and Michael's character, "the geek," have a heart-to-heart talk. The scene lasts all of six minutes, but it took us days to film because we were all laughing too hard. John, too. He sat under the camera — his permanent place before directors retreated to the video monitor — while the assistant directors stood around rolling their eyes waiting for him to stop laughing and reprimand "the kids." But how could he? He was one of us.
About 15 years ago, I wrote John from
After Truffaut died, I heard that Jean-Pierre Léaud had suffered a kind of breakdown, going so far as to drop flower pots on people from high-storied buildings. This is most likely a rumor, French film lore, but I think I now understand how painful it is to lose someone like that. John was my Truffaut. A week after I sent my letter, I received a bouquet of flowers as big as my apartment from John, thanking me for writing. I was so relieved to know that I had gotten through to him, and I feel grateful now for that sense of closure.
Toward the end of my phone call with Michael, we spent a little time catching up on mutual friends and family. I told him that my 5-year-old daughter, Mathilda, had just secured the part that she wanted in her theater camp — Tiger Lily, the Indian princess in
Turns out, you can return to Neverland. At least for a little while.Continue reading the main story


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How often do you approach your child or talk to him or her and they show your obvious signs of fear? I have had my share of it. My little girl would sometimes walk backwards as I approached her. It caused me pain to see that kind of reaction so I had to check how I treated and reacted to her. With time, the cowering response turned into a hug and a peck.
That does not mean that I stopped disciplining her. It is the mode of action that changed. From a shouted order to a calm instruction. From abrupt punishment, to a calm talk and restrained action. Some may not agree with it but it worked for me.
It is not only isolated to disciplining, it is also with how we react to ugly situations. Do you lose your temper because you have missed the mark or messed up something? It affects your children. Rachel Macy Stafford explains that in her article, Two Words That Can Bring You Back to Peaceful Territory. We are not perfect, we shall have our moments of getting angry, saddened, frustrated. However, how long do we stay in these states?
As parents, we need to learn how to calm ourselves down regardless of the circumstance. Our children should not view us emotional failures or parenting as a task that drains one of all self control. Is it a messed up floor, a flooding bathroom or a terribly stained cloth? Whatever it is, come back home, as Rachel says.
Happy parenting


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Clan Sutherland
|Clan Sutherland
|Na Sutharlanaich[1]
Crest: A cat-a-mountain saliant Proper
|Sans Peur (Without Fear)[2]
|Ceann na Drochaide Bige! (The Head of The Little Bridge)
|Plant badge
|Cotton Sedge[2]
|Pipe music
|The Earl of Sutherland's March
|Elizabeth Millicent Sutherland
|The 24th Countess of Sutherland
|House of Tongue (Tongue, Sutherland)[3]
|Historic seat
|Dunrobin Castle[3]
Clan Sutherland is a Highland Scottish clan whose traditional territory is the shire of Sutherland in the far north of Scotland. The chief of the clan was also the powerful Earl of Sutherland, however in the early 16th century this title passed through marriage to a younger son of the chief of Clan Gordon.[4] The current chief is Elizabeth Sutherland who holds the title Countess of Sutherland.
- 1 History
- 1.1 Origins of the clan
- 1.2 Wars of Scottish Independence
- 1.3 14th-century clan conflicts
- 1.4 15th century and clan conflicts
- 1.5 16th century and clan conflicts
- 1.6 17th century and Civil War
- 1.7 18th century and Jacobite risings
- 2 Disputed chiefship
- 3 Castles
- 4 Clan Profile
- 5 Tartans
- 6 References
- 7 Notes
- 8 External links
Origins of the clan[edit]
The progenitor of the Clan Sutherland was a Flemish nobleman by the name of Freskin,[5] who was also the progenitor of the Clan Murray.[5][6] It has been claimed that Freskin was Pictish but it is much more likely that he was a Flemish knight, one of a ruthless group of warlords who were employed by the Norman kings to pacify their new realm after the Norman conquest of England.[6] David I of Scotland who was brought up in the English court, employed such men to keep hold of the wilder parts of his kingdom and granted to Freskin lands in West Lothian.[6] The ancient Pictish kingdom of Moray (Moireabh in Scottish Gaelic) was also given to Freskin and this put an end to the remnants of that old royal house.[6] In a series of astute political moves Freskin and his sons inter married with the old house of Moray to consolidate their power.[6] Freskin's descendants were designated by the surname de Moravia ("of Moray" in the Norman language).[6] Freskin's grandson was Hugh de Moravia who was granted lands in Sutherland and was known as Lord de Sudrland.[5][7] Hugh's younger brother, William, was progenitor of the Clan Murray.[5][7][note 2] Hugh's eldest son (also called William) was William de Moravia, 1st Earl of Sutherland.[5] The place name and clan name of "Sutherland" came from it being the 'land to the south' of the Norse Earldom of Orkney and Caithness.[5] Although the senior line of chiefs who were the Earls of Sutherland had the surname 'de Moravia', they often used the territorial surname 'Sutherland' and the younger sons of the family also took the surname 'Sutherland', thus creating the cadet branches of the Clan Sutherland.[5]
Wars of Scottish Independence[edit]
During the Wars of Scottish Independence, chief William de Moravia, 3rd Earl of Sutherland (William Sutherland) fought at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314, where the English army was defeated.[8] Kenneth de Moravia, 4th Earl of Sutherland (Kenneth Sutherland) was killed at the Battle of Halidon Hill in 1333.[7][8]
William de Moravia, 5th Earl of Sutherland (William Sutherland), whose wife was Margaret, the daughter of Robert the Bruce and sister of David II of Scotland,[7] led the clan at Kilblene where he participated in the siege of Cupar Castle Fife.[8] William, Earl of Sutherland accompanied King David II of Scotland into England where both were captured at the Battle of Neville's Cross in 1346, by Durham.[8] They remained in prison for over ten years before being released. John, the son of the Earl and Princess Margaret, was designated the heir to the Throne over Robert Stewart, who eventually became King Robert II in 1371.
14th-century clan conflicts[edit]
The habitual enemies of Clan Sutherland were the Clan Sinclair of Caithness and the Clan Mackay and Clan McLeod to the west of Sutherland. A feud with the Mackays came to a head when Nicholas Sutherland of Duffus, head of one of the junior branches, murdered the chief of the Clan Mackay and his heir at Dingwall Castle, where they had met in an attempt to patch up the feud. A retaliatory raid by the Mackays on Dornoch took place, where the cathedral was set on fire and many Sutherland men were hanged in the town square.[9] William, 5th Earl of Sutherland was killed by the Mackays in 1370 in feud which lasted for the next four centuries.[7] In 1388 the Earl of Sutherland was a leader of the Scots invading into the west of England. He married Margaret Stewart, daughter of Alexander, Earl of Buchan, a younger son of King Robert II of Scotland.
15th century and clan conflicts[edit]
The Battle of Drumnacoub was fought in 1431 where Angus Du Mackay, chief of Clan Mackay defeated Angus Murray and the Sutherlanders on the slopes of the mountain Ben Loyal near Tongue.[10]
The Battle of Skibo and Strathfleet was fought in 1480 where John MacDonald of Islay, Earl of Ross invaded Sutherland and was defeated by the Clan Sutherland and the Murrays of Aberscross.[11]
According to 17th-century historian Sir Robert Gordon, the Clan Sutherland joined the Clan Mackay in their victory over the Clan Ross at the Battle of Aldy Charrish in 1487.[12] However, 19th - 20th-century historian Angus Mackay disputes the Sutherland's presence at the battle stating that it would be unlikely that the Earl of Sutherland at the time would have assisted against the Rosses as he was married to a daughter of the Ross chief of Balnagowan, and also that the feudal superiority of the Sutherlands over the Mackays "nowhere existed save in his own fertile imagination".[13]
16th century and clan conflicts[edit]
William Sutherland, 4th Laird of Duffus was killed fighting against the English at the Battle of Flodden in 1513.[14]
In 1517 Elizabeth de Moravia, 10th Countess of Sutherland (Elizabeth Sutherland) married Adam Gordon, younger son of Gordon of Huntly.[7] Their son was Alexander Gordon, Master of Sutherland who would become the legal heir to the Earldom of Sutherland and overall chiefship of the Clan Sutherland.[4] According to Sir Robert Gordon, who himself was a son of Alexander Gordon, 12th Earl of Sutherland, in the same year the Mackays rose up against the Gordons who had taken power in Sutherland which resulted in the Battle of Torran Dubh, where the Mackays were defeated.[15] Sir Robert Gordon also states that at the battle, the Sutherland force had been led by Alexander Sutherland, brother of Elizabeth, 10th Countess of Sutherland.[16] However, this version of events is disputed by both historian Angus Mackay and historian Sir William Fraser, who state that it can be proved that Alexander Sutherland was in prison in 1517 when the battle is supposed to have taken place.[17] Whatever the truth, the following year in 1518 or 1519, Alexander Sutherland claimed the Earldom of Sutherland for himself and rose up against his sister Elizabeth, 10th Countess of Sutherland and her husband Adam Gordon, but he was defeated and killed at the Battle of Alltachuilain.[18]
According to the book Conflicts of the Clans which was published in 1764, in 1542 the Battle of Alltan-Beath took place where the Clan Mackay were defeated by the Clan Sutherland.[19] According to historian Sir Robert Gordon, in 1542, chief Donald Mackay, 11th of Strathnaver was captured by the Gordon Earls of Sutherland and Huntly, and imprisoned in Foulis Castle.[20] However, this is disputed by historian Angus Mackay.[21]
In 1545 at Dingwall, the Earl of Sutherland entered into a bond of manrent with John Mackenzie of Kintail for mutual defense against all enemies, reserving only their allegiance to the youthful Mary, Queen of Scots.[22]
In 1547 John Gordon, 11th Earl of Sutherland led the clan against the English army at the Battle of Pinkie Cleugh.[8]
In 1555 the Battle of Garbharry was fought, which was the last battle between the Clan Mackay and the Clan Sutherland.[23] In 1586 the Battle of Leckmelm took place where the Sutherlands, Mackays and MacLeods defeat the Clan Gunn.[24]
In 1588 Castle Sinclair Girnigoe withstood a siege by the Earl of Sutherland and in 1590 George Sinclair, 5th Earl of Caithness, invaded Sutherland resulting in the Battle of Clynetradwell.[25]
17th century and Civil War[edit]
In the 17th century the Clan Sutherland began to acquire the reputation for enthusiastic and pious Protestantism. This is probably what made the Gordon Earls of Sutherland begin to distance themselves from their Gordon Earl of Huntly (Clan Gordon) cousins who were Catholics and later Jacobites. In 1645 John Gordon, 14th Earl of Sutherland led the clan against the royalists at the Battle of Auldearn but was defeated.[8]
In 1650, the Clan Sutherland along with the Clan Munro and the Clan Ross joined forces with the Scottish Argyll Government to fight against James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose and his royalist army of foreigners, who they defeated at the Battle of Carbisdale.[26]
In 1685, John Gordon, 16th Earl of Sutherland, raised men of the Clan Sutherland to oppose Archibald Campbell, 9th Earl of Argyll's expedition that was known as Argyll's Rising.[8] The Earl of Sutherland also raised two regiments from the clan after the Glorious Revolution of 1688.[8] The second of which he was a Colonel in command in Flanders in 1694.[8]
18th century and Jacobite risings[edit]
Jacobite rising of 1715[edit]
During the Jacobite rising of 1715, John Gordon, 16th Earl of Sutherland who later resumed the surname Sutherland, called out his men to fight for George I of Great Britain.[7] The Clan Sutherland garrisoned Inverness Castle against the Jacobites.[7]
Jacobite rising of 1719[edit]
In 1719, a detachment of men from the Clan Sutherland fought for the British government at the Battle of Glenshiel where they helped to defeat the Jacobites. The Earl and chief of Clan Sutherland had been of the surname Gordon ever since the early 16th century, however John Gordon, 16th Earl of Sutherland resumed the surname of Sutherland and was officially recognized as chief of Clan Sutherland by the Court of the Lord Lyon in 1719.
Jacobite rising of 1745[edit]
The Clan Sutherland also supported the British government during the Jacobite rising of 1745. At the start of the rising William, 17th Earl of Sutherland and chief of Clan Sutherland reconciled with their ancient enemies, the Mackays, settling the ancient feud.[7] In 1745 the fighting force of the Clan Sutherland was given as 2,000 men.[27] During the rising, Jacobites under George Mackenzie, 3rd Earl of Cromartie occupied the Sutherland's Dunrobin Castle,[7] and the Earl of Sutherland narrowly escaped them through a back door.[8] He then sailed for Aberdeen where he joined the Duke of Cumberland's army.[8] However, this same Jacobite force under the Earl of Cromartie was defeated by the Clan Sutherland militia,[7] who formed an Independent Highland Company, in what became known as the Battle of Littleferry.[28] However, despite all these efforts by the Earl of Sutherland to defeat the Jacobites, including his victory at Littleferry, he struggled to prove to the parliament in London that he had not had Jacobite sympathies.[29][30]
Disputed chiefship[edit]
The chief of Clan Sutherland was the Earl of Sutherland. When William Sutherland, 18th Earl of Sutherland died in 1766 he left an only daughter, Elizabeth.[7] This led to a legal battle over the succession to the title.[7] Elizabeth's right to succeed as a woman was challenged firstly by George Sutherland of Forse, who was a direct male descendant of the original de Moravia/Sutherland Earls of Sutherland and secondly by Sir Robert Gordon of Gordonstoun who was a direct male descendant of the later Gordon Earls of Sutherland.[7] The case was heard by the House of Lords on 21 March 1771 and it decided in favour of Elizabeth.[7] She married George Leveson-Gower, Marquess of Stafford who later became the first Duke of Sutherland in 1833.[7] The Duke set up businesses on the coast and ruthlessly cleared his tenants off the land, abandoning the customary obligations of a Scottish clan chief.[7] However, two tacksmen of the clan, the brothers Alexander and John Sutherland of Sciberscross, were opposed to the clearance of tenants in Sutherland.[31] Alexander Sutherland of Sciberscross, an army officer, fiercely opposed the clearances and was the source of much of the London press's critical coverage of the clearance events in Sutherland.[31] His brother, John Sutherland of Sciberscross, gave "covert aid" in 1813 to the Kildonan rebels opposing the clearances in Sutherland.[32]
Upon the death of the fifth Duke of Sutherland, the chiefship of the clan and the earldom of Sutherland devolved upon his niece, Elizabeth Sutherland, 24th Countess of Sutherland,[7] the current chief of Clan Sutherland.
Castles that have been owned by the Clan Sutherland include amongst many others:
- Dunrobin Castle, a mile to the north of Golspie, Sutherland is the historic seat of the Earls of Sutherland, chiefs of Clan Sutherland.[3] The current castle was developed out of an old stronghold that was remodeled in modern times by Robert Lorimer.[3] During World War I the castle was used as a naval hospital and between 1963 and 1972 as a public boys school.[3] The castle is said to be haunted by the ghost of a girl although there are different stories behind her appearance.[3] One is that she fell to her death from an upstairs window when she tried to elope with her lover and another that she was seized by one of the earls who desired her, but she refused him and also fell to her death.[3] Dunrobin Castle is still held by the Countess of Sutherland although she resides at the House of Tongue in Sutherland and also in London.[3]
- House of Tongue, about a mile north of Tongue, Sutherland is now the property of the Countess of Sutherland but was previously held by the Mackay Lords Reay.[3] There was once a tower house that belonged to the Clan Mackay but the present mansion dates from 1678.[3]
- Dornoch Castle, also known as Dornoch Palace was originally held by the Bishops of Caithness but passed to the Earls of Sutherland after the Protestant Reformation.[3] In 1567 George Sincliar, 4th Earl of Caithness had the town and cathedral burnt, and the castle besieged in order to secure possession of the young Earl of Sutherland.[3] However, it is also said that Sutherland was abducted from Skibo Castle.[3] Dornoch Castle held out in the siege for a month, surrendering on fair terms, but the hostages that were given by the garrison were subsequently murdered.[3] The castle was then burnt and left in a ruin until it was restored as a court house and jail in the nineteenth century.[3] The castle is said to be haunted and there are also stories of a tunnel linking it to the nearby cathedral.[3] The castle is now a hotel.[3]
- Duffus Castle, near Elgin, Moray,[3] was the seat of the Sutherland of Duffus branch of the clan. It was originally built by Freskin, Lord of Strathbrock, from whom both the Sutherlands and Murrays are descended.[3] Duffus passed from Freskin to the Cheynes but went to the Sutherlands by marriage in 1350.[3] The Sutherlands held the lands until 1843.[3] At the end of the seventeenth century the Sutherlands abandoned the castle for nearby Duffus House.[3] The Sutherlands of Duffus have a burial aisle at nearby St Peter's Church.[3]
- Forse Castle, near Dunbeath, Caithness,[3] was the seat of the Sutherland of Forse branch of the clan. The castle was abandoned in the eighteenth century and Forse House was built in 1753.[3]
- Golspie Tower, Golspie, Sutherland, the site of a large tower held by the Earls of Sutherland.[3]
- Helmsdale Castle, Helmsdale, Sutherland, site of a castle held by the Earls of Sutherland.[3] It was at Helmsdale Castle that Isobel Sinclair, aunt of the Earl of Sutherland poisoned John Gordon, 11th Earl of Sutherland and his wife, in order make her own son the earl.[3] She also attempted to poison the earl's heir but the cup of poison was actually drunk by her own son who died two days later.[3] She killed herself before being executed in Edinburgh.[3] This affair was a plot apparently hatched by George Sinclair, 4th Earl of Caithness.[3]
- Langwell Castle, Latheron, Caithness, was held by the Earls of Sutherland but was replaced by Langwell House, a mansion, in the eighteenth century.[3] The property was sold to the Sinclairs in 1788 and then to the Dukes of Portland who still own and occupy it.[3][33]
- Skelbo Castle, near Dornoch, Sutherland, is now a ruinous castle that was held by the Sutherlands of Skelbo.[3] In 1308 the castle was captured by Robert the Bruce.[3] The Sutherlands of Skelbo acquired the Lordship of Duffus in the fourteenth century.[3] This Sutherland family were forfeited for their part in the Jacobite rising of 1715 and the property then passed to the Earls of Sutherland.[3]
- Clyne, near Brora, Sutherland is the site of a castle that was once held by the Clyne family but passed to the Sutherlands in 1550 who still owned the property in the middle of the eighteenth century.[3]
- Berriedale Castle, at Berriedale, near Dunbeath in Caithness was originally held by the Cheynes in the fourteenth century but passed by marriage to the Sutherlands.[3] It had passed to the Clan Oliphant by 1526 and in 1606 to the Sinclair Earl of Caithness.[3]
- Cnoc Chaisteal, near Dornoch, Sutherland is the site of a castle that was believed to have been built by the Sutherlands of Evelix in about 1570.[3]
- Skibo Castle, near Dornoch, Sutherland, is now a mansion on the site of a castle.[3] The castle has been held by the Mackays, Grays, Dowalls and the Dempsters of Dunnichen.[3] It was remodeled for the Sutherlands in 1872 but was purchased by Andrew Carnegie in 1895.[3] It is now an exclusive country club.[3]
- Aberscross Castle near Dornoch, Sutherland was the seat of the Murrays or Morrays of Aberscross, a sept of the Clan Sutherland, they were the principal vassals of the Earl of Sutherland and were charged with the defense of the shire. Their name appears predominantly on the front line in the feuds with the Mackays and Sinclairs. Aberscross Castle fell into ruin in the 17th century.[34] (The name of the original line of Earls of Sutherland was "de Moravia" which means "of Moray" or "of Murray"). Aberscross Castle was held by the de Moravia (Murray) family from when they first moved to Sutherland at the end of the twelfth century.[35]
Clan Profile[edit]
- Gaelic Names: Suithearlarach (Singular) & Na Suithearlaraichean (Collective)
- Motto: "Sans Peur" (French for "Without Fear")
- Slogan: "Ceann na Drochaide Bige!" (Gaelic for "The Head of the Little Bridge!")
- Pipe Music: "The Earl of Sutherland's March"
- Crest: A cat-a-mountain saliant Proper
- Supporters: Two savages wreathed head and middle with laurel, holding batons in their hands proper.
- Plant Badge: Butcher's Broom, Cotton Sedge
- Animal Symbol: Cat.
- Arms (Earl of Sutherland as recorded for the fifteenth Earl, 1719):
- Shield: Gules, three mullets Or, on a bordure of the second a double tressure flory counterflory of the first.
- Old Sutherland (Ancient)
- Old Sutherland (Dress)
- Old Sutherland (Modern)
- Old Sutherland (Muted)
- Old Sutherland (Weathered)
- Sutherland (Modern)
- ^ Mac an Tàilleir, Iain. "Ainmean Pearsanta" (docx). Sabhal Mòr Ostaig. Retrieved 15 October 2009.
- ^ a b Clan Sutherland Profile scotclans.com. Retrieved 24 November 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as Coventry, Martin. (2008). Castles of the Clans: The Strongholds and Seats of 750 Scottish Families and Clans. pp. 563 - 564. ISBN 978-1-899874-36-1.
- ^ a b Gordon, Sir Robert (1580–1657). (1813). A Genealogical History of the Earldom of Sutherland. pp.85-106.
- ^ a b c d e f g Sutherland, Malcolm. (1996). A Fighting Clan, Sutherland Officers: 1250 – 1850. p. 3. Avon Books. ISBN 1-897960-47-6.
- ^ a b c d e f Way, George and Squire, Romily. (1994). Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia. (Foreword by The Rt Hon. The Earl of Elgin KT, Convenor, The Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs). pp. 284 - 285.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Way, George and Squire, Romily. (1994). Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia. (Foreword by The Rt Hon. The Earl of Elgin KT, Convenor, The Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs). pp. 332 - 333.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Sutherland, Malcolm. (1996). A Fighting Clan, Sutherland Officers: 1250 – 1850. pp. 7 - 9. Avon Books. ISBN 1-897960-47-6.
- ^ Clan Sutherland History ihug.co.nz. Retrieved 4 May 2013.
- ^ Gordon, Sir Robert. (1580 -1656). A Genealogical History of the Earldom of Sutherland. p.65 - 66.
- ^ 'Conflicts of the Clans' published in 1764 by the Foulis press, written from a manuscript wrote in the reigh of James VI of Scotland.
- ^ Mackay, Robert. (1829). History of the Clan and House of the Name MacKay. pp. 86. Quoting from Gordon, Sir Robert (1580–1656), A Genealogical History of the Earldom of Sutherland.
- ^ Mackay, Angus. (1906). Book of Mackay. (St Andrews University). Printed by William Rae, Wick. Pages 70 -71.
- ^ Sutherland, Malcolm. (1996). A Fighting Clan, Sutherland Officers: 1250 – 1850. p. 11. Avon Books. ISBN 1-897960-47-6.
- ^ Mackay, Robert. (1829). History of the House and Clan of Mackay. pp. 100 - 106. Quoting: Gordon, Sir Robert. (1580 - 1656). A Genealogical history of the Earldom of Sutherland.
- ^ Mackay, Robert. (1829). History of the House and Clan of Mackay. pp.100 - 106: Quoting from Gordon, Sir Robert. (1580 -1656) A Genealogical history of the Earldom of Sutherland.
- ^ Mackay, Angus. (1906). 'The Book of Mackay. pp. 82 - 83. Quoting: Fraser, Sir William, The Sutherland Book.
- ^ Gordon, Sir Robert. A Genealogical History of the Earldom of Sutherland. Originally written between 1615 and 1630. Re-published in 1813. Pages 95 – 97.
- ^ Foulis Press. (1764).The History of the Feuds and Conflicts Among the Clans in the Northern Parts of Scotland and in the Western Isles: from the year M.XX1 unto M.B.C.XIX, now first published from a manuscript wrote in the reign of King James VI." The only changes made is the modernising of the orthography to 1890 standards:-- . electricscotland.com. Retrieved on January 05, 2013.
- ^ Mackay, Robert. (1829). History of the House and Clan of the Name Mackay. pp. 114 - 118. Quoting: Gordon, Sir Robert (1580 - 1656). A Genealogical History of the Earldom of Sutherland.
- ^ Mackay, Angus. (1906). The Book of Mackay. p. 92.
- ^ Mackenzie, Alexander. History of the Mackenzies, with genealogies of the principal families of the name (1894). [1]
- ^ Mackay Robert. "History of the House and Clan of the Name MacKay" (1829). p.126 - 127. Quoting Gordon, Sir Robert. (1580 - 1656). "Genealogical History of the Earldom of Sutherland".
- ^ Gordon, Sir Robert. (1580 - 1656) "Genealogical History of the Earldom of Sutherland" .p.183.
- ^ Gordon, Sir Robert. A Genealogical History of the Earldom of Sutherland. Originally written between 1615 and 1630. Re-published in 1813. Pages 202 - 203.
- ^ Battle of Carbisdale Archived 27 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine scotwars.com. Retrieved 4 May 2013.
- ^ "The Scottish Clans and Their Tartans". W. & A. K. Johnston Limited. Edinburgh and London. 1886. Page 95.
- ^ Simpson, Peter. (1996). The Independent Highland Companies, 1603 - 1760. pp. 135 - 136. ISBN 0-85976-432-X.
- ^ Clan Sutherland History clansutherland.org. Retrieved 4 May 2013.
- ^ Sutherland, Malcolm. (1996). A Fighting Clan, Sutherland Officers: 1250 – 1850. p. 32. Avon Books. ISBN 1-897960-47-6.
- ^ a b Hunter, James. (2015). Set Adrift Upon the World - The Sutherland Clearances. pp. xviii - xix. ISBN 978-1-78027-268-9.
- ^ Hunter, James. (2015). Set Adrift Upon the World - The Sutherland Clearances. pp. 86 - 87. ISBN 978-1-78027-268-9.
- ^ "Langwell Castle". Stravaiging Around Scotland. Archived from the original on 29 September 2017. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
- ^ Early History of the Clan Murray (Clann Mhoraidh) in New Scotland (Nova Scotia) chebucto.ns.ca Retrieved 1 Jan 2012
- ^ Coventry, Martin. (2008). Castles of the Clans: The Strongholds and Seats of 750 Scottish Families and Clans. pp. 446. ISBN 978-1-899874-36-1.
- ^ The Keiths who were septs of the Clan Sutherland were in fact a branch of the Clan Keith of Aberdeenshire who had settled in Sutherland and Caithness.
- ^ The chiefs of the Clan Sutherland and Clan Murray shared a common ancestor in the direct male line. The surname of both families was originally "de Moravia" meaning "of Moray" or "of Murray" and as a result there were some people by the name of Murray who were septs of the Clan Sutherland in the far north. Most notably the Murrays or Morays of Aberscross who were the principal vassals of the Earl of Sutherland and were charged with the defense of the shire.


text:
It seems like just yesterday I was celebrating my 18th Birthday.
And now I'm 24
And now I'm 24
Life really doesn't wait for anyone
24 years old
And what have I accomplished in life?
Academically that part of my life is complete
Academically that part of my life is complete
but career wise life has just started for me
Last year this time my future was still a blurry image
Now... I guess it still is
What is waiting for me in the future?
What is waiting for me down this road?
I have no idea
but its exciting to find out
I want to climb
higher and higher
until I reach that top
and may no fear ever stop me
Happy Birthday to me
and all the best
cause I'm really gonna need it.