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Phil Ricks, a member of the Amistad Dam committee of the Chamber of Commerce—I don't believe he has come in, but he is here today.
W. E. (Bill) Cook, who will also testify briefly in a moment, who is a member of the Amistad Dam committee.
Jim Lindsey, our affable and popular county judge of Del Rio, who is also a member of that committee.
Mr. Jerrel Taylor, president of the Chamber of Commerce of Del Rio, one of the outstanding citizens of that area of Texas.
Mr. Bob Robertson, over here, another good spokesman for the people in that section. He is a prominent civic leader.
Another longtime personal friend of mine, Ben Woodson, with the daily newspaper there.
Alex Haynes, another businessman and prominent citizen of Del Rio.
Last but not least, and not from Del Rio but from San Angelo, who represents a wide area of southwest Texas and who is vitally interested in and has been identified with all the worthwhile soil and water conservation projects in that section for many years, Senator Dorsey Hardeman, of San Angelo.
Now, Mr. Chairman, as I say, two or three of these witnesses would like to make brief statements.
Mr. Selden. Mr. Fisher, we are delighted to have all of these gentlemen at the hearing today. We know of their deep interest in this project, as is evidenced by their long trip from Texas to Washington in order to be with us on this occasion.
Mr. Fisher. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
First, I suggest that Mr. Pettit, who is chairman of the Amistad Chamber of Commerce committee, directly interested in and responsible for the work of the Chamber of Commerce in the promotion of this project, and who has been working on it for as far back as when it was just a dream years ago.
Suppose you come up and make a statement expressing the views of the committee you represent.
Mr. Selden. We will be very pleased to hear from you, Mr. Pettit.
Mr. Pettit. Mr. Chairman, and members of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, my name, as Mr. Fisher told you, is Hawley M. Pettit. I am chairman of the Diablo Dam Committee of the Del Rio Chamber of Commerce, and I speak for this organization as well as the city of Del Rio, Tex., and for Val Verde County, in favor of H.R. 8080.
In 1944 the United States and Mexico entered into a treaty designed to utilize and control the waters of the Rio Grande to the fullest possible advantage and benefit of both nations. More recently President Eisenhower and the Mexican President, Adolpho Lopez Mateos, have reaffirmed the interests of both countries in speeding up construction of Diablo Dam.
Many years of work and planning have gone into the preliminary phases of this project. This represents a great deal of time, money, and effort, both on the part of the Government and on the part of the people of the area who are most highly interested in seeing the Diablo—or Amistad—Dam become a reality.
The need has been proven to be very great, both from the standpoint of flood control and the need for conservation of water and the generation of hydroelectric power. Only those who have been on the Rio Grande for many years can completely understand the full meaning of the need for the construction of this dam, for they have seen the Rio Grande during drought when it was a mere trickle of a stream and in many lower reaches of the river stood only in pools, and when whole cities and communities were in dire need of water. Then, too, they have seen this trickle, overnight, become a raging torrent destroying everything in its path, washing away bridges, homes, businesses, and destroying crops and livestock, and worst of all, snuffing out the lives of human beings.
Legislation deemed necessary for the operation of Diablo Dam has been passed by the State legislature. It has been approved by the State Board of Water Engineers and signed and recommended by Governor Price Daniel.1
The feasibility report which has been given by Commissioner Hewitt of the International Boundary and Water Commission clearly shows the need and justifies completely the cost of the construction of Diablo Dam. The Del Rio delegation is thoroughly in accord with the facts presented in the feasibility report and respectfully requests that the committee find in favor of this project which means so much to all the people who live along the valley of the Rio Grande.
Respectfully submitted, H. M. Pettit.
Mr. Selden. Thank you very much.
Are there any questions that any members would like to ask?
Mr. Burleson. Mr. Chairman, I would like to compliment Mr. Pettit and all of those with him, on his farsightedness and your enterprise in bringing this matter to fruition as you are doing, in an orderly sort or way. This offers me an opportunity to say also, Mr. Chairman—and I know that my other colleagues on the committee will join me in this—that I think all of you are fortunate in having men like O. C. Fisher and Joe Kilgore, Senator Hardeman, and others in official positions, who are so enthusiastic and so ably representing you, in this and other official capacities.
Mr. Pettit. Thank you very much. We feel very grateful to have them as our representatives here.
Mr. Selden. Thank you very much.
Mr. Fisher. Mr. Chairman, among the others here from Del Rio is Mr. W. E. (Bill) Cook, a certified public accountant. He is a director of the South Texas Chamber of Commerce which covers the entire area that is interested, on the American side, in this project.
Bill has a brief statement he would like to make expressing the views of the Chamber of Commerce of South Texas.
Mr. Cook. Mr. Chairman and members of the subcommittee of the House Committee on Foreign Affairs, my name, as Congressman Fisher has told you, is W. E. Cook, and I am a CPA from Texas, where the congressional district of Mr. Fisher is located. I am a past president of the Chamber of Commerce, an original member of the Diablo Dam (Amistad) Committee, a present director of the South Texas Chamber of Commerce and chairman of the South Texas Chamber of Commerce Diablo (Amistad) Dam Committee. I am the authorized representative of the South Texas Chamber of Commerce.
1 See app. I, p. 257.
This organization represents 52 counties in the State of Texas and represents all of south Texas except a small portion at the lower end of the State.
I realize the value of your time and therefore my report has been condensed to a very strong resolution passed by the 33d annual meeting of the South Texas Chamber of Commerce, its officers and board of directors, on October 12, 1959, together with supporting letters and exhibits attached thereto.
The small statement that you have in your hands does not contain the program of work activities which I have here and which I wish to give you for your files. It shows that Diablo Dam as it was known then, was the No. 1 work program for the South Texas Chamber of Commerce for the last 5 years. It also shows the area represented by the South Texas Chamber of Commerce, on one of the Chamber of Commerce bulletins.
(The document is as follows:)
. 1. Be it known that, Whereas, the principal objective of the South Texas Chamber of Commerce is the conservation of water, the storage of water, and the building of the economic resources of south Texas through the development of adequate and long-lasting sources of water supply, and
2. Whereas, the 1944 International Treaty between the Republic of Mexico and the United States of America agreed upon the construction of three international dams on the Rio Grande River for the purpose of flood control, water conservation, and the preservation of human life and property, and
3. Whereas, the construction on one (Falcon) of the three international dams as provided in the treaty of 1944 between Mexico and the United States has been accomplished, and the results of that construction have materially aided in the' development of that area below that dam known as the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas through the providing of a constant supply of water in times of drought and through the impounding of waters which formerly flowed into the Gulf of Mexico and through the harnessing of floodwaters which in the year of 1954 caused millions of dollars in economic loss in those areas, both in Mexico and Texas above the aforementioned dam, and further would have caused additional millions of dollars in economic loss to the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas, excluding the loss of life in both areas, and
4. Whereas, the site has been selected for the second dam in the series of three to be located approximately 9 miles north of the city of Del Rio, Tex., near the confluence of the Rio Grande and Devils River, and detailed plans and construction procedures have been agreed upon by both sections of the IBWC on said site as the most ideal location for Diablo Dam, and
4a. Whereas, the International Boundary and Water Commission has completed the feasibility report of Diablo Dam and said feasibility report has been presented at public hearings of the Board of Water Engineers of the State of Texas, said report unquestionably justifies the need and feasibility of the construction of Diablo Dam, and said Board of Water Engineers has approved the feasibility report, and
5. Whereas, the population of the area between that point above the city of Del Rio to that point where the Rio Grande River enters the Gulf of Mexico, both rural and urban, are completely dependent upon the river as a means of life and economy, and
6. Whereas, an urgency exists to prevent a recurrence of another disaster such as that in 1954 by flooding in the Rio Grande which resulted in the loss of many human lives and millions of dollars in property damage, and records show that a devastating flood on the Rio Grande occurs on the average of every 4 years, and whereas there now exists at this date another disastrous flood rendering hardship and great loss to our fellow Texans and Mexican neighbors below Falcon Dam, and
7. Whereas, if said Diablo Dam were constructed it would alleviate and eliminate those dangers as well as stabilise our rapidly diminishing water supply in a recurring drought-stricken area by providing a large storage basin whereby orderly release of stored floodwaters wp■uld add materially to the agriculture areas along the Rio Grande; and
7a. Since construction of Falcon Dam, the water level has fluctuated from minimum to maximum, and without construction of other upstream dams, this uncertain situation will continue to prevail forever; however with Diablo, the water in Falcon can be stabilized within limits, and at all times allowance for major floods can be made; and
8. Whereas, the storage basin provided by this dam being approximately twice that of Falcon would create a new souree of water by the reduction of water loss due to evaporation and uncontrolled seepage and runoff, and whereas in the October 19, 1958, flood, at $22 per acre-foot, approximately $44 million has been lost, which Diablo Dam could have saved, in addition to flood damages on both the Mexican and United States property adjacent to the Rio Grande (14,000 people homeless as of October 19, 1958, as seven villages and 80 percent of the land between the levees in the 150 miles between Rio Grande City. Tex., and a point 10 miles north of Brownsville, Tex., have been inundated by the waters of the Rio Grande) ; and
9. Whereas, the life of the existing dam known as Falcon would be doubled due to the retarding of the silting action which is annually lessening the economic usefulness of Falcon as a storage basin ; and
10. Whereas, the communities of Del Rio, Eagle Pass, Laredo, and Zapata, representing the major population areas located above the originally constructed dam and below the Diablo Dam site have reached a common agreement upon the need for the construction of such dam in order to stabilize the economy of the entire river basin; and
11. Whereas, at the 31st and 32d annual conventions of the South Texas Chamber of Commerce, in session at Corpus Christi, Tex., on October 20, 1957, and Laredo, Tex., on October 20, 1958, adopted and urged earliest possible action on early construction of Diablo Dam:
12. Now, therefore, be it resolved, That, on this 12th day of October 1959 at the 33d annual meeting of the South Texas Chamber of Commerce, its officers and board of directors, its Water Resources Committee and general membership, endorse the earliest possible construction of an international dam and reservoir near Del Rio, Tex.; and an immediate appropriation and authorization for its construction by the U.S. Congress, and in order to stabilize, protect, and increase the basic economy of the entire south Texas area, in order to save lives and properties, now and in the future, the South Texas Chamber of Commerce urges every citizen of south Texas to join with us and immediately and urgently wire and write all of our Congressmen. Senators, Gov. Price Daniel, and congressional committees, requesting immediate action and earliest possible construction of Diablo Dam.
W. E. Cook,
Mr. Cook. Mr. Chairman, the foregoing is a strong resolution for the early construction of the dam.
To give you some other idea of the size, the population estimated in 1959, the last estimate of the census, was 3,487,715 people in the South Texas Chamber of Commerce area.
I wish to express my gratitude for being allowed to appear before you and I thank you for your time.
Mr. Seldetj. We appreciate very much your remarks.
Mr. Fisher. On the list of witnesses I have Mr. Aubrey Rowland, who is authorized to speak for all the bridge owners up and down the Rio Grande from Amistad to the Gulf, but he felt it just as well to submit a resolution of the Association of Bridge Owners. He asked me to seek permission to include this statement in the record. It is a strong endorsement of the project born of experience that they have had in repairing bridges through the years, taking most of the profit out of the bridge business.
Mr. Selden. Without objection, Mr. Fisher, Mr. Rowland's resolution will be included as a part of the record at this point.
Resolution Adopted By Unanimous Vote Of The Mexico-texas Bridge Owners Association At The Annual Meeting Of The Association Held In Browns^ Ville, Tex., October 4,1955
Whereas, the Rio Grande flood of June 1954 destroyed international vehicular and railroad bridges between Del Rio, Texas, and Ciudad Acuna, Mexico, between Eagle Pass, Texas, and Piedras Negras, Mexico, and between Laredo, Tex., and Nuevo Laredo, Mexico, and caused great loss of lives and much human suffering, loss of millions of dollars in property damage, and caused costly business interruptions and public inconvenience by the cessation of the flow of commerce between the United States and Mexico, and
Whereas, the Falcon Dam on the Rio Grande, recently constructed by the Government of the United States and the Republic of Mexico under the provisions of the treaty concluded between these governments in 1945, prevented the discharge of the floodwaters into the highly developed Rio Grande Valley, proving without question its enormous value in flood protection by saving the lives, bridges, cities, and farms lying below it, and thus preventing a monetary loss doubtless equal to the cost of the Falcon Dam itself; and
Whereas, the International Treaty provides for the construction of other dams on the Rio Grande and the two governments, acting through their respective commissions, have compiled engineering data, and plans are now being prepared for the construction of a second international dam to be constructed on the Rio Grande River to be known as the Diablo Dam and to be located above Del Rio, Texas, and
Whereas, the construction of this Diablo Dam at the site selected near Del Rio, Texas, will afford protection from the recurring disastrous floods on the reaches of the Rio Grande between Del Rio and the Falcon Dam and thus prevent future damage to the highly developed agricultural, municipal, and international properties and facilities, including international highway and railway bridges which are located on this section of the river;
Therefore be it resolved, That the Diablo Dam project should be expedited as rapidly as possible so that the dam may be in readiness to control the recurring floods on the river, and that all governmental agencies, organizations, and municipalities and individuals having in charge the work of the Diablo Dam project and all interested individuals be urged to devote their time and influence in furthering the construction of the dam;
Be it further resolved, That a copy of this resolution be sent to the President »f the United States, Secretary of State John Foster Dulles, Senators Lyndon B. Johnson and Price Daniel, Congressmen Joe M. Kilgore and Clarke Fisher, and Hon. Leland M. Hewitt, Commissioner of the United States Section of the International Boundary and Water Commission.
I, the undersigned, A. M. Gault, certify this to be a true and correct copy of the resolution adopted by the Mexico-Texas Bridge Owners Association at the annual meeting of the Association held in Brownsville, Tex., October 4, 1955.
Mexico-texas Bridge Owners Association,
February 1, 1960.
Mexico-texas Bridge Owners Association
The Rio Grande Gateway Bridge Co., Brownsville, Tex.; Mr. H. W. Hiekford,


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Thinking about a new TV, digital camera, or ways to get more out of that HD TV you already bought? We take calls from across the states of North and South Carolina as people ask their questions in advance of their Black Friday shopping sprees. Learn how to get better quality HD TV for free. Listen to the podcast:
Podcast: Technology Edition of Your Day - November
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Phil Yanov is a Technologist, Columnist and Public Radio Commentator.
He is the founder of Tech After Five as well as the founder and President of the GSA Technology Council and the IT Leadership Council.
His personal technology column appears in Greenville Business Magazine and the Columbia Business Journal.
He co-hosts the Your Day technology shows heard on NPR radio stations across South Carolina and is a frequent contributor to technology stories appearing on radio and television.


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What is Free Digital Signage Software
Free digital signage software is often confused with free digital signage. The software is what allows you to input information onto the digital sign and the signage is the actual monitor and feed that comes into your business. You can use the free software to display information from inside your office, but you need to full signage to display outside feeds, such as weather radar or current stock market prices. Using digital signage can improve your employee knowledge and ability to perform their specific job functions.
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text: Play unlimited web sudoku easy online from Easy to Evil. Compatible with all browsers, iPad and Android. Provider of web sudoku easy puzzles for newspapers and other publications. Web sudoku easy is a popular puzzle game in Japan that has been spreading throughout the rest of the world lately. Similar in form to a crossword puzzle, the game is played using numbers only. There is no math involved, just the correct placement of the digits, one (1) through nine (9), into every row, every column, and every 3×3 square. When finished, each row, column, and 3×3 square must contain all nine digits. Games with such simple rules of play are often the most captivating, and therein lies the appeal of web sudoku easy. The game is simple to play, and once you get started, solving web sudoku easy puzzles can become quite addictive. So, to help provide your daily web sudoku easy fix, Gideon Greenspan and Rachel Lee have created Web web sudoku easy, a website that is capable of generating billions of puzzles. So many, in fact, that you won't soon run out. Some comments: Zengief: "Great minds think alike, Jay. I read the wikipedia article on the game on Friday and printed out the image there. I took a day and a half solving it, but I found out they can be pretty fun. Thanks for showing a web version of the game chicago tribune sudoku. If only there was a convient "print large size" button on the site." VJ: "I've done a few of these before… Quite fun. The "Hard" one took me about 10 minutes… Have any of you heard about the one which was in the Guardian which the writer claimed that a person from America or the UK CANNOT solve in less than 42 minutes (We don't fully understand strategies how to create the patterns in our minds) ? I want to give that one a go !!! If any of you know where I can find it please let me know ! Cheers ! VJ" David: "agh! mass brain leakage! I can't even get the easy one…" Dave Millar: "Hey Jay! Glad to hear you're better. These puzzles are quite fun and there are other versions with different shapes instead of 3×3 squares. Try searching for 'Latin Squares', and I'm sure you'll find a bunch. We did them in programming class a lot… I really miss programming class and wish I didn't have to take summer break."


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At NXT Takeover Blackpool, the 22-year-old, British based Australian star, Toni Storm defeated Rhea Ripley in a rematch for the NXT UK Women's Wrestling Championship. This was a much-deserved victory for Storm who has been a mainstay in British women's wrestling for the past few years.
Two headbangers. 🤘🤘 #NXTUKTakeOver #UKWomensTitle #NXTUK #ToniStorm @RheaRipley_WWE pic.twitter.com/wOwXZSZBEg
— WWE Universe (@WWEUniverse) January 12, 2019
Once a rockstar, ALWAYS a rockstar! #ToniTime #NXTUKTakeOver #UKWomensTitle #NXTUK #AndNew pic.twitter.com/CnLUwm6jnP
— NXT UK (@NXTUK) January 12, 2019
Speaking to WWE.Com she said:
"Where do I begin? I've just become the NXT UK Women's Champion and I won the Mae Young Classic to get this opportunity. I could have gone for the RAW title, I could have gone for the SmackDown [title], I could have gone for the NXT [title], but I chose the NXT UK Women's Championship because I love this brand and I'm gonna do anything in my power to step it up because it deserves the best women's division and that's exactly what I'm gonna do."
"The Mae Young Classic – you're right, it changed everything about me. I fought some of the toughest women in the world, right after a back injury. When bad things happen to you, you become a different person, you become a dangerous person, but you become a better person and sometimes you become NXT UK Women's Champion."
See the entire interview here:
Following the victory, recent WWE NXT UK signing Nina Samuels was one of many to tweet congratulatory messages :
Congratulations #ToniStorm
I know you'll embrace the new target on your back 👀#NXTUKTakeOver https://t.co/foJXR1mOUk
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As well as this from Triple H!
Winner of the 2018 #WWEMYC and now the NEW @NXTUK Women's Champion… #ToniStorm. #ToniTime #NXTUKTakeOver: Blackpool @WWEUK @WWENetwork #WeAreNXTUK pic.twitter.com/gE4TNGZrUZ
— Triple H (@TripleH) January 12, 2019
We can't wait to see who will challenge Toni Storm next, a recent WWE survey asked the question whether defeated champions should immediately get a rematch so we don't yet know if Rhe Ripley will be the one to get the first shot at the new champion. One thing is for sure, it is great for British women's wrestling to have the WWE NXT Women's Champion being someone who has done so much to put the British scene one the map.
Toni Storm appeared for the Bombshells previously with memorable matches against Ruby Radley and here against Lana Austin for the British Bombshell's title:


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Will the GOP candidates' blatant pandering to Southern voters this week hurt the party's chance at winning North Carolina in the fall?
Though many Southern voters see through their sudden use of y'all, appetite for grits, and endorsement by Jeff Foxworthy, their insulting-to-some Southern strategies might not hurt them in the fall election – even in NC as a swing state, which President Obama carried in the 2008 election.
David Coates, Worrell Professor of Anglo American Studies at Wake Forest University, Huffington Post columnist and author of Making the Progressive Case Towards a Stronger U.S. Economy, is available for comment today.
Critical of Obama's centrism, Coates offers strong views on issues such as jobs, gas prices, housing, immigration and health care.
Stephanie Skordas, firstname.lastname@example.com, 336.758.3826
Categories: Media Advisory
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Lauren Humphries – Associate
Lauren graduated from the Queensland University of Technology with a Bachelor of Laws and a Bachelor of Marketing (with Distinction). She has completed her Graduate Diploma of Legal Practice at the Queensland University of Technology. Lauren clerked for Justin Ratanatray, whilst he practiced as a barrister, prior to her commencement at H & H Lawyers in 2008. Lauren is primarily responsible for performing the day to day leasing and debt recovery work. Her enthusiasm, confidence and friendly nature is valued by the JKR Lawyers team.P: +61 7 3306 5225


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https://www.morgangfarris.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/bba-finalist.jpg 1080 1920 Morgan G Farris https://www.morgangfarris.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/weblogo_name-01.png Morgan G Farris2018-11-13 16:36:152018-11-20 15:23:56American Book Fest Best Book Awards Finalist - The Promised One
The Promised One – Finalist: Religious Fiction
American Book Fest: Best Book Awards 2018
I am so honored and excited to share that The Promised One (The Chalam Færytales, Book I) was a finalist in the American Book Fest Best Book Awards for 2018! Nominated in the religious fiction category, to be among the finalists is an honor! You can see a full listing of the finalists and winner here. And you can read the full press release from the American Book Fest here.


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� The assistance under the programme of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan will be on a 85:15 sharing arrangement during the IX Plan, 75:25 sharing arrangement during the X Plan, and 50:50 sharing thereafter between the Central government and State governments. Commitments regarding sharing of costs would be taken from State governments in writing.
� The State governments will have to maintain their level of investment in elementary education as in 1999-2000. The contribution as State share for SSA will be over and above this investment.
� The Government of India would release funds to the State Governments/Union Territories only and installments (except first) would only be released after the previous installments of Central government and State share has been transferred to the State Implementation Society.
� The support for teacher salary appointed under the SSA programme could be shared between the Central Government and the State government in a ratio of 85:15 during the IX Plan, 75:25 during the X Plan and 50:50 thereafter.
� All legal agreements regarding externally assisted projects will continue to apply unless specific modifications have been agreed to, in consultation with foreign funding agencies.
� Existing schemes of elementary education of the Department (except National Bal Bhawan and NCTE) will converge after the IX Plan. The National Programme for Nutritional Support to Primary Education (Mid-Day-Meal) would remain a distinct intervention with food grains and specified transportation costs being met by the Centre and the cost of cooked meals being met by the State government.
� District Education Plans would inter�alia, clearly show the funds/resource available for various components under schemes like PMGY, JGSY, PMRY, Sunishchit Rozgar Yojana, Area fund of MPs/MLAs, State Plan, foreign funding (if any) and resources generated in the NGO sector.
� All funds to be used for upgradation, maintenance, repair of schools and Teaching Learning Equipment and local management to be transferred to VECs/ School Management Committees/ Gram Panchayat/ or any other village/ school level arrangement for decentralisation adopted by that particular State/UT. The village/ school-based body may make a resolution regarding the best way of procurement.
� Other incentive schemes like distribution of scholarships and uniforms will continue to be funded under the State Plan. They will not be funded under the SSA programme. The major financial norms under SSA are:


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Colorado Springs Cosmetic Dentist
When it comes to appearance, your smile is front and center! Rangewood Dental offers a wide range of cosmetic dentistry services that dramatically transform your smile and boost your confidence. Extensive training with aesthetic dentistry procedures combined with advanced high tech equipment allow Dr. Hickenlooper to provide some of the top cosmetic dentistry in Colorado Springs. By staying up to date with technological advancements, our cosmetic treatments continue to provide patients with healthy, beautiful smiles.
In the past decade there has been a dramatic interest in cosmetic dentistry. We all realize that having a healthy, bright, beautiful smile enhances our appearance and allows us to smile with confidence. Thanks to the advances in modern cosmetic dentistry, we are able to improve our teeth and smiles with quick, painless and surprisingly affordable treatments.
Cosmetic dental treatments can:
Change the size, shape, and alignment of certain teeth.
Fill in unattractive spaces between teeth.
Improve or correct bites.
Lighten or brighten the color of teeth.
Repair decayed, broken, cracked, or chipped teeth.
Replace missing teeth.
Replace old, unattractive dental treatments.
Remember, your smile speaks before you even say a word!


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Hi All,
Up for sale is a Digiflavor Siren GTA 22mm Black as new (still actually in its wrapping).
I bought this one before I won another from HG a few months ago. I can't seem to get the build right so the one i have opened is going in the vapeagendon stash for another time.
Price is $40 posted including fees.
I won't be able to post til tomorrow as it's at the office and i'm at home. Pick up in the Melb CBD is an option.
Please keep all interactions in the thread.


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Works and services
"Gomel Radio Factory" has free production facilities, qualified
personnel of workers and engineers and technicians, in sufficient
quantities equipment for performing machining, welding, and assembly
works. The company has many years of experience in the manufacture of metal structures for various purposes and sizes.
In the machine-building production of the enterprise there are lathes with processing diameter up to 1000 mm, carousel machines with a working diameter of up to 4000 mm, boring machines for machining parts with dimensions up to 8000 by 2500 mm.
The enterprise can produce welded frame structures made of steel and aluminum alloys with the dimensions of 10000 for 2500 by 2500 mm.
We also provide services for plating:
Ø copper-plating of parts made of steel, copper and copper alloys;
Ø Silvering of parts made of steel, copper and copper alloys;
Ø chrome plating of parts made of steel, copper and copper alloys;
Ø galvanizing steel parts;
Ø Cadmium of steel parts;
Ø application of coatings to printed and volumetric assemblies;
Ø Application of polymer powder paint.
Contact phone: +375 (232) 21-60-02
Requests for electroplating please direct to. mail firstname.lastname@example.com


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Journal of SMT Article
COMPARISON OF NEAR-EUTECTIC SnPb AND SnAg SOLDER PLATING FOR WLP APPLICATIONS
Authors: Bioh Kim, Charles Sharbono, Tom Ritzdorf, and Dan
Company: Semitool, Inc.
Date Published: 7/7/2006 Volume: 19-3
Company: Semitool, Inc.
Date Published: 7/7/2006 Volume: 19-3
Abstract: The plating characteristics of near-eutectic SnPb and SnAg solders were compared for wafer-level packaging applications. The neareutectic SnPb process showed a typical polarization behavior due to the close proximity of reduction potentials of the two metals. No large change in surface morphology and alloy composition was observed with varying current density. In the case of the near-eutectic SnAg deposition, silver had significantly higher reduction potential and much lower concentration than tin. This resulted in a very unique polarization behavior, showing two separate plateaus. A significant change in surface morphology and alloy composition was observed with increasing current density. A displacement reaction also occurred between the tin anode and the silver ions in the bath. With the waferscale deposition of SnPb solder, we observed that (i) organic components had a major impact on alloy composition and surface morphology, (ii) growth shape changed significantly with deposition conditions, and (iii) bath composition, bath aging, deposition rate, and waveform significantly impacted the probability of abnormal growths. With the wafer-scale deposition of SnAg, we observed that (i) alloy composition was a function of various deposition conditions such as current density, silver concentration, flow conditions, and pattern parameters, (ii) the surface morphology at low current densities was dendritic, and (iii) gas generation from insoluble anodes was one of the major rate-limiting factors. With both bumping processes, we achieved a similar controllability (good uniformity and repeatability of thickness and composition) at high deposition rates, and reflown bumps had spherical shapes and smooth surfaces with no voids.
Key words : near-eutectic, SnPb, SnAg, plating, wafer-level packaging
Members download articles for free:
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What else do you get when you join SMTA? Read about all of the benefits that go along with membership.
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Trick - Definition
Trick [imp. & p. p. Tricked; p. pr. & vb. n. Tricking.]
1. To deceive by cunning or artifice; to impose on; to
defraud; to cheat; as, to trick another in the sale of a
Card trick A card trick is a magic trick performed with cards....... It is not important how difficult the trick is, it is important how well it is performed. And to perform a trick will you need to know a few things.
You need to know the effect.
The effect
The secret
The patter
If you submit a trick at www.falsecuts.com, it is appreciated when you describe all three subjects. The secret is essential of course, but the effect and the patter, will help others to understand your trick better. And will give them a helping hand in learning and understand the trick.
We are not responsible for the content on this website, due to the fact that people can freely post tricks, messages and comments.
© Pisa 2005-2006 All rights reserved - Hosted by www.servage.net
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►Add a New Event
►See all Events
he webinar will focus on academic research and policy level interventions that are aimed at developing resilient and reliable energy projects. Dr Long Seng To will describe new research focused on improving community energy resilience. Dr To recently led a workshop in Kathmandu, Nepal which sought to understand opportunities enhance community energy resilience in grid, mini-grid and stand-alone electricity systems. Joe Butchers will present results from a study investigating the reliability of 24 micro-hydropower plants in Nepal. Findings showed that the reliability of community energy projects are variable, transient and depend on the interconnection of social, technical and economic factors. Jiwan Kumar Mallik will outline the progress and planned future work of RERL in improving the reliability and resilience of new and existing community energy projects in Nepal.


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It is important to realise several
Broadly speaking this is radical exfoliation
and involves removing the outer layers
of the epidermis and in so doing, stimulating
re-growth and re-modelling in both the
dermis and the epidermis.
In modern cosmetic practice, this can
be effected either with a laser or chemical
treatments applied to the skin: in both
cases your skin is being burned in a
controlled way to remove the outer layers,
whilst leaving enough in the deeper
epidermal layers to re-populate. In
trained hands, this is generally a safe
treatment, but even in the best hands
complications occur, and at those times,
an distinct advantage of being treated
by an accredited Consultant Plastic
Surgeon, is that you are being treated
by someone who has been trained for
many years to manage people with thermal
and chemical burns to the skin.
This involves using a carbon dioxide
laser to remove the outer layers of
your skin. This a is a good way to remove
superficial wrinkles on the cheeks and
around the mouth.
It is not suitable if you have taken
Accutane™ in the past 12 - 18
months or are prone to adverse scar
formation (keloid scarring). Nor is
it suitable if you have an active skin
infection on the area to be treated.
If you have had oral herpes, but do
not have an outbreak when you are being
treated, I will cover the treatment
period with a course of Acyclovir ™
as prophylaxis.
The best candidates for laser resurfacing
have fair, healthy, non-oily skin and
have fine wrinkles around the lips,
eyes and cheeks. Patients with darker
skins have an increased risk of pigmentation
changes after laser resurfacing.
Acid (TCA)
This is a weak acid which when
used in different concentrations can
be used to rejuvenate facial wrinkles
(cheeks, eyes, lips) and to flatten
and de-accentuate, and often remove,
the eyelid xanthelasma ' the yellow-white
plaques deposited in the skin around
the eyes of people who have raised serum
cholesterol levels.
The Obagi
Blue Peel
This peel is the most effective
skin treatment available outside the
operating theatre and can achieve dramatic
results. It can dramatically improve
the appearance of acne scaring, fine
wrinkles, uneven pigmentation and sun
damage to leave your skin healthy and


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A Gift
The Bottom Line
The Business of Dying Is Hard
The Best Death Possible
The Good Good-bye
Transition .
Chasing Daylight By Corinne O'Kelly
Afterword By Corinne O'Kelly .
A Reader's Guide
Questions for Discussion
A Conversation with Corinne O'Kelly
Eugene O'Kelly started at KPMG as an assistant accountant in 1972 and ended his 30-plus year career as CEO, in which capacity he served from April 2002 to June 2005 before becoming a Senior Partner of the firm. He passed away on the 10th September 2005.


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Pulse iD is an emerging start-up in the FinTech industry. Originally founded by ex-bankers in Melbourne, the company now has offices in Singapore (HQ), Kuala Lumpur, Hong Kong and Melbourne. As we continue to scale, we are looking for a Platform Engineer (DevOps) who is passionate, innovative and team oriented to join us!
You will be reporting to an Engineering Manager of Pulse iD and working closely with a talented team to build meaningful solutions that serve millions of users in the industry.
Your responsibilities include:
What do you need to have ?
Sounds great?
We also offer the following:
Does it sounds like what you are looking for ?
Interested to know more about Pulse iD ?


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Events for March 24, 2020
Events Search and Views Navigation
10:00 am
Tuesday Trekkers – 10 am
Weekly guided snowshoe outing. March Tuesday Treks are offered based on a minimum pre-registered basis (Trek will not be offered without sufficient registrations 24 hours in advance; walk-ins welcome if the trek is taking place.) $15 per person. Snowshoe rentals available for an additional $12.)Find out more »


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$ 36.00
This piece is inspired by today's politics and the spoken and unspoken societal limitations placed on women. I have so much gratitude to the brave women that stood up before us and persisted so that we can now enjoy the freedoms, opportunities and respect that we have grown accustomed to.
However, there are still quite a few glass ceilings that need to be shattered. So this painting is dedicated to all the lovely women out there that are persisting in living their dreams despite obstacles, limitations and nay sayers....so that as they open new doors for themselves, they pave the way for the women standing beside them, behind them....and even the ones off to the side, to do the same.
This piece reads, "Nevertheless, she persisted, stronger and wiser".
MATTED PRINTSReproductions are matted to fit any 11"x14" frame


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M&ACompany purchase /sale,…Read more
Corporate FinanceGrowth finance, Refinancing,…Read more
StrategyTurnaround, Efficiency enhancement,…Read more
As M&A consultants, EUROCON provides you with an experience from more than 150 projects either on the Buy as well as on the Sell-side.
Selling a company is a complex issue, buyer and seller have to agree at the end. The overall deal structure has to fit - not just the price.
Investors are either players in the respective industry, so-called strategic investors, or private equity investors. In addition, family offices become more and more important. We consult many clients by implementing their buy-and-build strategy. A transaction is very often one of the most important decisions in life with far-reaching implications for the future.
We are pleased to evaluate the success probability for selling your company – strictly confidential, of course.
Many transactions fail due to a lack of experience. M&A projects require the right strategy fit, a consistent overall concept as well as experienced negotiation skills.
We know these success factors and are pleased to support you - individually for your purposes.
We consult you on the overall process, including research, meetings, all the way through to the Signing of a successful deal.
We have the experience in:
- Buy-Side and Sell-side
- Corporate Finance
- Buy-and-Build-Strategy
Company Funding
Reasons for company funding are diverse. Not just in growing companies, primarily the liquidity needs to be proper. Mostly new investments or the entry in new markets cause a further need for capital.
Due to exterior influences or even own omission, sometimes companies can get into an existential crisis. Consequently they need to act fast and professional without losing sight of the future.
The factor of success for companies in tough situations, e.g. caused by opinion differences of the associates, changes of the previous success factors, changes of the customer needs, reduction of equity or even struggle with liquidity, is communication and taking corrective actions early enough.
Due to numerous projects, we gained experience over two decades and now, we know exactly, what to do. Within our corporate finance consulting, we stick to a suitable mixture of various financing options and financing partners. At that we also use instruments as e.g. bond loan, factoring, sale and lease-back, acquisition of assets.
We know, how interesting a company from the sight of the loan-giving bank or equity giver is and therefore we will find the optimal financing variant.
For many years we have a broad and reliable financing partners network on all levels of Company Finance.
- Working Capital Finance
- Growth Finance
- Investment Finance
- Transaction Finance
- Associate Change
- Refinancing & Rescheduling
- Finance of a Restructuring
- Subsidies
- Acquisition of Assets
Strategic Realignment
In many business models, companies are liable to a more or less necessary process of change. At least partly, they need to critically question the previous development and how to set the direction for the future of the company.
Repeatedly we note, that the burden of the daily business, the previous success as well as the missing sparring partners on eye level sophisticate or block the sight for necessary adjustments.
Special challenges as well as chances for almost all companies are not just expected due to the internet and the next industrial Revolution "Industry 4.0". It happens right now - whether companies approve it or not.
We are convinced, that brave and prospective entrepreneurial acting enables companies to survive and to use significant potential.
Every company development requires a smart strategic determination. In the beginning of almost every single of our far more than 400 projects in M&A, Company Funding and Strategic Realignment there is a developing of a future strategy.
Broad experience, personal commitment, a high level of identification, and a well arranged toolbox help you with the development and implementation of your strategy for a successful future.
- Strategy Workshop
- Restructuring & Turnaround
- Efficiency Increase
- Cost Savings
- Liquidity Improvement
- Revenue Optimization
- Process Optimization


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A BOOK ALL FAMILIES SHOULD READ - IT SHOULD BE MANDATORY READING FOR ALL ENTERING THE MEDICAL PROFESSION - Keith Hunt
The Brain's Way of Healing by Dr. Norman Doidge
II. A Mother's Voice
Born Halfway Down the Stairs
A thirty-four-year-old British solicitor, a woman I'll call "Liz," was awakened from sleep with a pang. Only twenty-nine and a half weeks pregnant, she was going into premature labor. Within seconds, her husband was on the phone to the ambulance. She tried to get down the stairs, but halfway down the baby's head came out. As she made it to the bottom, she delivered him herself. The entire labor lasted fifteen minutes. The baby was hypothermic—very cold, a blue-gray color—and too young to breathe properly by himself. She thought she would lose him. The ambulance got them to the hospital, where he was put on a ventilator machine to help him breathe. On his second day, his parents were told he wouldn't survive the night. They stood vigil by his incubator.
He did survive, but children born that prematurely are likely to have many complications. "Will," as I'll call him, had suffered oxygen deprivation, which can cause brain damage. Over 60 percent of the first two years of his life were spent in the hospital. At three months he had surgery for a hernia, then became unable to urinate, so he needed a second operation. He developed convulsions, requiring two admissions for suspected meningitis. He lost a kidney caused by infections. He suffered from pneumonia and swine flu. He was on antibiotics permanently (a burden on the gastrointestinal tract, because antibiotics kill the healthy organisms necessary for digestion). Instead of the blissful peace of the womb, and the gentle sleep and endless embraces of infancy, Will endured constant discomfort, invasions of his body, and brushes with death, while his parents watched helplessly.
Will became a fussy baby, waking every night around one in the morning, staying up for four to five hours a night, disconsolate. Liz and her husband, "Frederick," lived for two and a half years on two to three hours of sleep. Will didn't like food, or even textures in his mouth, or any kind of sticky substance on his hands. He flapped his arms, as do many children with developmental disorders. He spent most of his days under a table or a sofa, maneuvering himself to feel pressure on his middle. When he went to bed, he had the same peculiar longing for a heavy weight of blankets on him that Tomatis had had.
Will's language development was delayed. His first word was "Dada" at ten months, but he never used it to identify his father. He would repeat the word for five minutes at a time. At fifteen months, he had a handful of words but never used them for communication—he used them to make "noises." He seemed deaf, because he didn't respond to his name. He didn't crawl or walk. And yet his parents could see that despite his problems, given the slightest relief from his torment, he was an affectionate baby.
At fifteen months, Will's doctors said he should get the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR); because his immune system was so weak if anyone was likely to get these illnesses, it would be him. Three weeks later he developed a fever of 105 and slipped into unconsciousness. The emergency room doctors suspected meningitis, and as they attempted to insert an intravenous needle, he became conscious. He struggled so hard, it took eight people thirty minutes to pin him down. Liz looked into his eyes as he was being pinned. To her they were saying "Why do you let them do this to me?"
After that he was terrified of needles and any kind of restraint.
At this point, he stopped speaking. From sixteen months on, Will didn't utter a single word. His personality changed—he withdrew. It was difficult to know which of the many stresses had caused his silence.
"At eighteen months," Liz says, "he wouldn't play with any toys. He was very autistic-like. He would turn a car over and spin the wheels—but would never play with it for its intended purpose. He was obsessive beyond comprehension, opening and closing every door for hours." He would run around furniture, as though he were trying to see the front, the side, and the back at the same time. He would put a piece of paper on the table, then run around the table. Out of his regular environment, at a mall, he would be unable to process all the new stimuli. At the park, he wouldn't go on the slide or the swing. All he did was run up and down along the fence railings.
He was unable to read his own bodily needs, didn't know if he was hungry or thirsty, never went to the cupboard to get food or tried to get a drink. He walked on tiptoes, an action seen in children with developmental problems—the persistence of a primitive "plantar" reflex. (The plantar reflex occurs when a physician strokes the bottom of the foot and the person's big toe turns up reflexively; it is present in young infants. It should disappear, but if it doesn't, that signals a brain problem.) He was so uncoordinated from low muscle tonus, he couldn't hold a crayon or a spoon.
Unable to speak yet so often overwhelmed, he had a horrible way of discharging his emotions. When he went into a meltdown, he would bite his hand or arms, and because of his exceptionally low muscle tonus, could bend forward and bite his own stomach, drawing blood. Afterward "he became calmer, like it was a release," says Liz. "As we look back at videos of him, the hurt in his eyes is unbelievable."
The family was referred to a developmental specialist. "On the day that changed my life forever," Liz says, "I was told by a very experienced pediatrician that he had very severe cognitive impairment based on brain damage, and was the mental age of six months, though he was already two years two months. The consultant spent an hour with Will. She got out a tea set and asked him to make tea. All he did was stack the cups, and knock them down. She also did the U.K. autism test, and it didn't show signs of autism. And she said he was not going to get better, and that by the time he was thirteen, he would probably have the mental age of a two-year-old."
Liz questioned how the doctors could be so sure of Wills prognosis, earning a reputation as a "neurotic mother" with the staff of the National Health Service. She read fiendishly about premature babies and in January 2011 found descriptions of children who seemed like Will in a book by Sally Goddard Blythe, called Reflexes, Learning and Behavior. Liz sent a long description of Will to Goddard's Institute for Neuro-Physiological Psychology, and Peter Blythe, the neuropsychologist who had set up the institute, contacted Liz and asked her to bring films of Will since birth. Liz asked him if there was anyone in England who could help, "and he said, 'No. There's only one man who can help Will. And that man is in Toronto.'"
"We arrived in Canada. It was a heavy snow in March," says Liz. Will was nearly three and hadn't said a word for eighteen months. He couldn't sleep, walked on his tiptoes, was constantly frustrated, and in perpetual motion.
Paul Madaule examined Will and was confident his problems were chiefly neurological, mostly related to the vestibular or balance apparatus in the ear (introduced in Chapter 7) and how it related to the relevant brain areas that process balance.
Tomatis had emphasized that ears have two different functions. The cochlea, or "ear of hearing," as Tomatis called it, processes audible sound. It detects the sound spectrum from 20 to 20,000 Hz. The vestibular apparatus, or "ear of the body," as Tomatis called it, normally detects frequencies under 20 Hz. People experience the lower range of these vibrations, 16 Hz and slower, as "rhythmic" because they are slow enough for a listener to perceive the intervals between the individual waves. These frequencies often induce body movement.
Tomatis called the vestibular apparatus the "ear of the body" because the semicircular canals within it function as the body's compass, detecting its position in three-dimensional space and how gravity affects it. One canal detects movement in the horizontal plane, another in the vertical plane, and another when we are moving forward or backward. The canals contain little hairs in a fluid bath. When we move our heads, the fluid stirs the hairs, which send a signal to our brains telling us that we have increased our velocity in a particular direction. The signals from the vestibular apparatus travel along a nerve to a specialized clump of neurons in the brain stem, called the vestibular nuclei, which process the signals and send commands to the muscles to adjust themselves, to maintain balance. The "ear of the body" allows infants to switch from being mainly horizontal, crawling creatures with big heads to standing erect on narrow feet and walking without falling.
The specialists in England had assumed that the reason Will ran around furniture and other objects was that he couldn't see things in three dimensions, so he circled them to detect their depth. Paul had a different take. He thought Wills brain was "starved" for vestibular stimulation, because of a vestibular problem. By running around things, he was trying to stimulate his balance sense, which normally integrates input from the semicircular canals of the ear, the bottom of the feet, and the eyes, all of which give important sensory input about orientation in space.
Normally, when a child turns his head to look at something while walking, his vestibular sense tells him that he, and not what he is looking at, is moving. But when Will moved his head, he saw what he was looking at as moving, and it fascinated and energized him, so he could keep moving for hours without tiring. And because Will had a vestibular problem, he felt unstable in his own body and always felt as though he were in a rocking boat, always moving, and because his world was moving, he had to move with it.
One reason Will wanted heavy objects on him was that he could not tell where his body was in space, a consequence of his poor vestibular function. The balance system gives a person the sense of being grounded, rooted, and bounded, so necessary for having a settled, stable sense of self. Children born prematurely miss out on the allotted time nature usually provides for feeling enclosed in the protective comfort of the womb; they are born before their brain can filter out unnecessary sensations, so they feel assaulted by stimulation. Paul believed Will wanted pressure on his body as part of his attempt to integrate all his sensations and experiences as part of a single self—a way of "pulling himself
together." Nurses working with premature babies often swaddle them tightly in blankets, which settles them. Will was swaddling himself.
Will's nonverbal, two-way communication with others told Paul that he appreciated that other people had minds; that realization meant, by the common definition, that Will was not autistic. But Will had what Paul called "the peripheral symptoms of autism," such as tiptoe walking and hypersensitivities. Ten weeks of prematurity, followed by two brutally traumatic years, had led to what Paul called "missteps in development." And Will suffered from "the discomfort and fear which comes from being close to death, which adults can verbalize and kids cannot, but which I am sure has an impact on little kids."
Paul's feeling was that the British diagnosis was true as far as it went—parts of Will's brain may have been "unrepairable"—but that diagnosis left out the possibility that Will may not have developed normally because he hadn't received the kind of stimulation he needed, at the time he needed it, to awaken normal development. Paul couldn't know which of Will's symptoms were based on brain cell death, and which on global developmental delays. But because he knew the brain is neuroplastic, his approach was "Let's stimulate Will's brain and see what happens."
The first fifteen days of Will's treatment were devoted to the passive phase. For ninety minutes, Will listened through headphones to Mozart, and to his mother's voice reading nursery rhymes, both filtered. After that, Paul played Will unfiltered Gregorian chants, sung by a choir of male voices. These Gregorian frequencies were to relax him, after intense sound stimulation. The rhythm of the chant matched the breathing and heartbeat of a calm, relaxed listener. To Liz, it seemed Will knew, almost immediately, that this process was helping him. Each morning he was more eager than the last to get out of his stroller, get up the steps, burst through the doors, and start.
Paul told Liz that Will might sleep a lot while listening to the music, and he did. Paul also predicted that near the end of the first week, Will would probably start sleeping better. On the sixth night, Will slept through the night for the first time in his life.
"It was absolutely unbelievable," says Liz, crying. "When someone says something like that is going to happen—and it will change your sons life—these are things you hold them to."
The first time Will listened to his mothers highly filtered voice—so filtered Liz couldn't recognize it—he started to look at her more and connected more deeply to her. He wanted more interaction and would sit close to her and try to join her in activities, or he would pull her toward him. His frustration and anger toward her eased. "It felt like he knew it was me," she says. Yet this was intriguing because he had, after all, heard her unfiltered voice all his life. Though children don't consciously identify their mother's voice with the whistling sound, Paul and his staff constantly see children who have shown no connection, or who show a limited or ambivalent one, spontaneously hug their mothers and for the very first time make eye contact and show signs of tenderness. Hyper children become calmer; goody-two-shoes children begin to act out in a healthy spirited way; and most become better listeners and talkers. Paul wrote, "It is as if the filtered sound of the mother's voice increases the child's desire to be born to a world where sound and language are a means of communication." Some autistic children start babbling, then for a few days scream high-pitched sounds, then begin to speak and make eye contact. Adults who do the training with the mother's voice may find they are less tense, sleep better, express more emotion (both pleasant and unpleasant), and become more energized.
Paul also made a prediction about Will's language. "He was very specific," says Liz. "He said, 'Expect to see language changes on day four.'" And on day four Will said his first word. He was on the floor, listening to filtered music, when he said "lion" while placing a picture of a lion into a jigsaw puzzle. It was the first word he had ever used in context. The next day, as he put the number eight into a puzzle, he said "eight." He added one new word a day, always while listening to the filtered music. On their last day in Toronto, Darlah Dunford, one of Will's therapists, put him on a swing and said, "Ready, steady, go!" and swung him several times. Then she said, "Ready, steady..." but didn't release the swing until he spoke the final word. He completed her sentence, saying "Go!" and she swung him.
After fifteen days, Will had ten words, was using them in context, was sleeping through the night, and was playing appropriately with toys for the first time. He was no longer always moving. And he stopped biting his stomach and drawing blood.
The mother's voice plays a special role in the treatment of premature children—it is one of the strangest aspects of Pauls technique, but it seemed even stranger when Tomatis first developed it. It is now established that a fetus can recognize its mother s voice, but when Tomatis first proclaimed that the maturing fetus—curled up in the womb, oddly enough, in the shape of an ear—could hear sounds and recognize the mother's voice, medical schools were teaching that fetuses, and even newborns, were not capable of awareness. The argument—routinely made as recently as the 1980s—was that the infant's nervous system was not sufficiently complete. The unborn child was a witless tadpole.
In the early 1980s, scientists (and especially the Toronto psychiatrist Thomas Verny) gathered studies proving that the fetus has experiences in the womb. Until then, only some mothers (who believed it made sense to sing to their fetuses) and a few psychoanalysts (including D. W. Winnicott) argued that the unborn child perceived and had feelings. Freud and Otto Rank, who believed that birth could be traumatic, agreed with these ideas. Tomatis read about the unborn child's alertness in the work of the neonatal neurologist Andre Thomas, who demonstrated that newborns, surrounded by conversing adults, turn only to their mother's voice. Tomatis wrote that this action must indicate recognition of "the only voice of which he or she was aware while still in the fetal stage."
"My own experience as a premature baby often stirred up and guided my libido sciendi" or desire to know, wrote Tomatis. In the 1950s, eager to better understand the origins of listening, he wondered what it would be like for an infant to hear the mother's voice in utero— from within her body. To find out, he built an artificial womb and filled it with fluid, designed to replicate the sounds of the intrauterine environment. He equipped the "womb" with waterproof microphones, and from inside it he played sound recordings from the bellies of pregnant women. As he listened, he heard deeply soothing sounds: from the intestines, the brooklike gurgling of fluids; the rhythm of the mother's breathing, ebbing and flowing like the surf; her heartbeat; and in the distant background, the faint sounds of her voice. He saw premature birth as emotional trauma that the infant experienced, in part, because of the sudden loss of all these sounds. He suggested that the mother's voice be piped into incubators to soothe premature infants, a practice that was taken up in parts of Europe. And to help people who had had auditory problems since infancy, he began to use the mother's voice in the Electronic Ear, filtered so it sounded as it did in the womb.
By 1964, scientists had demonstrated that the eardrum and the inner bones of the ear are already adult size halfway through pregnancy; that the acoustic nerve is mature by then and can conduct signals; and that the temporal lobe, which processes sound, is also largely functioning. Eventually 3-D ultrasounds and methods of monitoring the fetal heart and brain waves showed that fetuses respond to voices. Recent studies confirm that the fetus can differentiate its mother's voice from other voices. Barbara Kisilevsky and her colleagues, working with sixty pregnant mothers (on average 38.2 weeks pregnant), played a recording of each mother's voice, ten centimeters above her abdomen; they found that the heart rate of the fetus increased, but not when they played strangers' voices. Recent studies have replicated Andre Thomas's findings that newborns prefer their mother's voice to that of strangers and prefer stories that were read to them by their mothers in the last six weeks of pregnancy to new stories. Immediately after birth, newborns can distinguish the "mother tongue"—the language the mother spoke while they were in the womb—from another language, and newborns have neural networks sensitive to native speech before birth.
Tomatis believed that all unborn children, during the four and a half months that their ears are functioning within the womb, grow "attached" to the sole voice they hear murmuring a language they do not understand. Some argued, "But isn't the contact between child and mother primarily a physical one?" to which he answered, "Language, too, possesses a physical dimension. By causing vibrations in the surrounding air, language becomes a sort of invisible arm by which we 'touch' the person listening to us in every sense of the term."
Paul puts it this way: "We don't relate to people directly; we relate through our voice. It is a medium. The brain is a tool user, and the voice is a tool." The unborn child in the womb hears many lower-frequency sounds (like the heartbeat and breathing), and then the mother's voice, which has low but also higher frequencies of speech, occasionally breaks through.
Paul continues, "We can imagine the unborn child making a first attempt to 'connect' with the more agreeable sound of the voice of her mother. But unlike a radio, the voice is not always 'on' and the fetus cannot control it. She has to wait until it comes on to enjoy it. Thus the first motivation to reach out is born. This is followed by the first gratification— the pleasure of hearing this sound again. This initial silent 'dialogue'gives birth to listening. Many mothers sense and respond to their unborn child's silent quest for dialogue. They sing the same songs over and over again The unborn child does not understand the meaning
of the messages sent by the mother's voice. What he 'understands' is the emotional charge of those messages."
Will responded profoundly to the listening therapy: he slept better, spoke, formed closer emotional connections, and was able to regulate his emotions. At that point he had finished his fifteen-day passive phase. Paul said that Will would need six weeks for his brain to consolidate his gains. His development would continue, but as he started to communicate for the first time, he would also develop new frustrations. Paradoxically, this change would be a sign of progress.
When the family returned to Britain, Will continued to develop. He got up to twenty-two words, his sleep was now "fantastic," his appetite improved, and many of his unusual symptoms vanished. He was no longer squashing himself underneath weights, running around tables, looking at objects from different angles, or opening and closing doors. Toys he had never played with were now being used appropriately.
Six weeks later, in May 2011, they returned to Toronto for a second fifteen-day visit, to begin the active phase. Will listened to filtered music again, but also to his own filtered voice while he spoke or sang. Over the fifteen days his vocabulary grew, he was able to communicate better, and he became calmer. Because he could communicate his emotions and thoughts, he didn't rage or bite himself when frustrated, and Liz could now reason with him. He progressed to role-playing and pretend play, and his imagination flourished. Sound stimulation had so awakened his brain that he developed a sense of smell for the first time.
But as Paul had predicted, he was often frustrated. Two to three days into his second treatment phase, having begun communicating, he suddenly expressed intense annoyance and threw tantrums whenever his parents couldn't immediately understand him. Having tasted communication, he wanted as much as possible. Then after a month, his frustration diminished as quickly as it had begun.
"Paul said he would be speaking in sentences by Christmas," says Frederick, "and literally a week before Christmas, he did."
Paul had developed a portable Electronic Ear, called the LiFT (for Listening Fitness Trainer), and he gave Liz one to take home to England. Paul kept in touch by Skype, modifying Will's program as needed. In late 2012 speech and language therapists in England declared Will's language, speech, and comprehension to be age appropriate for a four-year-old.
In eighteen months, with Paul's help, he had moved through more than four years of language development, because in fact, at four, he read and comprehended at a six-year-old's level. Frederick marveled the day Will read the word scientist, thinking, "Two years ago he couldn't speak!" In September the pediatric consultant in the U.K. apologized, saying that she had "got it totally wrong," and she admitted that Will's progress completely blew her away and that she would now direct other children like Will to listening therapy.
The pediatric consultant's original assessment—that Will would not progress—no doubt had its source in the doctrine of the unchanging brain as she had been taught it and as it was still being applied to premature infants. While many premature lives are saved, the long-term statistics are that between 25 and 50 percent of such infants (who have not had listening therapy) have cognitive and learning disabilities, attention problems, social interaction difficulties—and often cerebral palsy. The view of mainstream physicians has been that such catastrophic deficits must be caused by brain cell death.
But a 2013 study by Justin Dean and Stephen Back shows that when fetal lambs in the womb sustain even a catastrophe as deadly as lack of oxygen to the brain, it does not necessarily kill all brain cells, though it may decrease the number of neuronal branches and synaptic connections between the neurons. These oxygen-deprived fetuses have a smaller brain volume than normal, but it is not caused by an overall loss of neurons. Rather, the smaller brain volume is caused by the lack of connections between the neurons. The neurons have fewer dendritic branches to receive signals from other neurons, and the branches they have are shorter, and there are fewer synapses between neurons. The neurons hadn't matured properly. Dean and his colleagues concluded, "Our findings question current assumptions that the cognitive and learning disabilities in preterm survivors arise principally from irreversible brain injury resulting from neuronal degeneration."
Prematurity, even without oxygen deprivation, contributes to fewer connections between neurons because a rapid increase in the branching of fetal neurons normally occurs in the last third of pregnancy—the period when most premature babies are extruded from the womb. The problem is that mainstream physicians have no training in using mental activity or sensory stimulation to "hook up" disconnected neurons and help them mature, training that would take advantage of the fact that "neurons that fire together wire together." It took experts like Alfred Tomatis and Paul Madaule to devise ways of stimulating neurons to fire and wire to connect, because everyday experience—of which Will had plenty—is insufficient to do so. Before he could make use of everyday experience to mature, he had to pass through the steps I have described: in the first few days he required appropriate neurostimulation, which turned on the parts of his brain that neuromodulate arousal. He got the neurostimulation and began to sleep properly. This state of neurorelax-ation allowed him to accumulate energy so that he was soon able to make huge leaps in language development and sensory discrimination, a sign of neurodifferentiation.
It's June 2013, and Will is back at the Listening Centre for his third visit. We are in the sensory room, filled with swings, hammocks, and toys with different textures. Will is listening to filtered music with the headphones wrapped around his thick blond hair. He has cherubic cheeks and is a charming, disarming chatterbox.
"Hallo!" he says immediately to me with great warmth, making good eye contact. Darlah stands over a mirror on the floor, holding a tube of lotion, and asks Will, "How many squirts do we do?"
"Seven!" he answers joyfully. "Can I skate on it?"
"Yes," says Darlah, helping him pull off his socks and putting seven squirts on the mirror. Will stands on the slippery surface and moves his feet around on it. He falls, emits peals of laughter, and plays with the lotion, which is all over him. This is the boy who couldn't tolerate gooey or sticky textures. He gets up and runs in place.
Will is learning to integrate sensory input, motor movement, balance, and coordination. That he had had problems integrating sensory input could be seen in his hypersensitivities to sound and tactile sensations, his need for constant movement, and his lack of coordination.
When Paul works with children who can't speak or who have immature or delayed speech, he often finds that moving them on a swing while they are wearing the Electronic Ear stimulates their speech, showing the interplay of the vestibular apparatus and the cochlea. Movement naturally induces speech, he has observed, and mothers, by bouncing their tots on their laps, are stimulating their children's vestibular system, preparing the way for speech.
Tomatis emphasized that we have two ways of picking up sound. First, air conducts sound waves through the ear canal to the cochlea; this is called air conduction. Second, sound waves vibrate directly against the bones of the skull, which conduct sound to the cochlea and the vestibular apparatus. This is called bone conduction. Tomatis found that he could best influence the vestibular apparatus through bone conduction because it conducts lower frequencies especially well. So he attached a small vibrating device to the headphones of the Electronic Ear, to sit directly against the skull. Wills headphones were thus equipped with a bone conduction vibrator. Its impact on his vestibular system brought about a radical decrease in his need to "move around" when he looked at objects because he was no longer starved of vestibular stimulation. The stimulation to his poorly functioning vestibular apparatus (which had left him feeling he was always moving) fixed it and left him feeling more at home in his body, less clumsy, and more grounded.
The Listening Centre used objective measures to monitor Wills vestibular functioning. When a person with a healthy vestibular apparatus is seated in a rotating chair and is then spun rapidly and stopped suddenly, his eyes will quickly jerk, many times, in the direction opposite to his spinning. This normal reflex, called postrotary nystagmus, is a sign that the vestibular apparatus is detecting body movement and sending signals to the eyes to readjust where they look. But many developmental delayed children, and children on the autistic spectrum, don't have postrotary nystagmus. When Darlah first spun Will and stopped him, his eyes stayed still. But a couple of days ago, when Darlah spun Will, he said, "I feel funny," and his eyes showed nystagmus for the first time—a sign his vestibular apparatus was kicking in. When she got him to explain what "feeling funny" meant, it turned out he was dizzy, a new experience for him.
Just before Will's latest visit, he had to have his adenoids removed. Since every operation triggers the unresolved traumas of his previous surgeries. Will regressed a bit in his skills and behavior. "Yesterday," says Liz, "he tripped and fell and said to me, 'Why did you let me trip?'"
"If anything goes wrong, he blames his mom. He doesn't blame me," says Frederick, puzzled.
"I hear that all the time," says Paul. "From the standpoint of the suffering child, Mom is the cause of all his pain. The one who gave me life, gives me all the problems of life. And that makes mothers feel very guilty—inappropriately so. We do everything we can to remove that with counseling, but another way to settle that child down is to use her voice, the mother's voice, which can be very soothing in this situation." To help out, Paul played Will the recording of Liz's voice, and it calmed him quickly. Such is the rectifying power of the filtered voice, sounding just as it did in the sanctuary of the womb, before his life's troubles began.
Two days later its Wills fifth birthday at the Listening Centre. Will is not simply talking—his vocabulary is downright sophisticated. When Darlah brings in two bags of birthday presents—toys he's grown to love in the sensory room—he says, "I wasn't expecting that!" and gives Paul a big hug. Then he takes a drink from the water fountain and goes to throw out his cup. Seeing two wastebaskets side by side, he reads a sign over one out loud, "'Recycling drinking cups go here.'"
The cake comes out, and he smiles and yells, "Hip, hip, hooray! A big hooray!" in his little-boy English accent, and he dances. "Its a white cake!" he exclaims, and blows out the candles. "Are we going to share it?" he asks Liz, subtly instructing her to begin cutting the cake.
Liz says, "Last night he said to me, 'Mom, will I be bigger in the morning?' And I said, 'Well, you'll have to look in the mirror.' And he did, and said, 'Look, my neck's longer!'" He's a happy boy—he jokes— and though Liz, Frederick, Paul, and I have talked about his eventually needing to work through the terrible traumas of the first few years of his life—episodes he never brings up—for now, as long as no one tries to restrict him physically, he displays the most pleasant, outgoing, endearing of temperaments, overflowing with affection.
Will goes to a regular public school now.
Paul, feeling so happy for Will, leans over to me and says, "I agree that neuroplasticity is the ability of the brain to change at any time and any age. But when you have the opportunity to use it early—as we got to do with Will—there is so much more you can do. Had we waited another ten years, he would have been so damaged by then. We could have helped him, but we would have had a child who had years of struggle, was completely lost in his senses, was unable to put a sentence together, unable to express his feelings and needs, and all those experiences would have accumulated, leaving him locked within himself."
Liz, Frederick, Will, and his baby sister return to England tonight. Wills extended family back home is incredulous. "They can't comprehend," says Liz, "that Will listened to filtered Mozart, Gregorian chant, and his mother's voice, and it changed his life. It's surreal."
Frederick pipes in, "It was like a miracle for us. But it's all true. All the specialists and consultants—all but Peter Blythe—said he was braindamaged and would be an eighteen-month-old forever. And most people would accept that. But she"—he points a trembling finger at Liz, holding their one-year-old daughter—"wouldn't believe it."
I look over at Liz, bouncing her healthy baby girl on her lap. Liz has blond hair and earnest eyes; she is wearing stylishly torn jeans and looks for just this moment like an ordinary mother, at her son's happy but otherwise unremarkable fifth birthday.
WOW IF ALL THAT JUST DOESN'T BLOW YOU AWAY……. OH THE BRAIN, WONDERFULLY MADE….. AND HOW IT CAN HEAL ITSELF WITH THE RIGHT STIMULI - TRULY REMARKABLE - Keith Hunt


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Personal Injury Claims - Protect Your Rights by Knowing What Not to Say
Author: Arthur Gueli
Pursuing a personal injury claim puts you in an unfamiliar situation. You'll have to think carefully before you speak to anyone. From the adjuster, to the defendant, to the police officer at the scene - what you say makes a difference.
Never forget that the insurance company wants to save money. When processing your claim they'll use anything you say against you in order to lower your settlement payment.
Litigation and claim processing really starts the moment an accident happens. You can make or break your case depending on how you handle yourself immediately after the accident. You must collect and pay attention to evidence, and you need to keep a clear record of what you see.
What you say during this time can sometimes come back to haunt you. Imagine that you come out of a car accident and you're faced with a hysterical driver. You might feel the need to calm them down. It would be natural to say things like "it?s okay", "it?s not your fault", or even "it?s my fault." You might also feel the need to say that you're okay and aren't injured. Saying such things is normal and shouldn't totally ruin your personal injury claim. But these statements can make things more difficult, especially if you were heard by witnesses.
If you have an accident on business property, you may be interviewed by a company representative, or be asked to fill out forms on the accident. First of all, don?t sign anything. The only thing they could possibly ask you to sign is something that will clear them of responsibility. You haven?t even thought about a personal injury claim yet, so why would you let them off the hook?
As for questions they'd ask, answer like you would for a police report. Never say anything that will admit negligence on your part. Don?t even hint at it. Something as simple as saying you're not sure what happened, or that you may have made a mistake, is bad for you.
When discussing your personal injury claim, you want to make sure you refer to your injuries in medical terms. Usually you'll just be repeating things from your medical file.
Sometimes, you might be tempted to use terms that are medical slang. Don't do this. A common example of this kind of slang is the term "whiplash." This term is widely used and serves to quickly explain a certain type of injury, but it's a bad word to use when discussing a personal injury claim.
Whiplash has never been a medical term. It used to be an acceptable way of describing certain injuries incurred from a car accident. These days it's become associated with exaggerated or even fraudulent claims. Using it can damage your case - it can create a negative view with the adjuster or the judge.
No doubt there will be other times when you should watch what you say. The general rule to remember throughout your personal injury claim is: you're not an expert. Whether it's legal or medical, don't let anyone pressure you into saying something that isn?t your place to say - this is especially true when determining the extent of your injuries. And remember, if something is your fault, then it's someone else?s job to prove it.
Arthur Gueli works with his brother Charles (a licensed personal injury attorney) teaching injured people how to protect their rights and obtain fair compensation for their damages.
Learn more about liability in traffic accidents (and how to make it work in your favor) at this page on their information-packed website: http://www.injury-settlement-guide.com/personal-injury-lawsuits.html


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Well don't you know if I could I would give just about every room an overhaul at one time! Since that is not reality (one can dream) I was bee bopping around the net getting inspired for the next project. You know there is always one. Drives my husband crazy. But he keeps coming back for more, so he must like me a little. I would love to get my hands on Josh's office. It is such a mish mash of things. So here is a bit of inspiration.
Since blue-grey my color of choice right now.
While shop hopping I fell in love. With a buffet from West Elm that is.