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The following is a meme going viral on Facebook:
"Unpopular Opinion: Weed isn't a gateway drug. Alcohol isn't a gateway drug. Nicotine isn't a gateway drug. Caffeine isn't a gateway drug.
Trauma is the gateway. Childhood abuse is the gateway. Molestation is the gateway. Neglect is the gateway. Rape is the gateway.
Drug abuse, violent behavior, hyper sexuality, self-harm (etc) are often the symptoms (not the cause) of bigger issues. And it almost always stems from a childhood filled with trauma, absent parents, and abusive family.
But ya'll too busy laughing at the homeless, the crackheads, and meth addicts to realize that your own kids could be in their shoes in 15 years.
Communicate, Empathize, Rehabilitate
– Enlightened Consciousness"
If we overlook the angry edge and implication that families cause addiction, this meme has a kernel of truth. Addiction is not caused by the first use of a substance. It's much more complicated than that. People who become addicted to a substance often have underlying issues such as poor emotion regulation, insecure attachment, and may have a history of trauma. They may have repeated failures, helplessness, hopelessness and feel demoralized. These issues are not going to be addressed in a 10-week class.
And prevention is not as simple as we'd like to think. Drug prevention education is insufficient to stop addiction. You can't teach a course to young people and expect good results. Prevention has to be experienced throughout one's lifetime in the form of protective factors.
So, what can you do? Do your part to create a healthy environment for families from birth through adulthood. If you can't stop trauma, at least be a protective factor in their lives. Communicate, Empathize, Rehabilitate. In short, surround them with love.


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RARE Scottish Pottery Jug by M.L. Fairgrieve - Glasgow Girls Artist
- Antique item
- Free USA Shipping
This large, stunning Arts and Crafts era pitcher is a rarely found item, hand painted circa 1910 by Mary L. Fairgrieve (1875-1967*) of Glasgow, Scotland. Mary was enrolled at the Glasgow School of Art as a day student from 1908 to 1911 and from 1911 to 1912 as an evening student. She became skilled in ceramic painting there and was influenced by eminent artist and designer Charles Rennie Mackintosh, who attended the same school. Mary Fairgrieve was a member of a group of young women who were given the name "Glasgow Girls;" in 1990, the exhibition "Glasgow Girls: Women in Art and Design 1880-1920" and the book by the same title showcased their contributions to what became known worldwide as "The Glasgow Style." There are some examples of Mary Fairgrieve's ceramics in the McLean Museum, Greenock, Scotland and they were also featured in the Kirkcudbright, Scotland "Glasgow Girls Exhibition" in 2010.
This bulbous pitcher was painted with fruit and flowers in red, green, blue, purple and yellow, forming a band around the center that is bordered top and bottom in cobalt blue checkered with cream colored vertical lines. The C-shaped handle and pulled spout are cobalt blue, also. The dramatic line of words, hand painted in cobalt letters strongly influenced by a Celtic font, reads:
Our understanding from our research is that in Scottish "LEVE" (the usual spelling is "leeve") is "live" and " LANG" is "long", so this is probably a wish for a long and happy life.
This pitcher is 6 inches tall to the top of the spout, with an approximately 21 inch circumference around the belly. From spout to handle is about 8 inches and the base measures 4 5/8 inches in diameter. The bottom is signed in cobalt "MLF" with Mary's cipher of a sitting cat alongside. It is in excellent condition---no cracks or chips or repairs---with the exception of the interior bottom. In photograph # 7, you see spots of brown on the sides--those were applied intentionally. At the very bottom, however, is a web of crazing that has picked up embedded dirt over the last 100+ years. Although we have thoroughly soaked and washed this jug, we were reluctant to use stronger cleaning methods. Fortunately, one does not usually stare into the bottom and the rest of the piece displays beautifully.
>>>White spots are, of course, only the reflections of our lighting.
*Mary Fairgrieve's year of death was originally and erroneously published as 1969. That date has been cited on various sites, but we have verified it was 1967.
© PrimpingYourHome.com

subset: commoncrawl


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1½ oz Vermont White Vodka
½ oz Grand Marnier
¼ oz Agave Nectar
½ oz Fresh Lemon Juice
1 Whole Apricot, Pitted and Sliced
In the bottom of a mixing glass, muddle the apricot in the agave nectar and lemon juice. Add the remaining ingredients then ice and shake very well. Strain into a chilled wine glass. Garnish with an apricot slice.


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Leading Clothing Brand Utilizes Social & Feed-Based Marketing to Grow Product & Event Sales
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Since 2002, we have helped elevate digital marketing efforts for a wide array of different brands. The following case studies highlight scenarios in which our teams were able to effectively identify areas for account improvement and growth. Browse though this library to find case studies highlighting the kinds of clients we've partnered with, their challenges, our solutions, and the measurable results we have helped them achieve.


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With close to twenty years of experience and excellence in providing landscaping and snow management services, LandSharx is an industry leader in their field. Excellent customer service and going the extra mile to make you feel heard and appreciated is our mantra.
We treat each of our clients with respect and take importance to ensure every job is done right and to our client satisfaction. We take no priority of big jobs at the expense of small clients' as we clearly remember that it was the small clients and the small jobs that got us started and we are proud of our roots.
LandSharx is Going Green!
LandSharx Lawn Maintenance & Snow Management is committed to protecting and caring for our environment. That is why we have pledged to do our part in going green and reducing the carbon footprint we create while conducting our business. You may have noticed that our crews have started using electric mowers and trimmers in place of gas powered equipment.
Electricity is an abundant source of power and creates no emissions so we have pledged to replace majority of our gas powered equipment (mowers, trimmers, etc.) with battery powered electric equipment when and where available. By taking this symbolic step we would like to acknowledge our commitment to green environment and renewable energy and we encourage everyone to do the same. There is no such thing as small impact, if we all contribute just by a small act or token of care the cumulative effect on our environment would be great.
Get a Free Estimate
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Pest Control Services in Temecula
Experienced staff
Here at Agriserve Pest Control, we provide quality pest control services for both residential and commercial properties in Temecula since 1993, with 22 plus years of experience.
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Preventing Pests in Temecula During Warmer WeatherAs soon as the weather finally warms up, there's nothing better than opening up your windows and doors to let in certain fresh air. Unfortunately, it's not always just sunshine coming through our windows, many unwanted visitors as well. Pests like ants, roaches, mosquitos, fleas, and spiders thrive during warmer weather and will often try to look for their way into your house. An insect infestation may be both aggravating and, in many cases, detrimental to your health. The good news is there are several things you could do to safeguard your house. Below are a few things you can do to help keep your house pest free this summer:
Inspect Your PropertyStep one toward protecting your house from pests would be to shut down any places where they could be in a position to sneak in. Take the time to inspect window screens for tears, they are common entry points for flies and mosquitos. You wish to make sure all weather-stripping around doors and windows is within good shape, pests could possibly get make their way in through the littlest of cracks. Insects often make their way to your house via vents and utility pipes, so make sure around washers, dryers and plumbing are sealed properly. There is many different sealants at the local hardware store which can help you create a fruitful barrier during these areas which can be impenetrable to insects.
Do Some Spring CleaningClutter provides pests with a great location to hide and reproduce. In your garden, remove any piles of leaves or any other debris which will have collected on a lawn. Sweep the awnings around your property periodically, these are popular areas for spider webs and hornets nests. It's essential that you stay aware of any areas in your yard where water has a tendency to collect, especially during the rainy season. Standing water often becomes home to mosquito larva. Mosquitos are not only aggravating, they could carry harmful diseases as well. Ensure you scan your yard frequently for any areas where water may have collected, such as in pots, bird baths, and pet dishes. In your garage, things like cardboard boxes are popular breeding grounds for roaches, silverfish, and other pests. If possible, avoid having any cardboard in your garage or garden storage sheds altogether. Plastic containers are a good alternative and can protect your items from both pests and water damage and mold.
Get Specialized Help In TemeculaProfessional pest control companies like Agriserve, can help you deal with an infestation of any sort in your house or yard. If you're seeing an uncommon number of insects, especially if they are in your home, be sure to call an exterminator right away. It can also be very beneficial to get on a regular fumigation schedule to help you avoid infestations before they happen. A reputable pest control specialist will help you protect your family from harmful insects all year long. They will also ensure that any chemicals being used around your yard and in your home do not cause any harm to non-invasive animals, pets, and children. Contact Us today at 1-800-249-0548 to set up an appointment.
Weed Control
Weed control is the application of EPA-approved chemicals to kill existing weeds and to prevent new weed growth.
Gopher & Rodent
Control Services
At Agriserve, we provide gopher control services that will exterminate these unwanted "residents" and leave your property rodent-free.
Arborist & Horticultural
We have an ISA Certified Arborist on staff and provide Arborist Reports, Tree Assessments & Inventories, and lawn care programs tailored to your needs.
In addition to bugging you, pests pose serious risks to your wellbeing and property – all through the year. Cockroaches, mosquitos and rodents carry various diseases, therefore it's important to keep them in their destination. No matter what period it really is, they are going to sneak into your home trying to find food, water and a habitat that is comfortable. Keeping them at home is not a one-time event – it is a year-round procedure. Our pest control professionals work to deliver solutions – rooted in science ‐ that protect every house. Fortunate we know Our Pests for you. With award-winning training and advanced technology, your professional will search for conditions that invite pests, tackle current infestations, preventing the life cycle to prevent future invaders. With more than 160 hours of training just in the first 12 months, your technician will know the classification and behavior of all of the home pests so he is able to target his solution contrary to the many typical pests such as for instance termites, sleep bugs, cockroaches, mosquitos, rodents, and more. Whenever you have got a pest issue or wish to protect your home or company from future invaders, we use our science-based approach to help recognize the root of your problem and implement a solution made expressly for the home. During each visit, you can count on a technician that is highly-trained investigate, protect, fortify, keep view, report, and follow up to maintain our points of solution standard. Our service uses a combination of the most advanced technology and methods today that is available. This means your personalized plan will help get bugs out of your home and help keep them out year 'round. We Investigate We'll inspect your home from top to bottom, inside and out, for present or possible pest problems We Protect We'll treat the perimeter of the appropriate materials to your structure, eliminate all available spiderwebs and wasp nests, and make use of the safest practices available We Fortify We'll do everything we could to help keep insects out –seal, caulk, plug, and secure gaps and cracks We Keep Watch We'll treat the interior of your install and home pest monitors in critical areas such as kitchens, baths, energy spaces, and garages We Report We'll always offer a report that is detailed of rendered and recommendations to help to keep your home free of insects We Follow Up We'll stay in touch between our regularly planned visits and respond to virtually any immediate needs Pests are active year-around. That means you need protection year-around. Our custom remedies adjust aided by the season to address seasonal activity that is pest your area, giving you security all year long. We'll return to re-treat outside your home every season for a total of four treatments, like the initial service. It is all a part of our service. Spring is breeding season for many pest kinds. We are going to be sure you don't possess an infestation in development. Summer heat means activity that is pest high. We'll get home's perimeter secure. As conditions drop, insects seek someplace warm. We are going to make yes your house's barrier is prepared. Pests will likely be looking for many of the warmth and dampness they can find. We are going to make sure your property is protected. Our residential control that is pest is simple. Friendly, trained and licensed service professionals perform a comprehensive inspection of your home and yard to unearth potential issues. We know where termites, bed bugs, spiders, rodents and other insects like to live and lurk - so we'll pinpoint these places. Then we'll provide you with a program that is fully customized treat and eliminate entry points and nests. Pests are persistent. So we are, too. Agriserve Pest Control works around the calendar to keep up a environment that is pest-free. Including a inspection that is thorough of home and yard to make sure that any newly emerging bugs do not re-infest the region. Then we are going to administer an treatment that is exterior other month to protect your property. Additionally, our solution technicians will remove accessible spider webs if they visit your house. Did you know that we additionally offer top-notch turf and ornamental services? Our residential lawn care program will give you the healthy, happy yard you have yearned for, every year, via custom-blended fertilizers, smart weed control, specialist tree and shrub care, and dedicated maintenance. Some of these services that are residential easily be coupled with our pest control programs for added savings. Organizations aren't resistant to a lot of for the presssing issues that bug homeowners. Your home is house to your company, so never let uninvited bugs make it their property, too. Your center's uniqueness demands a custom-designed management that is pest grounds worry system. So we understand the nuanced needs that various industries and spaces represent. We will work hard to implement the best pest control or grounds care approaches for your particular property. Whether you'll need to oust birds, bed bugs, rodents, termites or other insects – or to create a welcoming yard that makes the feeling on customers and employees alike – we're your team. We're licensed and certified, employ sustainable practices, use cutting - edge technology and rely on a humane approach.


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Monthly Archives: July 2013
Transcript of Jennifer Beals twitter chat during Senate's hearing on toxic chemicals
This morning Jennifer Beals joined a twitter chat during the live streaming of the US Senate's "Strengthening Public Health Protections by Addressing Toxic Chemical Threats" full committee hearing. A bi-partisan bill, called The Chemical Safety Improvement Act (S.1009) sponsored by Sen. David Vitter and the late Sen. Frank Lautenberg, was introduced in May 2013. Joined by 22 of their colleagues as co-sponsors, this marks the first bipartisan effort to reform and update the outdated and broken Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA).
A Fuller Life documentary to screen at the 2013 Venice film festival
A Fuller Life is a tribute documentary from Samantha Fuller to her late father the independent film director Samuel Fuller and narrates his life experiences taken from selected 12 passages from his autobiography, highlighting historical events in his life.
Jennifer Beals reads a chapter called Crime Reporter from his memoirs in this unconventional documentary directed by Samantha. Other actors and filmmakers reading chapters are James Franco, Tim Roth, Wim Wenders, Bill Duke, James Toback, Kelly Ward, Perry Lang, Robert Carradine, Mark Hamill, Joe Dante, Monte Hellman, Buck Henry, Constance Towers and William Friedkin.


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I dont really do product photography, but i wanted to get a decent shot of this so i set up the wifes 16" lightbox and attempted to imitate a typical watch shot.
my wife is a seamstress and collects vintage sewing machines. shes a big fan of Viking machines, so when I saw this on ebay i had to put an offer on it. which was accepted.
from a photographic standpoint I find this shot to be reasonably acceptable. its a little brighter up top due to where the lights are positioned, but I dont personally find it too terribly off putting.
i probably spent a mere 10 minutes in LR cleaning it up and cropping, but im not sure that more editing time would have yielded significantly better results.
seiko watch for husqvarna viking by pixmedic, on Flickr


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5. Shading
Darken the eyebrows, irises, mouth, belly button, and bowling ball holes. Make the stem on the apple thicker. Use short lines to shade the soles of the shoes.
Your cartoon juggler is very entertaining. Bravo! Let's continue moving forward to a drawing that's sure to leave you winded.
In the next section learn how to draw a cartoon roller-skater.


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Pittsville Ford
Welcome to the Pittsville Ford website, a fast and convenient way to research and find a vehicle that is right for you. Whether you are looking for a new or used Ford car, truck, or SUV you will find it here. We have helped many customers in or near Pittsville, Salisbury, Pocomoke, Ocean City, Snow Hill and Delmar find the Ford of their dreams!
We know that prospective customers are extremely well educated when researching their next vehicle. Pittsville Ford has made it easy to get all the available vehicle information so you can spend less time researching and more time enjoying your purchase. Check out our new specials and used specials for additional savings on your next vehicle.
As a premier Maryland Ford dealer, we have a huge selection of new and used vehicles from which to choose. Pittsville Ford online and offline customers enjoy vehicle specials every day. We offer Ford service & parts, an online inventory, and outstanding financing options, making Pittsville Ford a preferred dealer serving Pittsville, Salisbury, Pocomoke, Ocean City, Snow Hill and Delmar area Ford buyers. Ready to set up a test drive? Visit our Salisbury area Ford dealership in Pittsville, MD today!
Testimonials Read More
Friendly staff, quick service, and cheap repairs!
" I just had a recall fixed on my car and a tire pressure sensor installed. They gave me a loaner car so I wasn't stranded and didn't have to inconvenience friends or family. I received a phone call once everything was fixed and my car was ready for pick up. Friendly staff,...View More "
Service was excellent
" Service was excellent "
Cody was absolutely amazing!
" Cody was absolutely amazing ,I just bought a 2016 f150 and it's great. I will sending lots of my friends to pittsville ford in the near future, thanks again Cody !!! "
The Service Department goes out of their way...
" The Service Department goes out of their way to assure that the customer is satisfied. Prices are fair, and diagnosis seems spot on. Several times I've received a ride home after the repairs were going to be overnight ones. Last Saturday, Rick picked me up in his personal...View More "
Nice people, great service!
" Nice people, great service! "
It is always a pleasure!
" I have both of my cars serviced at Pittsville Ford. The staff is outstanding and provide an exceptional level of service. It is always a pleasure to deal with this dealer. "
I will be back!!
" Great job and very happy with the works, I will be back !! "
100% Happy!
" We have been w/ Pittsville ford approx. 8yrs...100% happy with the all around service Pittsville has given us...Hope they are around for a long time... "
We wouldn't hesitate to buy our next car from Pittsville
" So far we are pleased with everything & we wouldn't hesitate to buy our next car from Pittsville. Tim Collins was very well informed about the Thunderbird. He went above & beyond to see that we were happy with the transaction. Tim explained each and every part of the car....View More "
I would recommend Pittsville's service department to anyone
" The service work performed on our Chevy Blazer was completed fairly extensive and completed the same day. Technician Tony Jones diagnosed, ordered the parts, and completed the work all in the same day. I would recommend Pittsville's service department to anyone and will...View More "
Very pleased!
" Very pleased with my latest service, an oil change. Price was significantly cheaper than Hyundai charges and I was taken to a local dinner as requested for breakfast and picked up when service was completed. The only thing better would have been if they paid for...View More "
I have been going there for years
" I have been going there for years. I believe their service must have improved dramatically once their ownership changed a few years ago because I have had great luck with them in the past couple years. I just bought new seat Carhart covers for my Ford and their price was...View More "
What more could you ask for!
" What more could you ask for, great prices, great work, and amazing customer service. The work I needed done was finished in no time by employees that were polite and knowledgable. It is such a rare occurrence anymore to find people willing to explain the problem in a...View More "
Excellent work!
" Excellent work, very friendly and knowledgeable staff! My truck was ready to go when expected :) (via Yelp) "
Couldn't be happier!
" I bought a truck from Preston and there was air in heater coil. Made an appointment with Pittsville, in and out in an hour. Air bled, system pressure tested, done. Couldn't be happier. Thanks. (Google) "
Went above and beyond!
" Troy Schneider at pittsville ford in pittsville Maryland absolutely went above and beyond the call of duty for me . I contacted another sales person at the Preston dealership that gave me the run around for several days . Troy kept in touch with me via emails , texts, and...View More "
Keep up the good work!
" Bought the truck for my husband and he is very satisfied. Has ordered accessories through Pittsville. Cody, our salesperson has been more than helpful, trying to schedule everything according to our needs. Keep up the good work. Jackie (Google) "
They will be my first stop!
" Just purchased a new F-150 here. The staff were super professional and made the purchase a pleasure. If I buy again they will be my first stop. "
Pittsville Motors is #1
" As always, I received great customer service. Pittsville Motors has very professional staff in the service department and also in the sales department. I have purchased 3 vehicles from this facility over the past few years and I continue to recommend Pittsville Ford to...View More "
The salesman was professional
" The salesman was professional , easy going and very helpful in all facets of the purchase ! We have one other car in the family from this dealership and have nothing but good things to say about this place of business ! "
Our Location
7155 Friendship Road
Pittsville, MD 21850
Sales: 877-760-5870
Sales Hours
|8:30 am - 8:00 pm
|8:30 am - 8:00 pm
|8:30 am - 8:00 pm
|8:30 am - 8:00 pm
|8:30 am - 8:00 pm
|8:30 am - 6:00 pm
Service Hours
|8:00 am - 5:00 pm
|8:00 am - 5:00 pm
|8:00 am - 5:00 pm
|8:00 am - 5:00 pm
|8:00 am - 5:00 pm
|8:00 am - 5:00 pm
Parts Hours
|8:00 am - 5:00 pm
|8:00 am - 5:00 pm
|8:00 am - 5:00 pm
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|8:00 am - 5:00 pm
|8:00 am - 5:00 pm
Body Shop Hours
|8:00 am - 5:00 pm
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|8:00 am - 5:00 pm
|8:00 am - 5:00 pm
|8:00 am - 5:00 pm


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Why Harry carried his son and what Meghan's 'protective' hair-touching hints about her parenting style: I can go on and on but primarily my plea is that those girls are our daughters and you don't hurt them only by showing her breasts to the followers you have. Vimbaishe Musvaburi gives her reaction. Hilarious vintage snaps reveal parents' VERY relaxed approach - including
Post Digital Network
Some woman and man or either somewhere struggled to get her through school I'm sure or rather still if she was orphaned early hama dzakaedza. Follow AllAfrica. Woman is slammed online for wearing a WHITE fish tail dress to her son's wedding - as people insist she must Heartbroken father tells how his son, six, died in agony despite desperate calls to his GP and the NHS


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Financing Your Purchase
Understanding Your Down Payment Options
You have choices when it comes to making the down payment on your home purchase. Options range from 3 to 20% down and you'll want to talk with your lender about what makes best sense for you.
Getting Pre-approved
Pre-approval is an important and exciting time when you work with your lender to determine how much home you can afford. Getting a pre-approval letter allows you to house hunt with greater confidence, knowing how much the bank is willing to lend you.
Finding the Right Loan
There are many different mortgage products available and you'll want to work closely with your lender to find the right mortgage for you. The mortgage you choose may make a big difference in your monthly payments and the overall cost of your loan.
Applying for Your Loan
Once you've found your home and submitted a purchase contract, you're ready to get the final approval from your lender. During this step, you'll work with your lender to determine the terms of your loan.
Avoiding Financial Traps
Unfortunately, there are many unscrupulous people who don't have your best financial interest in mind when you're looking to buy a home. Follow these helpful tips to protect yourself and your family from fraudulent schemes.
Understanding Down Payment Assistance Programs
If you're having trouble saving enough for your down payment, talk with your lender or housing counselor about down payment assistance programs. Many state, county and city governments provide financial assistance for people in their community that are qualified and ready for homeownership.
Buying Resources
Applying for Your LoanLearn about the loan application process, from the paperwork required to how lenders assess your eligibility.
Down Payments
Learn about the loan application process, from the paperwork required to how lenders assess your eligibility.
What Home Means to Me
Annette - Langhorne, PA


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While we were driving around today it occurred to me that there was a habit I learned in Japan that I didn't notice until now. Instead of pointing towards something with my finger I use my whole hand in a more gentle gesture. I was pointing at something out the window and gestured with my … Continue reading A Habit Learned In Japan
Category: Japanese Progress
New Blogger to Share — The Fun Boss
Aquarium EntranceIt was a rainy day today, so I took Estelle to the Birch Aquarium at the Scripps Institute of Oceanography in La Jolla. We've been meaning to go there for awhile, as I have always had a fascination with the ocean, and Estelle is too young to care. So, off we went. If you plan… … Continue reading New Blogger to Share — The Fun Boss
Frantic February
I know it's been a bit since I last posted, so much has been happening this month with preparing for our move out of Japan. Plus we have been battling a little bit with admin trying to get our flights figured out. It's so hard to push off a big trip till the last minute, … Continue reading Frantic February
Two Off The Japan Bucket List
As our time in Japan comes to a close we managed to get one last trip in that has been hanging over us for the last three years. It accomplishes ticking off more than one bucket list for us. Some will not appreciate our indulgence here but it was something we truly wanted to experience … Continue reading Two Off The Japan Bucket List
Turn Of The Year Mayhem
After returning from Hong Kong we immediately started preparing for my step-daughter to visit and join us in bringing in 2016. We headed to Tokyo on New Year's Eve day, as is our tradition while in Japan, and had a reservation at our favorite little boutique hotel (Sakura Fleur Aoyama)in Shibuya. The decor is cute, … Continue reading Turn Of The Year Mayhem
Hong Kong Holiday
Our final big, outside Japan trip for the time we have left in this beautiful country we decided on Hong Kong for Christmas week. The husband had spent a short time there while deployed many years ago and wanted to go back for a longer stay to explore more and lets be honest - he … Continue reading Hong Kong Holiday
Awesome Noise
Noise...I've experienced different kinds of noise to wrap up my 2015. From OzzFest (Head-banging, thrash metal concert festival) to Hong Kong at Christmas, and Tokyo for New Years Eve - the noise was real. One was literally a lot of sound and cranked up high and the other was more pushy salesmen and noisy touristy … Continue reading Awesome Noise


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These days we regularly hear phrases such as we will "beat this illness or must "battle" against it. On the surface this fighting talk can sound very positive and help demonstrate that we are not just going to lie down and let ourselves be walked over whatever the odds. This in itself may be no bad thing but are there other unforeseen consequences to using this sort of terminology. A recent study at the University of Lancaster found that using "war metaphors" in the "fight" against cancer may not always be as helpful as it might appear.
How often do we hear that someone has" lost their battle" against a serious illness. This type of terminology is glibly used by media, pundits and experts but does it help the person suffering and does it help people recover or prolong their lives? In fact although these battling terms may be helpful for charities to raise money interestingly Macmillan Cancer Support has consciously held back from this sort of terminology. According to researcher Elena Semino professor of linguistics and verbal art at Lancaster University it is best left to the individual to choose their own metaphors to help them with their illness. It was also found that when battle terminology is applied patients may begin to feel a sense of responsibility if their condition deteriorates.
When we are ill what are we looking for? Health.
Whether one is suffering from an emotional or physical illness are we not looking for good health? And the first four letters of health are HEAL. By healing we are truly mobilising the resources of body and mind in a way that makes so much more sense. If we are in a "struggle" to lose weight implicitly we are in a struggle with ourselves. If we are "fighting" a life threatening disease then we could find ourselves fighting our own body! Will we really be able to muster the energy to "battle" with depression when one's internal resources seem to be so low?
Anyone who has studied and qualified as a hypnotherapist, counsellor or psychotherapist will have been trained in the use of language and the importance of the words chosen and how how best to use them. Hypnosis uses it's own particular language patterns and these patterns are designed to bypass the conscious mind and communicate with the unconscious mind. Without this we would have to rely on conscious communication to make a change and as we have all experienced at some time or other the conscious mind knows what we "should" be doing but does not always have the tools to make the required changes. Smokers may know that they want to quit but telling oneself is one thing and doing it is another just as telling ourselves to eat healthy food does not always make it happen.
We are using words constantly when communicating with others and when talking internally to ourselves. But are we really aware of what the message might be that is often hidden behind our thoughts and internal conversation and the effect it is creating? I see healing as the focus to bring together the natural resources of mind and body for real and meaningful change. However using such terms as fight, beat, and struggle could just be setting up an internal conflict that will block the results we are looking for.
For more information on how Hypnotherapy, EFT and NLP could help you please call or email and I will be happy to help.
As Mark Twain said in his famous quote "I have known a great many troubles in my life but most of them have never happened"
Many of us spend a lot of our lives worrying about things that seem at the time very important. And yet however overwhelmed we feel by these worries we are "still here at the end of the day to tell the tale." This is not to say that there are not things in life that we may describe as legitimate worries. But the interesting thing is that when we really have something important to worry about we are often suddenly able to galvanise ourselves into action and deal with the situation in a way that it is hard to imagine possible with minor issues.
So what are the figures when it comes to categorising the quality of worry in our lives? It makes interesting reading.
40% Never happens
30% Has already happened
22% Needless worries
8% Actually happens
Of the last 8% –
4% We have some control over
4% Beyond our control
Putting it into perspective such as this can be a valuable way to help rationalise our responses and manage or defuse them.
However if you think you still need some tools and techniques that will really help you get on with your life there are two tools that I have found to be amongst the best to help release the demon of constant stress, worry and anxiety about things.
Hypnotherapy and EFT (Emotional Freedom Technique)
Why do I think Hypnosis and EFT are so good at helping us make change? Because they speak to the unconscious mind, the part of us that does not have the reasoning powers of the conscious mind but the part that generates change from the creative part of the mind. Most smokers would know logically they should stop like most of us know how to lose a few pounds if we want to lose weight but the conscious mind deals in logic and the bridge to logic and making a change is much harder to cross than the creative bridge from our unconscious. We may consciously know every step we should take but taking those steps is another matter. Harnessing the power of our creative unconscious can really clear the way to making amazing changes in our lives.
If you would like to know more about the techniques I use and how my experience has given me the opportunity to develop strategies that are practical yet amazingly effective to help relieve that uncomfortable "background noise" that is worry just call or email and I will be very happy to chat with you.


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Good Experience
Crown Princess Cruise Review to Coastal - West Coast
7 Night California Coastal (Los Angeles Roundtrip)
Sail date: April 18, 2015
Ship: Crown Princess
Cabin type: Balcony
Cabin number: L256
Traveled as: Couple
Reviewed: 4 years ago
Review summary
The staff and cleanliness were excellent. The food in the Lido dining room was much better than the food in the main dining-room. On 3 different days we were given bath towels with holes in them. They shrunk the state room in this ship leaving us with only one comfortable chair to sit on. This cruise was not up to Princess standards tha I experience in the past
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Murdering Justice: The Police Killing of Ginger Goodwin, Labor Organizer
The various police agencies in Canada have long histories of routinely inflicting often lethal violence on activists, community and labor organizers, protesters, and dissenters, despite popular perceptions, and state propaganda, suggesting otherwise. Police violence and the killing of activists have been particularly pronounced in the case of labor organizers and active union members.
One of the most infamous instances of lethal police force against a labor organizer is the killing of Albert "Ginger" Goodwin, a prominent union organizer and socialist, by a disgraced constable of the Military Police of the Dominion Police, Dan Campbell.
Born in Treeton, England in 1887, "Red" Goodwin was a migrant coal miner who came to settle in the area around the Cumberland mines on Vancouver Island where he arrived looking for work late in 1910. Immediately angered by working conditions, health and safety threats, and the abuse of workers by bosses in the mines Goodwin quickly set about on a number of organizing projects in the area. Goodwin was instrumental in union organizing in the industry and also played crucial parts in several militant strikes. Goodwin was also a war resister who took to the woods around Cumberland to avoid conscription in a war that he opposed as the murdering of workers on behalf of imperialism. It was in those woods that he was killed by police. On July 27, 1918 Goodwin was gunned down by Constable Campbell, executed for refusing to fight a bosses' war.
Red Goodwin: For Workers and Against War
After the Vancouver Island strike of 1912 to 1914, in which Goodwin played a key part, he was blacklisted and had to move on. Moving to Trail, BC in 1916, Goodwin worked as a smelter with the Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada Limited (CM and S). As a member of the Socialist Party of Canada, Goodwin ran in the provincial election of 1916. That same year he was elected secretary of the Trail Mine and Smelter's Union. He would later be elected vice-president of the BC Federation of Labour. In 1917 he was elected president of the Trail Trades and Labor Council and president of the local International Union of Mine, Mill, and Smelter Workers.
From the start of World War I, Goodwin, as was the case for many socialists and anarchists, openly opposed the war on pacifist grounds and because the was was understood as an imperial endeavor built on the dead bodies of the working classes who were forced to fight each other on behalf of capital and its national states. Goodwin had actually tried to assist returned soldiers, as harmed members of the working class. Goodwin initially complied with law and registered for the draft. He was rejected for conscription on the basis of a medical examination that declared him unfit for military duty on the basis of black lung, common for miners, and bad teeth, common for the poor. The medical board classified him Class D, unfit for military service. Not long after his medical exam, in 1917, Goodwin became centrally involved in a strike at the Trail smelter over nothing more radical than an eight hour day (it is too often forgotten that workers in Canada did not enjoy an eight hour day, usually working much longer, and would fight the Winnipeg General Strike in 1919 over this very issue, leading to mass arrests and the police killings of several workers). Incredibly, during the course of the strike Goodwin received notification that his conscription status had now changed and he was now declared fit for duty. Business people made up much of local draft boards across Canada. At the time of his reclassification from Class D to Class A it was almost certain that Goodwin suffered from an advanced form of tuberculosis (Steeves 1960, 38).
To avoid being forced to fight and possibly kill other workers in a bosses war, Goodwin along with several other war and conscription resisters moved to the woods around Cumberland. They were literally hunted like animals by hunting posses of various agencies of police in British Columbia, the Provincial Police of British Columbia and the Dominion Police. The police unambiguously played a strictly political role serving working people up to the military and directing specific violence against workers who had been involved in community and labor organizing and/or who had challenged business owners and processes of exploitation of labor.
Deadly Forces: The Police Agencies
Officers of the federal Dominion Police were used to track down and capture those who opposed war and conscription during the period of World War I. So too were constables of the British Columbia Provincial Police. This was part of the taken for granted role of police as agents of empire, and obedience to the state (rather than as defenders of justice, law, and order). Objectors to war and conscription were arrested under the Military Service Act.
The Dominion Police was a relatively small and federal force established in 1868 to operate as the secret service, to enforce federal statutes, and to guard government buildings. In 1920 it was merged with the North West Mounted Police (NWMP) to form the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP). The Military Police component of the Dominion Police was deployed to seek out and round up men who opposed the war and avoided the draft.
Given that many, indeed most, of those who opposed war were socialists, communists, anarchists, social reformers, critics of states or corporate interests, this policing of war resisters reinforced the police role as fundamentally political forces, defending capitalist and state authorities and priorities. It also gave ample opportunity to rid the world of various "Reds," which was precisely what capital and liberal democratic governments desired and sought.
The Military Police had been organized in British Columbia by BC conscription registrar Robert Lemmie, a lawyer in Nelson and Vancouver. In order to stir resentments and ensure vengeful prosecution of duties, Lemmie built his force mostly of handpicked returning soldiers.
The cop who killed Ginger Goodwin was a businessperson who owned and operated the Colwood Hotel near Victoria between 1906 and 1919. Special Constable Dan Campbell said two days before he killed Goodwin: "Mac, we are here to get these men, dead or alive."
The police description of Goodwin, in addition to saying he had a "furtive glance," noted that he was "socialistic" and strangely implied he might be Jewish (Stonebanks 2004).
The Hunt Posse
The Provincial Police constable based in Cumberland was Robert Rushford (30). The police posse hunting draft avoiders at Cumberland were led by William John Devitt (49) a career police officer. Devitt was the Vancouver based Inspector and second in command to the Chief Inspector of the 45 person Military Police arm of the Dominion Police in British Columbia, one Captain Frederick R. Glover (Stonebanks 2004, 90). At the time of the Goodwin killing Devitt had had a 31 year police career. He joined the NWMP in 1887 serving a five year term which saw him involved in several breaches of discipline. Despite conduct that was officially recorded as "indifferent" Devitt was brought back for a second, three year term. Between 1896 and 1910, Devitt operated with the BC Provincial Police, serving in Nakusp, Nelson, Rossland, and Trail. Devitt became the first police chief of Trail, British Columbia.
Devitt had been in charge of a hunting party searching for resisters at least as early as, ironically, May Day, the historic holiday of the workers of all lands. That party included Constable Alfred Stafford of the Military Police.
The cop who killed Ginger Goodwin, Dan Campbell, joined the hunt for resisters in July 1918. Prior to killing Goodwin, Dan Campbell had met disgrace as a constable in the British Columbia Provincial Police. At the time of the hunt for Goodwin, Campbell was a special constable.
The hunting party also included a third police officer, Lance Corporal George Henry Roe (48), a former customs officer overseeing coal loaded for export, and two trappers, Thomas Downie Anderson (58) and George Alfred Janes (44). As if the hunting symbolism was not direct enough.
Police hunted the resisters day and night. Reports of the time suggest the resisters led a very precarious existence suffering from bites from mosquitoes and poisonous deer flies and from exposure (Stonebanks 2004, 97). One resister, identified as Andrew Aitken, returned to Cumberland suffering what was called a form of dementia. Goodwin himself suffered pneumonia but received medicine from supporters and recovered (Stonebanks 2004, 97). Many locals supported the resisters and there were networks of sympathetic workers and townspeople who brought supplies, especially foodstuffs, to hiding resisters. While friends and supporters did help out food was on the whole quite limited. Resisters had to forage and hunt for themselves.
Over May 14 and 15, Rushford and Constable Alfred Stafford of the Dominion Police conducted all night searches for resisters. On April 27 the pair had arrested Earon Jones for failing to register for the draft.
The posse set out from Comox Lake on its human hunting trip on Saturday, July 27, 1918. Goodwin was hiding with other resisters and mine workers Frederick Taylor, Arthur Boothman, and James Randall.
The Killing
On July 27, 1918, the Dominion Police set out for the fateful hunting expedition that would claim Ginger Goodwin. Sometime around 4:30 PM Devitt and Roe heard a shot ring out and working their way through dense bush came to the spot where Goodwin lay dead. He had been shot by Dan Campbell who used his own .30-.30 caliber 1893 Marlin lever action rifle. A bullet pierced Goodwin's neck severing his spinal cord. Death was instant (Stonebanks 2004, 102).
Goodwin was found by Devitt and Roe thirteen feet away from Campbell. Goodwin was holding a .22 caliber rifle. Bloodstains were found on the trail six feet, three inches away from Goodwin's body.
Initially the police planned to bury Goodwin's body on the spot where it lay without any autopsy or coroner's report. Two undertakers, Thomas Banks of Cumberland and John Sutton of Courtnay, were asked to bury Goodwin in the woods but refused. Unions intervened and declared their intention to get the body out. Undertaker Thomas Banks and a rescue team of miners brought Goodwin's body out of the woods.
In a curious decision neither of Cumberland's two doctors, who may have been sympathetic to the local miners, George McNaughton and E.R. Hicks, was asked to perform the postmortem. Instead authorities turned to Dr. Harrison Mullard from Courtnay, several miles away.
The Inquest
An Inquest was held in Cumberland on the morning of July 31. Constable Dan Campbell maintained that he had killed Goodwin in self defense but seems not to have been asked to provide specific details of the interaction.
Dr. Millard suggested based on the condition of the wound that the gun had been fired from not farther than ten feet and not closer than two feet. Goodwin has a "large gaping wound" on the left side of his neck and a "nasty" wound on his left wrist (Stonebanks 2004, 105).
Devitt replied that based on the wrists and neck wounds he believed Goodwin was shot from the side and had been standing with his left side facing the shooter. This would suggest that he was not pointing a gun at Campbell and should have raised questions about Campbell's claim of self defense. While Devitt had initially referred to Goodwin's gun as a high powered automatic it was actually a small .22 used by farmers for dealing with pests or hunting small game.
Roe testified that in finding Goodwin he held the gun tightly in his right hand but not his left. A firing position would have had the gun gripped in both hands. Roe reported that the .22 had ten bullets but only two were recovered. For some reason, despite being told by Devitt to make the gun safe, the two billets were put back in the gun by Roe.
There were real discrepancies between in the self defense claim and the forensic evidence which did not fully support it. The fact that Goodwin had two separate and distinct puncture wounds in his neck was not fully explained. Was he shot only once? As well there were discrepancies in explanations for the wound in Goodwin's wrist. There was no gunpowder found on the wound and it was suggested that the wound was not caused by a bullet. Later it was suggested that a bullet had first hit Goodwin's wrist before entering his neck. There was also an unexplained puncture on Goodwin's lip.
Many believed (many reviewing the case still do) that Goodwin was shot in the back from someone crouching in bushes below him (Steeves 1960, 39). This would, in fact, correspond with the angle of the bullet path from back to neck (an exit rather than an entry wound). It would also explain the wrist wound as the upward rising bullet would have met the upraised hands held out front (in a gesture of surrender and compliance).
The inquest returned a neutral verdict. Campbell was arrested by the Provincial Police and charged with manslaughter. He was released on $10,000 bail.
Incredibly the jurors were all local business people or local government representatives. They were: Frank Dalby, jury foreman, a storekeeper at Canadian Collieries (Dunsmuir) Ltd.; Charles Parnham, underground supervisor at Number Four mine and city alderman; R,R, Ridout, payroll clerk at Canadian Collieries; Neil McFadyen, stable boss at Canadian Collieries and school trustee; John Fraser, proprietor of a cigar store and barber shop; and J.W, Cooke, postmaster. In a mining town, not a single juror was a working miner (Stonebanks 2004, 107).
Aftermath of the Inquest
Many considered the killing of Goodwin to be murder based on the path of the bullet. As numerous miners at the time noted the path of the bullet through the left side of Goodwin's neck and into his right shoulder showed that he could not have been sighting his rifle at Campbell, who would have been at his side and perhaps even out of sight, but would have been turned away from him. This glaring discrepancy in Campbell's defense claim caused rising anger among miners and others who challenged the Campbell version of the killing.
The Metal Trades Council and the Vancouver Trades and Labour Council called a 24 hour general strike for August 2 in Vancouver, the first general strike in Canada, a year before the Winnipeg General Strike. The 24 hour strike was long known as the Ginger Goodwin General Strike.
Work stopped in Cumberland for the funeral, a testament to the high regard in which Goodwin was held but also an expression of outrage over what was considered a murder plain and simple (Stonebanks 2004, 109). The funeral procession measured over one kilometer in length. The Cumberland chief of police requested that the federal police be removed from town for the funeral saying that he could not be responsible for the consequences if they stayed given the seething anger of the miners (Steeves 1960, 39).
Police and the Political Climate
The social climate that the police played into says much about their social role. This was a context in which violence against union members was openly advocated and pursued. With no police intervention against those, particularly in business associations and veteran's groups who called for or carried out anti-union violence.
In 1918 the Canadian government passed legislation making it illegal to publicly express or publish statements unfavorable to the motives or purposes of the war (Stonebanks 2004, 122). Anything that might "unsettle or inflame public opinion" was prohibited by law (Stonebanks 2004, 122). This did not prohibit actions that inflamed public opinion against war resisters, even where violence against resisters was involved.
Thirteen organizations, including the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) and various socialist parties were declared illegal on the basis of revolutionary literature (Stonebanks 2004, 123). These were groups that were most active in their opposition to the state and to capitalism as well as opposing imperialism, militarism, and war. No illegalization was leveled at the many conservative groups that actually inflicted violence on poor and working class people and organizations in what were essentially terroristic acts.
The Great War Veterans Association (GWVA) threatened violence against striking workers. Sergeant A.E. Lees, secretary of the GWVA in British Columbia said: "Whether he was shot in the front or the back, he got his just and due deserts" (quoted in Stonebanks 2004, 111). The BC Veteran's Weekly called the general strike "murderous disloyalty." The Vancouver Sun called the strike "deliberate treason."
On August 2, three hundred veterans stormed the Vancouver Labour Temple, broke down the door, shattered windows, and trashed the office scattering papers and records around the room. Labour Council secretary Victor Midgely was assaulted. The following day veteran's attended the Longshoreman's Hall and demanded that several union leaders leave the province.
This sentiment was advanced in various establishment outlets including the mainstream newspapers. The Trail newspaper the News called Goodwin's killing a "natural consequence" and suggested he should have paid the price in the war anyway, oddly suggesting that he "could have made a name for himself" (quoted in Stonebanks 2004, 112).
All in all the establishment papers found Goodwin to be an offense to patriotism who deserved to be executed without trial apparently. And Dan Campbell made this sentiment a reality.
In that sense the police did the bidding of the ruling class. They served the function of recruiters for war and also provided an ideological function that condemned and morally regulated resisters posing war resistance as criminal enterprise. In this we see the longstanding role of police and legislation in constructing various forms of opposition to capitalist barbarism (war, exploitation, dispossession, etc.) as crime (as in laws around vagrancy, theft, strikes, squatting, war resistance, etc.).
The hunts for resisters continued on Vancouver Island after Goodwin's killing. Several unionists were arrested for aiding and abetting resisters, particularly for taking them food. The officers involved in the Goodwin killing took part in later hunts for resisters.
The Preliminary Investigation
On August 7, the Preliminary Investigation into charges against Constable Campbell convened at the Victoria Courthouse. Notably several witnesses for the defense would enhance their testimony to support a self defense argument (despite there being no witnesses to the killing itself, or perhaps because of it).
The Crown, prosecuting the case, held that Campbell was operating on a "dead or alive" basis. Six new witnesses testified to hearing Campbell say, on three distinct occasions overall, that he would "get" the resisters "dead or alive." One testified that Campbell used the word "shot" in his discussion of getting the resisters (quoted in Stonebanks 2004, 113). Further, there was no evidence that Campbell spoke to Goodwin before shooting him. This suggested that Goodwin may not have known Campbell was even present and/or was not given any opportunity to surrender. No one heard any warning given. Indeed, no one heard Campbell say anything before the shot was fired. Was Goodwin simply executed on the spot as Campbell had suggested he would do to six witnesses? This question lingers to the present day.
The existence of two wounds on the left of Goodwin's neck was never pursued in questioning. There were also issues about the wrist wound. There was no gunpowder on the wrist and Dr. Millard changed his view about the source of the wrist wounds.
The Court relied on Devitt's opinion about the place of Goodwin's hands and the state of his fingers to determine whether he could have been able to fire his gun. They also relied simply on his opinion about the possibility of a bullet ricocheting from Goodwin's wrist to his neck. Roe, who supposedly took the rifle from the dead Goodwin's hand could not say what position his index, trigger, finger was in.
Campbell even later suggested that Goodwin had only covered him with his rifle and that Campbell had been able to raise his after Goodwin saw him and had him covered. Suggesting no intention of shooting by Goodwin (Stonebanks 2004, 115). Reports of the interaction between Campbell and Goodwin changed further. From Goodwin first having Campbell covered, Campbell later suggested that he had Goodwin put his arms up, which he then did, complying with the order. Campbell then suggests Goodwin suddenly clutched the rifle as if to shoot before Campbell shot him. But both scenarios cannot be true at the same time. Either Goodwin had Campbell covered and Campbell quickly raised his weapon afterward and got a shot off or Campbell had Goodwin covered with his arms in the air and fired later when Goodwin brought his arms down. It cannot be both. Yet Campbell was never interrogated on this, indeed he never took the stand for cross examination as far as is known, and the incompatible discrepancies were never pursued.
Campbell's weapon might also have been questioned. he killed Goodwin with a .30-.30 rifle but, as Devitt testified, the regulation arm for Dominion Police was a .45 or .55 caliber pistol. Where was Campbell's pistol and why was he permitted to carry a non-regulation weapon into the field?
Devitt testified that he did not know Goodwin beforehand but he surely must have known of him while serving as police chief in Rossland. Incredibly, despite this, Devitt added to his testimony, with no actual evidence ever provided, that he had "certain telegrams" suggesting Goodwin would shoot anyone who tried to draft him (Stonebanks 2004, 117). Yet Ben Horbury, a Cumberland miner, said he was actually present when Goodwin told his father that if ever cornered by police he would not shoot (Stonebanks 2004, 117). Albert Stephenson, Chief of the Provincial Police, who knew Goodwin while a constable at Cumberland during the Big Strike that Goodwin was involved in, testified that Goodwin was in no way offensive or aggressive.
There were numerous inconsistencies and improprieties in the hearing. Witnesses Devitt and Roe were able to listen to each other's testimony, for example.
Incredibly, the hearing concluded that Goodwin had assaulted Campbell and thus Campbell was justified in killing Goodwin in self defense. Yet there was, and is, certainly no evidence ever produced of any such assault.
Still, the hearing court actually returned a decision to commit Campbell to trial for manslaughter. The evidence could not be disregarded.
The Grand Jury
At the time of this case the trial would occur only after the case had been presented to a Grand Jury and only if the Grand Jury decided it should proceed. Before Campbell would stand trial a Grand Jury was formed to determine whether there was sufficient prima facie evidence to warrant a trial.
Before the trial began the venue was moved from Nanaimo, a coal miner town to Victoria, the provincial capital and an imperial center, on the basis of affidavits from several prominent business people and government officials. They were: John S. Bannerman, customs collector in Cumberland; Thomas Graham, general superintendant at Canadian Collieries (Dunsmuir) Ltd. in Cumberland; Charles Graham, district superintendant of Canadian Collieries in Cumberland; Donald Robert MacDonald, traffic manager for Canadian Collieries in Cumberland; Frank J. Dalby, storekeeper for Canadian Collieries in Cumberland and foreman of the Goodwin Inquest jury; Thomas Duer McLean, a jeweler in Cumberland; Neil McFayden, stable foreman for Canadian Collieries in Cumberland, school trustee, and juror in the Goodwin Inquest; Charles Edward Hildreth, manager of the BC Veterans Weekly, the official paper of the GWVA of BC, which was on record as saying resisters were traitors who deserved to die; and Anson Jones Burnside, now unknown. The Deputy Attorney-General of BC, A.M. Johnson, did not oppose the relocation of the hearing.
Had the Grand Jury stayed in Nanaimo, the scheduled jurors would have included four mine workers—there ended up being none on the Victoria jury. In this case the Grand Jury again consisted overwhelmingly of business people, local elites. The Grand Jury in Victoria consisted of six merchants, three accountants, a shipping agent, a real estate agent, a financial agent, and a retired man. There were no blue collar workers and no union members. And the political context in Victoria was more conservative than in working class Nanaimo.
On September 25, as the Grand Jury was being prepared, the Victoria League of Patriots called for "forceful methods" against those "who can endanger the winter coal supply of Canada by striking at the beginning of winter" (Stonebanks 2004, 122). This was in keeping with other such public calls for violence from conservative war mongering groups.
A Victoria Reverand suggested that "enemy aliens" in the coal mines should be forced to work for twenty-five cents a day at the point of a bayonet under guard of returned soldiers (Stonebanks 2004, 123). The Victoria Daily Colonist ran a letter from a soldier killed in action that read: "These non-soldiers are not only slackers but are keeping some returned soldiers out of a job who have certainly earned it over here. But don't worry. God help them when the boys get back. They will wish they instead of their former comrades faced the Hun" (quoted in Stonebanks 2004, 123). Such was the sentiment promoted by local elites and conservative and establishment organizations in Victoria.
Decision to proceed to trial or not was based in a simple majority, rather than consensus as in a criminal trial jury. Thus, as few as seven people could decide the fate of the case.
With no explanation given the Grand Jury returned a verdict of "No Bill" and Campbell was free.
Men of Honor and Standing
The men of the police who formed the posse all had questionable backgrounds in service. What were not in question were their direct connections with, and as members of, local elites.
Campbell was a former Provincial Police constable with a past best described as checkered. As a less than proficient businessman he was also desperate for money. His stepfather John Donald Campbell had been Provincial Police Constable in Esquimalt, BC from 1877 to 1897 and as such was responsible for an area from Victoria to Port Renfrew. When he retired Dan succeeded him as constable, a family affair in policing (one might ask about patronage and vetting perhaps).
As police officer he attempted to claim a company reward for the BC Electric Railway Company for apprehending the person supposedly responsible for putting a piece of iron across transmission lines. But the award was never intended for police in the conduct of their business, for obvious reasons (of avoiding the appearance of police as mercenaries or bounty hunters).
On August 29, 1905 Officer Campbell shook down two women who lived in the red light district for $30 after stopping them in their horse and buggy. According to a complaint filed by the women with the Provincial Police, Campbell took them to a hotel and held them hostage demanding $30 for their release. This amount was equal to half of his monthly salary (Stonebanks 2004, 98–99). Following an inquiry which was referred to provincial Premier Richard McBride, Campbell was dismissed on September 28, 1905, for "conduct unbecoming a policeman, conduct injurious to the public service or public welfare, and accepting money without approval" (Stonebanks 2004, 99). Notably, Campbell had lied about the event saying the money was "a gift" (in a familiar police ploy).
Campbell had further trouble with the law while running the Colwood Hotel. In 1912 he was convicted in magistrate's court for selling liquor in quantities above Liquor Act requirements. He appealed the case twice, to the BC Supreme Court and BC Court of Appeal, losing both times. His appeals were called "a clumsy and unsuccessful attempt to evade the statute" by Justice Archer Martin (Stonebanks 2004, 99).
Devitt's history is an interesting one and shows the close links between the police and business interests which have always been close and which are present in the form of the other hunting party officers. In Trail, Devitt was not only police chief but also city clerk, assessor, and collector. He was one of four businesspeople who dominated the community. Known as the "Big Four" of Trail, they included other businessmen James Byers, MLA James Schofield, and, interestingly, Noble Binns (who was on the Local Tribunal that declined Ginger Goodwin's application for conscription exemption in 1917) (Stonebanks 2004, 93). Binns and Schofield served as mayor and Schofield went on to serve as MLA for twenty-five years.
Moving to Nelson, Devitt became the Chief Constable for Kootenay Police District of the BC Provincial Police in charge of 23 officers between July 1907 and May 1909 when he was appointed village constable in Nakusp. There he also served as mining recorder.
Devitt resigned from the Provincial Police in Nakusp in 1910 and there was a dispute over his expenses which the Superintendant in Victoria described as "ridiculous claims." Such was the integrity of the police given the role of hunting down "undesirables" like war resisters.
Returning to real estate and land development in Nelson, Devitt joined the municipal police force becoming chief in 1914, the year he was hired to be chief of the municipal forces in Rossland. Devitt was unceremoniously fired from the Rossland chief's position in 1917 over some ongoing disputes with the police commission. There seems to have been some concern that Devitt was soft on gambling and pimps and his replacement was charged with addressing that situation. It remains to history to speculate whether Devitt was receiving kickbacks from either or both endeavors. Devitt then moved to the coast where he did detective work before joining the Military Police of the Dominion Police in March 1918.
The rest of his story is perhaps even more telling. After the war Devitt went to work as a police spy surveilling unions and union members. He became a constable of the Royal North West Mounted Police (later the RCMP).
Notably, trapper Anderson had crossed picket lines to work during the Big Strike of 1912 to 1914 and as a result bore the nickname "Scabby." An upstanding character of great integrity and committed to the betterment of the working class. It was scab Anderson who tipped off the Military Police about locations of possible deserters hiding in the backcountry outside Cumberland. Anderson regularly worked, and we can assume profited nicely, assisting the Dominion Police in their hunts for resisters.
Intent to Kill?
At least six people reported conversations with Campbell while he was a constable hunting resisters and prior to his killing of Goodwin in which he said clearly that he would get resisters "dead or alive." Campbell seemed to interlocutors visibly upset that other constables had not shot resisters when they had the chance and that this hesitance allowed the men to get away. An outcome that Campbell seemed to find abhorrent.
In a chance meeting in July 1918 on the shore of Comox Lake near Cumberland with family man Camille Decoeur, Campbell reportedly told Decoeur, "If I ever get that close they will never get away" and continued, "They will never get away, I will get them" (quoted in Stonebanks 2004, 100). Campbell seemed upset that "the first bunch of policemen" got within 30 feet of one resister before he eventually got away.
Several miners reported similar chilling conversations with Campbell on July 7 of 1918 also near Comox Lake. Raisi Giovanni recalled Campbell saying: "And he talk of something else, and after he tell me that Bob Rushford see one of the boys up the lake on one of the boats, and he did not want to shoot him, but if he [Campbell] had been in his place he would have shot" (quoted in Stonebanks 2004, 100). Giovanni continued: "We stayed there for eight or 10 minutes and he said, 'This time we are going to get them, dead or alive'" (quoted in Stonebanks 2004, 100).
Alexandros Merillo recalled an earlier encounter with Campbell: "He say there was one boat across the lake and John [sic Robert] Rushford would not shoot because he was one of his friends. Campbell said if he was in his place he would get him" (quoted in Stonebanks 2004, 100). And Merillo reported that Campbell continued, "dead or alive" (quoted in Stonebanks 2004, 100). Another man, Carlos Cavallero heard Campbell say as well: "That Rushford saw one of these boys in a boat on the lake and he would not shoot him because he was his friend, and he (Campbell) said, 'If it was me I would get him'" (quoted in Stonebanks 2004, 100). Cavallero also added hearing: "We are going to get him, dead or alive" (quoted in Stonebanks 2004, 100). Similarly Peter Ioris repeated: "He said that Rushford saw a man there at the top of the lake and he did not want to shoot him on account of his family and if he [Campbell] had been in his place he would have got him for sure" (quoted in Stonebanks 2004, 100). And again, as Ioris reported: "Yes, he (Campbell) said that he would get him dead or alive" (quoted in Stonebanks 2004, 100).
Peter McNiven, a miner and secretary in the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) and member of the Socialist Party of Canada had a conversation with Campbell on July 25, 1918. He reported what Campbell said to him: "We were talking about military evaders in general and he made the statement to me that if he saw any of these men he would get them and he said, 'Mac, we are here to get these men dead or alive.' That was the end of the conversation" (quoted in Stonebanks 2004, 101).
Devitt claimed at the first inquest that his instructions had been to arrest the men under the Military Services Act. He also suggested that this was relayed to the men in the posse. There was, in his view, no instruction to bring the men in dead or alive.
All of this suggests that Campbell had something of an obsession with war resisters. One could even suggest he held an irrational hatred toward them. He certainly was willing to express openly the view that opposing war was reason enough to kill someone. Incredibly, none of these conversations were brought into the initial Inquest of July 31, 1918.
No one but for those directly involved, Dan Campbell and Ginger Goodwin, can ever know what actually happened in those woods in the summer of 1918 beyond the clear fact that Constable Campbell shot and killed union organizer and war resister Goodwin.
Yet virtually everyone who has studied the case agrees that justice was not served—not even in limited criminal justice terms. Neither has justice been seen to have been done.
The Grand Jury process, abolished in Canada in 1932, entirely subverted "due process" by denying the public trial of the manslaughter charge which the Provincial Police and two justices of the peace had determined should proceed, as a prima facie case was established. Even more, the Grand Jury hearing took place in private and left no record of proceedings (Stonebanks 2004, 126).
As few as seven people with no legal education, experience, background, or insight, but strong business connections and interests, decided, on what basis we still do not know, that there should be no trial. Secrecy and the lack of written record meant that perjury was unbothered during a Grand Jury hearing.
A trial might have drawn out of Campbell details about what actually happened. In a self defense argument he would certainly have had to take the stand. And his testimony would have been subject to cross-examination.
Campbell was to have appeared before a military tribunal for inquiry into the shooting but there are no records this ever happened. Neither is there any record of his having been reprimanded for carrying a non- weapon in the field while carrying out duties of the force.
Indeed most of the official records relating to the police killing of Ginger Goodwin have been destroyed or gone missing. Most documents relating to the hunting of war resisters have been wiped out across the board.
Chillingly, Louvan Brownlow, daughter of the Provincial Police Constable in Cumberland, Robert Rushford, said in an interview that her father always maintained privately that Goodwin was unarmed when he was killed. She recalled him saying: "The poor little bastard. He wasn't armed" (quoted in Stonebanks 2004, 130).
Historian Mark Leier puts the killing of Ginger Goodwin, labor organizer and war resister, by a Canadian cop in proper context. In Leier's words:
"In sending police after Goodwin, politicians were operating normally. Immorally, of course, but in their usual fashion, following their usual rules and orders. The real criminality is that they were simply doing their day-to-day, regular jobs, maintaining a capitalist order and ensuring the smooth operation of an exploitative system." (2013, 86)
At some point a government telegram was sent ordering Goodwin's reexamination which led to a reclassification to A or fight to fight at the front. Notably this occurred during the 1917 strike Goodwin was leading at CM and S in Trail, which was a major supplier of war materials (Stonebanks 2004, 128). There is evidence that CM and S ran Goodwin out of Trail during the strike. They most likely did not want him back under any circumstances.
Leier, Mark. 2013. Rebel Life: The Life and Times of Robert Gosden, Revolutionary, Mystic, Labour Spy. Vancouver: New Star Books
Steeves, Dorothy G. 1960. The Compassionate Rebel: Ernest Winch and the Growth of Socialism in Western Canada. Vancouver: J.J. Douglas
Stonebanks, Roger. 2004. Fighting for Dignity: The Ginger Goodwin Story. St. John's, NL: Canadian Committee on Labour History


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Archive for August, 2018
Greenwich Growth Fund – New Round of Applications
Posted on 29. Aug, 2018 by Environment.
The new round for applications will open on 17 September. Proposals for over £5,000 will be invited.
Continue Reading
Twighlight Walk 29 September
Posted on 03. Aug, 2018 by Environment.
Support St Christopher's and Greenwich and Bexley Hospices by joining the Twighlight Walk starting at 5pm on 29th September.


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Product Reviews


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I'm never gonna put boundaries on myself ever again. I'm never gonna say I can't do it. I'm never gonna say 'maybe'. I'm never gonna say, 'I don't think I can.' I can and I will.
These words, from Nadiya Hussain's acceptance speech on the Great British Bake Off final, made millions of people tear up on their sofas on Wednesday night.
Hussain's speech was funny and touching, to the extent that it made even Mary Berry cry. Here, we take a look at some other acceptance speeches that have moved viewers, and, in some cases, made history.
Malala Yousafzai wins Nobel peace prize in 2014
At 17, Yousafzai became the youngest winner of the prize and used her speech to attack governments and say she was proud to represent her country of Pakistan.
"Why is it that countries which we call strong are so powerful in creating wars but are so weak in bringing peace? Why is it that giving guns is so easy but giving books is so hard?" she asked.
Halle Berry wins best actress Oscar for Monster's Ball in 2002
Berry became the first black woman to win a best actress Oscar. She started crying as soon as her name was announced and took minutes to get on the stage and make her speech.
"This moment is so much bigger than me," she said, and the world agreed with her.
Graham Moore wins best adapted screenplay for Imitation Game at 2015 Oscars
Moore spoke for the millions of kids watching who feel like they don't fit in. He revealed that he tried to kill himself at 16 "because I felt weird, and I felt different, and I felt that I did not belong. And now I'm standing here, and I would like this moment to be for that kid out there who feels she's weird or she's different or she doesn't fit in anywhere. Yes, you do … Stay different, and then when it's your turn, and you're standing on this stage, please pass the message to the next person that comes along."
Martin Luther King wins Nobel peace prize in 1964
The US civil rights leader made history when he was awarded the prize.
"I accept the Nobel prize for peace at a moment when 22 million negroes of the United States of America are engaged in a creative battle to end the long night of racial injustice," he said.
Sally Field wins best actress Oscar for Norma Rae in 1985
An emotional Field uttered the now well-quoted lines: "I can't deny the fact that you like me, right now, you like me!" She was parodying a line from her role in Norma Rae, but it went over many people's heads, in a nice way.