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The 8 most important factors to consider when deciding whether to try Erectile Dysfunction (ED) drugs
An estimated 30 million men in the United States — and as many as 100 million worldwide — are thought to suffer from Erectile Dysfunction (ED), which occurs when a man is unable to achieve — and sustain — the kind of erect penis needed for successful sexual intercourse.
While many men try to remedy their ED with such blockbuster drugs as Viagra and Cialis, not all men are good candidates for these drugs due to health problems like prior heart attacks, diabetes, liver or kidney problems. Other candidates may be more susceptible to the drugs' side effects, which can include sudden blindness or vision loss, painful erections, headaches, dizziness, or muscle or back pain.
Below you'll find the 8 most important factors to consider when deciding whether to try ED drugs. You can also look at our companion ED Drug Comparison Chart.
Age alone won't cause ED, although it does become more prevalent as men grow older and as many as half of men between 40 and 70 have either passing or chronic ED. More commonly ED is caused by what is now known to be a long list of medical, psychological and lifestyle factors such as vascular disease (which accounts for about 40% of cases in men 50 and older), diabetes (which may account for another 30% of cases), prostate surgery, high blood pressure, thyroid problems, obesity, smoking, high cholesterol levels, high lipid levels, multiple sclerosis, depression, performance anxiety, and too much alcohol.When a man is sexually excited, the penis typically fills with roughly 20 times as much blood as normal and it becomes both larger and harder — unless some factor (or combination of factors) short-circuits the process.
ED may also be caused by certain over-the-counter drugs like antihistamines and heartburn medications, as well as prescription drugs like those for treating high blood pressure, depression, anxiety, cancer, and epilepsy. Contrary to what many consumers think, only 3 to 6% of all cases appear to be due to a low level of testosterone, and men who have low testosterone can still have erections.
Because ED can have so many causes, treating it effectively often requires medical supervision, as well as the time and patience to try different approaches, if necessary.
"There is such variability to ED," said urologist Kevin Campbell, MD, the director of the Men's Sexual Health Clinic, which is part of the Cincinnati, Ohio-based Urology Group. "You might get a 45-year-old man who tells you he doesn't get erections like he used to, or maybe a 65-year-old diabetic who hasn't had an erection in five years, but who's now in a relationship."
"It depends on the situation," he added. "If you're a guy who had radical prostate surgery and there is nerve damage, I don't feel the need to try all the medications."
Consumers now spend an estimated $4 to $5 billion a year on erectile dysfunction drugs that are most often taken by mouth, injected into the penis, or used as a penile suppository. In 1998, Viagra became the first oral drug to win the approval of the federal Food and Drug Administration, and since then the famous "little blue pill" has been followed by other drugs that claim to offer new benefits, whether it's producing erections faster and with fewer side effects, or allowing a drug to remain active for a longer period of time, as well be taken more conveniently and discreetly.
Some drugmakers are continuing the push to try to make certain ED drugs available without a prescription. While past efforts to make Viagra available over the counter failed because of objection from regulators, Sanofi, the French drug company, announced last spring that it was buying the rights to seek approval for eventually selling Cialis without a prescription once the drug loses its patent protections (2017 in the U.S.).
Here are 8 things you need to know before taking any ED drug:
1. Medical problems and lifestyle issues need to be addressed first
ED is often a sign of far more serious health problems, so physicians say it should be treated first by addressing issues like diabetes, high blood pressure (present in about 20% of men with ED), and severe heart disease (found in about 5% of ED sufferers).
In many cases, even small lifestyle changes can make a big difference. In one study, researchers found that men who had type 2 diabetes but who adhered most closely to the so-called Mediterranean diet (high in foods like fruits, vegetables, olive oil, nuts and fish) had the lowest incidence of ED.
Prominent medical groups like the American College of Physicians and American Urological Association recommend that men who still have ED after addressing medical and lifestyle issue first consider taking drugs like Viagra and Cialis before moving to more invasive procedures like penis injections, penis pumps, implants and vascular surgery.
2. Some drugs you are on can cause ED
Talk to your doctor. Some OTC and prescription medicines can cause ED. Medicines that can cause ED include: antidepressants, antihistimines, anti-anxiety drugs, diuretics, high blood pressure drugs, antiarrhythmics, muscle relaxants, prostate and chemotherapy drugs, some NSAIDS, some antacid and heartburn drugs and Parkinson's drugs.
3. ED drugs are effective
Oral drugs
The most commonly used ED medications belong to a group of drugs called phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE-5) because they turn off an enzyme that blocks the formation of an erection. So far, the FDA has approved five such drugs: Viagra (sildenafil), Cialis (tadalafil), Levitra (vardenafil), Stendra (avandafil), and Staxyn (a rapidly dissolving form of Levitra that is placed on the tongue).
As a group, PDE-5 inhibitors allow about 7 out of every 10 men to have successful intercourse, although they may work less well in some men who have diabetes and who have recently had radical prostatectomy, when the entire prostate gland is surgically removed, often because of cancer.
Side effects with the drugs are usually mild to moderate. Because they basically work the same way, they're usually prescribed on the basis of their convenience, cost, side-effect profiles, and the often strong personal preferences that men develop for certain drugs. Some men, for example, claim in online reviews that Viagra appears to kick in faster and produce a firmer erection than Cialis, even though it is effective in the body for only about 4 hours (versus 36 hours for the "weekender" version of Cialis). In general, all PDE-5 drugs, in order to work, require that a man also be sexually stimulated.
Penile injections
The American Urological Association says so-called intracavernosal penile injections are the most effective way to treat ED without surgery, even though the procedure is invasive (it requires that a man self-inject a needle into the side of his penis) and also carries a higher risk for priapism, a rare, but potentially serious medical condition associated with erections that last 4 hours or more.
Penile injections are now commonly prescribed when none of the PDE-5 drugs appear to work, or for men who want a more rigid erection with less stimulation. They're also used to treat men who have ED because of nerve damage from severe prostate surgery.
The injections usually contain alprostadil, a powerful vasodilator. Alprostadil is either used alone (in products like Caverject and Edex) or mixed with medications like papaverine and phentolamine (in so-called tri-mix and bi-mix combinations) to increase both the efficacy of the injection and decrease penile pain. Urologists often turn to specialty pharmacies to custom-make tri-mix and bi-mix formulations for their patients.
The injections have drawbacks. For one, men often need to be taught how to do them correctly, to minimize bruising and pain. It can also take 6 or more injections before the right dosage is found. Most men, however, see a reaction in about 5 minutes, and erections typically last about an hour.
In Cincinnati, Dr. Campbell likes to recommend penile injections because he's found they're about 80% effective for treating ED. He's also discovered that a tri-mix injection can cost his patients as little as $5 per injection.
Penile suppositories
Alprostadil also comes in the form of a penile suppository, MUSE (Medicated Urethral System for Erections), that is about the size of a grain of rice. Using a special applicator, a man typically slips MUSE about an inch into his urethra before he wants to have sex; erections typically occur within 5 to 10 minutes and last for 30 to 60 minutes. In clinical trials, the drug was found to help about 65% of men have intercourse compared to about 19% of the men who were taking a placebo. Some physicians, however, say it is both expensive and effective only 20 to 40% of the time at creating an erection hard enough to allow for sex. Still, unlike PDE-5 inhibitors, MUSE can be used by men who are taking nitrate-based drugs, and it's often effective for men who have severe vascular disease, diabetes, as well as those who have undergone prostate surgery.
Testosterone replacement therapy
Boosting testosterone doesn't always amp up erections. Still, for the small number of men who have ED because of low testosterone, testosterone patches, gels and, increasingly, longer-acting testosterone pellets have been shown to help.
Penile creams
So far, a penile cream for treating ED has been approved for use only in Canada and Europe. The cream, Vitaros, also contains the vasodilator alprostadil, but it's applied with a special, disposable applicator to the tip of the penis 5 to 30 minutes before a man wants to have sex.
Unlike the PDE-5 inhibitors, Vitaros isn't swallowed so it may eventually prove to have fewer side effects. Some men, however, report a burning sensation in the penis when they use it, and women may experience mild vaginal burning, itching or vaginitis. It should not be used with anyone who is pregnant, breastfeeding, or considering pregnancy. Men who take it also need to avoid driving or using machinery for up to 2 hours afterward because of the risk of dizziness and fainting. Still, studies have already shown that the cream appears to be both well-tolerated and helps improve erections in men who have medical conditions like diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
4. Side effects are often minimal but some men need to avoid the drugs entirely
As anyone who's ever watched the ads already knows, ED medications often appear to come with a long list of side effects, some of them are frightening, like the potential for sudden loss of hearing or blindness.
In general, ED drugs like Viagra and Cialis carry minimal to moderate side effects, and the medications can often be used safely, even in men who have cardiovascular problems, say physicians like Dr. Campbell. "The number of people who can't take ED drugs because of side effects is less than 5%, usually in the range of 2 to 3%," he said.
For drugs like Viagra, Levitra and Cialis, the most common side effects are headaches, heartburn, facial flushing, and a stuffy or running nose. Many Cialis users, on the other hand, complain about back and leg pain. According to Eli Lilly, the company that makes Cialis, men who get back pain and muscle aches with Cialis usually get it 12 to 24 hours after taking the drug, and the pain typically stops within 48 hours.
Still, some men need to take PDE-5 drugs with caution and under medical supervision, or avoid them entirely. They should be avoided by anyone who is taking nitrate-based medicines, like those used to treat angina (chest pain) or found in street drugs called "poppers" because the combination can lead to dangerously low blood pressure. While the drugs do not appear to lead to a much higher risk of heart attacks, they're typically prescribed with caution — or avoided entirely — in men who have severe heart disease, high blood pressure, or who have had a heart attack or stroke within the last 4 months. Men who have reduced liver function, or kidney problems, or who require dialysis also need to be careful.
When it comes to sudden vision loss, the concern with drugs like Viagra and Cialis has been that they may double the risk of developing a rare, but potentially serious eye condition called non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), which can cause permanent vision loss.
The incidence of NAION is now quite low: between 2.5 and 11.8 cases a year for every 100,000 men 50 or over. The condition has been linked to factors like hypertension, diabetes, smoking and sleep apnea, as well as an anatomical problem with the optic nerve usually referred to as a "crowded" optic disc. It's still not clear whether the higher incidence of NAION among men who take ED drugs is due to the drugs themselves, or to the many medical problems that often cause ED.
5. Compliance can be a big hurdle
Men often have a hard time complying with a plan to take erectile dysfunction drugs; sometimes the problem is the effectiveness of the drug itself, but it can also be a matter of unrealistic expectations or a need for more spontaneity. Some research suggests that as many as 40% of men switch at least once between oral drugs like Viagra and Cialis, and between 30 and 60% eventually opt out entirely.
Compliance can also be a problem with penile injections, even though the needles themselves are very small, said Dr. Campbell. "If you look at patients a year later, only about 50% of patients are still doing it," he said. "Men get frustrated with the lack of spontaneity, and sometimes they get a pain in their penis."
6. Watch for drug interactions
As with other medications, ED drugs can affect the action of other drugs, and the combination can worsen side effects. With PDE-5 drugs like Cialis, for example, tell your doctors if you are also taking nitrate-based drugs, alpha-blockers (like those used for high blood pressure and prostate problems), protease-inhibitor medicines for HIV infections, anti-fungal drugs, and some types of antibiotics like erythromycin, clarithromycin or telithromycin.
7. Beware of imitators
Some of the most counterfeited drugs in the world are drugs like Viagra and Cialis, and regulators estimate that half of all ED drugs sold online may actually be bogus. For that reason, it's best to buy oral ED drugs from an accredited local pharmacy, or an accredited online pharmacy, To find an accredited online source, check the information that now often appears on the websites of drugmakers like Eli Lilly, which makes Cialis.
Many Internet sites also claim to offer "dietary supplements" and "all natural" products for treating ED or otherwise boosting sexual potency.
The supplements often appeal to men who want to avoid having to get a prescription from a doctor, or who think the products are safer than conventional drugs, especially if they have medical problems like heart disease or diabetes.
But in 2010 an FDA investigation found that a third of these "dietary supplements" contained either sildenafil — the active ingredient in Viagra — or substances similar to both Viagra and Levitra. Since 2004, the FDA has compiled a list of 30 such supplements that may pose hazardous side effects because they carry powerful ingredients that aren't listed on their labels.
8. Some men prefer non-drug alternatives
When oral drugs and injections prove to be ineffective, men are often asked to consider alternatives like so-called vacuum erection devices, penile implants, or vascular surgery. While some of the alternatives require surgery, many are highly effective.
Many men like vacuum erection devices, which are essentially hollow tubes placed over the penis and powered with a pump to draw air out and bring blood in (a constriction ring is placed at the base of the penis to maintain the erection). The devices tend to be reliable, easy to use (some training is required first), and usually work between 80 and 90% of the time. Men who don't like the devices often complain that they're bulky and create erections that can feel wobbly at the base of the penis. The devices can't be used with men who have had bleeding disorders, sickle cell anemia or priapisms. For better results, the devices are sometimes paired with PDE-5 drugs.
Penile implants also get high marks, and physicians report that as many as 9 out of every 10 men say they like the results. The implants now come in two forms: malleable implants that a man bends upward when he wants to have sex, and more-popular inflatable models that make use of a pump in the scrotum to draw fluid into the rods of the implant inside the penis. While penile implants need to be surgically inserted, they have a low rate of mechanical failure, and cause infections after surgery only 1 to 2% of the time, according to Dr. Campbell.


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FIVB President discusses future of volleyball with Dentsu
President Ary Graça spoke at length about the tremendous successes of the innovative Volleyball Nations League (VNL) and in particular about the FIVB's focus on fan engagement and entertainment.
"Volleyball is no longer simply a game. There is now a clear narrative at every major FIVB event, focused on engaging the fans," he said. "Ours is a truly unique approach where we invite fans to be part of the show. This is how we captivate our audience, not only those in the stadium but across the world watching on television or through Volleyball TV."
President Ary Graça also talked about the ever-increasingly competitive marketplace for fans' attention. The FIVB's solution is to ensure its key differentials: inclusivity, innovation and entertainment means that volleyball stands apart from other activities.
"Volleyball is a true family sport, a game for everybody, no matter your race, gender, ethnicity, class or age," the FIVB President said. "We are already the world's second most popular sport according to the Nielsen report, and with our focus on innovation and carefully developed strategic partnerships with key stakeholders, like our friends at Dentsu, there is no limit to the growth of volleyball as a global sport."
President Graça also spoke of the importance of Asia as a key volleyball market.
"Asia is currently our primary focus and we are working hard to ensure our presence and relevance in various markets throughout the continent. Opportunities are available to host major upcoming events for volleyball and beach volleyball and we are very interested in bringing these to Asia.
Attendees received the speech with great interest, while the Dentsu leadership team confirmed the mutual interest in a strong collaboration between the two organisations.
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The overall goal of this multidisciplinary project is to combine functional genomics and computational modelling into a novel integrative systems approach aimed at identifying key components of the regulatory networks involved in cell physiology.
The project aims to develop a computational framework based on a probabilistic modelling technique (Bayesian state-space models), within the context of real-world scientific problems.
In this project we propose innovative directions to significantly extend this network modelling approach, incorporating into the model learning and inference process nonlinearities that reflect the underlying biological mechanisms and prior knowledge in the form of known connections.
In the first phase of this research, the focus will be to develop the computational framework to effectively model the temporal gene expression profiles of a subset of genes derived from differential expression profiling.
The second phase of this work will involve a tightly coupled iterative cycle of computational modelling and independent experimental validation of model predictions using over-expression and gene silencing experiments by collaborating groups.
The new computational tools will be developed in the context of real-world scientific problems: the understanding of stress response in the model plant species Arabidopsis at a molecular level and metabolic regulation in the bacteria Streptomyces, major producers of antibiotics and bioactive products.
These are well-defined systems of biological interest that can be easily manipulated experimentally and for which genomic information and the necessary investigative tools are available.
Please send a CV;
a letter detailing your expertise, experience and interest; copies of any degree certificates;
and contact details of at least two referees to:
Dr. B. W. Kiernan,
Warwick Systems Biology Centre, Coventry House, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK CV4 7AL (b.w.kiernan [at] warwick.ac.uk)
If English is not your first language, please also detail your English language qualifications, or similar experience.
Please quote job vacancy reference number WSB01-017
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text: The neon "Hot Now" sign is a critical piece of Krispy Kreme's iconic brand. Our client's proposed sign, however, did not conform to the local ordinance which put the project in jeopardy. Our relationship with Retail Strategies helped us navigate the restrictions and find common ground with the City of Bartlett. The city gained a successful Krispy Kreme store and we delivered for our client. The RS team was absolutely instrumental in making this happen.


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We have specific tasks that we would like to accomplish with our 2019 Work Parties. With each task we have assigned the value for that task i.e. a Season's Pass or a Day Lift Pass. The tasks below are what we have so far, so please e-mail email@example.com if you are interested and we will coordinate the dates to complete the task:
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Read this tip to make your life smarter, better, faster and wiser. LifeTips is the place to go when you need to know about Vertical Jump and other Basketball topics.
Often overlooked as a factor in leaping ability is a player's flexibility. Jumping high is based on the elasticity of your muscles and tendons. Without extreme flexibility, you will never jump as high as you could with proper training. Be sure that before you practice you employ a series of stretching drills to help with your flexibility. Basic hamstring and quadricep stretches can be done in just a few minutes either standing or seated on the floor. There are also many basketball training accessories now available to provide you with a stringent warm-up routine for flexibility. Take advantage of these to increase your flexibility and increase your jump.
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Every Monday in school term time we run two popular toddler groups in the community centre for families with preschool children. We're a very friendly group who enjoy free play, crafts, snacks and a lovely song time with our very own music man, David Edwards, who is a big hit with little ones.
The centre is warm with child friendly toilets, nappy changing and easy access.
Mondays 9.15am-10.30am or 11.00am-12.15pm at Cullompton Community Centre.
£1 per session per family per week.
For more information click here to email Carrie.
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The Weekly MashUp is a recurring segment on Hear Me Out, the Young Minds Blog, highlighting the most pertinent local and national news for children's mental health advocates. If you haven't already, sign up to be on our email list to get the Weekly MashUp delivered to your inbox each week!
Governor Looks to Leverage Unspent MHSA Funds
Capital Public Radio – 5.17.18
Governor Brown is looking to leverage billions in unspent funds allocated to counties across California under the Mental Health Services Act. The effort is in light of an audit in February indicating that unspent county funds have accumulated to $2.5 billion. As part of this process, Brown is spending $6.7 million hiring staff at the Department of Health Care Services to oversee how counties are using the MHSA funds.
Meanwhile, the CA Assembly and Senate are considering two bills, respectively, that make proposals about how best to leverage the unspent funds. 80% of the funding is currently spent on services, and 20% on prevention.
The new Assembly bill, AB 2843, seeks to decentralize the remaining MHSA dollars from state to local government agencies and entities that provide mental health services, including school districts and city governments. The Senate bill, SB 1004, advocates for the prevention funds to address "early psychosis and mood disorder detection, mental health outreach for young adults, with an emphasis on colleges; and childhood trauma prevention and intervention services."
The Steinberg Institute's Government Affairs Director, Adrienne Shilton, said that some of the challenges with the unspent funds relate to unclear instructions in MHSA's framing about how the money is returned.
"Until the Mental Health Services Act, there wasn't a funding stream, in the public system at least, to get to people before they had a diagnosed mental illness," Shilton said.
$30 Million Available for TAY Foster Youth and Family Housing
John Burton Advocates for Youth – 5.8.18
Earlier in May, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development issued a Notice of Funding Availability (NOFA) for $30 million to public housing authorities to administer the Family Unification Program. The program gives Housing Choice Vouchers to families whose reunification with their child impacts their housing. It includes youth 18 to 24 who left foster care at age 16, or will leave foster care within 90 days.
According to John Burton Advocates for Youth, 33 housing authorities in California administer 3,159 FUP Vouchers. These vouchers greatly help reduce homelessness among Transition Age Youth (TAY) coming from foster care. Interested families can find information about the program here.
The current closing date for applications is July 24, 2018.
More Stories:
How homelessness affects Foster TAY in LA
Youth Today — 5.18.18
Lawmakers audit children's Medi-Cal for racial disparities
California Health Report — 5.17.18
Drug education turns to harm reduction
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The Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) has given its backing to the Sunshine Act, a new bill that calls for the creation of a system for registering payments made to physicians by pharmaceutical companies.
US senators Charles Grassley of Iowa and Herbert Kohl of Wisconsin are sponsoring the revised act, the first of its kind, which will mean pharma companies to disclose when they pay doctors to perform tasks such as patient care during trials. Firms that breach the terms of the new act could face fines between $10,000 and $100,000.
"We need to go the extra mile to allow others to see what we do so that the public can place greater trust in us and in our medicines and vaccines," said PhRMA president and chairman, and chief executive officer (CEO) of Merck & Co. "This bill will help build a stronger foundation of trust."
PhRMA commended the two senators for their drive to push the Sunshine bill forward for senate approval and told them that it has accepted the provisions laid down in the revised Act. It also recognised that it is important for the industry to maintain a good relationship with physicians who perform contracted duties, such as lectures, on behalf of pharmaceutical companies.
Billy Tauzin, president and chief executive officer of PhRMA, said the agency "believes that appropriate transparency in relationships between pharmaceutical research companies and physicians is an important ingredient and helps build and maintain trust by patients in the healthcare system."
Eli Lilly & Co has already pledged its support for the new bill and said that it represents an important step in increasing the level of public confidence in the pharmaceutical industry.
Impetus Digital has offered virtual advisory boards, clinical trial investigator consortiums, co-author publication working groups, steering committees, and medical education...


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A couple of sets which came to me to finish (i.e. be the third person to work on). I added a little washi tape to these calendar birds,
And some little flowers to these green birds. Birds is a very common theme for ATCs, which is fine with me, as I love them!


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Complete the form below to request specific information regarding questions you have including course cost and course length.
When you enroll in Ashford University's Bachelor of Arts in Library Science and Media program, you have the opportunity to study reading and cognition, the needs of diverse learners, and other relevant topics. Read on to learn more about the Bachelor of Arts in Libary Science and Media program here.
Ashford University's Bachelor of Arts in Library Science in Media program is designed to teach you about elementary and secondary school media, meeting the needs of diverse learners, curriculum and instructional design, foundations of educational technology, and information literacy. The degree program also covers topics such as literature for children and teens, research and analysis skills, and introduction to education. Currently, the Bachelor of Arts in Library Science and Media concludes with a capstone project.
If you are interested in applying to Ashford University's Bachelor of Arts in Library Science and Media program, you should have a love of reading and a desire to work with a diverse group of learners who are eager to read. Strong communication and interpersonal skills are beneficial but are not required for admission.All applicants to Ashford University should possess a high school diploma or its equivalent; some programs may have more specific requirements.
The Bachelor of Arts in Library Science and Media program consists of 120 total credits, including 52 general education credits, 30 major credits, and 38 elective credits. Students who transfer credits may not be required to take all of the courses listed below.
Library Science and Media Courses
|Course Number
|Course Title
|Introductory Courses
|Personal Dimensions of Education
|Adult Development and Life Assessment
|Major Course Requirements
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Every Wednesday, I will share a part of the translation of the book Kitab Al-Kasb (the book of Earning a Livelihood) written by Muhammad Ibn Al-Hasan Al-Shaybani.
Part 47: The Abhorrence of Wearing Silk and Its Dispensation in Time of War.
Then, Imam Muhammad Ibn Al-Hasan Al-Shaybani says, "It is abhorrent for men to wear silk when they are not in a war situation."
This question is not really among the question of this topic (of earning), but rather it is discussed in many places in the books (of Imam al-Shaybani), yet it is appropriate to what he has discussed of the questions of this book (of earning). Indeed, he has composed this book (of earning) in regard to abstinence, according to what was reported that when he was done with composing his other books, it was said to him, "Should you not compose something on abstinence and prudence," whereupon he said, "I have composed the book of buying and selling," and then, he proceeded to compose this book (of earning). But he was afflicted by a sudden illness during which his brain became dehydrated, and he could not realize his intention.
It was reported that it was said to him, "Make for us an index of what you have intended to compose," and so he made for them an index of a thousand chapters which he had intended to compose on abstinence and prudence; hence some latter-day scholars said, "The passing away of Imam Muhammad Ibn Al-Hasan Al-Shaybani and the occupation of Imam Abu Yusuf with the judiciary are a clemency for the disciples of Imam Abu Hanifah; for indeed if it (the situation) was not so, they would weary those who follow (closely their works)".
And this book (of earning) is the first of his works on abstinence and prudence, and at its end, he mentions some of the questions that are connected to that (the topic of abstinence and prudence), such as the question of wearing silk. The basis of this question is what was narrated that the Prophet went out one day with gold in his right hand and silk in his left hand, and said, "These two are illicit for the males of my community, but licit for the females." [Narrated by Abu Dawud, al-Nasa'i, Ibn Majah, al-Tirmidhi and Ahmad].
The wearing of silk in a situation other than war is abhorred, and likewise during a situation of war, according to the view of Abu Hanifah. However, in the view of the two of them, there is no harm in wearing silk during a situation of war if it is of compact texture such that (a fabric of) this kind can be used to ward off weapons. As for the case of its warp being not silken, but its woof is silken, then it is not licit for men to wear it in other than a situation of war; however it is licit by concord during a situation of war. And as for when it warps is silken but its woof not silken, then there is no harm in harm in wearing it in a situation other than war, such as (when one is infested with) lice, and other similar situations. These topics of wearing silk and related issues have already been elaborated in the books (of the Mabsut).
Imam Muhammad Ibn Al-Hasan Al-Shaybani says, "There is no blame for a person to have a bed of gold or silver covered over with bedspread of silk brocades as an adornment for the enjoyment of people without sitting or sleeping on it, for such a practice is reported of the predecessors from among the Companions and the Followers."
It is narrated about al-Hasan and al-Husayn that when either of them – depending on which of the different narrators about the matter is correct – was married to Shah Banu, she adorned his house with furnishings of silk brocades and utensils fabricated from gold and silver, and some of those Companions of the Prophet who were still living visited him and said, "What is this in your house, O son of Allah's Messenger?," whereupon he said, "This, is a lady whom I have married, and she brought (with her) things like these, and I did not deem it nice to prevent her from doing so."
And it is reported from Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah that he adorned his house with something like this, and some of the Companions censured him, whereupon he said, "I am only beautifying for people with this, but I am not using it. I only did this so that no one's heart will be concerned about me, and that none would look at me in an unseemly manner."
Thus, we know that in this case, if a person has those things with this objective, then there is no blame in it, though to do without these is preferable. This situation enters into the meaning of the statement of Allah, "Say: Who has forbidden the finery of Allah, which He has produced for devotees, and wholesome means of subsistence?" [Al-Quran, surah Al-A'raf, verse 32].
As for the one who says, "He should neither sit nor sleep on it," that is also the view of Imam Muhammad Ibn Al-Hasan Al-Shaybani. However, according to the view of Imam Abu Hanifah, there is no blame for sitting and sleeping on it, for only wearing it is abhorred, as what is worn becomes attached to the wearer. As for that which is sat or slept on, it does not become attached to him (the sitter or sleeper), hence there is no blame in that.
*What do you think about this topic? Please tell me what you think in the comment section below.
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minidisc wasn't any better than sony dat until Hi-MD came along late in the game plus you had to deal with all the copyright protected garbage
lot of work
sony has always had killer inventions and horrible market timing
Records rule here as for music, do use an old cassette boombox for recording spoken word quickly and radio, also has built in mics
had a minty DAT and sold it for nothing, tapes too difficult to source and when you do very expensive, some pros still use those older machines as safety backups though at live venues, I'v'e seen them
Yes, I've got my reasons and to me they're all true,
And I wouldn't change them, not even for you.
Now now, be nice boys. When l get back from Baili you will be best friends....
I don't know how old you are Michael but some of our grumpy old men do have a seniors moment every now and then so please take into account in your responses.
Who are you going to pass the baton on to?
Or can you only survive in same same whee you are the only fish in your own pond?
You need to work that out so your thread doesnt ultimately disappear up its own clacka.
When I attend record shows, it's very obvious that among the attendees ... about 70% are over 60 y.o. and the other portion is 30 or below .... not much in between. That may not be representative of the US as Portland has more used record stores - per capita - than any major US city.
Yes, I've got my reasons and to me they're all true,
And I wouldn't change them, not even for you.
In a general sense l dont disagree.
I personally dont make a point or attending record shows. I did however buy some Vinyl at a street market in Kensington while in the uk 18 months ago.
Locally new vinyl has taken hold in traditional CD music shops with new releases and re issues. I buy when in retail centres and its not a significant impact with a few every month.
On TT most locally hifi stores (half a dozen in the region) stock Technics, Project and Rega and a few mid priced TT like Avid and the SE Gyrodeck on display.
Whats interesting is if you make others in the same demographic aware they can become Interested in vinyl and some are in serious hifi. One parent at the local school recently bought Klipsch Cornwalls and another is looking at a retro style for their art dec home. The age varies locally but is in the 40-50 age bracket. They drive Audi or Lexus RVs and some Tesla S. They are self employed or in corporate roles or lawyers and the kids are in or will be going to private schools.
I think once seeded and they get the bug they are in it.
it's a good news/bad news deal
GOOD: I thought my model was a Delphi AC , actually they say it's a later mk1.
BAD: "Their cost is of: D-HINGES Aluminum hinges for the Delphi MkVI & MKV
$300 + Shipping & handling
These hinges fit into our small cardboard shipping box, which should cost somewhere between 164 to 20$ to ship to you, depending on where you are located in the U.S
P.S. I attached a copy of our Parts & Upgrades pricelist : because it is a Delphi MkI and not a Delphi AC, all of the upgrades shown are compatible to your turntable!
$320 .... I think not.
Yes, I've got my reasons and to me they're all true,
And I wouldn't change them, not even for you.
Prices for parts are somewhat in relation to TT price...
Did you check EBay or others?
Is that price $CAD or $US? If CAD then figure your actual cost about $100. less when converted to USD. Regards,
Another way of looking at it is that unlike our beloved and virtually deceased JBL, Oracle is at least willing and able to offer some support for a product they sold 40 years ago.
RE "...unlike our beloved and virtually deceased JBL, Oracle is at least willing and able to offer some support..."
Thanks Widget, had a good laugh at the virtually deceased, Sad reality though in terms of parts and service...
Like Oracle, Sennheiser Canada still has original parts for my 1977 414X and for little more recent 480 series II headphones... And I'd bet they're still able and do fix their old legendary 421 and 441 microphones for example. Go figure...
The 7 best turntables
For new vinyl collectors wondering where to start...
Yes, I've got my reasons and to me they're all true,
And I wouldn't change them, not even for you.
There are currently 1 users browsing this thread. (0 members and 1 guests)


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The Malvern High School team placed first in the 4th Annual Safe Communities Carroll County Teen ROADeo held Sept. 26, 2018 at the Lake Mohawk Main Beach Clubhouse.
Students from area high schools competed testing their driving skills and knowledge of traffic laws.
The goal of the event is for teens to have a positive interaction with law enforcement and to become more safety conscious behind the wheel.
Pictured L to R - Sgt. Bill Bower of the Ohio State Highway Patrol, Kimberlynn Marinucci, Mr. Lance Gram, Kendra Kuehn, Sam Earl, Dylan Mowery, Hunter Worstall and Madison Lewis.


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Showing 1-1 of 1
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Monochrome photograph of a Lance Corporal of the Seaforth Highlanders taken by AW Pierce, Nottingham.. He also appears, at the same place in same uniform, in picture #1186
Historylinks Year: 1914
Monochrome photograph of a Lance Corporal of the Seaforth Highlanders taken by AW Pierce, Nottingham.. He also appears, at the same place in same uniform, in picture #1186
Picture added on 24 April 2008
He is most definitely a Territorial (part time solder from circa WW1) as evidenced by his brass shoulder titles surmounted by a 'T' according to regulation and the Imperial Service (volunteer's) badge on his right breast.
Many thanks for your comment - Administrator
Many thanks for your comment - Administrator
Added by Robert Bennett on 27 June 2012
According to information gleaned from bedfordhighlanders.blogspot.co.uk/ this photograph was probably taken sometime between late August 1914 and early May 1915 in Bedford,England. This is where 51st (Highland) Division, Territorial Force was stationed while it underwent intensive infantry training in preparation for the Western Front. Although based in Nottingham, A W Pierce (photographer) took countless photographs of the division during this time. The blog infers that this soldier's unusual headgear was known as a 'Ghillie hat', which was a khaki canvas cover worn over his Glengarry. These were a short-lived item of dress particular to the 1/5th and 1/6th Seaforth in the weeks prior to their leaving Bedford 2nd/3rd May 1915. This soldier is also wearing calf length 'puttees' which were replaced in favour of shorter ankle length versions (depending on availability, supply and personal issue to individual soldiers in a unit) later on in 1915.
Added by James Gray on 02 April 2016


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My name is Jozzan Vengeancee and I am 19 years old. In 2011 I drew my first portrait and I got very interested in drawing.
Almost all of my drawings are made with soft pastel. I have worked with it for about 3 year and I am self taught. I found soft pastel when I was in Croatia 2012 and saw a street artist who used soft pastel. I got curious and bought it. Soft pastel is a crayon that is very soft. It contents a lot of color and is very easy to make smooth areas with.
Mail me your orders at:


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I have made some changes to this tom yum recipe – a traditional hot and sour Thai soup – to make it reflect Pepperfield. My version utilized ingredients grown here entirely on the farm excluding the sambul (chili paste), fish sauce and sugar.
Yields 6 Portions
9C Chicken Stock
1ea lemongrass with leaves (or more if using just stalk)
1in Galangal, or ginger
10 kaffir lime leaves
1T Sambul
5cl Garlic
.5# Mushrooms
2ea Onion
2t Sugar
8T Fish Sauce
8T Lime juice
1. Bruise lemongrass with the back of a chef knife, remove leaves and tie in a bundle around lemongrass, tear lime leaves into rough pieces, slice galangal, place all in a cheesecloth sachet and tie for easy removal. For a more rustic soup omit the cheesecloth.
2. Combine sachet and chicken stock and bring to a simmer for 20 minutes.
3. Add sambul, thinly sliced garlic, thin sliced onions and mushrooms to broth, cook for another 10 minutes until items are soft.
4. Season with fish sauce and sugar, adding more of each until desired profile is reached. Cook for a few minutes and remove from heat.5. Add lime juice until desired tanginess is reached, season with salt and serve immediately.
Tom yum is traditionally cooked with shrimp but to make it more in the essence of Pepperfield we used a whole chicken instead. I also added the meat back into the soup for some added protein but it is entirely optional.
If you enjoyed this recipe and want to see others like it, check out our other recipes here!


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Types of Essays and Some Instructions in Writing Them
When you are required to write an essay, what topics do you usually write about? Basically, you can have limitless opportunities to discuss any subjects that you wish to tackle but there are also some aspects in writing that you need to understand the type of essay that you can write may be limited but still, you can integrate all the topics that you are interested in.
The type of essay is relatively dependent on what your teacher is asking for you to compose. Basically, school curriculums have these sets of formats that you can follow when writing your papers. It does not really matter whether you are writing a literature, history, law, or biology essay. All of these subject parameters may be covered inside the parameters of different essay types.
The following list contains all the possible essay types that teachers regularly want for their students to write in. Please take time to read them so you can have an idea what to expect in such domain of writing.
Narrative essay-This kind of an essay promotes the ability of the writer to tell as story. Simply put, it is one of the simplest types of compositions you will ever write. Because of the flexibility of the topic interest and the kind of "relaxing" procedure in completing such an article, you will definitely enjoy writing it. Any types of English coursework may just be included in writing a narrative article because there are really no boundaries in building it.
Persuasive essay-Just what you have guessed, a persuasive essay intends to influence the mindset of your readers. You must provide a sort of detailed set of justifications that will promote your ideas. When you are persuading, you intend to make sure that your readers will also accept what you think is true. When writing such an article, provide some evidences about your claims.
Reflective essay-The kind of essay where you can manifest your feelings is the reflective essay. Basically, you only need to provide your reaction about a particular topic or issue. Afterwards, you may convert that feelings and emotions into a written form. For example, you have just completed a Romeo and Juliet coursework, you can then write how you felt in doing that task and present the significance of doing such a project requirement.
Argumentative essay-This kind of an article is very similar to the persuasive type. The main difference is that you make it appoint to present in your article that you strongly believe in a single notion. You tend to argue about your belief and that there is no need for you to persuade others to accept what you think is correct. When arguing, you should only select a single side of the issue-it is either you are pro or against a certain topic.
There are other subtypes of essay topic that you can consider. However, let us simply concentrate on these common formats. If you need some more tips in writing your school essays, simply browse through the directories in this site.
This post originally appeared on http://www.customessays.co.uk/blog/essay/types-of-essays-and-some-instructions-in-writing-them/
Types of Essays and Some Instructions in Writing Them 9 of 10 on the basis of 3017 Review.


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Chapter 44: Scandalous Behavior
The days were filled with hiring, training and worrying about the upcoming registration. The evenings were a continuing soap opera―a Cambodian version of "Peyton Place." It seemed that most of Untac's hormonal teenaged selves were in control. When someone came across a clue to their trysts on a walkie-talkie, pretty soon you could hear dozens of clicks as everyone switched their handsets to the "private" channel 4. Brielle had Leannán. I only had—if I wanted, and I didn't—the parrot-eyed Russ. However, he made a handsome escort to a UN dinner party and reception for visiting diplomats. I drove to KPCC in my new Toyota Land Cruiser Untac was now passing out like Halloween candy—no generators but plenty of cars and trucks.
At the PEO's villa we became separated by the crowd of guests and, feeling no need to be attached to Russ's arm, I walked over to greet the tall, slender silver-haired German ambassador. He looked the part, and his underlings toadied about him. His brows rose slightly when I was introduced as an American PhD, but apparently I was not sufficiently important to warrant an investment of his time. He dismissed me with a tight smile, a click of his heels and a formal "Freut mich dich kennen zu lernen," confirming my suspicion that most men the world over are asses.
I looked around and saw Stephan deep in discussion with his commander and several other Unmos—probably about soccer. In my purse was the cream I had promised him for his rash, so I thought, why not? Approaching the circle of men, I touched his arm.
"Vee-thai shlichna panienka," he said, looking a bit surprised. I didn't understand what he had said, but his smile persuaded me that it was something good. "Come with me, captain. I have something for you," I whispered conspiratorially.
We walked off to an empty corner of the room. Heads swiveled. I could practically hear the Unmos thinking, hello, what's this? Ignoring the stares, I opened the tube and rubbed some cream on Stephan's arm before handing it to him.
"You're welcome. I'm glad I happened to have it with me."
"Me, too."
"By the way, what did you say to me when I came over?"
He blushed and replied, "Oh, I say, 'Hello pretty woman.' Is that okay?"
After stretching out our conversation far longer than I should have, I summoned enough self-discipline to tell Stephan that I had to go and started walking towards Russ, who was drinking with the other navy Unmos.
"Is he my replacement?" Russ asked, a little too despairingly.
"Replacement for what? You never had a place."
"Sausage eater's probably a spy," he sneered with an air of superiority. "He's a dodgy bastard."
"Let it go. The Cold War is over."
I had arranged to bunk at the navy villa. They had extra rooms, and UNVs often stayed there when in KPCC.
"It's getting late; let's head back to the house," Russ said, already moving towards the door.
By the time we arrived at his compound, all the gates were locked. "Now what?" I asked. "Can you climb the fence?"
"You daft cow, there's razor wire and glass chips up there."
"No, you dolt. I'm not daft and don't call me a cow."
"Oh, CJ. A cow is an endearment, a word for sweetheart, that's all."
"Right, and I'm the Queen of England. Where are we going to sleep?"
He was already cranking back his seat to a reclining position. There was nothing for it. We wound up sleeping in the car―I in my black silk dress and high heels; Russ, drunk and despondent and so charmingly and infuriatingly "boyish."
I awoke with the early morning sun, aching all over and feeling thoroughly stupid and juvenile. "Russ, wake up. I've got to change and drive back to Skon."
His eyelids lifted grudgingly, he belched, and his eyes shut again. "How can you leave me?" he asked.
"You are one egotistical SOB."
"Hey," he pouted. "I think we'd make a cute couple."
I shook my head. "I'd be a footnote to your last hurrah. I want to brush my teeth, drive back to Skon and crawl into my own bed for the rest of the day," I said sourly.
When the gates to the navy compound finally opened, I went upstairs with Russ to wash. When I came out of his bathroom, he was lying curled up in his bed with his back to me. I stepped onto the balcony outside his room and looked down precisely at the moment Stephan entered the compound. He was wearing the same orange t-shirt under his pressed green khakis, and the same blue beret perched at a slight angle over his thick, curly hair that he wore the last time I had seen him. My breathing stopped; heat and color rose in my cheeks. OMG―a man I didn't need, a man I had no right to want.
I ducked back into the bedroom and sat down on the bed beside Russ.
"Changed your mind?" he murmured, not even turning over.
"No, quite the contrary. If you hadn't saved my damned foot, I wouldn't be here."


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Floraison № 8 Organic Female Parfum 5ml.
Gentlelady bold sweet long-lasting earthy floral scent for work, play, or night out. Beautiful and extremely fine complex scent with a very sweet, fresh, deeply rose floral body, magnificent, smooth, full-bodied, sublime, enticing, exotic, sultry. Divinely unforgettable and magnificent!
Ingredients: 100% pure organic: fractionated coconut oil, essential oils of botanicals. Non-GMO. No Preservatives. No Acids. No Chemicals. No Alcohol.


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Lawyer Defends New Jersey Man Over Arson Charge and His Brother's Death
Police officers blocked the road leading to the site of grisly killings in Colts Neck, N.J., a day after all four members of a family were found dead after a suspicious fire.
Mother Whose Child Died After ICE Detention Sues for $60 Million
Lawyers for the mother of a child who died several weeks after being released from the South Texas Family Residential Center in Dilley, Tex., have filed a $60 million legal claim.
Jimmy Kimmel's story of having dinner with Emily Blunt's mom will make you cringe laugh
Turns out Jimmy Kimmel's family and Emily Blunt's family are pretty close. They go on holiday together, they have dinner together, and — in particular — Kimmel is a huge fan of Emily Blunt's mom. In the clip above, Kimmel decides to share a story that illustr…
John Hinckley can move out of mom's house
John Hinckley, the man who tried to kill President Ronald Reagan in 1981, can move out of his mother's house and live independently or with roommates or a family member, according to a court ruling issued Friday.
Cop kills guard who got alleged gunman
A suburban Chicago police officer responding to a shooting at a bar killed a security guard who was just "doing his job," according to an attorney for the victim's family.


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Dia Duit! — imbolc
Saint Brigid's Day & The Festival of Imbolc
Deirdre Murray
Growing up in Ireland, St.Brigid's Day was one of the best days in school! We'd spend about an hour outside, playing around in the field and picking rushes for our Brigid's Cross (of course, the rushes would try to take the eyes out of us continuously)! We'd all head inside then to start crafting; folding rushes in half over and over again until we were left with the final product! My Mam still has these crosses displayed proudly on top of our kitchen dresser. Saint Brigid is one of the patron saints of Ireland. She is also the patron saint...
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- Tags: brigid, brigid's cross, bronze, crosses, february, holiday, home decor, imbolc, Ireland, Irish, made in Ireland, pagan, saint, saint brigid, saint brigid's day, spring, traditional, traditions


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03 Nov Baku to host conference on technology, culture and international stability
September 13-15 this year, the 18th International Conference on Technology, Culture and International Stability (TEC?S 2018), the world's most influential automatics and robotics company – the World Organization of Automatic Control (?FAC), will be held in Baku.
As reported by 1news.az , the conference aims to present the results of the latest research on technology, culture and international stability, as well as to exchange ideas and experience to gather scientists and experts from the field of industry and academia under one roof.
The conference, which will be held in Azerbaijan, will become the second event of the IFAC, which unites the companies on automated management and engineering from 49 countries of the world.
The event envisages the participation of the President of IFAC, Vice President of the German Research Community Frank Algöver.
Admission of articles and other scientific materials to the conference will continue until June 6.
After the anonymous selection process, the articles will be published on the basis of Sciencedirect.
For more information on the conference and the rules for submitting articles, please click here .


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Tag Archives: hairy maclairy
Is that a Dutch registration plate?
I've just been reading a friend's blog, and exactly at the moment when I left the page, I thought 'Hang on, that's not his car!' – now I'm going to have to ask him why he's put a picture of … Continue reading
Posted in Uncategorized Tagged gainful employment, hairy maclairy, jqlr, missing my eldest 1 Comment
punctures and geocaches
So much for the boy leaving home – he's hardly what you'd call independent yet! Handsome took his bike across mid week, but apparently delivered it complete with it's own puncture. We don't think Hairy's ever had to repair a … Continue reading
Posted in Uncategorized Tagged big heids, books, geocaching, hairy maclairy, Handsome, punctures 1 Comment
Recycling Hairy Maclairy's room
Hairy leaves home in two weeks… I've been nagging asking him to clear up his room, and start making decisions about what to take to university with him for weeks and weeks and weeks. Today, after I'd shouted at him, … Continue reading
Posted in Uncategorized Tagged absolute junk, clearing rooms, hairy maclairy, memories are not made of this Leave a comment
The school (the one with too much paper) sent Hairy a letter today to say that they will appeal to SQA about his Human Biology mark – he won't hear until November, and it makes no difference to his university … Continue reading
Posted in Uncategorized Tagged exam results, hairy maclairy Leave a comment
So he will be leaving home…
Results day today, Hairy was up before me this morning waiting for the postman, who, of course didn't come until later than usual, by which time he was actually waiting on the front door step. I'd already informed work that … Continue reading
Posted in Uncategorized Tagged hairy maclairy, leaving home 1 Comment
sour grapes
Hairy passed the written paper for his driving test today – he scored very highly, particularly on the hazard perception part. Handsome is a little miffed about the hazard perception test – when he attempted the practice dvd at the … Continue reading
Posted in Uncategorized Tagged driving lessons, driving test, hairy maclairy, Handsome Leave a comment
I've been sorting through some old photographs recently, trying to date and place them, and scanning the ones I really like, or that bring back a particular moment. The receptacle I'm retrieving them from is a vast, open-topped plastic toy … Continue reading
Posted in Uncategorized Tagged hairy maclairy, Mouse, photographs, reminiscing Leave a comment
cautiously, cautiously
Having been stung by a sleepy bee last weekend, and having had the kind of completely ridiculous allergic reaction that I blame my family genes for, I find myself being exceptionally and unreasonably cautious whilst bringing the washing in from … Continue reading
Posted in Uncategorized Tagged allergies, bees, hairy maclairy Leave a comment


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2014 marked the 50th anniversary of the Smithsonian American Art Museum/National Portrait Gallery Library being organized into the branch collection that exists today. Although collections of material on art have existed since the early 1920s, primarily to support the National Gallery of Art at the Smithsonian (which later became the National Collection of Fine Arts (NCFA), and is now the Smithsonian American Art Museum), it wasn't until after the United States Congress transferred the Patent Office Building to the Smithsonian with the intent for it to house the art museum and the National Portrait Gallery (NPG), that the library was organized into its current collection.
The original Smithsonian American Art Museum/National Portrait Gallery (AA/PG) Library was located in the third floor of the west wing of the Patent Office Building. The original space was completed in 1857 and served as a hall that housed models that were submitted with patents. Twenty years later during the fire in 1877 the hall was destroyed and the replacement, designed by the architect Adolf Cluss, who also designed the Smithsonian's Art and Industries Building, was reconstructed from 1879 to 1881. The finished space had 3 tiers with a skylight above the central aisle. With increased space constraints, by the early 1900s the west model hall was converted into the Patent Office's public search room. In 1932, the Patent Office moved out of the building which was then occupied by the Civil Service Commission.
After a threat to demolish the Patent Office Building in 1953 was met with opposition pointing to its historic and architectural significance, the building was transferred to the Smithsonian in 1958. Under the guidance of Secretary S. Dillon Ripley, it was decided that the building would house the NCFA and the newly-created National Portrait Gallery. Renovations began in late 1964, and the third floor west hall was chosen as the space to house the library for both museums. A new librarian, William Walker, was hired in 1964 to organize the new library, which absorbed the collections of art books and materials in various Smithsonian buildings. The collection was first organized and housed in the Art and Industries Building. The librarian developed the collection for the two museums and helped design the library in the new space in the newly-named Fine Arts & Portrait Gallery Building. In February 1967, the library moved into its space in the west hall while construction continued. Shelving was completed in April 1968 and the collection moved from its prior location to the new stacks in later 1968.
With the addition of antique gold carpeting over the damaged marble floors, the library space was completed in time for the opening of the National Portrait Gallery in October 1968. Head Librarian, Bill Walker, continued to develop the collection and worked to establish the library as a center of study for the field. After 15 years he left to become the Chief Librarian at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and was succeeded ultimately by Cecilia Chin in 1982. The west hall continued to serve as the location for the library until 2000 when the museum was closed for a major 6-year renovation. The library was moved to its present location in the Victor Building and the space now currently houses the Luce Foundation Center for American Art.
To commemorate the 50th anniversary of the AA/PG Library, photographs of the history of the west hall of the Patent Office Building and its renovation into the library have been put on display in the AA/PG library. Visitors are welcome to visit during the library's public hours.


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Forest Trends, a Washington-based NGO, has released a new analysis that says 49 percent of tropical deforestation is due to illegal clearing for commercial agriculture.
According to the analysis, commercial cultivation between 2000 and 2012 is the root of 71 percent of all tropical deforestation. Nearly half of this deforestation was carried out in contravention of the written laws, policies and regulations of the countries studied.
Sam Lawson, the report's lead author, says international markets are driving this relentless destruction. The goods harvested from tropical plantations – palm oil, beef, leather, soy, paper and timber – are all in high demand in the EU, U.S., China, India and Russia. "Consumer countries have a responsibility to help halt this trade," he said.
The global market for these products is worth an estimated $61 billion per year. Unfortunately, that profit comes with a hefty environmental price. The destruction of so many trees releases an annual 1.47 gigatonnes of stored carbon – or 25 percent of Europe's yearly fossil fuel emissions.
In the last decade, 200,000 square kilometers of tropical forest was destroyed (picture five football fields of forest disappearing every 60 seconds), and much of it due to fraudulent clearing licenses or outright criminality. It is estimated that 80 percent of deforestation in Indonesia is illegal, and less than 10 percent of clearing licenses granted in Papua New Guinea were issued legitimately.
Since 2004, Brazil has led its fellow countries in reducing its deforestation by implementing stricter policies on its clearing and agricultural practices. Before that point, up to 90 percent of agricultural deforestation in the country was illegal.
"We've known that the production of agricultural commodities is a principal driving force behind deforestation, but this is the first report to show the outsize role that illegal activities play in the production of hundreds of food and household products consumed worldwide," said Michael Jenkins, the president and CEO of Forest Trends.
"Urgent action is needed to help countries where these agricultural products are being grown, both for governments to enforce their own laws and regulations, and for businesses aiming to produce commodities legally and sustainably."
The full report, Consumer Goods and Deforestation: An Analysis of the Extent and Nature of Illegality in Forest Conversion for Agriculture and Timber Plantations, can be downloaded here.
A 14-page executive summary of the report is available here.
One Response
Thanks for the article!!!!


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Please Insert $1 to Continue Browsing the Web
Paying for your next computer may be more like feeding a parking meter than forking over a one-time chunk of cash. Microsoft has filed a patent for a new "Pay-As-You-Go Computing Experience." The system would let you skip the up-front cost of a PC, paying instead by the hour based on how many resources you use.
Sound strange? I thought so, too. Someone at Slashdot discovered the patent application over the weekend. Here's how Microsoft explains the logic:
"The current business model for computer hardware and software relies on a user purchasing a computer with hardware and software that is suited to the most demanding applications that the user expects to encounter. Therefore, a user may buy a multi-core processor with a significant amount of memory and advanced video support for gaming applications that are only used on the weekend, while the user's day-in, day-out activities may involve little more than word processing or web-browsing."
Microsoft's plan would give you a computer, then, that had powerful capabilities — but the hardware would only see its full potential when you anted up for the high-end hourly plan. Likewise, the software would only show when it was part of the package you purchased at any given moment. You might pay anywhere from $0.80 an hour for a simple "browsing bundle" to $1.15 an hour for a "homework bundle," or $1.25 an hour for the more intense "gaming bundle" of resources.
Microsoft says it may even apply the concept to other areas of technology — things like GPS systems, for example. You'd get the device's nonfunctioning body, then be billed by the hour based on what you did with it.
In related news, that hooker from downtown has filed an intellectual property lawsuit against Microsoft.