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C&R License? Does anyone know about these?
Posted 21 October 2008 - 06:46 PM
According to the site, you can purchase from CMP without the shooting qualifications with this license. This is my concern, being I do not belong to ANY gun club or shooting range of the sort (i just have my NJ Firearm ID card), and yet I would still like to purchase from CMP down the road.
Do you guys this it would be worth getting a C&R license? WHAT DO YOU ALL THINK ABOUT THIS? does anyone have one of these?
And the big question... with this license, would one be able to own a Carbine in the wonderful state of New Jersey if it is original and date prior to 1958, as the site states? (i know, i know, NJ gunlaws suck. once again, i am NOT trying to put down my home state or anything, i am just seeking as much info as possible)
Thanks in advanced!! http://www.usmilitar...tyle_emoticons/default/thumbsup.gif
Here is the site...
Posted 21 October 2008 - 10:12 PM
I know my C&R has paid for its self over and over. I saved way more than $30 on my first order.
How this applies to NJ laws I have no clue. Perhaps its time to your local gun store or local police for some answers.
Edited by Cowboy5995, 21 October 2008 - 10:16 PM.
Posted 22 October 2008 - 02:57 AM
Posted 22 October 2008 - 03:28 AM
As others have mentioned I'd ask someone in NJ who is familiar with its gun laws as to whether or not a C&R would satisfy the carbine rules.
Posted 22 October 2008 - 04:12 AM
Also it is my understanding that M1 Carbines are classified as an illegal Assault Weapon under NJ Law. A permit to purchase can be obtained but an applicant must qualify for a carry permit and show that public safety and welfare requires issuance (very difficult to obtain). However they can be stored out of state. Unlawful possession is a third degree crime with up to 5 years in jail and $7500,00 in fines.
NJ and CA are in desperate need of political cleansing... http://www.usmilitar...tyle_emoticons/default/mad.gif
Posted 22 October 2008 - 05:54 AM
Membership satisfies the shooting qualifications / shooting club membership qualifications for the CMP. The GCA forwards its membership roles monthly to the CMP, and your membership number is all you will need. GCA membership will not restrict you to only purchasing a Garand from CMP either.
Membership is only $25 annually, and you get the quarterly "GCA Journal" to boot. Membership is worth it just for the journal and contact with other collectors.
However, if you really want to purchase other C&R eligible firearms, the the C&R liscense is worth it. Be aware though that, as "mrhell" says, there are some legal requirements vis-a-vis records keeping that you must maintain. The records are subject to audit at any time during your license period. It may be more than you want to deal with. (Although I've never had a problem with BATF or heard of anyone else that has, either, in regards to the records keeping.)
For just a CMP purchase, I'd go with the GCA membership. You can let it lapse after the single year you make you purchase(s) from the CMP. No records keeping required!
Posted 23 October 2008 - 11:29 PM
Posted 24 October 2008 - 04:04 AM
Eligibilty Requirements for Purchase
By law, the CMP can sell surplus military firearms, ammunition, parts and other items only to members of CMP affiliated clubs who are also U.S. citizens, over 18 years of age and who are legally eligible to purchase a firearm.
A small number of crated rifles
Proof of U.S. Citizenship:
You must provide a copy of a U.S. birth certificate, passport, proof of naturalization, or any official government document that shows birth in the U.S. or states citizenship as U.S.
Proof of Age:
You must provide proof of age. Usually proof of citizenship also provides proof of age. In those cases where it may not, a drivers license is sufficient.
Membership in CMP Affiliated Organization:
You must provide a copy of your current membership card or other proof of membership. This requirement cannot be waived. The CMP currently has over 2,000 affiliated organizations located in many parts of the country.
Membership in many of these organizations costs $25.00 or less and can be accomplished online. A listing of affiliated organizations can be found by clicking on our Club Search web page at http://clubs.odcmp.c.../clubSearch.cgi. If you have any difficulty in locating a club, please contact the CMP at 256-835-8455 or by emailing CMP Customer Service. We will find one for you. In addition to shooting clubs, the CMP also has several special affiliates. Membership in these organizations satisfies our requirement for purchase. These special affiliates include: Congressionally chartered veterans' organizations such as the VFW, AL, DAV, MCL, etc. U.S. Military services (active or reserves), National Guard, to include retirees. Professional 501©3 law enforcement organizations and associations such as the FOP, NAPO, NSA, etc.
Note: Club membership IS required for purchase of rifles, parts, and ammunition.
Club membership is NOT required for instructional publications or videos or CMP memorabilia.
Marksmanship or other Firearms Related Activity:
You must provide proof of participation in a marksmanship related activity or otherwise show familiarity with the safe handling of firearms and range procedures. Your marksmanship related activity does not have to be with highpower rifles; it can be with smallbore rifles, pistols, air guns or shotguns. Proof of marksmanship participation can be provided by documenting any of the following:
- Current or past military service.
- Current or past law enforcement service
- Participation in a rifle, pistol, air gun or shotgun competition (provide copy of results bulletin).
- Completion of a marksmanship clinic that included live fire training (provide a copy of the certificate of completion or a statement from the instructor).
- Distinguished, Instructor, or Coach status.
- Concealed Carry License.
- Firearms Owner Identification Cards that included live fire training.
- FFL or C&R license.
- Completion of a Hunter Safety Course that included live fire training.
- Certification from range or club official or law enforcement officer witnessing shooting activity. A form for use in completing and certifying your range firing can be downloaded from the CMP web site at http://www.odcmp.com...arksmanship.pdf
No proof of marksmanship required if over age 60. proof of club membership and citizenship required for all ages.
NOTE: Proof of marksmanship activity is not required for purchase of ammunition, parts, publications or memorabilia.
Be Legally Eligible to Purchase a Firearm:
The information you supply on your application will be submitted by the CMP to the FBI National Instant Criminal Check System (NICS) to verify you are not prohibited by Federal, State or Local law from acquiring or possessing a rifle. Your signature on the Purchaser Certification portion of the purchase application authorizes the CMP to initiate the NICS check and authorizes the FBI to inform CMP of the result. IMPORTANT: If your State or locality requires you to first obtain a license, permit, or Firearms Owner ID card in order to possess or receive a rifle, you must enclose a photocopy of your license, permit, or card with the application for purchase.
Order Form and Purchaser Certification and Agreement:
Order forms and other required documents may be downloaded from http://www.odcmp.com.../1orderform.pdf. For those customers who receive our hard-copy catalog, we recommend they make several copies of the blank form for use in placing future orders. Customers should complete both the Order Form and the Purchaser Certification and Agreement and sign it before a notary. Orders received without notarized signature will not be processed.
Repeat Customers:
In the summer of 2003, the CMP revised the purchase forms and streamlined procedures for repeat customers. If you complete a new Universal Purchaser Certification and Agreement to buy a rifle from the CMP, signed before a Notary Public on or after July 1, 2003, you may for a period of three (3) years thereafter submit an application to purchase additional rifles, parts or ammunition without having the Purchaser Certification and Agreement notarized - provided that the SHIP TO address on the order form remains exactly the same.
Although for repeat orders you will not have to have the forms notarized, hard copy liability/order/certification forms pages 1a,2a,and 3a must still be completed and sent to the CMP with original (wet) signatures. These orders may not be faxed or emailed.
After three years a new notarized Universal Purchaser Certification and Agreement will be required for any additional rifle purchase. Any change of address on the order form automatically will require a new notarized Universal Purchaser Certification and Agreement.
Please note that this streamlined procedure is available only to customers who have completed a notarized Universal Purchaser Certification and Agreement. An application submitted on an earlier form (dated before summer 2003) will still be processed by CMP, but for that transaction only; it will not be accepted for repeat sales.
Proof of citizenship, age, CMP-affiliated club membership and competitive shooting participation, and any copy of any license, permit, or Firearms Owner ID card required by your State or locality submitted with your initial Universal application will be kept on file by the CMP. If any item of proof above has expired, you must submit proof of current status with any subsequent application.
Posted 24 October 2008 - 08:50 AM
I have to mention that I couldn't possibly be happier with my CMP M1. Some people regard them as 'so-so', which is not my experience with any of the CMP rifles I've fired handled or seen, and I can't help but wonder- is this reputation with some folks just because the prices seem low compared to other places?
My Service Grade SA from 1944 with the 1946 barrel cost me 600 bucks from the CMP. People sometimes think from the price the barrel was shot out or it was a re-weld or something.
It's not And the CMP really stands behind their sales. My bullet guide was bent, making loading a clip difficult, and my trigger guard had a little side to side play in it and I didn't like the look of the lugs. But the rifle worked fine.
I called the CMP and they shipped me a replacement bullet guide and trigger guard for nothing, not even postage. I can't say that private sellers or gunshops would stand behind a sale like that
Posted 24 October 2008 - 10:33 AM
I had forgotten that the C&R was filling the requirement for the "marksmanship or other related activity". I knew it was a way to get a rifle but I had forgotten what requirement it fulfilled- the "other related activity" part slipped my mind!
I have to mention that I couldn't possibly be happier with my CMP M1. Some people regard them as 'so-so', which is not my experience with any of the CMP rifles I've fired handled or seen, and I can't help but wonder- is this reputation with some folks just because the prices seem low compared to other places?
My Service Grade SA from 1944 with the 1946 barrel cost me 600 bucks from the CMP. People sometimes think from the price the barrel was shot out or it was a re-weld or something.
It's not And the CMP really stands behind their sales. My bullet guide was bent, making loading a clip difficult, and my trigger guard had a little side to side play in it and I didn't like the look of the lugs. But the rifle worked fine.
I called the CMP and they shipped me a replacement bullet guide and trigger guard for nothing, not even postage. I can't say that private sellers or gunshops would stand behind a sale like that
Going by what I have read in this forum, I would deff buy from CMP not only because their prices are good, but mainly their reputation. I read here that CMP checks all guns, test fires, ect. I would do business with them in a NY minute. then again i would also buy from an independent seller/collector too depending on condition of rifle, ect.
Posted 24 October 2008 - 11:30 AM
Posted 24 October 2008 - 11:48 AM
Is it $30 or $35 for the three year C&R license?
The C&R site says $30 for the 3 year
Posted 24 October 2008 - 10:52 PM
Posted 25 October 2008 - 04:45 AM
I was under the impression that one doesn't need a C&R license in order to purchase from CMP.
Your impression is 100% correct
An excerpt:
"Proof of marksmanship participation can be provided by documenting any of the following:
- Current or past military service.
- Current or past law enforcement service
- Participation in a rifle, pistol, air gun or shotgun competition (provide copy of results bulletin).
- Completion of a marksmanship clinic that included live fire training (provide a copy of the certificate of completion or a statement from the instructor).
- Distinguished, Instructor, or Coach status.
- Concealed Carry License.
- Firearms Owner Identification Cards that included live fire training.
- FFL or C&R license.
- Completion of a Hunter Safety Course that included live fire training.
- Certification from range or club official or law enforcement officer witnessing shooting activity. "
You need one of the above; not all of the above. C&R can satisfy th criteria but it is not a requirement
Interestingly, the only current qualification I have is my C&R even though I have a Class A high capacity pistol permit- my city will not issue a concealed carry license to me. I think "managing to get your Class A high cap in Boston" should satisfy the "proof in marksmanship participation" after the hoops I went through! Although since I had to go to the Boston Police range and qualify there, I guess I can argue that law enforcement witnessed my shooting activity and did document it by recommending issuance of my Class A... hmmm.
Edited by Chris_B, 25 October 2008 - 04:52 AM.
Posted 25 October 2008 - 04:48 AM
I was under the impression that one doesn't need a C&R license in order to purchase from CMP.
You'll need to re-read the "Marksmanship or other Firearms Related Activity" section in an earlier post. You do not need a C&R license to purchase rifles, it's just one of many options that meet one of the requirements.
Posted 25 October 2008 - 04:50 AM
Posted 25 October 2008 - 05:01 AM
Posted 25 October 2008 - 05:12 AM
Posted 25 October 2008 - 05:45 AM
Coffee? That sounds suspiciously like "breakfast". That meal and I have never seen eye to eye. I can't decide if I'm going shooting today or not, but I need to haul my lazy butt off this chair. See you guys around!
LOL.... Chris, I can relate to such difficult decisions and here's what I do in such situations.
First I get away from the PC and while loading my truck with 3 or 4 randomly picked rifles and ammo to match, I go think things over and make plans for the day while I'm shooting. The results are I always have a GREAT day regardless of what I end up doing (or not doing) later on. http://www.usmilitar...tyle_emoticons/default/w00t.gif
Posted 25 October 2008 - 05:17 PM
Posted 25 October 2008 - 07:19 PM
Well, you'll be happy to know I was shooting my M1911A1 and my M1 Garand today. And yes, it was a good day!
well jeez! rub it in our faces some more! http://www.usmilitar...tyle_emoticons/default/thumbsup.gif im sure it was a good day. Heck just seeing a garand and 1911 in the same day is a good day http://www.usmilitar...tyle_emoticons/default/thumbsup.gif
Posted 28 October 2008 - 09:29 AM
Posted 29 October 2008 - 09:29 AM
... you open yourself up to no warrant inspections by both the feds and NJ state police at any time. ....
No-warrant seearches at any time??? Since when did the Fourth Amendment to the United States' Constitution get suspended? (Obamma's not in office yet!) For what it's worth, I hear the same thing said about machinegun ownership..."It'll open up your home to random searches and checks." It doesn't.
I can't speak directly to New Jersey law, but as for federal law, having an FFL, C&R or otherwise, does not negate your Constitutional rights to privacy as protected by the Fourth Amendment. By holding an FFL you agree to one compliance inspection per year wherein the BATF auditor (not a Special Agent...if they show up, you've likely bigger problems than simple records keeping errors) will check your invnetory against your A&D books (A&D=Acquisition and Disposition.)
The nice thing about having a C&R FFL is that as a C&R FFL-holder though, you have the option of having your compliance inspection at the nearest BATF field office instead of your home if you prefer. A manufacturer or dealer does not have that option/luxury. Furthermore, and for the record, a compliance inspection is definitely not the same thing as a search. A compliance audit does not give the BATF the right or authority to go through your house, your gun safe, or even to look at any C&R firearms not acquired as a licensee, nor any non-C&R firearms.
Perhaps New Jersey requires an FFL-holder to submit to a state-level compliance audit...I don't know. But if they do I can't imagine they'd demand unfettered, on-demand access to one's home, and if so, I'd be interested in seeing not only the relevant section of the New Jersey state code that would permit/authorize this, but also some supportive case law.
That said, one thing that is true is that having a C&R FFL (or any FFL for that matter) does not negate state law. You're correct that holding a valid C&R FFL won't let you skirt state firearms' laws/restrictions/prohibitions any more than the '34 NFA would allow you to own a machinegun in a state that prohibits them.
While a C&R FFL may or may not be of much value to the New Jersey firearms collector (it's up to the individual to decide if it'd be of any value, regardless of their stae of residence) spreading confusion and misconceptions about unwarrranted searches isn't going to help him make up his mind.
EDIT: By the way, I've held a C&R FFL for many years now and never been audited, nor do I know of anyone who has been (other than the internet rumors of "a friend of my uncle's boss's cousin's girlfriend was audited.")
Edited by Bill in VA, 29 October 2008 - 09:30 AM.
Posted 29 October 2008 - 10:26 AM
jhs1970426, a few years ago I asked Evan Nappen, who is considered the top firearms lawyer in the state of New Jersey about getting a C & R license. His response was that he highly recommended that I DON'T get one, especially in the State of New Jersey. He told me that the license has few advantages in our state and what you give up in rights was not worth the advantages you gain. The license grants you NO privileges to own weapons that are banned under New Jersey state law (such as an M1 carbine) and you open yourself up to no warrant inspections by both the feds and NJ state police at any time. After considering it and talking to some NJ C & R license holders, I did not apply for one. Most of the NJ C & R holders I asked have since given up their license for the reasons I mentioned.
That makes sense Orgone, Seems like there are more headaches then advantages. I have read everyones input and have been online reading other forums about this. I do not need the police coming into my neighborhood and searching my house just because i have some card that allows me to collect antique firearms, warrant or not. this is something I do not need happening in my home. I already gave up the privacy right when applying for the FID card and filling out all that dam paper work AND waiting about 3 months for a response. This is a headache that i do not need. I appreciate all the input on this. I am just going to stick with my FID card and my little 10/22 rifle and then worry about the NEXT BIG HEADACHE, getting a Pitsol permit and M1911 down the road, later on.
Posted 29 October 2008 - 12:26 PM
For those who do not live in NJ or CA, let me assure you that obtaining a curio and relic license is about as much of a headache as getting a drivers license.... (only there is no driving test). Although this is a personal choice and to each their own, I would like to offer those out there considering to apply for a C&R accurate information which has a much lower "fear factor".
Basically, the advantages of being licensed is you can have out of state, C&R firearms shipped directly to your house without going through a local dealer. Also if you buy such an arm from a local dealer, there is no background check; you just give them a signed copy of your license and that's it. In addition, most suppliers (such as Brownell's, Midway, etc.), offer discounts of 10% or more on products.
In my area most dealers charge anywhere from $35-$50 or more to transfer a firearm to an individual. The cost of a C&R license is $30 for a three year period; renewals are also $30 for three years. So if you have an interest in older firearms (50 years or older), and think you may buy more than one over the next three years, then perhaps a C&R license is for you. You will be saving money just on the first transfer alone, let alone if you buy more including supplies.
If you are worried about big brother "noticing" you because you hold a C&R, then consider all your past firearm purchases and tax form information.... too late, you are already on their radar. Your main obligation for being licensed is to simply keep record of only C&R firearms; who you buy them from and who you sell them too. Again, this only applies to C&R eligible arms, not that 20 year old shotgun you just bought at the gun show. If you decide not to renew your license, you are NOT required to keep any records and can destroy them if you want.
As for audits, the BATF may request to review your C&R records. They must give you advanced notice and cannot just show up at your door requesting this. Also, YOU have the option to visit your local field office if preferred. Lesson here is just keep accurate records, follow the rules and there will not be a problem. If you worried that your house will be raided, they can do that to anyone if provoked.
Applying is easy, simply request the forms via the web. Fill out two copies, one copy gets mailed to the BATF with your $30 check, the other gets mailed to your local law enforcement officer (i.e. Sheriff). Each form has 4 pages I believe, nothing major at all. Also, the local copy is simply an FYI for them and there is no local requirement to meet. It can take anywhere from one to six months to receive your license and you can start making copies and use it right away. You always use and sign copies; never the original.
That's it in a nut shell guys. It's really not a big deal and can really save you time and money. For more information visit:
Type 03 - COLLECTOR OF CURIOS AND RELICS.
(pertains exclusively to firearms classified as curios and relics, and it's purpose is to facilitate a personal collection. It is NOT a license to buy and sell curios and relics. 18 U.S.C 923(
Fee: $30.00 for three (3) years.
Application: ATF Form 7 CR (5310.16)
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The present invention pertains to a filter cartridge that has a window through which an ESLI may be viewed. The window provides a cone of visibility so that the viewer cannot see the ESLI from an angle that could provide an erroneous reading.
Filter cartridges are commonly attached to respirator mask bodies to filter air before it is inhaled by the respirator wearer. Examples of respirator filter cartridges are shown in the following U.S. Pat. No. 7,320,722B2 to Mittelstadt et al., U.S. Pat. No. 7,419,526 to Greer et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 6,277,178 to Holmquist-Brown et al.
Some filter cartridges have an end-of-service-life-indicator, or ESLI, that provides a visible color-change signal to the respirator wearer. This visible signal (sometimes referred to as the "response signal") indicates when the filter cartridge has met the end of its useful life. Examples of cartridges that use ESLIs are described in the following U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,497,756, 4,530,706, 4,326,514, and 4,154,586. In each of these products, the filter cartridges are provided with a transparent sidewall or a shell through which the ESLI may be viewed. ESLI colorimetric sensors often exhibit a different color, depending on the angle from which the sensor is viewed. When a person does not view the ESLI normal to its positioning on the filter cartridge, there is an opportunity for the viewer to misread the indicator. A misread indicator could cause the wearer of the respirator to replace the filter cartridge too early or too late. Known filter cartridges have allowed the viewer to see the ESLI from angles of about 180° and accordingly have not addressed the issue of potential misread indicators.
The present invention provides a new filter cartridge that comprises: (a) a filter material; (b) an end-of-service-life-indicator (ESLI); (c) a cartridge housing into which the filter material and ESLI are disposed; (d) a window through which the ESLI may be viewed, the window being configured such that the ESLI can only be seen through the window within a cone defined by an angle θ of 20 to 60 degrees.
As indicated above, known filter cartridges have used sensors that are visible through the cartridge housing sidewall. These known filter cartridges have not, however, also provided a window that is configured to enable viewing only from a selected range of angles. Present invention recognizes the problem presented by known filter cartridges that contain ESLIs and provides a solution. The solution involves providing a window that is configured such that the ESLI may only be viewed through a code of visibility that is defined by an angle omega of 20 to 60°. Outside this range of visibility the viewer cannot see the ESLI and therefore cannot see a color other than the color desired to be seen when the sensor is viewed perpendicular to its planar configuration.
In this document:
"clean air" means a volume of atmospheric ambient air that has been filtered to remove contaminants;
"contaminants" means gases, vapors, and particles (including dusts, mists, and fumes) and/or other substances that generally may not be considered to be gases, vapors, or particles but which may be present in air and harmful to a person;
"end-of-service-life-indicator" or "ESLI" means a device that is capable of providing a person with information pertaining to when a filter may no longer be suitable for use due to partial or full exhaustion of the filtering capacity;
"extension" means the condition of significantly increasing size beyond a typical configuration;
"exterior gas space" means the ambient atmospheric gas space into which exhaled gas enters after passing through and beyond the mask body and/or exhalation valve;
"filter cartridge" means a structure that is primarily designed to house a filter material or filter media and that is adapted for connection to a mask body of a personal respiratory protection device;
"filter material" or "filter media" means a structure or combination of parts or elements adapted to provide clear air;
"housing" means a structure or combination of parts that is fashioned for containing another item;
"integral" means that the parts in question are made together at the same time and are not two separate parts subsequently brought together;
"interior gas space" means the space between a mask body and a person's face;
"juxtaposed" or "juxtapositioned" means placed in a general side-by-side relationship but not necessarily in contact with each other;
"mask" (when not referring to a "mask body" means having the ability to restrict the view of an object on the opposing side of the mask;
"opaque" means restricting the passage of visible light significantly more than something that is transparent;
"pane" means a planar transparent area of a window which may or may not be permeable to air;
"registration position" means the desired position of the window to provide the appropriate response signal;
"response signal" means the viewable indication that tells the viewer that the time to replace the filter cartridge has arrived;
"sorbent" means a material that is capable of capturing, occluding, or altering a contaminant through absorption, adsorption, chemisorption, decomposition, reaction, catalysis, or other suitable means;
"transparent" means that visible light can pass therethrough sufficiently to see the desired image on the opposing side of the structure modified by the word "transparent"; and
"window" means a structure that provides the ability for a person to see through.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a respirator 10 in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a filter cartridge 12 in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a cross-section of the filter cartridge 12 shown in FIG. 2 taken along lines 3-3.
FIG. 4 is a rear view of the filter cartridge 12 shown in FIGS. 1-3.
FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-section of the housing 22 and the cover extension 36.
FIG. 6 is a cross-section of an ESLI 60.
FIG. 1 shows a respirator 10 that has filter cartridges 12 that can be secured to opposing sides of the mask body 14. The mask body 14 is fashioned to snugly fit on a wearer's face. To this end, the respirator 10 includes a harness 16 for drawing the mask body 14 towards the wearer's face. The harness 16 may include one or more straps 18 for this purpose. The straps 18 may be joined to the mask body 14 and may be adjusted in length through use of buckles 20. The filter cartridges 12 may be attached to the mask body 14 by bayonet attachments 21, threading means, or any other suitable means for securing the cartridge 12 to the mask body 14. The filter cartridges 12 have a housing 22 and a cover 24, which contain a filter media for filtering ambient air that is drawn into the mask interior through the filter cartridge 12. Air that is exhaled by the user passes from the interior gas space to the exterior gas space through the exhalation valve 25.
FIGS. 2-4 illustrate that the filter cartridges 12 may include a housing 22 that has a sidewall 26 that extends from a first perimeter 28 to a second perimeter 30. The cover 24 may include an air throughput surface 32 and a securement flange 34 located along a periphery of the cover 24. The cover 24 may be secured to the sidewall 26 at the housing perimeter 28. The cover 24 may further include an opaque extension 36 that includes a window 38 located therein. The window 38 allows an end-of-service-life-indicator (ESLI) 40 to be seen therethrough. The window 38 may have an opaque frame 39 located thereabout to draw attention to the window and to encourage ESLI viewing 90 degrees to the indicator. The extension 36 may be made opaque through selection of materials that comprise the cover, for example, plastic resin or dye choice or through printing an opaque medium on the inner or outer surface of the extension 36. The whole extension 36 does not need to be opaque in order for the extension 36 to be deemed opaque. Only, for example, a portion sufficient to define the window needs to be opaque. Thus, at least some part of the extension 36 is opaque; other portions may be transparent. The extension 36 may extend away from the securement flange 34 of the cover 24 such that it resides over a substantial portion of the depth of the whole housing sidewall 26. Alternatively, the extension 36 may extend from the securement flange 34 on only one or two segments 37 of the flange 34. Thus, first and second extensions may be provided over opposing portions 41, 41′ (FIG. 4) of the housing sidewall 26. The extension 36 may be configured to be about 3 to 6 centimeters (cm) long by about 1 to 2 cm wide (depth). In providing a window pane in the housing sidewall 26, the sidewall may be transparent throughout much of its whole surface or only in the vicinity of the ESLI 40 so that a person looking through the window 38 does not have an obstructed view of the ESLI 40. The ESLI may be juxtapositioned against an inner surface of the housing sidewall 26. The window 38 thus may have a first pane located in the opaque extension 36 and a second pane located in the housing sidewall 26. The first window pane may be an open pane that permits air transfer, whereas the second pane may be a solid pane impermeable to gas transfer. Additionally, a plurality of windows 38 may be used in one or more extensions to allow a plurality of ESLIs to also be used, whereby each ESLI addresses a different contaminant such as acid gases, ammonia, formaldehyde, and organic vapors or a different organic vapor contaminant concentration—see U.S. patent application Ser. No. 61/180,492, entitled Multilayer Colorimetric Sensor Arrays filed on the same day as this patent application. The window pane(s) when viewed normal thereto may take on a variety of shapes in addition to circular, for example, rectangular, elliptical, triangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, heptagonal, octagonal, etc.
During filter cartridge use, ambient air travels through a series of intake ports 43 located in the air throughput surface 32. This air then passes through the filter material 42 where contaminants present in the ambient air are removed. In passing through the filter material 42, the air first enters the filter material 42 at first major surface 45 and exits it at second major surface 47. After passing through the filter material 42, the air may enter a plenum 44 juxtaposed against the base 46 of the filter cartridge 12. Air present in the plenum 44 then passes through the filter cartridge exit port 48. The filtered air may then enter the interior gas space of the mask body 14 where it may be inhaled by the respirator wearer. As the air travels through the filter cartridge, contaminants that are present in the air interact with the ESLI. Once a sufficient concentration of contaminants has interacted with the ESLI, it will change color. The color change may be in the form of a gradient, and therefore it may be desirable to mask off the color changes that are not needed to be seen. Accordingly, the window 38 provided for this purpose must be appropriately positioned along the sidewall 26 of the housing 22. The positioning of the window 38 may depend on the particular ESLI that is being used, the active particulate, the location of the ESLI and active particulate within the filter cartridge 12, and governmental (e.g. NIOSH) requirements. The window registration position may be disposed axially in the y dimension of the cartridge between the first and second major surfaces 45, 47 of the filter material 42. In some embodiments, the registration position may be located approximately midway between the first and second major surfaces 45, 47 of the filter material 42, whereas in other embodiments the registration position may be disposed axially closer to the second major surface 47 than the first major surface 45.
Some ESLIs may appear to have a different color when not viewed 90 degrees from the indicator. To preclude reader error from such non-normal viewing and to allow for sufficient visibility of the indicator, the window, as shown in FIG. 5, is preferably configured so that the ESLI only can be viewed through a cone of visibility defined by an angle omega θ that is about 20 to 70 degrees, typically about 30 to 60 degrees, and still more typically about 45 to 55 degrees. Angle θ is the angle between a line 51 that extends normal from the window to a line 53 offset laterally from that line 51 to where the ESLI can no longer be seen through the window 38. The window typically will have a diameter d of about 2 to 10 millimeters (mm), more commonly about 3 to 5 mm. The thickness t of the window may be from about 1.2 to 12 mm, more typically about 3 to 6 mm. The ratio of window thickness t to window diameter d (aspect ratio) typically is about 0.1 to 6, more typically 0.5 to 3, and still more typically about 1 to 1.5. The surface or open area of the window typically is about 3 to 1000 mm2, more commonly 7 to 20 mm2. The cover extension 36 preferably is integral to the cover 24 so that the masking feature can be provided at the same time that the cover 24 is manufactured. A reference indicator 52, which has a shape similar to the shape of the window pane on the opaque extension 36, may be placed on the extension 36 adjacent to the window 38 so that the wearer can identify the particular color, hue, and/or reflectivity of the ESLI, which indicates the need to change the filter cartridge.
In manufacturing a filter cartridge in connection with the present invention, the filter cartridge housing, filter media, and cover may be manufactured using presently-known or later developed techniques. The filter cartridge housing and cover may be made using a injection molding operations. A first scrim 54 may be positioned at the top of the plenum 44 before introducing the filter material 42. The filter material 42 may be a filter material that removes gaseous or vapor contaminants and that comprises active particulate that is capable of sorbing one or more undesired contaminants. The sorptive media may include a variety of active particulate such as activated carbon and alumina. U.S. Pat. No. 7,309,513 to Brey et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,696,199 to Senkus et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,496,785 to Abler et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 5,078,132 to Braun et al., for example, describe various types of active particulate that could be used in connection with the present invention. The active particulate may be in the form of a packed or bonded bed—see, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,033,465 to Braun et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 6,391,429 to Senkus. The ESLI 40 may be placed against the inner surface of the housing sidewall 26 before active particulate introduction. The ESLI needs to be properly positioned relative to the y dimension so that the appropriate color change is seen through the window 38 when the filter service life has ended. Small deviations in positioning along the y axis can result in large differences in the response signal. A second scrim 56 may be placed on the upstream surface 45 of the filter material 42. The upstream scrim 56 may comprise a suitable fibrous medium that helps retain the active particulate in place and provides a low pressure drop thereacross and helps adequately distribute the air that passes through it. Examples of materials that may be used for scrims 54 and 56 include nonwoven polyesters and nonwoven polypropylenes such as spunbond webs. After the filter material 42 and scrims 54 and 56 have been properly positioned in the cartridge housing 22, the cartridge cover 24 may be secured to the housing sidewall 26. The securement may be achieved at flange 34, for example, by mechanical, chemical, or physical means including welding or adhesive bonding, or any other suitable means. When the cover 24 is positioned on the housing 22 such that the filter cartridge 12 is properly assembled, the window 38 will be in its proper registration position. The invention thus allows such registration to be achieved using manufacturing techniques that are commonplace in the industry and that enable consistent reproducible positioning of the window.
ESLIs that may be used in connection with the present invention preferably are passive sensors that absorb or adsorb gas vapors that are desired to be filtered from the air. The ESLI may be essentially any known or later developed device (passive or active) that is capable of providing the proper indication to the respirator wearer that the filter has met the end of its useful life. Examples of passive end-of-service-life-indicators have been described in U.S. Patent Publications 2000/0063575A1 and 2008/0063874A1 to Rakow et al. ESLIs that may be employed include those that respond to organic vapors, reactive gases such as acidic (for example, SO2, Cl2, HCl, HCN, HF, H2S and oxides of nitrogen) and basic gases (for example, ammonia, methylamine), and cynogen chloride and formaldehyde.
As shown in FIG. 6, these end-of-service-life-indicators 60 may comprise a thin film multi-layer construction that can sorb a vapor of interest flowing from the gas inlet to the gas outlet of the respirator filter cartridge. Such passive ESLIs typically contain a porous detection layer 62, a semi-reflective layer 64, and a reflective layer 66. The porous detection layer 62 has a thickness that will change in the presence of a particular vapor. The semi-reflective layer 64 is viewable from the outside of the ESLI and is generally not permeated by the vapor. The reflective layer 66 is generally permeable to the vapor and is in sufficient proximity to the filter media such that the vapor can pass through the reflective layer into the detection layer 62 and change the detection layer optical thickness sufficiently to cause a visibly discernible change in the indicator appearance as viewed through the semi-reflective layer 64.
An ESLI that is used in connection with the present invention may be rigid or flexible. It can be secured to the housing cartridge interior by various means such as adhesive, physical, packing techniques, or mechanical engagement. Flexible indicators desirably are sufficiently bendable without fracturing so that they can be made using one or more roll processing steps.
The ESLI may include an optional substrate 68 such as glass or a flexible plastic film that may be handled in one or more roll processing steps. The substrate desirably has sufficiently low vapor permeability so that the vapor(s) of interest will not be transmitted into or out of the ESLI detection layer. A porous substrate may be placed between the reflective layer and the sorbent media. For example, vapors of interest could be allowed to pass from the sorbent media through the permeable substrate and reflective layer and thence into the detection layer. The overall thickness of the ESLI (excluding a substrate) may be about 0.5 to 2 micrometers (μm).
The semi-reflective and reflective layers each may be made from a variety of materials that provide diffuse or preferably specular light reflection and that can cooperate when appropriately spaced apart to provide a readily visibly perceptible indicator appearance change. Suitable semireflective and reflective layer materials include metals such as aluminum, chromium, gold, nickel, silicon, silver, palladium, platinum, titanium and alloys containing such metals; metal oxides such as chrome oxide, titanium oxide and aluminum oxide; and the multilayer optical films (including birefringent multilayer optical films) described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,699,188 (Gilbert et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 5,882,774 (Jonza et al.) and U.S. Pat. No. 6,049,419 (Wheatley et al.), and PCT Published Application No. WO 97/01778 (Ouderkirk et al.). The semireflective and reflective layers may be the same or different. Metal nanoparticle coatings (e.g., metal nanoparticle inks) may be employed to form the reflective layer, as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/530,619 entitled Permeable Nanoparticle Reflector.
The semireflective layer is less reflective than the reflective layer and transmits some incident light. The semireflective layer may, for example, have a physical thickness of about 2 to about 50 nanometers (nm), light transmission at 500 nm of about 20 to about 80%, and reflectance at 500 nm of about 80 to about 20%. The semireflective layer may itself be impermeable to vapor (and if so desirably is continuous) and optionally coated on or otherwise adjacent to a suitable substrate. The semireflective layer also may be permeable to vapor (and if so may, for example, be discontinuous or semicontinuous) and coated on or otherwise adjacent to a suitably vapor-impermeable substrate. The face of the semireflective layer adjacent the detection layer desirably is flat to within about ±10 nm.
The reflective layer may, for example, have a physical thickness of about 1 to about 500 nm, light transmission at 500 nm of about 0 to about 80%, and reflectance at 500 nm of about 100 to about 20%. The reflective layer preferably is porous, patterned, discontinuous, semicontinuous or otherwise sufficiently permeable so that vapor can pass from the sorbent media through the reflective layer into the detection layer.
The detection layer mixture may be homogeneous or heterogeneous, and may, for example, be made from a mixture of inorganic components, a mixture of organic components, or a mixture of inorganic and organic components. Detection layers made from a mixture of components may provide improved detection of groups of analytes. The detection layer desirably has a range of pore sizes or a surface area selected to provide vapor sorption characteristics like those of the sorbent media. Suitable porosity can be obtained using porous materials such as foams made from high internal phase emulsions, such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,573,305 B1 (Thunhorst et al.). Porosity may also be obtained via carbon dioxide foaming to create a microporous material (see "Macromolecules", 2001, vol. 34, pp. 8792-8801), or by nanophase separation of polymer blends (see "Science", 1999, vol. 283, p. 520). In general, the pore diameters preferably are smaller than the peak wavelength of the desired indicator coloration. Nano-sized pores are preferred, e.g., with average pore sizes of about 0.5 to about 20 nm, 0.5 to about 10 nm, or 0.5 to about 5 nm.
Representative inorganic detection layer materials include porous silica, metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal oxynitrides and other inorganic materials that can be formed into transparent and porous layers of appropriate thickness for producing color or a colorimetric change by optical interference. For example, the inorganic detection layer materials may be silicon oxides, silicon nitrides, silicon oxynitrides, aluminum oxides, titanium oxides, titanium nitride, titanium oxynitride, tin oxides, zirconium oxides, zeolites or combinations thereof. Porous silica is an especially desirable inorganic detection layer material due to its robustness and compatibility with wet etching treatments.
Representative porous silica materials are described in Ogawa et al., Chem. Commun. pp. 1149-1150 (1996), in Kresge et al., Nature, Vol. 359, pp. 710-712 (1992), in Jia et al., Chemistry Letters, Vol. 33(2), pp. 202-203 (2004) and in U.S. Pat. No. 5,858,457 (Brinker et al.). A variety of organic molecules may also be employed as organic templates. For example, sugars such as glucose and mannose may be used as organic templates to generate porous silicates, see Wei et al, Adv. Mater. 1998, Vol. 10, p. 313 (1998).
Representative organic detection layer materials include polymers, copolymers (including block copolymers) and mixtures thereof prepared or preparable from classes of monomers including hydrophobic acrylates and methacrylates, difunctional monomers, vinyl monomers, hydrocarbon monomers (olefins), silane monomers, fluorinated monomers, hydroxylated monomers, acrylamides, anhydrides, aldehyde-functionalized monomers, amine- or amine salt-functionalized monomers, acid-functionalized monomers, epoxide-functionalized monomers and mixtures or combinations thereof U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US 2004/0184948 A1 contains an extensive list of such monomers. The above-mentioned polymers having intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) provide particularly desirable detection layers. PIMs typically are non-network polymers that form microporous solids. Due to their typically highly rigid and contorted molecular structures, PIMs are unable to fill space efficiently, thus providing the disclosed microporous structure. Suitable PIMs include, but are not limited to, polymers disclosed in "Polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs): robust, solution-processable, organic microporous materials," Budd et al., Chem. Commun., 2004, pp. 230-231. Additional PIMs are disclosed in Budd et al., J. Mater. Chem., 2005, 15, pp. 1977-1986, in McKeown et al., Chem. Eur. J. 2005, 11, No. 9, 2610-2620 and in Published PCT application No. WO 2005/012397 A2 (McKeown et al.).
The thickness of the detection layer may also be patterned, for example, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,010,751 (Shaw et al.). The pattern may disappear (for example when a thinner portion swells to the same thickness as a thicker portion) or appear (for example, when a portion shrinks to a lesser thickness than an adjacent portion). When providing a reference indicator that would allow the wearer to easily identify when the trip point has been reached, the detection layer thickness can be altered to achieve an appearance that is identical to the tripping point of the ESLI. Alternatively, an ESLI reference that is structurally identical to the ESLI that would be seen through the window of the present invention can be forced to its response signal and preserved in that condition. Or the detection layer may be made thicker so that the reference ESLI displays the desired response signal. This preserved ESLI may be placed on the exterior of the filter cartridge as a reference indicator so that a comparison can be made between it and the image seen through the window. When the ESLI that is seen through the window appears to be the same as the reference indicator, the wearer knows that the filter cartridge has met the end of its service life. It is also possible to print a reference color that matches or approximates the end state of the sensor using an appropriate dye or pigment.
The ESLI may include additional layers or elements if desired. For example, a porous layer of sorbent-loaded composite (e.g., a web of activated carbon particles ensconced in a matrix of fibrillated PTFE such as is described in the above-mentioned U.S. Pat. No. 4,208,194) may be placed between the reflective layer and the sorbent media, to homogenize vapors permeating into the indicator or otherwise moderate the indicator response to conditions in the sorbent media. When the ESLI changes to the color or hue that indicates that the filter cartridge should be replaced, the change in such appearance reflects a specified level of sorbent depletion that mandates replacement of the filter cartridge. In other words, the manufacturer of the filter cartridge may adjust the selection of the particular ESLI and the positioning of the window into its registration position such that the particular level of sorbent depletion can be achieved. The selection of the level of sorbent depletion may depend on a variety of factors, including providing a sufficient buffer so that the sorbent is not 100% depleted when the filter cartridge is identified as being needed to be replaced. The level of sorbent depletion may, for example, be identified to provide one to three hours of additional use so that the wearer has adequate time to notice that the ESLI has undergone the color change indicating satisfaction of the response signal or need for cartridge replacement.
The filter cartridge also may include one or more layers of filter media fashioned for removing particulates. Fibrous particulate filters may be used upstream or downstream to the active particulate to remove particulate contaminants from the ambient air. A variety of fibrous webs may be suitable for use as particulate filters. These webs typically are nonwoven fibrous structures that can be made from techniques such as air-laid processes, wet-laid processes, hydro-entanglement, spunbond processes, and meltblown processes such as described in Van A. Wente, Superfine Thermoplastic Fibers, 48 I
Staple fibers also may be combined with the microfibers to improve web loft, that is, to reduce its density. Reducing web density can lower the pressure drop across the web, making it easier for air to pass through the filter. Lower pressure drops are particularly desirable in personal respiratory protection devices because they make the respirator more comfortable to wear. When the pressure drop is lower, less energy is needed to draw air through the filter. A respirator wearer who dons a negative pressure mask—that is a respirator that requires negative pressure from the wearer's lungs to draw air through the filter—does not have to work as hard to breath filtered air. Lower energy requirements also can be beneficial in powered filtering systems to reduce costs associated with powering the fan and to extend the service life of a battery in a battery powered system. In a typical nonwoven fibrous filter, no more than about 90 weight percent staple fibers are present, more typically no more than about 70 weight percent. Often, the remainder of the fibers are microfibers. Examples of webs that contain staple fibers are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,118,531 to Hauser.
Although the present invention has been illustrated using a full-face respirator mask that covers the wearer's nose, mouth, and eyes, the present invention also may be used in conjunction with half-masks that cover only the wearer's nose and mouth. Further, the filter cartridges that are used in connection with the present invention may be permanently or removably attached to the mask body. Additionally, the respirator may have one or more filter cartridges that are attachable to the mask body. The harness also may come in a variety of configurations and may include additional parts such as a crown member to support the respirator on a wearer's head. Accordingly, a variety of embodiments are contemplated by the invention when providing respirator masks that have end-of-life-service-indicators disposed on the filter cartridge.
ESLI Preparation
In a 2.0 liter (L) three-neck round bottomed flask, 33.4357 grams (g) of 3,3,3′,3′-tetramethyl-1,1′-spirobisindane-5,5′,6,6′-tetrol (tetrol) and 19.8016 g of tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile (TFTN) were dissolved in 900 milliliters (mL) of anhydrous N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF). The solution was stirred with a mechanical stirrer, and nitrogen was bubbled through the solution for one hour. To this solution was added 81.4491 g of potassium carbonate. The flask was placed in an oil bath at 68° C. The mixture was stirred at this elevated temperature under a nitrogen atmosphere for 65 hours. The polymerization mixture was poured into 9.0 L of water. The precipitate formed was isolated by vacuum filtration and washed with 600 mL of MeOH. The isolated material was spread out in a pan and allowed to air dry overnight. The solid was placed in ajar and dried under vacuum at 68° C. for 4 hours. The resulting yellow powder was dissolved in 450 mL of THF. This solution was poured slowly into 9.0 L of methanol. The precipitate formed was isolated by vacuum filtration. The isolated material was spread out in a pan and allowed to air dry overnight. The solid was placed in ajar and dried under vacuum at 68° C. for 4 hours. The precipitation in methanol was performed one more time. The resulting dried, bright yellow polymer weighed 42.80 g. Analysis of the polymer by GPC using light scattering detection showed the material to have a Mn of approximately 30,900.
A metalized polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate was prepared by evaporatively depositing a 10 nm-thick Ni metal layer onto Melinex ST505 clear PET. A 4% by weight solution of TFTN-PIM in chlorobenzene was prepared and solution deposited onto the Ni-coated PET by spin coating, to a thickness of approximately 600 nm. A silver nanoparticle layer was solution deposited onto the TFTN-PIM layer using 100 g of stock nanosilver suspension (DGP-40LT-15C from Advanced Nanoproducts, Korea, 40% by weight silver in methanol) diluted with 100 g of 1-methoxy-2-propanol. The silver suspension was spin coated onto the PIM layer. After deposition, the overall sensor construction was heated at 150 degrees C. for 1 hour to sinter the silver nanoparticles. The resulting thin-film indicator had a green appearance when visually observed normally through the clear PET substrate.
Cartridge Assembly
A filter cartridge housing was molded from clear styrene (K-Resin from Chevron-Phillips). A scrim made from Remay™ spunbond polyester (available from Fiberweb of London, United Kingdom) was welded into place in the bottom of the housing. An optical transfer adhesive (3M Optically Clear Adhesive 8172 from 3M Company) was used to adhere the indicator to the transparent inner wall of the housing by making a bond between the PET and the cartridge sidewall. The remaining filtration cartridge volume was then filled with 45.8 g of activated carbon sorbent (GG carbon from Kuraray Corp., at 12×20 mesh size).
A cartridge inlet cover having an extension as shown in FIGS. 1-3 and was made using a rapid-prototype ABS plastic. A second scrim also made from Remay™ spunbond polyester was glued to the inner surface of the cover. The cover-scrim assembly was then sonically welded to the housing, compressing the carbon in the process. The window had a thickness t of about 5 mm, a diameter d of about 4.2 mm, a surface area of about 13.9 mm2, and a cone angle of visibility θ of about 50 degrees. The resulting cartridge exhibited an ESLI that appeared green in color when seen through the window before any exposure. The indicator was out of view when the cartridge was tilted such that the viewer's line of sight was outside angle θ.
This invention may take on various modifications and alterations without departing from its spirit and scope. Accordingly, this invention is not limited to the above-described but is to be controlled by the limitations set forth in the following claims and any equivalents thereof.
This invention also may be suitably practiced in the absence of any element not specifically disclosed herein.
All patents and patent applications cited above, including those in the Background section, are incorporated by reference into this document in total. To the extent there is a conflict or discrepancy between the disclosure in such incorporated document and the above specification, the above specification will control.

subset: commoncrawl


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May 27, 2016 — This week marks the end of an era for Fred Vautour, janitor at Boston College, who sent all five of his children to the university tuition-free as a benefit of his graveyard-shift work. His youngest daughter, Alicia, received her diploma on May 23, ending an 18-year period of Vautour children attending the school.
"To have all five come through is a dream come true," said Vautour, who began working at Boston College in 1994. "I never would have believed it. It's kind of sad because when I started I said I have 18 years of my kids going to college and hopefully they'll all come here. And now it's over." Ever since his first daughter Amy enrolled at BC in 1998, there has always been a Vautour student in attendance.
Dean Susan Gennaro looks on as BC custodian Fred Vautour presents a diploma to his daughter Alicia, the fifth and final one of his children to graduate from the university. (Photo: Lee Pellegrini)
"I think Boston College was always something that we dreamed of but didn't think we could actually go because we couldn't afford it," said Amy Vautour Carney, who graduated from the Lynch School of Education and now works as a fundraiser. "Being a first-generation college student, this whole experience was new for all of us, especially me. To be able to be the first one and have so many follow after is pretty amazing."
Next was John, who graduated in 2004 from the Carroll School of Management. "We can't even think of ways to begin to repay him for his service to us and his loyalty and love to us," said John Vautour, now a software quality manager.
His brother Michael, a 2009 graduate, agreed. "It was great knowing my dad was here," he said. "Every now and then, I would stop by on a Thursday night and hang out with him while he was working."
Tom Vautour, a member of the class of 2011, now works as an IT consultant. "We're so grateful for what our father has done and been through to support his children. He lives for us — that's his motto."
While Fred Vautour's employment opened the door to opportunities for the family, his wife Debbie was always by his side and there for the children. "Fred and I never got to go to college so we're living through them," she said. "Their highs are our highs, and we're with them every step of the way. I can't tell you how big my heart is right now. To see the last one cross the stage is just amazing. I can't tell you how happy I am."
Members of the Vautour family at Alicia's commencement. L-R: Michael '09, John '04, their mother Debbie, Alicia '16, father Fred, Amy '02 and Tom '11. (Photo: Lee Pellegrini)
"I think my parents are the prime example of men and women for others, Jesuit idealism," said Alicia Vautour, who graduated with a degree from the Connell School of Nursing and will sit for her nursing boards this summer. "What he's done for all of us is what BC is all about. … I fully appreciated it and from there just tried to push myself even harder to do well in school." [Sources: Boston College, CBS News, Fox News]


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Blog home
Tuesday, September 18, 2018 | By Chris Robino
Are you confident that you have saved or are saving enough money for retirement? For many Americans, the answer depends on whether or not they have access to a workplace retirement plan (e.g., a traditional pension, 401(k), 403(b), or SIMPLE IRA plan). According to many studies, the problem is that far too few American workers have access to these plans.
Citing data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Trump administration indicates that "23 percent of all private-sector, full-time workers lack access to a workplace retirement plan. That percentage increases to 34 percent when part-time workers are taken into account. Small businesses are less likely to offer retirement benefits. In 2017, approximately 89 percent of workers at private-sector establishments with 500 or more workers were offered a retirement plan compared to only 53 percent for workers at private-sector establishments with fewer than 100 workers."
These statistics illustrate what is commonly referred to as the retirement plan "coverage gap."
Closing the coverage gap has been the focus of many state and federal legislative proposals over the past several years. Adding his voice to the debate, President Trump issued an executive order on August 31 outlining the administration's retirement policy initiatives designed to expand access to workplace retirement plans for American workers. These policy initiatives include the following:
Consistent with these policies, President Trump has directed the Secretary of Labor to consider within six months of the date of the executive order, whether to issue a notice of proposed rulemaking or other guidance to clarify and expand which U.S. employers may sponsor or adopt a MEP. Existing labor regulations require employers to share commonality, or a nexus (e.g., participation in a trade group) other than the plan, in order to be able to participate in a MEP. The President's directive is likely geared toward reconsidering this commonality requirement in an effort to expand MEP access to small employers.
Similarly, President Trump has directed the Secretary of the Treasury to consider, over this same six-month period, whether to propose amended regulations or other guidance designed to address the "one bad apple" rule that is currently in place for MEPs. Existing regulations provide that if one or more employers that have sponsored or adopted a MEP fail to meet qualification requirements under the Internal Revenue Code, then the qualified status of the entire plan, for all employers, may be jeopardized. This "one bad apple" rule is often cited as a burden that hinders the adoption of a MEP by small employers, and the directive appears to be geared at easing or eliminating this hurdle.
Additionally, President Trump has directed the Secretary of the Treasury to work with the Secretary of Labor, within one year, to complete a review of actions that may be taken to make required notices more understandable and useful to participants, while also reducing the costs and administrative burdens the notices impose on plan sponsors and administrators. More importantly, the Secretaries have been directed to explore the potential for broader use of electronic delivery of required notices as a way to improve the effectiveness of the disclosures and reduce their associated costs and burdens, and, if necessary, to consider proposing appropriate regulations or guidance.
Lastly, with regard to RMDs, the Secretary of the Treasury has been directed to examine, over the next six months, the life expectancy and distribution period tables in the RMD regulations and determine whether the tables should be updated to reflect current mortality data.
What does this mean for the retirement industry? All of the initiatives outlined in this executive order are positive developments and are geared toward greater adoption of the plans that we service. In the event that applicable regulations are updated as a result of this executive order, we will likely see greater adoption of MEPs on TRAC, our core recordkeeping platform, and less dependency on printed materials for required notices.
However, it is important to keep in mind that this is just the very beginning of the rulemaking process. Notices of proposed rulemaking, consistent with these initiatives, are likely six months to a year away, and the rulemaking process will include a notice and comment period on the proposed and final regulations.
Therefore, the takeaway here is that the administration has clearly signaled its intent to make changes to applicable regulations and guidance geared toward greater adoption of workplace retirement plans by easing administrative burdens and costs; however, we are still a long way from reaching that goal.
Regardless of when those changes occur, SS&C and DST Retirement Solutions have developed products, services, and solutions necessary to meet our clients' needs. Our core recordkeeping platform, TRAC, already has the services and features required to service MEPs. Our Learning Center enables a digital user experience while our Communications Smart Hub enables delivery of notices and disclosures both electronically and print. More to come.
To learn how we can help you with your retirement servicing needs, please contact us at www.dstsystems.com/sales
SS&C and DST Retirement Solutions , Workplace retirement plan , coverage gap


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About Lori. About the artist.
Since I was a child I have created art. At first, I used rocks, shells and flowers to make forms of art. As I got older I began to make my own jewelry, stationary, and portrait painting. My influences are from experiencing nature, people, and emotion. Today, I mix different textures, mediums, and themes to create one of a kind art.


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Know how 8K Miles' Advanced Multi Factor Authentication Solution (EzMFA) Works
Share This Page
8K Miles' EzMFA, an advanced MFA (earlier referred as Two-Factor Authentication or simply 2FA) solution, is an added layer of security aligned on top of the existing username-password credentials during the authentication phase.
Aligned with Multi Factor Authentication best practices in the industry, EzMFA implements additional layer of security for Enterprise applications and Amazon Web Services (AWS) Managed Services.
EzMFA variants:
1. EzMFA for Enterprise applications
Implements MFA for organization's Enterprise applications (in-house web applications) hosted on Cloud/On-Premise environment.
Supported Authentication Factors:
- Google Authenticator
- SMS / Email OTP
- Facial Recognition
- Fingerprint
- Security Questions
- End user registers for MFA during the first login to Enterprise applications. Optionally, it supports registration of email and mobile number after successful OTP verification.
- Organizations choose admin users' MFA information (email and mobile) to be pre-registered or be a part of regular user flow (during first login).
- Supports updation of user's MFA details for self; provided, the user still possesses the registered authentication factor (i.e., existing email and mobile).
- Admin privileged with the rights to override/reset the MFA details for all Enterprise users.
- Optionally, update of MFA details is enforced by providing the answers for security questions.
2. EzMFA for AWS Managed Services (AWS MFA)
Implements MFA for organization's directory users accessing the AWS Managed Services. i.e., WorkMail, WorkSpaces, etc.
Supported Authentication Factor:
- Google Authenticator
- Apart from AWS Directory users, the EzMFA application supports additional authentication factors (SMS/Email OTP, Facial Recognition, etc.) for protecting application users.
- Supports managing of the EzMFA application users and AWS Directory users' MFA settings from one integrated dashboard.
EzMFA – Unique offerings and benefits
On top of the usual benefits that an enterprise can get from a typical MFA solution, EzMFA additionally provides some unique offerings which stands as the primary USP of EzMFA.
- Unconditionally PII compliant
Unlike the other multi factor authentication solutions in the market, EzMFA doesn't demand to share any PII (Personally Identifiable Information) data with EzMFA.
- Choice of Authentication Factors
EzMFA for Enterprise applications supports multiple authentication factors (Knowledge, Possession and Inherence factor). The choice of combinations of authentication factors is customizable as per the need of every organization.
- Multiple Authentication Factors Support
Enterprise EzMFA is extensible in supporting more than one authentication factor for validating the authenticity of the user in case of business-critical applications (i.e., banking application).
- Hassle Free
Enterprise EzMFA delivers a seamless one-click installation and hassle-free end user experience during MFA registration and validation phase.
- Reusable EzMFA client
Supports reusability of EzMFA client module for Enterprise EzMFA to ensure successful integration with more than one Enterprise application running simultaneously within an organization.
- Highly Secure
Service layer and client layer transactions for Enterprise EzMFA are extremely secure with the implementation of RSA asymmetric cryptography algorithm.The advanced obfuscation and unpatterned differential cryptographic techniques add a higher level of assurance in terms of security.
EzMFA for Enterprise applications – Deployment Types:
EzMFA offers multiple deployment types and an organization chooses the deployment as per their requirement.
1. Hybrid MFA-as-a-Service (Agent based model):
An agent needs to be deployed on the client application server. This agent will run the EzMFA client application and act as an intermediate gateway between the EzMFA Server and the Enterprise application. This is a recommended solution for organizations who want a secure MFA solution.
2. Complete MFA-as-a-Service (Agentless model):
A typical Service model where all the EzMFA components and infrastructure are managed within the EzMFA server.This is a recommended solution for organizations who want a hassle-free MFA solution.
Author Credits: Sadam Hussain Farmanudeen, Associate Consultant at 8K Miles, You can connect with him here for more information.


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Summer Program Awards
Summer Program Awards
The FSPA Summer Program Awards provide financial assistance for both undergraduate and graduate students.
Undergraduate Students:
- Funding supports summer programs that enhance undergraduate studies in Theatre, Music or Cinema and Media Studies. Acceptable programs could be relevant international courses run by Dalhousie or special summer programs offered by other universities or organizations in Canada and beyond. The program must take place during summer (May-August).
- To be eligible, you must be a current undergraduate student having declared a major in Music, Theatre, or Cinema and Media Studies. A GPA of 3.3 or above is required and financial need may be a factor in decision-making.
- Please note that several awards of $1,000 minimum are available specifically for qualified student participants in Dalhousie's Advanced Seminar in Baroque Culture, which takes place in the Czech Republic.
- Funding supports summer programs, including foreign language courses, conference travel, and research travel. The program must take place during summer (May-August).
- To be eligible, you must be a current student registered in the MA Musicology with a GPA of 3.7 or above. Financial need may be a factor in decision-making.
- Priority will be given to programs that relate directly to students' thesis research.
Application Process
All forms are available online at the links below or in hard copy from the Fountain School office. The deadline for applications is normally January 31.
1. Complete the Summer Program Award application form.
2. Complete the Details of Financial Needs form.
3. Submit forms 1 and 2 above to the FSPA Student Affairs Committee, c/o Fountain School office (Room 514, Dal Arts Centre).
4. Give a copy of the Summer Program Award faculty confidential recommendation form to a faculty member who has agreed to act as your referee. The faculty member will submit the form directly to the Committee.
These awards are made possible by the generous donation made by the Fountain family to the performing arts at Dalhousie. If you have any questions, please email firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Partnerships at Work
The Nova Scotia Partners for Workplace Education A provincial advisory committee established in 1997 to increase the role of business and labour as partners with government in the workplace education initiative. The goal of the committee is to encourage the growth of a learning culture within the Nova Scotia workplace.
Our Vision People, communities, and workplaces embracing learning for life
Partners Include Industry Labour Government Practitioners
Representation Nova Scotia Federation of Labour Federal Government Allendale Electronics Nova Scotia Department of Education Fishermans Cove Regional Development Associations Association of Workplace Educators of Nova Scotia (AWENS)
Nova Scotia Partners Advises workplace partners on policy issues Ambassadors for Workplace Education Creates public awareness around skill development issues Members sit on Workplace Program Approval Committee Managed federal/provincial project in creation of new workplace curriculum (Document Use Refresher)
Partnerships build expertise promote understanding ensure better programming are cost effective
Why Partnerships Work Management contributes industry expertise Labour/Workers/Participants contribute job expertise and knowledge of the workforce Government constitutes knowledge of adult education and good practice Instructor partners with workplace/project team to customize programs
Todays workplace is constantly changing. Workplace Education programs help workers deal with change. It is a chance to improve your reading, writing, math, problem solving, oral communication and basic computer skills
Investment Total: $1,358,672.12 Province: $422,557.60 Industry: $936,114.52 2006-2007 142 programs were established at 70 work sites. 1222 employees benefited from Workplace Education.
Benefits of Workplace Education Workers develop skills and self-confidence that they can use at work, at home and in the community Nova Scotia strengthens its economy and overall society through a lifelong learning culture
Learn at work in a relaxed setting Work at your own pace Programs are free of charge
Workplace Education - provides on-site programs for employed workers customized to the workplace – Allendale Electronics: Workplace Numeracy and Communications – C-Vision Ltd Electronics – Petes Frootique: Leadership Skills Workforce Adjustment - assists displaced workers who require transition support to search for and obtain new employment – Trenton Works Transition Centre – Maple Leaf Transition Centre – Hershey Canada (Moirs) – Canadian Auto Workers/Clearwater – OLS:Valley, Northern, Central One Journey-Work and Learn - provides job-specific training to clients in receipt of income assistance who upon successful completion move into employment with an industry partner – Trucking Project: Trucking Sector Council – CCA Training, Antigonish, Truro, Metro Program Streams
Programs Continued Apprenticeship Essential Skills - assists apprentices in the technical portion of their training – Sheet Metal Workers and Roofers, Local 56 – Essential Skills for Roofers – Women Unlimited Project Small Business Essential Skills - ensures that the essential skills needs of small and rural businesses are met – Fishermans Cove Small Business Program Sector Engagement Program - promotes human resource planning and development in partnership with key stakeholder organizations. Seeks to promote the development of a learning culture through capacity building at the sectoral level – Healthcare Sector Council Recruitment and Retention Strategy
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Finding the right running shoe is important. Not only does it make you enjoy your running, but also protects you from getting hurt. But how to find that best running shoes your foot can be a daunting task, especially when there are so many options around you to choose from.
Sure you should buy a pair of shoes that feel the best on your feet while you jog or walk, but it is not as simple as it seems. Since your feet spend a lot of time in them and the long-term use can even affect your posture, it's worth the effort of getting to know what fits best to your personal running style in order to buy the best match.
Here's what you should be looking out for when choosing a new running shoe:
1. How does your foot actually hammer the ground?
How your body absorbs the impact depends directly on how your foot hits the ground – often known as 'pronation'. Speaking of technical gibberish, there are three kinds of pronation:
Under-Pronation: This is when the outer edge of your feet makes the initial contact with the ground, as you run. If the outside edges of your shoes generally get worn down, you fall in this category. Under pronators should go for shoes with extra cushion.
Over-Pronation: This is when the inner side of your foot generally hits the ground. In this case the inside edges of your sole will get worn down fist. Over pronators need shoes that can help them in stability.
- Normal Pronation: This is when you generally hit the ground with a flat foot. Here, you'd need neutral shoes.
2. How many miles you are going to run and where
Now this is quite obvious, if you're a professional runner you'd need something that is not only durable but also helps you keep your posture correct and saves your foot from any possible injury.
Other than that, think about where would you be running with them – on roads or perhaps on a forest trail. Different surfaces require different kind of shoe.
3) Length and width of the shoe
The length and the width of your shoe is actually important. Since the further you run the more your feet will expand, it is always a good idea to give your feet a little extra room in the shoes. Don't suffocate them. Moreover, it is advised that while buying shoes you must try them on with your running socks.
4) Your body weight vs the weight of your shoe
Since you are going to be wearing your shoes for many kilometres, the lighter they are, the better. But if you're a heavy built runner, then you may need a shoe with a lot of support.


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Recent Articles
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Celebrate Lady Govs volleyball Championship, Sunday at Dunn Center
APSU Women's Volleyball
Clarksville, TN – Austin Peay State University athletics department invites its women's volleyball fans to a Peay Pairings Party beginning at 1:30pm, Sunday. The event will celebrate the Lady Govs volleyball team's Ohio Valley Conference tournament championship and will include the NCAA Women's Volleyball Championship selection show.Fans can join the Austin Peay women's volleyball team in the second floor Governors Club room at the Dunn Center. The team will be available to sign autographs. The selection show begins at 2:00pm. on ESPNews where the Lady Govs will learn their NCAA tournament first-round opponent and location.
It took 19 years, but Austin Peay's volleyball team clinched the program's second-ever Ohio Valley Conference Volleyball Championship with a four-set (23-25, 25-14, 25-21, 25-14) victory against regular-season champion Morehead State, Saturday, in Morehead, KY.
Austin Peay (26-6), which won its only previous tournament title in 1991, receives the league's automatic bid to the NCAA Volleyball Championship that begins December 2nd. It will be the Lady Govs first NCAA Tournament appearance.
TopicsAPSU, APSU Women's Volleyball, Austin Peay State University, Dunn Center, Governors Club, Lady Govs, NCAA Women's Volleyball Championship
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Before I get started, these blogs are just my thoughts and not really based off of anything but what I see in my unemployed world. This title fits into today's world situation. Look at the economy. The economy is ran on emotions. Remember 15-20 years ago ? The world economy was way better then it is now and people was happy and not worried about "tomorrow". Look at today's atmosphere , all you hear on T.V. or the radio is nothing but fear. It only makes sense to save for a rainy day, but come on !! Now the corporations and banks are saving for a typhoon that may never show up. Corporations for the most part are making record profits in today's job market, yet they are hoarding the cash , and their excuse is " we do not know what tomorrow will be like". With that mind set , this world economy will never get off of its feet. The betterment of tomorrow starts now and it starts with everyone having a positive outlook on life.Take this hoarding and pessimism into your personal life. If you use both concepts , then hoard your breath so you have air to breath for another day and be scared that the sun will burn your face when you are out side. You will end up staying in your house all curled up in a dark room passed out because you're worried about the future.
So what's it going to be corporate world ???? Are you going to stay curled up passed out in a dark room ??? Or are you going to go outside play in the sun and take deep breaths ??? It's up to the way you think and nothing else !!!
QUOTE OF THE DAY ; The best way to predict the future is to invent it. ( Alan Kay ).


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A unique professional tool for managers, Merlin Project for Mac iOS is the standard in many industries, including architecture and construction, R&D, media, and training and development. That's because Merlin Project is easy to learn and incredibly flexible.
Create complex activity structures linking individual and group activities.
Set the duration of individual activities.
Define fixed milestones.
A unified interface that was designed for easy access to all the functions in one window. Off course, one can always use as many windows as desired.
Bring structure to the chaos, introduce project management principals with Merlin Project.
Keep a finger on the pulse of your projects
Merlin Project can collect all the data that you need to track and generate the analytical reports needed.


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Birthday Freedomon October 10th, 2008
"Signed the U.S. Government P.S. SPEND! SPEND! SPEND!"
Just watch, with the economy tanking and the stock market plunging maybe they'll start doing this soon. When I was in 6th grade one of my favorite impersonations to impersonate was Dana Carvey as George Bush Sr. trying to get people to spend lots of money because of the recession. Of course at that age I had no idea what a recession was (not until I was 16 or so) which is probably what made it even funnier to the adults.
Once again, no real plans for this birthday, and actually no presents to self planned really. I did get Wii Fit yesterday for my girlfriend and I, but that purchase was going to happen even if it wasn't my birthday so that doesn't count.


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Francisco Marin Mayer
CO-FOUNDER & ceo
Francisco is a Lean Six Sigma Black Belt with 8+ years of experience in Cognitive Computing, Business Analytics and Process Improvement. He worked at IBM as Continuous Innovation Project Manager and later as Business Analytics Leader for Sales Transaction Support EMEA Operations.
Katarina Marin Mayer
CO-FOUNDER & cmo
Katarina is a Lean Six Sigma Black Belt with 6+ years of experience in People & Project Management. She worked at IBM as a Team Leader and as Continuous Innovation Project Manager, specializing in the utilization of Design Thinking to drive efficiency and productivity in corporate environments.
Viktor Hrtanek
CO-FOUNDER & cto
Viktor holds a Bachelor's Degree in Computer Science and counts with 5+ years of experience in Cognitive Computing & Predictive Analytics. He worked as a Data Scientist at IBM and Swiss RE, acting as a technical focal in the global deployment of analytics solutions.
Lora Gaston
Lora is an Advisor and Business Innovator with 20+ years of experience in Financial Services and Technology, formerly at JP Morgan and Sanwa. She spent her career promoting early stage companies and introducing innovative technologies to large financial services firms.
Jonathan Knapp
Jonathan, a former director of Lehman Brothers and Nomura, is a strategic and commercial advisor with 20+ years of experience. Having lived and worked across 4 continents, he is a recognised People Analytics and ONA evangelist with a global presence in the HRTech market.
Phil Abernathy
A global expert in Business Agility with over 14 years of hands-on experience in this field, Phil has crafted and led large-scale Agility transformations at companies such as Suncorp, IBM, and WFS.


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Monday: 8:30pm-2am
Tuesday: 8:30pm-2am
Wednesday: 8:30pm-2am
Thursday: 8:30pm-2am
Friday: 8:30pm-2am
Saturday: 8:30pm-2am
Sunday: Closed
Hedges on Broad
Hedges on Broad is located in the heart of downtown Athens Georgia. The building was originally constructed in the late 1890's the venue is a building of cultural and historical significance.
The building has seen original movie screening's under the ownership of Paramount Pictures in the 40's, played host to live theater and orchestra as The Ritz Theatre, and been everything from a hippie hangout to a discothèque club.
The brick and mortar space has held strong both physically and metaphorically as the embodiment of entertainment that has withstood the test of trends and time.


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Madylin Sweeten Biography
Nick Name: Mady Sweeten
Nationality: American
Famous: Actresses American Women
Age: 28 Years, 28 Year Old Females
Sun Sign: Cancer
Also Known As: Madylin Anne Michele Sweeten
Born in: Brownwood, Texas, United States
Famous as: Actress
Height: 5'1" (155 cm), 5'1" Females
father: Timothy Lynn Sweeten
mother: Elizabeth Anne Millsap
siblings: Claudia Sweeten, Elliette Sweeten, Emma Sweeten, Guiliana Sweeten, Jaymeson Sweeten, Maysa Sweeten, Sawyer Sweeten, Sullivan Sweeten
U.S. State: Texas
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Madylin Anne Michele Sweeten, popularly known as Madylin Sweeten, is an American new-age comedian and actress. She is best known for her role on the CBS television comedy series 'Everybody Loves Raymond'. She played the role of 'Ally Barone' from 1996 to 2005 on the famous sitcom. Madylin has also appeared on various television shows and films since her debut in the television movie 'A Promise to Carolyn' as 'young Debra'; some of her popular works include 'Everybody Loves Raymond', 'The Christmas Path', 'Eagle Eye', 'TMI Hollywood', and 'Spare Change'. Over the years she has built her own massive fan following through her fresh sense of humor and a very spontaneous style of doing comedy. She is a very confident and talented actress who has managed to carve a niche of her own in the entertainment industry within a short span of time.
Recommended Lists:
- Madylin Sweeten made her debut at the age of four with a role in the television movie 'A Promise to Carolyn', playing the role of young Debra. Her appearance on the show earned the sweet-looking little girl a lot of commercials in Dallas. She then won the 'World's Universal Beauty' title in a competition called 'Our Little Miss' at the Kay Scott School of Performing Arts.Following this, her parents took her for several auditions in Los Angeles for various television pilot roles and eventually she caught the eyes of the producers of the television show 'Everybody Loves Raymond'. She was offered the role of 'Ally Barone', the eldest child and the only daughter of the show's lead characters Raymond and Debra Barone. She appeared in all nine season between 1996 and 2005 and was an integral part of the show.She appeared in 32 episodes of 'TMI Hollywood' and also did many roles in other television shows and television movies between 1998 and 2014, including 'The Christmas Path', 'Ask Me No Questions', 'Human Centipede 3 Parody with Bree Olson', 'Mommy' and 'Our Friends Are Fcking'. Sweeten also appeared in some films after making her debut in the film industry in 1999 as 'Young Aloise' in the film 'A Dog of Flanders'.Later she appeared in films like 'Toy Story 2' as a voice artist, 'American Splendor' as 'Danielle', 'Eagle Eye' as Jerry's co-worker 'Becky', 'Spare Change' as 'Claire' and 'Sam and Me' as 'Lauren Frederick'. However, her film career has not been as successful as her television career so far. She is still young and with her passion and dedication, it won't be long before she makes it big in this industry too.Recommended Lists:
Recommended Lists:Continue Reading BelowPersonal Life
- Madylin Anne Michele Sweeten was born in Brownwood, Texas, U.S, on June 27, 1991, to Elizabeth Anne Millsap and Timothy Lynn Sweeten. Her mother is also an actress who is known for her works in 'Larry King Now' (2012) and 'Casting' (2017).Madylin had eight siblings including twin brothers Sullivan Sweeten and Sawyer Storm Sweeten. Her brothers were also part of the sitcom 'Everybody Loves Raymond' where they played the roles of her 'reel-life' twin brothers, Geoffrey Barone and Michael Barone. Her brother Sawyer killed himself at the age of nineteen on April 23, 2015 by shooting himself in the head. Apart from her twin brothers, Sweeten's others siblings are Maysa, Emma, Claudia, Elliette, Guiliana, and Jaymeson.Recommended Lists:
Recommended Lists:Translate Wiki to Spanish, French, Hindi, Portuguese
How To CiteArticle Title- Madylin Sweeten BiographyAuthor- Editors, TheFamousPeople.comWebsite- TheFamousPeople.comURL- https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/madylin-sweeten-34773.phpLast Updated- August 17, 2018
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Write the Book Already! Here's How!
This workshop is for writers aspiring to be authors and put their words in print by writing the book, publishing it and figuring out the process for a self-published author rather than an author that's published by a company, pro's and cons of self-publishing and an answer to all questions from participants.


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Standard Wax
Happy Candle
Regular price $28.00
By Standard Wax
Notes of fresh citrus and neroli create an uplifting environment. Neroli is known to alleviate stress and enhance mood, making it a great option when you need a little happiness boost.
100% soy wax
60 hour burn time
Crafted in small batches in Tempe, AZ


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Sunglasses to protect vulnerable eyes – leprosy can damage the nerves in the face so that it is impossible to blink or shut your eyes – sunglasses provide protection for eyes and reduce the risk of total blindness.
Back to School Pack – stationery, pens, pencils, lunchbox etc.
Specialist sandals for numb feet – leprosy can damage the nerves in the feet, making them numb and vulnerable to injury. Special sandals will protect the feet and help to prevent ulcers.
Setting Up Home kit – often our families lack many of the basic necessities of home – pans, plates, bedding and other items which we take for granted.
Drinking water for a family for a month in Kiribati – there is no naturally occurring safe drinking water available in Kiribati so water has to be brought in every month.
Christmas Hamper – we try to ensure that all the families in our care get a special hamper at Christmas time.