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Paramedics have accused their own NHS ambulance service of endangering lives in a bid to save money by cutting a system under which they abandon meal breaks to respond to patients with life-threatening conditions.
Crews at the South East Coast ambulance service (Secamb), which covers a huge swath of south-east England, were told that they would no longer be paid overtime for abandoning their breaks to respond to some 999 calls including emergencies involving strokes, seizures and breathing problems. The instruction came as it emerged that medical staff across the UK faced an unprecedented demand on emergency resources last week.
Frontline staff with Secamb have complained to the Guardian about the controversial change of policy as pressure mounted on the government to respond to the growing crisis engulfing NHS emergency departments.
Paramedics have warned that patient safety and lives could be put at risk because it will lengthen the service's response times, which its boss recently admitted were already poor.
Ambulance crews will no longer be paid the £25 they receive each time they interrupt the single – and unpaid – 30-minute meal break they get during their 12-hour shift in order to answer a Red 2 call, which can involve someone with chest pains or car crash casualties.
The Patients Association said the policy was short-sighted and the welfare of patients should never be sacrificed in a quest for savings. It comes as NHS governance grew into a major political issue in the wake of three patient deaths at Worcestershire Royal hospital last week.
On Sunday, Theresa May rejected the British Red Cross's claim that hospitals and ambulance services were under such pressure that it constitutes a "humanitarian crisis". The prime minister made clear she would not be producing an NHS rescue plan.
But in a series of extraordinary accounts obtained by the Guardian doctors working in A&E departments across England detailed "appalling and chaotic" conditions last week.
Jon Ashworth, the shadow health secretary, said the Secamb measure was the latest "shocking revelation" about a service that has been involved in a number of controversies over its approach to patient safety and quality of care over the past year.
Secamb was put into "special measures" in September after inspectors found a litany of failings, including poor response times and lapses in patient safety, as its financial situation deteriorated.
Critics believe Secamb's new policy is reckless, especially as the service depends so heavily on ambulance crews routinely abandoning their breaks to help patients. Secamb, which covers Surrey, Sussex, Kent and north-east Hampshire, spends £200,000 per month on its system of payments for "disturbed meal breaks", which it has operated for eight years and which paramedics say has saved countless lives.
One Secamb paramedic said: "In many calls that are potentially life-threatening, patients will receive delays in being reached by a crew. Red 2 calls include things such as chest pain, unconscious patients, seizures, breathing problems, road accidents and many more which all fall under the eight-minute target set out by the government. The service is now putting money as a priority over patient care."
Another added: "I believe this cost-cutting will result in huge amounts of increased mortality and morbidity and associated suffering. Without these disturbances, and with the increasing demand, the public will wait longer for an ambulance, with possible and likely serious consequences."
Paramedics will continue to attend Red 1 calls, which Secamb says "are the most time critical and cover those patients who are not breathing and don't have a pulse, and other severe conditions." But they will now not be paid for responding to Red 2 patients, which Secamb says are "serious but less immediately time critical and cover conditions such as stroke and fits."
England's 10 regional ambulance services are expected to respond to 75% of both types of calls within eight minutes, though this target is widely breached. In 2015-16, Secamb responded to only 71.6% of Red 1 calls and 67.3% of Red 2 calls in the target time.
Joe Garcia, Secamb's interim director of operations, announced the change to staff last Thursday in an email, which the Guardian has seen. He explained that it was being made in order to tackle its deficit.
"As you are all no doubt aware by now Secamb is currently facing a severe financial challenge. In order to ensure spending is controlled going forward we are scrutinising all our activities in operations," he wrote. "One of the significant factors contributing to overspending against our budget this year are meal-break disturbance payments. It is clear we can no longer sustain the level of expenditure that is being generated by these payments or overlook the impact it is having on the health and wellbeing of our staff."
Garcia said that "with immediate effect" the new policy was: "Operational crews on an allocated meal-break will only be disturbed as necessary to attend Red 1 calls; requests for grade 1 back-up; [and in] other exceptional circumstances."
One Secamb paramedic told the Guardian: "Myself and my colleague were on our break yesterday in one part of Kent when control interrupted us to attend a patient with breathing problems nearby. Had they not done that, the nearest available crew was more than half an hour's drive away from where the patient was, which is way outside the eight-minute target."
The Guardian revealed in December that Secamb was under fire for changing the role of its most highly-trained paramedics and forcing them to start responding to calls about even minor ailments, despite their advanced life-saving skills, to improve response times.
A separate leaked memo from within Secamb underlines the extent of its financial plight. In an email to staff on 23 December, David Hammond, the director of finance and corporate services, revealed that it was on course to end the 2016-17 financial year at the end of March with a £7.1m deficit.
The changes needed to tackle that overspend would be "difficult" and involve "unpalatable decisions" to save money and increase efficiency, he revealed, because of "the critical nature of the trust's financial position". Cost-cutting would start with an attempt to save £2m between January and March, Hammond said.
Katherine Murphy, the chief executive of the Patients Association, said: "While we acknowledge the financial pressures the NHS is under, this shouldn't compromise access to the most appropriate care, diagnosis and treatment. Where time is of essence, then it's important patients get the right diagnosis as fast as possible. With someone having a seizure, for example, the sooner they get help the better the outcome is likely to be. That's what [ambulance] services are there to provide."
Labour's Ashworth said underfunding of the NHS lay behind Secamb's decision. "We've already called for urgent reassurances that previous decisions by Secamb won't affect patients' safety. Now paramedics are understandably raising grave concerns about this proposed change to meal time callouts. Patients should not be forced to wait even longer for an ambulance because of decisions like this which are taken in the context of the huge financial squeeze the government has imposed on the NHS."
A Secamb spokeswoman said: "Staff will continue to receive a payment for a disturbed meal break and will still be disturbed for life-threatening emergencies as required and in line with the policy. The email sent out to staff was about tightening controls around the implementation of the meal break policy."
Secamb did not respond to the Guardian's request for a response to the fears that the new policy could risk patient safety.
Dr Rachel Clarke, the junior doctor who collated accounts from accident and emergency departments, said: "This testimony captures the almost total disconnect between the conditions frontline staff and patients are actually enduring in our A&Es right now and the government's attempts to downplay and deny these.
"Frontline doctors like me are feeling frankly ashamed of the conditions to which our patients are being subjected daily. They might not be in Aleppo, but they are so very far removed from even the most basic levels of dignity and humanity we'd expect in the world's sixth richest country."


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Featuring nearly 300 vendors from 50 Iowa counties, the Downtown Farmers' Market in Historic Court District in Downtown Des Moines (DSM) offers the best-in-town for local produce, flavors, music and much more each summer on Saturdays.
Visitors can enjoy locally grown foods ranging from fresh produce to farm fresh eggs and Iowa-raised meat, including beef, pork, chicken, fish and more! Need to brighten up a space at home or the office? Check out the vendors who sell freshly cut, seasonal flowers or visit one of the local artists who have set up shop at The Market.
It is important to note that within the vendor listings, the products listed are not all-inclusive but instead provide a sampling of what you will find at each vendor booth. The 2020 vendor list will be announced at a later date.
Guests can enjoy live music and entertainment from local artists, special programming and learning opportunities all in the course of a Saturday morning. Visit the Programming page to learn more about Market programs.
Whether it's a favorite vendor or a culinary adventure, there's always something to experience at the Downtown Farmers' Market.
Follow us and snap photos and videos to share on social media at The Market. The Market has official Facebook, Twitter and Instagram accounts (@downtownfarmersmarket on Facebook; @dtfarmersmarket on Twitter and Instagram) and uses the official hashtag #marketDSM. For a fun, interactive photo opp, stop by the UnityPoint Health – Des Moines booth at the corner of Third Street and Court Avenue and take a selfie. Also, be sure to check out the official Market Snapchat filter!

subset: commoncrawl


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Migration and the relocation of the population interacts with education in many ways. These links affect those who move, those who stay and those who shelter immigrants, refugees or other displaced populations.In this context, the latest Unesco report, "Global Education Monitoring 2019", shows how immigration has affected the outgoing and remaining education of the population.
Loss of talent can become real danger to poor states cites the report. Loss of human capital, a phenomenon known as brain drain, may adversely affect poorer countries.
This report suggests that immigration rates of highly qualified persons are over 20%, up to about a quarter of the 174 countries, including Grenada and Guyana in the Caribbean, Albania and Malta in Europe, and Eritrea and Somalia in Africa. The Unesco report also points out that the form of scholarships in the donor country or the predominantly western universities can aggravate this trend, because in most cases students do not return. The report emphasizes that students or universities in the region should be supported.
Albania has one of the highest rates of emigration. In 2015, around 2.9 million Albanians lived in the country and 1.1 million resident abroad. The financial crisis in Greece and Italy, which accommodated almost 80% of Albanian emigrants, caused a wave of returns. A study showed that 70% of male returnees had lost their jobs abroad. Between 2008 and 2014, it is estimated that from 150,000 to 180,000 Albanian emigrants returned, mostly from Greece. As a result, the Albanian labor force expanded by 5% between 2011 and 2014. The analysis of the labor force survey data shows that returnees contributed to an increase in employment rates, both through self-employment and employment through new businesses. The returnees are more likely than non-migrants to create businesses and bring non-migrants to the workforce. Professional Centers provide opportunities for entrepreneurial education, often with the support of development partners. In 2010, the Kosovo government and Albania developed a five-year reintegration strategy, enhancing the incentives for returnees to engage in public services, in professional centers. The Employment and Skills Development Strategy 2014-2020 also recognized the challenge of supporting returnees. However, in the years 2011-2015, only 800 returned from emigration came to the counters for professional orientation. Expanding this service at the municipal level requires improving access, but also consistency with the strategy needs to be increased. Moreover, professional centers may no longer be appropriate for entrepreneurship training for returnees, but needs a proper strategy for them.
UNESCO report: over 20% of qualified Albanians want to flee Thursday, November 22, 2018 Rating:


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topics include:
* What is toxic player?
* What has company done?
* What can you do?
* Why does it happen and are they winning?
let's start,
- What is a toxic player?
Well a toxic player is someone who will shout at you, who will curse at you, make fun of you, even call you names, they will anything in their power to make you stop gaming, and don't even care about your feelings, all they want to do is to destroy you and ruin the fun of gaming.
Don't get confused with anger, if you make one mistake, they will bash you calling you names and will tell you to uninstall the game cause of a simple mistake, toxic players make a small number, but they can cause major damage to people, that they won't even play the game.
- What has company done?
Well they have done some, one thing they have done is the report feature, the more the player gets reported, they will get hit with the ban hammer, the punishment can last a few days to forever, just remember cybersmile gamers there is a report system.
What can you do?
- Well if you do get hit with toxic player, there are a few things that might help,
1. Mute the player, so you will not hear them talk smack about you.
2. Report I mean this report the player that is abusing you, it might not be a lot, but with more reports, then that player will be banned.
3. Leave, once the match is complete, leave the game and take a breather, cause you if you continue the match, there might be a chance you will get the same negative player, so leave the game.
4. Don't let the haters get you down, all the toxic players want is to make you quit the game, it will be hard, but don't let them hurt you.
- Why does it happen and are they winning?
In my gaming, I have encounter toxic players, but why? no one knows, maybe they attention they get, maybe they believe that they are pro gamers and think I'm right and you are wrong mentality, no one really knows, but the reason why some are growing is the thanks of E sports, once a game gets popular they come in and attack, it's sad, but happen when a game gets popular.
Are they winning? It's hard to say, once you ban someone another one takes its place, company claim that they are winning, but it's still hard to say if this war will ever end? Cause gamers want to play to have fun and not someone who bullies them and makes them quit.
well guess that is all for now, Monday ill write more plus I will post a new topic tomorrow, thank you and keep on gaming, cybersmile gamers - terky out.


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How To Log In To Your GoDaddy Email Account On PC, Android, IOS
Call GoDaddy Email Support Number Australia +61-180-095-2394
Do you know that apart from Domain name providing, Go Daddy is also an email service provider. Yes, it is but it provides webmail solutions mainly for business units, both big and small. The storage capacity of the email is maximum 50 GB and 1 TB for files.
There are three kinds of email plans. The plans are Email essentials, Online Essentials and Business Premium.
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Follow The Below Mentioned Log In Steps To Access Your GoDaddy Account:
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For those GoDaddy users who use mobile to access their mail
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- As usual enter your email id and password
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For Android users
- Install GoDaddy's mobile app
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For iOS users (iPhone, iPad, or iPod Touch):
- Install GoDaddy's mobile app
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Note: Enter your credentials Email Id and password accurately. If your account is still not working, then contact a GoDaddy system administrator for help.
Godaddy is known as the largest domain name register in the world that offers the most comprehensive sets of website building tools. It is also a renowned email service provider. The storage capacity of the email is a maximum of 50GB and 1TB for files. It provides three kinds of services; email essentials, online essentials and business essentials.
Our email helps you stay safe with industry leading spam and virus filters. It lets you look more professional. You can work your way with these as it is compatible with outlook, apple emails and other clients. It also helps you stay organized with IMAP email that syncs between your device.
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You can access your Godaddy account on any device easily .
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- Enter your email id where Workspace Webmail is written.
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For the mobile users:
Visit https://sso.godaddy.com
Then enter your email id and password.
Enter on sign in option
- First install godaddy mobile app.
- Open the app and click on check mail.
- Enter the email id and password where required.
- Click on access to your account.
- First install Godaddy mobileapp.
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Why choose us?
We plan to grow your business as we handle your email hosting needs. We are the world's largest register and domain host. So, we know how to keep your email safe.
Our award winning support staff is here to assist with your email hosting account and ensure smooth functioning while you work on your device. We believe not to share your data under any circumstances or deliver ads during your online experience.
Forgot your username and password to login to Godaddy account?
A dysfunctional account is one of the major issues faced by the users. Your work efficiency decreases while you need it the most. It is time consuming problem. In case you face an emergency regarding these you can contact our support team who is providing an instant trouble shooting.
For further assistance call us now:
It is very simple and easy way to access an email with Godaddy. If you have any problem regarding accessing your account, please contact our Godaddy administrator for help. We know that it is very easy to access email. However, it does not mean that you won't be having questions now or further.
We are ready to provide you with best-in-class assistance with our award winning customer support team. Our team contains of expertise technicians who are available 24*7 for any kind of prompt solution. We understand that email plays an essential part in your business. We value our customers' time any try to provide the best assistance. Reach us at our customer support number: +61-180-095-2394 (Toll-Free). Any problem any time, feel free to call us now for the best support.


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Abstract: Not only most Westerners but most Chinese (both ancient and modern) see Confucianism as a philosophy, not a religion. Yet, in the past 2000 years, no foreign religion could truly conquer Chinese culture. Now, there is no Buddhism in India, where it was born. Although there are Buddhist temples in China, ninety percent of the so-called Buddhists also worship in traditional Chinese style. Instead of conquering Chinese culture, Buddhism has been Sinicized. For the past 300 years, most Westerners thought that the Chinese were not religious people. Today, many theologians recognize that the Chinese are, in fact, the most religious people in the world. But what God do the Chinese worship? This paper will provide a complete answer.
Buddhism is no longer a living religion in India. It is Chinese who keeps Mahayana Buddhism a living tradition. Many Mahayana scriptures were translated into Chinese by Kumarajiva (344 - 431 A.D.) who was trained in Afghanistan. When his fame as a scriptural scholar reached the Chinese court, the ruler literally plotted wars to kidnap him. He was brought to Chang-an (402 A.D.), honored with the title of national preceptor.
In 600s A.D.-- While England and German tribes were still far from being Christianized -- the Nestorian Christian monk A-lo-pen arrived in Chang-an. He were honorably received by Emperor Tai-tsung (Tang dynasty) . A monastery was built for him, followed by further monasteries here and elsewhere. An edict of toleration for Christianity was also issued.
This two historical events demonstrate two facts. Not only does Chinese people tolerate all religions but she yearns for all religious truths.
In 1692, the new Qing emperor Kang-hsi again issued an edict of toleration for Christianity. But, in Rome, Pope Clement XII (1700s) forbade the Chinese Christians to venerate their ancestors and Confucius. In 1701, Emperor Kang-hsi sent a special envoy to Rome to make clear that, in China, Confucius was venerated not as a god but as a teacher and that the veneration of ancestors was a commemoration, not a worship service. In 1710, over the objections of the Chinese apostolic vicars and the Jesuits, a new decree from the Roman Inquisition was issued to prohibit the Chinese rites, that is, to forbade Chinese Christians to be Chinese. Thus, the ruling of the nine highest courts in China was handed down in 1717: expulsion of the missionaries, proscription of Christianity, destruction of the churches, forced abjuration of Christian faith. In 1939, Pius XII finally published decrees of toleration regarding the veneration of ancestors, but it was too late.
After 1300 years since the first encounter with Nestorian Christians, in mainland China today only 1/2% Chinese are Christians. This misfortune of Christianity in China was, however, not caused entirely by the Communist government action which expelled all foreign missionaries in 1950 -51. This argument can be supported by the case in Taiwan. In spite of an enormous injection of personnel, money, and time, in spite of forty years of unhindered missionary work, only 3% of Taiwanese could be won over to Christianity, and a large proportion of these are from the non-Chinese aboriginal population. In fact, Christianity has failed dismally in the entire Sinicized world (Japan, Korea, Singapore and the overseas Chinese). Thus, the political situations are not the major cause for this dismal failure of Christianity in the Sinicized world. Something much deeper is at work.
For four hundred years, most of scholars who specialize in one or another aspect of China's traditional culture provide a simple answer for Christianity's dismal failure. That is, Chinese are not religious people. In 1958, four Chinese scholars published "A Manifesto for the reappraisal of Sinology and Reconstruction of Chinese Culture." They tried to point out that Confucianism indeed has religious dimension, although it, perhaps, cannot be called as a genuine religion. Many Western scholars even laugh at this line of argument. Only until the recent years, do some Western theologians recognize that Chinese culture (whatever that it is) is the third great world religious "river system" besides the Semitic-prophetic and the Indian-mystic. But, they are still unable to pin point where that river is, let alone to know how deep or how wide it is.
The mistakes of those Western Sinologists are because that they tried to use those western terminologies to describe Chinese concepts. It is the same as trying to describe the entire mathematics system with music notes. It is the same as if they discovered that mathematics system cannot be described with music notes, and then, they would have claimed a great discovery that the entire mathematics system has no substance.
For the West, every religion must have at least three of the four components:
With this new definition, I can now show you that Confucianism is a great religion of mankind, although it neither has a concretized God, nor a visible institution.
Confucianism indeed has a cosmology which can explain the rise of universe and of the biological lives. It says, "There is Wu-Ch'i which begets Tai-Ch'i which produces Yin and Yang. Then Yin and Yang form Eight Kwa (Trigrams). The Sixty-four Kwa (Hexagram) can then be generated. These Sixty-four Kwa encompasses the entire universe."
The above saying was understood by the ancient Chinese. But, it is meaningless for the Chinese who have learned modern knowledge, especially, the science. Those terms of Wu-ch'i, Tai-ch'i are poorly defined and without any scientific meaning. Thus, in the early of 20th century (1920s), Confucianism was accused as the culprit for China's misfortune and was accused as the reason that China did not develop science. If Confucian Cosmology was just a meaningless mumbling, the Confucianism cannot even be a good philosophy, let alone to be a religion.
I have written two articles to show that:
Confucianism has a perfect metaphysics which can give meaning to human life. The word "perfect" does not connote correctness but means that that system is a closed system, and no open question remains. This metaphysics consists of only five words (concepts) -- Ming (Tien-Ming), Tao, Chee, Shu (quantity or number), and ming (jen-ming, fate or destiny of a person).
Tien has two meanings. Physically, it denotes sky. Theologically, it denotes the utmost, formless, providential, personal God. When Yen-hui (the number one disciple of Confucius) died, Confucius said, "Tien has forsaken me; Tien has forsaken me." See The Analects.
Ming has many meanings. Physically, it denotes life. Theologically, it has two meanings: 1) Will (or giving order), 2) Fate or destiny.
Tien-Ming is God's Will which gives rise to everything, including hsing (human nature) and Tao.
Tao is the principle which governs both Macrocosm and Microcosm. Tao is omnipresent, both transcendent and immanent. In Confucianism, Tao arises from Tien-Ming. In Laotse taoism, there is no conception of Tien or Tien-Ming. Laotse Tao is an impersonal, indifferent, apathetic God. Because of its indifference, it has no use to beg It for mercy. If you work against this indifferent Tao, you will fail dismally. Thus, Wu-Wei (not doing or no action) becomes the center point of Laotse taoism. Many scholars view Wu-Wei as doing nothing literally. It does not mean that you should not do anything. After all, everyone must somehow to make a living, at least to chew his own food. It means that you should not do anything to help (which is no use) or to work against (which will be a disaster) Tao.
Although a dynamic universe does obey the principle of Tao, Tao itself does not give rise to a dynamic universe. The dynamic universe is the result and the phenomena of chee. The word chee has many meanings. Physically, it denotes air or breath. Metaphysically, it denotes a dynamic force and a dynamic process. It has three forms. Its original form is chee, an invisible flowing force. Chee can condense and become substance (tsz) which is visible and tangible. The pure tsz is call jing. Chee can arise and become shen (spirit). Thus, the entire universe (material and spiritual) is composed of Jing (tsz) - Chee - Shen.
When Chinese says, "She has a good Chee-Tsz," it means that not only does she have a beautiful body (the tsz) but also has an amicable atmosphere (chee) around her. "My Jing-Shen is good," means that not only is my body healthy but my spirit is high.
Because chee is a dynamic force, a substance and a spirit, it must be measured by a quantity or by some number. This measurement of chee is called shu (quantity or number). Shu has two meanings. Mathematically, it denotes numbers or quantity. Metaphysically, it denotes the amount of chee, of life force, of spirit. When the shu of chee (chee-shu) of a life becomes zero, it is dead. If a person has good chee-shu, he will have a good future, perhaps, a good fortune too.
If you know your own chee-shu, you know your own future, that is knowing your fate and destiny. Your chee-shu comes from two sources. The original Chee (Yen-chee) comes with you at birth. The conception of Yen-chee between Confucianism and Laotse taoism is completely different. In Confucianism, the yen-chee cannot be cultivated -- how much you brought with you at birth, and that it is, no more. On the other hand, Laotse insisted that Yen-chee can be cultivated. Thus, in Laotse Taoism, not only is a person able to stay young and even to return old age to youth but is able to become an immortal by cultivating the Yen-chee.
Although the Yen-chee cannot be cultivated in Confucianism, the chee which governs our daily life can be cultivated. We can try to align our chee with God's virtues (Jen, i, Li, etc.) and thus reach the sagehood.
In Laotse taoism, it lacks a providential God (Tien) and His Will (Tien-Ming), thus Laotse taoists believe that they can reach immortality by cultivating Yen-chee. That is, they cannot be hindered or stopped by their fate. Or, Laotse taoists simply deny that there is a fate or destiny for individual. On the contrary, because there is a personal and providential God (Tien), God's Will (Tien-Ming) will determine the fate and destiny of every individual. This fate and destiny of every individual is called ming (the same character as Tien-Ming's ming).
The metaphysics of Laotse taoism has no head (Tien-Ming), nor tail (personal ming, fate or destiny). The metaphysics of Confucianism is a perfect system, from Tien-Ming to Tao, to Chee, to Shu, then to ming. It links the ming (fate) of every individual back to God's Will (Tien-Ming). Although the personal fate cannot be changed by the effort of individual, everyone can still perfect his life to reach sagehood, and thus make his life meaningful not only to himself but to mankind as well.
So far, no Western Sinologist has ever heard about this Ming-ming theology because no Chinese scholar (from ancient to present) described it. The conception of chee is meanly valued by martial art practitioners. The conceptions of Shu and ming is believed by un-educated Chinese. Thus, the learned Chinese scholars of ancient time despised the conceptions of chee, shu and ming. The learned Chinese scholars of modern time see the conceptions of chee, shu and ming are superstitions.
However, I did not invent this Ming-ming theology. It is understood by every un-educated Chinese. Although you cannot find this Ming-ming theology in any written book (in Chinese or in other languages) in terms of an organized doctrine, it is imbedded in many folk novels, such as: "The Brotherhood in the Marsh," "The Dream of a Red Mansion," and "The List of Ordained gods."
This Ming-ming concept is in the every page of the folk novel "The List of Ordained gods." I will demonstrate this with three short stories from that book.
We must first know what goodness and evil are before we can discuss how they arise. Aristotle and his followers said that happiness is good. But, what is happiness? "Happiness is pleasures," they said. Then, they distinguished between lower and higher pleasures. The pleasures of the intellect are more desirable than the pleasures of the senses. But, what is more desirable and how to determine it? Those who pursue sensual indulgences to the injury of their health may regard the sensual pleasures as the greater good and are willing to sacrifice their own health to pursue sensual pleasures. How can we provide a rational argument to persuade them that they are wrong? How can we prove to them that health is indeed a greater good than sensual pleasure?
Consequentialist distinguishes 'good as an end' from 'good as a means,' or 'intrinsically good' from 'extrinsically good.' Thus, the sensual pleasures is only extrinsically good but intrinsically bad. But, how can we distinguish and define what are intrinsic and extrinsic? Goodness corresponds to a cluster of properties, none of which are necessary or sufficient for goodness.
Augustine came up a different idea. Since he with his dogmatic faith believed that God is infinitely perfect, he concluded that there cannot be any evil. He made two arguments. One, everything that is evil in our view is indeed good, especially in God's view. For example, scorpions often kill not only animals but also humans; so they are evil. But, they are good for themselves. The male scorpion is good for a female one, and vice versa. Two, he thought that every evil is the corruption of something good. But, what is corruption? How does corruption work?
Most of Chinese scholars discuss goodness and evil in terms of hsing (human nature). Mencius (372 - 289 B.C.) insisted that human nature is good. Hsuntse (335 - 238 B.C.) insisted that human nature is bad. Their doctrines are two extremes of the teaching of emperor Yao (about 4000 years ago). Yao said to emperor Shun, "Jen-sin (human desire) is unstable, Tao-sin (the moral craving) is very minute." That is, the human nature possesses both seeds of goodness and evil. But, the seeds themselves cannot become good nor evil. What is the process which allows the manifestation of goodness or evil from their potentiality? This process is the center point of the book of I-jing (Book of Change).
The word 'i' in I-jing (Yijing) has three meanings:
Combining the Ming-ming theology with the seat-sitting moral doctrine, the result is the concept of Mandate of Heaven. In order to have a perfectly good society, the proper sitting in the entire society must be maintained or controlled by somebody. Who can be the one to take up this awesome responsibility? He must be no one but is the one who is chosen and appointed by the Almighty God (Tien). The length of the term of his rule depends on how much chee-shu he received from Tien. When he does good to people, his chee-shu increases. When he does evil to people, his chee-shu decreases. When his political chee-shu is depleted, his political life is over.
Since the ruler of Chinese people is chosen by Tien, only Tien can judge his performance or remove him from office. But how does Tien perform these tasks? Of course, it is through the hearts and lives (not hands or mouths) of people.
Chinese people deeply believe that only righteous BLOOD can defeat the evil deeds; only righteous blood can deplete bad ruler's chee-shu. In Chinese history, there were many very famous persons who sacrificed their own lives to right the ruler's wrongs. For Chinese, talking is cheap, life is precious. If anyone really got something to say in politics, say it with his life. Thus, no one in China sympathizes someone like Wei ****. If Wei is righteous, it is the price he must pay, and that price he paid will reduce those ruler's chee-shu. If he is an opportunist, it is a punishment he deserves. That is, Chinese people has 100% faith in God that God will right all wrongs, and she will not make any judgement by herself. When foreign countries step in to make those judgements for Chinese people, she will immediately wonder how can those foreigners know it more than she herself. Of course, she can never accept that she knows her own affair less than those foreigners. It is then very obvious to her that those foreigners must have some untold intentions. Thus, when foreign countries condemns Chinese government of human right issues, it always gets an adverse effect. The majority of Chinese will support her government to fend off those foreign evil intentions. Thus, the actions of this kind by foreign countries always increase Chinese government's chee-shu at least on the short run. On the long run, no one can right the wrong or wrong the right for anyone else; the doer must face the consequence himself.
There is no visible church in Confucianism. The Confucian church is its moral structure which emphasizes five relations: ruler - subject; parents - children; husband - wife; brothers - sisters; and friends. Three of such relations are inside of family. Thus, Confucianism has only one church (the government) and billions temples (one in each family). The entire Chinese people believe in this Ming-ming theology and live by the seat-sitting moral doctrine.
Theologically, many points in Christian dogma run against Chinese mentality (the collective subconsciousness) and her way of life. I will just list two of the most obvious ones here.
In Confucianism, the Five Walk theory is identical to the modern elementary particle physics. When Yin-Yang and Eight Kwa theory combine with John Conway's game of Life, it can explain the rise of biological life, and it is much more advanced than the modern physics and modern biology. Please review my book The Divine Constitution for more details. The Ming-ming theology describes the nature of a true almighty God, the relationship between God and human, and gives meaning to human life. It is a closed system; no open question remains. The seat-sitting moral doctrine on the one hand explains the rise of goodness and evil, on the other hand gives hope for human perfectibility. The Confucian institution includes government and every family in China. Every Chinese were born in this institution, lives and dies in it. Thus, not only is Confucianism a religion but is a great religion of mankind.
If you have not heard about this Ming-ming theology and the seat-sitting moral doctrine, you ought to sit back and do some thinking. China has been here for many thousand years, and the first East-West encounter was 1300 years ago, but the West is still ignorant about the Chinese culture and Chinese ways of thinking. At nuclear age, this kind of complete lacking of understanding between nations, between people is not only very dangerous but is a nightmare for mankind.
Confucianism is not a missionary religion. Chinese has no intention to convert anyone to be a Chinese, let alone to annex any land into Chinese territory. The entire Sinicized world Sinicized themselves.
Note: This article was presented at two conferences:
Please review these two articles after you have finished this paper.
Taoism in the eyes of modern physicists
Laws of life in Taoism


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The Clinton campaign just announced that the former president will spend
all day Sunday morning in California. His stops--Los Angeles, Inglewood, Gardena, Norwalk--are all in the LA area.
Perhaps a sign that the Clintons are sweating the possibility of losing the popular vote to Obama, which would be a major symbolic blow.
Update: All the stops appear to be at black churches. An effort to blunt Obama's greatest strength, apparently.
--Michael Crowley


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Interviewing Dr. Craig Wright for CCN
A few months ago, I started to notice what I thought was an imbalance in media coverage of Craig Wright and his blockchain BSV. It's not that I was sold on BSV's value or utility, I just wondered: was it possible that in all of the talk about "BSV is a cult" and "don't drink the Kool-Aid" – that those (like me) who support BTC and multiple alt-coins could be alternatively brainwashed? I wanted to give people the opportunity to make up their own minds about Wright and his coin without injecting my bias. I wanted to ask Wright some questions and get his answers. Period.
At the same time, I started to realize that Wright – like anyone – is a human. I thought it was unkind for humans to treat each other in the way much of the press was treating Wright. Even though Wright himself is not innocent, and he typically slams those he disagrees with, two wrongs do not make a right. I know that in Wright's shoes, my feelings would be hurt. I wanted to do something.
I reached out to my editors at CCN and asked: If I could get Wright to talk to me, could we publish an interview with him? Emphatically, they responded: yes! So I reached out to Wright's team on CoinGeek and quickly Ed Pownall responded, also yes! I sent over some questions. Unfortunately, before Wright responded, and before I could write the article, Wright publicly slammed CCN while at Oxford, and I had to conduct a second interview. You can read the transcript of that interview here. In both pieces, Wright's answers are in red. I have not edited them.
This piece is my first interview with Craig Wright.
Are you Satoshi Nakamoto?
- Are you Satoshi Nakamoto?
Wright: I created Bitcoin and published the Bitcoin white paper under the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto.
- Can you please tell us exactly what that means? To be clear, does it mean that you – with some help from people like Hal Finney and Dave Kleiman – invented the Bitcoin we know today as BTC? Is it a reference to your assertion that Bitcoin SV is the real Bitcoin? Does the pseudonym "Satoshi Nakamoto" refer to a team of people who you lead or worked with? Or is your claim singular?
Wright: As I've said before, I had some input and help from other people. But I am the creator of Bitcoin.
- Do you have any idea why the media and social media personalities are so obsessed with saying and "proving" that you are not Satoshi? Good journalism represents multiple sides of story without demonstrating inherent bias, why is perspective lacking in this case?
Wright: Media outlets and social media personalities like controversy and conflict. It feeds them traffic.
Also, many powers in the current crypto world have a vested interest in me not being Satoshi because my vision is for Bitcoin to be the world's single electronic cash and single blockchain. When my vision succeeds, all the other altcoins and supposed other blockchain projects become moot and will disappear. That undermines the needs for many of the crypto media and social media influencers, who thrive because of a multi-coin world.
Please Explain why This Isn't Adding Up…
If it's okay with you, I'd like to address some of the most prevalent reasons people and the press have provided as "evidence" that you're not Satoshi Nakamoto to give you the opportunity to explain and tell your side of the story…
- A CCN article says that there are certain philosophical differences between you and Bitcoin's creator. Namely, the article says that Satoshi didn't hate the Liberty Reserve and even floated the idea of Bitcoin integrating with the Liberty Reserve, but in your 4/24 blog post, you said that Bitcoin was designed to ensure that the Liberty Reserve – among others – were the real target. Can you please explain why you changed your mind, if you did? Or can you shed some light on why this is not a philosophical difference at all?
In 2010, Liberty Reserve was being used legally in Australia, where I was living at that time. It was linked to the National Australia Bank and Westpac. When I (as Satoshi) posted in 2010 about the idea of Liberty Reserve integrating with Bitcoin, there was nothing definitively bad known about Liberty Reserve and it had not yet been found out to be a criminal hub. It was only later that learned Liberty Reserve cared more about facilitating criminal use of Bitcoin than simply being an exchange.
In 2010, we still had no value for bitcoin. Bitcoin was an economic system and remains secured through the economics of exchange. It needed something for exchange value. At the same time, we had managed to push Second Life (with its Linden dollars) to allow exchange with Bitcoin, but not many people use Linden dollars. Even now, there is evidence that Liberty Reserve wasn't just for criminals; it just started devolving into criminal usage because its operators did not care about compliance with anti-money laundering regulations and thought they were above the law. If Liberty Reserve had bothered to protect its customers by following AML laws, they would not have created the problems which led to their collapse.
I want money to be neutral but also subject to law. If Liberty Reserve had acted within the law, I would have no problem with them. I have the same feeling about today's crypto exchanges; I have no problem with them if they start acting within the law.
People wonder why I don't like bucket shops, such as Binance. Mt. Gox caused massive damage to the industry. And when Liberty Reserve closed, it took billions of dollars away from people.
I was a client and customer of Liberty Reserve. I used them to pay for legitimate goods and services, as well as for trading Bitcoin. David Kleiman and I both lost a lot of money because of the collapse of the Liberty Reserve. I personally lost millions in US dollar and Euro value.
So, if you're wondering why I am a little bitter, I don't like people stealing my money and I don't like people turning it into a joke. More importantly, Liberty Reserve's collapse led to many people losing huge amounts of Bitcoin, and Liberty Reserve's operators did an exit scam as they were collapsing.
- Binance CEO Changpeng Zhao and John McAfee, among others – claim that the real Satoshi "can digitally sign any message to prove it." And a 2015 Forbesarticle says, "Until someone signs a statement with the one PGP key people know is linked to the Satoshi who wrote the original Bitcoin paper, it's hard to trust any claims." Have you signed any messages with that key? And if not, why? Do you have any plans to do so in the future? Can you tell us when?
Signing with a PGP key does not definitively prove that you are Satoshi. That only proves that someone owns or controls a key. Proof of being Satoshi or creating Bitcoin has nothing to do with ownership or control of keys. That was never the intention of Bitcoin. This narrative about proving identity by signing a message comes from people who seek to create something that is very different from bitcoin.
The CEO of the bucket shop you reference is running a money-laundering operation. He benefits from getting people to believe that signing with a PGP key changes the way the law works. They want to do things such as saying that Ross Ulbrecht is innocent because keys that were captured with him have been used later, and therefore he cannot be responsible for Silk Road crimes.
Proof of identity has nothing to do with signing, and this is a misunderstanding of how Bitcoin works. Bitcoin is pseudonymous and requires differentkeys for every use. In fact, the Bitcoin white paper documents how you do notre-use keys: "The receiver generates a new key pair and gives the public key to the sender shortly before signing."
So this entire argument about (proof of Satoshi by signing with a private key) is from a group of people who seek to change the narrative, who try to bamboozle people into believing that Bitcoin is about getting around law and ignoring evidence, who they think all that matters is a cryptographic key. E-Gold was like that. But Bitcoin was never designed to be anything like E-Gold.
- In 2016, the International Business Times (IBT) conducted stylometry analysis to compare your writings with those of Satoshi. The chief scientist at Juola said that he doesn't believe you authored the bitcoin white paper. Can you explain why there are stylistic differences between your known writings and those associated with Nakamoto?
I'm flattered that someone went to all the trouble to try stylometry analysis. But the whole idea of it is somewhat absurd. People write in different styles all the time for any number of reasons: subject matter, audience, purpose, mood, even age. Do you write your resume for a job in the same style you text a friend to join you for a drink? Interestingly, my law thesis and my statistics thesis have been "judged" to be written by completely different people. I know that this is not the case.
- You've been very vocal about obtaining and filing for blockchain and crypto-related patents. Some opponents claim that your patent-seeking behavior doesn't reflect Nakamoto's cypherpunk ethos. They use this as "proof" that you're not Satoshi. Is the notion of intellectual property ownership contrary to cypherpunk ethos? If so, how has your thinking evolved from the early days of Bitcoin's development?
Satoshi Nakamoto did not follow a cyberpunk ethos. That is a fake narrative that took hold just because early followers of Bitcoin were cyperpunks and cryptoanarchists. In truth, Bitcoin was never designed to bypass law. It is exactly the opposite. Bitcoin was designed to create an immutable evidence trail that could not be degraded into something like EGold I was on the cyberpunk mailing list. But I also respect the law.
- On April 24th, cypherpunk Jameson Lopp released information comparing your online activity with Satoshi's from 2009-2010. Crypto Insidersays: "Upon clear comparative analysis, it appears that Craig Wright can't be Satoshi Nakamoto." Lopp does say that his study is not conclusive evidence of anything, but just another piece of the puzzle. Can you explain the error (if there is one) in Lopp's analysis?
Lopp seeks to create an anarchist system outside the law. His so-called analysis is one of the word I've ever seen. He fails to even note that blog posts are not written and loaded at the same time stated. Blog posts are often pre-written, and like my current ones, set to be published at a later time. Consequently, the date and times of blog publishing has nothing to do with my sleeping activities, and cannot necessarily be correlated to the dates and times when emails are being sent.
BSV & Satoshi "Libel" Lawsuits
Next, I'd like to ask a few questions about your pending lawsuits and your plans to prove your identity. Also, I'm hoping you can help readers (and myself) understand a little bit more about Bitcoin SV.
- Can you please provide a couple of specific examples of how BSV aligns with the Bitcoin White Paper and is the real Bitcoin? Please use as little technical language as possible. This reporter is a non-tech person, just seeking to understand and explain it as simply as possible to readers.
Bitcoin is set in stone. It doesn't change the protocol. Adding things like SegWit changes the white paper's definition of a coin (which is a "chain of digital signatures.") The SegWit fork created an air drop of a new coin (SegWit coin) that is no longer Bitcoin. Bitcoin does not fork. There are no protocol changes in Bitcoin. That is what set in stone means. Miners can vote on rules, not protocol. To change rules, this alters the way that blocks are discovered but not transactions. The basic protocol in Bitcoin is one that is set and remains forever. This is important to ensure Bitcoin is reliable money forever.
Bitcoin also must massively scale on-chain, in order to support higher transaction volumes and more transaction fees for miners. As block rewards continue to halve every few years, miners need to earn more in transaction fees so they remain profitable and continue sustain the chain. That is a critical aspect of Bitcoin's original vision, not Layer 2/Lightning Network disasters which take the transactions off the chain.
- Is your current lawsuit against Peter McCormack and Vitalik Buterin – among others – only a libel/defamation suit? Or will you prove that you are Satoshi conclusively to a judge? In an interview with Bloomberg, you told the reporter that this lawsuit "will give me the chance to prove my credentials in front of a judge rather than being judged by Twitter." What credentials will you be seeking to prove? And can you tell us anything about the evidence you'll present or how you plan to do so?
The cases are for libel. I will present my evidence to the court, and not talk about it in advance.
But I will explain why I chose to fight these battles in court rather than online. Social media battles never get you anywhere, because people just make up information and fight with memes. But evidence law has been developed over centuries to make decisions based only upon real evidence that can be authenticated and is reliable.
Also using the court system is a way to reject the "code is law" movement, which is driven by misguided anarchists who have no true understanding of Bitcoin. Bitcoin is designed to work within law and was never designed as an anarchist system, and was not developed for people to buy and sell drugs or other illicit material. Therefore, I choose to win my disputes in court, with real evidence and real law.
- Until you get your day in court, the court of public opinion is the only one that matters. Obviously, claims like the ones McCormack, McAfee, and Vitalik made against you and your integrity cost you heavily, with Binance, Kraken, and Shapeshift all delisting BSV and temporarily tanking the coin's price. I can understand your intense frustration at influential people in the crypto space slandering your name and your coin. Can you provide any information, proof, or evidence now – to all the Twitter and other social media judges out there – that might help to change the narrative or at least cause some readers to question their preconceived judgements about you and your claims?
You're wrong in saying the court of public opinion is all that matters. Truth is what matters, and truth always wins out in the end.
Libel cases are all about truth. It is better to have one source and that will be the UK court – of course those who don't really want to know the truth will stick to their guns but that will become increasingly irrelevant in the face of that decision.
Binance, Kraken and ShapeShift made a big mistake in ganging up against BSV. By delisting BSV because they do not like me personally, they hurt the public market and investment value of many people around the world who have nothing to do with me. That's market manipulation.
BSV will recover and grow because it is the original Bitcoin. People should form their feelings about BSV because of its long term utility to build real value, not because of speculation and not based on decisions of some unethical exchanges.
- A CoinGeek article says, "BSV is the only real Bitcoin because it follows Satoshi's Vision and as such is the only one that can scale to meet whatever the future can throw at it. Evidence of this will be amply available at the upcoming CoinGeek conference in Toronto on May 29-30." Can you tell us anything about that evidence now?
Bitcoin must massively scale. That is the original vision and only BSV can accomplish this. The CoinGeek Toronto conference will be full of scaling news and businesses explaining why BSV's massive scaling plan leads them to build their enterprise applications on BSV. Come to Toronto to see.
- You correctly predicted the downfall of Tether, so I have to ask if you have some predictions about what will happen to other coins if/when you prove that you are Satoshi Nakamoto. In a recent article, a Bitcoinist journalist asks the question: "would we all eschew Bitcoin if we foundout that he had been the inventor?" He concludes that we – the bitcoin community – would not. Do you have any predictions about what will happen to Bitcoin (BTC) if/when you, Dr. Wright, definitively prove that you are Satoshi Nakamoto? (both what will happen to the community and the price of the coin).Do you anticipate the price of BSV to increase significantly following the upcoming CoinGeek conference? How about after your lawsuit against those who defamed you on social media?In your vision of the future, is there room for more than one blockchain and more than one cryptocurrency? Or will one (presumably BSV from your lens) super-cede all others?
This is the mistake you and everyone else is making – focusing on price. We do not focus on the price of other coins or even of BSV. We focus on building Bitcoin to be the global blockchain and the world's new money. When that comes, everything else follows – including real price value. But you have to build real utility.
And yes, Bitcoin [BSV] will be the single global blockchain and the dominant electronic cash for the world.
- Do you have any plans for the 1.1 million BTC in the Tulip Trust? Should we expect to see it move on January 1st, 2020?
I don't ask you about your finances, and people should stop asking me about mine.
Following UP
Of course, I had to follow up, and I video recorded that interview. You can read a transcript of that interview, along with a few of my thoughts on the topic here. I will continue to write about it and provide a link to my CCN article when it's published.


text:
A good summary of the panel discussion follows this introduction.
Capitalizing on trends, having big-picture visions, and making project pitches stand out while also appealing to niche audiences were some of the topics addressed during an April 16 American Book Producers Association panel called "Straight Talk on Juvenile Publishing." The panel featured three speakers: Wesley Adams, executive editor at Farrar, Straus and Giroux Books for Young Readers; Sarah Fabiny, editor-in-chief for series and licenses at Grosset & Dunlap and PSS, in the Penguin Young Readers Group; and Beverly Horowitz, v-p and publisher at Random House/Delacorte. ABPA treasurer Valerie Tomaselli served as moderator.
via Changes and Trends in Children's and YA Publishing: An ABPA Panel.


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We have got the world's most advanced producing and examining facilities, so we have strong production capacity. Since we have paid much attention to product quality, we have been qualified by ISO9002, QS9000 and VDA6. 1 and got the certificate of ISO/TS16949 as well as Pony international test certificate.
We supply sealing strips for car skylight, door and window, door decoration, door-around, waterproof on the door, electric device usage, elevator glass sliding chute in door, and windshield decorations outdoor of all kinds and sealing strips for using on high speed trains, ships, buildings and other industries as well.
We have static electricity flocking sealing strips, cotton batting-all -steel three composite sealing strips, cotton batting-all-steel three composite sealing strips, all-cotton batting-all-steel four composite sealing strips, cotton batting rubber sealing strips, soft plastic-hard plastic-steel composite sealing strips and all-rubber-plastic-static electricity flocking sealing strips.
With our efforts, producing technology and examining artifice have become proficient and perfect day by day. Our products are sold in various markets both at home and abroad. Since we acquired self-supporting import & export rights ,export rate of our product has nearly been up to 70%. Our products mainly export to Europe, America, Japan, France, Australia, Southeast Asia and other countries and areas. We have never suffered unqualified issues,They all prefer and welcome our products.
Trade Capacity View More >
|Main Markets
|Total Revenue(%)
|Mid East
|Eastern Europe
|Central America
|Southern Europe
|North America
|South America
|Western Europe
|South Asia
|Northern Europe
|Eastern Asia
|Export Percentage:
|71% - 80%
|Export Mode:
|Using an agent
|No. of Employees in Trade Department:
|11-20 People
Email to this supplier
- Company Overview
- Company Introduction
- Company Capability
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- R&D Capacity
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text:
Home Page
Manhattan's Most Convenient Shopping
Easily find parking.
Shop the brands you love.
Contribute to community growth.
East River Plaza, originally the Washburn Wire Factory, was transformed into a retail power center by Blumenfeld Development Group, Ltd. to contribute to the revitalization of East Harlem. It is now home to brands like Marshalls, Old Navy, Target, Costco, and Aldi to provide New Yorkers a convenient shopping experience with the national retailers they love most. Throughout the shopping center, you can spot artwork by emerging artists and join in on community events hosted by East River Plaza.


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Using Apache HTTP as reverse proxy
The Apache HTTP Server, colloquially called Apache, is a free and open-source cross-platform web server. This article explains briefly how to set up Apache as a reverse proxy to a web site in an internal network.
To set the expectations in this article. I'm not going to explain you how to install Apache web server or how to get it operational on your system. There are thousands of tutorials including my own Accessing your web server via IPv6 on the Internet that already cover that step.
In case more information about the configuration directives used below is needed, I recommend to consult the official documentation of a particular keyword.
The scenario
I have a web site running on a system in an internal network. This could be either a full-fledged Windows/Linux server or an IoT device running on a single board computer (SBC), like i.e. a Raspberry Pi, an Arduino, ESP8266 chipset.
Now, I want to enable access from the Internet to that internal server using Apache.
Configuring Apache as reverse proxy
In order to complete our task we need to look into the features of the mod_proxy module for Apache. Here, we get a directive called
ProxyPass which does the job as expected. According to Apache's Reverse Proxy Guide the simplest example proxies all requests (
"/") to a single backend:
ProxyPass "/" "http://www.example.com/"
Additionally, to hide any reference to the system on the internal network it is required to specify the directive
ProxyPassReverse to modify certain HTTP header values in the response, and use the proxy data instead.
Following is a working example of how to set up a virtual host in Apache that provides reverse proxy capabilities.
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName mediacentre.kirstaetter.name
ProxyRequests On
ProxyPreserveHost On
ProxyVia full
<Proxy *>
Order deny,allow
Allow from all
ProxyPass / http://10.0.240.4:8080/
ProxyPassReverse / http://10.0.240.4:8080/
The host system on IP address 10.0.240.4 is part of an OpenVPN infrastructure and therefore accessible from the proxy system.
Multiple proxies possible
No problem with Apache. You can configure and run as many reverse proxies as would like to. One has to pay attention to avoid overlaps either via
ServerName directive or by using different port numbers to bind to. Although I have only one reverse proxy running on Apache I configured multiple scenarios using nginx. More details are described in Using nginx as reverse proxy.
Do you have any interesting use cases or active configurations of Apache as reverse proxy? If yes, please use the comment section below give me and other readers more details. Thanks!Image credit: Nick Fewing
Using nginx as reverse proxy
Nginx (read: engine-x) has versatile options to set up web sites and more advanced configurations. This article explains briefly how to set up nginx as a reverse proxy to a web site in an internal network.
NGINX is a free, open-source, high-performance HTTP server and reverse proxy, as well as an IMAP/POP3 proxy server. Source: https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/
The scenario
I have a web site running on a system in an internal network. This could be either a full-fledged Windows/Linux server or an IoT device running on a single board computer (SBC), like i.e. a Raspberry Pi, an Arduino, ESP8266 chipset.
Now, I want to enable access from the Internet to that internal server using nginx.
Setting up nginx
In order to set up the solution you need to have a public facing web server on the Internet. Most probably it already runs nginx to serve your web site or blogging software.
I'm running a root server on Debian/GNU Linux and nginx is already installed. You can check your own system quickly like so for any running process:
$ ps fax | grep nginx
Or if you prefer a bit more details like so:
$ sudo service nginx status
● nginx.service - A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled)
Active: active (running) since Do 2019-01-03 03:28:11 CET; 4 days ago
Docs: man:nginx(8)
Process: 29505 ExecStop=/sbin/start-stop-daemon --quiet --stop --retry QUIT/5 --pidfile /run/nginx.pid (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 29537 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on; (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 29535 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t -q -g daemon on; master_process on; (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 29539 (nginx)
CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
├─29539 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on;
├─29540 nginx: worker process
├─29541 nginx: worker process
├─29542 nginx: worker process
└─29543 nginx: worker process
In case that nginx is not even installed on your system you could look up the package information like so:
$ apt search ^nginx
And install the web server using apt-get like so:
$ sudo apt-get install nginx-full
Which will then install nginx web/proxy server and all its dependencies on your server.
Configuring nginx as reverse proxy
Now, we have an operational installation of nginx on our Internet-facing system. We are going to create a new configuration file that defines the necessary proxy information to access our service on the internal network.
First create a new file below nginx configuration folder using your preferred text editor.
$ cd /etc/nginx/sites-available/
$ sudo nano raspberry
The file name should be relevant to either the kind of services or the system that you are going to shield using nginx as proxy.
Next, write the following server definition into your configuration file. Of course, you would adjust the server name and the IP address according to your environment:
server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
server_name raspberry.kirstaetter.name;
server_tokens off;
location / {
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_pass 10.0.240.3;
That is the minimal configuration you would have to specify in order to run nginx as a reverse proxy to a system on your internal network. The given IP address needs to be accessible from your public web server, i.e. using a VPN infrastructure based on OpenVPN.
After saving and closing the new nginx configuration it is time to enable and check the syntax for any errors. To enable an available configuration you need to either place it or link it into the folder
sites-enabled of nginx.
$ cd ../sites-enabled
$ sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/raspberry raspberry
Now, to avoid any unexpected shutdowns or better said launching issues you should always run a configuration test before restarting the nginx service. This can be done quickly using the following command:
$ sudo service nginx configtest
[ ok ] Testing nginx configuration:.
Should your configuration file have any unknown directives and errors the output of
configtest looks like this:
$ sudo service nginx configtest
[FAIL] Testing nginx configuration: failed!
You will find more details about the nature of the problem and the line number in the error log file below /var/log, i.e. here:
$ sudo cat /var/log/nginx/error.log
2019/01/07 13:50:07 [emerg] 21662#21662: unknown directive "server_?name" in /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/raspberry:5
Only when all problems have been resolved and you have a positive response from the configtest you should restart the nginx service.
$ sudo service nginx restart
Resolve a domain name
The above described sample is very basic, and sometimes it might be necessary to avoid using an IP address for internal service. Luckily, this can configured using the
resolver directive in an nginx configuration file like so:
server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
server_name raspberry.kirstaetter.name;
server_tokens off;
resolver 127.0.0.1;
location / {
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_pass rasp01.local;
The change in our configuration file now assumes that I have a DNS server running on the local machine which knows how to handle and resolve the specified domain name
Again, this article covers the basics of reverse proxying using nginx only. There are more interesting scenario like setting your own DNS server on the internal network to provide public access to an internal resource.
Perhaps, you might want to proxy an existing service with your own custom domain, in case that the service provide does not offer this option. Using a public DNS server like Cloudflare's 126.96.36.199, Google Public DNS (184.108.40.206), or OpenDNS as resolver should give you some ideas.
Provide secure access using SSL
Let's take the following scenario into consideration. Your internal resource might not be configurable with an SSL certificate but you would like to enable HTTPS protocol communication from the Internet. Setting up nginx with an SSL certificate is well-documented and to combine this with the above described proxy features is a breeze to achieve.
Following you will get a more complete configuration file based on the previous example, now SSL-enabled using a Let's Encrypt certificate.
server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
listen 443 ssl http2;
listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
server_name raspberry.kirstaetter.name;
server_tokens off;
server_name_in_redirect off;
client_max_body_size 50m;
ssl on;
ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/raspberry.kirstaetter.name/fullchain.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/raspberry.kirstaetter.name/privkey.pem;
# modern configuration. tweak to your needs.
ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
ssl_ciphers 'ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256';
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# HTTP headers
add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
add_header X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN;
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
add_header Referrer-Policy no-referrer-when-downgrade;
root /var/www/raspberry;
access_log /var/log/nginx/raspberry.kirstaetter.name.access_log gzip;
error_log /var/log/nginx/raspberry.kirstaetter.name.error_log info;
resolver 127.0.0.1;
location / {
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_pass rasp01.local;
location ~ /.well-known {
allow all;
The specified SSL options in regards to protocols and ciphers are an arbitrary choice of mine. If you have suggestions on how to improve the SSL setup, please leave a comment below.
Eventually the
http2 directive might be an issue. Either check that you are using a recent version of nginx that has HTTP/2 support backed in or remove the value from the
listen directive in the configuration file.
Multiple proxies
No problem with nginx. You can configure and run as many reverse proxies as would like to. Right now, I think I have three or four proxies running. Interestingly, one of them is an older set up based on Apache HTTPd which I'm going to write about in a separate article.
Do you have any interesting use cases or active configurations of nginx as reverse proxy? If yes, please use the comment section below give me and other readers more details. Thanks!Image credit: Otto Norin


text:
Niccolò Paganini sheet music
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text: solace88 0 Posted May 23, 2011 Hi all Hope everyone is keeping well. Just wanted to ask for an opinion regarding a gear problem in a R34 skyline that he bought locally here. It drives well except when shifting into 4th or 5th gear he describes grinding and unable to shift smoothly into the gear. However, once it is in it seems to engage and goes alright (does not stall). Does this sound like a worn synchro/ gearbox? Where would you take an R34 to do some work on and what are the estimate costs you looking at? Thanks for reading! Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


text:
After Week #9 of Sgt Shanahan's Boot Camp, we are seeing many repeat trainees coming each week. Do you know what that equates to? Success Stories and many of them, it's amazing!
Congrats to our Boot Camp #8 and #9 MVP's
Melina, Pat and Estella
Join us Saturday, September 8 @ 10:00AM for another session
Funk Roberts
Don't Rush the Beat!


text:
monocle,smiley, mustache, "black mustache", moustache, "mustache smiley", "mustached smiley", fun, whimsical,satire , "smiley face", face, smile,smily,handlebar,"handlebar mustache", "handle bar mustache", yellow,funny, "happy face", funny, humor, humorous, "moustache smiley", smilie, yellow, blue, retro, vintage, cool, victorian, "silly mustache", View larger image
Mustache with Monocle Smiley Beverage Coaster: Made with high-gloss plastic and a non-skid cork backing, these coasters display your photos and designs with vivid and sharp colors. Perfect for hot and cold drinks, custom coasters are a great complement to any table or surface. Check out other products with this design or view all kitchen.
Mustache with Monocle Smiley Beverage Coaster by Mustache Gifts
Satisfaction Guaranteed
This cork coaster with our Mustache with Monocle Smiley design is made-to-order by Zazzle.com. Zazzle offers 100% money back guarantee on our high quality Cute Union products. In case you are not happy with your purchase, you can always return your cork coaster for an exchange or refund within 30 days of receipt. See customer service for more information.


text:
From David Humphreys to Henry Jackson, 13 March 1783
Head Quarters March 13th 1783
Dr Sir
The Commander in Chief has no objection that Chris. [Beebe] of your Regt should receive a furlough for such time as you shall think necessary. I am Dr Sir Your Most Obedt Servt
D. Humphrys A[.D.C.]


text:
Company Profile
Topwin Crafts Manufacture Co., Ltd. is one of China's leading keychain, medal, badge and coin manufacturer since establishment in 2003. Over the past decades, we have been designing and producing wide range of custom made keychains, medals, badges and coins to the customers in USA, UK, Australia, Denmark, Japan, Spain, UAE, etc.
Our factory covers 5,200 square meters building area and equipped with comprehensive facilities, eg. CNC, Die casting, stamping, polishing, electroplating, laser engraving and assembly. There are more than 160 skilled staff working at our factory.
Our product range includes metal keychains, leather keychains, plastic keychains, souvenir keychains, bottle openers, medals, badges, coins, cufflinks, fridge magnets, luggage tags, etc. More than 90% of our products are exported overseas in more than 40 countries.
With most parts produced and processed in house, this ensures we can always offer good and stable quality, competitive price and short lead time to the customers. Over the past years, we own very good reputations from many customers due to good quality products, on-time delivery and excellent services.
We look forward to building more successful partership with customers worldwide.
Company Pictures
Main Market
Brand Customers


text:
After the silence of the first half of the year, Grandpa's Yeezy 350 V2 will usher in the first commercial color distribution this year in July! This pair is called the coconut adidas Yeezy Boost 350 V2 "Butter" butter brand new color
The whole body of the shoe is light yellow, and the 350 V2 iconic paint strip and SPLY-350 are also covered in the same color. It resembles the Cream White white style. The upper foot performance is more eye-catching and the overall feeling is really refreshing, very suitable. Dressed in summer.
1.The new color scheme is designed with a new reverse Primeknit knit structure. The original stripe logo on the upper and the word "SPLY-350" are moved to the inside and present a clean and clean visual with a "butter" color. Effect. Yeezy 350 butter cancels the font of the upper. Since the white and sesame color schemes are postponed until the end of the year, I want to wear them in summer and autumn. There is really no other choice. Low-cut shoes, plus Boost and Primeknit woven uppers, these shoes are also ideal for summer wear.
2.the whole pair of shoes is fresh and simple, and the faint yellow is not exaggerated. Compared with the previous pairs of yeezy350, the thickness and texture of the upper have not changed. With a light yellow color and a tonal midsole and a light-colored rubber outsole, the overall feel is truly fresh, perfect for summer wear.
3.from the overall shape, so this pair of yeezy 350 is still the previous taste, in addition, the shoe heel added Adidas clover three bars 3M reflective Oh! Yeezy 350 Boost V2 has a dexterous and versatile temperament. It doesn't matter how you wear it. The yellowed butter color is not only unique in color, but also slightly resistant to dirt compared to pure white color. Like pure white, it is equally eye-catching, but its personality and viscera are different.
4.the insole is still the standard insole of yeezy, there is nothing to say. The sole is still translucent in creamy yellow.
As the launching shoe of the Yeezy boom, the charm of the Yeezy Boost 350 V2 is not too small, so look at how the foreign net red toe caps or the hipsters match how the shoes are presented under the lens.
The upper foot performance of these shoes is still very good, with simple denim and solid short sleeves can be easily controlled, the yellow on the shoes is not easy to eye, very low-key. If you go through yeezy350
Then the feet of these shoes don't have to be introduced too much for you, comfortable and breathable, soft and flicky, if you like, you can start this pair of Yeezy350 v2 "butter"


text:
Joanne Ma | Local Love Business Feature
I met local Mom and entrepreneur Joanne Ma just recently at the healthy family expo. I had heard of her company, Modern Fort because they were selling these beautiful totes from Raw Beauty Talks, "less is more" campaign, and I knew I had to have one! I got to talking with Joanne and right away, I fell in love with her and her business. She has created a company that partners-up local designers of various products with local charities and organizations to help raise funds for different social causes. Each month Modern Fort launches a new campaign, selling a new specially designed product that raises awareness and funds for a local cause. It's such an amazing business model, I love it and support Joanne wholeheartedly. I was so excited when she decided to come out in support of Cause We Care last month with her adorable little girl. And, I was thrilled to see her beautiful baby bump.
I asked Joanne to answer a few questions, read her story below:
Tell us a bit about yourself.
My background is in behavioural sciences. I just recently took a leave from a clinical position where I provided behavioural consultation to children and families living with Autism Spectrum Disorder. I've been working in the autism field for over 12 years and it rapidly came to a halt when my daughter was experiencing some significant medical issues. This required me to be at home more often, be at doctor's visits more frequently, and be a mom 110% of the time. Finally, I wasn't able to commit my time at the job I loved and had to make a decision that a leave was necessary at this time. During a very low moment of my life, I really needed a creative outlet. Something that I had control of so that I wouldn't dig myself into a deeper, darker hole. As a career driven women, it was very difficult for me not to be working. This is when the idea of Modern Fort came to be. I would set up an online shop and sell things that I had designed and doodled in my notepad. I love gender-neutral clothing and this is where I thought I would start. This then would allow me to stay at home to be with my daughter, take her to visits, and still be involved in the adult world some how.
Tell us a bit about your business.
So, when Modern Fort started, I knew it would be a cause-based business. This meant that I would commit to giving back to the community every month based on the profits that were made. However, I saw even more potential for this as I started connecting with moms on social media. There is an incredible community of mompreneurs on Instagram and immediately I was drawn to their strength, vision, and passion. I thought to myself, if I was to create a business, I want it to mean something. Especially with what was happening with our little family, I wanted to make sure there was good in the world so that despite whatever my daughter was going through – she knew there were good people doing good things. This is why every month, Modern Fort dedicates its time and resources to building awareness and involvement in community causes/projects that are worth talking about. Along with my background in social-emotional development, I really wanted to ensure that we were able to shine light on causes that really helps build one's social-emotional and mental well-being. The goal is to create designs and products that are essentially conversation starters. We want to create a platform where small businesses would collaborate to benefit the community on a personal level. We want to create a modern way of positive social change.
What's the most exciting thing you are working on right now?
There are two things that are extremely exciting at the moment.
1) Not only are we a social venture that aims to give back to the community, we want to help create opportunities for young children and adults to participate and get involved with building positive social change both individually and as a group. We are working on a school series where we'll be challenging elementary and secondary schools to design products that they wish to sell to help raise funds for a particular cause. We'll provide mentorship and guidance with every step from design to production to sales. The objective of this is to create an environment where students are working together towards a common goal – that actually benefits other people in the community.
2) The second component that's really exciting for Modern Fort is providing vocational experience and job coaching for adolescents and young adults with special needs in a working environment. We're aiming to set a platform to help integrate individuals with disabilities into the workforce. This requires a lot planning with key stakeholders but we are optimistic that this opportunity will help kickstart the idea of inclusion in the work force.
Where would you be if you hadn't started your own business?
I honestly don't know where I'd be without Modern Fort. I'd hate to think about the what ifs… but I truly believe I'd be lost without this passion project.
What do like most about having your own business?
What I like most about having my own business is the flexibility. It really does allow me the opportunity to be with my child and continue to be actively involved with the community in a meaningful way. The other thing is meeting incredible people that are like-minded and willing to help in any way. I've met so many extraordinary moms and entrepreneurs that I wouldn't have if I didn't start my own business.
I know that work-life balance is a myth, but tell us what you do to keep things fair between your business and your family.
It IS a myth. There isn't a balance. One is always being compromised while the other takes focus. You cannot do it both at the same time. But, you can most definitely try. Family always comes first. I try my best to do all my packaging after my daughter goes to bed. But there are days when I cannot even begin "work" due to pure exhaustion. So I try and balance my week. With doctors visits and other commitments, I try and schedule everything I need to do with my daughter every Mon/Wed/Fri. I'll then do all my "work" on Tues/Thurs. Saturdays we try and work as a family (packaging, emailing, shipping if needed). And on Sunday, we rest.
Do you have family photographs in your home? If yes, what value do they hold?
Absolutely! We have a gallery wall that showcases our marriage and pictures of our daughter. We're expecting our second in August so we're also excited about filling the space up with some new pictures. There's something about capturing a moment in time and displaying it as a constant reminder of the love we have. Not only does it remind us of the love we have, but also the things/people we could easily lose. This then serves as a gentle reminder not to take anything for granted – especially those around you.
What advice do you have for Moms out there who are thinking of starting their own business?
Jump. You need to just jump. It will be scary and it will be unfamiliar – but you'll only regret the things you don't try. Surround yourself with positive people that will help make your vision come true. We can't do it all, but chances are, we'll meet people that can help us get there. So don't be afraid to ask.
Outside of business and family life what would you say is your most meaningful pursuit?
I guess outside of business and family, my most meaningful pursuit would have been obtaining my Masters degree in Educational Pscychology and Special Education. This really allowed me the tools needed to truly understand inclusion and how to achieve this to help improve an individual's quality of life.
What do you daydream about?
Right now. Mostly food. I think about food a lot. Must be the pregnancy (at least that's my excuse)… but right after that, I often daydream about what the kids would be like when they're grown up. The kind of person they'll be and what they'll do.
Favourite Colour?
I'm a monochrome kind of gal. Blacks, whites… with a hint of gold, of course.


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Brick & Stone Walkways & Driveways for Developments
Today, the quality of walkways and driveways matters a lot to homeowners. Most of them want something that is unique, natural, and durable at the same time. So, if you are a residential developer or an architect, the best option at your fingertips is to hire professional masons like us to design the walkways and driveways for you with bricks and stones. These materials are the real deal. As they are made of granite, limestone, marble, and other quality refractory materials, they last longer and add more value to buildings. In fact, if you use any of these materials in your residential or commercial projects, rest assured that the value of the structure will not depreciate.


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Dustbins. We carry an extensive range of plastic dustbins. . 1765, Geylang Bahru, #01-05, Singapore 339701 Tel: 65-67413292 Fax: 65-67412593 © Copyright.
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