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Introduction Important Information and Customer Assistance Important Information Federal Laws Governing the Use of Radar Detectors It is not against federal law to receive radar transmissions with your Cobra radar/ laser detector. The Communications Act of 1924 guarantees your right to receive radio transmissions on any frequency. Local laws that contravene this Act, while illegal, may be enforced by your local law enforcement officials until and unless they are prohibited from doing so by federal court action. Operating Instructions The Cobra line of quality products includes: • Safety Alert Use of this product is not intended to, and does not, ensure that motorists or passengers will not be involved in traffic accidents. It is only intended to alert the motorist that an emergency vehicle equipped with a Cobra Safety Alert transmitter is within range as defined by that product. Please call local fire and police departments to learn if coverage exists in your area. Safe Driving Motorists, as well as operators of emergency or service vehicles, are expected to exercise all due caution while using this product, and to obey all applicable traffic laws. Security of Your Vehicle Before leaving your vehicle, always remember to conceal your radar detector in order to reduce the possibility of break-in and theft. CB Radios microTALK® Radios Radar/Laser Detectors Customer Assistance Customer Assistance Safety Alert® Traffic Warning Systems Mobile GPS Navigation Systems HighGear® Accessories For Assistance in the U.S.A. Automated Help Desk English only. 24 hours a day, 7 days a week 773-889-3087 (phone). ® CobraMarine VHF Radios Marine Chartplotters Power Inverters Accessories For more information or to order any of our products, please visit our website: www.cobra.com ® Nothing Comes Close to a Cobra • Should you encounter any problems with this product, or not understand its many features, please refer to this owner's manual. If you require further assistance after reading this manual, Cobra Electronics offers the following customer assistance services: English 12 BAND™ ULTRA PERFORMANCE DIGITAL RADAR/LASER DETECTOR WITH XTREME RANGE SUPERHETERODYNE® TECHNOLOGY XRS 9840 ® Nothing Comes Close to a Cobra Customer Assistance Operators English and Spanish. 8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Central Time Mon. through Fri. (except holidays) 773-889-3087 (phone). Questions English and Spanish. Faxes can be received at 773-622-2269 (fax). Technical Assistance English only. www.cobra.com (on-line: Frequently Asked Questions). English and Spanish. product firstname.lastname@example.com (e-mail). Printed in China Part No. 480-421-P Version H For Assistance Outside the U.S.A. Contact Your Local Dealer ©2008 Cobra Electronics Corporation 6500 West Cortland Street Chicago, Illinois 60707 USA www.cobra.com Nothing Comes Close to a Cobra® English A1 Introduction Introduction Controls, Indicators, Connections and Display Introduction Controls, Indicators, Connections and Display Windshield Bracket Release Button • Windshield Bracket Mounting Slot LaserEye For 360° detection of laser and strobe signals. Auxiliary Audio Jack Speaker Menu/Save Button Press once to enter Program mode. Press again to save settings. On-Off/Volume Control Allows user to adjust the volume of the tone and voice alerts. Mute Button For manual mute of audio alerts and to select/adjust options while programming. ExtremeBright DataGrafixTM Display Blue sunlight-readable, extremely bright display provides intuitive graphical interaction and alert screens. A2 English Customer Assistance Product Features City Button For changing between Highway and City modes and to move forward through options while programming. 13.2V Xtreme Range Superheterodyne Technology With super-fast sweep circuitry, XRS provides extra detection range and the best possible advance warning to even the fastest radar guns Ultra Performance Provides advanced warning with extra detection range Detection and Separate Alerts For radar signals (X, K, Ka and Ku bands, with signal strength indicated), laser signals, Safety Alert signals, Strobe Alert signals, VG-2 signals, Spectre 1 signals 8-Point Compass Displays direction of travel LaserEye For 360° detection of laser and strobe signals Instant-On Ready Detects radar guns with "instant-on" (very fast) speed monitoring capabilities Pop Detection Detects the latest super-fast radar guns of the instant-on or single-pulse type Voice or Tone Alert With adjustable volume TM ExtremeBright DataGrafix Display With easy-to-read graphical user interface IntelliShield Highway/City Modes Reduces falsing in urban areas with Highway mode and three levels of City mode settings Accessories Order Info Ordering From U.S.A. • Call 773-889-3087 for pricing or visit www.cobra.com. Congratulations! You've made a smart choice by purchasing an ultra high performance digital radar/laser detector from Cobra. Just look at some of the sophisticated features and capabilities your new unit includes: 12V DC Power Jack Dim Button Adjusts the display brightness and scrolls through option settings while programming. Product Features For Credit Card Orders Call 773-889-3087 [Press one from the main menu] 8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Central Time, Monday through Friday. Safety Alert Traffic warning system distinguishes important safety alerts from other K band signals Strobe Alert Emergency vehicle warning system Manual Mute or Auto Mute A mute function of audio alerts IntelliMute A mute function which automatically reduces false alerts by sensing engine RPMs SmartPower A timed power saving function that saves your car's battery EasySet Programming User-friendly mode selection and setting with visual guidance Car Battery Voltage Display Car battery voltage can be shown continuously on the display Car Battery Low Voltage Warning Provides an alert when the car battery voltage drops below 11.9 volts Auxiliary Audio Jack For external speaker connection Mounting Mounts easily on windshield or dashboard Make Check or Money Order Payable To Cobra Electronics, Attn: Accessories Dept., 6500 West Cortland Street, Chicago, IL 60707 U.S.A. To Order Online Please visit our website: www.cobra.com Item # Description 420-030-N-001 420-026-N-001 545-159-N-001 CLP-2B Straight 12V Power Cord Coiled 12V Power Cord Windshield Mounting Bracket Dual Port Power Adapter WARNING Modifications or parts substitutions not approved by Cobra Electronics Corporation may violate FCC Rules and void your authority to operate this equipment. Nothing Comes Close to a Cobra® A3 Nothing Comes Close to a Cobra® 37 Introduction Contents Introduction Important Information . . . . . . . . . . A1 Customer Assistance . . . . . . . . . . A1 Controls, Indicators, Connections and Display . . . . . . A2 Product Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . A3 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Your Detector Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Power On/Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Standby Screen Icons . . . . . . . . . 7 Display Brightness Control . . . . . . . 7 Display Timeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 IntelliShield Highway/City Modes . 8 Muting an Alert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Auxiliary Audio Jack . . . . . . . . . . 9 EasySet Programming . . . . . . . . . . 10 Program Flow Diagrams . . . . . . . . 12 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 User Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 City Mode Default . . . . . . . . . 14 IntelliMute Mode . . . . . . . . . . 14 Set IntelliMute . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Auto Mute Mode . . . . . . . . . . 16 Voice or Tone Mode . . . . . . . . 16 Compass Mode . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Set Compass . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 SmartPower Mode . . . . . . . . . 18 Customizable Display Colors . . 18 Dim Mode Default . . . . . . . . . 18 Car Battery Voltage Display Mode . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Car Battery Low Voltage Warning . . . . . . . . . 19 Restore Factory Settings . . . . 19 Settings (Continued) Alert Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Pop Alert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 X Band Alert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 K Band Alert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Ku Band Alert . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 VG-2 Alert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 VG-2 Audio Mode . . . . . . . . . 20 Spectre 1 Alert . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Spectre 1 Audio Mode . . . . . . 21 Safety Alert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Signals Detected . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Audio Alerts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Visual Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Instant-On Detection . . . . . . . . . 25 Pop Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Responding to Alerts . . . . . . . . . 25 Understanding Radar and Laser . . 26 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Warranty Limited 1-Year Warranty . . . . . . . . 30 Customer Assistance Product Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Trademark Acknowledgement . . . . 32 Optional Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Accessories Order Info . . . . . . . . . 37 Appendix – Menu Guides User Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Alert Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Nothing Comes Close to a Cobra® 1 Introduction Overview Your Detector Installation This manual describes the simple steps for mounting, setting up and using your detector. It also provides helpful information about how radar and laser guns are used and how you can interpret the alerts you receive. Installation Where to Mount Your Unit Before you begin your installation, please read the Important Information section on page A1 and use the descriptions and feature lists on pages A2 and A3 to become familiar with your new detector. You will get optimum performance from your detector if you mount it at a point approximately in the center of the vehicle, as low as possible on the front windshield without obstructing the unit's view of the road either to the front or rear. You can also mount it directly on the dashboard. About Your Detector Display Windshield Mounting • • Dashboard Mounting This detector's innovative new display provides more, easier-to-use information than any technology to date. Using an OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) screen, the display offers large graphical alerts to signals as they are detected. Do not be alarmed by the nearly blank display you see when you first turn the unit on. The detector will function and alerts will appear as signals are detected. You can also elect to turn on the built-in Compass, IntelliMute and Car Voltage, so that they appear during normal operation. The initial and startup screens are shown on page 6. The unit's lens must not be blocked and the LaserEye should have a clear view out the back window to allow 360° detection. The LaserEye Should Have a Clear View Programming EasySet Programming lets you conveniently customize the operation of your detector by changing the settings. You may want to start using the detector with the factory settings and then make changes after you are more familiar with the unit. About This Manual Please take a moment to learn about some special features of this manual. Modular Descriptions Once the detector is in use, this manual can be used as a ready reference to individual topics as needed. Each topic is completely covered in its section and cross-references to related topics are included where appropriate. Appendix The appendix pages 34–36 provide quick reference charts on the programming features of your detector. 2 English • Radar and laser signals pass through glass but not through other materials and objects. Objects that can block or weaken incoming signals include: ■ Windshield wiper blades ■ Mirrored sun screens ■ Dark tinting at the top of the windshield ■ Heated windshields currently available on some vehicles (Instaclear for Ford, Electriclear for GM). Consult your dealer to see if you have this option. Nothing Comes Close to a Cobra® 3 Your Detector Installation Windshield Mounting 1. Attach the rubber cups to the bracket. 2. Make sure the rubber cups and your windshield are clean. 3. Push the bracket firmly onto the windshield. 4. Attach the detector to the bracket. Check that the unit is parallel to the road's surface. 5. To adjust the angle if necessary, gently push or pull on the bracket to bend it. DO NOT use the detector to bend the bracket. 6. Plug the power cord into the detector. 7. Plug the cigarette lighter adapter on the power cord into your vehicle's cigarette lighter. 8. You can temporarily remove the detector whenever you wish by depressing the bracket release button and sliding it off the bracket. 4 English Your Detector Installation Dashboard Mounting 1. Place the detector on the dashboard to find a location where the unit has a clear view of the road and is parallel to the road's surface. The angle CANNOT be adjusted after mounting. 2. Remove the paper backing from one side of the hookand-loop fastener. 3. Attach the pad to the dashboard at your chosen location and remove the other paper backing. 4. Attach the detector to the hook-and-loop fastener. You can remove and reattach the unit as often as you like. 5. Plug the power cord into the detector. 6. Plug the cigarette lighter adapter on the power cord into your vehicle's cigarette lighter. Nothing Comes Close to a Cobra® 5 Your Detector Getting Started Your Detector Power On/Off • Getting Started Standby Screen Icons • Your detector uses the following icons to indicate modes and functions when set: City Mode Highway Mode Battery Voltage Compass On-Off/Volume Control Rotate clockwise (away from you) 13.2V To Turn on the Unit and Adjust the Audio Volume Rotate the On-Off/Volume control clockwise (away from you). Unit will cycle through Power On / Self Test and display the Standby screen when complete. Standby screen will show City or Highway icon. Car Battery Voltage, Compass, and IntelliMute will also show if turned on (see note). Display changes to Display Timeout after 30 seconds (factory default). Tone Visual Display Testing, then three beeps Voice User and Alert Settings Sample Screen 13.2V System Ready None Voice Alert 13.2V None None NOTE In some vehicles, power is supplied to the cigarette lighter even while the ignition is off. If this is the case with your vehicle and you have turned the SmartPower off, you should turn off or unplug your detector when parking for lengthy periods. Cobra recommends leaving SmartPower at the factory setting, which is on. See page 18. English IntelliMute Below Activation Point Testing, then three beeps NOTE When the system is first turned on from new, only the City or Highway icon will show on the screen because the Show Compass and IntelliMute functions are set to off at the factory. See pages 14 and 16 to turn these functions on. 6 IntelliMute Above Activation Point NOTE For example, the sample screen indicates that IntelliMute is active, the Compass is calibrated, your system is set to Highway mode and your vehicle's battery voltage is charged to 13.2 volts. Display Brightness Control • Your detector has a Bright display mode (for daytime driving) and three levels of the Dim display mode: ■ Dim for dusk driving. NOTE At the dark setting the ■ Dimmer for night driving. display will show a small dot ■ Dark to prevent all visual alerts from displaying. moving back and forth The factory setting is Dim. This level can be changed in programming mode (see page 10.) toward the bottom of the screen to indicate the unit is turned on. You can toggle between Bright and Dim modes by pressing the Dimbutton. Dim Button Press and release NOTE When you change to Dim mode, the unit will enter whichever dim default mode is set at the time. Nothing Comes Close to a Cobra® 7 Your Detector Getting Started Your Detector Display Timeout Mode • Your detector has a Display Timeout mode to prolong the life of your screen. Touch any button to exit Display Timeout and recall the Standby screen. The factory default is for Display Timeout to engage from the Standby screen after 30 seconds. You can change the time interval or deactivate Display Timeout in programming mode (see page 10). • Your detector is equipped with IntelliShield false signal rejection technology which consists of a Highway mode and three different levels of City modes: City X, City X Beep Off and City X+K. Highway mode provides full response to all signals detected. The City modes reduce false alerts while you are driving in or near urban areas where there are many sources for conflicting X or K band signals such as microwave towers and automatic door openers. The factory setting is Highway. The factory City mode default setting is City X; it can be changed in programming mode (see page 10). Muting an Alert Your detector allows you to quickly turn off an Audio Alert by momentarily pressing the Mute button. If you press the Mute button a second time during the alert, the Audio Alert will be turned back on. After the current alert is gone, the next alert will be heard. • MuteButton Press and release NOTE In Display Timeout mode, the display will show a small dot moving slowly back and forth to indicate the unit is turned on. IntelliShield Highway/City Modes Getting Started Two other features are incorporated in your detector to automatically mute or reduce the volume of alerts. See pages 14 and 16 for Intellimute and Auto Mute modes. Auxiliary Audio Jack • The Auxiliary Audio Jack can be used to connect external speakers in environments with high ambient noise levels. The internal speaker will be disconnected. (This uses a mini stereo audio connector.) You can toggle between Highway and City modes by pressing the Citybutton. CityButton Press and release Auxiliary Audio Jack NOTE When you change to City mode, the unit will enter whichever city default mode is set at the time. 8 English Nothing Comes Close to a Cobra® 9 Your Detector EasySet Programming Your Detector To use EasySet program mode: EasySet Programming • EasySet Programming gives you quick and easy access to all the settings on your detector. It is used to program both: ■ User Settings (see pages 14 and 15) User Programming Menu Guide (see pages 34 and 35). ■ Alert Settings (see page 20) Alert Programming Menu Guide (see page 36). EasySet Programming Refer also to the Program Flow Diagrams for User Settings and Alert Settings programming to easily navigate to the setting you want to change (see pages 12 and 13). All settings are stored in memory when the power is turned off and will be recalled when the power is turned back on. NOTE You cannot enter Program mode during an alert. The unit will not detect signals while in Program mode. During programming, if no buttons are pressed for 15 seconds, the unit will automatically exit Program mode and save the most recent settings. EasySet Programming Buttons: 1. Press the Menu/Save button to reach the opening program screen. 2. Choose whether you want to change: a. User Settings — press the Dimbutton to enter the User Setting loop (see page 12) b. Alert Settings — press the Citybutton to enter the Alert Setting loop (see page 13) 3. Press the Cityor Dimbuttons to step forward or backward through the chosen settings loop until the desired option is reached. NOTE Press and release the button to move one option. 4. Press the Mutebutton to toggle the option on or off or to step through its multiple choices. 5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 to move to and set the next desired option(s). 6. Press the Menu/Save button when finished to save the settings and exit EasySet program mode. Or, simply wait 15 seconds without pressing any buttons. NOTE If power is turned off while in Program mode, option settings are saved to those in effect before Program mode was entered. Menu/Save Button Press to reach the opening program screen. Dim Button Press to move to desired setting. Mute Button Press to choose an option within the setting. 10 English City Button Press to move to desired setting. Nothing Comes Close to a Cobra® 11 Your Detector Program Flow Diagrams Your Detector User Settings Programming User Programming allows you to adjust the unit's display and sounds to your preferences. The User Settings can be selected using the Dimand Citybuttons by scrolling through the settings as shown in the program flow diagram below. The User Programming Menu Guide on page 34 is a handy reference showing the tone, visual display and voice prompts that accompany each setting. After selecting a setting, use the Mutebutton to choose an option within the setting. • NOTE When you choose User Settings (page 11, step 2a), the system displays whichever setting was last changed. Setting Selection Buttons: City Button Press to move to desired setting. Dim Button Press to move to desired setting. Mute Button Press to choose an option within the setting. Program Flow Diagrams Alert Settings Programming • Alert Programming allows you to selectively turn on or off detection of some signals. The Alert Settings can be selected using the Dimand Citybuttons by scrolling through the settings as shown in the program flow diagram below. The Alert Programming Menu Guide on page 36 is a handy reference showing the tone, visual display and voice prompts that accompany each setting. After selecting a setting, use the Mutebutton to choose an option within the setting. NOTE When you choose Alert Settings (page 11, Step 2b), the system displays whichever setting was last changed. K Band Detection X Band Detection Ku Band Detection VG-2 Audio Not shown setting if VG 2 is OFF. VG-2 Detection Spectre 1 Audio Pop Detection Not shown if Spectre 1 is OFF. Restore Factory Settings City Mode (Default) IntelliMute Safety Alert Spectre 1 Detection Warn Low Car Voltage Auto Mute Not shown if Intellimute is OFF. Set IntelliMute Not shown if Show Compass is OFF. Set Compass Car Voltage Alert Type (Voice/Tone) This detector allows you to customize its operation by changing settings in the User Programming and the Alert Programming modes. (See page 11 for entering the EasySet Programming mode.) Also, refer to the Appendix (pages 34–36) while programming. These show the lists of User and Alert settings. Features of the programmable settings are described on the following pages. Display (Brightness) Display Timeout 12 English SmartPower Show Compass Nothing Comes Close to a Cobra® 13 Your Detector Settings User Settings IntelliShield City Mode Default Your Detector • City Mode Default makes three levels of Audio Alert suppression available when you toggle from Highway to City mode (see page 8). The factory setting is City X. City X sounds a single beep when an x band signal is first detected. The alert then sounds when signal strength reaches level 3. City X+K combines the City X mode with prevention of K band audio alerts until the signal strength reaches level 2. City X Beep Off blocks all X band audio alerts until the signal strength reaches level 3. IntelliMute Mode IntelliMute is a unique feature that allows you to avoid alerts you don't need to hear because you are stopped or moving slowly. By sensing the "revs" (RPMs) of your engine, IntelliMute knows when you are at low speed and automatically mutes alerts (except for strobe signals from emergency vehicles). It works with all City and Auto Mute modes. Before IntelliMute will work, you must set an activation point for your engine's revs (see page 15). Whenever the revs are below that point, IntelliMute will begin muting. The activation point will be stored in memory and recalled each time the power is turned on. The factory setting is IntelliMute off. An IntelliMute icon will appear in the display when IntelliMute is on and activation is set. Whenever engine revs are below the activation point, the arrow points down. When revs are above the activation point the arrow points up. Above Activation Point Below Activation Point Settings NOTE IntelliMute may not work with some vehicles because it cannot sense the engine's revs. In such cases, you can reduce unwanted audio alerts by using Auto Mute and City mode when appropriate. NOTE The rev point must be reset if you use your detector in a different vehicle. NOTE When initially choosing your IntelliMute activation point, a setting of approximately 300 to 600 RPMs above idle is recommended. You can reset the activation point at any time to fit your individual preferences and driving style. CAUTION Do not attempt to set the rev point while driving. Your vehicle should be parked and idling to avoid a collision during the process. Set IntelliMute After the detector is installed in your vehicle and the unit is turned on, advance through the User Settings Programming to the Set IntelliMute setup screen where the activation point can be set. Setting the activation point progresses from the setup screen shown on the User Programming Menu Guide (see page 34). From that screen: 1. Press the Mutebutton to begin the setting process. 2. Press and hold the vehicle accelerator at the desired engine RPMs. 3. Press the Mutebutton to complete the setting process. The system will store the engine RPM setting and provide a completion message on the display as well as a tone or voice message. NOTE If the unit is unable to sense usable pulses within three seconds or if you do not set a rev point within 30 seconds of beginning the setup, IntelliMute will indicate an error. If you do not try again within five seconds, it will automatically turn off. The unit will provide corresponding messages for these conditions. If, for any reason, the unit stops sensing your engine's revs, IntelliMute will indicate an error and automatically turn off. 14 English Once an activation point has been set, you can easily change it by going directly to Set IntelliMute in User Settings Programming and repeating the three-step setup process. Nothing Comes Close to a Cobra® 15 Your Detector Settings Your Detector Auto Mute Mode When Auto Mute is on, it automatically reduces the audio volume of all alerts after they have sounded for four seconds. The signals will remain muted for as long as the signal is detected. When Auto Mute is off, the alerts will sound at full volume for as long as the signal is detected. The factory setting for Auto Mute is on. Voice or Tone Mode You can set your detector to sound alerts and confirm program settings with either a Voice or a Tone Alert. Voice Alert provides voice messages in addition to tones. Tone Alert provides tones only. The factory setting is Voice Alert. Compass Mode Your detector includes an internal 8-point Compass that can continuously display your current direction of travel: N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, or NW. W WARNING Before calibrating the Compass, go to a large parking lot or other safe, low-traffic area. NOTE When the instructions direct you to drive in two circles, make two complete loops (in either direction) from any starting orientation at any convenient speed. The loops need not be perfect and can be circles, small squares, four threepoint turns, or any pattern that makes at least two complete turns within two minutes of starting the maneuver. Calibrating the Compass progresses from the Calibrate Compass screen shown on the User Programming Menu Guide (see page 34). From that screen: NE 8-Point Compass SW E SE S A Compass icon and directional heading will appear in the display when the Compass is on and calibrated. The Compass will remain accurately calibrated as long as your detector is mounted in the same place in your vehicle. If you change the location where the unit is mounted or move it to another vehicle, you must recalibrate the Compass. You should also recalibrate the Compass if you suspect it is providing inaccurate directions. The Compass temporarily may not provide accurate readings if you are inside a building or enclosure, or are close to a large metal tractor/trailer, truck, or train. Once you are away from such a location, the Compass will work correctly again. 16 English Set Compass After the detector is installed in your vehicle and Compass is turned on (see page 34), the system will automatically advance to the Set Compass calibration screen from which the calibration can be performed. N NW Before the Compass will work, it must be calibrated (see page 17). Calibration allows the Compass electronics to measure and store information about the magnetic fields generated by your vehicle so direction indications will be accurate. The factory setting is Compass off. Settings 1. Press the Mutebutton to advance to the Compass screen. 2. Drive your vehicle in two circles. 3. Press the Mutebutton to complete the setting process. The system will store the calibration data and provide a completion message on the display as well as a tone or voice message. NOTE If you do not press the Mutebutton within two minutes after beginning the Set Compass process, Compass calibration will automatically terminate. The unit will provide a corresponding message. Once the initial calibration is complete, you can go to Set Compass in User Settings Programming and recalibrate the Compass as needed by repeating the three-step calibration process. Nothing Comes Close to a Cobra® 17 Your Detector Settings Your Detector Settings SmartPower Mode Car Battery Voltage Display Mode Your detector includes the SmartPower feature that, when turned on, will put the unit into Standby mode (low power) 15 minutes after the car's engine has been turned off. Your detector can sense your vehicle's electrical system voltage (Car Battery Voltage) and show it on the display during normal operation of the unit. The factory setting is Car Battery Voltage on. Before SmartPower enters Standby mode, you will hear three beeps and SmartPower will flash on the display. To return the unit to normal Power mode and exit Standby mode, start the car, press any button or turn the unit off and then on again. The factory setting is SmartPower on. Car Battery Low Voltage Warning SmartPower Entering Standby Mode (Flashing) In addition to displaying system voltage, your detector can provide a warning that battery voltage is low so that timely steps can be taken to correct the problem. The Car Battery Low alert is triggered when the voltage drops below 11.9 volts. Following the alert, the unit enters SmartPower mode to avoid further draining your car battery (see page 18). The factory setting is Car Battery Low off. Restore Factory Settings Display Timeout From the Restore Factory Settings screen, you can quickly and conveniently restore your detector to its original settings. Confirmation messages are provided during the process. Display timeout determines how long the Standby screen is illuminated before switching the unit to Dark. The factory default is 30 seconds. You can set the time interval to 15 seconds, 30 seconds, one minute, three minutes, or Always On (see User Settings Programming described on page 12). Dim Mode Default (Display Brightness) You can set the default level for the Dim mode (Dim, Dimmer or Dark) as discussed in the Display Brightness Control section on page 7. The factory setting is Dim. 18 English Nothing Comes Close to a Cobra® 19 Your Detector Settings Alert Settings Pop Alert Your Detector • When Pop Detect mode is on, Pop radar signals will be detected and an alert will be given. During the alert, the unit will continue to detect other signals. The factory setting is Pop Detect off. X Band Alert When X Band Detect mode is on, X Band radar signals will be detected and an alert will be given. During the alert, the unit will continue to detect other signals. The factory setting is X Band Detect on. K Band Alert When K Band Detect mode is on, K Band radar signals will be detected and an alert will be given. During the alert, the unit will continue to detect other signals. The factory setting is K Band Detect on. Ku Band Alert When Ku Band Detect mode is on, Ku Band radar signals will be detected and an alert will be given. During the alert, the unit will continue to detect other signals. The factory setting is Ku Band Detect off. VG-2 Alert The detector is undetectable by VG-2 detection devices and can alert you when such a device is in use near your vehicle. When VG-2 Detect mode is on, VG-2 signals will be detected and an alert will be given. During the alert, the unit will continue to detect other signals. The factory setting is VG-2 Detect off. VG-2 Audio Mode When VG-2 Audio mode is on, alerts will be sounded as well as being displayed on the screen. This setting is only available if VG-2 Alert is on. The factory setting is VG-2 Audio off. Detection Spectre 1 Audio Mode When Spectre 1 Audio mode is on, alerts will be sounded as well as being displayed on the screen. This setting is only available if Spectre 1 Alert is on. The factory setting is Spectre 1 Audio off. Safety Alert When Safety Alert mode is on, Safety Alert radar signals will be detected and an alert will be given. During the alert, the unit will continue to detect other signals. The factory setting is Safety Alert on. Detection Signals Detected • The tables on the following pages show the types of Signals your detector will detect, as well as the visual alerts it provides for each of them. Audio Alerts A distinctly different Alert tone is used for each type of signal detected (including separate tones for each laser signal). For X, K, Ka and Ku band radar signals, the tones will repeat faster as you approach the signal source. The repeat rate of the tones gives you useful information about the signal detected. See responding to alerts on page 25. Visual Display An indication of the type of signal detected will appear in the OLED Data Display. During X, K, Ka and Ku alerts, you will also see the numbers from one to five, indicating the strength of the signal detected. Spectre 1 Alert The detector is undetectable by Spectre 1 detection devices and can alert you when such a device is in use near your vehicle. When Spectre 1 Detect mode is on, Spectre 1 signals will be detected and an alert will be given. During the alert, the unit will continue to detect other signals. The factory setting is Spectre 1 Detect off. 20 English Nothing Comes Close to a Cobra® 21 Your Detector Detection Your Detector Detection Laser Signals and Visual Displays Signal Strength Chart Type of Signal Signal Strength = 1 Signal Strength = 2 Signal Strength = 3 Signal Strength = 4 (Weakest Signal) Signal Strength = 5 (Strongest Signal) Visual Display Voice LTI 20-20* Laser Alert LTI Ultra-Lyte* Laser Alert Kustom Signals ProLaser* Laser Alert Kustom Signals ProLaser III* Laser Alert Radar Signals and Visual Displays Type of Signal X Band Radar Visual Display Voice X Alert K Band Radar K Alert Ka Band Radar Ka Alert * Your detector provides 360˚ detection of these signals. NOTE Beep rate changes with different laser alerts. Ku Band Radar Ku Alert Strobe Alert Signals and Visual Displays Type of Signal Pop Radar Mode Pop Alert 3M Opticom or Tomar* Visual Display Voice Emergency Vehicle Approaching * Your detector provides 360˚ detection of these signals. 22 English Nothing Comes Close to a Cobra® 23 Your Detector Detection Your Detector Instant-On Detection Safety Alert Signals and Visual Displays Type of Signal Visual Display Voice Emergency Vehicles Emergency Vehicle Approaching Road Hazards Detection Road Hazard Ahead Your detector is designed to detect Instant-On speed monitoring signals, which can suddenly appear at full strength. NOTE You should take appropriate action immediately whenever an instant-on alert is given. Pop Detection Your detector is designed to detect single pulse mode radars. These radars are designed to have a low probability of detection. You should note that these radar guns have a much shorter range while in this mode. Trains Train Approaching NOTE There are different tones for each Safety Alert. VG-2 and Spectre 1 Alert Signals and Visual Displays Type of Signal VG-2 Alert Spectre 1 Visual Display Voice VG-2 Alert Spectre Alert NOTE There are different tones for each alert. 24 English Responding to Alerts Description Interpretation Recommended Response Tone repeats slowly at first, then speeds up rapidly. Probably police radar. FULL ALERT Tone sounds one time only. Probably a false alarm, but possibly pulsed radar, Spectre 1 or VG-2 nearby. Exercise caution Tone instantly begins repeating rapidly. Radar, Spectre 1 or VG-2 nearby has been activated suddenly. FULL ALERT Pop mode tone. Pop mode gun very close. FULL ALERT Tone repeats slowly as you approach a hill or bridge, then speeds up sharply as you reach it. Probably police radar beyond the hill or bridge. FULL ALERT Tone repeats slowly for a short period. Probably a false alarm. Exercise caution Any type of laser alert. Laser alerts are never false alarms. FULL ALERT Any Safety Alert or Strobe Alert. You are nearing an emergency vehicle, railroad crossing, or road hazard (construction, accident, etc.). Exercise caution Nothing Comes Close to a Cobra® 25 Your Detector Understanding Radar and Laser Understanding Radar and Laser Radar Speed Monitoring Systems Your Detector • Three band frequencies have been approved by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for use by speed monitoring radar equipment: X band K band Ka band 10.525 GHz 24.150 GHz 33.400 – 36.00 GHz Your detector detects signals in all three radar bands, plus Ku band (13.435 GHz), which is an approved frequency used in parts of Europe and Asia. VG-2 and Spectre 1 VG-2 and Spectre 1 are "detector detectors" that work by detecting low-level signals emitted by most radar detectors. Your detector does not emit signals that can be detected by VG-2 or Spectre 1, but does detect VG-2 and Spectre 1 signals and will alert you when a device is in use near your vehicle, if you so choose. Safety Alert Traffic Warning System FCC-approved Safety Alert transmitters emit microwave radar signals that indicate the presence of a safety-related concern. Depending on the frequency of the signal emitted, it can indicate a speeding emergency vehicle or train, or a stationary road hazard. Because these microwave signals are within the K band frequency, most conventional radar detectors will detect Safety Alert signals as standard K band radar. Your detector, however, is designed to differentiate between standard K band and Safety Alert signals, and give separate alerts for each. Safety Alert technology is relatively new. Safety Alert transmitters can be found in limited numbers in all 50 states, but the number is growing. Depending on your location, you may not receive these alerts regularly and may often encounter emergency vehicles, trains and road hazards without being alerted. As the number of transmitters increases, these alerts will become more common. When you receive such an alert, please watch for emergency vehicles ahead of you, on cross streets and behind you. If you see an emergency vehicle approaching, please pull over to the right side of the road and allow it to pass. 26 English Understanding Radar and Laser Strobe Alert Special strobes mounted on the light bars of authorized emergency vehicles (fire trucks, police cars, ambulances) automatically change traffic signals as the vehicle approaches an intersection. These strobes and the special strobe detectors located on the traffic signals, introduced fairly recently by 3M and Tomar, are already in use in more than 1000 cities nationwide. Cobra's exclusive Strobe Alert detector will detect these special strobes and give an emergency vehicle alert. When you receive such an alert, please watch for an approaching emergency vehicle and pull over to allow it to pass. To inquire about coverage in your area, contact your local fire and police departments. LIDAR (Laser) The correct name for the technology that most people refer to as laser is actually LIDAR, which stands for Light Detection and Ranging. LIDAR operates much like radar. Its signal spreads out like a radar signal, though not as widely. Unlike radar, LIDAR must have a clear line of sight to its target vehicle throughout the entire measurement interval. Obstructions such as sign posts, utility poles, tree branches, etc., will prevent valid speed measurement. Some common questions about LIDAR include: ■ Does weather have any affect on LIDAR? Yes. Rain, snow, smoke, fog, or airborne dust particles will reduce the effective range of LIDAR and can, if dense enough, prevent its operation. ■ Can LIDAR operate through glass? Yes. Newer LIDAR guns can obtain readings through most types of glass. However, the laser pulse also can be received through glass to trigger an alarm by your detector. ■ Can LIDAR operate while in motion? No. Because LIDAR operates by line of sight, the person using it cannot drive the vehicle, aim and operate the gun all at the same time. ■ Is LIDAR legal to use? Yes. It is legal in all 50 states. Nothing Comes Close to a Cobra® 27 Your Detector Maintenance Your Detector Specifications Pop Radar Guns Specifications The Pop mode Radar Gun is a single pulse Doppler radar that is a feature of a K and Ka (Bee III Ka radar gun) band Instant-On radar gun. It uses a single short time pulse to measure the target vehicle's speed. Despite the fact that the short, single pulse makes the unit very sensitive to officer hand and vehicle movement and reduces the range of the gun in Pop mode to 50% of its range in Continuous Wave mode, this feature is added in an attempt to make the radar gun invisible to Radar Detectors. Band and Frequencies Although your detector can sense Pop signals beyond the effective range of Pop radar guns, there will be a signal to sense only if a gun is triggered. In addition, the Pop mode receiver section is more prone to false alerts because of its extra sensitivity. This is especially so in urban areas. As a result, you should consider using the Pop Detect mode only in highway and rural situations. Cobra Electronics has included a user selectable on or off Pop Detect mode. Maintenance Maintenance of Your Radar Detector Your detector is designed and built to give you years of trouble-free performance without the need for service. No routine Maintenance is required. If your unit does not appear to be operating properly, please follow these troubleshooting steps: ■ Make sure the power cord is properly connected. ■ Make sure the socket of your vehicle's cigarette lighter is clean and free of corrosion. ■ Make sure the power cord's cigarette lighter adapter is firmly seated in your cigarette lighter. ■ Check the power cord fuse. (Unscrew the ribbed end cap of the cigarette lighter adapter and examine the fuse. If required, replace it with a 2-amp fuse only.) 28 English • • Band Frequencies X Band 10.525 ± 0.050 GHz K Band 24.125 ± 0.125 GHz Safety Alert Traffic Warning System 24.070 ± 0.010 GHz 24.110 ± 0.010 GHz 24.190 ± 0.010 GHz GHz 24.230 ± 0.010 Ka Band 34.700 ± 1.300 GHz Ku Band 13.435 ± 0.050 GHz VG-2 11.500 ± 0.250 GHz Spectre 1 13.300 ± 0.200 GHz Laser 910 ± 50 nm Strobe 700 ± 300 nm This radar detector is covered by one or more of the following U.S. patents: 5,497,148; 5,594,432; 5,612,685; 6,078,279; 6,094,148; 6,621,447. Additional patents may be listed inside the product or pending. Nothing Comes Close to a Cobra® 29 Warranty Warranty Limited 1-Year Warranty For Products Purchased in the U.S.A. Cobra Electronics Corporation warrants that its Cobra 12 Band Radar/Laser Detectors, and the component parts thereof, will be free of defects in workmanship and materials for period of one year from the date of first consumer purchase. This warranty may be enforced by the first consumer purchaser, provided that the product is utilized within the U.S.A. Cobra will, without charge, repair or replace, at its option, defective 12 Band Radar/Laser Detectors, products or component parts upon delivery to the Cobra Factory Service Department, accompanied by proof of the date of first consumer purchase, such as a duplicated copy of a sales receipt. You must pay any initial shipping charges required to ship the product for warranty service, but the return charges will be at Cobra's expense, if the product is repaired or replaced under warranty. This warranty gives you specific rights, and you may also have other rights which vary from state to state. Exclusions: This limited warranty does not apply: Customer Assistance • Product Service Product Service • For any questions about operating or installing this new Cobra product, or if parts are missing…PLEASE CALL COBRA FIRST…do not return this product to the store. See customer assistance on page A1. If this product should require factory service, please call Cobra before sending the product. This will ensure the fastest turn-around time on any repair. If Cobra asks that the product be sent to its factory, the following must be furnished to have the product serviced and returned: 1. For Warranty Repair include some form of proof-of-purchase, such as a mechanical reproduction or carbon of a sales receipt. Make sure the date of purchase and product model number are clearly readable. If the originals are sent, they cannot be returned; 2. Send the entire product; 3. Enclose a description of what is happening with the product. Include a typed or clearly printed name and address of where the product is to be returned, with phone number (required for shipment). 1. To any product damaged by accident. 4. Pack product securely to prevent damage in transit. If possible, use the original packing material; 2. In the event of misuse or abuse of the product or as a result of unauthorized alterations or repairs. 5. Ship prepaid and insured by way of a traceable carrier such as United Parcel Service (UPS) or Priority Mail to avoid loss in transit to: 3. If the serial number has been altered, defaced or removed. 4. If the owner of the product resides outside the U.S.A. All implied warranties, including warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose are limited in duration to the length of this warranty. Cobra shall not be liable for any incidental, consequential or other damages; including, without limitation, damages resulting from loss of use or cost of installation. Some states do not allow limitations on how long an implied warranty lasts and/or do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitations may not apply to you. 30 English Cobra Factory Service Cobra Electronics Corporation 6500 West Cortland Street Chicago, Illinois 60707 U.S.A.; 6. If the product is in warranty, upon receipt of the product it will either be repaired or exchanged depending on the model. Please allow approximately 3 – 4 weeks before contacting Cobra for status. If the product is out of warranty, a letter will automatically be sent with information as to the repair charge or replacement charge. For any questions, please call 773-889-3087 for assistance. Nothing Comes Close to a Cobra® 31 Customer Assistance Trademark Acknowledgement Trademark Acknowledgement Customer Assistance • Cobra®, DigiView®, EasySet®, Extra Sensory Detection®, IntelliMute®, IntelliShield®, LaserEye®, Nothing Comes Close to a Cobra®, Safety Alert® Traffic Warning System, Strobe Alert®, VG-2 Alert®, Xtreme Range Superheterodyne® and the snake design are registered trademarks of Cobra Electronics Corporation, USA. Accessories Optional Accessories • You can find quality Cobra products and accessories at your local Cobra dealer, or in the U.S.A., you can order directly from Cobra. See order info on page 37. Cobra Electronics Corporation™, 12 Band™, ExtremeBright DataGrafix™, IntelliLink™, Revolution™ Series, SmartPower™, Spectre Alert™, SuperXtreme Range Superheterodyne™, S-XRS™, UltraBright™, and Voice Alert™ are trademarks of Cobra Electronics Corporation, USA. Opticom™ is a trademark of 3M Corporation. Instaclear® for Ford is a registered trademark of Ford Motor Company, Inc. Electriclear® for GM is a registered trademark of General Motors Corporation. 20-20™ and UltraLyte™ are trademarks of Laser Technology, Inc. ProLaser™ and ProLaser III™ are trademarks of Kustom Signals, Inc. Bee III™ and Pop™ are a trademarks of MPH Industries. Spectre™ is a trademark of Stalcar. Interceptor VG-2™ is a trademark of TechniSonic Industries LTD. Tomar® is a registered trademark of TOMAR Electronics, Inc. 32 English Straight 12V DC Power Cord Windshield Mounting Bracket Includes plug and fuse Item # 420-030-N-001 Includes suction cups Item # 545-159-N-001 Coiled 12V DC Power Cord Dual Port Power Adapter Includes plug and fuse Item # 420-026-N-001 Includes adjustable plug (up to 90˚) and fuse Item # CLP-2B Nothing Comes Close to a Cobra® 33 Appendix Appendix Appendix Introduction User Programming Menu Guide Mode Tone Visual Display Set Two IntelliShield beeps City mode default One Page 14 beep One beep User Programming Menu Guide (continued) Visual Display Voice Mode Tone Two beeps Auto Mute On One beep Auto Mute Off Set SmartPower mode Set Voice or Tone mode None Voice Alert Page 16 None Voice Mode Tone City X Set AutoMute mode City X, K Page 16 City X Beep Off Intelli Mute Off Tone Alert Set IntelliMute mode Two beeps Page 15 One beep Intelli Mute On Set Compass mode Two beeps Compass Off Two beeps Set Engine Revs Page 17 One beep Compass On Set IntelliMute setup* Page 15 * Not shown if IntelliMute is off. Complete instructions for IntelliMute setup are shown on the referenced page. Set Two Compass** beeps NOTE Factory defaults are highlighted in light gray. See referenced pages for more information on the modes Page 18 Visual Display Mode Tone Two beeps Smart Power On Two beeps Display Car Voltage Off One beep Smart Power Off Set car battery voltage display mode One beep Page 19 Display Car Voltage On Set battery Two low car beeps voltage warning Car Voltage Warning Off Page 19 One beep Car Voltage Warning On Restore factory settings Two beeps Restore Factory Settings DISPLAY TIMEOUT One beep ADJUST TIMEOUT Page 18 None 15 SEC None 15 SEC One beep ADJUST TIMEOUT None 30 SEC One beep ADJUST ADJUST TIMEOUT TIMEOUT None ** Not shown if Compass is off. Complete One beep ADJUST TIMEOUT One beep 3 MIN ADJUST T ADJUST TIMEOUT Voice Page 19 15 SEC 1 MIN Set Compass Visual Display Voice Set Display One Timeout beep Interval Page 17 instructions for calibrating the Compass are shown on the referenced page and on the separate insert. 34 English Appendix None None NOTE Factory defaults are highlighted in light gray. See referenced pages for more information on the modes. ALWAYS ON Set Display One Dim mode beep default Dimmer Page 18 Dark One beep Nothing Comes Close to a Cobra® 35 Appendix Appendix Alert Programming Menu Guide Visual Display Visual Display Voice Mode Tone Two beeps Pop Off Set VG-2 Audio mode* Two beeps VG-2 Audio On One beep Pop On Page 20 One beep VG-2 Audio Off Set X Band One Detect beep mode One Page 20 beep X On Set Spectre 1 Detect mode Two beeps Spectre On One beep Spectre Off Set K Band Two detect beeps mode One Page 20 beep K On Two beeps Spectre Audio On One beep Spectre Audio Off Mode Tone Set Pop Detect mode Page 20 X Off Page 20 K Off Set Spectre 1 Audio mode** Page 21 Set Ku Band Detect mode Two beeps Ku On One beep Ku Off Set VG-2 Detect mode Two beeps VG-2 On Page 20 One beep VG-2 Off Page 20 Set Safety Two Alert mode beeps Safety Alert On Page 21 One beep NOTE Factory defaults are highlighted in light gray. See referenced pages for more information on the modes. Voice Safety Alert Off * Not shown if VG-2 Detect is off. ** Not shown if Spectre 1 Detect is off. Nothing Comes Close to a Cobra® 36
* Your assessment is very important for improving the work of artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project


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Vrse, a company that produces content for virtual reality, has renamed itself to Within. The new name comes as the company, which was co-founded by music video producer Chris Milk, looks to change its image to better reflect its focus on "immersive storytelling."
From Variety:
So why the new name? Company co-founder and CTO Aaron Koblin told Variety in a recent interview that the goal was to not just focus on a single slice of immersive technology. "We are really interested in broadening the conversation," he said. VR is often being associated with gaming, he argued, which is an area that Within isn't focused on. "For us, it's very much about immersive storytelling," said Koblin.
Within has dedicated apps for iPhone, Android and Samsung Gear VR. As Vrse, the company made a name for itself on these platforms by providing high-quality VR content from anywhere with just a tap. And that high-quality content should continue to roll out, as Within just received a cash infusion of $12.56 million from its latest round of funding.
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subset: commoncrawl


text: Your Cape Vincent-Area Source for Top chiropractic CareLook to Watertown Wellness Center for ... a gentle, natural, non-surgical, and extremely effective way to bring about spinal health and spinal pain relief personalized chiropractic care a complete in-office spinal examination, expert diagnosis, and comprehensive treatment for low back pain, stenosis, disc herniation, neck, arm, and leg pain, and other conditions a chiropractic physician staff professionally-trained in the uses of the spine, the conditions that may affect its health, and the treatment that will give you the best chance of giving back the quality of life you once experienced counseling on at-home care, including suggestions on nutrition, the use of support belts, and exercise Our goal is to see you enjoying life as pain-free as possible and experiencing the quality of life you desire. To find out more about the chiropractic care Cape Vincent, New York-area residents have come to depend on from us, contact Watertown Wellness Center today. Additional Resources: ID Your Pain The Cox Technic In-Office Care At-Home Care "This information and website content is not intended to diagnose, guarantee results, or recommend specific treatment or activity. It is designed to educate and inform only. Please consult your physician for a thorough examination leading to a diagnosis and well-planned treatment strategy. See more details on the DISCLAIMER page."


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At Cornerstone Dentistry in Brantford, our team of dental hygienists, dental assistants and administration are happy to walk you through each and every dental appointment.
Dental Hygienists
Our hygienists help patients in the prevention and treatment of oral disease by scaling and polishing, monitoring oral hygiene practices and assisting to develop a home care plan to maintain good oral health. They also give specific advice on prevention, nutrition, use of fluoride and smoking cessation.
Registered Dental Hygienist
Registered Dental Hygienist
Office Administration
Our administration team will efficiently help you with any needs you have in regard to your appointments, dental insurance and financial concerns. They'll remind you of your upcoming appointments and ask you to please call back to confirm your appointment day and time.
Administrative Coordinator
Treatment Coordinators
Our treatment Coordinators are happy to answer questions and inform patients about the best treatment for them, as well as any alternative options, and the fees involved. They are available to answer any questions or concerns either by phone call or by scheduling a complimentary consultation appointment.


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Happy Monday! I know some of you have been here for awhile and already know who I am and what I'm about, yet I've seen some new faces around here and also on my instagram (welcome!) I thought I would do a little updated post of 15 things about me so you can get to know me better (if you want!)
Top: Amour Vert c/o (similar) | Skort: SugarLips (old – love this) | Bag: Free People | Shoes: Amazon | Sunglasses: ZeroUV c/o | Bracelets: BaubleBar c/o | Earrings: BaubleBar c/0 | Watch: MVMT c/o (Get $15 off your watch with code hannahhagler15)
Now, for 20 Things About Me:
- I'm not originally from California. I was born and raised in Arkansas, but my family moved out here when I was 14 years old. I did the majority of my "growing up" out here so I feel like a total California girl, but I definitely still have some southern roots. (Side note, Arkansas is a beautiful place, but I never really fit in there. California is 100% my home.)
- I am a natural blonde. What you see is what you get – I never dye my hair and only get my hair trimmed about once every 4-6 months. I did think it would be fun to have coral streaks in my hair in college, so I convinced my hairdresser to put some streaks in the underneath section of my hair. Other than that I've been lucky enough to never have to dye it.
- I'm 5'3″. Not sure if you can tell my height from photos, but I am 5'3″.
- I have two brothers. I'm the oldest of two younger brothers. One is very shy and one is very outspoken. I think I'm probably a good mix between the two of them personality-wise.
- I started my blog in July 2011. I was working as a receptionist and after all my daily duties were done I had not much else to do except browse Pinterest. I loved reading other people's blogs and decided to start my own. Those early posts are extremely cringe-y, and I definitely didn't start taking my blog seriously until the last few years.
- I have two dogs. I have a chihuahua maltipoo mix (she looks straight chihuahua) and a yorkie/pomeranian mix. We think — we haven't had DNA tests on either pup and are just going off looks. You can see them in this post. Their names are Archie and Zoey and they are my furry children.
- I'm extremely passionate about animal rescue. After we adopted our dog Archie (almost 3 years ago!) I couldn't bear to think of the idea of amazing dogs like him sitting in a shelter or waiting at a foster home to find their forever home. I had a stray show up on my doorstep (read about that here) and it seemed like fate. After that I would regularly comb the shelters for a dog on death row that needed immediate rescue. I encourage any of you who want to add a dog or cat to your family to please look at the shelters and local rescues first. You can find pretty much any breed of any age if you're patient.
- I used to work in finance. I worked in finance for 5 years and obtained my series 7, 66, insurance license and was in the midst of getting my CFP training. I could talk about this endlessly, but aside from the extremely sexist and ageist side of the industry, I didn't feel like it was what I wanted to do for the rest of my life. I pursued interior design afterwards, and still do interior design on the side but at the moment I am focusing more on my blog and YouTube as a full-time gig.
- I live with my boyfriend of 9 years. I met my boyfriend when I was 18 and he was 19 and we have been living together for about 7 years now. He doesn't like to be in the spotlight at all, so you'll rarely see him on my instagram or blog but he is one of the funniest people I've ever met. We are not perfect and there are times we want to strangle each other, but more often than not we are making each other laugh until we cry and I feel super lucky.
- I'm vegan. I'm sure you know this already as I'm pretty vocal about it. (LOL I'm one of those memes about annoying vegans come to life). Number 7 comes into play a lot on this. I started to cut out meat after watching a pig farm video and I couldn't understand why I spent so much time and energy saving dog's lives but was totally okay with bacon on my plate. (Pigs are actually as smart as a 3 year old, smarter than dogs, and very aware of how they are treated. They feel fear and sadness just like people do). Unrelated, I was having health issues and decided to watch the documentary Vegucated and it all kind of made sense to me. I'll do a full video on this soon if you're interested.
- I LOVE my friends. I'm the kind of person who loves to be around friends, it re-fuels me and gives me life. Growing up I was bullied and isolated, so now that I'm an adult and can choose who I'm friends with, I take my friendships very seriously. I'm so lucky to be surrounded by SO many amazing friends who give me so much love and support.
- I have a YouTube talk show with 3 of my best friends. This is pretty recent, but I started a YouTube talk show with 3 of my fellow vegan girlfriends where we talk about veganism and things going on in the vegan community. We talk about life advice, do taste tests and so much more. It's our newest baby and we would love to have you subscribe and join the family.
- My favorite workout is PureBarre. Read all about that HERE. I'm honestly addicted. If I don't go at least 3 times a week I notice a difference. It's the only workout I've actually loved doing, which is great because it keeps me coming back.
- I love interior design. After I quit my career in finance I went back to school for interior design. I still do design work on the side but realized it's better for me that my blog and YouTube channel be my main focus for now, and maybe I'll go back to it full-time in the future. Right now its a fun side job and hobby of mine.
- A perfect date night for me is dinner and a movie. Jesse (the boyfriend) and I are both obsessed with movies and TV shows (he works in film production and I do some acting) so it makes sense. We try to go at least once a week (an expensive habit but we are pretty conservative with our spending elsewhere). Also a lot of movie theater popcorn is vegan (THANK GOODNESS), and I'm obsessed with it.
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Photos: Gabi Wells


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George Hughes fought in the lst Regt of Light Dragoons in the Cont. Troops. Along with him was a Jasper Hughes who served as a Private and a John Hughes who was Qtr Mstr Sgt and Qtr Mastr in the lst Regiment. I wonder if he is the one who demoted George from Sergeant to Private. I do not think this is the same George Hughes as my ancestor who married Rhoda Garrett. This George served in VA. Serving in SC was a George who spelled his name Hughs. In the SC line there is a Joseph Hughes who married Sarah Shaw in Newberry Dist SC. His son was named Thomas J. Hughes and he appl for pension 1 Nov. 1847 in Hambersham Co., GA. He stated that he was the sol. only surviving child.
Returning our thoughts to Richard Blanton Hughes from Rutherford, NC, we know that he moved to Marshall Co., AL in 1850 and then on to Morgan Co. by 1860. We find that Richard married Elizabeth Young. Richard was the son of Young Hughes from Rutherford, NC. He is somehow connected to the Hughes in Laurens. To learn more go to:
Richard was a close friend of the Comptons and Flacks in Morgan Co., AL. He was a Justice of the Peace and had children named: James Young Hughes who married Susan Flack, George H. Hughes, Sarah J. Hughes, Richard Wright Hughes who married Mary Jane Black, William E. Hughes, Charles A. Hughes who married Mary Ann Ditto, and Dr. Washington Lafayette Hughes.
Knowing that Richard lived by and (travelled with the children of)my ancestor William H. Hughes, I just noticed that he used the same name for one of his children as my ggrandmother. She named a son Lafayette. This is one more bit of evidence that the two families are related.
If you are a Flack reading this, the James Young Flack who married Susan Laura Hughes, daughter of Richard Wright Hughes was son of William McCune Flack, who was a brother to Susan and Elizabeth Flack.Posted by JHSGran at April 9, 2004 09:04 AM


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Attorney Profile
Florida's Top 40 Under 40 Divorce Attorney
Mark E. Sawicki is a Fort Lauderdale Family Law Attorney handling all types of matrimonial related matters for South Florida.
Educational Background
Mark E. Sawicki earned his Bachelor's degree from the prestigious SUNY Binghamton University with high honors. Mark then received his Juris Doctorate from Nova's Shepard Broad Law Center. While in law school Mark E. Sawicki interned at Palm Beach County's Staff Attorneys office. During this internship is when Mark E. Sawicki was first exposed to the courtroom, and more especially Family law. This lead Mark E. Sawicki to excel in numerous advanced Trial, Business , and Family law classes further honing his skill at focusing on Family law, and Trial work. Mark E. Sawicki was active in numerous organizations such as Jewish Law Students Association, and the most senior member of the Academic Dishonesty Panel, a distinction received for being a member for 3 years.
South Florida Career
Upon admittance to the Florida Bar Mark E. Sawicki immersed himself in the practice of Family Law. Immediately learning law and court room strategy from a well respect sole practitioner in South Florida. Mark E. Sawicki decided to open his own law firm using his skills and knowledge learned from his time spent practicing of Family Law in South Florida. Mark E. Sawicki is a member of the Broward Bar, and the Florida Bar Family Law section.
Areas of Focus
Mark E. Sawicki specializes in helping South Florida's young professionals through a tough, and trying time. He has a close relationship with all of his clients and offers them personal service they deserve. Younger generation of South Florida should feel comfortable talking to Mark E. Sawicki, as at Mark E. Sawicki, P.A. you are not treated like family, you are Family!


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An Updated Message from Del Sol regarding our Response to COVID-19
Complete your dining room look with an area rug! Shop Rugs
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Nothing on this page may be copied or reproduced without explicit permission.


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Step in to Breathtaking Panoramic Intracoastal Waterway and Ocean views in your spacious, bright and fresh 2/2 condo in Paradise. Located on the 7th floor directly overlooking the intracoastal waterway and Porofino pool Providing endless water views from each room in the home. Large outdoor patio makes for great entertaining and relaxation. Tile throughout main living areas. Includes Parking space. Full service concierge. Lush garden property. Conveniently located near Palm Beach Island, Beaches, Downtown West Palm Beach, Northwood restaurants.
All data is deemed reliable but is not guaranteed accurate.


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The Guardian reports tighter regulation is required to remove sugar from food
Regulating the food industry is about more than health, it is about the role an active state should play in society.
Lets not get distracted from the real issue at stake here, the accountability of the food industry. Tackling the food industry is about changing a business culture from one of making a profit, at any price, to one of honesty and accountability.
The current discussion on the food industry must not be overshadowed by the healthy eating debate because there are much bigger issues at stake here, not least the accountability of the food industry and the role government should have, if any, in regulating the food industry to protect the health of the nation. By narrowing the focus on healthy eating we risk reducing the debate to stigmatizing those who eat unhealthily, and focus too much on individual responsibility. For once could the debate also include corporate responsibility. Whilst Politicians might make noises about giving the food industry a chance to respond I would rather see decisive action from government because I trust the food industry about as much as I trust the banking industry, which is zero percent.
Just look at the food labelling debacle, which has been dragging on for over two decades The coalition government announced in October 2012 that a consistent system of food labelling is set to be launched this year, however, it is not quite a done deal with food producers still holding back. Cadbury, amongst others, have spurned the 'traffic light' system suggesting it focuses too much on the negative ingredients in their food. Really!
But it is not just about food labelling, more importantly it is also about the food production process. For example research suggests high salt intake is associated with significantly increased risk of stroke and cardiovascular disease, so to reduce risk just reduce salt in take, easy. However, the same research also suggests high levels of salt intake is related to food production processes, rather than individuals adding salt to their diet, and the biggest barrier to reducing significant salt intake for individuals is the historical reluctance of the food industry to reduce the levels of salt used in food production.
The seriousness of this issue must not get lost in tabloid headlines about 'obese' people. Health campaigners suggest clearer food labelling could save lives, and have been campaigning for 20 years on this issue against a food industry which has spent over 1 billion in Europe to resist the introduction of understandable food labelling. Why would any one resist implementing something that could save lives? Profit of course. How could successive governments in the UK stand by and allow this to continue for so long?
Any talk of government taking an interventionist approach is met with cries of 'nanny state' from the Tory right who use this as a pejorative term to describe excessive state action. Those who support free markets object to the use of state power in this way perceiving such an approach as restricting individual choice. However, real choice can only be effective if we have all the relevant information to make those choices, this is where a consistent and understandable food labelling system would support real choice for consumers.
Governments role on this issue is ideological, whilst for some intervention from government represents the worst excesses of the 'nanny state', to others it represents an 'active state' coordinating an approach to promote public health for its citizens, rather than protecting big industry from taking responsibility for its actions.
Strategies that might be developed include easily understood food labelling, then the consumer can make an informed choice and if we choose to abandon food rich in fat and high in sugar producers can provide what we do want to eat. Even better remove excessive sugar and salt from food production, that would provide the greatest benefit to public health. We need intervention because we can not trust the food industry, the average consumer can not fight against such unethical practices on their own.
A rise in the cost of food is an interesting argument presented by the food industry as an argument against healthier food production. Presumably the real cost of poor quality food should include the cost to the NHS in diet related illness, but of course the food companies do not pay for this, this is displaced onto the individual consumer via the taxes we pay to fund our health care system (Do not even get me started on corporate tax evasion).
All most of us want is honesty and transparency, and maybe even an ethical approach in business where our health is put before profit, is that too much to ask?


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By HCR Staff | Dec. 30, 2019
As the head coaching vacancies pile up, here are observations we found interesting on the final weekend of the regular season.
Los Angeles Chargers head coach Anthony Lynn is returning, but he regressed this year. The Chargers lost a lot of close games this year, but many of them were unnecessarily self-inflicted. Yesterday's loss is a case in point. The Chargers trailed by 10 early in the second half against the Kansas City Chiefs, and after a stalled drive, Lynn chose to go for a longish fourth down in lieu of a chip shot field goal to cut the deficit to seven. Even IF the Chargers would have gotten the first down and IF they would have converted that into a touchdown, the Chargers still would have needed another possession. This is elementary. It was a long fourth down attempt, and the Chargers had finally gained some momentum. There was no compelling reason to make that attempt there. Of course, the Chargers were unsuccessful on the fourth down attempt, and of course, the Chargers drove for a touchdown on their next possession. Which, of course, could have been the tying touchdown. We understand coaches want to be aggressive, but we certainly feel prudence and aggressiveness aren't mutually exclusive concepts either.
Brian Flores, like Mike Vrabel and Matt Patricia before him, continued the success of former Bill Belichick defensive coaches against Belichick. Last season, Mike Vrabel's Tennessee Titans and Matt Patricia's Detroit Lions tattooed Bill Belichick with humbling losses. This year, it was Brian Flores' turn. And he did not disappoint. Flores had his Miami Dolphins ready, and well-tutored in the concepts of the New England Patriots offense, defense and special teams. Most impressively, was the disciplined play of the Dolphins–and they avoided stupid penalties, and literally controlled the game nearly start to finish, so much so that the game-winning drive felt like a fait accompli. Belichick had tutored Flores so well that Belichick had no answers–a very rare sight.
The San Francisco 49ers secondary is a concern, Kyle Shanahan might consider throwing away his two-point PAT chart…and what was the kickoff squib kick all about? Kyle Shanahan is a Coach of the Year candidate, but he needs to get with defensive coordinator Robert Saleh and figure out precisely what is going on in the back end. Too often in the last month of the season, the 49ers secondary has shown significant breakdowns, and from a technique standpoint, their ball skills are lacking. On another note, we did not like the third quarter two-point PAT decision by Shanahan. It was far too early, and that attempt could have cost the 49ers the game. In our view, generally, no such try should even be considered until five minutes are left in the game. Finally, the 49ers strangely attempted a squib kick on a kickoff after they had just scored a touchdown to reassert control of the game. That squib went out of bounds and gave the Seattle Seahawks excellent field position, which ultimately resulted in a Seahawks touchdown. It was a sign that perhaps Shanahan was overthinking it a bit, especially since the Seahawks' kickoff return game wasn't doing much.
Even though the Oakland Raiders lost, Jon Gruden has them going in the right direction–the plays were there to be made, but it appears he wants a different quarteback. We could be wrong, but it's our observation that Raiders head coach Jon Gruden is very frustrated by what he sees as a significant limitation in Derek Carr's abilities. There were some well-designed plays to be made by Carr yesterday (one wheel route comes to mind), but he just didn't execute. The Raiders essentially controlled the first half, but the lack of execution on several key plays held them back. Gruden also chose to go for a 4th and a half-yard just outside the Denver Broncos' goal line–the decision could have gone either way–but they failed to make it, and that failure led to a momentum changing 99-yard Denver touchdown drive. On the failed fourth down attempt, the Raiders didn't seem ready and lined up….which Gruden might see as Carr's responsibility.


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About Katie
"The goal isn't to keep chaos or change from happening—because it's all unpredictable. The goal is to practice improvising through life, so you become flexible and courageous and can handle anything." – Katie Goodman
As an award-winning comedian, author and speaker Katie Goodman has toured internationally and been seen on Showtime, Current TV, and TruTV. Not only is she a YouTube sensation, her comedy videos having amassed over 5 million views on YouTube and Facebook, she is also a featured blogger for The Huffington Post, has contributed to O, The Oprah Magazine and has written the book Improvisation For The Spirit. As a speaker Katie Goodman has shared her message at keynotes and corporate workshops for 10 years, with diverse clients ranging from Planned Parenthood to YWCA to Inbound.
Speaker Katie Goodman was nominated for The MacArthur Foundation Genius Grant for her unique work in theatre, and has taught over 10,000 people the art of improvisational comedy and how to bring those same tools into your work and your everyday life.
With over a decade of experience running a theatre company, and an academic background in philosophy, Katie is not only an entertaining and engaging speaker, but one with a beautiful message.
Watch speaker Katie Goodman in action!
What are typical reasons your clients want to learn to use improv comedy in everyday life?
Desperation! I'm semi-kidding, but they are frustrated with feeling blocked creatively, not feeling self-confident, and fearful of taking innovative risks at work or in life in general. The tools of improv are applicable to all areas of life and work.
My clients want to connect with each other better, feel confident enough to share ideas, to collaborate better, and also to get their brains working in a way that allows for innovation for their businesses to grow.
How do you prepare for speaking engagements?
Well the irony is it's improvised to a large extent (I'd better practice what I preach!) and each speech is geared specifically to the company or organization or conference I speak at, so I generally just need to learn about the group and what their difficulties are intrinsic to their field.
So for example, a group of software guys who need to train strangers on their software wanted to learn how to quickly break the ice and connect. A nursing conference all experienced burnout and had struggles with collaboration in the emergency room. A major bank's women traders didn't feel confident speaking up at staff meetings. Each group can use these tools of improv in a unique way so I learn about the group and gear my talk directly toward their needs. It's easy because these tools really translate across the board.
Can you give three tips to individuals struggling with being their authentic selves?
Here's the thing: if you get accolades and praise for being someone you're not, it's going to feel hollow and so what's the point of that? If you are authentically YOU, then it's going to actually make you proud when you succeed. Have a chat with your Inner Critic. Why aren't you able to be authentic? What are you afraid is going to happen? That you'll be excluded? Generally when you are authentic you find your way to people who appreciate you and then you're going to be much happier, more effective, and ultimately more successful. But I have a whole book on this, so grab it and dive in!
Who or what inspires you most?
People who think outside the box. Playful people who love life and can really connect with others. One of the most important things we need now globally is connection, understanding differences and embracing all kinds of people. We need creative solutions to a huge number of problems from climate change to economics to refugee crises. Allowing ourselves time for inspiration to bubble up is so important.
What got you interested in comedy?
I think I've just always loved how comedy allows us to step back and see things with greater clarity. By definition we are getting perspective on something when we laugh at it. I started in theatre, not stand-up, so I was inspired by comedy in live settings but with a story and characters. I loved sitting in a room laughing with complete strangers. It was a a good way to feel alive.
Do you have a favourite experience from your speaking career?
Arianna Huffington's Thrive event was remarkable in that it was filled with people all wanting to help other people grow and change the world. I also liked when I spoke at an Inbound Conference, and I spoke after Michelle Obama. Down the hall in another room, but I started out by saying Michelle Obama had just opened for me!
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Hate Crimes in South Africa: legislation is sorely needed – Blog
Hate crimes are not simply crimes committed against vulnerable groups. Hate crimes are committed against individuals because of a prejudice the perpetrator holds against an entire group of people, but which is directed at an available victim. For this reason, hate crimes don't only impact the victim of the crime, but also have devastating effects on the entire community that the victim belongs to (or is perceived to belong to).
This is why hate crimes are different to other crimes; they serve as a message of intolerance and they serve to intimidate and harass not just the victim, but whole communities. As a result, they undermine social cohesion and the creation of a society based on equality.
How serious is this issue?
Media outlets often report on incidents of hate crimes, yet an accurate indication of prevalence is hard to come by. Part of the reason hate crimes legislation is needed is because it would enable government and civil society to have more accurate statistics relating to hate crimes. Currently there is no related official crime category, nor monitoring of hate crime. So even when such a crime is committed, it is not officially recorded as a 'hate crime' in government statistics.
In the absence of official monitoring, the work of recording hate crimes is currently being done by several different civil society organisations in various sectors and being is collated by the Hate Crimes Working Group. These efforts are aimed at building a systematic and accurate evidence base that can inform policy-makers of the nature and extent of hate crimes in South Africa; the impact of these crimes on social cohesion; and the trends in government and civil society responses to incidents of hate crime.
What will legislation achieve?
The objective of hate crimes legislation is not only to prevent hate crimes (which no law alone can really do), but also to enable government and civil society to receive vital information about the nature and prevalence of this type of crime in order to help provide appropriate tools for tackling hate crimes.
In other countries, hate crimes legislation has been backed by extensive training for a variety of service providers, targeted policing strategies as well as the development of prosecutorial guidelines on hate crimes.
Currently police in South Africa rarely investigate evidence of specific prejudice as a motivating factor in an offence. Hate crimes legislation also has symbolic value: it sends a clear message to society that such crimes are not tolerated. Hate crimes legislation that includes robust duties for stakeholders and is fully implemented will be a powerful tool to combat these crimes
Why is specific hate crimes legislation necessary?
Distinguishing hate crimes from other types of crime in policy and legislation is necessary for three reasons:
- It enables greater monitoring of violence motivated by prejudice and helps authorities to track trends of hate crime around the country so as to determine where specific interventions are necessary. Greater monitoring may also provide an early warning of possible mob violence motivated by prejudice, such as xenophobic violence.
- It helps recognise the social impact of hate crimes because of the message such crimes send to a victim's community. Currently an assault motivated by a person's race or sexual orientation, or the burning and looting of foreign nationals' shops may only be treated as an assault or public violence, respectively, and are thus not responded to accordingly by the criminal justice system. Addressing hate crimes consistently through the courts, public statements and other means would help send a clear message that hate crimes will not be tolerated and offenders cannot commit such crimes with impunity.
- It introduces a multi-sectoral, comprehensive approach to addressing hate crimes, currently lacking in government and civil society responses. Hate crimes require a variety of service providers including police officers, hospital and clinic staff as well as court officials to develop strategies to prevent or respond to hate crimes. This may include requiring police to investigate evidence of a prejudice motive, hospitals and clinics to take steps to prevent secondary victimization when assisting hate crime victims, and prosecutors and courts to apply the available tools.
Hate speech not only has a negative effect on the dignity of the target, but also plays a role in contributing to negative attitudes in society towards a specific group. It can create a hostile environment for entire communities. It is clear that guidelines that provide more clarity as to what constitutes hate speech are keenly needed.
It is also clear that the current piecemeal approach of the judiciary has led to a situation of uncertainty regarding this very important issue. This uncertainty can be efficiently dealt with by hate crimes and hate speech legislation.


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Ian Begley, SNY.tv | Twitter |
Speaking from his own experience, Nets coach Kenny Atkinson said on Tuesday that he's never had any concern over star point guard Kyrie Irving's mood.
"That is completely false. In strictly speaking in my observation and my experience with him so far, it's absolutely not true," Aktinson said when asked about an ESPN report that stated the organization has concerns about Irving's mood swings. "I'm the moody one, I really am. I'm cranky and I have my ups and downs. If there's just natural human behavior where guys are up and down, that's different. From my perspective, I give Kyrie an A-plus in his consistency and his spirit. It's been great."
In a profile on Irving, Kevin Durant, DeAndre Jordan and the Nets, ESPN's Jackie MacMullan, reported that the Nets are 'queasy' over Irving's changing mood. It's a part of his personality that has reportedly been brought up multiple times over his career.
When asked about the report on Tuesday, Nets guard Spencer Dinwiddie said, "I would encourage whoever it is that has those strong feelings to just say whatever they need to say to Kyrie then. As players, we haven't experienced it. We've been cool."
MacMullan's full story is well worth your time. It delves into how the Nets' culture and norms may have to bend with Irving and Durant in Brooklyn. Important to note for context: the story suggests that Irving and the Nets are largely on the same page at this point.
But it notes the following: "Irving's infamous mood swings, confirmed by his ex-teammates, which followed him from Cleveland to Boston to Brooklyn, are the unspoken concern that makes Nets officials queasy. When Irving lapses into these funks, he often shuts down, unwilling to communicate with the coaching staff, front office and, sometimes, even his teammates. Nets team sources say one such episode occurred during Brooklyn's trip to China, leaving everyone scratching their heads as to what precipitated it."
Jordan, Irving's close friend, had a lighthearted response when asked about the report.
"Kyrie's a bad guy, he's terrible, he's moody, I don't like to be around him," he said, facetiously.
Jordan later added: "I feel like we're all competitive, everybody in the world goes through mood swings. It's a part of life and human nature. I just don't think it should be targeted at one person …. It's not affecting our team. I think Kyrie's a great guy, I don't think Kyrie's done anything negative. Anything that I've seen that he's done. And he's a friend of mine. So if he was, I would tell him."
When asked about the reference to team officials scratching their heads, Dinwiddie said, "Quite honestly I think the head-scratching incident came from front office personnel on the Rockets."
Dinwiddie's joke was in reference to the tweet from Houston Rockets general manager Daryl Morey in support of pro-democracy demonstrators in Hong Kong. The tweet set off a geo-political firestorm for the NBA and may impact the league's revenue.
Dinwiddie added, "Obviously that's been well-documented so it's not like I'm saying something inflammatory, please… I've been out of (commenting on the issue), I'm going to stay out of it."
With regard to Irving, Dinwiddie said he's been a 'great' teammate so far.
"(He's) trying to offer up his experiences and what he sees out there, trying to be an open source of knowledge and communicate and be a leader out there so we appreciate that," he said.
Atkinson said his experience coaching Irving thus far has been 'excellent.'
"It's easier coaching a great player. It just is. Everybody says how hard it is, and maybe I'm naive. But I think it's great and we've had great one on one conversations," the coach said. "We have great film sessions with the team. He's given me great feedback. He's really helped me on two or three things that have helped the team get better. I keep saying, I'm going to lean on these guys a little bit. Look at Kyrie, he's got incredible pedigree, incredible experiences and I'm going to continue to ask him about situations."
The Nets are 1-2 entering Wednesday's home game against the Indiana Pacers. Both losses have come in overtime. Irving has been sensational, averaging 37.7 points, 6.3 assists, 5.7 rebounds and 1.7 steals per game.
As you'd expect, Brooklyn players say they are still getting accustomed to playing with one another. Five Nets who have averaged at least 13 minutes in the first three games are new to the team this season.


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Bone fracture is the most common bone diseases in the world. What's interesting is everyone must suffer from this disease once or twice in their whole life. In this article, we will explain some important knowledge about the bone fracture.
Overview | Causes | Symptoms | Types | Examination | Diagnosis | Treatment | Prevention | Recovery | Outlook
Bone fracture is a continuous structure of bone break apart completely or partially by mechanical compression or trauma from outside of the body or pathological bone diseases such as osteoporosis, bone tumor, metastatic diseases from inside of the body. this bone disease is more common in children and the elderly. But sometimes also occurred in the young population.
There are three main bone fracture causes:
1.Direct violence.
The violence direct effect on a part of the skeleton and caused the fracture. It is often with the different degree of soft tissue injury. If the wheel hits the shins, the shaft fracture occurs at the impact area of the tibia and fibula.
2. Indirect violence.
bone fracture occurs by indirect violence such as longitudinal conduction, leverage effects or reverse effects. When you fall from high to the ground with your feet, trunk kinking forward sharply due to gravity, the thoracolumbar junction of vertebral compression or burst fracture will occur.
3. Accumulation of slight injury.
The long-term accumulation of strain, direct or indirect injury slightly and repeatedly can cause a particular part of the bone fracture in the body. This condition also is known as fatigue fracture. Such as long distance walking causes the fracture of second and third metatarsal bone and lower one-third of the fibula.
As you see in the following picture, there are many types of fracture. The bone fracture can be divided into many types according to their anatomical shape, a degree of severity and stability, with or without an open wound, pathophysiological condition and so on.
2 main Types of fractures according to the degree of severity.
- Complete fracture
- Incomplete fracture
7 Types of fractures according to the anatomical shape.
- Transverse fracture
- Oblique fracture
- Spiral fracture
- Comminuted fracture
- Greenstick fracture
- Linear Fracture
- Stellate fracture
2 types according to whether the fractures area is open or not.
- Open fracture
- Closed fracture
2 types of fractures according to the degree of stability.
- Displaced fracture
- Non-displaced fracture
2 types of fractures according to the pathophysiology condition of the bone before fracture.
- Traumatic fracture
- Pathological fracture
For more detail about types of fractures, please check the following articles.
There are two main bone fracture symptoms categories in it.
Systemic symptoms
- Shock: It is often caused by extensive soft tissue injuries, massive bleeding, severe pain or complicated visceral injuries. Examples are multiple fractures, pelvic fractures, femur fractures, spinal fractures, and severe open fractures.
- Fever: There is a slight fever when there is a large amount of internal bleeding in the fracture, but it generally does not exceed 38 ℃. The possibility of infection complications should be considered when the open fracture with elevated temperature.
Local symptoms
- Appearance deformity.
- abnormal movement.
- bony crepitus.
- Local fever.
- swelling.
- pain.
- Redish.
The most common method of inspection is an X-ray. However, CT and MRI can be used in cases where the diagnosis is difficult.
X-ray is the most ideal test, cheap and highly sensitive. Radiation is much lower than CT and MRI. (Thank's to X-ray inventor German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen )
Most of the bone fracture cases can be diagnosed or excluded according to clinical manifestation and imaging examination.
The ultimate goal of fracture treatment is to maximize the recovery of fractured organs function.
Reduction: is the realignment of the site of the fracture parts to restore the support function of the bone.
Fixation: after fracture reduction, it is easy to relocate because of instability. Therefore, different methods should be used to fix it in a satisfactory position so that it can heal smoothly. The commonly used fixation methods are the small splint, plaster bandage, external fixation support, traction fixation and so on. These fixation methods are called external fixation. Internal fixation is performed by surgical methods with steel plate, steel needle, intramedullary needle, screw, and others.
Functional exercise: The main purpose of the orthopedic functional exercise is to reduce muscle atrophy, increase blood circulation and prevent joint adhesion. This will quickly heal the injured area to the normal function before the fracture.
The recovery time varies depending on the bone fracture parts and types of fractures. Recovery time is also closely related to patient age, nutrition, and treatment. For example, the recovery of fractures in the elderly is much longer than in the young. Comminuted fracture recovery time is also much longer than other types.
- Prevention of osteoporosis in the elderly is equal to the prevention of fractures.
- Children are also fracture-prone groups, so the prevention of fractures in children also need more attention. Our another article is a good explanation of how to prevent infantile fractures.
- Pay more attention to safety when exercising.
- Check for vitamin D and calcium levels in the body to avoid fragile bone. If the level of these elements is very low in the body, it is easy to fracture occurs. So you must take some vitamin D supplements and calcium supplement under doctor advice.
For more detail about bone fracture prevention, please check the following articles.
With the improvement of people's quality of life and knowledge, bone fracture treatment and prognosis are greatly improved. After appropriate treatment in a short time, most of the patient can recover the original function of bone. But there are still some varying degrees of the sequel has left with a small number of the patients.
- Children bone fracture causes, types, symptoms, treatment, and prevention.
- Types of fractures in the human body.
- Comminuted fracture: Causes, Symptoms, X-ray, Treatment, Recovery, and Prevention.
Write and Review
- Written by Nurmemet, MD (Emergency Medicine Specialist)
- Medically reviewed by Merhaba, MD (Pediatrician)