text:
Written By Barbara O'Brien
When I was 19, I eloped so I could have a horse.
Now when I tell normal people that I eloped so I could have a horse their eyebrows go up and a question forms on their lips, "you eloped so you could have a horse?"
When I tell horse people that I eloped so I could have a horse they shake their head in agreement and murmur, "well of course, I understand that" and hardly ever ask any more about it.
Let me start at the beginning. As I have mentioned before, some of us are just born animal people and we will do everything in our power to be around animals. I was no different when it came to horses.
I can't tell you when this fanatical love of horses begins. It is like it doesn't have beginning and it certainly has no end. I just always remember being in love with horses. No one in my family was particularly horsey. We lived in a little suburban ranch house with a tiny back yard many generations removed from the farm. My grandparents had grown up with horses, but were now all city people and horses were no longer part of their lives.
So how does this happen? Is there a special part of our brain that says, this is it. This is the animal you are to devote all your time, all your money and all your undying love to?
It starts with picture books and learning what horses say. Then perhaps Breyer horse statues and library books. For me it was, Justin Morgan Had a Horse, and King of the Wind by Marguerite Henry and Little Black by Walter Farley.
My love was so intense that I even resorted to stealing, although I like to think of it as borrowing as I had every intention of returning what was not mine. My older sister liked horses also, although looking back, I sense she liked cowboys way more than the actual horses. She was lucky enough to have a set of dime store porcelain horse statues. They stood about six inches tall and came in five different poses. One was bay, one was gray and one, chestnut. There was a palomino and a black. How real they looked. How shiny and smooth their coats were. The detail of their manes and tails and the expression in their finely sculpted face made me believe they could spring to life at any moment and I would be free as I leaped on one's back.
Needless to say, I was not allowed to touch them. My sister prided herself with this collection and they were very fragile, she said, dragging out the word fragile so I would be sure to understand. They could break and she didn't want them broken.
Oh how I envied her. I only had a toy stuffed horse that had seen better days. I had had him forever. His name was, originally enough, Pony. His mane and tail was mostly gone and his red coat was threadbare in places. He was nothing like my sister's realistic beauties.
One day when I knew my sister was gone and the other members of my family were distracted, I took the statues down from their display shelf. I tucked them in my arms and spirited them off to the dark privacy of our living room. No one spent much time in there during the day and I knew I could be alone.
When I set them down, our olive green carpet instantly turned into the grassy plains of Wyoming. The black horse came alive and began to quickly herd his mares to the safety of a narrow canyon. Which in reality was the space between the couch and the wall.
The herd galloped across the plains, stopping only to graze or to prick their delicate ears and sniff the wind looking for any danger that may threaten the herd.
I was so lost in my reverie that I almost did not hear my sister come in the back door. I quickly stuffed the horses under the blue Lazy Boy rocking chair so as not to be found out. I meant to sneak back in later and return the horses to her display shelf and my crime would go undetected.
Being a child of only eight or nine, I completely forgot about them until the family gathered that evening to watch TV and my dad sat down in his favorite chair, the blue Lazy Boy rocker. The moment he sat down there was the tell tale sound of breaking glass. I stood by in shock. Oh no! The horses. My older brother began to pull out what was left of the horses from under the chair. Each had suffered at least one broken leg and the bay had lost her head completely. It was awful. I was sorrier than I had ever been. I just wanted to see them. They were so beautiful.
When I was ten a local Coca Cola bottler ran a contest to win a pony. A real live pony! They even had an illustration of it on the entry form. It looked to be a pinto pony complete with saddle and bridle and bushy mane and tail. The pony seemed to be smiling at me. As if to say… I could be yours.
My best friend, Gabrielle, and I dutifully saved our nickels and dimes to buy the pop which gave us an entry form that we could fill out and mail in that would surely be the winner. We agreed in advance that once we won the pony we would share him 50/50 since we were, after all, best friends and that is what best friends do.
Many dollars, and I am sure, a few cavities later we waited and waited for the phone call or letter that would tell us we had won the pony. Months passed and we slowly became resigned to the fact that we didn't win.
When I was nine my parents gave in and took me to a rental stable for my birthday. Here was my first chance to ride a real horse. Not the merry go round horses at the fair. Not the mechanical horse in front of the drugstore. No, a real live horse. When we drove up the gravel road to the stable I couldn't believe my eyes. There were horses everywhere. In pastures, in pens, in stalls and others who stood tied to a rail, patiently waiting for the next group to go out. The smell was intoxicating. The sights and sounds, miraculous. In my eyes, the horses all looked like they were meant for a king. Bays and grays and blacks and pintos. So many horses. All at the same place. It was heaven.
The trail boss put me on a big black horse named Ringo. He was as gentle and slow as the day is long. I can't explain the happiness, the joy, the unmitigated splendor of the moment. I was actually riding! Ringo's smell, his movement, the view from up in the saddle. Incredible! When we trotted I bounced but stayed on and when towards the end of the ride we cantered and I knew that this was it. I would never be the same again.
For months afterward, I begged my parents for riding lessons and they feigned ignorance saying the stable was too far away and they had no funds for such things. Horses were wishes and that was all they could be for me at the time.
Oh but what wishes they were! I read every book in the library I could find. I learned all the breeds and colors and how to take care of them. If you were to give me a present it had better be horse book or better yet, a Breyer horse.
The Breyer horses became the bedrock of my friend's and I horse fantasies. We gave them long fancy names like Willow Hill's Showboat and drew up impressive pedigrees. We made string halters and bridles and made mangers out of twigs and fed them tiny homemade bales of grass hay.
I tied leather dog leashes to our bike's handlebars and pretended it was a horse while we rode no handed steering only with the "reins".
We even were horses once in a while. We would gallop through our adjoining back yards, neighing and whinnying and tossing our manes and stomping our hooves, warning each other of danger as we protected the rest of the herd.
I ran into an old neighbor not too long ago who recalled that I was always a little bit different and she mentioned how she had observed me trotting down the middle of our suburban street swinging a makeshift lariat and crying, "Ho cows! Move on doggies!" as I rode my imaginary cow pony among my vast herd of longhorns.
High Chaparral was my favorite TV show closely followed by The Virginian. Cowboys, yes, horses, even better. In grade school I put a pencil in my mouth pretending it was bit and cantered up and down the halls until the peer pressure forced me to conform. I must admit that a few boys continued to call me names like Horse Face Harry until at least Junior High.
All this longing would finally be fulfilled one day in late summer before seventh grade.
I heard that a neighbor boy that lived down the street was bragging about taking riding lessons to his friends. Riding lessons! Where! Who!
I quickly found him and pressed him for him for information. Yes, it was true he and his little brother had taken a riding lesson from his great Aunt who had a small stable in a nearby township.
I gathered up all the details and ran home as fast as I could bursting in the door announcing Pat Forsythe is taking riding lessons from his great aunt, an old lady named Mrs. Villaume who has a farm in Sunfish lake and that is only 5 miles away and I can take lessons every Saturday for $30 a month and she has lots of horses and I can work real hard to earn the money and isn't it great that she is so close and so can I take lessons, please, please, please, please!
With the discovery of Mrs. Villaume's farm I began my real journey into the world of horses. And that is where I have to leave it today.
Next time: Part 2: I ELOPED SO I COULD HAVE HORSE


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Opened on December 6th, 2010, the Museo del Novecento (Museum of the Twentieth Century) is a structure of 8500 square metres.
About 400 works of art are on display including paintings, sculptures and installations, most of them belonging to the Civic Art Collections in Milan, which also include the important collections of the spouses Antonio and Marieda Boschi Di Stefano. The exhibition is arranged chronologically: from the work by Pellizza da Volpedo it moves through futurism, works of art from between the two wars and then Abstractism, Spatialism and Arte Povera. Particular emphasis has been given to artists that are of great significance to the city of Milan, such as Boccioni, Carrà, Morandi, de Chirico, Arturo Martini, Fontana and Manzoni. In addition, three rooms are dedicated to the Marino Marini Museum which was previously set up in the gallery of Modern Art in Via Palestro.
Not to be missed the Sala Fontana, its breathtaking view on the Cathedral and the big neon hanging from the ceiling.
The Museum's mission is to work on several levels to promote an intercultural approach and engage an audience ranging from professionals, to children and passing visitors.
In addition to the permanent collection, the Museum of the Twentieth Century also offers spaces for temporary exhibitions like Spazio Mostre, and the Sala Focus - where art works in storage are displayed in rotation with in depth notations - and the Sala Archives of the twentieth century for exhibitions of art works and documents.
Special attention is also paid to research for the safeguarding and conservation of artistic heritage of the XX century and the present century with a specific interest in new artistic movements.
Evidence of this is the cooperation established with the Institute for Art History, Università degli Studi in Milan and with the Università degli Studi in Udine and the Istituto Superiore for Conservation and Restoration in Rome.
The museum also acts as a cultural institution of excellence for research, insight and the study of artistic phenomena, forms and languages of the recently concluded century. In this respect, the Archives of the Twentieth Century dedicated to Ettore and Claudia Gian Ferrari is an institution responsible for the conservation and consultation of archival material and art works produced in the century, of the documentation relative to the museum collections and the links that the Civic Collections of Art had with other civic institutions during the period of the twentieth century.
Opening times:
Mon: 14:30 to 19:30
Tue to Sun: 9:30 to 19:30
Thursday and Saturday extended hours until 22:30
Last admission one hour before closing
Ticket information:
€ 5 (€ 10 if there are exhibitions in the Museum)
Reduced € 3 (€ 8 if there are exhibitions in the Museum)
Last admission allowed an hour before closing the museum.
Free admission every first Sunday of the month (Sunday at the Museum) and from 14:00 on the first and third Tuesday of the month
Buy online:
Public transport:
Line red M1 stop Duomo
Line yellow M3 stop Duomo
2, 3, 12, 14, 15, 16, 23, 24, 27

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text:
NASB NEWSLETTER www.shortwave.org
December 2004
Thales DRM Products
Dallas DRM Meetings
DRM PLC Concerns
Prague HFCC Steering Board Meeting
HFCC Mexico Update
Pierre Vasseur of NASB associate member Thales Broadcast & Multimedia sends the following update on the company's DRM-related products:
THALES BROADCAST & MULTIMEDIA is one of the world market leaders in AM. We have a range of SW transmitters with DRM capability embedded. We are able to provide 10 and even 20 khz full DRM signal (if the broadcaster posseses two adjacent channels) in order to provide a marvelous audio quality to the listener (CD like). Our equipment is also able to provide the various modes of simulcast. We are also able to provide low power DRM HF transmitters in the 26 MHz band for local broadcasting of high level quality audio.
Regarding dedicated DRM equipment, we have the whole range of equipment available, from the encoder to exciters and reference receivers. We even developed an automatic feedback loop which provides the best possible audio quality taking into account the whole transmitting chain, including the propagation channel. This is the QoSAM feedback loop. QoSAM stands for Quality of Service in Digitised AM bands.
For more information, contact Pierre Vasseur at: firstname.lastname@example.com or Josef Troxler at: firstname.lastname@example.com.
(Series of DRM meetings held in Texas November 8-12, 2004)
Jeff White
The Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) Consortium held its quarterly committee meetings in Dallas, Texas during the week of November 8, hosted by DRM member DRS Broadcast Technologies (formerly Continental Electronics, maker of high-power shortwave transmitters). Monday and Tuesday were devoted to the Broadcasters Committee and Technical Committee meetings, attended by NASB's Mike Adams.
Commercial Committee
Because of the HFCC Steering Board meeting in Prague, I didn't get into town until Wednesday, November 10, when I was invited by the DRM Commercial Committee Chairman, Michel Penneroux of NASB member TDF, to attend his meeting. And it was a most interesting meeting. It began with an overview of DRM developments in a series of key markets throughout the world, including Europe, Russia, China and Latin America. In Latin America, Mexico and Brazil are the two countries that are seen as the most important and having the most potential to develop DRM at this time.
The Commercial Committee meeting discussed joint marketing efforts by DRM and DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting) and the growth of mediumwave transmissions in DRM mode. A proposal was made by Technical Committee Chairman Don Messer of NASB associate member IBB to create a Broadcasters Business Plan describing in non-technical terms the value of DRM from a business standpoint for small commercial broadcasters. The proposal was approved, and Don was put in charge of it. Don Messer was also highly involved in producing the DRM Broadcasters User Manual, a technical guide which is now publicly available on the Internet and in printed and CD-ROM formats.
Other items of discussion at the Commercial Committee meeting were efforts to convince receiver manufacturers to implement DRM, DRM's strategic alliance with the retail industry, and PLC (Power Line Communications, also known as BPL) as a polluter of the shortwave bands and therefore competitor to DRM. Reference was made to the DRM Consortium's public statement about BPL/PLC in September, which you will find reprinted elsewhere in this edition of the NASB Newsletter. There was also a review of DRM contributions to international institutions, including the International Telecommunication Union, the European Community and the European Broadcasting Union. It was stated that there had been no recent movement by the automobile industry in Europe regarding DRM car radios, but that certain companies are interested and are following DRM developments closely. There was a discussion of the timetable for release of the DRM chipset which will make it possible to produce DRM-capable receivers for the average consumer.
This was followed by a country-by-country review of recent DRM activities. I was asked to say a few words about the new USA DRM Group which was formed in Washington in May of this year at the initiative of the NASB's Mike Adams, who is the group's International Broadcasters Committee Chairman. Adil Mina of Continental Electronics is Chairman of the Transmitter Manufacturer's Committee, and yours truly is Chairman of the USA Group in general. I explained that we have done a great deal of publicity and generated many articles in North American publications such as Radio World, and that we plan to have a USA DRM website online before the end of this year, with the assistance of Continental Electronics.
Michael Pilath is head of the German DRM platform, which is the most active country platform at this time. Michael expressed his willingness to assist the new U.S. DRM group in any way possible. He mentioned that Coding Technologies in Germany has produced 400 World Traveler DRM USB receivers, which allow business travelers to receive DRM broadcasts by plugging the very small unit into their laptop. These receivers are available for 199 euros (plus VAT tax) by mail order, and the order form can be found on the Coding Technologies website (www.codingtechnologies.com). Michael also mentioned that Deutsche Welle is planning a new DRM program for Europe as of next year, and that the commercial broadcaster RTL in Luxembourg will begin a German-language program in DRM as of January 1. He said many ethnic radio stations in Germany (including Turkish and Russian stations) are interested in doing DRM transmissions, and there is also interest in establishing a DRM station for truckers and a radio shopping channel.
Michel Penneroux reported on the DRM situation in France, where there are currently 12 or 13 broadcasters with 32 DRM transmitters. Andrew Flynn of Christian Vision said that there will be a national symposium on DRM in Chile next spring where they will invite mediumwave broadcasters. In Ecuador, there has been interest from mediumwave broadcasters in DRM. New 100-kilowatt DRM transmitters are being installed in New Zealand and Libya. Spanish National Radio has shown interest in DRM. The Gulf Cooperation Council is interested in mediumwave DRM. Radio Sweden's international service is doing DRM tests, as is Digita in Finland. Tests for domestic shortwave in DRM are being done in Japan. RAI in Italy plans to conduct DRM tests in Milan before the end of this year.
Pierre Vasseur of NASB associate member Thales, a Swiss-based transmitter manufacturer, expressed his opinion that a DRM Symposium should be held in Mexico either just before or just after the HFCC Conference in February.
And finally, Peter Jackson of VT Communications (formerly Merlin) announced that the DRM software project will end in March of 2005. In January, they will have a "sale" on the DRM software -- 45 euros rather than the current 60 euros. And this will include a copy of the Dream DRM software as well. The www.drmrx.org website is due to shut down, but VT will continue to underwrite it for another year.
At the end of the day, host Continental Electronics treated the group to a mouth-watering dinner at a Texas steak restaurant called the Saltgrass Steakhouse. While the menu offered selections up to a 50-ounce cut of Texas steak, I think the largest one attempted by any member of our group was only 32 ounces! (And that wasn't me.)
A Major Announcement
On Thursday, November 11, the DRM Steering Board met in Dallas. At the end of the day, a major decision had been made to recommend the extension of the upper end of the coverage of DRM from 30 to 120 MHz. This means effectively that DRM could be used on FM frequencies. Until now, it has only been a system for the longwave, mediumwave and shortwave bands. This recommendation was made to the DRM General Assembly, which will vote on it in the spring of 2005.
DRM USA Meeting
While the Steering Board was busy at its Thursday meeting, many of the other participants in the DRM week took part in an informal meeting of the USA DRM Group at the Continental Electronics factory in suburban Dallas.
The meeting began with a guided tour of the Continental factory. As DRS Broadcast Technology is a major defense contractor, the security at the plant has become quite tight since 9/11. All visitors must be escorted at all times. Nevertheless, the group was allowed to see transmitters being built and tested, and to ask all of the questions it wanted. The Continental engineers were eager to answer all of the technical questions from this group of mostly engineering folks. It is an amazing facility. And perhaps the highlight of the visit was seeing a 100-kilowatt model 418-DRM shortwave transmitter undergoing factory tests. The 418-DRM, as a new product, was in the early days of being tested as a DRM transmitter. It featured a redesigned interface and tuning system. Also being operated from the Continental plant was a temporary DRM station on 25.9 MHz with 750 watts of power that the FCC had authorized as a special transmission for the DRM meetings in Dallas. We were able to pick up this signal across town at the Wyndham Hotel with true FM mono quality, showcasing the full potential of DRM transmissions.
After the tour we began our USA DRM Group meeting. This was the second time the group had met, as the first was the organizational meeting at Radio Free Asia in Washington, DC on May 6 of this year -- one day before the NASB annual meeting. The purpose of the USA DRM Group is to promote the implementation and use of DRM in the United States. The first item was introductions. Here is a list of those who were in attendance:
Mike Adams - Far East Broadcasting Co. (Intl. Broadcasters Committee Chairman)
Bret Brewer - DRS/Continental Electronics
Tyler Callis - SCMS
Darko Cvjetko - Riz Transmitters (Croatia)
Doug Garlinger - NASB President
Marion Hales - IBB
Jim Heck - World Radio Network (HCJB)
Dave Henderson - Radio New Zealand International
Wong Hong - Himalaya Electronics (Hong Kong), maker of DRM receivers
Charlie Jacobson - HCJB
Herb Jacobson - HCJB
Paulo Lages - Radiodifusao Portuguesa
Eve Maes - wife of Ludo Maes
Ludo Maes - TDP (Belgium)
Bob Moore - HCJB
Mark Poe - IBB
Andoor Ravindran - MediaCorp Technologies, Singapore
Fred Riley - DRS/Continental
Steve Spradlin - Harris Corp.
Bob Springer - FEBC Saipan
John Stanley - Mountain Ministries
Ruth Stanley - Mountain Ministries
Josef Troxler - Thales Broadcast and Multimedia
Paul Uday - DRS/Continental Electronics
John Uvodich - DRS/Continental
Mike Vanhooser - Nova Electronics
Bill Walker - VT Merlin
Jeff White - Radio Miami International (USA DRM Group Chairman)
Tom Yingst - Harris Corp. (retired)
As this was an informal meeting, there was no structured agenda. It was more of a freewheeling discussion about topics of interest to those who are following DRM developments in the United States. Jim Heck of World Radio Network (the parent body of missionary station HCJB in Ecuador) remarked that he works with a series of AM stations along the Mexico-U.S. border. Most of his stations are within five miles of Mexico, so he commented that he could probably technically consider using DRM transmissions on 26 MHz -- like the test transmission being done in Dallas -- to broadcast internationally to Mexico, which is considered a priority market for the DRM Commercial Committee. The problem, however, is that no one in Mexico has DRM receivers yet. Darko Cvjetko from Riz Transmitters in Croatia said they have used yagi antennas in tests of some of their transmitters on 26 MHz.
There was a good deal of discussion about publicity for DRM in the U.S. Herb Jacobson of HCJB said we should contact amateur radio operators, who are more "technically-aware" people, to publicize current DRM receivers like the Ten-Tec RX-320D. Mike Adams mentioned that we will be soon launching a USA DRM website, which will hopefully have a forum area for DXers to discuss DRM issues. The NASB is also beginning to retransmit DX programs from its member stations on the weekly Voice of the NASB DRM transmissions to the U.S. from Radio Canada International. John Stanley offered to use his contacts at QST (an amateur radio magazine) to get something published about the DRM software sale that begins in January. Fred Riley suggested also trying to publicize this in QEX, which is a magazine for radio experimenters. Someone suggested that we should work together with DX organizations to fight BPL (Broadband over Power Lines) in the U.S.
The discussion then turned to the Dayton, Ohio Hamvention which will take place May 20-22 of next year. Mike Adams asked for ideas as to what we could do there. Herb Jacobson suggested that we could make a presentation at the event about DRM. HCJB Engineering in Elkhart, Indiana could perhaps provide a speaker, or Harris Corp., or John Stanley. HCJB and other broadcasters could do special DRM transmissions beamed to Dayton during the Hamfest. Receiver manufacturers could provide radios to pick up these DRM transmissions as a demonstration to Hamvention attendees. We could coordinate press releases about DRM events in Dayton with Siriol Evans of the DRM Consortium.
Discussion returned to the new United States DRM website which DRS/Continental has offered to host. Bret Brewer of Continental indicated that they have reserved three possible URLs for the website, and it was decided that www.usdrm.com would be the best one to use. This new website should have a U.S.-specific schedule of DRM transmissions, i.e. the ones that can really be heard by listeners in the United States. The two key questions that the website needs to answer are: "Where can I hear it?" and "Where can I buy it (DRM receivers and software)?" There could be a link to Ten-Tec's site and to explications of receiver modifications, as well as to Universal Radio's online mail order catalog. Others suggested links to C. Crane Company and Amateur Electronic Supply -- two other large mail-order firms in the U.S. It was suggested that the website should include reviews of new DRM receivers, such as the Mayah receiver and the new Digital World Traveller USB receiver. We should encourage shortwave broadcasters to provide a link to the U.S. DRM website on their own websites.
John Uvodich of Continental suggested that he could talk to some of the magazines that they run advertisements in, to promote analysis of the differences between IBOC and DRM. Mike Adams asked if DRM transmitter manufacturers would be willing to help U.S.-based shortwave stations that might be interested in doing temporary DRM transmissions as demonstrations. RIZ and HCJB suggested they are ready to cooperate. Charlie Jacobson of HCJB asked, for example, if WRMI in Miami would be interested in doing DRM transmissions, and the number of hours and frequencies available. I indicated that the station is definitely interested. Someone said that we should try to get a U.S.-based shortwave station transmitting in DRM in time for the Dayton Hamvention. Josef Troxler of Thales said the special transmissions are good ideas, but what we really need are permanent DRM transmissions on the air. He suggested that all DRM transmitter manufacturers are ready to cooperate, but the initiative has to be on the broadcaster's side. Mike Adams also mentioned the possibility of stations leasing DRM airtime on existing transmitters beamed to the U.S. that are operated by Radio Canada International, Radio Netherlands and soon TDF in French Guiana.
Finally, Charlie Jacobson mentioned that US-DRM could work together with universities in the United States to promote DRM broadcasts, much like many universities are presently doing in Germany. Many universities have radio stations that could experiment with DRM. Someone suggested that Texas Instruments could work together with a local university. Jeff White mentioned that Florida International University was very interested in co-hosting an HFCC Conference, so they might be willing to work on some DRM experiments.
Unfortunately, the lively discussion was cut short by Kathy Stewart of Continental announcing that the barbecue dinner was ready in the hallway outside the meeting room. Not even avid broadcast engineers could resist the smell of Texas barbecue beef, ribs and accompaniments, which brought the informal meeting to a tasty end.
DRM Symposium
On Friday, Nov. 12, the first-ever DRM International Symposium for North and South America was held in Dallas, designed to introduce DRM to broadcasters and others from throughout the United States, Canada and Latin America. Eighty-some people from a few dozen countries attended the Symposium.
Jan Hoek of Radio Netherlands, who is Vice Chairman of DRM, began the Symposium by introducing a long list of speakers. Adil Mina of Continental Electronics welcomed everyone to Dallas, and Doug Boyd, an international communications professor from the University of Kentucky, said a few words as well. Then Peter Senger, DRM Chairman, gave a general overview of DRM and its status. His station, Deutsche Welle, has more hours of DRM transmissions on the air than any other at the moment: 47 hours per day. He explained that there are expected to be about 700 hours per day of DRM transmissions on the air by 2006, and 1600 hours per day by 2008. One million DRM receivers are expected to be in the marketplace by 2006, and four million by 2008. Peter said that there are less than 2000 DRM receivers in use right now, most of them software radios that require the use of a PC. The country with the most DRM receivers is currently Germany, followed by the U.S. He said that DRM receivers should be available for under 200 euros by Christmas of next year.
The key markets for DRM at the moment are Europe and the Near and Middle East. China could become a major market; the Chinese are doing tests and will decide during 2005 whether to go with the DRM system. In Latin America, there are already 20 hours per day of DRM transmissions. Peter Senger explained that while some broadcasters may have to buy a new transmitter to use DRM, it will pay for itself in 10 years because of the significant savings in power consumption over a regular analog transmitter.
The worldwide DRM Consortium has over 80 members now. Full membership costs $10,000 per year. Associate membership, which is limited mainly to broadcasting unions, requires a one-time payment of $500. A less-expensive DRM Supporter option is also available. Peter Senger ended his remarks with an important announcement -- that the DRM Steering Board, meeting the previous day in Dallas, had recommended to the general assembly the expansion of DRM to 120 MHz (as opposed to the current 30 MHz), and the general assembly would decide on this next
The next speaker was DRM Technical Committee Chairman Don Messer of the IBB. Sporting a Texan hat and accent for the occasion, Don explained the basics of DRM -- that it provides FM mono sound quality and fade-free reception in its coverage area. He told how DRM can be used for mediumwave or local shortwave (21 or 25 MHz) broadcasts, long-distance shortwave transmissions (the terrestrial equivalent of satellite radio which can cover an entire continent), and tropical band transmissions for regional coverage using near vertical incidence skywave. Don said that a station can broadcast simultaneously in up to three or four languages with DRM if it doesn't need extremely high quality audio. Different modes of DRM can be used for different types of audio quality, called "robustness." DRM can also display station call letters, program names, traffic information, etc. The total power required for a DRM transmitter is significantly less than that for an equivalent AM transmitter.
Hans Linkel, manager of Radio Netherlands' Bonaire relay station and Chairman of the DRM System Evaluation Group, gave a presentaiton about field tests that have been conducted to show a comparison of coverage areas between AM and DRM signals. He said that DRM power output should be 7 dB lower than that of equivalent AM transmissions, and even then the DRM coverage area is still a bit larger than with AM. Reducing the power by 7 dB reduced transmitter power consumption 40-60%.
Dan Dickey of Continental Electronics made a presentation about DRM transmitter developments and modifications, answering the popular question "Will my transmitter work in DRM?" He explained that a lot of information about this topic is found in the DRM Broadcasters User Manual, now available online from the DRM website (www.drm.org).
John Sykes of the BBC World Service spoke about DRM from a broadcaster's perspective. He explained that in the U.K., radio listening went way down in the 1960's through the 1980's when TV became popular, but that radio listening has gone way up again since the 1990's. He said that delivery platforms have diverged and AM radio listening has declined, but DRM has the potential to revitalize AM radio. The BBC is planning a DRM service beginning next year to Germany, France, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg, and they expect DRM receivers to soon be available for around 150 euros. John said that DRM would be ideal for truckers in the United States because of its long-distance coverage. He said that broadcasters have to put DRM transmissions on the air before manufacturers will make DRM receivers, and he said that "content is king" -- an expression heard from several speakers at the Symposium. John Sykes said we need to educate listeners and stimulate the demand for DRM.
After a delicious buffet lunch of Mexican food, Michael Penneroux, Chairman of the DRM Commercial Committee, explained the commercial strategy for the implementation of DRM around the world. Stefan Meltzer of Coding Technologies talked about the DRM chipset and some estimates of how long it will take for DRM receivers to hit the marketplace. Paul Linnarz of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Media Programme for Latin America talked about DRM from the South American perspective, with a special emphasis on the radio market in Peru.
Yours truly was next with an update on the activities of the USA DRM Group, which have already been covered in the report on the USA DRM Group meeting above. Mike Adams, NASB's official liaison to DRM, gave the audience an idea which broadcasters you can hear on DRM in the Western Hemisphere right now. Charlie Jacobson of HCJB said that DRM could potentially revitalize the AM radio market in countries like Ecuador. He said in recent years the number of shortwave stations in Ecuador has shrunk from 51 to 26, and many of these aren't really on the air. The FM band, as in many countries, is overcrowded. Charlie said that while Latin America often follows U.S. standards, the IBOC system is simply not workable in many Latin American situations, so DRM may be a solution.
Jacques Bouliane of Radio Canada International/CBC, told the audience that RCI is too small a station to operate its own independent DRM service, so they have put a transmitter on the air in DRM from Sackville, New Brunswick airing a "bouquet" of programs from a variety of international broadcasters who purchase airtime (including the NASB). Fernando Borjon of the Mexican Ministry of Communications and Transportation, gave a brief overview of the radio situation in Mexico, with 104 million inhabitants nationwide and 18 million in Mexico City, and a 3600-kilometer border with the United States. He said that Mexico has set a standard for digital TV, and the industry is eager to get a decision on digital radio. They are evaluating Eureka and IBOC, but the Ministry sees various problems with implementing these systems in Mexico for AM broadcasting. They would like to evaluate DRM as well.
A very lively question and answer session followed the program speakers. One participant proposed that DRM on 21 or 26 MHz could be used for community radio services in the United States, and that the USA DRM Group should look into promoting this possibility. In answer to a listener question, Charlie Jacobson of HCJB said that a 3 MHz tropical band frequency has been approved by the Ecuadorian authorities for DRM broadcasting by HCJB, but the authorization had not arrived in writing yet. HCJB's current DRM tests on the 19 meter band beamed to Dallas were using four kilowatts of average DRM power with a 24 dB gain antenna. Dave Matthews of Radio New Zealand had an interesting technical question about DRM/AM simulcasting, which he said is a very attractive way to get into DRM. Hans Linkel of Radio Netherlands said that somewhere between 50 and 100 organizations are already broadcasting in DRM today around the world.
(Reprinted from the November 2004 DRM Newsletter)
The DRM consortium issued the following statement about the hazards of Power Line Communications (PLC) interference, in September:
"Among DRM's members are well-known commercial, public, international, national and local broadcasters. They provide indispensable news, analysis, information and entertainment to local communities and remote populations across the globe via existing short-wave, medium-wave/AM and long-wave radio bands. The DRM consortium also includes leading network operators, broadcast electronics manufacturers and high-tech research institutions. DRM also includes among its members international NGOs that provide essential emergency services.
DRM's members, and the listening audiences they serve, depend on the integrity and security of the worldwide radio spectrum below 30 MHz – now and in the future.
With a collective wish to provide enhanced media services to future generations, DRM's members joined forces to create a new, digital radio system (also called DRM). DRM's development was supported by the European Commission, with funding provided within the Radiate, QOSAM and DIAM projects.
DRM is the world's only, non-proprietary, universally standardized, digital radio system for short-wave, medium-wave/AM and long-wave. It provides clear, FM-like audio quality and excellent reception, free from static, fading and interference. An open standard, DRM has received the endorsement of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) and the International Electrotechnical Committee (IEC). More than 60 leading broadcasters have already started DRM transmissions alongside their existing, analogue radio broadcasts.
There is, however, an electrical radiation hazard
that threatens today's analogue radio services, as well as radio's bright
digital future. DRM's members are deeply concerned about interference to the
radio spectrum caused by harmful emissions from Power Line Communications
(PLC), a controversial new method of delivering Internet service to, and
distributing data services within, households using AC power lines. PLC
emissions levels are currently under consideration by governmental bodies in
several countries.
Over the past 2 years, DRM's members have measured the effect of PLC emissions on analogue and digital broadcasts in both laboratory and field tests. The test results, which have been reported to the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), show that PLC radiation obliterates radio broadcasts.
If PLC emissions are too high, existing analogue and digital radio broadcasts are in many cases suddenly wiped out, meaning that listeners hear either electrical interference, or nothing at all, instead of the radio programming they have tuned into.
DRM's members believe that further, independent testing of PLC emissions' effect on radio broadcasts will reveal pertinent information for manufacturers and consumers alike. DRM's members are concerned that consumers may be unaware of the hazards of PLC interference to the radio broadcasts they rely on today, as well as future broadcasts.
DRM's members strongly urge those governmental bodies that are exploring PLC implementation to safeguard the broadcasting bands from PLC emissions' interference. In order to preserve the stability of the worldwide radio spectrum now and into the future, it is vital that governmental officials and regulatory bodies take appropriate protective measures today."
The elected members of the HFCC/ASBU Steering Board
include Oldrich Cip (of Radio Prague), Chairman; Horst Scholz (of Deutsche
Welle), Vice Chairman; Dennis Thompson and Gary Stanley of VT Merlin
Communications; Jan-Willem Drexhage of Radio Netherlands; Vladislav Cip, HFCC
Secretary; and the Arab States Broadcasting Union representatives, including
Bassil Zoubi. But the organization also invites the member which has organized the most recent HFCC/ASBU conference and
the member which will organize the next conference to participate in the
Steering Board meetings. Since the NASB is organizing the A05 HFCC/ASBU
Conference, we were invited to send a representative to the latest Steering
Board meeting in Prague, Czech Republic on November 5, 2004; to the SB meeting
at the HFCC/ASBU Conference itself in Mexico City; and to the Steering Board
meeting in Prague in May or June of 2005.
The main topic of discussion at the November 5 meeting was preparations for the Mexico City HFCC Conference. Therefore, the NASB sent Jeff White, Conference Chairman, to the Nov. 5th meeting in Prague. Several NASB personnel will be at the Conference in Mexico City, and NASB will likely send its new President, Doug Garlinger, to the Prague Steering Board meeting in May or June of next year.
At the November 5th meeting, the skies were rather cloudy and the weather was a bit cold, but Prague is always a lovely city at any time of the year. The meeting was held at the headquarters of Czech Radio on Vinohradska Street, very near the famous Wenceslas Square, and also very near the Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty headquarters building.
The meeting on November 5th was an all-day affair,
from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., with a break for lunch at a local pizzeria.
The morning session was entirely devoted to the planning for the HFCC/ASBU
Conference in Mexico. (You can find all of the latest information about
this elsewhere in this Newsletter.) Steering Board member Gary Stanley
wrote the following summary of the meeting, to which we have added a few
explanatory comments in [ ].
B04 HFCC Steering Board Meeting
Prague, 5th November 2004
Gary Stanley, ABU-HFC Vice Coordinator
Oldrich Cip Chairman HFCC SB
Horst Scholz Vice-Chairman HFCC SB
Dennis Thompson Rapporteur HFCC SB
Vladislav Cip HFCC Secretariat
Jeff White Radio Miami (representing NASB)
Thais White Radio Miami (representing NASB)
Gary Stanley VT Merlin Communications (ABU-HFC Observer)
[Jan-Willem Drexhage of Radio Netherlands and Bassil Zoubi of the Arab States Broadcasting Union also participated in portions of the meeting by speakerphone.]
A05 HFCC/ASBU conference
The A05 HFCC/ASBU conference will be held in Mexico
City, hosted by the National Association of Shortwave Broadcasters (NASB) 7th -
11th February 2005. Mexico City is home to two SW broadcasters, Radio Mil and
Radio Educacion, who are co-sponsoring the conference.
B04 IRUS Campaign
The next IRUS monitoring campaign is [was]
scheduled for 16th to 22nd November. [This is the HFCC committee which has been
set up to monitoring real usage of the shortwave spectrum, to compare the
actual usage with the registered requirements. Arto Mujunen of the IBB
monitoring office in Helsinki, Finland is in charge of this committee.]
ABU-HFC members are very welcome to take part. [ABU-HFC is the Asia Pacific
Broadcasting Union HF Committee.] The frequency band and time will not be
announced in advance, to encourage Frequency Managers to update their schedules
with actual usage only, in all frequency bands.
Cooperation with ABU-HFC
The HFCC SB will encourage its members to take part
in the A05 ABU-HFC conference, in Kuala Lumpur, 24th - 28th January 2005. They
will be asked either to attend the meeting in person, or to take part via
email. In previous ABU-HFC coordination conferences collisions have been
determined by finding requirements that have coincident CIRAF zones. For the
A05 ABU-HFC conference, the HFCC SB have offered to run the collision
prediction software, before the conference and at the end of each day, so that
each FMO [Frequency Management Organization] will be able to have a list
containing calculated as well as coincident CIRAF zone collisions, at the 55
and 65 dB level.
ITU-R Matters
The HFCC is still pursuing ITU-R Sector Membership
that, due to an administration error at the ITU, has been delayed.
A WRC-07 HFCC Project Group has been formed to prepare and submit input documents for WRC-07 Agenda item 1.13. [This is the item regarding the need for extra spectrum by shortwave broadcasters between 4 and 10 MHz.] The group will be led by Geoff Spells of VT Merlin and its terms of reference will be:
To update statistics on HFCC/ASBU/ABU-HFC
schedules on a seasonal basis
Prepare and submit input documents on
broadcasting statistics to relevant groups, e.g. CEPT PT4, ITU-R WP6E, EBU,
ABU, etc
To follow the work in CEPT, ITU, EBU and ABU
and to contribute suitable material in response to further queries
I reported on the progress of WRC-07 Agenda item
1.13 at the recent ITU-R WP6E meeting. This Agenda item is complex, as it also
involves services represented by WP8A (mobile and amateur) and WP9C (fixed).
WP8A and WP9C have queried the validity of the statistics provided by the
broadcasters. WP6E have provided further information, which shows the
statistics are a true picture of the usage in the HFBC bands. This document,
6E/TEMP/61, and the other WP6E output documents concerning HFBC are available
on the HFCC web site [www.hfcc.org].
Two inputs were received from Sharad Sadhu
[Chairman of the ABU-HFC], regarding strategies to tackle the PLT problem
[known as BPL, or Broadband over Power Lines, in North America]. Sharad
suggested that the problem of PLT could be raised at WRC-07 under Agenda item
1.13, as it threatens the amount of interference-free spectrum available to
broadcasters. The HFCC SB thought this was a useful idea and should be explored
by the WRC-07 HFCC Project Group.
An extract of the HFCC/ASBU/ABU-HFC database,
containing all DRM transmissions, will be used as the basis for the live schedule
on the DRM web site. Therefore, FMOs [Frequency Management Organizations]
should ensure that their DRM requirements are as accurate as possible.
Additionally, all DRM requirements should be notified as such, and not hidden
under the AM label.
Future conferences
At the moment there are no hosts for the B05 HFCC/ASBU conference [to be held in August of 2005]. FMOs that have not previously hosted a coordination conference are urged to volunteer to host a future conference.
As you probably know, the NASB -- along with the
IBB -- is sponsoring the A05 Conference of the HFCC/ASBU (High Frequency
Coordinating Committee/Arab States Broadcasting Union) in Mexico City February
7-11, 2005.
Jeff White, Conference Chairman, says all is going very well with the conference preparations. He met with HFCC Steering Board members in Prague on November 5 to discuss plans for the meeting, and he will be making a short visit to Mexico in early December to make preliminary plans and meet with many of the local people who are involved. Jeff was able to secure many sponsorship agreements for the HFCC Conference at the recent DRM meetings in Dallas, as many of the prospective companies and organizations were present. NASB Board member Dennis Dempsey has also been actively involved in conference preparations and potential sponsorship arrangements.
As of late November, some 20 persons were already registered for the Conference. An overall participation of at least 100 is expected. As this is only the second time in the history of the HFCC that the conference has been in the Americas, this is an excellent opportunity for NASB members to take part in the meeting and see how shortwave frequency management is actually accomplished. Many NASB members and associate members are sending not only their frequency managers, but also general management personnel to the HFCC -- including KNLS, WYFR, WEWN, WRMI, HCJB, VT Merlin, TDF and others. NASB President Doug Garlinger will also be attending. George Ross and Jeff LeCureux from KTWR in Guam will be in charge of NASB frequency management at the conference, assisting the FCC.
The tentative Conference agenda is as follows, with
event sponsorships noted:
Tentative Agenda- A05 HFCC Conference - Mexico City, Mexico
Sunday, Feb. 6, 2005
1000-1600 Registration desk opens at Hotel Marquis Reforma for delegate registration.
1600-2100 Optional tour of Mexico City by bus (cost approx. USD 30), "Historical and Modern Mexico." We will visit the city's main plaza, "Constitution Plaza" (also known as the "Zócalo"), one of the largest plazas in the world. In the plaza, we will see the Government Palace and the gigantic murals by painter Diego Rivera depicting more than 1200 people who illustrate the history of Mexico. We will also visit the Metropolitan Cathedral with its famous Altar of the Kings. We will have a panoramic view of the Templo Mayor ruins which have been excavated from the ancient city of Tenochtitlan, upon which Mexico City was constructed. We will continue with a visit to Alameda Park, the old Post Office and the Palace of Fine Arts. There will be an opportunity to have an optional dinner (each person pays his/her own meal) at an open-air restaurant with live Mariachi music.
Monday, February 7, 2005
0700-0900 Breakfast on your own at the hotel.
0900-1800 Registration desk is open (except for lunch break) at hotel.
0900-1800 Internet Center is open in main meeting room, sponsored by VT Communications
1000-1100 Official conference opening at hotel - remarks by meeting hosts and HFCC/ASBU officials; opening plenary session.
1100-1130 Coffee break, sponsored by World Christian Broadcasting (KNLS in Anchor Point, Alaska)
1130-1230 Morning coordination in main meeting room at the hotel.
1230-1330 Lunch at the hotel restaurant. Optional group event; each person pays his/her own meal.
1330-1430 Afternoon coordination in main meeting room at the hotel.
1430-1500 Coffee break, sponsored by Comet North America
1500-1700 Afternoon coordination continues in main meeting room at the hotel.
1700-1800 Presentation in the main meeting room: "The Story of a Radio Station: Radio Mexico International, the Voice of Mexico to the World" by Ana Cristina Del Razo, former director of Radio Mexico International
1800 Buses leave hotel for reception at Radio Educación
1830-2030 Tour and reception at Radio Educación
2030 Buses leave Radio Educación for return trip to Hotel Marquis Reforma
2100 Dinner on your own at the hotel or at one of many hotels within walking distance in the "Zona Rosa" area.
Tuesday, February 8, 2005
0700-0900 Breakfast on your own at the hotel. 0900-1700 Registration desk is open (except for lunch break) at hotel.
0900-1700 Internet Center is open in main meeting room, sponsored by VT Communications
0900-1100 Morning coordination in main meeting room at hotel.
1100-1130 Coffee break, sponsored by the Broadcast and Communications Group of TCI, a Dielectric company
1130-1230 Morning coordination continues in main meeting room.
1230-1330 Lunch at hotel restaurant. Optional group event; each person pays for his/her own meal.
1330-1430 Afternoon coordination in main meeting room at hotel.
1430-1500 Coffee break, sponsored by DRS Broadcast Technology - Continental Electronics
1500-1700 Afternoon coordination continues in main meeting room.
1700 Buses leave hotel for Núcleo Radio Mil.
1730-1930 Tour of the corporate headquarters of Núcleo Radio Mil Communications, followed by a cocktail reception.
1930 Buses leave Radio Mil for Santa Fe Mall
2000-2100 An opportunity to explore the Santa Fe Mall -- largest in Latin America -- and do some shopping on your own.
2100-2300 Dinner at the Rainforest Cafe in Santa Fe Mall. This is a realistic indoor rainforest with jungle surroundings, cascading waterfalls and giant aquariums. The original menu selections are influenced by the cuisines of Mexico, Asia and the Caribbean. Optional group event; each person pays his/her own meal. (There are many other restaurants to choose from in the Mall, if you prefer.)
2300 Buses leave restaurant for hotel
Wednesday, February 9, 2005
0700-0900 Breakfast on your own at the hotel.
0900-1800 Registration desk is open (except for lunch break) at hotel.
0900-1800 Internet Center is open in main meeting room, sponsored by VT Communications
0900-1100 Morning coordination in main meeting room at hotel.
1100-1130 Coffee break, sponsored by the U.S. International Broadcasting Bureau (IBB)
1130-1230 Morning coordination continues in main meeting room.
1230-1330 Lunch at hotel restaurant. Optional group event; each person pays his/her own meal.
1330-1430 Afternoon coordination in main meeting room at hotel.
1430-1500 Coffee break (Sponsorship opportunity)
1500-1700 Afternoon coordination continues in main meeting room.
1700-1800 Presentation (to be announced) in main meeting room.
1900-2200 HFCC Dinner (Sponsored by RIZ Transmitters) at Hotel Marquis Reforma, including live DRM demonstration
Thursday, February 10, 2005
0700-0900 Breakfast on your own at the hotel.
0900-1800 Registration desk is open (except for lunch break) at hotel.
0900-1800 Internet Center is open in main meeting room, sponsored by VT Communications
0900-1100 Morning coordination in main meeting room at hotel.
1100-1130 Coffee break (Sponsorship opportunity)
1130-1230 Morning coordination continues in main meeting room.
1230-1330 Lunch in hotel restaurant. Optional group event; each person pays his/her own meal.
1330-1430 Afternoon coordination in main meeting room at hotel.
1430-1500 Coffee break (Sponsorship opportunity)
1500-1600 Afternoon coordination continues in main meeting room.
1600-1800 Plenary session
1800 The evening is free for sightseeing, shopping and dinner or your own. We will offer some suggestions.
Friday, February 11, 2005
0700-0900 Breakfast on your own at the hotel.
0900-1300 Registration desk open at hotel.
0900-1300 Internet Center is open in main meeting room, sponsored by VT Communications
0900-1100 Morning coordination in main meeting room at hotel.
1100-1130 Coffee break (Sponsorship opportunity)
1130-1200 Official closing of conference in main meeting room.
1200-1300 Farewell reception -- cocktails and hors d'ouevres in the hotel Rotunda, sponsored by Thales Broadcast and Multimedia
1300-1400 Lunch in hotel restaurant. Optional group event; each person pays his/her own meal.
1400-2000 Optional tour by bus to the ancient pyramids of Teotihuacan and the Basilica of Guadalupe, on the outskirts of Mexico City (approx. USD 30 per person). We first visit the Basilica of Guadalupe, the largest shrine in Latin America to the Virgin Mary. Later we visit the ancient city of Teotihuacan, where you can walk along the Boulevard of the Dead and sense the grandeur of the "place of the Gods" while visiting the Pyramid of the Sun and the Pyramid of the Moon. We will also visit a handicraft center where you can purchase high-quality Mexican handicrafts, and there will be a stop for an optional dinner (each person pays his/her own meal) at one of the traditional restaurants of the region.
2000 Buses return to Hotel Marquis Reforma.
Saturday, February 12, 2005 - Monday, February 14, 2005
0900 Buses leave for an optional two-night trip to the popular tourist resort of Acapulco on the Pacific coast. En route, we will visit Cuernavaca, "the City of Eternal Spring," including its grand cathedral. We will continue to the city of Taxco, a place that preserves its history with its original cobblestone streets and the exquisite temple of Santa Prisca. We will stop at a small silver jewelry factory where you can watch artisans doing their traditional silver crafting work. After an optional lunch in Taxco, we will continue to the beautiful port of Acapulco where you will have until Monday morning to visit (on your own) "La Quebrada" (where swimmers dive off mountain cliffs into the Pacific Ocean below), the "Pie de la Cuesta" with its spectacular sunsets and occasional sightings of dolphins and whales, Port Marques, and boat excursions in Acapulco Bay. You can also enjoy the beautiful beach right behind the hotel, and the famous Acapulco nightlife with its discotheques, bars and restaurants. The tour will cost approximately USD 125 per person in double occupancy (or approximately USD 190 per person for single occupancy), and will include luxury bus transportation round-trip from Mexico City to Acapulco and two nights' accommodation in Acapulco at a hotel on the beach. Buses will return to Mexico City on the afternoon of Monday, Feb. 14.
Most of the participants registered so far are planning to take part in the tour to Acapulco after the Conference, and many are bringing their family members along as well.
In addition to the event sponsorships mentioned in the tentative agenda above, NASB member station WEWN/EWTN Global Catholic Radio will be providing a computer specialist throughout the week and conference bags, and NASB member WRMI in Miami is providing a large number of international telephone calls, faxes and other organizational expenses.
We are still in need of a few more sponsors for coffee breaks. Organizations interested in sponsoring an event at the HFCC Conference should contact Jeff White at firstname.lastname@example.com , or by telephone at +1-786-942-4205 or by fax at +1-305-559-8186.
NASB Members:
Adventist World Radio
Assemblies of Yahweh
Family Stations Inc.
Far East Broadcasting Co.
Fundamental Broadcasting Network
La Voz de Restauracion Broadcasting, Inc.
Le Sea Broadcasting Corp.
Radio Miami International
Trans World Radio
Two If By Sea Broadcasting Corp.
WBCQ---The Planet
Word Broadcasting
World Christian Broadcasting
World International Broadcasters
World Wide Catholic Radio
NASB Associate Members:
Comet North America
DRS Continental Electronics
George Jacobs & Associates
Hatfield and Dawson Consulting Engineers
HCJB World Radio
Thales Broadcast and Multimedia
VT Merlin Communications
10400 NW 240th Street, Okeechobee, Florida 34972
Ph: (863) 763-0281 Fax: (863) 763-8867 E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


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Majid Al Futtaim says its shopping malls welcomed 192 million customers during the year, a 4% increase
Dubai-based retail giant Majid Al Futtaim on Wednesday said group revenue grew by 8 percent reaching AED34.6 billion ($9.42 billion) in 2018 compared to the previous year.
The company also reported a 9 percent rise in EBITDA to AED4.6 billion over the same period while total assets were valued at AED60.4 billion with a net debt of around AED12.6 billion.
Majid Al Futtaim said its financial growth was driven by the expansion and diversification efforts across various geographies and by adopting a culture of operational excellence that promotes cost optimisation and efficiency.
Alain Bejjani, CEO of Majid Al Futtaim Holding, said: "2018 has been a year of growth for our company, despite the macroeconomic challenges that affected consumer sentiment. Our strategy to diversify our offering and geographical presence, as well as our commitment to customer centricity and technology investments has yielded great results."
He said that during 2018, Majid Al Futtaim continued to pursue investment opportunities to enhance its digital capabilities and deliver a seamless omni-channel customer experience, while expanding its physical footprint.
The company celebrated the opening of two new shopping malls in the UAE and Oman, grew its hotel portfolio to 13 assets and added 33 grocery retail stores, growing its portfolio to 264.
Majid Al Futtaim Properties registered 1 percent revenue growth to end the year at AED4.6 billion. EBITDA increased by 2 percent to AED3 billion.
Majid Al Futtaim's shopping malls welcomed 192 million customers during the year, a 4 percent increase, while total shopping mall occupancy stood at 95 percent.
Majid Al Futtaim Hotels experienced a decline in revenue per available room (RevPAR) due to current market conditions and reported average occupancy of 75 percent.
Majid Al Futtaim Retail generated strong revenue growth and finished the year at AED28 billion, an 8 percent increase compared to 2017, driven by the addition of new stores. EBITDA increased by 16 percent to AED1.4 billion, largely attributable to cost optimisation initiatives and higher sales in Egypt, Saudi, Kuwait and Kenya.
The Carrefour brand continues to cement its position as the largest grocery retailer in the region, increasing its market share by opening 33 new Carrefour hypermarkets and supermarkets during 2018.
Majid Al Futtaim Ventures' revenue increased by 15 percent in 2018 to AED2.4 billion as VOX Cinemas continued its successful expansion across the region with 52 new screens added to reach 353.
The company said it continues to make progress with its development projects and will be bringing three key shopping malls to market in Oman, UAE and Egypt this year, with the launch of City Centre Suhar, My City Centre Masdar and City Centre Almaza.retail news from the UAE and Gulf countries, follow us on Twitter and Linkedin, like us on Facebook and subscribe to our YouTube page, which is updated daily.


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There are many gangs in Belize City (12 active at last count) mostly divided into two groups, blue and red.
For the past several months the violent activity in Belize city has been pretty dormant.
Last week we got word that Jaheim, one of our students, had been told by the George Street gang, where he lives, that in order to be initiated into the gang he would have to do bodily harm to Egbert. Egbert is another one of our students who happens to be from a "blue" area. The George Street gang is one of the "red" gangs.
Ms Candi confronted that situation head-on in class and we thought we had it under control.
Then on Saturday night four members of the George Street gang were down in Dangriga where gunfire erupted. The leader of the George Street gang was killed. I'm getting mixed signals about whether another of the gang was killed but at least one other of the group was injured, maybe more. Immediately the word went out and all the night clubs and bars in Belize City were closed down for fear of immediate retaliation.
Yesterday morning Ms Candi was on the phone from 5:00 am talking with parents from our school. Egbert had been threatened that if he showed up at school yesterday, it would be his last. Ms Candi told him to stay home and he will probably stay home until we decide differently.
Harrison also stayed home. He is from a 'red' area but he has to walk through a good bit of 'blue' territory to get to school.
Jahiem, mentioned above, who is trying to decide how badly he wants in the gang because his best friends are in it, also did not come to school yesterday. I saw him riding his bicycle with a gang member.
At the end of the school day we were at athletic practice when Ms Candi got a call and went back to school. Persons from the Ministry of Education wanted to talk with her and gave her some free advice about how she should handle things. (She was a little miffed.)
After she returned, we took the half dozen students home from discus practice advising them to just go home and stay there for the evening. Everyone is on pins and needles right now. There will be retribution but no one knows who, when, where or how.
Prayers are welcome. I mean it.


text: After years of experience in the fashion industry we've decided to do it differently. Fashion is the second most polluting industry in the world and most women we know have way to much items that they don't wear. That is why we've decided to open a walk in closet for women to share and recycle their wardrobes.


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Sport-Tec offers you the option to pay for your orders on finance from our partner bank within Germany - given that the order value is above 199,- ..
You will benefit from a low interest rate - 0% - 9.9% APR - and variable terms from 6 to 72 months. On this page you will find all of the information about finance, includding an example calculator. Simply enter the amount you require and see the monthly instalment that you can expect over your prefeerred term. You will also find information and terms from our partner bank here.


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By Vita Forest
She left the house that morning with the final three boxes sitting snugly in a row across the back seat. The removalists followed the car up the hill and away, away from it all.
They stopped at her sister's place to pick up the pieces. The pieces of frame to make up the bed. The mattress that slept under another bed. The pile of carefully folded sheets that fitted the mattress exactly.
She had been floating. Floating around the house. Sleepovers with the kids on foam mattresses in their rooms. Or wrapped in a too big sheet on a camp bed in the study. The study that she had made into her fortress. A brass lock from Bunnings that came with its own set of screws. The little screws she had pressed through the paint on the door until the tips pierced the wood, that she had wound down and down with the screwdriver til they sat flush against the surface. The tiny bolt sliding deftly across to the door frame. Sweet dreams indeed.
The truck waddled along behind the car, pulling up behind her at the new home. The removalists gave their shoulders a quick roll, then started to empty the truck. Boxes, bedframes, ficus in terracotta pot, her favourite chair and the Hundertwasser print bought in Berlin. All hauled through the gate to the courtyard, across the grass, skimming the gardenia bushes and up the stairs to her new life.
An hour later, her parents rang the new doorbell and came in with a thermos of tea to keep them going until that new kettle could be located (Kitchen Box 2). Her sister arrived with her niece and bag of home-made granola. They stood on the balcony in the sunshine and sipped tea from plastic mugs, the removalists sculling theirs black and strong before going back to work. Steadily the rooms filled with boxes and bookshelves and chairs and un-assembled wardrobes.
She unwrapped her share of plates and cups and kitchen stuff and decided that the mugs should go on the open shelf near the window. Her sister unpacked clothes, carefully folding them into neat squares smoothed of any creases, before packing them away in the newly assembled chest of drawers. Her niece drawing on used sheets of packing paper with a selection of five crayons while sitting inside an empty suitcase. Her mother collapsing spent boxes into flat rectangles ready for the garage. Her father laying out slats and legs and pieces of frame and building the bed.
The bed for her new bedroom. The bed from her sister's that would be hers for now. And as she carried boxes down to the garage and hung pictures on the hooks around the walls, her mother made the bed. The sheets, the pillows in matching cases, the quilt from childhood. All there in her new home, the bed from her sister, put together by her father, made up by her mother.
That night she slipped down between the clean, crisp sheets and smiled up at the new ceiling and let go.


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Lunch & Learn: Making an Ornament
Special Event - Adults
Create a fanciful marbelized ornament. Supplies will be provided.
Anne Arundel County established a charter form of government in 1964.
The Anne Arundel County Government consists of Departments and Offices as well as Boards & Commissions. These entities work together to serve our Citizen's needs.
Department DirectoryBoards & Commissions
Anne Arundel County provides a wide array of services and programs for its Citizens, Businesses, and Visitors
Stay connected with the latest news/information, provide your input, and find out how you can get involved.
With almost 54,000 businesses, Anne Arundel County is a major hub of commerce and development. With a $35 billion economy, low taxes, a vast multi-modal transportation system, highly skilled workforce and excellent educational institutions, Anne Arundel County is the premier location to do business.
Special Event - Adults
Create a fanciful marbelized ornament. Supplies will be provided.
As the most centrally-located county in Maryland and site of the state capital of Annapolis, Anne Arundel County is in many ways the heart of Maryland. Half a million people call the county home.


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MyCelium mobile wallet to store these bitcoins. However, if your computer is connected to the internet, your wallet is still vulnerable to attacks. Both the Ledger and the Trezor require 20 passphrases for recovery and reset purposes; however, the Trezor package sends the user a random list. Are you satisfied with your experience? Being from the information technology field and having a keen interest in information security, I knew it was not wise to trust my mobile phone for holding large amounts of Bitcoin citibank forex and other cryptocurrencies. These wallets include online/web wallets, desktop wallets, and mobile wallets. While this may seem more ideal, what is more convenient for you is also more convenient for those who may be trying to hack you. Josh Datko, 38, haben sie eine gemeinsame Firma namens Keylabs. Is Ledger Nano S Safe? In the next screen, select "Create New Wallet then continue. Like the other backups, be sure to write it down and store it in a safe place. Coinbase is a good place to buy bitcoins and learn how it works, but not a good solution for long term storage.
Ledger Nano, s Review: Things To Know Before
Some software wallets can be hot or cold storage. In many ways, it represents the m of hardware wallets. A, bitcoin address is like an account number, just better. Please do not do this! The only accounts you might encounter are online wallets that are separated into various accounts via a user system. All in all, if youre looking for the best hardware wallet, theres nothing ledger nano bitcoin wallet app better than the Ledger Nano. Should be treated similarly to how you may treat your physical wallet/purse. Use randomly generated 14 character passwords and never re-use the same password.
Ledger Nano, s Ledger
Secure Crypto Storage If you dont hold the private keys, you dont own your money! Exodus Wallet - Desktop Wallet Exodus is another popular multi-cryptocurrency wallet or universal cryptocurrency wallet, meaning it supports many coins. The security of your Bitcoins and other altcoins is in your hands. Ebenso zeigten die Experten, warum man den Sicherheitssiegeln auf den Verpackungen der Wallets nicht trauen kann: Allzu leicht lassen sie sich entfernen und wieder anbringen. You buy it, you initialize it, then you use. In terms of design, this is maybe the best option and also great as a backup hardware wallet to handle small amounts of cryptocurrencies. Most true aficionados of cryptocurrencies tend to err on the side of caution where security is concerned. This is maybe the one device out there, that comes with a simple yet truly reliable second-chance in the worst-case scenario. These wallets store your private keys in the cloud. Once installed, youd setup your trezor and all of your transaction history and balance would get imported and be exactly the same.
M: Ledger Nano, s: Computers
How to generate a new Bitcoin Address varies between wallets. The user interface is very easy to use and even provides links to several blockchain browsers. Your wallet will automatically generate addresses for you. If you dont need portability and want to connect your Ledger ledger nano bitcoin wallet app to your devices using Bluetooth, the Ledger Blue is a good choice. If, however, youre planning to run a Bitcoin centered business make sure to use advanced wallets that support automated mass payments. If you are like most people, you will probably use your default email that youve had for years, and perhaps add a bit more complex password for the account itself for good measure. This is because someone can buy a hardware wallet, tamper with it, and sell it used.
How To Use Neo
If you are uncertain of where to start, ledger nano bitcoin wallet app this is probably for you. Nedospasov lebt in Berlin und Moskau, Roth in Esslingen, Datko in Fort Collins im US-Bundesstaat Colorado. Select yes, and it will generate a 12 word backup phrase. Ideally, only the first mode of twin authentication should be used if your DigitalBitbox is your main hardware wallet. When you are sending Bitcoins to someone, you need to allow the transaction by tapping certain buttons on your Ledger. Too many people in the past have lost money from hacks like Bitfinex and. However, if you dont intend to use it for making many transactions, then it makes for a useful extended feature. Lets say you use trezor with trezors mytrezor wallet. That being said, if you are only or primarily using Bitcoin, then this is the hardware wallet for you. Bei großen Summen würde ich selbst wohl auf eine Lösung eines größeren Herstellers mit einem Hardwaresicherheitsmodul (HSM) setzen, also etwa auf eine Kombination aus Wallets und Hochsicherheitsservern. Google Authenticator An app that resides on your mobile device and cycles through one-time use access tokens. That is when I discovered paper wallets, which sounded like the best option for holding Bitcoin for a long period of time, but it still seemed a little too inconvenient. Roth: Dass einen ein Bote kurz in ein Paket schauen lässt, wenn man ihm hundert Euro zusteckt, halte ich für zumindest vorstellbar.
In order to fully set up your Exodus wallet, you have to deposit some cryptocurrency. You can create an account on a cryptocurrency exchange, but this is not a default cryptocurrency account in the same way that you have a bank account. By no means is that a bad thing as Shift Devices may have created the most secure cold storage device for cryptocurrencies outside of a paper storage. To manage your assets and view your digital address you will have to open the m file located on the drive. The purchased coins can then be sent to your wallet by specifying one of its addresses. You can see a complete list here. Roth: Ja, das liegt an einer Leitung vom Prozessor zum Display, die - von den Entwicklern unbeabsichtigt - starke elektromagnetische Emissionen hat. For some, this may be a possible security concern, but not hugely so, especially given the highly randomized pass-numbers and authentication process. OpenDime Hardware Wallet Recently, there has been a lot of excitement around Bitcoin and other altcoins. Plug it into a USB port on your device. Most of my friends are already using this wallet, and they are using it for just one purpose: Keeping their Bitcoin secure. Write this phrase down and store it away safely.
Wallet on, ledger Nano S, with
Its as simple as navigating to the website/exchange and ledger nano bitcoin wallet app clicking the forgot password link to begin the process. The Ledger Nano S is portable and easy to move around with. Continue." The KeyStore file will be downloaded, and you will be able to view your private key on the next screen. The only real downside for prospective users is that for all intents it is currently restricted to Bitcoin. Bestimmte Arten von Angriffen - darunter fallen zum Beispiel Attacken auf die Lieferkette oder den Chip - sind für Hardware-Wallets aber ein Risiko. The Ledger gives the user the freedom to create their own. Stripped of all the hype and value predictions, Bitcoin is primarily a means of exchange. Regardless of which you choose, it is simply important that you choose at least one and use. OpenDime is a relatively new cold storage platform that truly embraces the values of decentralization and relative anonymity.
Notably, MyEtherWallet cannot store Bitcoin, Bitcoin Cash, or other related currencies. In a manner that directly parallels smashing open a piggy bank, once an OpenDime storage unit is opened it can no longer be used with the same degree of safety again. Ledger Nano S, KeepKey and trezor all work with: Mycelium (Android version only) Electrum for Mac, Windows and Linux GreenAddress Do these hardware wallets work for Ethereum? Although many competitors have stepped forward over the years, it still remains one of the best hardware wallets for cold storage of cryptocurrencies. When you update your wallet, you dont need to transfer coins to anywhere. DO NOT store your money ON AN exchange! You are not able to withdrawal your coins from their app. Zu den Personen, keylabs, dmitry ledger nano bitcoin wallet app Nedospasov, 31, und, thomas Roth, 27, sind Experten für IT-Sicherheit. Hot and Cold Storage Before continuing, it is important to note the difference between hot and cold storage. Just like you would avoid flailing your bills about in a dangerous place, you should make sure to keep your passwords and keys as safe as possible. Phishing email impersonating. A safer alternative is running MyEtherWallet offline. The device is controlled by only 2 buttons, and all actions can be verified on its screen.
35C3: Hacker greifen Hardware-Wallets von Trezor und
This part is easy, and you can learn this from watching the above video playlist. With these fail-safes in place, your wallet is all set. A New Competitor for the Trezor and Ledger When it comes to using cryptocurrencies, if security dominates your every thought, then the DigitalBitbox is the hardware wallet that you are looking for. As such, a Bitcoin wallet is like a key to your safe deposit box on the Blockchain. It also helps that it is one of the most affordable options out there at the moment. Its unreasonable to expect anyone else to make this decision for you.
Web wallets allow you to quickly access your coins from any internet connected device. If this seems daunting to you, consider leveraging a password manager such as LastPass or Dashlane that will assist in password generation and storage. However, later on, after I discovered a few Bitcoin exchanges and became even more interested in the technology, I finally decided to buy my first bitcoins. These wallets store your private keys on your hard drive. Summary Reviewer Harsh Agrawal Review Date Reviewed Item Ledger Nano S Author Rating Contents 197 shares. Its true that online wallets are necessarily more dangerous than offline wallets. There is no such thing really. Youll be crushed if you lose access to a wallet with all of your funds. Visit the official Ledger Nano S page How Does Ledger Nano S work?
You will then have to generate a private key by adding 256 KB to the drive. Should I take a picture of the seed with my phone as a backup? Update: Now there more than 700 cryptocurrencies/tokens right now supported by Ledger Nano. Vielleicht sind bislang auch noch nicht genug Beispiele von Leuten bekannt, denen ihr komplettes Krypto-Vermögen geklaut wurde. Coinbase is a web wallet with a simple design and a number of very useful features that make it excellent for beginners. If you download a desktop wallet on an internet-connected computer, it is hot storage. There are more advantages of using Ledger Nano S that you will discover as you become more comfortable with the device. So, if the hardware wallet company goes out of business you will still be able to use your wallet with a different wallet like Electrum. Additionally, Ledger has developed its own secure element operating system, named bolos - a flexible and open system making it easy to support many crypto assets.


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Thousands of people have jumped on the activity tracker scene looking to get more exercise into their busy lives, and maybe even lose a few pounds along the way. The newest craze to hit the office is to put together work step challenge contests.
Basically, you get a few coworkers together that all have the same activity tracker, in this case we'll use Fitbits. Directly inside the Fitbit app is a tab called challenges where you can add your coworkers to your friends list, and set the challenge up for anywhere from 24 hours, to a weekend warrior contest, to a weekday hustle challenge. It definitely becomes competitive, and you may have a Fitbit contest cheater in your challenge to be aware of, as many are speaking out on exactly how they won all of their challenges by cheating the Fitbit system.
You may be thinking, "Why on Earth would anyone feel the need to fake how many steps they completed in one day?", and in most cases it is because the challenge had a winning monetary value in the end.
People are actually strapping their Fitbits to devices, objects, other people, and even pets! Kids, little rambunctious children are not off limits either. Yes, you read that correctly, grown parents are slapping their activity trackers on their sons and daughters to rake in the steps.
Wired reported some other crafty ways you can gain steps are to place your Fitbit on a fan blade and turn it on, a drill, a mixer in your kitchen, stick on your dog's collar, and so forth. As long as it is a moving target in most cases it will add up. Others also rely on simply moving their wrist back and fourth, or in a circular movement to get steps. You may look a little silly doing this in public or at the office, but apparently it does work. Or, you could just go for a lengthy walk each day, and win your challenge the old fashioned way; the choice is yours!


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After studying at Nottingham Trent University and the Guildford College of Law, Susan qualified as a Solicitor in 1986. With over 30 years' experience, Susan joined Headleys in 2013 as an Associate and is responsible for all Wills, Administration of Estates and Elderly Client Services across both offices.
Susan is a member of the Society of Trust and Estate Practitioners (STEP) and regularly works with individuals and families to provide appropriate and time-sensitive advice regarding long-term care and planning for the future.
Susan's Expertise:
- Making A Will
- Administration of Estates
- Trusts & Inheritance Tax Planning
- Court of Protection
- Power of Attorney
- Long-term Care Advice