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13. Hold fast the form of sound words, which thou hast heard of me, in faith and love which is in Christ Jesus.
13. Formam habe sanorum sermonum, quos a me audisti in fide et caritate, in Christo Iesu.
14. That good thing which was committed unto thee keep by the Holy Ghost which dwelleth in us.
14. Eregium depositum custodi per Spiritum Sanctum, qui inhabitat in nobis.
15. This thou knowest, that all they which are in Asia be turned away from me; of whom are Phygellus and Hermogenes.
15. Nosti hoc, quod aversati me fuerint omnes, qui sunt in Asia, quorum sunt Phygelus et Hermogenes.
16. The Lord give mercy unto the house of Onesiphorus; for he oft refreshed me, and was not ashamed of my chain:
16. Det misericordiam Dominus Onesiphori familiae; quoniam saepe me refocillait, et de catena mea non erubuit:
17. But when he was in Rome, he sought me out very diligently, and found me
17. Sed quum esset Romae, studiosus quaesivit me, et invenit.
18. The Lord grant unto him that he may find mercy of the Lord in that day: and in how many things he ministered unto me at Ephesus, thou knowest very well.
18. Det ei Dominus invenire misericordiam a Domino in illa die et quanta Ephesi ministravit melius tu nosti.
13 Hold the form of sound words Some explain it thus: "Let thy doctrine be, as it were, a pattern which others may imitate." I do not approve of that view. Equally removed from Paul's meaning is Chrysostom's exposition, that Timothy should have at hand the image of virtues engraven on his heart by Paul's doctrine. I rather think that Paul commands Timothy to hold fast the doctrine which he had learned, not only as to substance, but as to the very form of expression; for ὑποτύπωσις — the word which Paul employs on this occasion — denotes a lively picture of objects, as if they were actually placed before the eyes. Paul knew how ready men are to depart or fall off from pure doctrine. For this reason he earnestly cautions Timothy not to turn aside from that form of teaching which he had received, and to regulate his manner of teaching by the rule which had been laid down; not that we ought to be very scrupulous about words, but because to misrepresent doctrine, even in the smallest degree, is exceedingly injurious. 148148 "He was not barely to assert the words of Scripture, but he was to hold fast the summary, or system of the truths he had heard from his spiritual father, and, in a way of dependence on Christ, to show his fidelity and love to his Redeemer. This system of doctrine he was to keep, as a pledge committed to his trust, by the help of the Holy Spirit. Ministers are to hold fast every truth, but, above all, those particular truths which are the peculiar butt of the devil's opposition, and meet with rough treatment in the times in which they live; so doing, they comply with the command which their exalted Master laid upon the pastor of the Church at Philadelphia, and then they may hope for the blessing he promised. (Revelation 3:8,10,11.)" — Abraham Taylor.
Hence we see what kind of theology there is in Popery, which has degenerated so far from the pattern which Paul recommends, that it resembles the riddles of diviners or soothsayers rather than a doctrine taken from the word of God. What taste of Paul's writings, I ask, is there in all the books of the schoolmen? This licentiousness in corrupting doctrine shews that there are great reasons why Paul invites Timothy to hold fast the original and natural form. And he contrasts sound words not only with doctrines manifestly wicked, but within useless questions, which, instead of health, bring nothing but disease.
In faith and love, which is in Christ Jesus I am aware that the preposition ἐν, agreeably to the idiom of the Hebrew language, ב is often taken for with; but here, I think, the meaning is different Paul has added this as a mark of sound doctrine, in order that we may know what it contains, and what is the summary of it, the whole of which, according to his custom, he includes under "faith and love." He places both of them in Christ; as, indeed, the knowledge of Christ consists chiefly of these two parts; for, although the words, which is, are in the singular number, agreeing with the word love, yet it must also be understood as applying to faith.
Those who translate it, "with faith and love," make the meaning to be, that Timothy should add to sound doctrine the affections of piety and love. I do acknowledge that no man can persevere faithfully in sound doctrine unless he is endued with true faith and unfeigned love. But the former exposition, in my opinion, is more appropriate, namely, that Paul employs these terms for describing more fully what is the nature of "sound words" and what is the subject of them. Now he says that the summary consists in "faith and love" of which the knowledge of Christ is the source and beginning.
14 Keep the excellent thing committed to thee This exhortation is more extensive than the preceding. He exhorts Timothy to consider what God has given to him, and to bestow care and application in proportion to the high value of that which has been committed; for, when the thing is of little value, we are not wont to call any one to so strict an account.
By "that which hath been committed," I understand him to mean both the honor of the ministry and all the gifts with which Timothy was endued. Some limit it to the ministry alone; but I think that it denotes chiefly the qualifications for the ministry, that is, all the gifts of the Spirit, in which he excelled. The word "committed" is employed also for another reason, to remind Timothy that he must, one day, render an account; for we ought to administer faithfully what God has committed to us.
Τὸ Καλόν 149149 "Le mot Grec duquel il use, que nous traduisons bon." — "The Greek word, which he employs, which we translate good." denotes that which is of high or singular value; and, therefore, Erasmus has happily translated it (egregium) "excellent," for the sake of denoting its rare worth. I have followed that version. But what is the method of keeping it? It is this. We must beware lest we lose by our indolence what God has bestowed upon us, or lest it be taken away, because we have been ungrateful or have abused it; for there are many who reject the grace of God, and many who, after having received it, deprive themselves of it altogether. Yet because the difficulty of keeping it is beyond our strength, he therefore adds, —
By the Holy Spirit As if he had said, "I do ask from thee more than thou canst, for what thou hast not from thyself the Spirit of God will supply to thee." Hence it follows, that we must not judge of the strength of men from the commandments of God; because, as he commands by words, so he likewise engraves his words on our hearts, and, by communicating strength, causes that his command shall not be in vain.
Who dwelleth in us 150150 "Seeing that God hath taken up his abode in us, and wishes that we may be his temples, and dwells in those temples by his Holy Spirit, are we afraid that he will not give us power to persevere till the end, that he will not keep us in certain possession of the benefits which we have received from his hand? True, the devil will labor to deprive us of it, but, as our souls will not be a prey to him, because our Lord Jesus Christ has taken them under his protection, having been committed to him by God the Father; so nothing that God has appointed for our salvation will be a prey to Satan. And why? Because we have the Spirit to defend us against all his efforts. And where is that Spirit? We must not go to seek him above the clouds. It is true that he fills the whole earth, and that his majesty dwells above the heavens; but if we feel that he dwells in us, since he has been pleased to exercise his power on such poor creatures as we are, let us know that that power will be sufficient for defending us against the assaults of Satan; that is, provided that we, on our part, are not negligent. For we must not flatter ourselves in our sins, so as to be careless, but must pray to God, committing everything to him, and hoping that he will always strengthen us more and more. And because he has begun to make us ministers of his grace, let us know that he will continue, and in such a way that our salvation and that of our neighbor's shall always be carried forward more and more to his glory."-Fr. Ser. By this he means, that the assistance of the Holy Spirit is present to believers, provided that they do not reject it when it is offered to them.
15 Thou knowest that all that are in Asia have forsaken me Those apostasies which he mentions might have shaken the hearts of many, and given rise, at the same time, to many suspicions; as we commonly look at everything in the worst light. Paul meets scandals of this kind with courage and heroism, that all good men may learn to abhor the treachery of those who had thus deserted the servant of Christ, when he alone, at the peril of his life, was upholding the common cause; and that they may not on that account give way, when they learn that Paul is not left destitute of divine assistance.
Of whom are Phygellus and Hermogenes He names two of them, who were probably more celebrated than the rest, that he may shut the door against their slanders; for it is customary with revolters and deserters from the Christian warfare, 151151 "Car c'est la coustume des apostats, et de ceux qui Laissent la vocation de Christ." — "For it is customary with apostates, and with those who forsake the calling of Christ." in order to excuse their own baseness, to forge as many accusations as they can against the good and faithful ministers of the gospel. "Phygellus and Hermogenes," knowing that their cowardice was justly reckoned infamous by believers, and that they were even condemned as guilty of base treachery, would not have hesitated to load Paul with false accusations, and impudently to attack his innocence. Paul, therefore, in order to take away all credit from their lies, brands them with the mark which they deserve.
Thus also, in the present day, there are many who, because they are not here admitted into the ministry, or are stripped of the honor on account of their wickedness, 152152 "Pource qu'on les en depose a cause de leur mesehancete et vie scandaleuse." — "Because they are deposed on account of their wickedness and scandalous life." or because we do not choose to support them while they do nothing, or because they have committed theft or fornication, are compelled to fly, and forthwith wander through France and other countries, and, by throwing upon us all the accusations 153153 "Tous les blasphemes et accusations qu'ils peuvent." — "All the blasphemies and accusations that they can." that they can, borrow from them an attestation of their innocence. And some brethren are so silly as to accuse us of cruelty, if any of us paints such persons in their true colors. But it were to be wished that all of them had their forehead marked with a hot iron, that they might be recognized at first sight.
16 May the Lord grant mercy From this prayer we infer, that the good offices done to the saints are not thrown away, even though they cannot recompense them; for, when he prays to God to reward them, this carries in it the force of a promise. At the same time, Paul testifies his gratitude, by desiring that God will grant the remuneration, because he is unable to pay. What if he had possessed abundant means of remuneration? Undoubtedly he would have manifested that he was not ungrateful.
To the family of Onesiphorus, for he often refreshed me It is worthy of attention, that although he praises the kindness of Onesiphorus alone, yet, on his account, he prays for mercy to the whole family Hence we infer, that "the blessing of God rests, not only on the head of the righteous man," but on all his house. So great is the love of God toward his people, that it diffuses itself over all who are connected with them.
And was not ashamed of my chain This is a proof, not only of his liberality, but likewise of his zeal; seeing that he cheerfully exposed himself to danger and to the reproach of men, in order to assist Paul.
18 May the Lord grant to him Some explain it thus: — "May God grant to him that he may find mercy with Christ the Judge." And, indeed, this is somewhat more tolerable than to interpret that passage in the writings of Moses:
"The Lord rained fire from the Lord," (Genesis 19:24,)
as meaning, — "The Father rained from the Son." 154154 See Calvin on Genesis, vol. 1, p. 512, where that remarkable expression is copiously explained. — Ed. Yet it is possible that strong feeling may have prompted Paul, as often happens, to make a superfluous repetition.
That he may find mercy with the Lord on that day 155155 "No Christian can read this passage without being powerfully affected by it; for we see that Paul was, as it were, transported, when he spoke of that coming of our Lord Jesus Christ, and of the final resurrection. He does not say, "May the Lord grant that he may find favor at his coming, on the day of our redemption, when he shall appear again to judge the world!" But he says, "On that day;" as if he presented the Lord Jesus visibly, with his angels. Paul did not speak those things coldly, or like a man, but he rose above all men, that he might be able to exclaim, "That day, that day!" And where is it? True, none of those who wish to be wise in themselves will take any pains to find it; for that saying must be fulfilled, — "Eye hath not seen, ears have not heard, neither hath entered into the heart of man, what God hath prepared for them that love him." (Isaiah 64:4.) Let men task their powers to the utmost to know it, it will be to them a dark and mysterious thing, and they will not be able to approach to it. But when we shall embrace the promise which he hath given to us, and after having known that Christ, being risen from the dead, displayed his power, not for his own sake, but to gather together all his members, and to unite them to himself, then shall we be able truly to say, That day."-Fr. Ser. This prayer shews us how much richer a recompense awaits those who, without the expectation of an earthly reward, perform kind offices to the saints, than if they received it immediately from the hand of men. And what does he pray for? "That he may find mercy;" for he who hath been merciful to his neighbors will receive such mercy from God to himself. And if this promise does not powerfully animate and encourage us to the exercise of kindness, we are worse than stupid. Hence it follows, also, that when God rewards us, it is not on account of our merits or of any excellence that is in us; but that the best and most valuable reward which he bestows upon us is, when he pardons us, and shews himself to be, not a stern judge, but a kind and indulgent Father.
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Southwark Council's planning committee has backed the construction of a 37-storey residential tower block as part of the regeneration of Elephant & Castle.
Proceeds from the sale of the land for the 284-home St Mary's site, adjacent to the area's tube station, will fund the construction of a new £20 million leisure centre in the area.
The block was designed by architect Squire & Partners, and developer Lend Lease is expected to begin construction next summer.
A statement from Rob Deck, Lend Lease's Elephant & Castle project director, said the council's decision represented "the most significant milestone to date" in the area's in the £1.5 billion regeneration
"St Mary's Residential is also a bold visual marker for the wider regeneration of the area," he said.
The council said the new leisure centre being created as a result of the development would "dramatically improve" the accessibility of health and sports facilities in the area and was expected to be complete "in the autumn of 2014".
Council leader Peter John said the area had been crying out for an up-to-date leisure centre and swimming pool for too long.
"Planning consent means that we're ready to take this to the next stage," he said.
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"We'll soon be able to see the physical signs of the new leisure centre taking shape on the ground - just another sign of the area's exciting and rapid transformation."
"We've already surpassed one degree of global warming," said Kristen Buida, manager of the London Climate Change Partnership.

subset: commoncrawl


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Maryland State Division Of Education
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Pride month is here! July 1, 2019 mark epic moments of celebrities from all walks of fame coming together to celebrate the acceptance, as well as embracing the awareness of the work that still needs to be done.
Certainly, many well-known celebrities and fashion icons turned out to reveal their support for the community, and absolutely ridiculously nailed it while doing it.
Scroll down for a brief of this year's finest fashion rainbow attire moments!
Alicia Keys with her custom Stella McCartney jumpsuit embellished with the title of the famous 90's hit track "Show Me Love" in a cascade of rainbow-colored studs on the back, completed with her flawless braided hair.
Donatella, the iconic fashion designer shows her support with two different looks, both custom Versace. She decides to go for a casual look (in her own way of casual) with a white jean and a t-shirt but certainly highlighting the typical colors of pride month. For the second look, she goes for an absolute eye-catching and more Versace kind-of-a-look with a super skinny-mini dress completed by over-knee boots. Once again we all can be sure she never gives up of her crystal embroidery on every outfit she wears.
Riccardo Tisci (Burberry's Chief Creative Officer) and Irina Shayk both wearing matching Burberry t-shirts which she tied at the waist and teamed with casual denim shorts.
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he twirled down 5th Avenue for Sunday's parade and he owned it indeed.
Cheers to his beautiful soul!
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Section 1
Linear ( streamline) Flow and Flow Power Amplification
Section Links:
Section 2: Invention No. 1: A New Isentropic Air Motor and Clean Energy Source
Section 3: To be posted in near future
Section 4: Flow Acceleration and Centrifugal Force as a Possible Cause of the Observed Temperature Rise Anomaly in the Ranque-Hilsch Vortex Tube
Abstract: This is is a brief review of air flow fundamentals which lead to a way of enormously increasing the power of an air flow by efficiently accelerating it. This leads to two new inventions for extracting the increased flow power to do useful work. The new methods use ordinary air and involve no fossil fuel heat input or noxious exhaust gases. If desired, the new air motor can potentially provide a self-sustaining mode of operation ( Perpetual Motion).
1.1 Fluid Flow Principles: Linear (streamline) flow
1.2 Flow Losses and Inefficiencies
1.3 Flow Velocity Changes/ Acceleration and Pressure Changes
1.4 Flow Power Amplification: Accelerating the Linear Flow of a Gas to Increase its Flow Power
1.5 Accelerating the Basic Linear Mass Flow
1.1 Fluid Flow Principles: Linear ( streamline) flow:
Before we describe the new acceleration and energy production process, we need a few basic fluid flow principles. The general subject of air flow is a part of fluid mechanics [Ref.1] which deals with both incompressible and compressible flows. Air is compressible, so that its density is not constant but varies with the flow speed V, the pressure p and the temperature T. The changes in air density ρ with flow speed are quite small up to speeds of about Mach 0.3 (about 90 m/s), so that for low wind speeds, air is often treated as being incompressible with the density ρ being taken as constant (at about 1.2 kg per cu. m. at m.s.l.).With the density constant, only the pressure and temperature changes need be considered. In this case, for the low speed incompressible case, the two principal flow equations are the Bernoulli equation and the equation of mass continuity which are as follows: ( units are SI, that is to say, kilogram/meter/second units)
First, the Bernoulli equation, which is related to the energy, is:
∫dp/ρ + ½ V2 = constant along a streamline (1)
For incompressible flow, this becomes
p/ ρ + ½ V2 = constant along a streamline; in energy units (joules) (1a)
or p + ½ ρV2 = constant along a stream line; in pressure units (Pascals) (1b)
The second flow equation is the Equation of Continuity of Mass:
ρ1 V1 A1 = ρ2 V2 A2 = dm/dt = m-dot = constant ( kilograms/sec) (2)
where the subscript numerals refer to values of the density ρ, velocity V and cross-sectional area A at different cross sections along the flow path.
It is seen that Equation (2) represents the mass m of air flowing per second (dm/dt), which in SI units would be expressed as kilograms of air passing through any given area per second. Thus, a reduced cross-sectional area A, means an increased velocity V and vice versa.. The velocity increase in a flow passing through a converging conical nozzle can thus be formulated from (2) as
V2 = V1 [A1/ A2] [ ρ1/ ρ2] (3)
From this we can see that, if the air density ρ were to be constant, the velocity increase in a converging nozzle is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area decrease. This simplifying constant density assumption could apply for example to air speeds of less than about Mach 0.3 ( 90 m/s) . Above that speed compressibility becomes important and density changes must explicitly be taken into account through the isentropic relationships.
In an isentropic flow [Ref. 1, 2, 3] the changes in the thermodynamic variables of the gas, i.e. in the pressure p, density ρ, temperature T, speed of sound c, and flow velocity V, all take place according to the isentropic relationships:
(p/po)(k-1)/k = ( ρ/ ρo)k-1 = T/To = (c/co )2 = 1 – (V/co)2 /n (4)
where n = 2/(k-1) and k is the ratio of specific heats. Expressed in terms of the number of ways n that the energy is divided ( n = 2/(k -1)) we also have
(p/po)2/(n+2) = ρ/ ρo)2/n = T/To = (c/co )2 = [1 – (V/co)2 /n ] (4a)
Thus, for example, a drop in any one of pressure, density or temperature brings about an increase in the flow velocity. The subscripted values are for stagnation or zero velocity initial conditions. For air, the value of k, the ratio of specific heats ( k = cp/cv) , has the value 1.4 . Here c is the speed of sound and co is its stagnation ( no flow) speed.
As an example of the magnitude of the isentropic effects, we may note that that at the flow speed of approximately 313 m/s ( i.e. at the sonic speed), the pressure will have dropped by 47.2% to almost half an atmosphere, the density will have dropped by 37 % and the temperature by 17%,. The isentropic values are readily available from tables ( Ref. 1,2,3] or from various commercially available computer programs for isentropic flow calculations.
Isentropic velocity increases readily take place, for example, in a converging nozzle through which the flow is directed; the velocity reaches its maximum value at the narrowest cross-section of the nozzle called the 'throat'. If the flow is then passed on through a diverging nozzle, it will decelerate efficiently without losses and drop back to normal velocity, pressure and density value at the exit. The governing equations for compressible flow of air in a nozzle are the isentropic flow relationships as given in Eqns.4 and 4a plus the equation of continuity of mass in Eqn.2
1.2 Flow Losses and Inefficiencies
The Bernoulli equation, mass continuity equation and isentropic equations given above for linear flow all assume that no flow turbulence, viscosity or friction is present This amounts to assuming that the flow is 100 % efficient. In practice, of course, some turbulence, heat flow ,viscosity and so on will be present, but the losses can still with care be kept as low as a few percentage points. We also note that fluid acceleration can quite easily be made nearly 100% efficient; deceleration, on the other hand, is more difficult to achieve efficiently, that is to say without losses.[ Ref. 1]. We shall consider such accelerations in detail shortly.
1.3 Flow Velocity Changes/ Acceleration and Pressure Changes
From isentropic considerations, we have [Ref. 2]:
dp = −ρV dV
Also, in incompressible flow the familiar Bernoulli equation
p +1/2 ρ V2 = constant
gives the same result, namely dp = − ρV dV
Thus, an acceleration in flow velocity must result in a decrease in pressure, whereas deceleration must bring about an increase in pressure.
We can now apply the above flow principles to explain several interesting experimental problems.
Since an acceleration increases the kinetic energy of the flow, it is natural to consider how the kinetic energy and power of a flow may be increased and then extracted to do useful work.
Energy can be added to a fluid in various ways. Heating a gas adds internal energy and the temperature and pressure are thereby raised. This process is the basis for the operation of steam engines and internal combustion engines of all sorts, and its thermodynamics and dynamics are well understood.
Another way of adding energy is to increase the flow velocity, so as to add kinetic energy to the flow. This process is also very well understood, for example in rocket nozzle propulsion, gas dynamics, and so on.
Here we shall be concerned with adding kinetic energy and power to a flow of gas ( specifically to air) and then extracting a portion of the power increase to do useful work. The basic mass flow of gas can be supplied (1) by a vacuum motor or an air compressor ( and this leads to a first invention to be described in Section 2, or (2) by the wind or a moving vehicle ( which is the basis for a second invention to be described in Section 3).
1.4 Flow Power Amplification: Accelerating the Linear Flow of a Gas to Increase its Power
The starting point here is a basic mass flow of air. This is supplied to a fluid in several ways, for example by a "pull" or vacuum source, a "push" or compressor source, by the wind, or by the air flowing past a moving vehicle on which the flow apparatus is mounted.
Mass flow rate = ρ1 V1 A1 = ρ2 V2 A2 = dm/dt = m-dot = constant ( kg/s)
(which is the Equation of Mass Continuity ( Eq. 2) of Section 1.1 above)
The power of this basic mass flow at the source is usually low since the flow velocity initially is low. The formula for air flow power is
P = ½ x (mass flow rate ) x V2
Thus a mass flow of 0.5 kg/s at a velocity of 10 m/s has a power of P = ½ x 0.5 x 102 = 25 watts
In connection with supplying and maintaining a given mass flow, it will be well to point out that any flow of air from whatever source through an apparatus will involve the pressure difference Δp = pin – pout across the apparatus from inlet to outlet; it is this pressure difference which drives and maintains the mass flow. In the case of a vacuum pump flow source (Fig.1), the pressure difference will be that between the ambient pressure at the inlet to the apparatus and the vacuum pressure maintained at the vacuum pump. In the case of a compressor, it will be the difference between the compressor exit pressure and the ambient pressure at the apparatus flow exit port. In the case where the source of the mass flow is the wind, the pressure differences across the apparatus from entrance to exit are very much smaller, being just the dynamic or flow pressure of the air, p = 1/2 ρ V2 .
For example, a flow speed of V = 10 m/s will have a dynamic pressure of p = ½ ρ V2 = ½ x 1.2 x 102 = 60 Pascals. This is the pressure differential Δp across the apparatus from entrance port to exit port needed to maintain the flow of 10 m/s through the apparatus. Inefficiencies in the flow through the apparatus, such as turbulence and frictional losses will lower the pressure differential, flow speed, flow power and mass flow rate.
Figure 1. Linear "Pull" Flow Vacuum Motor
Also, to give a specific example, a vacuum source motor capable of delivering a pressure differential to sustain a mass flow of say, 0.074 kg/s, would typically would require a an input power of about 1700 watts to run it. However, conventional vacuum pumps are inefficient ; for example, the 1700 watts input cited would produce only 600 to 100 watts air flow power, so that the vacuum pump efficiency would only be from 35% to about 6%.
1.5 Accelerating the Basic Linear Mass Flow
This can efficiently be accomplished by passing the mass flow through a converging nozzle. The nozzle can be of various shapes, such as conical, bell- shaped, parabolic, etc., but all must be smooth walled.
Figure 2. Flow Acceleration in a converging/diverging nozzle ( De Laval Nozzle)
The appropriate mass flow equation here is, again, the Equation of Continuity of Mass
ρ1 V1 A1 = ρ2 V2 A2 = dm/dt = m-dot = constant (2)
where the subscript numerals refer to values of the density ρ, velocity V and flow duct cross-sectional area A at different cross sections along the flow path.
It is seen that Equation (5) represents the mass m of air flowing per second (dm/dt), which in SI units would be expressed as kilograms of air passing through any given area per second.
Thus, a reduced cross-sectional area A, means an increased velocity V and vice versa.. The velocity increase in a flow passing through a converging conical nozzle can thus be formulated as
V2 = V1 [A1/A2] [ ρ1/ ρ2] (3)
If the density is constant, so that ρ1 = ρ2 , then we have
and we see that the velocity increase in a converging nozzle is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area decrease. This simplifying assumption of constant density applies to air speeds of about Mach 0.3 ( 90 m/s) . Above that speed, the decrease in density with increasing velocity becomes important for compressible fluids and must be explicitly be taken into account through the isentropic relationships.
If the ratio of cross-sectional area is made large enough (that is to say, if the nozzle throat diameter is made small enough) then the throat velocity can be increased to the sonic speed (313 m/s). At this speed the flow rate ( mass flow ) cannot increase further at the given throat diameter and the flow is then said to be "choked" [ Ref. 1,2,3].
It is interesting to calculate the increase in the flow power that this acceleration to sonic speed has caused. The power of the flow is
P = ½ (m-dot) V2 = ½ (ρ V A) V2 (8)
Let us take as an example, a converging cone of inlet area 0.0198 m2 (diameter 15.9 cm); and throat area of .000998 m2 ( diameter 3.56 cm). Then, for an inlet flow of 10 m/s we have a mass flow of m-dot = (ρ V A) = 1.2 x 10 x .0198 = 0.2376 kg/s., which will be the same at inlet, throat and exit.
The power of the air flowing in at the inlet is then
P = ½ x 0.2376 x 102 = 11.9 watts.
However the power at the throat, where the velocity is now sonic or 313 m/s and has the same mass flow of 0.2376 kg/s, becomes
P = ½ x 0.2376 x 3132 = 11,639 watts
or an increase in flow power of 978 times!
Furthermore, since the process is isentropic, this all has happened without any addition of energy from the outside.
What has happened is that the internal energy of the gas itself has been lowered and has reappeared in the form of increased kinetic energy of the flow.
All that is required here is that we maintain the mass flow by maintaining the pressure differential from inlet to exit; the acceleration through the nozzle then takes place automatically. There is no input or output of outside of heat and so the process is called isentropic. Isentropic nozzle acceleration of air flow is truly an amazing phenomenon.
The natural question now is: Q. Can we extract any of this astonishing increase in flow power to do useful work? This will be answered in Sections 2 and 3.
1. Munson, Bruce, R., Donald F. Young, and Theodore H. Okiishi, Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, Wiley and Sons, New York, 1990.
2. Shapiro, Ascher, H., The Dynamics and Thermodynamics of Compressible Fluid Flow, 2 Vols., John Wiley & Sons, New York.1954.
3. R. Courant and K.O.
Friedrichs, Supersonic Flow and Shock Waves. Interscience,
Copyright Bernard A. Power, May 2011
Section Links:
Section 2: Invention No. 1: A New Isentropic Air Motor and Clean Energy Source
Section 3: To be posted in near future
Section 4: Flow Acceleration and Centrifugal Force as a Possible Cause of the Observed Temperature Rise Anomaly in the Ranque-Hilsch Vortex Tube


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Mont Tauch Cave Cooperative co-operative In Tuchan. Fitou. Languedoc. Bottling and boxing line. France. Europe.
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More than 10,000 participants expected Saturday at Bayfront Park, Miami to help fight breast cancer
Miami, Fla., October 11, 2016 – Susan G. Komen® Miami/Ft. Lauderdale is proud to host its 21st Annual Race for the Cure® presented by Bank of America on Saturday, October 15, 2016. The race raises much needed funding for local breast health education, screening, treatment and support, and for breast cancer research at a national level. The event is expected to draw more than 10,000 participants and will take place at Bayfront Park, 301 Biscayne Blvd., Miami.
On-site registration opens at 6:00 AM. The survivor procession and ceremony kick off the Race at 7:30 AM, followed by a 5K timed run at 8:45 AM, then an untimed 5K walk/run at 9:00 AM. There's also a tot run for kids ages 2-7, and entertainment all morning on the stage at Bayfront Park.
"Our Race for the Cure is entering its third decade and it continues to make a lifesaving difference for those who need it most in Miami-Dade, Broward, and Monroe Counties," said Nathalie Bruk, executive director of Susan G. Komen Miami/Ft. Lauderdale. "Susan G. Komen's goal is to reduce the number of breast cancer deaths in the U.S. by 50 percent within the next decade. Our generous participants and sponsors are helping make that goal a reality. Every step, every dollar matters," she said.
Participants can register online until 8:00 PM on Friday, October 14, 2016 at www.komenmiaftl.org or in person at the registration tent on Race Day at Bayfront Park. Information about the race is also available on the website.
Traffic, parking and transportation options
The Miami Police Department will close roads on the race route beginning Saturday at 5:00 AM. Participants who are driving should allow plenty of time for increased traffic. Parking will be available in several lots and garages, including the Bayside Marketplace Garage for $3.00 before 8:00 AM, with $1.00 of the parking fee benefiting Komen Miami/Ft. Lauderdale. Participants are also encouraged to use mass transit or schedule a ride in advance with Uber. For every new Uber rider who enters the code KOMENMIAFTL, Uber will donate $5.00 to Komen Miami/Ft. Lauderdale. Uber pickup and drop off will be at 401 Biscayne Blvd., a short walk to Bayfront Park.
The Miami/Ft. Lauderdale Race is nationally sponsored by American Airlines, Ford, New Balance, Self, and Walgreens. Local presenting sponsors are Publix/Kellogg's, South Florida Ford Dealers, CBS4 Miami, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, 101.5 LITE FM, 790 the Ticket, 104.3 the Shark, and 102.7 the Beach.
Media note: A map of the race route showing the roads that will be closed beginning at 5:00 AM Saturday, is listed below. Pre-Race or Race Day interviews with Komen executives, breast cancer survivors and Komen community grant recipients can be arranged with Komen media representative Cheryl Stopnick.
Turn by turn
- Start south on Biscayne Blvd.
- Right on Biscayne Blvd. Way
- Right on SE 3rd Avenue
- Left on SE 2nd Street
- Right on SW North River Drive
- Right on NW 5th Street
- Right on NW 3rd Court
- Left on NW 3rd Street
- Left on NE 2nd Avenue
- Right on NE 4th Street
- Right on Biscayne Blvd-Finish
Click Here to View Race Course Map
About Susan G. Komen® Miami/Ft. Lauderdale
Susan G. Komen® Miami/Ft. Lauderdale is an Affiliate of Susan G. Komen®, the world's largest breast cancer organization, which funds more breast cancer research than any other nonprofit while providing real-time help to those facing the disease. Its mission is to save lives and end breast cancer forever by empowering people, ensuring quality of care for all, and energizing science to find the cures. Seventy-five percent of Komen® Miami/Ft. Lauderdale's net proceeds stay in the area, funding grants to local hospitals and community organizations for breast cancer education, screening and treatment for uninsured, medically underserved women in Miami-Dade, Broward and Monroe Counties. Since its founding in 1999, the Affiliate has invested nearly $10 million in local programs. The remaining 25 percent of its net proceeds funds breast cancer research nationally. For more information, visit www.komenmiaftl.org and follow us at facebook.com/komenmiaftl and on Twitter at @komenmiaftl.
Media contact:
Cheryl Stopnick
For Susan G. Komen® Miami/Ft. Lauderdale
954-309-4545 (Mobile)


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I have been on a lookout for a super-zoom digital camera over the last couple of months now. Choices are rather limited in the local Malaysian online market. Nevertheless, I have narrowed my choice down to either a Nikon Coolpix or a Canon Powershot within the RM 900 to RM 1,300 range with at least 40x zoom. To be honest, I kept delaying my purchase, hoping for a big bargain to come my way one fine sunny day.
Santa Came Early
I was overjoyed when I saw the above in my Facebook news-feed on the evening of 24th August from Lazada Malaysia. The validity for this discount e-voucher is between the 25th and 28th August 2016 - no problem there - and I have to make the purchase via the Lazada mobile app running on a smartphone - no problem there either.
The best price that I could find for a Canon Powershot SX 540 HS was RM 1,360 on Lazada Malaysia. With a RM 200 discount, I only pay RM 1,160 - an almost 15% discount there, don't think I can find this bargain anywhere else online or offline.
Checkout Problems
Unfortunately I had problems; problems during my online payment via Maybank2U online banking during checkout - the login prompt did not appear, I got an error message instead.
And the worse part when I tried again: the Lazada's online system said that I have 'redeemed' my RM 200 discount e-voucher. Huh??! I can't even login to my Maybank2U account, damn it.


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Trance is actually a normal, every day state of being. When we drive our car, watch a movie, engage in a deep conversation or listen to music we are in a form of trance.
Hypnotherapy is used to enable people to enter into a dream type state, where they are in their own world. This allows us to talk to the unconscious mind, without the conscious mind getting in the way. In other words, we override what we call the "critical factor".
Here are a few facts regarding trance:


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Garbage Disposals Services
Sacramento Garbage Disposal Repair & Replacement
Install an Easy & Convenient Garbage Disposal in Sacramento
If your garbage disposal breaks down or clogs, the plumbing technicians at Beutler SM Air Conditioning and Plumbing are only a quick call away. We offer garbage disposal repairs anywhere within our service area, so don't compromise with a garbage disposal that only works half the time or not at all.
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Call us at 916-646-2222 any time of the day or night to speak with our experienced plumbers in Sacramento. We will make sure your garbage disposal is working correctly and efficiently.


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The Willson Heart Center at Valley Children's is fully integrated with a complete range of services and a success rate that measures consistently, orin many cases better than, national benchmarks of reported outcomes. Our nationally recognized cardiac specialists are known for pioneering treatments and making the most acute and complex surgeries routine. The Center's family-focused approach to bringing new techniques, comprehensive care and desired outcomes provides our Valley families the medical care they are looking for closer to home.
Learn more about our outcomes in the following areas by clicking the links below.
9300 Valley Children's Place
Madera, CA 93636-8762


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Untreated depression is the number one cause for suicide.
You are not depressed when you feel sad for a day or two; you are depressed when you experience a prolonged period of sadness that interferes with your ability to function. Depression occurs because of an imbalance of chemicals in the brain. It is an illness. And it is highly treatable.
Unfortunately, many people do not receive treatment for depression, and thus are at risk for suicide.
If you or have some of these symptoms below, please seek help immediately:
- Feeling sad for two or more weeks
- Feeling lethargic — feeling like you have no energy
- Unable to concentrate
- Sleeping too much or too little
- Eating too much or too little
- Feeling worthless
- Feeling hopeless
- Feeling helpless
- Feeling negative or pessimisstic
- Losing interest in activities that you previously enjoyed
- Crying frequently
- Withdrawing from others
- Neglecting personal appearance
- Feeling angry
- Feeling guilty
- Unable to think clearly
- Unable to make decisions
Basically, if "the blues" do not go away after two weeks, you probably have depression. And you need to get treatment. So please make an appointment with a medical doctor and a therapist so you may be properly evaluated. Many people do not think of going to a medical doctor when they are depressed, but it is an important step because there could be a physical problem beside the chemical imbalance that is causing the depression. And please get into therapy. If the therapist believes that you need medication he or she can refer you to someone.
Get help now.
Get treatment now.
Many people who have depression do not get help. So please, do the right thing and make those appointments.
Again, you may need to take medication. So, please leave that option open. People take medication all of the time for a variety of ailments, why should taking medication for depression be any different?
And please understand that when you are depressed that you affect the people around you. So get help for your loved ones as well as yourself. If you need to take medication, then you should do so. You can ask the doctor and therapist all of the questions that you can think of. And you can do your own research. You can seek a second and even a third opinion. But the bottom line is that you need to do what is necessary to get better.
You might believe that you could never become suicidal, but protracted, untreated depression will make almost anyone suicidal, including you. So take action now. If you are depressed, make those appointments immediately.
If finances are holding you back, then look for low-priced clinics in your community. Call 1-800-SUICIDE for referrals.
If you are not depressed but know someone who is, please make sure that he or she receives help. Remember that untreated depression is the number one cause for suicide, so immediate action is required.
Take action–
Force yourself to take action.
People care about you.
So please take action now.
And please read the following articles for additional information about depression.
People With Depression Cannot "Snap Out Of It"
"It's Not That Bad" is the Wrong Thing to Say to Someone Who is Depressed or Suicidal
I Think I Have Depression What Should I do?
Morbid Obesity, Depression, and Suicide
Depression Distorts Your Thinking
Depression and Dietary Supplements
Brain Images Show Different Therapies for Depression Affect Different Areas of the Brain
Treating Depression with SSRIs
Why do Antidepressants Cause Side Effects in Some People and Not in Others?
Patients on Antidepressants Need to be Monitored Very Closely During Their First Month of Treatment
What You Need to Know if Your Child or Teen May Need Antidepressants
Are Antidepressants Safe for Children? Can They Cause Suicide?
Antidepressants Help Protect Hippocampus, an Important Brain Structure
Many Pregnant Women Suffer From Depression; Few Get Treatment; A Suicide Risk
Seniors Need to Stay Active to Fight Depression
Australian Doctors Help Reduce Elderly Suicide Rate By Recognizing and Treating Depression
Vascular Depression in the Elderly; A Suicide Risk
Study Shows Brain Difference in Those With Treatment-Resistant Depression
MRI Scans May Temporarily Relieve Depression; May be Used on People Who are Suicidal


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Cold open aside, beginning your comedy with an interview with Eminem is one thing, but to have the provocative rapper casually out himself as a homosexual after questioning his perceived homophobic lyrics is on an entirely different level; the perfect level, in fact. This scene is a wickedly funny deconstruction of both celebrity and gossip-column journalism, while also establishing the appropriate level of satire for a film as unorthodox (and of course controversial) as The Interview. Sadly, this degree of wit fails to be maintained throughout the almost two-hour runtime of Seth Rogen and Evan Goldberg's 2014 release (though I use the term "release" rather loosely here), resulting in a middling comedic affair that, more often than not, feels like a missed opportunity.
Even to this day it is almost impossible to separate The Interview from the controversy surrounding its release. With its less than flattering portrayal of North Korea and its ruler Kim Jong-un, not to mention his intended assassination, the film sparked outrage from both the dictator and a group of hackers, with fears of terrorist attacks if released. This, along with numerous cinema chains choosing not to screen the film, elevated the hype to unprecedented heights, as audiences scrambled to rent or purchase the film online instead, intent on seeing what all the fuss is about.
On the one hand, this controversy led to unfairly high expectations for The Interview, but on the other, it does little to change the fact that this is a less-than-satisfying satirical comedy from one of the most talented writing/directing duos in the business.
After such a strong start, the opening half hour devolves into mostly flat jokes and a gradually plodding buildup to the North Korean trip, bolstered only by the relatable intentions of Rogen's Aaron, the leading producer on Skylark Tonight, a pseudo-journalistic show hosted by his best friend Dave Skylark (James Franco). Aaron seeks to elevate the show to more respectable heights, and after discovering that Kim Jong-un (Randall Park) is a fan of their show, take it upon themselves to organise an interview with the infamous dictator. The CIA then intervene, orchestrating an assassination on Jong-un that is to be carried out by the duo, predictably leading to several mishaps in the process.
What is the most disappointing aspect of this film is that this second act, where they arrive in North Korea, is surprisingly lacklustre. While there are some fitting observations made on the façade created for the few tourists North Korea gets, which I believe were influenced by Vice's own time there, the comedy as a whole pursues uninspired laughs with more than a slight penchant for stale, generalised Asian jokes. Filmmakers at this level need to produce better standards of comedy when offered a subject with as much potential creative opportunity as North Korea and Kim Jong-un.
One aspect which ultimately makes The Interview a mediocre comedy instead of a bad one are the performances of Rogen, Vancouver actress Diana Bang as Kim Jong-un's chief propagandist, and in particular Randall Park's performance as Jong-un himself. I have maintained an admiration for Park as a performer ever since I first saw him in ABC's Fresh Off the Boat, and here continues his upward trend as a comedy actor by reconciling the dictator's humanity with his more duplicitous and violent nature, all the while never losing sight of the comedy in his caricature.
I found Franco's Skylark, then, to be an overly bombastic, irritating character, with my own sentiments even being echoed by his real-life journalistic peers, for comic effect of course. Yet, in the final act, not only is his character redeemed to an admirable extent, but so too is the film as a whole. Dan Sterling's screenplay begins to humourously capitalise on comic foundations laid earlier in the film, while Rogen and Goldberg's chaotic-but-controlled direction is reminiscent of their work on the hilarious meta-comedy This Is the End.
In spite of being pleasantly surprised by the film's entertaining final act, it only serves as a contrastingly firm reminder of the overall disappointment that had come before, and what possibly could have been. Thankfully, neither Rogen nor Goldberg have built their careers on missed opportunities, as is showcased by their subsequently impressive work on Sausage Party, but it is not hard to lament The Interview, wishing that both they and Sterling had been that more creative in their comic endeavours with the project.


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I don't want to go back to London."
Dawn enjoyed it so much that she wrote a song about all the things she loved about the city and Japan. It's called Tokyo Daisuki – or I Love Tokyo. I hope you enjoy it:
Join a Growing Community of Travellers!
Sign up for my biweekly bulletin today, download your copy of my Guide to Amazing Adventures in Japan, receive access to my free Resource Library and Private Facebook Group.


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The Supreme Court on Thursday indicated that it would consider on November 19 the plea of the Centre for Public Interest Litigation for a thorough probe into the allegation that excess spectrum was allocated to Sunil Bharti Mittal of Bharti Airtel.
Earlier, counsel Prashant Bhushan told a Bench of Justices G.S. Singhvi and K.S. Radhakrishnan that pursuant to a court order the Central Bureau of Investigation probed the spectrum scam covering the period 2001-2007.
"The Investigating Officer found a loss of Rs 508.22 crore to the government thanks to an active role played by Mr. Sunil Bharti Mittal in connivance with the then Telecom Minister, the late Pramod Mahajan, and Shyamal Ghosh, Secretary Telecom (retired). The IO found that undue haste was shown on January 31, 2002 by the Minister and the Telecom Secretary to favour Mr. Mittal in boosting investments in his company through the IPO [Initial Public Offering], which was open [from January 28 to February 2, 2002] but did not receive encouraging response. The criterion for allocation of further spectrum was reduced from 9 lakh to 4 lakh subscribers, as only Bharti had met that lower stipulation by that time.
Accordingly, the IO rightly recommended the filing of a charge sheet against the accused including Shri Mittal.
However, the Director of Prosecution (DoP) and his junior Special Public Prosecutor have opposed the IO's report. The Director of the CBI has not taken any position on the issue of Mr. Mittal and has sought legal opinion using the excuse of 'difference of opinion'. They are under pressure not to act against Mr. Mittal, and are delaying the filing of the charge sheet, counsel alleged.
K.K. Venugopal, counsel for the CBI, said there was a difference of opinion between the two wings of the agency on filing the charge sheet against the accused named in the FIR [filed on November 17, 2011] and therefore the matter was referred to Attorney general G.E. Vahanvati.
Justice Singhvi wanted to know why the CBI was seeking the AG's opinion when the government had appointed a special public prosecutor for the 2G case.
(The FIR was filed against Mr. Shyamal Ghosh; senior DDG, DoT, J.R. Gupta; Bharti Cellular Ltd, Delhi; Vodafone Essar Ltd, Mumbai; Vodafone Essar Mobile, Delhi, and certain unknown officials of the DoT and others.)
Meanwhile, the Bench wanted the Centre to explain why it was not auctioning all spectrum vacated following the February 2 court order cancelling all 122 licences.
Justice Singhvi said: "All spectrum after the cancellation of the licences must be auctioned."
After the licences were cancelled, 514 MHz of spectrum was made available, but the government decided to auction only half of it and this was questioned in two petitions. The Bench did not stay the auction scheduled for November 12 and directed that the matter be listed for further hearing on Friday.


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Mens Diamond Band
Call for Price
STYLE: diamond style
Mens wedding band with two round diamonds, available in gold, platinum or palladium.*Prices are subject to change based on fluctuations in metal prices and currencies
Unique Settings of New York™ is proud to be one of the first GREEN jewelry manufacturers located in the United States. Known as the industry's 'Custom Jewelry Specialist,' Unique Settings helped set the industry standard in recycled metals and conflict-free stones. The company feels an extreme commitment to give something back by using only 100% recycled metals bought from earth-friendly refineries. Likewise, only Kimberley diamonds and colored gems from ethical sources are used to create their amazing Bridal and fashion pieces.
General Details:
14K White Gold, 14K Yellow Gold, 18K White Gold, Platinum & Palladium
diamond style


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Step-by -step guide on how to build RESTful APIs in NodeJS using ExpressJS and MongoDB. It covers basics such as folder structure, express generator etc.
Apps are evolving and evolving very fast, they are getting more distributed and more diverse then ever with all the new breakthrough technological wonders that we are witnessing these days. I am working my way through a typical architecture that I guess is de-facto when its comes to building scalable, rock solid web apps which can withstand considerable amounts of web traffic with modest hardware requirements, you guessed it right, I am talking about MEAN-stack, MongoDb to store information, Express.js as web framework, Angular.js for front-end with marvellous user experience and finally node.js to power app with its raw beast like performance as a platform.
This article is going to be multi part, in the first few parts, we'll just try and build a stable RESTful api using express.js + mongodb and a whole lot of magic.
What's covered in this article?
Before we get started, you might want to prepare your development machine as mentioned in this article. It's not necessary, but highly recommended as I'll be using tools mentioned in that article. But still, feel free to use what ever tools and OS you want, everything should work just fine! Depending on how you have installed node.js, you might want to use sudo while installing global packages (if you have used the script provided in the previously mentioned article to setup your development machine, then you don't have to worry, just execute commands as they are provided).
Throughout this article, I'll be providing shell scripts and commands, so it would be much easier for you to use them if your development machine is any *nix system, i.e. ubuntu, OS X etc.
Express.js is a light weight, hackable and minimalistic web framework for node.js. I don't have much to say about it right now, but I'll shed light on various beautiful aspects and techniques that express.js enables us to utilise. We are going to use the official express generator for initial scaffolding. So what are we waiting for, lets fire up a terminal and type following command.
If the above command somehow fails, make sure that you have express generator installed, use following command to do so.
Thats it, a fully working hello world style express app is ready for you to mess around with. if you execute tree command following folder structure will show up,
If tree is not installed, you can install it using,
Following is commented version,
The solution is configured to use handlebars.js as template engine. For now, don't worry about it, as we are not going to use anyway, at least not for now. I'll dedicate a whole blog for this one if and when required. For now, we are almost there, our app is scaffolded and ready to be launched, we just need to install the dependencies (packages) defined in our package.json,
Here is our package.json
This command will install all packages and its dependencies mentioned in package.json's dependencies section under node_modules folder. Ok, Now the app has everything it needs to start, so lets fire it up,
This command will execute ./bin/www script as mentioned in our package.json's scripts sections, ./bin/www is associated with command start.
We have our app up and running at http://localhost:3000 so load it up in browser and you'll see following, Hurray!!
So far, so good. Just a few more tweaks and we'll have our first api ready in no time. Lets start, first of all we'll need to stop npm start which is currently executing and serving up our app, to do so press CTRL + C to terminate, then type atom . to open up the atom editor (or any other editor of your choice). Open ./routes/users.js. Following is commented version.
This file defines routes for interacting with our users resource, to access it, let start our app, but this time we'll use a different, more smarter way to do so, type in nodemon and hit return, nodemon is a neat little tool, a very giving one - I must say. It'll just sit there for ever (until you ask it to stop by pressing CTRL+C) and keep a close watch on your file system (under current folder), as soon as it detects a change, it will re-run the app for you, because it knows you'd always want your latest changes up and running as soon as possible. Isn't it nice? It takes in all the load of re-runing your app and lets you concentrate on more important tasks, like writing awesome code. After thanking nodemon team for the awesome work they are doing, Load up your browser and visit http://localhost:3000/users you'll see respond with a resource displayed in browser. Thats what was returned from the users route we just saw. It's already a GET api; the only problem with it is that it does not respond in JSON, and as we are very much interested in writing JSON based RESTful api, we'd want to fix that. To do so just replace following line from ./routes/users.js.
Browsers are an excellent tool to see the result of countless hours of effort that we put in developing a web app, though, I personally feel that, they render worthless when it comes to see apis. You say how dare I? Well, I have my reasons, for starters, RESTful APIs are much more then just a JSON response, it consists of response headers, status codes, content type, ETag etc which are tough to see at a glance in a browser. Well not to worry, there are many tools available to the rescue, for now we'll look at curl and POSTMAN. Open up a new terminal and type,
It'll fill terminal with very valuable information on what headers were sent, what headers were return, what was the status code and finally the resource that was returned. The output looks like,
If you have python installed, you can easily print pretty JSON using following command,
Observe JSON at bottom, my my, it looks so pretty! Well, if you are not a big fan of CLI (Command line interface), then you can always use POSTMAN. Its just like fiddler but only much better.
So, I guess that's it for now, lets conclude the first part here, we just build our first Hello World api. Full source code of what we have done so far can be found here; just in case if you get stuck somewhere.
In the next part, I'll go through and explain app.js, how ./routes/uses.js was mounted at http://localhost:3000/users and more.
Hope you guys had fun! Feel free to comment below, See you in part 2.
Cheers and Happy coding!!
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MOAB is Mother of all BLACKLISTS
PREREQUISITES MikroTik Router's
For each MikroTik Router or each MikroTik CHR instance that qualifies for the service » MOAB Subscription Service will cost US $90 per year payable via PayPal. A 10 day MOAB FREE Trial Period is available for MOAB First Time Users who want to trial MOAB prior to purchasing a subscription. MOAB First Time Users must request the MOAB Free Trial Period with a Yes or No when providing your info as required below. At the end of the MOAB Free Trail Period - on the 10th day - if you wish to continue with MOAB you must make the Subscription Payment via PayPal otherwise your Trial Account will be deleted end of that day. For those First Time MOAB users the MOAB Trial Period begins on the day your MOAB account is accessed by your MikroTik Router's WAN IP Adress.
For MikroTik Router models that incorporate microSD memory card or USB memory stick or SSD drive for file storage - that file storage must have a minimum of 4GB of free memory available and must be named disk2.
Any MikroTik RouterBoard that does not provide the ability to add either a microSD memory card or USB memory stick or SSD disk for file storage will not qualify for the MOAB service. Because MikroTik NAND memory is soldered on the Routerboard its not replaceable -- MOAB writes 4,300 times over a period of 365 days which may be deleterious to the Routerboard's life span if the NAND memory becomes exhausted.
Tell us how much storage you have free on the NAND flash memory and if you using either a microSD memory card or USB memory stick or SSD drive. if you have a microSD memory card or USB memory stick or SSD Drive installed what is it's name [i.e. disk2] and how much free memory is available? Please note that if you want to use your existing microSD memory card or USB memory stick or SSD Drive for file storage you must name it disk2
Which port(s) is your WAN(s) connection tied too [i.e. ether1]? If you have more than one WAN connection and want all connections covered by MOAB what is the in-interface-list name you created for the WAN ports?
Example of what information we expect to receive from you:
- Your Name: Sam Stone
- MikroTik Router's model: RouterBOARD D52G-5HacD2HnD-TC
- Serial Number: 4EF8DA6679A5
- Full Privileged Admin Name: owner=riverdale
- File Storage used:
- NAND flash memory storage: 512MB/128MB free
- SSD storage: disk2 128MB/64MB free
- USB memory stick: disk2 8GB/5GB free
- microSD card: disk2 16GB/16GB free
- If single WAN port: ether1
If Multi-WAN in-interface-list name: lbwanip
- Free Trial Period requested: Yes/No
Once we have your information, and within 24 hours, we will provide you, via e-mail, with your files. The account info we provide you will be tied to your WAN IP Address. To Kick Start the process we will also provide you with 1 rsc files and 1 control files specific to your router model that you will need to place in your file storage area: for CHR instances the file storage area is called moab which directory is created at the root level; for all others the file storage area is called disk2 after which you will also need to import those rsc files using a Terminal session.
If you would prefer to have us install MOAB for you on your MikroTik Router via remote control session let us know and we would be happy to do that for you at an additional cost of US $60.00 - Please note that if we do the MOAB install for you we insist on a specific Firewall "input" rule order thats depicted below.
We track [and log] each account to it's IP address - your embedded account details may only be used on authorized MikroTik Routers that you declare to us - any abuse of privilege of whatsoever nature will cancel your account without further notice.
For Your Information
MOAB has two tracks, one for memory constrained MikroTik Routers and the other for all other MikroTik models. Once we know which MikroTik Router model you have we will decide if your model qualifies and which track to put you on. Both tracks cover over 615 million IP addresses of known perpetrators.
For amply provisioned MikroTik Routers the maximum download size is 3 MB or less - 3 times daily and consists
of 2 files [1 rsc file and 1 txt control file]; you can change the schedule to suit your situation.
For memory constrained MikroTik Router models that qualify - maximum download size is 0.5 MB or less - 3 times daily and consists of 2 files [1 rsc file and 1 txt control file]; you can change the schedule to suit your situation.
How does MOAB store 615+ million IP addresses you wonder? MOAB consists of ipset that store a large
number of IP(v4) addresses -- For well provisioned MikroTik Router models MOAB normally contains between 20K and 50K ipset
entries and in that mix reside 2,400+ CIDR notations - so you may wonder what do those CIDR notations
represent? CIDR notation is a compact representation of an IP address and its associated routing prefix. A
CIDR notation entry represents a large collection of IP addresses.
For Example:
- This CIDR notation 0.0.0.0/8
- contains 16,777,214 IP addresses
- This CIDR notation 220.127.116.11/16
- contains 65,534 IP addresses
- This CIDR notation 18.104.22.168/18
- contains 6,382 IP addresses
ipset is an extension to iptables that allows you to create firewall rules that match entire "sets" of addresses at once. Unlike normal iptables chains, which are stored and traversed linearly, IP sets are stored in indexed data structures, making lookups very efficient, even when dealing with large sets
If your USB drive is named disk1 you will need to rename it to disk2. Following is script to rename
/disk set 0 name=disk2
This script assumes that your file storage device # 0 is correct. To find the correct device # for the file storage device used in Terminal issue the following: /disk print
Once you complete the Kick Start Process, described above, and install the scripts you should be aware of the
following script execution sequence controlled by the scheduler:
- For memory constrained MikroTik Routers
- - thediffevent is the first script to execute followed by
- - mtiptik is the second script to execute
- For amply provisioned MikroTik Routers
- - thediffevent is the first script to execute followed by
- - fileiptik is the second script to execute
- For CHR or x86 MikroTik Routers
- - thediffevent is the first script to execute followed by
- - chrxiptik is the second script to execute
MOAB is updated 3 times each day @ 00:00:01 hours @ 08:00:00 hours @
16:00:00 hours
using Ottawa ON Canada GMT -4 when Daylight Savings Time is in effect and
using Ottawa ON Canada GMT -5 when Eastern Standard Time is in effect.
You should adjust the scheduled TIME intervals on your MikroTik Router to coincide with MOAB's GMT attribute so that it reflects your geographic location - make sure that the ordering sequence of execution does not change and that there is at least a 5 minute interval between each script launching. The Greenwich Mean Time Converter can help you to determine the correct GMT time interval to use for your location.
Following is an example assuming your location is London England using GMT +1
The math here is going from Ottawa GMT-4 to London GMT+1 provides a difference of 5 hours and we suggest adding a 10 minute interval to that so that now adds up to +5:10
The scheduled scripts that we provide you are configured with the following defaults:
thediffevent Start-Time 00:02:00 THEN you would set your Start-Time to 05:12:00
mtiptik Start-Time 00:05:00 THEN you would set your Start-Time to 05:15:00
Our MOAB scripts do not create the ONE Firewall rule needed to effect the blacklist - You must do that as
/ip firewall filter add action=drop chain=input comment="INPUT DROP MOAB Blacklist" in-interface=ether1 log-prefix="Drop Blacklist" src-address-list=blacklist
NOTE: for Multi-WAN make sure that your interface is reflective: for example if you have 2 or more interfaces assigned to multiple WAN's and you've added them to an interface list named LBwanIP then your Firewall rule will look like:
/ip firewall filter add action=drop chain=input comment="INPUT DROP MOAB Blacklist" in-interface-list=LBwanIP log-prefix="Drop Blacklist" src-address-list=blacklist
Placement and order of the Firewall rules is vitally important - improper
placement will have undesirable consequences where services and sites you expect to work will no longer function.
The only Firewall Rules for MOAB is placed in IP Firewall Filter Rules INPUT chain as shown below.
- INPUT chain Established/Related ACCEPT
- INPUT chain invalid DROP
- INPUT chain MOAB blacklist DROP
- more rules .....
If you are a cloud hosting VoIP provider please see voipTIK bellow
MOAB subscription Service Payment US $90.00 per Year
« PayPal » when you're ready to subscribe
Please note that MOAB Subscription Service Payment above
MOAB Install Service Payment below
are two sperate independent service payments.
MOAB Remote Install Service Payment US $60.00
« PayPal » when you prefer to have us install MOAB for you.
We use Google Chrome Remote Desktop extension for all remote installation services.
MOAB Remote install service is only available for
broadband capable users
minimum 100Mbps Down 10Mbps Up.
voipTIK - a VoIP Blacklist to protect your business and PBX's against
VoIP Fraud and minimize the risks of attacks on your Telephony Server - VOIP Providers wishing to subscribe to MOAB
and voipTIK as one subscription package or have voipTIK as a standalone package
» e-mail us « for Trial and Payment information.
Disclaimer: You may cancel your subscription at any time, all sales are final we do not issue refunds


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We offer our house contents clearance service in all areas of Melrose including: Glendearg Glenmayne Glenrath Glenternie Glentress Gordon
How does our house clearance service work?
- We usually just require 2-3 days notice, we like to turn up at 9am on the day of our appointment. We can clear a standard 3 bedroom house in approx 3-4 hours.
- If you are unable to be present during the house clearance we can pick keys up from solicitors, estate agents or neighbors and hand the keys back when the house has been cleared.
- We will clear everything you ask us to clear, even the food from the cupboards, we can disconnect all white goods proving they are standard connections & uplift carpets if required.
- We charge a straight fee, the fee pays for our staffs wages, our fuel and all recycling center fees, if the property has a lot of items and we can not fit everything into our van we may have to do a 2nd load which costs 50% of the fee this basically just covers the costs of the recycling center for the extra van load. The house clearance will still be completed on the same day.
Melrose transport links: Many of our house clearance customers are not familiar with the area in which the house clearance is taking place. Below you will find useful area transport information.
Travelling by Car or Motorcycle
- Head northeast on A699 toward B6453 3.1 mi
- Turn left onto B6359 1.9 mi
- Slight left 1.2 mi
- Slight left onto Chiefswood Rd 0.3 mi
- Turn right onto High Cross Ave/B6394 0.4 mi
- Location Melrose, Scottish Borders TD6, UK
Melrose train station
The closest railway station to Melrose is 26 miles away the address is
Wallyford Rail Station
41 Galt Road, Musselburgh, EH21 8DZ
0845 7484950
Melrose bus route from Galashiels
- Service 9
- Frequency – Daily
- Galashiels – Melrose
- Route – Galashiels (Transport Interchange) – Currie Road Opp Health Centre – Langlee (Middle Stop) – Asda Currie Road – Netherdale (Tweed Road) – Kingsknowes (Roundabout) – Tweedbank (Neidpath Court) – Tweedbank Rail Station – Borders General Hospital – Damick (Abbotsford Road) – Dingleton (Chiefswood Road) – Melrose (Market Square) – Melrose (Buccleuch Street)
Melrose Taxi Services
- Ace Taxi Cabs
07929 232923
- Phoenix Cabs
01896 753999
Melrose Council
Items recently donated in the Melrose area
The items below will give you a good insight into the type of items we are able to donate on a regular basis. Read more…
Note! Items of sentimental or monetary value found during house clearance are handed back to each customer.
Contents from recent Melrose house clearances in the following areas: Halidon Hill Halldean Mill Hallrule Hallyards Hallyne Harecleugh Forest


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This is an audio story, or podcast, that I wrote recorded and produced. It would be considered science fiction by most standards but all the events in the story could actually happen in the present. It takes place in a … Continue reading
Category Archives: Radio
News Radio Broadcast for East Stroudsburg University Homecoming Race
Here is a news style radio broadcast of the homecoming race 2013 at East Stroudsburg University. The interviewer is myself, Jeremiah Williams, the interviewed is Allison White a candidate in the race for homecoming queen 2013. I was asked to … Continue reading


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From Henley Beach to Glenelg and Brighton, let balmy summer nights linger at Adelaide's beach restaurants and bars.
- The Mosely Beach Club, Glenelg
The Moseley Beach Club lures crowds to the white sand and lapping waves of Adelaide's favourite city beach. Grab a cocktail and settle-in for the day on premium sun beds or fully-serviced lounges. Casual dining is available as well as a bar, with live music and DJs providing the perfect summer soundtrack.
- Seasalt, Henley Beach
Perched overlooking beautiful Henley Beach, SeaSalt plates-up mouth-watering South Australian seafood. Designed by Studio Gram (the team behind Adelaide's legendary Osteria Oggi and Shobosho), SeaSalt's décor is one of its biggest drawcards. Sip local wine and dig into classic seafood favourites under the shade of retro-inspired striped umbrellas.
- Stella Restaurant, Henley Beach
With incredible ocean views, there are few better places in Adelaide to take-in South Australia's iconic summer sunsets. Located right on the beach at Henley Square, Stella is famous for its eclectic menu, featuring a wide range of dishes, made from the best local and imported Italian ingredients.
- Hortas Restaurant and café, Port Noarlunga
Locals rave about the Portuguese tapas menu at Hortas Restaurant and Café. Set on the sunbathed shore of Port Noarlunga, the Portuguese and Mediterranean-inspired dishes are best enjoyed watching the summer sun set from the balcony, with a glass of McLaren Vale wine in-hand.
- Star of Greece, Port Noarlunga
South Australian foodie royalty, Star of Greece restaurant pairs unsurpassable food and wine in naturally stunning surrounds. Dig in to succulent seafood, overlooking towering cliffs, and take in the iconic views of Port Willunga's Gulf St Vincent.
- Melt, Henley Beach
Located at one of Adelaide's exceptional west-facing beaches, Melt, Henley Beach, teams bright and airy décor with the surf and sand. The pizza menu is as extensive as it is impressive, offering gourmet toppings from Spanish meatballs to scallop and truffle.
- West Bar, Henley Beach(main photo)
Above Melt, in the same booming beach shack, West Bar concocts a colourful range of cocktails from a beautiful walnut timber bar. Grab a glass of South Australian wine and stroll down the bar's terrace, linking the indoor bar to a stunning outdoor seating area.
- Bacchus Bar, Henley Beach
A few steps away from the beach, Bacchus Bar is one of Adelaide's most popular beachside hangouts. Mixing-up fruity cocktails with an extensive lunch and dinner menu, chill out with live music and DJs on summer weekends, soaking-up Henley's buzzing atmosphere.
- Chicco Palms, Henley Beach
Chicco Palms is a California-inspired pizza shop, pairing Italo-American classics with neon-splashed, retro décor. Enjoy pizza, pasta, traditional sweets and antipasto share plates washed down with Italian and South Australian wine.


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On average, a household of four throws away $1,500 worth of food every year. You know how it goes: An avocado gets lost in the back of the fridge, the berries start to mold faster than you thought they would, the bananas rot at the bottom of the fruit basket…. You feel bad about not using that stuff sooner, throw it away, and hope to do better next time. But it adds up. If that $1,500 per family didn't scare you, think about what that means on the national level: Americans throw away about 40% of our entire food supply. That's $162 billion in resources we're literally throwing in the trash. A little awareness goes a long way. In fact, even more than eating healthy, reducing our waste has been my #1 mission this year. Here are 10 ways to reduce food waste in your household and save that $1,500!
1. Plan your meals around what you already have.
Before you go shopping, take a look at what you already have and look up recipes you can make to get rid of it. Plan what your family will eat for the week and make a shopping list of the things you need. Prioritizing getting rid of what you have will ensure fewer things go to waste… and sticking to your list will ensure you don't buy more than your family needs.
2. Take advantage of frozen fruit and vegetables.
Because they're preserved close to harvest, frozen fruits and vegetables often have more nutrients than fresh ones that have been sitting in warehouses and grocery stores for days. And they'll keep longer! If you have a habit of throwing out things like broccoli, berries, and Brussels sprouts, try switching to frozen ones.
3. Batch cook and freeze your meals.
Setting aside some time on the weekend to cook all your meals not only guarantees you'll have healthy food all week, but gets all the ingredients cooked right away. Portion your meals out into airtight containers and keep them in the freezer until the day before you're ready to eat them. No more throwing out leftovers!
4. Store food properly.
Taking a few extra minutes after a grocery run to properly store your food will keep it fresh far longer than just tossing it all in the fridge. Herbs and chives should be stored like cut flowers, in a jar with a little bit of water. Potatoes and onions should be stored in a cool, dry, dark pantry. Lettuce should be washed and dried, then stored in a microperforated bag in the fridge.
5. Buy ugly food.
If you're making applesauce, it doesn't really matter how pretty your apples are. A few cuts and bruises will be just fine. If you don't buy the fruits and vegetables everyone else avoids, the store will just throw them in the trash.
6. Most expiration dates are just a guideline.
"Sell by" dates are completely meaningless to consumers. "Best by" and "use by" (and variations thereof) are how long the brand stands by its product's quality. Food will spoil sooner if it's left in warm temperatures and can last longer if it's properly stored. So just because the "best by" date has passed doesn't mean you need to throw that food away. Use your eyes and nose to determine if it's still safe.
7. Got kids? Inspect their lunchboxes.
Find out what your kids are and aren't eating in their packed lunches and ask them why a certain something went to waste. Maybe you've been giving them too much food or maybe they just can't stand carrots. Work together to find the perfect balance of foods to keep their lunch out of the trash.
8. Revive your wilted greens.
Soak wilted veggies in ice water for 5-10 minutes to liven them back up. Limp carrots, broccoli, lettuce, and celery will crisp right up. And if that doesn't work, you can still use them in a soup or stir-fry.
9. Use every scrap.
Use bones and other bits off your meat to make broth. Onion and garlic skins and peels can go in there, too, along with any pieces of carrots and celery you don't use. Put strawberry tops in green smoothies. Bruised apples, pears, and peaches make great applesauce. Use overripe bananas in banana bread for your neighbors or coworkers. And if you can, compost the rest instead of throwing it away–a lot of cities have composting centers where you can take your food scraps.
10. Freeze what you don't use before it goes bad.
Most meat and seafood can be safely frozen straight out of the grocery bag. Most fruits and vegetables benefit from being blanched first. Wash them, plop them in a pot of boiling water until bright, then cool in ice water and dry before freezing. Bananas can be frozen by peeling and slicing first. All of these things can be used in dishes later–it's better than throwing them in the trash now!
Looking for AIP-Friendly Breakfast Recipes?
What to eat for breakfast is one of the most common questions I get from people starting the autoimmune protocol. I understand completely: With all my old staples off the table, breakfast was my biggest challenge, too. Well, now there's an easy answer. 85 Amazing AIP Breakfasts is a community e-cookbook featuring dozens of breakfast-friendly autoimmune protocol recipes from some of your favorite bloggers. With coffee substitutes, comforting teas, sausage, waffles, stir-fries, soups, hash, muffins, and porridge, 85 Amazing AIP Breakfasts has just about every one of your breakfast needs covered, sweet and savory alike. Many of the recipes can even be adapted for a low-FODMAP diet! The e-cookbook is available on editor Eileen Laird's website.


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Sour cherries are still in season so we can enjoy their abundance and make cherry pies and cakes, pancakes or preserves.
Raw or cooked cherries not only taste fantastic, but also are an excellent source of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds and offer multiple health benefits. The regular consumption of cherries is proven to reduce serious conditions such as gout, fibromyalgia, arthritis, or muscle-related sports injuries. They also contain fiber, Vitamin C and potassium good for the heart and blood pressure. The sour cherry juice helps with insomnia aand may promote brain health.
A few words on tart cherry history: it extends back to the Caspian Sea where they were cultivated by early Persians and brought back to Greece. When the Romans invaded Greece, they discovered the sour cherry, and brought them to Western Europe and Britain. Today, sour cherries remain popular in Iranian cuisine, and often the best place to find fresh sour cherries is in Persian and Middle Eastern groceries.
The cake, in this version gluten free – made with a combination of almond meal and oat flour, is very easy, quick to make and always comes out delicious. When the cherry season is over, you can replace cherries with blueberries or a combination of blueberries and red currants. The result will be equally mouthwatering!
- 1 cup almond meal
- 1 cup organic oat flour
- 4 eggs
- 1½ sticks of butter, preferably European brand, cut in small pieces and softened
- 3/4 cup organic sugar
- 1½ pounds of sour cherries, pitted
- 2 tsp vanilla extract
- 1 packet Alsa baking powder
- 1 tsp baking powder
- pinch of salt
Note: I used one pink pack of Alsa baking powder, known in France as levure chimique or levure alsacienne. Unlike most American brands, Alsa is single-acting, which means it creates the gas needed for leavening as soon as it is mixed with liquid ingredients. If this ingredient is not available, you can use 4 flat tsp regular baking powder instead.
Lightly butter the spring form pan. In a medium bowl, with an electric beater beat 4 eggs with sugar for about 4-5 minutes, until thick and fluffy. Add vanilla and stir well until fully incorporated.
In a small bowl mix both flours, salt, Alsa baking powder and regular baking powder. Add half of the flour mixture to the beaten eggs stirring it with a whisk, until it's smooth and uniform. With a spoon, add half of the softened butter cut into small pieces and stir well again. Add the remaining flour and butter to the dough. Stir until all ingredients are well combined.
Tart cherries are quite juicy and when used raw will make the cake too moist. I prefer to first lightly cook them for a few minutes to let them secrete some of their juice. Place pitted sour cherries in a medium pot and heat up for about 3-4 minutes frequently stirring. At the end of this process the cherries should still keep their shape and firmness. Don't overcook. You can reserve the juice and use it for another purpose.


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CC: @official2baba #Amplifier (music, 2baba, amplifier, mp3, download)
2Baba returns with a brand new single titled "Amplifier", Download and dance! amplifier is a follow up tune to Hold my hand , you can be assured 2Baba never disappoints and Trust amplifier is a jam. DJ's get your hands on deck
Enjoy this viBe!!!