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Wait, no, that's not right. Let me think harder.
OH I REMEMBER, that's right, there was no grand opening of a Space Elevator! They must have canceled it at the last minute. Right?
Wait no, let me try one more time: People sometimes talk about a space elevator, but it has not been built, or even been in the news at all! That's right. I knew it was something like that. Which is weird, because this comic might be funny if there were a space elevator, not just some astronerds talking about one, or if it had at least been in the news in some way recently. Has it? I sure didn't see it.
So let's examine this comic within the context of, you know, reality. This is just "Hey, if there were a space elevator, you could cut it with scissors! maybe!" Which may or may not be true, I don't really care. The point is, yes, if it were possible, then it would be possible. If we built a giant Space Cannon that shot astronauts to Mars mario-64 style, then yes, you could fill it with marshmallows as well and have them get toasted in the atmosphere before landing far away. If such a thing existed. Which it does not.
Oh I guess also it's a poem; that's nice (though I didn't notice it at first, even with the obvious "put the rhyming words on the other side of the space elevator from the other words") but I don't really care. I also don't care that the title has a pun on "shear," because that is not nearly clever enough to justify the rest of the comic.
The End.
oh not the end: fanservice, space nerds. end.


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+ Add kit to stash (beta) + Add new Blog/Work in Progress + Request instruction + Upload new instruction
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Merkury 1949
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The Whitman research topics database includes Whitman School faculty members and senior administrators. Use the database to identify faculty members with expertise in a wide range of business areas. Search by using business practice terms (i.e. human resources), department names (i.e. finance), or name of a particular individual. Once you have found a person, or persons, with whom you would like to speak, please forward your request to Kerri D. Howell, director of communications and media relations, at firstname.lastname@example.com.
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text: 1921 - 2012 LeRoy Neiman was born in St. Paul, Minnesota, and studied at the Art Institute of Chicago, De Paul University, and the University of Illinois. He taught at the Art Institute of Chicago's school for ten years. Neiman moved to New York City in 1963 when he had his first one-man show at the Hammer Gallery. Since then he has continued to portray the people and events of the world he knows best, or which intrigue him most. His best-known works are sports scenes, a reflection, he believes, of the fact that sports are universally a dominant force. He was the official artist for ABC-TV at the Olympic Games in 1972 and 1976, and at the Winter Olympics of 1980. Neiman's work has been exhibited in galleries and museums throughout the world, including the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., and the Hermitage in Leningrad. Some people will pronouce his name wrong and spell it Nieman,but we know who they are talking about.


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Volleyball became an Olympic sport in 1964 but didn't come into its own in the U.S. until Karch Kiraly drove the American team to gold medals in 1984 and 1988. Even then, it had a narrower appeal than marquee sports such as swimming and track. Has volleyball finally arrived as an Olympic sport? If not, when will it have emerged from the margins? One answer came from Paul Sunderland, a member of the 1984 U.S. team:
"It won't have arrived until the people who see us in an airport stop asking us what basketball team we play for."
As quoted by Dave Anderson in The Story of the Olympics (Morrow Junior Books, 1996), with a foreword by Carol Lewis. Written by a Pulitzer Prize–winning sportswriter for the New York Times, this excellent introduction to the Olympics for ages 9 and up came out in a revised an expanded edition from HarperCollins in 2000, shown at left.
[During the Olympics, One-Minute Book Reviews will post occasional quotes from books that give context to the sports taking center stage in Beijing. These quotes will appear in addition to the usual reviews.]
© 2008 Janice Harayda. All rights reserved.


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Often times, buying Into The Forest tickets is difficult, but with our easy to use website and an abundance of information, it's simple at Vividseats.com. If you still have questions about Into The Forest, our knowledgeable and courteous staff can and will help. When you buy Into The Forest tickets, feel confident that your credit card information will be safe and secure. We will oversee the entire Into The Forest transaction from the time you purchase until you get your tickets, so if there are any last minute questions, you only have one number to call, 866.848.8499. Enjoy your purchasing experience and your show when you buy your Into The Forest tickets at VividSeats.com.


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Jolt Awards: Coding Tools, February 06, 2013 The best IDEs and coding tools of the past year
Finalist: ActiveState Stackato 2.4
Remember when having your business solutions in "The Cloud" was the solution for everything? Well, it hasn't quite worked out as fast as many people hoped; adoption by businesses especially for development on external clouds has been slow. But a new solution is Stackato from ActiveState, the well-known vendor of dynamic language IDEs and tools. Stackato enables companies and individuals to deploy private, Platform as a Service (PaaS) capabilities. ActiveState built Stackato on the Cloud Foundry PaaS from VMWare. It supports two versions: Stackato Micro Cloud, a free product available in four virtual machine packages, and Stackato Enterprise. The enhancements to Cloud Foundry made by ActiveState are impressive: multiple additional languages (ASP.NET, Clojure, Go, Java, Node.js, Perl, PHP, Python, and Ruby), Virtual Appliance deployment, a Management Console to fill that missing feature in Cloud Foundry, and more. Momentum for Stackato is building: Last month, HP announced its own PaaS offering built on Stackato. Scalability is an obvious need for a cloud offering and Stackato adroitly opens the path for a company to start with a Micro Cloud installation and cluster additional instances. Stackato will auto-configure each clustered instance, and you can manage the clustering through Stackato's centralized cluster administration. What's not to like here?
Gary Evans


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Premium vitalshok from the world leader in premium ammunition comes vitalshok your best option for medium to large game. You spend all year dreaming of the moment of truth, so why trust that moment to anything less. Vitalshok is available in the world's finest big game bullets, from the unrivaled Speer trophy bonded bear claw and nosler's latest offerings to Sierra and Barnes match that with world class brass, select powders and legendary primers and you get unmatched premium performance.
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Attachment 1452
Photo credit: AP | Television celebrity Ryan Seacrest, left, and Microsoft chief executive Steve Ballmer listen during a demonstration of Windows 8 at the 2012 International Consumer Electronics Show earlier this year in Las Vegas. (Jan. 9, 2012)
I've made a lot of computer blunders over the years. The biggest was taking a perfectly well-functioning Sony Vaio and upgrading it from Windows XP to Windows Vista, which left it so crash-prone as to be all but useless.
So please believe me when I offer this word of advice on installing Microsoft's shiny new Windows 8 operating system: Don't.
Windows 8 is far from the disaster Vista was. But unless you have a very recent personal computer with a touch screen, there are few benefits -- and some significant drawbacks in terms of learning curve and usability -- to upgrading from Windows 7.
Microsoft is doing its best to make the process attractive. Buyers of Windows 7 PCs between June 2, 2012, and Jan. 31, 2013, can upgrade for $15, while owners of older computers can download a copy from Microsoft's online store for $40.
I decided to go old school, buying the traditional boxed DVD of Windows 8 Pro at the neighborhood Staples for $70. My guinea-pig machine was one I use specifically for testing software and services, a three-year-old Hewlett-Packard Pavilion desktop purchased at Costco -- just the sort of thing many families might have at home.
I began the upgrade at 9:45 a.m. and finished it an hour and 37 minutes later, not counting another 15 minutes or so spent solving a couple of lingering issues. The process wasn't entirely smooth.
Most of the time was spent staring at the screen, which was populated by various all-but-indistinguishable status updates: "getting devices ready," "getting ready," "while we're getting things ready," and finally, more than an hour into the process, "we're getting your PC ready." Wait, what have you been doing up to now? The final message was accompanied by "this will take a few minutes." No kidding.
Theoretically, I could have just started the process and walked away. But as it turned out, that would have been a mistake.
Shortly after I began, the installer mysteriously quit and returned me to the Windows 7 desktop with no explanation. I restarted the process, which at least picked up where it had left off.
Then, more than an hour into the effort, the Pavilion's hardware-diagnostic program prevented a required restart of Windows until I manually intervened. Had I not been sitting in front of the screen monitoring developments, it would have taken even longer before I was up and running.
Finally, upgrade complete, I rebooted into the new Windows 8 Start screen. I was greeted with its colorful tiles -- and an error message that read ".Net 3.5 Client Profile Runtime has stopped working." When I tried to summon Microsoft's online help service for a solution, I discovered my PC no longer had Internet access, thanks to an incompatibility with the version of Symantec's Norton Firewall software I was using. (Most of my other existing programs, though, seemed to run fine with the new operating system.) Once I sorted out those issues, I noticed an immediate benefit. Prior to the upgrade, it took the Pavilion about two minutes to boot from a cold start. Windows 8, though, was much faster: about 50 seconds.
The upgrade also gave me tiles to access Microsoft's new Xbox Music service and a not-yet-very-populated app store for programs written for the new interface.
The other Start-screen tiles were filled with self-updating information from my social networks, calendar and other applications. While I was able to navigate through them using the mouse, it's clear the interface is really aimed at users with touch screens.
Those are likely to be standard equipment on most new Windows PCs, including the new Windows tablets from manufacturers including, for the first time, Microsoft itself. But the millions of individuals and businesses with older, mouse-driven systems -- and even many with laptops that have a touchpad but no touch screen -- may find themselves needing to memorize keyboard shortcuts for many common tasks, a throwback to earlier days of computing.
While there's still a Windows 7-like desktop, it's been demoted: You launch it from one of the tiles on the Start screen. And missing from the desktop is the familiar button that would allow you to shut down or restart the PC. Instead, you're expected to summon what Microsoft calls "charms" -- a set of buttons running down the side of the screen -- choose Settings and power down from there.
That's fine for touch screens and for Windows tablets, which -- like Apple's iPad -- you shouldn't have to power down or reboot very often. But it's clumsy for users of more traditional PCs, who will have to learn just where to move the cursor on the screen to bring up the charms.
Further, there's no option to boot directly into the desktop environment, or restore the Start menu. And, adding to the sense of schizophrenia, Windows 8 has two separate versions of the Internet Explorer web browser, one written in the new style, the other a more traditional one that shows up when you're working on the desktop.
For buyers of new computers, Windows 8 will be inescapable, and may make sense for the new generation of hardware it's spawning. But if you don't already have something close to the latest and greatest PC and you're reasonably happy with Windows 7, my guidance is simple: Skip it.
Article Source: newyork.newsday.com


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As I write this, I am gobbling down the best thrown-together dinner that I've made in a long long time. I just had to get it down on paper before it went the way of many of my other creations scrambled together in a hunger-induced frenzy. No pictures tonight because there's no natural light and I've got to get packing for Thanksgiving.
After walking in the door, I had a glass of wine in my hand before I even set my keys down on my table. Keys down, I grabbed a Diet Coke too. I had swiss chard in the fridge and nothing on my mind other than the need to feed my hungry belly.
Hold, on. I need to go get seconds.
I trolled around the web and turned to some tried and true sites because I didn't have the time or patience to get creative. I found a recipe for sautéed swiss chard and one for spaghetti and swiss chard. With enough inspiration I set to work.
I rough chopped a big bunch of chard and swirled it in a huge bowl of water a few times, rinsing until the water ran clear. I sautéed a chopped onion and a heaping tablespoon of garlic (right from the jar…classy, no?) in a tablespoon or so of olive oil. I put a pot of water on to boil. I cut the red stems from the leaves and threw them (the stems) in with the onion and garlic. I added a few tablespoons of the soon-to-be pasta water, covered the pan with my cutting board, and let it cook until the pot of water behind it started to boil. I threw a big pinch of salt into the water and added 3 handfuls of macaroni. I removed my cutting board cover from the pan, added the chard leaves to the stems and sprinkled on a few more tablespoons of the now pasta water. I covered the chard again. I checked my email. Nothing from my boss. That's good. Two more minutes to go on the pasta and the chard is nice and wilted. I threw it in the same bowl I had washed it in, added salt and pepper and a few tablespoons of crumbled feta and stirred. As it melted, the feta turned pink from the red stems. My pasta timer went off. I poured the macaroni into a strainer and then straight into the bowl of chard. A few slices of butter, a final stir, and dinner was ready.
Wow. My quickest post ever. 46 minutes flat.
The best part – I have lunch for tomorrow.


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Christmas Cards - Twelve Days - Trees - Robins - Traditional
Choose from our wonderful range of Christmas cards, whether you like stylish contemporary and modern cards, traditional and religious cards, or amusing cards with cats wearing hats. Sending British Heart Foundation Christmas cards is the perfect way to show your friends and family that you support our life saving research. All of our Christmas cards are glitter free. Our cards are no longer available to purchase online, however are available to purchase in our high street shops.


text:
Ean13 Product Barcodes Explained in Detail With Restrictions Standards and Dimensions
Learn How to Prepare An Ean-13 Barcode (product Barcode For European Standards) to Place On Your Products. Read More to Learn All The Facts You Need to Know About Ean-13 Barcodes
This article has especially been written for packaging designers who want to know how to use barcodes in their designs. Information is provided regarding how to get barcodes, how to align barcodes, and scaling barcodes are given together with barcode sizes and dimensions.First things first; you will need a barcode number (which you get from your trade association), and then you can generate barcodes based on these numbers. You will be mostly assigned a range. So how to generate barcodes: There are many online barcode generators available today that you could use to generate your barcodes. For a barcode generator, simply search "barcode generator" oline in your search engine. Remember that there are many free ones, in case you come up with software.It is suggested that you generate a transparent PNG or EPS version of the barcodes rather than JPEG to put in your artwork. Make sure that your barcode image is high-resolution as the printing is usually made in high-resolution.EAN 13 barcode size is 37.29 x 25.93 mm including the enclosing required white spaces (but not on top: see the figure). This size can be made bigger and smaller, for automated reading, you should use 200% magnification, and for most products you should use standard dimensions. The table on top shows several sizes and dimensions you could use, calculated for you. Smallest EAN13 barcode size: If you read the general guidelines regarding the barcodes, you will see that the smallest size permitted by most of the standards is: 18.28 mm however you will notice that many barcodes are shorter than that, these non-standard barcodes usually work and 10 mm is seen in many products and the minimum size for ean 13 barcodes is 8.5 mm height. It is your own risk to make barcodes smaller than 18.28 mm which is the 80% magnification of the original size. Reduction of the barcode height below the 80% (such as 80% SX) might result your exclusion from some retail shops, therefore it is best not to use them unless absolutely not necessary.Barcode Color : There are several barcode color standards that you need to obey, the barcodes are usually scanned by infrared light, therefore the allowed backgrounds are a range of red to yellow (which do not contain any black), and the front colors can be: green, blue or black, or very dark brown.Material printed on barcode - the substrate should not be high gloss, transparent or semi transparent background. If you are printing on reflective surface, it is best to make the barcode bigger than the standard size. Alternatively you could make the background less reflective by putting some color.Barcode Alignment: Where to put the barcode in a packaging is important and has some restrictions, in principle, barcodes should be places in non-deforming flat surfaces so that they could be easily read, for bottles, which are all round this means the placement should be vertical. In most cases the direction of the barcode should generally be flat and run horizontally.Multiple barcodes: It is important to note that in some cases you might need more than 1 barcode, especially for propackaging. There are also height restrictions available for large-sized packages, consult to the barcoding agency or a packaging company. If you have propackaging or multipacking (package of package) it is important to seal the barcodes within the packages; i.e. if for example you are shrinkpacking a pack of pet bottles, you do not want the scanner to read the barcode on a single label but on the main packaging itself, so remember to conceal them. Obscuring Patterns could also be used on the products.Please remember to also place barcodes at a visible location: barcodes should be easily spotted by the operator. Mostly the preferred location is on the lower right quadrant of the back, near the edge, respecting the proper Quiet Zones and the edge rule.Glossary of some barcode related concepts are as follows:Quiet Zone : A clear space which precedes the Start Character of a bar code and follows the Stop Character. Formerly referred to as "Clear Area" or "Light Margin." Quiet Zone Indicator : A greater than (>) or less than (<) character, printed in the human readable field of the bar code, with the tip aligned with the outer edge of the Quiet Zone.Barcode Total Width: This is the total width of the barcode, for ean13 barcodes, at 100% it is 37,79, for the most acceptable smallest size it is 29,83 mm.Barcode Total Height: This is the total height of the barcode, for ean13 barcodes, the standard dimension is 25.93 mm.A barcode is a machine readable graphic consisting of a number of bars with varying spaces and widths. After they are scanned by infra-red scanners, a unique number is read by the computer, which provides information about the contents of the product by querying a database. This allows automated and swift identification of information.EAN is European Article Number. EAN-13 is the 13 digit barcode number that most of the products in European market use. Your pro packaging might be using CODE39, QR CODE or ITF Codes to give more information regarding the manufacturer, supplier, box quantity, product details etc.Disclaimer: Please consult to a packaging professional in case you are not sure about how to do it correctly; information provided here cannot replace expert comments - this article is meant to be a beginners guide to barcodes for graphics and packaging designers.Exerpt:This article has especially been written for packaging designers who want to know how to use barcodes in their designs. Information is provided regarding how to get barcodes, how to align barcodes, and scaling barcodes are given together with barcode sizes and dimensions.First things first; you will need a barcode number (which you get from your trade association), and then you can generate barcodes based on these numbers. You will be mostly assigned a range. So how to generate barcodes: There a..
Ean13 Product Barcodes Explained in Detail With Restrictions Standards and Dimensions Images:
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Grace's first day of Montessori preschool, 1997.
Last summer, my 19-year-old daughter was getting ready to move into her first apartment. I was excited for her to have the chance to live on her own and had been setting aside household items that I thought she could use. One day, after admiring the "steal" of a chair I had found at Goodwill, she asked me, "Aren't you sad that I won't live here anymore?"
"Well, honey," I said, "I always imagined that you would grow up and move out of the house. That was our goal all along for you to be an independent, self-sufficient person."
"I know," she said. "But I'm kind of sad that I won't be sleeping here anymore."
I reminded her that she had hardly slept at home at all since she started college last year. She lived in the dorm, four hours away from home and we often didn't hear from her for days.
"Yeah, but this is different. I just can't believe this won't be my home address anymore. Are you going to change the garage door code?"
A-ha! Then I figured it out. She was worried about cutting the cord from the house where she grew up. I had been concerning myself with making sure she was comfortable "out there" and she was worried she would no longer be welcome back at home.
It occurred to me that not much has changed between that day and the day sixteen years ago when we were preparing to send her to preschool here at the Montessori School of Greater Lafayette. Back then we were so excited to help our "baby" pick out a new lunch box and indoor shoes but we had little idea what to do to help prepare her (or ourselves) emotionally for this new chapter. She sailed through preschool and is now working through nursing school just fine, but we have learned a lot since then. Today I am sharing some tips and advice gathered from teachers and parents here at MSGL to help you and your child prepare for the first days of preschool.
Talk about school - mindfully.
Talk with your child about preschool when he is in the mood. Maybe he will bring it up or you can start the conversation, just don't push too hard. If your child seems "done" with the conversation or is becoming anxious, let the topic drop until later. And be honest about your feelings when you do talk about school. Some children worry that their parents will be sad or lonely when they are gone. When you say, "I am going to miss being with you in the morning, but it makes me happy to know you will be enjoying yourself at school," it lets him know that you will miss him but you are confident that school is a good place for him to be.
Check out the new environment.
MSGL's Parent Work Day is Saturday, August 16th. This is a great time to get familiar with the school and classroom environments and to be part of the school community. Children are encouraged to help clean lockers, pull weeds, and load and unload wheelbarrows full of mulch right alongside their parents and new classmates. And, each family member's time counts towards your volunteer hours requirement.
You will have another opportunity to get familiar with the school when your child attends her New Student Orientation visit on Monday, August 18th. This is her first opportunity to see her teachers and classmates in her new classroom. She can put her indoor shoes in her locker, locate her cubby and extra clothes box, and see where the bathroom is. The whole family can attend the Parent Orientation later that evening and maybe your child can give a tour of her new classroom.
Make new friends.
You will receive a class list via email in August. Consider contacting a few families on the list to set up a playdate before school starts. Even if you can't get together with any other families, you and your child can look over the names on the list together. You may discover that one of his classmates lives on your street or maybe someone has the same name as a sibling or a friend.
Help her dress for success.
Our Montessori classrooms are prepared to encourage your child's independence and you can help by providing your child with shoes and clothing that she can put on and take off by herself. Belts, suspenders, and jumpsuits look smart but they can be difficult for your child to use successfully. Provide your child a choice of clothing that allows her complete independence in her self-care routines. And please remember that preschool is a time to jump in and explore. Paint, snack, sand, and dirt from the garden can stain your child's clothing, so please send her to school in clothes that can stand to get dirty.
Plan a morning routine.
Now is a good time to do a mental run-through of your morning routine. Consider how much time your child needs to wake up, get dressed, and eat breakfast. Allow time for packing lunches, finding coats and shoes, and getting on the bike or in the car. Then add a few extra minutes. Parents and children who are not in a rush tend to have much better experiences at drop-off. Some families even do a few "practice runs" in the summer to see if they can get to school and work on time.
Create a goodbye routine.
Discuss with your child how you each want to say goodbye at drop-off. Some families say, "After you put on your inside shoes and put away your lunch box, we will walk to the classroom and I will give you three hugs and two kisses before I go to work." Some children like to wave to dad out the window and some parents leave their children with specific plans for what they will do after school. "Sonia is picking you up today" or "we are going to the Farmer's Market on our bikes after school today." Children have so little control over their daily lives that they appreciate at least knowing what is happening and when.
And while we're talking about goodbyes, let's take just a moment to consider the specter of separation anxiety.
What if my child cries when I walk away?
Separating from your child that first time can be heart-breaking, but remember - it's only for a few moments. The majority of children who are sad when they separate from their parents are able to calm themselves and choose an activity within a few minutes. If you have gone through the goodbye routine and are finding it hard to turn around and walk away, ask your teacher for help. Sometimes parents say, "Please help me. I need to leave." That is the teacher's sign that she needs to hold your child's hand or pick her up so that you can walk away. Teachers don't want to step in before you are ready to go but they are happy to help when you ask them.
The best thing you can do for your child at drop-off is to be consistent and walk away when you say you will. Lingering tends to just prolong the heartache for the parent and the child. The first few times you drop your child off may be difficult, but trust that with consistent repetition you and your child will develop a peaceful good-bye routine.
Talk with the teachers.
Talk with your child's teachers about how the adjustment period is going. The teachers help dozens of children adjust to school every year but this may be your first time. They expect you will have questions and concerns. Email is a great way to communicate with your child's teachers and all of the contact information is available on the classroom web page at Msgl.org.
Help your child talk about his day.
If this is the first time your child has been away from home you will no doubt be very eager to know what he did all day. Unfortunately, preschoolers often say they "did nothing" or "just played." A lot of things happened between the time you dropped him off that morning and when you picked him up several hours later, but he might not yet be able to give a sequential list of his activities. Here are some ideas to help your child tell you about his day.
Take care of yourself!
The best thing you can do during these last few weeks of summer is to give you and your child the gift of a regular bedtime that allows enough sleep to wake up refreshed and ready for the big days ahead. Fill up with a good breakfast each morning and be extra patient with your child and especially with yourself. Parenting preschoolers, like college students, is hard work and there is no right way to do it. Follow your heart and follow your child, and in sixteen years, or so, you will be very proud of the people you have both become.
Families are drawn to Montessori schools for many different reasons. Sometimes parents are looking to continue in preschool the child-centered environment they have established at home. Others wish to see their children thrive in the our enriched classrooms. Still, other families choose Montessori preschools because they want their children to learn and socialize in a non-competitive environment. Whatever the reason parents choose Montessori, they often have many questions during their child's first year.
To help answer these questions, MSGL offers a 1 ½-hour Montessori Basics class each Fall and all new families are expected to attend. Preprimary teacher Kelly Sallee presented this year's class on September 25th to a packed house of over 40 parents and grandparents. Kelly focused her presentation on the Prepared Environment, the Sensitive Periods of a child's development, and the Role of the Teacher. If you were unable to attend this year's Basics, follow this link to read more about Kelly's presentation. Below are a few tips for new parents.
Kelly's Tips for New Montessori Parents
Do your best to control the environment, not the child. Organize the child's belongings to help him be independent and successful.
Don't worry if your child is unable to sit still or to focus for long periods. "Even when we feel they're not listening, they are learning."
What's in your child's cubby does not necessarily reflect their work because many activities have no "paper" component. Look at classroom photos and videos on SmugMug to see what the children are working on in class. Your child's teacher will also have this information available for you at parent/teacher conferences.
Give your child the gift of time. Try not to rush her through tasks. When a child is allowed to dress herself in the morning it may take longer but she will develop the skills necessary for independence.
Allow your child to work without interruption, when possible. Periods of uninterrupted work strengthen a child's ability to concentrate for longer periods of time.
Allow your child to complete tasks without correction. "I don't know any adults who walk around with their shoes on the wrong feet. They will figure it out with time."
Give your child the opportunity to be a third-year student. Our mixed-age classrooms allow children to move from being the youngest who look up to role models to being the role models themselves. "Children who are the youngest in their families need the third year to be the leader that they don't get to be at home."


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This meal ticket was passed down to me in an envelope containing a letter informing my grandfather's family that he was missing in action. It was dated 22 March 1944, and was from Daddy Thad's time at Tyndall Field in Panama City, FL, where he received training in the Gunnery school.
Note Daddy Thad's signature at the bottom of the ticket.


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Export 6 results:Author [ Title] Type Year
Filters: Author is Ryoichi Komiyama [Clear All Filters]
"A Buildings Module for the Stochastic Energy Deployment System." ACEEE 2008 Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings 2008. LBNL-291E..
"Japan's Energy Outlook for 2050 with Stochastic Sectoral Modeling." IEEJ Energy Journal of the Institute of Energy Economics, Japan 4 (2009)..
"Japan's Long-term Energy Demand and Supply Scenario to 2050 - Estimation for the Potential of Massive CO2 Mitigation." IEEJ Energy Journal of the Institute of Energy Economics, Japan 4 (2009). LBNL-3849E..
"Radical Rethinking in Building Energy Forecasting - The Open Source Stochastic Building Simulation Tool SLBM." 2008 Behavior Energy and Climate Change Conference, November 16-19, 2008. Sacramento, California, 2008..
"The Stochastic Building Simulation Tool SLBM and its New Energy Forecasting Approach." Fifth Annual California Climate Change Conference, September 8-10, 2008. Sacramento Convention Center, 2008..


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Mr CC and I have just returned from a splendid jaunt to Whitby; a beautiful town on the rugged North York coast. It is also the inspiration and setting for Bram Stoker's Dracula.
My cake this week is therefore Yorkshire-themed. Cobles are open fishing boats, with flat bottoms, commonly sighted on the North York coast. This cake is named after them but doesn't seem well documented – there are some mentions but I couldn't find a recipe anywhere on the internet. The cake is a spiced sponge, filled with apple puree and served with cream. This was all the detail I needed to produce my own version!
I was tempted to whip the cream and fill the sponge with it, along with the apple puree but I think this wouldn't have produced such an elegant finish. I also considered stirring the apple puree through the cream but again, I wanted to keep the flavours distinct.
The one thing that the internet seems in agreement about re: Coble cake is that it needs to be served with cream. I was happy to oblige:
There were some lovely tea rooms in Whitby; one thing we noticed very quickly was that the region hasn't got much time for fancy patisserie, favouring good hearty cakes in – and remember this is me saying this – hearty portions! We enjoyed, amongst other things, a toasted teacake so huge it took both hands to lift it to my mouth! I took the biggest bite I could out of one half (for photographic purposes only, obviously) – it barely made an indent:
I think our serving of chocolate cake and flapjacks highlights the generosity of Yorkshire portions. There aren't many places where TWO flapjacks are considered the standard serving! Also notice how the chocolate cake is only just contained within the boundaries of the plate:
Another highlight was this toffee apple betty cake – the flavours were a delight and I loved how the apple was layered in the middle section:
This scone was lovely – unusually for me I chose to have it with butter and jam rather than cream and jam:
Mr CC was pleased with his carrot cake...and who wouldn't be, having a triple-decker slice like this put in front of them?
For the cake:
250g unsalted butter, at room temperature
220g golden caster sugar
4 eggs
80ml milk
300g self raising flour
1 teaspoon ground ginger
1 teaspoon ground cinnamon
½ teaspoon freshly grated nutmeg
1 ½ teaspoon mixed spice
For the apple puree (puree is never an exact science so make whatever quantity you wish – it freezes brilliantly); however for this cake I used:
1-2 Bramley apples
10 tablespoons caster sugar – or to taste
To serve: thick or whipped cream
Preheat the oven to 180°C/fan oven 160°C/350°F/Gas mark 4.
Line two 20cm round loose bottomed sandwich tins with baking paper.
Start by making the sponge: Beat together the butter and sugar until light and fluffy. Don't skimp on this stage as this is when you get lots of lovely air into your sponge.
Beat in the eggs gradually, adding some of the flour if it looks like it might curdle.
Beat in the milk.
Fold in the flour and all the spices until the mixture is smooth and well combined.
Spoon into the prepared tins and level the surface.
Bake for approximately 30 minutes or until a skewer inserted into the centre of the sponge comes out clean. Another good sign is if the sponge is just pulling away from the edge of the tin.
Leave to cool in the tin for about 20 minutes before turning out and leaving to cool completely on a wire rack.
Meanwhile, make the apple puree. Take a saucepan of appropriate size – roughly so that the apples will half fill the pan.
Cover the bottom of the pan with water – ideally about 2cm deep.
Peel, core and thinly slice the cooking apples.
Slowly simmer until the apples break down and you have a puree; if the pan looks dry add some more water. You can speed this up placing the pan lid 3/4s over the pan.
Personally, I like my puree with some apple chunks still in it; if you don't cook until smooth.
Add the sugar right at the end – this is totally to taste so add gradually until you have the right sweetness for you.
When you are ready to assemble the cake place one sponge layer, flat side up, on the serving plate.
Spread the apple puree over the sponge and then sandwich with the second sponge, flat side down.
If you wish, dust the top sponge with icing sugar.
Serve in generous slices with whipped cream.
Bask in the glory of the wonderful thing you have made.


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- Made 102 blocks for Rachel's Modern Siggy Block swap (a process I can only describe as mind-numbing ... but I am glad they're done. Pics soon.)
- Pieced the top for my Doll Quilt Swap 8 quilt (again, no pics yet. It was storming here, remember?! : )
- Finally finished hand sewing the binding on a quilt that will make its debut soon. I don't even want to tell you how long it's been finished and sitting here with its binding half sewn on. Glad that one is done!
- Finished one piece for the Hoop Up swap and started another.
- Cut up all of my fabrics for my friends in the Bee Imaginative group, and made a few sample blocks. It's going to be a good one! Stay tuned for more on that.
- Finished book 8 of the Sookie Stackhouse series. Anyone else reading these?
- Hung out with the kids and played a lot of Wii Sports Resort.
In November, Meg sent out a selection of solid fabrics and requested blocks inspired by Kaffe Fassett's Forget-Me-Not Cabins quilt (from this book). Here's my interpretation:
And for December, Audrey assigned each member a letter of the alphabet and asked for an i-spy block containing the letter itself. Here's my "F" block featuring fish, frogs, fire hydrants, some fellas playing football, and a fire engine. This is going to be a really cute quilt for her beautiful newborn daughter. Read more about it here.
SewConnected 2
November was Sudi-Laura's month in SewConnected 2. Coincidentally, December was her month in another bee that we are in together (Buzz Cuts). For both, she sent out some white fabrics and requested wonky stars in a variety of sizes made from our scraps. Here's what I made collectively for both bees:
December was a catch-up month in SewConnected 2, so it wasn't assigned to any of our members.
SewConnected 3
Over in SewConnected 3, November was assigned to Sara. She wanted geometric blocks made from her selection of Mendocino prints and some coordinating solids. I followed a pattern from the recent Quiltmaker Magazine "100 Blocks from today's top designers" issue.
December was also (thankfully) a free month in SewConnected 3.
bee inspired
November was a great month to work on some holiday-inspired projects. Stacey designed her own block to be made from holiday prints for her bee inspired quilt. It was a very cool design that combined a pinwheel with string-pieced corners. Here's my version:
We took December off in this group, too : )
Buzz Cuts
Stop the presses. Have you heard? I'm paper piecing these days. That's right ... after years of resisting, I've finally succumbed to peer pressure and taken the plunge. This next block is perhaps the main reason for my change of heart.
For December, I made the wonky stars for Sudi-Laura that I showed above.
Cottage Quilting Bee
Oh, I just realized that I already shared the block I made for Tacha for her November Cottage Quilting Bee project:
Still love it, though! And, as I'm sure you've guessed by now, December was an off month for the Cottage Quilting Bee, too!


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Game of Life — Avoiding Deserted Areas
I once read a humorous article that detailed how different professions and programmers of different languages would approach the task of finding an elephant in Africa. The basic computer science algorithm was to start at the Cape of Good Hope, walk east until you reach the ocean, move north one step, then walk west, and repeat (moving back and forth across and up the continent) until you find an elephant. Of course, the savvy programmer will place a known elephant in Cairo to ensure that the execution halts. (One online version of such an article can be found here.)
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The default version of the Game of Life that I've discussed recently feels a lot like the search for an elephant in Africa. In each generation the application looks at each grid point in the simulation and counts the number of live neighbor cells to determine the state of the current cell for the next generation. Even those cells that have nothing around them to count have to be processed, just like looking at all those acres of African desert that do not contain an elephant or any other kind of animal.
But what if we could focus only on those parts of the grid where we know live cells reside? We could ignore those empty spots that have no live neighbors and compute the next generation much quicker. If I were to equate this with the elephant search metaphor, I would say this is like having satellite coverage of the whole African landmass and being able to identify large gray blobs, which could be potential elephants or herds of elephants. Knowing that there are possible elephants in a given area (or better yet, knowing those places that are elephant-free), I can restrict my searching efforts and find an elephant much quicker than if I have to look at every square foot of the continent. This is an approach to the Game of Life that I discovered in the book Data Structures & Program Design in C (Second Edition) by Robert Kruse, C.L. Tondo, and Bruce Leung (Prentice-Hall, 1997).
Like the original version, this improved version of the Game of Life needs two arrays (with border cells that are not part of the grid). Only one of these arrays will be used to denote which cells are live. In the original version I needed two such grid arrays — one for the previous generation configuration and one to hold the state of the cells in the generation being computed.
In the new version, the first array will still hold the configuration of cells in the current generation, which can be used to print out the state of the simulation at any desired time step. The second array is used to keep a count of the live neighbors for each corresponding grid point of the cell's array. The obvious advantage of this array is that once the initial neighbor counts are stored, finding the number of neighbors for any cell is simply an array look up.
So what? With the second array I've simply taken a function call with a loop over the eight neighbor cells to compute the number of live neighbors and replaced it with a table look-up. Using just these two arrays, you should realize that to find those cells that might be newly alive or need to be removed in the next generation I still have to compute across the whole grid area. I'm sure you'll agree that these two grids won't lead to much of a performance boost and it certainly does not bring a computational focus to only those spots in the grid that might be most volatile as promised above.
The key to the new version of Game of Life is to use lists of grid points that are candidates of points that might birth a new live cell or have a cell that could be killed in the next generation. With these additions, to compute a new generation of cells the grid points in the lists are each examined, the count of the current neighbors (second array) is consulted, and the proper update is made to the grid cell (first array). Also, wherever live cells are added or subtracted from the grid, the neighbor counts of the surrounding cells are updated and those grid points that should be examined for birth or death in the next generation, due to a critical neighbor count being reached, can be added to the lists.
Here is the pseudo-code outline from Data Structures & Program Design in C (Second Edition):
Get the initial configuration of living cells
and use it to calculate an array holding the neighbor counts of all
cells. Determine the cells that will become alive and cells that will
become dead in the first generation; Repeat the following steps as long as desired:
Get the initial configuration of living cells and use it to calculate an array holding the neighbor counts of all cells. Determine the cells that will become alive and cells that will become dead in the first generation;
Repeat the following steps as long as desired:
Since the processing only checks the grid point cells that have been added to one of the lists being kept, only those points of the grid that require computation will be processed. All other cells that are either empty or have a stable configuration of live cells (that don't change from one generation to the next) are not processed. For configurations that "move" across the grid (e.g., gliders), as new cells are added to the structure, the surrounding grid points in the path of the "motion" will be added to the appropriate list and those grid points on the trailing edge (those that die after the structure has passed) will stop being added to lists.
In the next post, I'll give more details and code for the program steps outlined above. Then, once we have an understanding of the serial code and how it works, I'll look at what can be done to make this new version of Game of Life run in parallel.
To whet your appetite for the parallelization, consider the following "off the cuff" observation. In the parallel code of the original version of the Game of Life, all of the processing covering the entire grid makes for a load-balanced solution. Because of the domain decomposition of the grid into equally sized subgrids, each thread has the same number of cells to process. All threads execute roughly the same number of operations and none of them should be waiting too long for all processing of the current generation to complete. If, in the new version, we again divide up processing into equal-sized subgrids, can we guarantee a load-balanced processing for each generation? If not, what is the division of work for assignment to threads?


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Christ Is Risen!
0 Members and 1 Guest are viewing this topic.
I got nothing.
I forgot the maps
You know it seams to me that the only people who have experienced this phenomenon are from the Episcopal church. I wonder if there's something to that...?
Inicidentally, I seem to remember a t-shirt put out by the music group Caedmon's Call, with the solas listed on the back. I have no idea how many of their fans knew what the terms meant.
Inicidentally, I seem to remember a t-shirt put out by the music group Caedmon's Call, with the solas listed on the back.
You should not be surprised. In today's evangelical world it's "me and Jesus" that's all you need. No theology or church history or nothin' ¦nbsp;Just warm pews, feel good music and sermon and hot cup of coffee. You needed this wake up call.
i am convinced that the reasons that many convert to Orthodoxy is they begin asking questions (as evangelicals) such "Why do I believe what I believe" or "What do I believe"
Actually, zebu, if you were Episcopalian sola scriptura would never have come up in any case because Anglicans do not believe in the doctrine. They also include traditions, reason and sacraments as equally important (I think the "reason" part is what usually gets them into trouble).
Next-to-nobody learns Latin anymore, so I'd say the number is between "no-one" and "one 'Latin geek (which I was, once upon a time).'"
...Just warm pews, feel good music and sermon...
You sure about that?
It seems to me that these are many Protestants' only T/traditions.¦nbsp; Where's the "order" in the worship?¦nbsp; How are their hymns really "worship" and finally, where the heck did "pews" come from and how are they important/why have they stuck around?
Actually, zebu, if you were Episcopalian sola scriptura would never have come up in any case because Anglicans do not believe in the doctrine. They also include traditions, reason and sacraments as equally important (I think the "reason" part is what usually gets them into trouble).I'm not surprised at all that most evangelicals are unaware of the phrase. I was not taught it as a Protestant. At least not the Latin. However, being raised in the Disciples of Christ tradition, I was well aware of the creed, "Where the scriptures speak, we speak. Where the scriptures are silent, we are silent"; which is sola scriptura in a nutshell.BTW, the DoC's claim they don't have a creed, but if the above isn't a creed, I don't know what is.
Yes, I'm pretty sure about that. I was referring to what young zebu likely was taught, not what the Anglicans taught years ago. You should probably ignore what the 39 articles say... the Episcopal Church does.I invite you to Google for episcopal scripture traditions reason and see what you get. That's what they're teaching now.
However, the fact that they are still Legally the governing code of the Church of England, unless parliament has passed a law saying otherwise, of which I am not familiar, implies that they are a reasonable standard by which judge the posistions of the Anglican church.
LOL!! Right....
2)The stronger position, which IMO is not defendable except in theory, says that Scripture really is the only source of spiritual information that we have. Period. This of course is a self-refuting doctrine, for if it was the only source of information, then we would, of necessity, need to find within it's pages a list of the canon. Since there is no such list in Scripture, an additional authority or source of inspiration is needed. Those holding to the strong position would make various clarifications about the Holy Spirit guiding people to the truth, and how really no one was using a different authority but only discerning the truth, but in the end this position cannot escape moving towards the lesser sola scriptura position on the continuum when it tries to defend itself.
I actually wrote a paper defending this view when I was in (Evangelical) seminary, although it seems laughable now. I suppose I could dig it out if anyone's interested.
You sure about that?Article VI. (of the XXXIX) Of the Sufficiency of the Holy Scriptures for Salvation.Holy Scripture containeth all things necessary to salvation: so that whatsoever is not read therein, nor may be proved thereby, is not to be required of any man, that it should be believed as an article of the Faith, or be thought requisite or necessary to salvation. In the name of the holy Scripture, we do understand those Canonical books of the Old and New Testament, of whose authority was never any doubt in the Church.Sounds to me alot like '"Where the scriptures speak, we speak. Where the scriptures are silent, we are silent"'
The articles of religion have been relegated to the "historical documents" section. Hooker, as one of the "great" Anglican divines, is held more highly, believing, as he did in Scripture, Tradition, and Reason. In his view ISTR, Reason informs our interpretation of the other two, it doesn't stand on its own. However, the ECUSA started down the road of primacy of Reason with Scripture and Tradition, perhaps, informing that. What really killed everything is when Experience suddenly became something on par with the other three, and now has superceded all.
Soooo....did parliament pass a law overturning the authority of the 39 articles, thus making them truly an historical document, or are they still law for the Church of England and simply conveniently ignored?
This passage is used to justify the reliance on the Rabbinic canon for the OT. (It can't even properly be called the Jewish canon, because the Septuagint was also a Jewish production.) The awkward outcome is that the OT canon remains the property of Rabbinic Judaism even after it parts ways definitively with Early Christianity (to the point that the clearest articulation of the Rabbinic canon also excluded the NT). So the Church went astray by incorporating extracanonical books, while God used Rabbinic Judaism to preserve the true canon, at least for the OT.
Uh, my bad for not completing the first sentence. In the American BCP they have been relegated to the historical documents section - basically no authority any longer.
I don't believe that has taken place yet in England, but I could be mistaken. However, I think they are probably ignored, not ignored, or reinterpreted as necessary from the perspective of the person thinking.
For those of us who are AngloCatholics, we just look to Newmans Tract 90 as a means of "understanding" (read, demonstrating the inconsistency of) the articles . But that's in the finest tradition of modern Anglicanism.
I would love to see your paper. I think my e-mail is on my profile, if it isn't just message me and i'll send it to you. thanks!
While some like GiC are content to live according to official statements and ignore the significance of the grass-roots, real life, on-the-ground spiritual reality of a confession, I do lament the very real rejection (in spite of its not being "on the books") of sola scriptura for the reason/experience-led direction of the Anglican communion...at least with sola scriptura you're dealing with something that is unchanging, even though it's limited...
[thread drift] What's up with the potshots taken against GiC in this topic?�
It seems to me the BCP and 39 articles, if you look at things historically and dogmatically, are essential to Anglicanism (of course the CoE and ECUSA seem to have effectively abandoned them, but that's a seperate question beyond "what is Anglicanism?").
I've posted it temporarily at http://students.cua.edu/06peterson/APOCRYPH.pdf
Trevor,Did you go to school with Joel Kalvesmaki?
Hmmmm, I really never have understood some of you anglo-catholic types, even while dabbling in it before becomming Orthodox. Now the people who like the high church stuff, but still strongly held to reformation theology I understood, but those who were Roman Catholic in everything but name and (sometimes) allegiance to the pope, most confusing.
I think you're probably overstating the strong position up front, since I don't know of anyone who would try to articulate it without the qualification of the Holy Spirit's leading.
[Joel K.] was a big help in getting me started.
Doesn't paying attention to tradition, scripture, reason, and experience make them closer to Orthodoxy than just being bound by Scripture, the Book of Common Prayer, and the 39 articles?
I'm not trying to judge the Anglican's orthodoxy, just wondering why Orthodox Christians would be against them moving towards Orthodoxy.
When the American Anglicans broke with England during the revolution we weren't going to keep the Article about "The King's Majesty hath the chief power in this Realm of England, and other his Dominions, unto whom the chief Government of all Estates of this Realm.... etc etc"now would we? Â
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Alexander Stepanov's Standard Template Library provided a huge push towards making template programming an important part of C++, and helped to insure that it was included as part of the first standard in 1998. But adoption of templates by most programmers has been more of an incremental process, as opposed to a revolutionary one many of us have literally decades of "Object-Oriented == The One True Path" to unlearn. And to top things off, templates needed some refinement over the years before they could do many of the things we expected of them.
In this article, I show you how generic programming with templates makes a noticeable improvement in a pedestrian but important task I deal with constantly in my work on data compression: bit-level I/O. Then, I'll show the annoying but understandable problems with this approach circa 1998, and finally, how to resolve them with features added in TR1 and C++1.
Bit-Oriented I/O
Most data-compression algorithms read their input data using well-supported byte-oriented I/O. Text files are read a byte at a time, and most image files are blocked into data structures that align to byte boundaries.
But the output of compressors tends to come in odd sizes. For example, venerable LZW compression output usually starts with nine-bit-wide codes, which grow as time goes on, through ten, eleven, and twelve bits, up to some arbitrary size.
The standard C++ libraries don't have I/O APIs that support these odd sizes, so any compressor implementation has to build these I/O routines into their program. And of course, the inverse task decompression needs to be able to read data in non-standard sizes in order to write uncompressed data. This is effectively the same problem, just turned on its head.
To illustrate how this works, I'll use the example of arithmetic compression in this article. Canonical CACM89 arithmetic compression outputs one bit at a time. So whether you are writing to files, sockets, or shared memory, you are going to need some kind of shim in your library that converts those single bits into bytes suitable for use with standard libraries.
The Solution Before Templates
If you are writing a dedicated compressor that is purpose-built for some application, you would probably just embed some dedicated code in your input and output routines. This article is less important for a one-off solution like that.
Things get more complicated if you are a library writer. If you want to provide an arithmetic compression capability to end users, you don't have any idea in advance where their I/O is going. So the classical OOP solution to this is to define a base class with virtual methods that the compressor needs, then require library users to implement derived classes that provide all missing functions and obey certain rules.
In this case, my arithmetic compressor will have dedicated routines that do the bit-fiddling, and then rely on a shim class to provide byte-oriented input and output. This means the library can read or write from a disparate variety of sources. My pre-template solution to this is illustrated with a partial code segment from
bitio_00.cpp, which can be downloaded. This uses classic OOP to create input and output classes, which are then called from inside the compressor.
class compressor { public : compressor(input_bytes &input, output_bytes &output ) : m_input(input), m_output(output), m_NextByte(0), m_Mask(0x80) { } ~compressor() { if ( m_Mask != 0x80 ) m_output.putByte(m_NextByte); } int operator()() { //compression takes place here // e.g. putBit( 0 ); putBit( 1 ); } protected: void putBit( bool val ) { if ( val ) m_NextByte |= m_Mask; m_Mask >>= 1; if ( !m_Mask) { m_output.putByte(m_NextByte); m_Mask = 0x80; m_NextByte = 0; } } private : output_bytes &m_output; input_bytes &m_input; char m_NextByte; int m_Mask; };
If I were going to perform compression on a pair of
iostream objects, I would need simple derived classes that implemented the necessary shim code for the
putByte() and
getByte() functions. A simple version of the input class used in
bitio_00.cpp is shown here:
class input_bytes { public : virtual int getByte() = 0; }; class input_bytes_istream : public input_bytes { public : input_bytes_istream(std::istream &stream) : m_stream(stream) { } int getByte() { return m_stream.get(); } private : std::istream &m_stream; };
This works, and at least for the library writer, it is fairly satisfactory.
As a library user, it is not really optimal. I'd like to be able to use a library without having to create shim classes. Of course, the library writer is free to implement common shim classes, which can then be used as input for more customized approaches.
Withholding any other judgment, this is an object-oriented solution that is fairly simple to understand and implement, and there are plenty of libraries out there that use this sort of implementation. You probably find it somewhat familiar and can imagine how you might deal with it as a user.
So Where Are The Problems?
Although the OOP solution to this problem works, there are a couple of problems.
First, as library writers start identifying additional things they need in their I/O classes, the abstract base classes sometimes get larded with additional methods, making it more and more complicated to implement specialized versions. While not a problem in this specific example, it definitely is a problem in the real world.
For example, the arithmetic compressor writer might decide that block I/O offers some performance improvements, leading him or her to add methods for
putBytes() and
getBytes(). This kind of creeping elegance leads to complex base classes that annoy users.
However, this is more a stylistic problem, and not necessarily tied directly to OOP, although it does seem to be a natural outgrowth of that type of programming.
A more important problem, and one that is really a big deal for data compression, is the cost of using virtual base classes to implement I/O. Functions like
putBit() are called repeatedly in tight loops. The fact that they have to invoke virtual functions is annoying these are hard for the C++ compiler to optimize at compile time, and so each call is an expensive (usually one level of pointer indirection) subroutine call.
What would be much better, and what the template-based approach allows for, is to define the input and output routines as parameterized types using templates. The compiler can then generate the code that calls those functions inline with the compression code avoiding those expensive subroutine calls and giving the compiler leeway to optimize at will. In some circumstances, this can result in a substantial improvement in runtimes.


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At my company, tenXer, we gather lots of data about the software development process in the hope of providing managers insight into their projects and the means to deliver the best outcomes.
Due to the significant amount of data at our disposal, we often get asked, "What is one thing that a team can easily do to improve the outcomes of their efforts?" While there is no one-size-fits-all best solution, there is one thing that we often see having an immediate benefit: smaller commits.
Why do smaller commits make an impact? Most people's initial reaction is to focus on the link between smaller commits and faster code reviews. While this is certainly an important benefit, the impact of smaller commits is actually much broader.
Let's start with code review since it's the one benefit most people are familiar with. Smaller commits mean that a fellow engineer has to review fewer lines of code. This means the review is going to be faster from a pure reading aspect, but it also means that there are less lines of code that he needs to decipher and understand. A code review is not just about reading the code, but actually understanding it and making sure the code will do what is intended. Even with the best commenting, the more lines of code that an individual needs to read and understand, the greater the difficulty in translation.
A benefit of quicker reviews is that the developer spends less time waiting for feedback. When the developer is waiting for the code to be reviewed, his focus changes to a different task. The longer his mind frame stays out of the code that is being reviewed, the harder it is for him to return to it to make changes. It is also more difficult for him to respond to questions that the reviewer might have. The longer a code review is open, the greater the task switching, and therefore, the increase in the probability of defects and duration of the task. Small commits help close this gap.
What about teams who do not use code review? Are there benefits for them? Yes. Smaller commits promote better focus and, thus, code cohesion. When a commit is small, the number of things that the commit is likely to be doing is small. This helps reinforce the principles of modularity.
Another advantage of small commits is simpler testing. When a commit is doing only one or two things, the number of test cases that need to be attached to the commit is smaller. It's also easier to debug a small commit because there are a limited number of functions and lines that can be causing an issue.
In a continuous integration environment, the speed at which commits are tested, added to the build, and possibly reverted is paramount. Builds are also faster for small commits because they are, by nature, smaller. Faster and more frequent builds translates into getting the product out faster and getting feedback more quickly. And because the commit is small, if you need to revert back to an earlier version of a build, that is also easier to do. An added benefit is that if you need to remove a commit that has a small scope of functionality, only that piece needs to be removed from the build, which leaves other features intact.
Finally, I should point out that smaller commits help teams achieve more consistent cadences. You can create an analogy between smaller commits and smaller user stories. Why do people break down user stories to their smallest components? It is so that there can be a better understanding of the scope of the task, what is required to get it done, and so that pieces of work can move independently through the development cycle. All of these same principles apply to smaller commits. Smaller commits can move through the development cycle independently. When work is decoupled, the impact of delays or rework from one piece of work on another is minimized. The result of this is reduced variability in cycle time and greater visibility into what has been done and what needs to be done.
Ultimately, managers want to deliver more value in less time while keeping the team happy. Through smaller commits, engineers get their code reviewed faster, which means less task switching, less waiting, faster testing, and finally, code being pushed to production faster. Code in production faster with less churn = happier developers.
Legendary ex-Facebook Engineer Evan Priestley, the founder of Phabricator, summarized in a blog post many of the benefits of small commits mentioned above: "Small, simple commits are generally better than large, complex commits. They are easier to understand, easier to test, and easier to review. The complexity of understanding, testing, and reviewing a change often increases faster than its size: Ten 200-line changes each doing one thing are often far easier to understand than one 2,000 line change doing ten things. Splitting a change which does many things into smaller changes which each do only one thing can decrease the total complexity associated with accomplishing the same goal."
So, if you are looking for one easy way to start helping your team improve, start tracking and reducing your commit size. No matter what process you follow, whether it's Waterfall, Agile, or Lean, smaller commits will aid your team in delivering work at a higher quality and at a more consistent pace. The notion of smaller commits may seem trivial, but they are an example of a little thing that can make a big difference.
Jeff Ma is the CEO of tenXer, a company that provides managerial intelligence for software development teams. Jeff was the subject of the best-selling book Bringing Down the House and the hit movie 21. He is @jeffma on Twitter.