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NOAA Report Misses Link Between California Drought and Human-Caused Climate Change
Just a couple months ago, I critiqued a pair of studies that disputed any linkage between human-caused climate change and the exceptional 2014 California drought. Now comes yet another study ("Causes and Predictability of the 2011-14 California Drought") with the imprimatur of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), announced with great fanfare (a NOAA press conference), drawing yet again the same conclusion. My criticisms of the latest study are yet again basically the same, but for reasons I explain below, that conclusion is even more implausible now than it was just two months ago.
I fear that the dubious claims by this latest report simply complicate prospects for having the very important and necessary conversation about what measures California will need to take to deal with what is likely to be a steadily worsening water crisis. Photo credit: Shutterstock
Let me start by noting that this latest report (unless I've missed something?) doesn't appear to be an actual peer-reviewed scientific article, but rather, an internal NOAA report. That causes me some concern, as the claims have not yet been submitted to the independent scrutiny of the larger scientific community in the manner it would have if it were published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.
That having been said, my main concerns are far more fundamental. The methodology used in the current article, in my view, is deeply flawed because it doesn't properly account for a number of potentially important factors behind the record California drought.
First of all, there is the role of Pacific sea surface temperature (SST). Despite what the authors claim, the Pacific SST patterns underlying the ongoing drought-favorable conditions may be partly forced, and not simply a result of natural climate variability. The IPCC "CMIP5" climate models which the authors quote in their defense may not be getting these patterns right because of flaws that persist even in many state-of-the-art climate models involving the physics underlying El Nino and decadal tropical Pacific climate variability. One recent study suggests that climate change does in fact favor an SST pattern in the North Pacific that increases the incidence of the atmospheric circulation pattern responsible for the current rainfall deficit.
Secondly, the approach taken in this latest study doesn't account for the potential influence of decreasing Arctic Sea Ice. Studies going back more than a decade show that reduced Arctic sea ice may also favor the atmospheric circulation pattern underlying the current pattern of California drought. More recent work by Jennifer Francis of Rutgers provides independent support for that mechanism.
Most inexplicable of all, though, is the fact that the authors pay only the slightest lip service to the role of surface temperature in drought, focusing almost entirely on precipitation alone. That neglects the fact that California experienced record heat over the past year, and this anomalous heat certainly contributed to the unprecedented nature of the current drought. Another article published just a week ago in one of the premier peer-reviewed journals in the field, Geophysical Research Letters (GRL), preemptively critiqued the present study, by stressing the importance of looking at the role of extremely high surface temperatures as well as precipitation in assessing the factors behind e.g. the 2014 California drought.
And most ironic of all, just days ago, another article in GRL concluded that the record heat played a role in making the current California drought the worst such drought in at least 1200 years! (see also this discussion by Peter Gleick).
The authors of the new report would really have us believe that is merely a coincidence and has nothing to do with the impact of human-caused climate change? Frankly, I don't find that even remotely plausible.
I'm sure this latest study was done in good faith, and I don't question the intentions of the authors. But I'm troubled by the fact that the findings were announced with such fanfare (how many studies, let alone non peer-reviewed ones, get the benefit of a NOAA press conference?), when the conclusions are so flimsy, are contradicted by so much other peer-reviewed scientific work and involve a matter of tremendous societal importance. I fear that the dubious claims by this latest report simply complicate prospects for having the very important and necessary conversation about what measures California will need to take to deal with what is likely to be a steadily worsening water crisis. That is no small matter.
California Experiences Worst Drought in 1,200 Years
Scientists Warn Leaders at Lima Climate Talks: Ocean Warming Drives Record Temperatures
ALEC Gives Congressional Climate Deniers Their 2015 Marching Orders
40 Percent of World's Plants at Risk of Extinction, New Report Finds
A grim new assessment of the world's flora and fungi has found that two-fifths of its species are at risk of extinction as humans encroach on the natural world, as The Guardian reported. That puts the number of species at risk near 140,000.
- Climate Crisis Could Cause a Third of Plant and Animal Species to ... ›
- World Leaders Urged to 'Act Now' to Save Biodiversity - EcoWatch ›
- Bumblebees Face Extinction From the Climate Crisis - EcoWatch ›
- Plant Extinction Is Happening 500x Faster Than Before the Industrial ... ›
EcoWatch Daily Newsletter
As human activity transforms the atmosphere, flowers are changing their colors.
- The Best Plants to Attract Pollinators, by Region - EcoWatch ›
- Corals Turn Bright Neon in Last-Ditch Effort to Survive - EcoWatch ›
- Hummingbirds Live in a More Colorful World, Study Confirms ... ›
By Sharon Zhang
Back in March, when the pandemic had just planted its roots in the U.S., President Donald Trump directed the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to do something devastating: The agency was to indefinitely and cruelly suspend environmental rule enforcement. The EPA complied, and for just under half a year, it provided over 3,000 waivers that granted facilities clemency from state-level environmental rule compliance.
A rare celestial event was caught on camera last week when a meteoroid "bounced" off Earth's atmosphere and veered back into space.
- Asteroid Could Strike Earth Before Election Day But Won't Cause ... ›
- Water May Have Originated on Earth, Study Finds - EcoWatch ›
By Bob Jacobs
Hanako, a female Asian elephant, lived in a tiny concrete enclosure at Japan's Inokashira Park Zoo for more than 60 years, often in chains, with no stimulation. In the wild, elephants live in herds, with close family ties. Hanako was solitary for the last decade of her life.
Hanako, an Asian elephant kept at Japan's Inokashira Park Zoo; and Kiska, an orca that lives at Marineland Canada. One image depicts Kiska's damaged teeth. Elephants in Japan (left image), Ontario Captive Animal Watch (right image), CC BY-ND
Affecting Health and Altering Behavior
It is easy to observe the overall health and psychological consequences of life in captivity for these animals. Many captive elephants suffer from arthritis, obesity or skin problems. Both elephants and orcas often have severe dental problems. Captive orcas are plagued by pneumonia, kidney disease, gastrointestinal illnesses and infections.

Many animals try to cope with captivity by adopting abnormal behaviors. Some develop "stereotypies," which are repetitive, purposeless habits such as constantly bobbing their heads, swaying incessantly or chewing on the bars of their cages. Others, especially big cats, pace their enclosures. Elephants rub or break their tusks.

Changing Brain Structure
Neuroscientific research indicates that living in an impoverished, stressful captive environment physically damages the brain. These changes have been documented in many species, including rodents, rabbits, cats and humans.

Although researchers have directly studied some animal brains, most of what we know comes from observing animal behavior, analyzing stress hormone levels in the blood and applying knowledge gained from a half-century of neuroscience research. Laboratory research also suggests that mammals in a zoo or aquarium have compromised brain function.

This illustration shows differences in the brain's cerebral cortex in animals held in impoverished (captive) and enriched (natural) environments. Impoverishment results in thinning of the cortex, a decreased blood supply, less support for neurons and decreased connectivity among neurons. Arnold B. Scheibel, CC BY-ND
Subsisting in confined, barren quarters that lack intellectual stimulation or appropriate social contact seems to thin the cerebral cortex – the part of the brain involved in voluntary movement and higher cognitive function, including memory, planning and decision-making.

There are other consequences. Capillaries shrink, depriving the brain of the oxygen-rich blood it needs to survive. Neurons become smaller, and their dendrites – the branches that form connections with other neurons – become less complex, impairing communication within the brain. As a result, the cortical neurons in captive animals process information less efficiently than those living in enriched, more natural environments.

An actual cortical neuron in a wild African elephant living in its natural habitat compared with a hypothesized cortical neuron from a captive elephant. Bob Jacobs, CC BY-ND
Brain health is also affected by living in small quarters that don't allow for needed exercise. Physical activity increases the flow of blood to the brain, which requires large amounts of oxygen. Exercise increases the production of new connections and enhances cognitive abilities.

In their native habits these animals must move to survive, covering great distances to forage or find a mate. Elephants typically travel anywhere from 15 to 120 miles per day. In a zoo, they average three miles daily, often walking back and forth in small enclosures. One free orca studied in Canada swam up to 156 miles a day; meanwhile, an average orca tank is about 10,000 times smaller than its natural home range.

Disrupting Brain Chemistry and Killing Cells
Living in enclosures that restrict or prevent normal behavior creates chronic frustration and boredom. In the wild, an animal's stress-response system helps it escape from danger. But captivity traps animals with almost no control over their environment.

These situations foster learned helplessness, negatively impacting the hippocampus, which handles memory functions, and the amygdala, which processes emotions. Prolonged stress elevates stress hormones and damages or even kills neurons in both brain regions. It also disrupts the delicate balance of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that stabilizes mood, among other functions.

In humans, deprivation can trigger psychiatric issues, including depression, anxiety, mood disorders or post-traumatic stress disorder. Elephants, orcas and other animals with large brains are likely to react in similar ways to life in a severely stressful environment.

Damaged Wiring
Captivity can damage the brain's complex circuitry, including the basal ganglia. This group of neurons communicates with the cerebral cortex along two networks: a direct pathway that enhances movement and behavior, and an indirect pathway that inhibits them.

The repetitive, stereotypic behaviors that many animals adopt in captivity are caused by an imbalance of two neurotransmitters, dopamine and serotonin. This impairs the indirect pathway's ability to modulate movement, a condition documented in species from chickens, cows, sheep and horses to primates and big cats.

The cerebral cortex, hippocampus and amygdala are physically altered by captivity, along with brain circuitry that involves the basal ganglia. Bob Jacobs, CC BY-ND
Evolution has constructed animal brains to be exquisitely responsive to their environment. Those reactions can affect neural function by turning different genes on or off. Living in inappropriate or abusive circumstance alters biochemical processes: It disrupts the synthesis of proteins that build connections between brain cells and the neurotransmitters that facilitate communication among them.

There is strong evidence that enrichment, social contact and appropriate space in more natural habitats are necessary for long-lived animals with large brains such as elephants and cetaceans. Better conditions reduce disturbing sterotypical behaviors, improve connections in the brain, and trigger neurochemical changes that enhance learning and memory.


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Onion growing at Rancheria Community Garden, Santa Barbara CA
April 2019, beautiful plaited stem ~ Cerena Childress photo
Alliums, the Onion family, have been cultivated for decorative and edible uses as far back as 1594, and wild varieties have been foraged for millennia. The allium family provides at least one of the staple foods in nearly every culture!
Alliums are stinky and that's exactly why we love them! They have a great array of flavors and aromas that call you to the kitchen to prepare meals with them, that call you to a mouthwatering meal! A lot of them can be grown all year long in SoCal, and if you live near the wild, they are deer resistant!
The bulbs are the most commonly eaten part of yellow, red and white garden onions, while scallions are usually harvested for their stalks, although the white base is also edible. Generally all parts of alliums are edible. And the lovely flowers are wonderful bee food!
Onions, Allium cepa, make us cry and give us bad breath but have stupendous flavor! Red onions are sweet. Yellow onions are good all-purpose onions. White onions are best used fresh. Some varieties of onions store better than others.
Table, bunch onions or Scallions Scallions are bunching onions, Allium fistulosum, with a bit less biting flavor. In summer heat, plant these onions in a spot with less sun. Plant all year long and you will always have fresh scallions.
Shallots, Allium cepa var. aggregatum, are a multiplier onion, which means that each shallot bulb you plant will produce a cluster of up to a dozen baby bulbs. They have a sweet and mild (although pronounced) flavor, with a hint of garlic, and lack the bite you get with yellow or white onions. Shallots are smaller and have longer, slimmer bulbs, are more commonly eaten raw.
Hot and dry! I'itoi onion is a prolific multiplier onion cultivated in the Baboquivari Peak Wilderness, Arizona area. This small-bulb type is easy to grow and ideal for hot, dry climates. Bulbs are separated, and planted in the fall 1 inch below the surface and 12 inches apart. Bulbs will multiply into clumps and can be harvested throughout the cooler months. Tops die back in the heat of summer and may return with heavy rains; bulbs can remain in the ground or be harvested and stored in a cool dry place for planting in the fall. The plants rarely flower; propagation is by division.
Leeks, Allium ampeloprasum, are tall, handsome and hefty! And they have that pretty leaf pattern! The leaves are large, flat. Leeks are easy to grow and their sweet, mild flavor and can be enjoyed fresh all year long in SoCal! Summer leek seeds can be sown from January to March to provide the best fall harvest and they overwinter well. You can pull up baby leeks at any time or savor mature leeks when they are about one inch in diameter. They too are a cut and come again. Cut them about one and a half inches from the ground and they grow back quickly 3 or 4 times! Use little ones in salads. Slice mature stems diagonally across and pop into winter soups & stews! The flower heads are elegant, the seeds are easy to harvest. Image by Jan at Jan's Garden
Too much garlic, aka the stinking rose, Allium sativum and we smell like it! But that doesn't matter to garlic lovers! There are festivals and restaurants that specialize in only garlic cuisine! It takes little space to produce a large supply of garlic. Elephant garlic, Allium ampeloprasum, makes a bulb about the same size as an ordinary garlic bulb, but it has only three to seven cloves and the flavor is mild.
Garlic is fun to plant! Check weather forecasts and plan to plant before a cold time! Let your garlic cloves or shallots sprout, plant them 6″ to 2″ deep, a 1/2″ if unsprouted. Don't remove the skin. Plant in slightly moist soil, firm it lightly over the cloves, don't water or water very little. Too wet and the cloves rot. Plant the biggest and best cloves for the sassiest plants! See more In six to seven months you'll have beautiful cooking ingredients! Late October, November is likely the best SoCal garlic planting time to get the most cold weather for them. If you don't mind smaller bulbs, you can also plant in spring.
Sadly, our SoCal warmth doesn't make our garlic happy. In Santa Barbara our coastal humidity and lack of frosts and freezes like in inland areas let our plants get a lot of rust fungi. It stunts our plants and we get small bulbs. We can grow it, just not with the same jubilant success as happens further north, like at Gilroy CA, where winter frosts naturally kill off the fungi and plants are invigorated and healthy.
Chives, Allium tuberosum – smallest of all the Alliums, garlic chives, Allium schoenoprasum are a perennial (grow year after year). They are great for your baked potatoes or cottage cheese. The flowers are edible too! While easily grown from seed, they take a while to mature. A nursery purchase is easier! Plant them where they can live weed-free for a long time. A pot of chives close to the kitchen is always a treat. Clip the leaves with scissors about an inch above ground level. They grow back! Image compliments of Hudson Valley Seed Library
Ornamental Alliums are used for landscaping and often edible too! Society Garlic though ornamental, has edible flowers and leaves! And it's a pleasure to mix veggie alliums in your landscape!
GROWING Most species of these hardy perennials prefer a sunny location, and many require a period of dormancy. That often happens during the dry time of year. Not to worry if your plant dies back for awhile. Don't pull it, wait for it. It will return and flourish again. These shallow-rooted plants need well-draining soil – no standing water for them! They need slightly fertile to fertile soil because they have those short roots, so the soil has to be good right where they feed! They can take clay soil quite well. They need weeding. They don't compete well with weeds. Allow the soil to dry out between waterings. Not maybe bone dry, 'cause if you live on the edge and don't water enough you may lose your plant. Rotating your allium crops can help prevent disease. If you have limited space, and not enough room to rotate, keep your soil fertile by amending with quality well rounded compost, resting your soil for a season, or putting in a green manure cover crop.
Alliums work well as companion plants for roses, carrots and beets, but inhibit the growth of legumes – that's peas and beans. Otherwise, when grown close to other plants they tend to increase that plant's resistance to disease and reduce insect infestation. The smell of onions mask the scent of a plant that might be attacked.
Per Plants for a Future 'You can make a very good tonic spray from onion or garlic bulbs that will also increase the resistance of plants to pests and diseases, and garlic bulbs have in the past been used as a fungicide. Simply chop up the bulbs and soak them overnight in cold water – a few cloves in a pint of water should be adequate, and adding some camomile flowers if available seems to increase the effectiveness. The juice of the common onion is used as a moth repellent. It can also be used as a rust preventative on metals and as a polish for copper and glass. It is possible that other members of the genus can also be used in these ways.'
Seeds: Generally sow in late winter or in early spring. Sow thinly and only cover the seed lightly. Germination is normally quite quick and good. They are so tiny, you may not realize you have them, possibly pulling them thinking they are grass coming up! Wait a few days before you weed an allium planted area. Apply a liquid feed occasionally to make sure that the plants don't get hungry. A number of species from Mediterranean-type climates usually come into growth in the autumn, flower in the spring and then die down for the summer. You do have to be careful that they don't damp off.
Most alliums can be planted in the spring (May is still doable) for fall harvest/blooms in the later summer or early fall. Table, bunch onions or Scallions can be planted year round. Garlic likes fall to Winter Solstice plantings.
Onion varieties are region specific, plant the varieties your local nurseries carry, farmers grow, or experiment! For the biggest, sweetest SoCal harvests, late summer and early fall are the prime times to sow seeds of short- or intermediate-day onions. Fall-sown short- and intermediate-day onions tend to yield more and are larger and sweeter than those seeded or transplanted in early spring. If you do plant in spring, sow summer-maturing onions Feb/March/April. In our area, the 1st half of Nov plant seeds of globe onions for slicing. Grano, Granex, Crystal Wax. December/January plant short-day (sweet) globe onions.
Bulbs! Divide in spring for winter-dormant species, or in late summer for summer-dormant species. The method of division depends the plant. With chives, the bulb is constantly dividing and a clump of bulbs is formed. Dig up the clump, break it into smaller sections, one bulb, replant. In other species, a number of small bulbs, or offsets, are produced at the base of the parent bulb. For rapid increase, dig up the bulbs every year & plant out the offsets.
Rhizomes! A number of species, like Society Garlic, form a clump of rhizome-like roots. In spring, dig up the clump, cut it into sections with a sharp knife making sure that there is at least one leaf- growing point on each section. Or, without digging it up, chop sections away from the part you choose to be the parent. Either way, plant the sections where you want them.
Some species, like the Tree Onion (A. cepa proliferum), and Walking Onion, also produce small bulbs, or bulbils, at the top of the flowering stem. Sometimes these are produced together with flowers, sometimes instead of flowers. Plant them out as soon as they part easily from the flowering stem. Some of the alliums with bulbils can become noxious weeds! Too true!
Transplants are often the easiest for busy gardeners. Carefully separate the little plants. Make a trench where you want to plant them and lay them with their roots outstretched along the edge of the trench as far apart between them as is right for what you are planting. Simply push the soil from the other side of the trench over their roots.
CAUTION! Alliums are poisonous to dogs and cats. Don't grow these in your garden if your pets can access them, and never give a dog or cat table food that has been seasoned with onion or garlic.
HEALTH! If you are one of the lucky ones and garlic thrives at your micro climate niche, hooray! For humans, raw Garlic, in particular, acts like a natural antibiotic! A Washington State University 2012 study states that a compound from garlic is 100 times more effective than two popular antibiotics used in the treatment of intestinal infections caused by the bacterium species Campylobacter bacterium. Many other scientific research projects suggest that raw garlic has incredible healing properties. It has a substantial history. in France, gravediggers supposedly drank wine mixed with crushed garlic to protect them from the plague. It was also given to soldiers – in both world wars – to prevent gangrene caused by bacterial infection. The healing properties of this spice ranges from anti-infective to antioxidant.
Garlic is amazing! It is the only antibiotic that can actually kill infecting bacteria and at the same time protect the body from the poisons that are causing the infection. Clinical research found garlic's effectiveness to be comparable to that of penicillin, streptomycin, erythromycin, and tetracycline. In addition, it has proven effective against some resistant bacteria that no longer respond to prescription antibiotics. It has also been reported that the vapor from freshly cut garlic can kill bacteria at a distance of 20 centimeters!
HARVEST, Drying! In May garlic, bulb onions, and shallots naturally begin to dry. When the foliage begins to dry it's time to stop irrigating. Dry outer layers needed for long storage will form on the bulbs. When about half of the foliage slumps to the ground, bend the rest to initiate this maturing. The bulbs will be ready for harvest when the foliage is thoroughly dry and crisp. Some gardeners gather and store the bulbs inside. Others leave them lying on the hot ground for about a week. If you like, plait your onions or garlic!
Onion, Allium Cepa drying bundles by Larry Rettig at Dave's Garden
Image at Masters Produce, Auckland NZ
Besides plaiting onions or garlic, or bulk dry onion storage, make healthy probiotic treats. Conveniently chop and put in freezer bags in the serving sizes or the amount you will add to favorite meal, freeze. Canning and drying are traditional. Dry thinly sliced onions and garlic to spice up a camp stew later on.
Onions IN the Kitchen tips!
Store in a cool, dark, dry place such as your pantry.
No fridge! Cold temps soften their texture plus onions flavour your other produce.
NO plastic bags; they accelerate sprouting and spoilage due to lack of air circulation.
Store onions and potatoes separately! Both give off gases that accelerate spoilage of each other.
SAVING SEEDS is a joy! Let a few of your plants grow out. Put a bag over the seeding flower stalk, bend the stem, whap or shake it, and let the seeds fall into the bag. I use a clear, zipper style plastic bag so I can see it happen and seal the seeds in so I don't lose them if the bag gets dropped or bumped!
Enjoy the tasty range of shapes, colors, flavors of your alliums. Experiment with different varieties!
The Green Bean Connection started as correspondence for the Santa Barbara CA USA, Pilgrim Terrace Community Garden. All three of Santa Barbara city community gardens are very coastal. During late spring/summer we are in a fog belt/marine layer area most years, locally referred to as the May grays, June glooms and August fogusts. Keep that in mind compared to the microclimate niche where your veggie garden is. Bless you for being such a wonderful Earth Steward!
See the March 2017 GBC Newsletter!
Love your Mother! Plant bird & bee food! Think grey water! Grow organic!

subset: commoncrawl


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|Club Herbert
|Government Type
|Herbert Percival Bear, Esquire
|Time Active
|November 15, 2012 - December 6, 2012
|Major Locations
|Paradise, Sector 1, Sector 2
|Minor Locations
|Town, Plaza, Lighthouse
|Penguins, Puffles, Herbert, many other Creatures.
- This article is about Herbert P. Bear's ideal Club Penguin Island. Were you looking for ClubHerbert.com?
Club Herbert was a Dictatorship ruled by Herbert P. Bear and created by him at the beginning of Operation: Blackout. 'Club Herbert' is also what Club Penguin Island was renamed to by Herbert at the beginning of Operation: Blackout. Using his new High Frequency Infrared Reversion Laser, Herbert had blocked the sun and stole its energy for himself to stay warm, which led to the overall temperature of the island being drastically reduced and all the buildings being covered in snow. He built a fortress for himself as his headquarters, severely damaged the Everyday Phoning Facility (along with parts of the EPF Command Room) and banned parties along with setting various other rules. He also presented a play at The Stage, called 'My Awesome Life - The Herbert Story'. When Herbert's plans were foiled, the island's name was restored back to 'Club Penguin Island'. During Operation: Puffle, you could spot the logo of Club Herbert on the dashboard of the Puffle Chip Matching game.
- There is also a website called ClubHerbert.com.
- It is also the name of Herbert's Twitter.[1]
- According to Tour Guide scripts, swimming was outlawed in Club Herbert.
- Herbert had planned to take the fish pizzas off the Pizza Parlor menu.
- The main source of information in Club Herbert was through The Club Herbert Times.
- This was the first form of government enforced on the residents of Club Penguin.
- Although the main EPF agent characters (Gary, Rookie, Jet Pack Guy, Dot and The Director/Aunt Arctic) were captured, PH and Rory weren't.
- The Lighthouse and The Dock were the only places that didn't get covered in snow.
- Although the Club Herbert rules stated 'NO DJs', Cadence was not punished.
Section 1: 'NEW RULES' (As posted in Issue #369 of Club Penguin Times)
- No singing
- No dancing
- No parties
- NO LAUGHING (except Herbert)
- No loud music
- No snowball throwing
- No swimming
- No eating of meat
- NO TOOTING (it's gross)
Section 2: 'MORE RULES' (As posted in Issue #370 of Club Penguin Times)
- All future parties are now cancelled
- No Pirates
- No Ninjas
- No DJs
- No Puffle Handlers
- No Musicians
- No Fishermen
- No Explorers
- And ABSOLUTELY no EPF agents
- All tour guides must use Herbert-approved tour information
Club Herbert Parties
During Operation: Blackout, Herbert announced in the Club Herbert Times that the Coins for Change party would be renamed to Coins for Herbert. The next party he announced was 'The Quiet Party', and the last party he announced was 'The Polar Bear Party'. Due to Herbert's plans being foiled, these never happened.
- Club Herbert's sole main appearance was during Operation: Blackout.
- You could spot the logo on the dashboard of the Puffle Chip Matching game during Operation: Puffle.
- The logo was also present on the letter Herbert had sent to Club Penguin Times during Operation: Tri-umph, as shown in Club Penguin Times Issue #539.


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Nancy Zimpher does not have a single big idea. She has six of them.
Less than a year after she became State University of New York chancellor, Dr. Zimpher is unveiling a strategic plan for SUNY that is nothing if not ambitious. Yet its goals are grounded in a realistic assessment of the role the State University should play in New York's economy.
"In a knowledge economy," she writes in the introduction to the plan, "institutions of higher education can-and must-be pivotal in generating growth and revitalizing communities." SUNY already has a large economic impact statewide by virtue of its size-some 465,000 students on 64 campuses, with annual expenditures of nearly $10 billion and more than 61,000 faculty and staff members.
Its impact could be even greater, however, with a sharper focus and better coordination of assets in certain areas.
"Imagine the competitive advantage for New York State," she writes, "if SUNY institutions joined forces as never before, pooling knowledge, pushing and building on each other's ideas, and collaborating in ways that deploy our distinctive capabilities to the fullest extent possible."
No. 1 on the plan's list of Six Big Ideas is "SUNY and the Entrepreneurial Century." Noting that the linchpin of economic growth is translating knowledge into measurable benefits, SUNY wants to "cultivate entrepreneurial thinking across our entire learning landscape." As part of this effort, the university will bring successful business founders to its campuses and create a development chain to fast-track the lab-to-market process.
The strategic plan also aims to make SUNY a powerhouse in health care innovation and smart energy, building on current assets (SUNY educates nearly 10,000 students annually at its four academic medical centers) as well as addressing its own needs (the system is among New York's top energy consumers).
The Public Higher Education Empowerment and Innovation Act, which is part of Gov. David Paterson's budget plan, would give a strong financial boost to the SUNY strategic plan. But even without passage of the act, the Zimpher plan should make a major, positive impact statewide.
4/23/10 (c) 2010 Rochester Business Journal. To obtain permission to reprint this article, call 585-546-8303 or e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Kate Spade New York 2012 Fall
Kate Spade New York Fall 2012
Kate Spade New York Fall 2012
>>Kate Spade's quirky, color-filled aesthetic got a jolt of joie de vivre this season. With creative director Deborah Lloyd using classic Parisian motifs as inspiration, and Brad Goreski styling, the collection was a tongue-in-cheek ode to Parisian women. Classic, ladylike silhouettes were rendered in juicy colors and classic prints like florals and leopard, while ruffles, bow ties, and feathers referenced Parisian coquette. Accessory highlights included polka-dot pumps, sleek envelope clutches, and deliciously flirty car gloves.


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modulation, in communications, process in which some characteristic of a wave (the carrier wave) is made to vary in accordance with an information-bearing signal wave (the modulating wave); demodulation is the process by which the original signal is recovered from the wave produced by modulation. The original, unmodulated wave may be of any kind, such as sound or, most often, electromagnetic radiation, including optical waves. The carrier wave can be a direct current, an alternating current, or a pulse chain. In modulation, it is processed in such a way that its amplitude, frequency, or some other property varies.
Sections in this article:
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Electrical Engineering


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DNREC Division of Fish & Wildlife Enforcement agents made 1,757 contacts with anglers, hunters, boaters and the general public between May 7 and May 14, including 94 boating safety/fishing regulation compliance checks. Agents responded to 29 complaints and issued 27 citations, seven of which were associated with increased Fish and Wildlife Enforcement presence at the C&D Canal Wildlife Area and the associated recreational trail currently under construction. Incidents of particular note included:
- On May 13, charges were dismissed against John J. Ament Jr., 57, of Milford, after he agreed to donate a full-body mounted wild turkey to the Division of Fish and Wildlife Enforcement Section for use as a decoy to help in apprehending violators of Delaware's wild turkey laws and regulations. Ament was charged April 4 with two counts of offering for sale antlered deer, one count of commercialization of wildlife and one count of international wildlife trafficking in connection with illegally offering mounted deer heads, turkeys and a bear for sale online.
-- On May 10, John Kleinstuber, 52, of Bethany Beach, was cited and fined for tampering with a non-commercial crab pot.
Delaware's citizens are encouraged to report fish and wildlife and boating violations to the Delaware Fish and Wildlife Enforcement Section by calling (302) 739-4580. Wildlife violations also may be reported anonymously to Operation Game Theft by calling (800) 292-3030, or online at www.dnrec.delaware.gov/fw/Hunting/Pages/OpGameTheft.aspx.


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Being efficient and reducing our demand and consumption of energy can be met through a myriad of technological advancements. From changing light bulbs to using Energy Star compliant technologies to understanding the impacts energy has on our enviroment and economy a great and positive difference can be made for our future.
Programs | Residential | Businesses | Tax Credits | Links | Fact Sheets
Easy Ways to Save Energy
Energy Star
ENERGY STAR is a government-backed program helping businesses and individuals protect the environment through superior energyefficiency.
Results are already adding up. Americans, with the help of ENERGY STAR, saved enough energy in 2005 alone to avoid greenhouse gas emissions equivalent to those from 23 million cars — all while saving $12 billion on their utility bills.
Help Thy Neighbor
The Help Thy Neighbor Heating Fund utilizes public andprivatedonations to extend assistance to Hoosiers who need help paying their gas heating bills and who do not qualify for other assistance programs.
The Help Thy Neighbor program will run from January 1, 2006 through May 31, 2006. Any funds remaining after May 31, 2006 will be directed to the state's home weatherization programs, which provide long-term remedies to high gas bills.
Families whose incomes are 150 percent to 200 percent of the government-established poverty levels are eligible for help from this fund. Governor Mitch Daniels has called on fellow Hoosiers to donate to the Help Thy Neighbor Fund to ensure the fund helps as many people as possible.
Change A Light Pledge
ENERGY STAR asks that each person pledges to save energy and help protect the environment by changing a light in your home with a qualified ENERGY STAR product.


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Fewer complaints, arrests at SnowGlobe
South Lake Tahoe — Chromeo led the countdown to the new year Monday night in front of a massive, high-energy crowd at the SnowGlobe Music Festival. "This is just so great. It's awesome. The atmosphere's great and Tahoe's gorgeous," concertgoer Lindsey Wallingford said just hours before 2013 arrived.And unlike last year's concert series, which caused hundreds of homeowners to call the city with noise complaints, the 2012 SnowGlobe delivered strong performances for attendees while keeping the volume down for the community. Over the course of the three-day festival, the South Lake Tahoe Police Department received only 12 noise complaints, according to Sgt. Jeff Reagan. That's compared to last year, when the city received about 200 noise complaints from residents who didn't like the event and from others who couldn't take the noise. The complaints represented 2.5 percent of South Lake Tahoe households, former City Manager Tony O'Rourke told the Tahoe Daily Tribune last January. The discontent made the city look closely at bringing the event back to the South Shore. The City Council deliberated for about two hours in August before approving a motion to move forward with a second SnowGlobe. But the decision came with caveats. The council increased the event's security deposit to $50,000 to cover city services, required collaboration between the music series' producers and the community and mitigated sound by reducing the decibel level and rotating the stage. The city also implemented a 10 p.m. curfew every night except Dec. 31. Those qualifications seemed to have paid off. Not only were noise complaints down, fewer arrests were made. Police arrested 22 people during the 2011 SnowGlobe. That number shrank to two this year, Reagan said. One arrest was due to public intoxication while the other was theft-related. Police made 14 arrests total in the Stateline casino core during the evening, according to a Douglas County Sheriff's Office press release. Charges included assault, domestic battery, disorderly conduct and illegal alcohol consumption. Crowds at Stateline were much lower than in previous years, a change that Reagan attributes to other venues like SnowGlobe that drew people away from the casinos. "It was pretty quiet. We put everybody we had out there and everything went great," he said. City Councilwoman Angela Swanson toured the SnowGlobe site throughout the three days and drove the adjacent neighborhoods as her own sound-check. She said she didn't get a single serious complaint and that from what she's witnessed, business is booming. "Cash registers are ringing and the patrons are cheerful. It seems gloves, boots and hats are a scarce commodity. I have enjoyed the many compliments of the concertgoers for the town. South Lake Tahoe is showing its true colors and giving our guests a warm welcome," she said.


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JIP took an unusual but successful approach on its 2012 EP Sparks Flames And Names by having a different guest vocalist on each of the seven tracks. On the recently released Last Call, the Chicago based trio makes good on its mission to forge a hard-hitting collection of songs that evoke alternative rock bands from the 1990s. Lead vocalist Jim Gwynn is back in the spotlight, and to say he makes the most of this opportunity would be an understatement.
It's also an album that finds Gwynn and guitarist-vocalist Spencer Watson cutting loose on their guitars while Mike Charbonneau pounds away on the drums. Producer Andy Gerber doubles as a bass player and JIP once again gets some first-rate help from its musical guests. Stubhy Pandav from Lucky Boys Confusion provides vocals for the hard rock romance of "Power Lines," and Joanna Stanielun, who was one of the guest vocalists on Sparks, duets with Gwynn on "Shuddering," a swaggering look at the addictive power of love.
The title track definitely taps into vintage grunge, while "Hard Rock Soul," with its staggered guitars and snarling vocals, and "Our City By The Lake" have more of a classic rock feel. The slow and slinky "Real Good Time" showcases Charbonneau on drums, and Gwynn and Watson's rampage through "Still With Me" comes close to speed metal. Whatever the approach, each of these tracks has a strong melody. "Unknowns," which provides a more peaceful acoustic ambience after the dozen energetic tracks that precede it, features Gwynn, Watson, and Charbonneau creating some impressive harmonies.


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Since we can't all shell out the dough for a multimillion-dollar diamond encrusted skull a la Damien Hirst to make our homes Halloween chic, here are some more affordable options that don't include faux spider webs, plastic pumpkins or styrofoam headstones.
Whether you are hosting a Halloween shindig or just hope to get your abode into the holiday spirit, there are now decorating alternatives for all tastes and styles.
• 1 Skull Appetizer Plates from Pottery Barn
• 2 20 Taper Tabletop Candelabrum by Sundance Catalog
• 3 Orange and White Pumpkin Gourd by SeaPinks, Etsy, $12
• 4 Swarm of 18 Bats Vinyl Decals by WilsonsGraphics, Etsy, $30
• 5 Chillingworth Owl by Ann Wood found via Craft
• 1 Braaains Mobile by SaltyandSweet, Etsy, $30, found via Mighty Goods
• 2 Manzanita Candelabra by West Elm
• 3 Black Crow Doormat by CB2
• 5 Zombie Plates by soule, Etsy, $14-16 each
• 5 Crow Candle from Pottery Barn


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You can download all CAM Roadmaps at the following links:
CAP0395-13 CAM Roadmap Update October 2013 FINAL.pdf
The experience gained from the CAM Roadmap, and its successful example of cooperation, create a positive precedent for future work on similar initiatives.
On the other hand, as the CAM NC has become fully applicable in November 2015, ACER and ENTSOG have started the formal implementation monitoring which will lead to a different type of report for the EU Member States in 2016. In the Energy Community Contracting Parties, early implementation of the CAM NC is still feasible.
Agency for the Cooperationof Energy Regulators
Trg republike 3
1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
tel. +386 (0) 8 205 34 00fax +386 (0) 8 205 34 13
Comments and feedback
© Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators, 2019.


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Linen has been one of our most popular fabrics for over a decade. We offer a few varieties of Linens all of which make classic and luxurious custom drapes. Which is the right Linen Fabric for you drapes and you home? Let's first discuss a little about what linen is, how it is made and little history of this fabric.
Linen is actually harvested from the Flax Plant and dates back to ancient Egypt as early as the 4th Century BC. Originally Flax was boiled and woven into Linen fabric which was used extensively for tunics, gowns and even wrapping of the bodies of the deceased. Later when the milling and production processes improved so that Linen could be woven into longer lengths it was used to create decorative draperies for the Ancient Kings and Pharaohs. When King Tut's Tomb was discovered and opened, they found linen drapes still hanging where they had been for centuries.
Later Linen production moved to Europe where the process was further improved and the fabrics were used for clothing, upholstery and even for the insulation of homes.
Linen is a great choice for custom drapery and Roman Shades as it is heavy, well-insulating and comes in a wide variety of gorgeous colors. It is also typically, more economical for drapery when compared to other types of fabrics like silk.
At DrapeStyle we offer a few varieties of Linen for our drapery. Our Classic Linen is a well-made heavy-weight Linen that is imported form Europe. We love to create different drapery styles with Linen such as our Bordered Linen, Banded Linen and Hotel Drape in Linen. Our Classic Linen is available in a variety of solid colors.
Our Patterned Linen is the some Linen Fabric as our Solid Classic Linen and comes in both traditional and contemporary patterns including the popular Ikat and Chevron Patterns.
Our Estate Linen is a heavier weight and softer woven linen that makes incredible custom drapes. Our Estate Linen is also known as Bristol Linen and it has a much wider and looser weave. I would suggest ordering samples of both the Classic Linen and the Estate Linen and you can easily see the difference in the weave of the fabrics.
This year we introduced our Manhattan Linen Collection. Our Manhattan Linens are a blend of Linen and Polyester and make amazing drapes. The primary benefit of blending some Polyester into the Linen Weave is to reduce the amount of wrinkle that you will get from 100% Linen. If we get any comments and concerns about Linen it is that it wrinkles easily and will usually need to be steamed to release the wrinkles. The blending of the Polyester significantly reduces the amount of wrinkles and also makes it much easier to remove any wrinkles that may exist.
Finally we offer our Sheer Linen Collection. Like the name implies, our Sheer Linens are extremely lightweight (they can easily be seen through) and are very similar to gauze in weave and texture. Our Sheer Linens are the perfect fabrics for those casual bungalow drapery panels. When you think of Sheer Linens just think of Coastal Living Magazine, relaxed and casual.
Please feel free to call one of our Designers to answer any questions that you may have about our linen fabrics and custom linen drapes.


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Dinner Last Week :: Roasted Asparagus & Beets with Goat Cheese
Perfect summer evening food!
Trim the asparagus, toss with olive oil, salt and pepper and roast for 10 minutes at 425º. I like to roast my beets. Give 'em a quick wash, pierce a few times with a sharp knife and then wrap in foil – as a bonus you can drizzle them with olive oil and a sprinkle of sea salt.
Roast in a 375º oven for 25 minutes to an hour depending on the size and quantity of beets. Smaller and fewer, shorter amount of time. Let them cool once they are done and then the skin should slip off, or you can use a knife to peel off the skin.
Quarter, drizzle with olive oil and/or vinegar and top with fresh goat cheese. Serve with crusty bread!
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Minimizing Bacteria in the Thawing and Cooking of Meat
|Areas of Science
|Time Required
|Average (6-10 days)
|To do this project, you will need access to a laboratory with facilities for culturing bacteria. You should be familiar with sterile technique and proper handling of bacterial cultures.
|Material Availability
|Specialty items
|High ($100 - $150)
|Standard precautions for handling bacterial cultures and bleach.
AbstractHow does your family thaw and cook meat? Have you ever wondered if it is the safest way? In this practical science project, you can find out and shed light on safe practices in the kitchen by investigating how many viable bacteria are present in samples of meat that have been thawed or cooked using different methods.
ObjectiveTo determine which method of defrosting meat is safest and which method of cooking kills the most bacteria.
Share your story with Science Buddies!Yes, I Did This Project! Please log in (or create a free account) to let us know how things went.
Andrew Olson, Ph.D., Science Buddies
This project is based on:
- Karney-Grobe, S.L., 2004. Meat That's Raw: How Do You Thaw? California State Science Fair Abstract. Retrieved September 12, 2006.
Cite This PageGeneral citation information is provided here. Be sure to check the formatting, including capitalization, for the method you are using and update your citation, as needed.
MLA Style
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Last edit date: 2020-07-08
Which is the safer way to thaw frozen meat: at room temperature or in the refrigerator? For cooking meat safely, is a microwave as good as a conventional oven?
One way to find out is to measure how many viable bacteria are present in samples of meat that have been thawed or cooked by the different methods mentioned above. How do you measure the number of viable bacteria? One way is to homogenize a sample of meat in a blender, dilute the sample, and then plate it on a bacterial culture plate. The plate is then incubated overnight (or longer), and visible colonies of bacteria are then counted. The goal is to dilute the sample sufficiently so that individual bacteria are separated from one another on the plate, meaning that each colony will have arisen from an individual bacteria—referred to as a colony forming unit or CFU.
Typical laboratory cultures have between 106 and 109 bacteria/mL, and for plating bacteria, you typically use a volume of 100 μL (which is the same as 0.1 mL). So if you simply took your sample straight from the culture, you'd expect to have between 105 and 108 (100,000 to 100,000,000) bacteria in your 100 μL sample. Obviously, you would end up with far too many colonies to count! In fact, the plate would be so densely covered that you wouldn't be able to distinguish individual colonies.
To get around this problem, the obvious solution is to dilute the sample. If you wanted to end up counting about 100 colonies per plate, then you'd need to dilute between 1,000– and 1,000,000-fold. It's not practical to make such large dilutions in a single step, so a good way to do this is by using serial dilutions. The diagram in Figure 1, below, illustrates the process. Each tube starts out with 9 mL of sterile water. 1 mL of the bacterial culture solution is added to the first tube, and mixed. This dilutes the bacterial solution by a factor of 10. Then, 1 mL of the solution from the first tube is removed, and added to the 9 mL of sterile water in the second tube. This is another 10-fold dilution, making a 100-fold dilution of the original solution.
A solution is diluted by 90% when 1 mililitre of a solution is added to a beaker that contains 9 mililitres of distilled water. This new beaker now contains 10% of the original solution. When this process is repeated 6 times, the initial solution is diluted by a factor of 1,000,000.
The serial dilutions are continued in a similar manner until the desired final dilution is achieved. In order to calculate how many bacteria were present in the original solution, you count colonies on the plate, and then multiply by the total dilution factor. You can see that it is important to make the volume measurements accurately and reproducibly for this process. Errors in measurement will cause errors in the bacterial count.
In this project, you'll see how you can apply this method to figure out how many viable bacteria there are in samples of meat that have been exposed to different thawing and cooking conditions.
Terms and Concepts
To do this project, you should do research that enables you to understand the following terms and concepts:
- colony forming unit (CFU),
- serial dilution.
- Why are the samples diluted so many times before plating them on agar?
- What are some potential sources for error in the bacterial counts in this experiment?
- What can you do to minimize those sources of error?
- For more advanced students, what can you do to estimate the size of the error in the bacterial counts? (See Variation 1, below.)
- The first part of this webpage describes the method used in this project for estimating the number of bacteria in samples. More advanced students can read the entire page and learn about chi-square curve-fitting:
Kirkman, T., date unknown. Chi-Square Curve Fitting, Department of Physics, College of St. Benedict & St. John's University. Retrieved September 14, 2006.
- This webpage has background information on bacterial growth. It is from an online textbook of bacteriology, which can be an excellent source of further information on bacteria:
Todar, K., 2002. Growth of Bacterial Populations, Todar's Online Textbook of Bacteriology, Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison. Retrieved September 14, 2006.
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Materials and Equipment
Note: If you are carrying out this experiment in a school laboratory, some of the materials and equipment listed below may be more readily accessible.
These items can be purchased from Carolina Biological Supply Company, a Science Buddies Approved Supplier:
- Thermometer for measuring the temperature of meat samples and the room temperature
- 10 mL graduated cylinder
- Sterile 15 mL test tubes (100)
- Tryptic soy agar plates (40)
- Glass spreader for spreading bacteria on agar plates
- Disposable gloves. Alternatively, these can be purchased at a local drug store or pharmacy. If you are allergic to latex, use vinyl or polyethylene gloves.
- Boneless, skinless meat, e.g., beef, chicken, or pork (2 lbs.)
- Knife
- Cutting board
- Ruler, metric
- Digital scale in grams, such as the Fast Weigh MS-500-BLK Digital Pocket Scale, 500 by 0.1 G available from Amazon.com
- Plastic wrap
- Aluminum foil
- Freezer
- Refrigerator
- Microwave oven
- Blender
- Sterile water (4 L)
- Standard oven
- Oven mitts
- 1 mL automatic pipettor with sterile tips
- 200 μL automatic pipettor with sterile tips
- Sterile, disposable 10 mL pipettes (10) with pipettor
- Bunsen burner
- Ethanol
- Optional: 37°C incubator for bacterial culture plates
- Permanent marker
- Stereo microscope
- Lab notebook
Disclaimer: Science Buddies participates in affiliate programs with Home Science Tools, Amazon.com, Carolina Biological, and Jameco Electronics. Proceeds from the affiliate programs help support Science Buddies, a 501(c)(3) public charity, and keep our resources free for everyone. Our top priority is student learning. If you have any comments (positive or negative) related to purchases you've made for science projects from recommendations on our site, please let us know. Write to us at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Experimental Procedure
For health and safety reasons, science fairs regulate what kinds of biological materials can be used in science fair projects. You should check with your science fair's Scientific Review Committee before starting this experiment to make sure your science fair project complies with all local rules. Many science fairs follow Intel® International Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF) regulations. For more information, visit these Science Buddies pages: Projects Involving Potentially Hazardous Biological Agents and Scientific Review Committee. You can also visit the webpage ISEF Rules & Guidelines directly.
Test 1 - Thawing Meat at Room Temperature vs. In Refrigerator
- Cut, measure, and weigh 14 pieces of meat (approx. 5 cm x 5 cm x 2 cm, about 65 g each).
- Set aside two pieces of meat for a baseline bacterial count.
- Do the bacterial counts as described in the "Measuring the Number of Bacteria Present in a Meat Sample" section below.
- Divide the remaining meat pieces into two equal piles, wrap each in plastic wrap & foil, and freeze (up to 14 days).
- Thaw one package of meat pieces at room temperature until the internal temperature of meat the reaches room temperature. Record how long this takes and the room temperature in your lab notebook.
- Create a data table in your lab notebook to record this data, and other data you collect, while doing your experiment.
- Thaw the other package of meat pieces in the refrigerator until soft. Record how long this takes and the temperature in your lab notebook.
- Measure the bacterial count for two samples from each condition.
- Do the bacterial counts as described in the "Measuring the Number of Bacteria Present in a Meat Sample" section, below.
Test 2 - Cooking Meat in Microwave
- Take two samples of meat thawed at room temperature and two samples thawed in the refrigerator and cook each of them separately in the microwave until the internal temperature of each meat sample reaches the recommended temperature: beef, 72°C; pork, 77°C; chicken, 85°C.
- Measure the bacterial counts of the cooked meat samples as described in the "Measuring the Number of Bacteria Present in a Meat Sample" section, below.
Test 3 - Cooking Meat in Standard Oven
- Take two samples of meat thawed at room temperature and two samples thawed in the refrigerator and cook them each separately using a standard oven heated to 190°C (375°F). Recommended cooking times are: beef, 20 min.; pork, 17 min.; chicken, 15 min.
- Measure the bacterial counts of the cooked meat samples as described in the "Measuring the Number of Bacteria Present in a Meat Sample" section, below.
Measuring the Number of Bacteria Present in a Meat Sample
- Puree a piece of meat (sample) in a sterilized blender with a small amount of sterile water (use the same amount of water each time).
- Note: To sterilize the blender, clean the jar and blade assembly with warm, soapy water and allow to dry. Wrap the blender jar and blade assembly only (not the base with the electric motor) in aluminum foil, and heat in an oven at 250°F for 30 minutes. Use oven mitts when removing it from the oven. Unwrap the foil just before use.
- Using sterile technique, do 10-fold serial dilutions (9–11 times) of the pureed meat sample and then plate a 100 μL sample. You will have to determine how many times to dilute. We suggest using the sterile pipettes, a sterile 10 mL graduated cylinder, and sterile 15 mL test tubes for preparing the dilutions, and then plating 100 uL of solution from each of the last three dilutions (on three separate tryptic soy agar plates) to see which dilution works best for counting colonies.
- Incubate the plates, inverted (agar on top), at 37°C, overnight or longer. Use a longer incubation time if necessary (for example, for incubation at lower temperature). Once you have determined the procedure (serial dilution and incubation time) that works best, stick with it for all of your counts.
- Divide the plate into 4 quadrants, and use the stereo microscope to count colonies in one quadrant. Multiply count by 4 to get total CFU/100 μL for the diluted sample. Then multiply by the total dilution factor to get CFU for each piece of pureed meat. You can then divide by the original weight of the meat to get CFU/g of meat.
Bacterial Safety
Bacteria are all around us in our daily lives and the vast majority of them are not harmful. However, for maximum safety, all bacterial cultures should always be treated as potential hazards. This means that proper handling, cleanup, and disposal are necessary. Below are a few important safety reminders.
- Keep your nose and mouth away from tubes, pipettes, or other tools that come in contact with bacterial cultures, in order to avoid ingesting or inhaling any bacteria.
- Make sure to wash your hands thoroughly after handling bacteria.
- Proper Disposal of Bacterial Cultures
- Bacterial cultures, plates, and disposables that are used to manipulate the bacteria should be soaked in a 10% bleach solution (1 part bleach to 9 parts water) for 1–2 hours.
- Use caution when handling the bleach, as it can ruin your clothes if spilled, and any disinfectant can be harmful if splashed in your eyes.
- After bleach treatment is completed, these items can be placed in your normal household garbage.
- Cleaning Your Work Area
- At the end of your experiment, use a disinfectant, such as 70% ethanol, a 10% bleach solution, or a commercial antibacterial kitchen/bath cleaning solution, to thoroughly clean any surfaces you have used.
- Be aware of the possible hazards of disinfectants and use them carefully.
If you like this project, you might enjoy exploring these related careers:
MicrobiologistMicroorganisms (bacteria, viruses, algae, and fungi) are the most common life-forms on Earth. They help us digest nutrients; make foods like yogurt, bread, and olives; and create antibiotics. Some microbes also cause diseases. Microbiologists study the growth, structure, development, and general characteristics of microorganisms to promote health, industry, and a basic understanding of cellular functions. Read more
Agricultural InspectorWho works to protect the public health from food-borne illnesses? Agricultural inspectors. Everyone needs to eat, and agricultural inspectors work to ensure the quality and safety of the food supply to determine if they are in compliance. They also inspect farms, businesses, and food-processing plants to determine if they are in compliance with government food regulations and laws. Read more
Food Science TechnicianGood taste, texture, quality, and safety are all very important in the food industry. Food science technicians test and catalog the physical and chemical properties of food to help ensure these aspects. Read more
- For a more advanced project, you should try to determine the reliability of your bacterial counts. One way to do this would be to repeat the counts multiple times (minimum of three replicates). Since the serial dilution process can introduce considerable error into the counts, you would need to do a separate serial dilution for each count. Then you can take the average of your counts, and the standard deviation will give you an estimate of your error.
- You could expand the experiment to include different types of meat. Are some types of meat more prone to contamination than others?
Share your story with Science Buddies!Yes, I Did This Project! Please log in (or create a free account) to let us know how things went.
Ask an ExpertThe Ask an Expert Forum is intended to be a place where students can go to find answers to science questions that they have been unable to find using other resources. If you have specific questions about your science fair project or science fair, our team of volunteer scientists can help. Our Experts won't do the work for you, but they will make suggestions, offer guidance, and help you troubleshoot.
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German metal queen Doro Pesch will release her new album, "Fear No Evil", on January 30, 2009 via AFM Records. The track listing for the CD is as follows:
01. Night Of The Warlock
02. Running From The Devil
03. Celebrate
04. Caught In A Battle
05. Herzblut
06. On The Run
07. Walking With The Angels
08. I Lay My Head
09. It Kills Me
10. Long Lost For Love
11. 25 Years
Bonus tracks (limited-edition digipack):
12. Wildfire
13. You Won My Love
14. Herzblut (CD-ROM Video)
Check out the cover artwork below.
Pesch released a new single, "Herzblut", on December 12 via AFM. It features four versions of the title track, each recorded in a different language.
"Herzblut" track listing:
01. Herzblut (Single Version)
02. Herzblut (Album Version)
03. A Fond Le Coeur - Herzblut (French)
04. Te Doy Mi Corazon - Herzblut (Spanish)
05. Eu Dou-Te O Meu Coração - Herzblut (Portuguese)
06. Share My Fate
Doro Pesch celebrated her 25-year career as the reigning queen of German heavy metal by performing a three-hour set on December 13, 2008 at the 20,000-capacity ISS Dome in Düsseldorf, Germany. HOLY MOSES, LEAVES EYES' and ARCH ENEMY opened the show and were followed by full set by DORO herself, which included guest appearances by Bobby "Blitz" Ellsworth (OVERKILL), Jean Beauvoir, GRAVE DIGGER's Chris Boltendahl and guitarist Axel Rudi Pell, former NIGHTWISH singer Tarja Turunen, SCORPIONS' Klaus Meine and Rudolf Schenker, as well as a host of other female vocalists, such as Liv Kristine (LEAVES' EYES), Floor Jansen (AFTER FOREVER), members of GIRLSCHOOL, Liv of SISTER SIN and Sabina Classen of HOLY MOSES.
A number of high-quality photos from the show can be found on Metal-Experience.com.


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Current City is Warangal
Do you want to post free ads and classifieds in Warangal?
india.classifiedindia.co.in Free Warangal Classifeds allows you to search and post Free Ads in Warangal. Posting ads on india.classifiedindia.co.in is simple, fast and very easy process without compulsory registration. Buy and sell anything locally in Warangal or promote your business across India. Rent property or hire services in Warangal on india.classifiedindia.co.in!
You can choose to post your ads and classifieds for Warangal in categories such as Automobiles and Vehicles for your auto classifieds, Community and Message boards for dealing locally in your community, Education and Learning for coaching classes and professional studies, For Sale category to Buy and Sell new and old items, Jobs category to search for IT, Media, BPO jobs in Warangal, Matrimonial to find the perfect Brides or Grooms, Real Estate and Rental for buying and selling or leasing of residential and commercial property, PG accommodation etc, Services and classes to find basic services and hobby classes in Warangal.Find and search everything advertised for sale at india.classifiedindia.co.in Warangal Classifieds. Well almost everything!


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Dee leads San Diego over Siena
BY foxsports • November 18, 2012
SAN DIEGO (AP) -- Johnny Dee scored 27 points and made four 3-pointers to lead San Diego to a 77-60 victory against Siena in a NUCDF Basketball Challenge contest on Sunday.
Ken Rancifer added 13 points and Cameron Miles 10 for the Toreros (3-2).
O.D. Anosike had 19 points and 13 rebounds and Rob Poole scored 12 points for the Saints (2-3).
Siena trailed 42-30 at halftime and was within striking distance with five minutes remaining, down nine. But buckets by Rancifer, Miles and Chris Anderson and two free throws by Dee comprised an 8-1 run that made the score 75-59 with 2:13 remaining.
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[This is a re-post of my review from the 2013 Sundance Film Festival. Stoker opens today in limited release. Click here to find out when the film will be playing near you.]
In Chan-wook Park's Stoker, the hunt is more rewarding than the kill. Park has beautifully crafted an unnerving, slow-burn mystery-thriller that delves into a bloodline destined to shed blood. In his English-language debut, Park takes his immaculate yet eerie style, and uses it to enhance a relatively simple tale of a disturbed girl who begins a bizarre and disturbing relationship with her recently-discovered uncle. Through Park's lens and the tremendous performances of stars Mia Wasikowska and Matthew Goode, Stoker may not cut deep, but it slashes hard.
India Stoker (Wasikowska) is a quiet, withdrawn teenager whose father (Dermot Mulroney) dies under suspicious circumstances on her 18th birthday. At the funeral, she meets his long-lost brother Charlie (Goode), who has apparently been traveling the world for all of India's life. Charlie decides to move into the Stoker estate, and become the proverbial man of the house, which appeals to India's neglected mother, Evie (Nicole Kidman), and piques India's curiosity. As her perverse relationship with Charlie develops, India transitions towards a violent and disturbing adulthood.
The world of Stoker is as fascinating as its lead characters. The Stokers seem to exist out of time as their costumes and home have appear to date back to the 1950s, but the story takes place in the present day. The family also spends their evenings having India play the piano for their entertainment rather than sitting in front of a screen. These trappings may not be subtle, but they're bewitching and beguiling nonetheless. Park knows he's dealing with incredibly strange characters, and the only way to keep the audience on board is to heighten the mood and the setting to match their macabre behavior.
India and Charlie's actions and relationships go to some creepy places, but Park and his actors keep the tone consistent so that even when events become deeply uncomfortable, we're never taken out of the picture. In one scene, uncle and niece do a special kind of bonding as they play the piano together. Through superb editing by Nicolas De Toth and gorgeous cinematography by Chung-hoon Chung, the scene comes alive as India and Charlie speak through the music (I'm not sure if it was an original piece or not, but it's worth noting Clint Mansell's luscious and foreboding score).
The success of this scene and the rest of the movie is also due in part to the performances of Wasikowska and Goode. Both actors possess piercing eyes that look right through people, and it's an essential trait for a film that revolves around characters who view the world as predator and prey (the story establishes early on that India's favorite hobby was bird hunting with her father). Both actors possess a disconnected quality that makes them creepy but never obvious or off-putting. They also have to convey deep, complicated emotions beneath cool exteriors. Wasikowska and Goode are absolutely captivating as two people who have lost almost all connection with humanity, but find kindred spirits in each other.
As seen in Park's previous films such as Oldboy and Lady Vengeance, the director has a talent for turning the morbid and disturbing into something operatic and strangely beautiful. However, those movies ultimately have more depth and nuance than Stoker, which does attempt to explore notions of predestination, inheritance, and neglect. Despite reaching at these themes, the subtext of the film is never as rich or as powerful as the technical craft that transforms Stoker into something far larger. Sadly, Park's direction is no match for where the story ultimately ends up, and the character's motives become murky rather than intriguingly ambiguous. It is an unfortunate yet strangely fitting conclusion for a movie where the art of the hunt is more seductive than the precision of the slaughter.
Rating: B


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We just launched the new Custom Belts section and I am super excited. Jeff and I have been talking about this for years but just brought in some new equipment that allows us to make the pricing competitive with other graphic belt companies, of which there are none.
Here's the breakdown on all the Custom Belt options:
1. Amateur: You have most of the art done or a folder of photos and designs you want to see on a belt. We help you to collage it and put it all together and make an amazing belt. If we have to spend more than 30 minutes working on your file there will be additional fees. $95 for the first belt and $65 for each additional belt. 1-3 weeks.
2. Professional: You are a very skilled artist who can speak the language of Photoshop, DPI, resolutions, and file formats. We will help you find the right sizing for your belt/canvas and you email us the final product. $65. 1-2 weeks.
3. A Custom Belt from Your Kids: Your kid drew a picture of a boat, which you thought as a spaceship. Either way you love and want to wear it to work as a reminder that there is life outside of your soul-sucking job. We send you a few sheets of art paper cut to the size of your belt and you have your kid draw something amazing on it... drawing, painting, finger painting, crayons, dirt, mud, etc. Send it back to us and we will turn it into a belt. Perfect for Father's Day, Mother's Day, or any holiday where you will pretend to be surprised when you open the package. Also works for adults. $75. 1-2 weeks.
4. 100% Custom Belt: We work with you directly to make an amazing storyline belt. The price is high but so is the time. Some of our storyline belts take as much as 100 hours to complete, that is about 2-3 weeks of being physically at your office job, adjusting for coffee breaks. $999.99 2-4 weeks.


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Monthly Archives: June 2010
Independence Day Holiday Hours
Library Public Services in HSEB 2080 will be closed July 4th and 5th. Independence Day 2010 Holiday Weekend Hours Friday, July 2: 7 am – 6 pm. Saturday, July 3: 9 am – 6 pm. Sunday, July 4: Closed Monday, July 5: Closed Other campus libraries: Marriott Library Hours Quinney Law Library Hours
Are your presentations accessible?
The Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) offers resources and support materials to "help understand and implement Web accessibility" worldwide. Their new article, "How to Make Presentations Accessible to All" is essential reading.
WY Symposium for Health Information Professionals
As a member of the National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM), Mid-Continental Region (MCR), the Eccles Health Sciences Library wants to announce the upcoming "Wyoming Symposium for Health Information Professionals" July 14-16, 2010. Health care providers, information professionals and members of the general public who are interested in health information literacy are encouraged to …Read More »
More new e-books
Another title in the ten new e-books purchased for our library is Cardiac Nursing by Susan L. Woods, with contributions by Erika S. Sivarajan and Sandra Adams Motzer. From the publisher's summary: A classic in the field of cardiac nursing, this well-recognized text and clinical reference has earned the reputation as "The Red Reference Book" …Read More »
Scopus Training Offered
Do you want to know how many times your article has been cited? Who is citing your work? Do you need to perform a topic search that includes a large number of journal titles (more titles than PubMed anyway)? Have you wondered about the relative prestige of scholarly sources? If so, Scopus is the database …Read More »
New eBooks!
We have recently purchased ten new eBook titles to add to the collection. The first is Alzheimer Disease and Other Dementias: A Practical Guide by Marc E. Agronin. This book is a concise resource on dementia subtypes, assessment, and treatment, as well as the psychiatric conditions often associated with it. As described on Amazon, it …Read More »
Free distance education resources
The National Library of Medicine has posted more than four hours of video presentations from MLA 2010 on its website — all for free! The MCR News blog offers a short list of the latest additions, and you can find the entire list on the NLM website under "Distance Education Program Resources." Check it out!


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I haven't been stretching myself too much culinary-wise recently. Cooking, which used to be a happy, lazy indulgence, has become rote. I found myself thinking not too long ago that there are a finite number of dishes which could be made. Almost immediately I realized how idiotic that sentiment is: it's like saying there are only seven notes so there's a finite number of compositions possible. My sentiment was driven more by the fact that I'd been making the same dishes week in and week out than any real truth. And one truth is: I've gotten lazy.
Time hasn't been in abundance of late and I wonder if my laziness to try something new, or my reluctance to really put my heart and soul into cooking anymore, is because I'm bored? Because it's easier to make the same dishes, the ones I know by heart, than to stretch myself with something else?
Oddly enough, where I have derived food joy is in reading cookbooks. And I'm always itching to try some of the fantastic recipes -- yet I don't. So this past weekend, I decided to reinvigorate myself and get back into the rhythm of my kitchen. I inventoried the fridge, the freezer(s) and the pantry, then went and consulted several of m cookbooks.
Martha Stewart has a new cookbook out. Martha Stewart's Dinner at Home is a collection of 52 complete menus -- appetizer, salad, entree and dessert, and divided by the seasons. I may have mixed feelings about her, but she has an extraordinary staff -- these are easy and outright tasty recipes.
Earlier this week we made the Chicken Marsala with Sage Polenta; a winning dish, very flavorful and very easy. Dinner tonight was Panfried Chicken and Lemon-Thyme Spoonbread (I elected to skip the wilted salad and raspberry dessert that accompanied the menu). I'm particularly appreciative of the fact that the recipes call for dark meat -- not just cheaper cuts but so much more flavorful!
Pug and Hoss both loved the panfried chicken although Hoss was much keener on the spoonbread than was Pug. I'm not quite sure how to feel about spoonbread, which is essentially a baked cornbread; it was moist, rich, and as the name suggests, spooned onto our plates. I loved the flavors but in some ways, the lemon-thyme notes lent more to dessert than to a savory side dish. I'd be curious to see how the spoonbread works as a dessert. The whole time I was eating, I kept thinking how lovely it'd go with vanilla ice cream.
I think maybe it's time to stop playing the same tune over and over just because I know it; and given the tomes lining the cookbook shelves, maybe it's time to learn an entire new repertoire; and somewhere in there, hopefully get my cooking (and blogging) groove back.


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"When it gets chilly out, all I want to do is eat stew. This braised veal with tomatoes and olives is delicious over wide egg noodles or papardelle and is pretty easy – once you've browned the meat and onions, you just throw everything in and let it simmer until it's fall-apart tender. It reheats beautifully and is even better the next day.
I make a gremolata (the chopped herb accompaniment of lemon zest, garlic and herbs traditionally for osso buco) and sprinkle it on top for a fresh, bright finish.
By Lisa Ades"
- 2 lbs stew veal
- 1 large onion, finely diced (about 2 cups)
- 3 cloves of garlic, minced
- 2 carrots, finely diced (about 1 cup)
- 3 stalks celery, finely diced (about 1 cup)
- 1/3 cup red wine
- 2 Tbl tomato paste
- 1 28 oz can crushed tomatoes
- canola oil
- salt and pepper
- bay leaf
- olives ½ cup sliced, green or black or a mixture
1) Dry the veal well with paper towels and brown on all sides in a little oil in batches. Don't overcrowd the meat or it will steam, not brown. A non-stick pan works well for this. Remove to a bowl.
2) Saute the minced onion, carrots, celery and 1 tsp. kosher salt and freshly ground black pepper in remaining fat (or add a little oil) until soft and translucent, about 5 minutes.
3) Add in tomato paste, minced garlic and red wine to the onion mixture, and sauté for a few minutes until the wine has reduced.
4) Add back in the browned veal, the crushed tomatoes and the bay leaf, and cover and simmer on a low heat for an hour to 1.5 hours, until the veal is very tender.
5) Season to taste with salt and pepper and serve with broad egg noodles or papardelle. Sprinkle the entire stew with the gremolata when serving if desired, or pass a small bowl with the gremolata separately.
• Zest of one lemon (about 1 tsp.; I use a microplane to zest the lemon, then chop it)
• 1 clove finely minced garlic
• 1 Tbl. minced fresh parsley, thyme or rosemary (I use a mixture of all 3)
Combine all ingredients and run a knife over all of it on a cutting board to mince further and blend.
Serves 4-6


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Eszter Szigethy of Hungary has won the Youth Prize in the Drop by Drop Ad Competition for her entry Save Earthlings.
The Youth Prize, for participants of 25 years old or under, is donated by Fabrica, the Benetton Group communication research centre.
The winner will be invited to an all-inclusive two week course at Fabrica with the possibility of a year long internship.
Mr. Omar Vulpinari, who chose the winner, said the Hungarian designer's contribution had won the award both for the concept and its execution.
"Eszter did a great job of symbolizing the holistic complexity of the theme. The composition that shows only one man in the middle of so many other different earthlings makes me really feel the shame and responsibility on our shoulders. At the same time the design execution is of great quality," Mr. Vulpinari told UNRIC.
In the introduction to her winning entry Szigethy wrote that as Noah protected the animals and plants with his ark, we should do the same.
"The water is our ark, because without it we can't exist. Therefore we have to save the most important element in our life."
The Drop by Drop - Future We Want Competition received 3,500 entries from 45 European countries.
The prize – the Nordic Council of Ministers Award - will be awarded to the overall winner of the competition at a ceremony in Copenhagen on World Environment Day by the Crown Prince of Denmark.
"Save your children" by Turkish graphic designer Toprak Onur won the public vote prize in which nearly 80,000 votes were cast.
The Drop by Drop Ad Competition was launched on 10 December 2011 by UNRIC, the UN Regional Information Centre in Brussels, in collaboration with UNEP, the UN Environment Programme and UN information offices in Europe with the support of the Nordic Council of Ministers.
In the competition Europeans were asked to create a newspaper ad that inspires others to preserve water now and for future generations.
The winning ad will be used as a public service announcement to be published in major European print media and other outlets.
Drop by Drop is a part of the United Nations Secretary-General's campaign the Future We Want in the run up to the UN's Conference on Sustainable Development Rio+20 in Rio de Janeiro in June this year.
The Brussels based United Nations Regional Information Centre for Western Europe - UNRIC provides information on UN activities to the countries of the region. It also provides liaison with institutions of the European Union in the field of information. Its outreach activities extend to all segments of society and joint campaigns, projects and events are organized with partners including the EU, governments, the media, NGOs, schools and local authorities.
United Nations Regional Information Centre for Western Europe (UNRIC Brussels)
Residence Palace, Rue de la Loi/Wetstraat 155, Block C2,7th and 8th floor, Brussels 1040, Belgium
Tel.: +32 2 788 8484 / Fax: 32 2 788 8485


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Note: This review originally appeared in the Illinois Entertainer.
Power pop fans have been anticipating a new CD from The Posies since the band began actively touring again last year, and Blood/Candy isn't likely to disappoint them. Founding members Jon Auer and Ken Stringfellow are at the top of their game here, and they've also expanded their repertoire. It's a safe assumption that Auer and Stringfellow didn't approach this project with any preconceived notions of what a Posies CD should sound like.
There are songs on Blood Candy, like "So Caroline," and "Notion 99," that fit the classic Posies mold, and they even hark back to their Dear 23 days with the Hollies-influenced "Cleopatra Street." But "Licenses To Hide" and "For The Ashes" sport more adventurous arrangements, and the orchestrated "Accidental Architecture" could have sprung from a Broadway musical. The Posies also toss in the acoustic "Holiday Hours" and the gorgeous but oddly named "Enewetak," which evokes Pet Sounds era Beach Boys.


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At the EHSL monthly "Topic du Jour" presentation today Kathleen Amos, our NLM Fellow, led a discussion about "Retraction of Biomedical Literature as Indexed in MEDLINE." Here is a brief summary of her interesting presentation's content:
"Over the past few years, the retraction of biomedical literature indexed in MEDLINE has been increasing. An exploratory study was conducted to characterize these retractions in terms of such elements as initiating factor, retracting body, and reason for retraction, and to identify potential trends in retraction over time. The results of this study will be presented. Findings focus on the retraction of standard published papers, but ahead-of-print publications will be addressed briefly as well."
Next month's presentation will be on "information architecture" and why it's important to library website design.