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[Page 245]
From my memory as a child I can envision a visit with my grandfather Reb Tzvi Ahronovitz of blessed memory and my grandmother Shaina Cheisaha of blessed memory. We traveled from the city of Baranovichi to the village of Sirotva next to Maytchet. We were welcomed at the railroad station in Maytchet with a horse and wagon. While my mother and her five children were in the wagon we could not wait to see the faces of our grandmother and grandfather.
We came for the holidays. It was late in the afternoon and we came to the place where they were excitedly waiting for us. Here they were, our grandfather with his beard and strong body like a farm worker. He joyfully welcomed us and took us into his house. And right in the entrance of my grandfather 's house we see a few Jews eating and drinking. We ask, "who is in the next room." Our grandfather explained to us that it is a mitzvah to help the poor and we have to do it all year round, not only on Purim. And he did this mitzvah not only in theory but also in practice. And this is
[Page 246]
what the rabbi in the cheder in the city taught the students in addition to learning the Torah. And here we see our grandfather performing the mitzvah in the full meaning of the word, as our forefather Abraham did. In his house he provides two rooms, one is for prayer. I remember how happy my grandfather was to have prayer in his house. We grandchildren always remember how joyful it was in the house of our grandfather at holiday time.
Grandfather was a misnagid. He likes to learn the Torah and it was deep in his heart. And the love of Eretz Yisrael, our nation of Israel, the Torah of Israel was embedded in his blood. He would always tell us that Eretz Yisrael was a very far place. Every child from childhood should wish that one of his days he will be able to live there. And we saw in his fact the sadness that he could not fulfill this. But he merited at least to see his daughter, my dear mother, with her children emigrate to Eretz Yisrael and this made him very happy. To watch her pack all her belongings and accompany her to the train to make aliyah to the Holy Land, I don't ever remember seeing a happier face. His love for Jews was unbounded. I think he fulfilled the saying of Rabbi Akivah that you should love your neighbor as yourself. Whenever he could help someone, it would make him very happy to do that. His love and learning of the Torah was unbounded.
His sons were sent to the Yeshiva to study Torah and the daughters married learned men. And my grandmother, she should rest in peace, she went to yeshivas to find for her daughters the best husbands. And nothing was spared to accomplish this task. This was the only house that all the daughters were married to scholars. Their daughter Michlah married one of the greatest scholars known as "The grandfather of Novogrudok." When he died she married again to the Rabbi from Dabrowice. The daughter Channa married Aaron Pinchuck and he was the head of the Yeshiva in Kletsk.
The daughter, Zipora, married a Rosh Yeshiva from Novogrudok. And the youngest son remained in the house to help all of them with their families. They all perished in the Holocaust. Another son, Rabbi Pesach Aronovitch was able to go to South Africa before the war. There he started a family and studied Torah. He passed away a number of years ago in Johannesburg from a heart attack.
Our mother Fruma Bracha, may she long live, she married our father Yitzchak Aaron Ha Levi Horowitz and he was a descendant of the Shiloh Kadosh. He was an important Chassid from Slonim. In Eretz Yisrael he whole-heartedly engaged in public works until the day of his death. He was an overseer of giving poor people loans interest free and he died the 4th day of Av 5729 in Kfar Saba, Israel.
[Page 247]
Some relatives of our dear mother also emigrated before the Holocaust. We children, who emigrated to Eretz Yisrael in the year 5694, were raised in the secular environment that permeated Kfar Saba. Nevertheless through the influence of our parents, we and our parent's grandchildren remained religious and followed the laws of the Torah. We had love for Eretz Yisrael and some of us served in the underground and the army. For the
Love of the land for our fellow Jews we served in the army and the underground. There is no doubt in my mind that through the influence of my parents and with G-d's help that the Torah should never cease from the lips of our children and descendants.
[Page 248]
Translated by Jerrold Landau Reb David-Hershel the son of Reb Leib, a splendid branch on the Novomiski family tree, was a scholarly Jew, a Hassid, and well educated. He would get up every night for chatzot[1], immerse in a mikva [ritual bath] prior to the prayers, etc. Since he excelled with his exceptional intelligence and his expertise in worldly affairs, the rabbi would include him in rabbinical judgments among disputing merchants. He would come himself before the rabbi with great modesty in order to avert a summons from the beadle, which would have an element of presumptuous.
He was a third generation, famous mohel [ritual circumcisor]. This was a holy tradition of service that he had received from his father and grandfather. He ran a leather goods store, from which he sustained his large family with comfort. As a maskil, he took an interest in modern sciences, especially physics. It was said that when he was lying on his sickbed, he debated a physical law regarding when ice would float on water. He managed to prove his point on the basis of words of Torah.
His wife Nechama-Dvora was known in town as a righteous woman, who was the helpmate of her husband in acts of charity and benevolence, in running a Jewish home immersed in Torah and tradition, and in educating her children to Torah and commandments in the best tradition of the Novomiski family, whose name was known in a praiseworthy fashion in Maytchet and other places. She died in 1918 of the typhus epidemic ,which spread after the First World War.
Reb-David Hershel and Nechama-Dvora had many children. They raised a righteous generation of seven children - five sons, and two daughters. They are as follows:
Avraham-Yosef was the eldest son, who was ordained as a rabbi at the age of 18. He studied shechita [ritual slaughter] and immigrated to Argentina. He raised a family there and works as a shochet. He visited Israel in 1965.
Meirim-Max is a journalist who also immigrated to Argentina. He visited his sister in Kfar Azor, Israel in 1966.
Yehoshua is a confectionary merchant who immigrated to Argentina, where he established his household and family.
Meir received a national Hebrew education in the Tarbut School. He lives in Argentina.
[Page 249]
Pua (Poya) studied in the Tarbut School and married a refugee from Germany. She perished in the Holocaust with her husband and their two children Chana and Feitel, along with our father and his second wife Esther-Rachel.
Sara is the writer of these lines in memory of her family. She married Aryeh Aharonovsky who came from Eretz Yisrael to visit his family in Mir. There, they met, got married in father's house, and traveled to Eretz Yisrael in 1935. They are among the first who settled the land in Kfar Azar. They established a home and ran a farm. They have a son and a daughter.
Sara Aharonovsky (nee Novomiski).
[Page 250]
Translated by Roslyn Sherman Greenberg
At the age of 17 she joined her brothers and sisters in America, where she worked days in a shop and at night she studied further in school. In her early years she wrote songs and short stories, but her works were not published until 1925 in the Free Workers Voice, New York. She authored a succession of pieces that were staged in Yiddish theaters in various countries since 1916.
Through the years she published songs, childrens' stories, in America in the following publications: Free Workers Voice, Yiddish Day Page, The Day, Morning Journal, Forward, The Future, The American, Childrens' Newspaper, Childrens' Journal, New Yorker Weekly, and others in New York; The Yiddish World, Philadelphia; The Yiddish Courier, Chicago; Canadian Eagle, Montreal; The Yiddish Journal Toronto, as well as in the Yiddish newspapers in South America.
In book form were printed: In the Struggle of Life, two volumes of stories with a prologue by Gershon Bader. Volume I, New York, 1943, 253 pp.; Volume 2, 1949, 287 pp. With reviews by S. Niger, Z. Shniourk M Vities, A. L. Baron, A Almi and Abraham Reisen. Of her 25 plays the following were performed on the stage: Victims of Love (1916); A Name after my Mother (1918); Open Your Eyes (1920); Before the Wedding (1924); Secrets from Every House (1926); For Parents' Mind (1927); Girl of my Heart (1930); Why Girls Run Away (staged by Ludwig Zatz in 1932); Hello, Molly (staged by Molly Picon
[Page 251]
in Argentina in 1932); The Lucky Widower (1964) performed in Israel. Ready to be published now are two volumes of prose, titled My Life in the Theater.
Until 1930 she worked in a dress shop. Later she supported herself through her plays that had been performed. She lived in New York. Her husband was Gershon Bader. Her descriptions of her childhood are fraught with idealism and with drama. (S. Niger) She portrays her old poor home faithfully and honestly. (Abraham Reisen). For a rich bibliography, see : Lexicon of the New Yiddish Literature, sixth volume, New York, 1965.
From top right: Wolf Rabinovitz, Chana Berman, Golda (Rabbi Belski's daughter), Moshe Leberman
Second row: Yaakov Ginzburg, David the son-in-law of the shochet, Baruch Roses (Razovski)
Sitting: David Volinski, Noach Goldstein
[Page 252]
By Tova Polonsky Shomroni
Translated by Amir Shomroni
My family has deep roots in Maytchet for many generations. My paternal grandmother Libe is the oldest member of my family that I can recall. She was blessed with many children and unfortunately became a widow at a comparatively young age. Only two of her many children remained in Maytchet; my father Avraham Polonsky and his sister Sara Melnikovsky; the remainder of the children emigrated to the New World. Their descendants have integrated themselves into the new life in America and in the summer of 1966 I visited them in their homes.
My father Avraham Polonsky was attracted to Mushe Edlin and not long after their meeting, they married. My mother Mushe was the daughter of Hinde and David Edlin, my maternal grandparents. My grandfather was a committed Jew and and a Torah scholar. From my birth both my maternal grandparents sheltered me and were intimately involved in my early upbringing offering wise consul. In my early years we lived together with them and although I do not remember exactly how long, I do remember I was attending school. My younger brother Pesach had difficulties distinguishing between an Aleph and a Bet when he started school and my grandfather would belittle him as he watched me trying to help him learn. Comments from my grandfather such as Er hot a farshtopte kop, zi haut a kop (he is thick headed and she has a good head). My memories of my maternal grandparents are vague because they unfortunately passed away when I was a child. My paternal grandmother Libe Polonsky lived a longer life and I was a married woman when she passed away.
The relationship between my immediate family and my aunts and uncles on both sides were strong. My maternal grandparents, Hinde and David Edlin, had seven children; four girls and three boys. Haya Perl, Sara Malke,, Hana Ida, my mother Mushe, Haim Yehoshua, Avraham Yitzhak and Yehuda (Yudil). My aunt Haya Perl emigrated to the U.S.A. and married Margolis. My aunt Hana Ida married Yehoshua (Yoshe) Polonsky who was my paternal uncle. They prospered in the U.S.A. and I am in close contact with their descendants. My aunt Sara Malka got married in Tiktin. Their son Yehezkel and daughter Shoshana live with their families in Israel near us; their other daughter live in the U.S.A. My uncle Haim Yehoshua settled in a shtetl near Warsaw. My uncle Yehuda (Yudel) emigrated to the U.S.A.
My uncle Avraham Yitzhak's journey from Maytchet was more twisted and he ended up living in Glasgow, Scotland where he became actively involved in the Jewish community.
[Page 253]
When I was a student at the Teacher's Seminary I lost contact with him and he died in 1930. 40 years later, with much research, my youngest son Amir succeeded in locating all of my uncle's six descendants, their children and grandchildren. They were living in the British Isles in various cities, including Glasgow, Edinburgh, and Manchester. I only had vague knowledge about them and they knew nothing about me. I was thrilled to discover first cousins and they were no less excited to find me, a cousin living in Israel!
|Avraham-Abba and his wife Mushe Polonsky
My father and mother were the loving parents of seven boys and girls. Their first born was my elder sister Freidl. While she was still in diapers, my brother Moshe Haim was born. Not too long after his birth, the cries of my brother Yehezkel filled their home. It did not take long for my parents to be blessed once again with my birth and they named me Tova. Along came another brother, Pesach followed by my youngest sister Peshe and then David who was the last child to be born. In our house on Beit Olam Gass (the Cemetery Road) all seven of the children, mom, dad, grandma and grandpa Edlin and later on my grandma Libe.
In 1928 I was studying in Vilnius where I had completed my first year of studies in the Dr. Tcherno Hebrew Teacher's Seminary. I received the news of my father's death and returned to Maytchet. My mother was left a widow with four children who were still living at home. My older sister Freidl had already married
[Page 254]
and my brother Moshe Haim was living in Argentina. Because of difficult circumstances at home it was agreed that my brother Pesach would emigrate to Argentina to join Moshe Haim. I would return to Vilnius to complete my studies and Peshe and David would remain at home with our mother. For some unknown reason Pesach's departure to Argentina was delayed and the ship he was supposed to be on sunk in the Atlantic Ocean. He eventually made his way to Argentina, married and raised a family. In 1965, after many years of separation, we had a reunion in Israel; two years later I visited the family in Argentina.
After my father's death life was very difficult for my mother. I completed my studies in Vilnius and in 1936 I made aliyah to British Mandate Palestine with my late husband Yehoshua Shomroni (of blessed memory). Our son Shmulik was born in 1939 and when he was 6 months old, at the request of my mother, I mailed her some of his curls and tiny cut fingernails. After the war our neighbor in Maytchet, Freidl Margolin, who now lives in Kibbutz Negba in Israel, told me that my mother died from a disease and was buried in the Jewish Cemetery in Maytchet. I never will know if my mother received the package I sent her.
Yehezkel and his wife Menuha (nee Mordokovich), and their daughters, Esther, Sarah., Dvora, Freidel and her husband Israel Moshe Izralevich, Reizelle and Asnale, their daughters and their son Issar, Peshe and her husband and my brother David who was still a young boy, were all murdered, holy and pure. May the Lord revenge their blood.
Oh Maytchet, a little piece of land, forgotten by G-d, on the highway between Baranovichy and Lida, in between the windings of the Molchadka River and the Blotes (Swamps). A shtetl bustling with Jewish life and activities; what has remained of you? A foaming grave in the Chaboynik or perhaps only a holy memory that urges us to praise you on the leaves of the Memorial Book.
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text:
In biology, altricial species are those in which the young are incapable of moving around on their own soon after hatching or being born.
The word is derived from the Latin root alere, meaning "to nurse, to rear, or to nourish" and indicates the need for young to be fed and taken care of for a long duration.[1] By contrast, species whose young are immediately or quickly mobile are called precocial.
In bird and mammal biology, altricial species are those species whose newly hatched or born young are relatively immobile, lack hair or down, are not able to obtain food on their own, and must be cared for by adults; closed eyes are common, though not ubiquitous. Altricial young are born helpless and require care for a length of time. Altricial birds include herons, hawks, woodpeckers, owls, cuckoos and most passerines. Among mammals, marsupials and most rodents are altricial. Domestic cats, dogs, and humans are some of the best-known altricial organisms.[2] For example, newborn domestic cats cannot see, hear, maintain their own body temperature, or gag, and require external stimulation to defecate and urinate.[3] The giant panda is notably the largest placental mammal to have altricial, hairless young upon birth. The larvae of some insects and other invertebrates such as scorpions may be considered altricial as well. In particular, the larvae of eusocial insects such as ants, bees, and wasps are immobile and helpless grubs that are completely dependent on the workers tending to them.
At the opposite end of the spectrum are precocial animals in which the young have open eyes, have hair or down, have large brains, and are immediately mobile and somewhat able to flee from, or defend themselves against, predators. For example, with ground-nesting birds such as ducks or turkeys, the young are ready to leave the nest in one or two days. Among mammals, most ungulates are precocial, being able to walk almost immediately after birth. Beyond the precocial are the superprecocial animals, such as the megapode birds, which hatch with full flight feathers.[4]
Different animals employ different precocial and altricial strategies; there is no clear distinction between the two states, and a wide range of intermediate states.[1] The ability of the parents to obtain nutrition and contribute to the pre-natal and post-natal development of their young appears to be associated.
Precocial birds are able to provide protein-rich eggs and thus their young hatch in the fledgling stage – able to protect themselves from predators and the females have less post-natal involvement. Altricial birds are less able to contribute nutrients in the pre-natal stage; their eggs are smaller and their young still in need of much attention and protection from predators. This may be related to r/K selection; however, this association fails with a number of cases.[5]
In birds, altricial young usually grow faster than precocial young. This is hypothesized to occur so that exposure to predators during the nestling stage of development can be minimized.[6]
In the case of mammals it has been suggested that large adult body sizes favor production of large, precocious young, which develop with a long gestation period. Large young may be associated with long lifespan, extended reproductive period, and reduced litter size. It has been suggested that altricial strategies in mammals may be favoured if there is a selective advantage to mothers that are capable of resorbing embryos in early stages of development.[7] Some ecological niches require young to be precocial for survival, such as cetaceans: restricted to water, and immobile, their helpless young would quickly drown.
In birds, the terms Aves altrices and Aves precoces was introduced by Carl Jakob Sundevall (1836) and the terms nidifugous and nidicolous by Lorenz Oken in 1816. The two classifications were considered identical in early times, but the meanings are slightly different, in that "altricial" and "precocial" refer to developmental stage, while "nidifugous" and "nidicolous" refer to leaving or staying at the nest.[5]
The two strategies result in different brain sizes of the newborns compared to adults. Precocial animals' brains are large at birth relative to their body size, hence their ability to fend for themselves. However, as adults, their brains are not much bigger or more able. Altricial animals' brains are relatively small at birth, thus their need for care and protection, but their brains continue to grow. As adults, altricial animals end up with comparatively larger brains than their precocial counterparts. Thus the altricial species have a wider skill set at maturity.[1]
See alsoEdit
- ^ a b c Ehrlich, Paul (1988). The Birder's Handbook. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-65989-8.[page needed]
- ^ Arterberry, Martha E. (2000). The Cradle of Knowledge. Development of Perception in Infancy. Cambridge: MIT Press. p. 27. ISBN 9780262611527.
- ^ Hannah Shaw. "Determining a Kitten's Age".
- ^ Starck, J.M.; Ricklefs, R.E. (1998). Avian Growth and Development. Evolution within the altricial precocial spectrum. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-510608-3.
- ^ a b Starck, J. (1998). Avian Growth and Development. Oxford Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-510608-3.[page needed]
- ^ Kahl, M. Philip (1962). "Bioenergetics of growth in nestling wood storks". The Condor. 64 (3): 169–183. doi:10.2307/1365200. ISSN 0010-5422.
- ^ Eisenberg, John (1981). The Mammalian Radiations. London: Athlone Press. ISBN 0-485-30008-7.[page needed]

subset: commoncrawl


text:
"Genius is not a possession of the limited few, but exists in some degree in everyone. Where there is natural growth, a full and free play of faculties, genius will manifest itself." — Robert Henri
I have always been a fan of Walt Disney. Not just of his animated films but of a certain image I have of the man himself. It's not the dictatorial egomaniac that some biographers have depicted but the gentle, welcoming character who appeared at the beginning of each episode of the Wonderful World of Disney — small moustache, grey gabardine suit, warm smile, standing in his book-lined office.
When I flew home from LA for the weekend, I decided to re-screen one of my favorite videotapes for an infusion of inspiration. It's an episode of the Disney show that I Tivo-ed a couple of years ago in which Walt answers letters from art students seeking direction in life. His advice to them is to read a book called "The Art Spirit" by Robert Henri. Henri was a painter and art teacher in the early part of the twentieth century, a terrifically inspiring guy who taught the generation of American realists that emerged in the 20s; people like Edward Hopper and Stuart Davis and John Sloan and Rockwell Kent, many of whom I like a lot. He encouraged his students to paint what they saw around them, urban scenes of everyday life — gritty, bold, and true. Henri's students collected their noted from his lectures and assembled them into The Art Spirit and it has been a valuable guide for artists ever since, full of observations and ideas that are accessible and encouraging.
One of Walt's correspondents asks him how he can develop style and Disney responds via Henri, with something like, "Don't worry about your originality. You couldn't get rid of it even if you wanted to. It will stick with you and show up for better or worse in spite of all you or anyone else can do." To demonstrate how individual vision is really at the heart of style, he takes four animators form his studio, men who by day are paid to subvert their individuality in the service of creating a unified look for Disney movies and films them, of a Sunday, painting a tree. Each has his own way of painting, but more importantly his own way of seeing. One describes the tree in terms of architecture, like a solidly engineered structure on the landscape. He paints the tree as if it were made of steel pylons. Another artist is fascinated by the movement of the tree's bark and studies the surface textures in detail. A third sees the tree's relationship to the sky behind it and studies the negative space of the branches. A fourth observes the entire tree as unified shape and works on its relationship to the rectangle of his canvas.
Then we see how each artists interprets his vision in different ways through his materials. One paints of a big slab of plywood thrown down on a rock, painting with long brushes in a muscular way. Another draws in charcoal and then fills in with casein. When the paintings are done, they are juxtaposed and we can really see the varieties of worldviews in the four men. Even though they are talented artists, the real lesson comes from their willingness to put their own characters in their work.
It's all shot in muddy black and white, typical old TV images, and the painters are not fine artists showing in NY galleries, just modestly paid artisans working for the Man. But the little film demystifies the process of art making in a wonderful way. It's also a reminder of how the world has changed. Hard to imagine these days prime time Sunday night TV being devoted to something as ethereal as this. And the Disney Company, marred by well-publicized corporate battles and an surfeit of marketing and promotion, seems pretty far removed from the gentle art lesson on this show.
If you can, Tivo the Wonderful World of Disney, and see if you stumble on this gem. Or pickup a copy of The Art Spirit and be directly inspired by a great teacher. Try to keep in mind the wisdom of this thought from Robert Henri: "The object isn't to make art, it's to be in that wonderful state which makes art inevitable."
— Written in a rental car in a rainy parking lot by the Rose Bowl, a few miles from the Walt Disney studios.


text:
Biology alumni and faculty present at national conference
July 09, 2012
A team of alumni and faculty from Lewis & Clark will present their research at the annual meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA) in August. Katherine Fiedler BA '11, Logan Higgins BA '11, Laura Bogar BA '12, Assistant Professor of Biology Peter Kennedy, and Postdoctoral Researcher Jennifer Walker will present their posters and oral presentations throughout the weeklong meeting.
Following her graduation, Higgins presented her senior thesis at the American Society of Microbiology in New Orleans with help from a Council for Undergraduate Research grant. At the ESA meeting, Higgins will give a presentation about her current research surrounding continental distribution of plant-microbes, such as fungi and bacteria, in the Pacific Northwest and beyond.
Fiedler will present her senior thesis at the meeting. Her research delves into arachnid community reassembly following the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. To complete her research, Fiedler collected more than 16,000 arachnid specimens.
Bogar will also present her senior thesis, which investigates the influence of host phylogeny on different fungal assemblages. Her research tracks the taxonomy of specific fungi.
Kennedy, whose research on fungi has earned him National Science Foundation grants and a prestigious Martin-Baker Award, will present on colonization and competition in fungal communities. His research is closely tied to that of postgraduate researcher Jennifer Walker. The two will present on their research surrounding mycorrhizae fungi.
Kennedy and his students aim to answer questions both basic and complex about fungi both regionally and beyond. In 2010, Kennedy's Fulbright Fellowship took him to the forests of Mexico to research mycorrihizal symbiosis.
Read more about Kennedy's research.
Zibby Pillote '14 contributed to this story.


text:
Carlton Blues FOF Adults Textured Scarf
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Drape yourself in your AFL team colours this winter, with this Carlton Blues FOF Textured Scarf. Featuring a warm merino wool construction, the striped team colours proudly display your loyalty to the team during every mark, major and match-up. Complete with an embossed woven leather badge featuring the club logo, keep your colours on-top with this Carlton Blues FOF Textured Scarf.


text:
Ultrasound, Primary Trauma Care Training, Leadership, and Mental Health Training for healthcare professionals in UXO affected areas in the Lao PDR.
This is ongoing Continuing Medical Education(CME) training provided by the Seattle based NGO - Health Leadership International for Lao PDR health providers which is funded by a 3-year grant from US Department of State.
Active Dates
07/01/2016 to 06/30/2020
Faculty Involved
Health Topics


text:
In 1687, Hans Sloane, the Irish born collector, antiquarian, and botanist, traveled to Jamaica as the personal physician of the newly appointed Governor of Jamaica.
|Hans Sloane: 1660-1753
Sadly, the Governor died the following year and Dr. Sloane, bereft of his noble patron and probably eager to dodge suspicions of medical malpractice, traveled around the West Indies for the next 15 months. In 1707 he finally published a compendium of his observations about these distant English colonies, entitled A Voyage to the Islands Madera, Barbados, Nieves, St. Christopher's and Jamaica.
Many scholars have shared my fascination with Sloane's book, and have analyzed everything from his attitudes towards slavery to his meticulous, semi-obsessive collections of insects and plant specimens.[1] (Sloane was pretty much the quintessential early modern hoarder. Yet unlike the people portrayed on A&E, his bizarre and compendious collection of curiosities eventually became the British museum.)
|A 17th Century Map of Jamaica
My interest in Hans Sloane is slightly different. I'm interested in what kinds of food Sloane encountered during his time in Jamaica and how these foods informed his impressions of the people he met there.[2] At first glance, Sloane didn't seem terribly pleased with what he saw (or tasted). Take basic English staples: beef and veal. Not only were these products terribly overpriced (due to the fact that meat rotted in a matter of hours under the oppressive Jamaican sun – meat markets were usually sold out by 7am) but English imports often tasted terrible to begin with. This, Sloane surmised, had to do with the Calabash Tree Leaves that grew everywhere in Jamaica, which infected cow's kidneys and milk to the extent that "Everything made of Milk tasts … so strong of it that there is no using with pleasure any thing made therewith."[3]
Neither could Sloane stand the cassava bread, so dry that it had to be dipped in sugar-water to be palatable at all. (Sloane did acknowledge, nevertheless, that it kept men healthy in spite its insipid taste.) The black slaves, cattle and poultry happily fed on maize (Indian Corn) but Sloane had qualms about its suitability for Europeans.
|Sloane wasn't a big fan of cassava bread
He called it "rank and poisonous"
So alien were these Jamaican foods, so distasteful were they to the European palate, that Sloane began to ponder the very definition of food in the first place. After all, Sloane surmised, there was no hard and fast rule separating "food" from "non-food." What was unique about mankind, Sloane reasoned, was his ability to extract nourishment from pretty much anything. Good to keep in mind during a famine, "should it please God to inflict the like Calamity." Thankfully, God had also equipped man with the tools needed to deal with such situations –– teeth, spittle, digestive fluids –– enabling men to extract nourishment from nearly anything. "[T]hough Stalks and Leaves afford no great Nourishment," Sloane confessed, "they have sometimes kept many from starving." Indeed, Sloane points out, the hungry will even eat inanimate objects such as shoes and belts "soak'd and eaten" when man found himself in dire straits.
Even though the dietary divisions between man and beast collapsed under threat of hunger, Sloane didn't see anything cruel or unjust about this inevitable state of nature.[4] "All these several differing Bodies; which, when no other are at hand, must be the Food of Mankind in the places where they are produced," he wrote, "are … digested by the Artifice of Nature into good Sustenance to repair its Losses, and propagate its Kind." To the contrary, man's ability to turn non-food into food was knowledge worth learning and passing on to future generations.[5]
But necessity alone does not determine one's taste preferences. [H]owever strange to us," Sloane continues, strange and un-food-like foods "are very greedily sought after by those us'd to them. Thus Person not us'd to eat Whales, Squirrils, or Elephants, would think them a strange Dish; yet those us'd to them, prefer them to other Victuals."
|Sloane noticed raccoon-meat for sale in Jamaica
Ralph Beilby, A General History of Quadrupeds (1790)
Why, Dr. Sloane wonders, do people willingly eat foods that taste disgusting? As Sloane wandered the towns, markets, and plantations of Jamaica, he recoiled at the sight of snakes and lizards relished by polite and supposedly "understanding" people "with a very good and nice Palate." Rats and raccoons –– bred among the sugarcanes to sweeten their meat –– were sold in local markets as good meat. His Jamaican observations sent Sloane straight to his gigantic English library, where he found many instances of gross-out foods consumed throughout history.
–– Ancient Greek grasshoppers "eat like shrimps."
–– Peoples of the East Indies dining on bird's nests
–– Hottentots enjoying the guts of cattle and sheep
While 17th century scientific literature often attributed racial and cultural differences to the distinct climates of foreign lands, taste-preferences could not be explained this way. The American Indians, displaced African slaves, as well as the ancient Romans apparently considered Cossi (Cotton Tree Worms) "so great a dainty" in spite of their distinct cultures and geographical origins.
But neither were new tastes so quickly learned. Slaves from the East Indies were less desirable to plantation owners than the Jamaican born Creoles, Sloane pointed out, as the former arrived in Jamaica with a taste for meat and fish as opposed to a cheaper diet of yams, plantains, and potatoes.
Are we in fact what we eat? It's a well-worn adage, but Dr. Sloane didn't seem to think so. In fact, precisely because the definition of food was so malleable, Sloane concluded that one's dietary preferences should not be a pretext to classify, categorize and enslave other peoples.[6] The Spanish very unjustly enslaved the Aztecs because "the Indians … eat Piojos [lice], and Gusanos [larva], and intoxicated themselves with their kinds of wines … and the smoak of tobacco:" incredibly flimsy justifications for extermination. Sloane did not know how to explain the acclimation and habituation of taste preferences, but he knew that they did not conform to one's moral or cosmological worth. Indeed, several scholars have pointed out that early modern conceptions of identity, such as race and gender, were far more fluid and mutable than we now believe them to be.[7] Where does the sense of taste fit into the discussion?
[1] See, for example, Kay Kriz's Curiosities, Commodities, and Transplanted Bodies in Hans Sloane's 'Natural History of Jamaica' in The William and Mary Quarterly, Third Series, Vol. 57, No. 1 (Jan., 2000), pp. 35-78 and James Delbuorgo, "Sir Hans Sloane's Milk Chocolate and the Whole History of Cacao" Social Text (2011) 29:1:106 pp. 71-101. Sloane is often credited with the invention of chocolate milk, althought the "Sloane Brand" was actually invented in the 1750s.
[2] I share this curiosity with the high Tory satirist William King, who published a satirical send-up of Sloane's interest in Jamaican food, entitled "Concerning several sorts of odd dishes used by epicures and nice eaters throughout the world" in Useful Transactions (London, 1700).
[3] The Calabash plant was even rumored to kill horses by the fruit "sticking so fast to their teeth that they are not able to open their Chaps to feed."
[4] My favorite book about early modern famine is unquestionably Piero Camporesi's Bread of Dreams: Food and Fantasy in Early Modern Europe (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989) orig. 1980. But while Camporesi focuses on the divisions between the fed and the hungry, emphasizing the latter's wretched, drugged-out, state –– bran, for example, "soaked in hot water and formed into a bran mash for the pig-men, so reduced to wallowing as to resemble snuffling animals" (38) –– Sloane focuses on famine as a natural calamity that men should learn to deal with their reason and ingenuity.
[5] Sloane cites some well known "famine guides," such as Joachimus Struppius's Anchora Famis (1578) that advises making bread out of almonds, hazelnuts, and pine-kernels, as well as the work of the Bolognese cleric Giovanni Battista Segni, who documented instances of cannibalism in his work (1602). talks about veg and animal productions made use of in times of famine – "most attentive and sensitive treatise writers on hunger and its excesses" -
[6] Lest we be too hasty with the praise of Dr. Sloane as an enlightened cosmopolite, I should point out that he married a Jamaican planter heiress and owned slaves. Just sayin!'
[7] See Dror Wahrman, The Making of the Modern Self: Identity and Culture in Eighteenth Century England (New Haven, Yale University Press, 2004) and Roxann Wheeler, The Complexion of Race: Categories of Difference in Eighteenth Century British Culture (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000).
[7] See Dror Wahrman, The Making of the Modern Self: Identity and Culture in Eighteenth Century England (New Haven, Yale University Press, 2004) and Roxann Wheeler, The Complexion of Race: Categories of Difference in Eighteenth Century British Culture (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000).


text:
A postcard from
a German village
by Jeff
Few people driving
along Highway 63 in central Missouri are not impressed with picturesque
Westphalia situated on a high hill above the surrounding valleys and
the Maries River.
The scene is
dominated by the towering steeple of St. Joseph Catholic Church. The
steeple was added to the 1848 church 35 years later.
The church became known as the Pearl of Osage County after a poem was
written about its beauty.
New Westphalia was founded by Father Ferdinand Helias who came to central
Missouri in 1838 and subsequently founded several churches in the area
to serve a large population of German settlers.
The settlers
came to Missouri from a district in northern German known as Westphalia.
Later the New was dropped from the name to shorten it.
The Pearl of Osage County was remodeled in 1905, according to the churchs
history, when parishioners realized the ceiling of their church was
lower than the ceiling of the church built by the Bavarian parish at
nearby Rich Fountain.
Ceilings were raised by adding a framework of wood covered with sheet
metal and a second balcony was added.


text:
This page contains the Qubo Hermes Stock Rom firmware Flash File files that will allow you to restore your Qubo Hermes device back to its original factory state. you can also use the file to upgrade your phone to the latest version. You will find these below files useful if you have used the flashed custom builds on your device, brick your device, tweak your device and wish to return that device to its factory state.
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text:
Yes folks it's summertime, and it's time for some true Photoshop Madness . . . most of these are good, one is very, very good, and a couple are so long your butt will grow to the chair before you finish. Everybody and his brother and all of his cousins are doing Photoshop tutorials these days, it's just real difficult to find the good ones! Let's try :
[_] Create a Surreal "Parting of the Sea" Photo Manipulation
[_] Photoshop Tutorial: Create an Amazing Summer Flyer Design
[_] Create an Ice Cream Type Treatment in Photoshop
[_] Create a Beautifully Designed 3D Starfish Icon
[_] Create a Simple Holiday Postcard in Photoshop
[_] Nathan Brown : People Say We Monkee Around
[_] Photoshop : Adding a warm summer glow
. . . and MORE
Create a Simple Holiday Postcard in Photoshop- using the Clipping Mask, Warp Tool, and other Text Effects!
This is the post card you always wanted to create. Testament that everyone and his brother wants to publish Photoshop tutorials ... this one from Overnight Prints.
A sun-filled picture postcard, perfect for summer promotions! Create a Simple Holiday Postcard in Photoshop- using the Clipping Mask, Warp Tool, and other Text Effects!
Full story : Oernight Prints
Here's another angle: screen shot
Create a Surreal "Parting of the Sea" Photo Manipulation
This is one of those rediculous tutorials that goes on and on and on, beyond the scope of reasonible tutorials. But it's fun and the end results are rather remarkable. The author writes:
Water, by its very nature is difficult to convincingly incorporate into a composition. In this tutorial, you will discover how to combine advanced masking techniques, blending modes, adjustment layers and clever use of filters to part the sea and create a surreal photo manipulation.
Full story : design.tutsplus.com
Here's another angle: screen shot
Create an Ice Cream Type Treatment in Photoshop
It's funny to see how simple objects can inspire creative type treatments. In the past I've played with plates, paper and wood.
From an Italian Photoshop user named Sebastiano
Full story : wegraphics.net
Here's another angle: screen shot
NEXT : Continues on the next page with : 3D Starfish Icon, the Graphic Monkey and more
... continues on the next page!


text:
Becky Raymond will be organizing a discussion group focused on the book Women Hold Up Half The Sky, Turning Oppression Into Opportunity For Women Worldwide.
The book is a series of stories of extraordinary women that show that the most effective way to fight global poverty is to unleash the potential of women. It also discusses ways to take action. This is as an opportunity to read, discuss, and coalesce around advocacy and some kind of individual or group RPCV action, if we choose. Becky envisions meeting once a month for 4-5 months and having the first meeting at my house in Averill Park, in November (unless someone in Albany wants to host it). Future meetings will take place at a more central location.
If you are interested in being part of this RPCV book group (men and women) please email me at email@example.com with the evenings of the week that work best for you. We could also consider meeting on Sunday afternoons.
Link to Half the Sky's YouTube channel: http://www.youtube.com/user/HalfSkyMovement/featured


text:
New Handmade Genuine Crocodile Leather - Women Handbag #T127
Product detail
Product Detail :
- SIZE : 32 x 26.5 x 13.5 cm
- COLOR : RED (contact me for more color)
- MATERIAL : Made from Genuine Crocodile Hornback Leather/Skin
- CONDITION : 100% Brand New handmade
- Item will take 5-7 making days.
Custom size or color please contact me for all size type.
If you buy more items, please contact us to receive a discount on sale and fee shipping .
* Every product is different can see on the surface of the skin. Please read full description and image detail exactly item for sale.
* This product made from real CROCODILE leather on surface Product. Don't buy it if you don't read detail description and unknowledge about real CROCODILE leather, We don't want some mistake when purchase affect to us business or wrong feedback.
Please note : shipping time to USA 25-30 days and 25-40 days to other country, Brazil and Canada take about 30-60 days. Usual delivery time may be increased because of global holidays or carrier policy changes. Don't order if you can't wait.


text:
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If you are a list owner for a consumer, business, nonprofit or other organization wondering how to monetize your customer or donor database, Infogroup Media Solutions can help generate revenue for your company. Your most valuable asset is your customer file. We will help you discover untapped revenue streams by monetizing this asset in a carefully managed process that protects your customer relationships and data while generating revenue for you.
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text:
Twitter has big Super Bowl Sunday
The 49ers may have come up short in Super Bowl XLVII, but another San Francisco entity came out a big winner Sunday: Twitter.
Various postgame breakdowns on social-media use during Sunday's big event showed Twitter has become the outlet of choice for viewers who increasingly use their mobile phones, tablets, laptops and desktops as secondary screens to multitask while they watch live televised events.
Also, Super Bowl advertisers this year heavily favored posting Twitter hashtags over links to Facebook pages during commercials aired during the game - not an insignificant trend considering that 30-second spots cost up to $4 million each.
"It shows that Twitter has truly established itself as the epicenter of social TV activity and that social activity is on the rise," said Sean Casey, founder of SocialGuide, a social TV measurement and analytics service that is part of NM Incite, a joint venture between ratings service Nielsen and consulting firm McKinsey.
There was almost as much Twitter activity during the Baltimore Ravens' 34-31 victory over the 49ers as there was during all three presidential debates combined, according to NM Incite. The most popular hashtags went with "SuperBowl," "Ravens," "SB47," "49ers" and, not surprisingly, "Beyonce."
Seizing opportunity
"When it comes to second-screen advertising, it's Twitter's world now, and there's no close second place," Matt McGee, editor in chief of industry news site Marketing Land, wrote in a company blog. "Last year, brands split their focus on Twitter and Facebook with eight mentions each. This year, brands recognize that Twitter is where they need to try to attract the online conversation around one of the world's biggest events."
And that included some on-the-spot advertising audibles.
For example, the social-media team employed by cookie maker Oreo, which had already aired a TV spot, moved quickly to take advantage of the 34-minute lull caused by the power failure at the Superdome.
Before the lights came back on, the Oreo team tweeted, "Power outage. No problem," with a link to a cookie photo that read, "You can still dunk in the dark."
That message has been retweeted more than 15,000 times, and the total is closer to 26,000 counting the number of Twitter members who quoted the tweet and added their own comments, according to an analysis by San Francisco's Salesforce.com.
Meanwhile, apparel maker Calvin Klein, which was already trending on Twitter after titillating audiences with a spot featuring a sexy male model wearing its underwear, used Twitter's new Vine video service to tweet a short clip of a man working on his already well-formed six-pack abs.
The place to go
Overall, Salesforce said Twitter was the social platform of choice for those using second screens. Altogether, it said, there were more than 25 million game-related social-media posts across various platforms, including Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, LinkedIn, blogs and forums.
The number peaked at 5 million in the hour after the game, which by itself came close to the total of 6.6 million posts that Salesforce recorded during all of last year's Super Bowl.
Salesforce's numbers may appear confusing, considering that Twitter itself said it counted 24.1 million game-related tweets, surpassing its total from the 2012 game by the start of the second half. And that did not include tweets about TV commercials.
But Salesforce's numbers measured only publicly available posts, which would exclude private Twitter posts and many Facebook posts that members set to be viewed only by networks of "friends" or "friends of friends."
Facebook did say the Super Bowl generated the second-largest volume of posts in one day this year, just behind New Year's Day, but the Menlo Park company did not divulge specifics. It did offer one number: Niners head coach Jim Harbaugh received 98 percent more mentions than his brother, Ravens head coach John Harbaugh.
Twitter said the heaviest volume of tweets was about non-football events - Beyoncé's halftime extravaganza, which included an on-stage reunion with her former Destiny's Child mates that generated a peak 257,500 tweets per minute - and the power outage.
Retiring Ravens linebacker Ray Lewis was also a popular subject, both on Twitter and Facebook.
Advertisers jump in
Advertisers did more this year to inject themselves into the social conversations.
Analyst Jeremiah Owyang of San Mateo consulting firm Altimeter Group said he even expects advertisers to use Twitter hashtags more than company websites in commercials during next year's Super Bowl.
He said 75 percent of the commercials broadcast during the game mentioned a link to a second-screen experience, a 7 percent increase from last year.
Of those, 46 percent included a corporate website, down 8 percent from the prior year, while 11 percent included a Facebook page, down 4 percent from the year before. Google's social network, Google+, was not mentioned at all.
But the use of Twitter hashtags jumped from 7 percent to 38 percent, Owyang said.
Hashtags are turning out to be popular because they can be used on a variety of social networks, even Facebook, he said.
But Twitter's big Super Bowl victory doesn't necessarily mean the microblogging service will be as dominant outside of major, live televised events.
"Twitter will continue to be dominant in real-time events, as it spurs on fast, real-time interaction from mobile devices," Owyang said. "Facebook offers more engagement features, which can have a long-lasting relationship with viewers days and weeks after the event."
Benny Evangelista is a San Francisco Chronicle staff writer. E-mail: email@example.com


text:
In an interview with Racialicious, Marvel Comics representative Tom Brevoort rejected the idea of an all-Black lineup for an Avengers series, saying it wouldn't make sense.
"I think there's something very specific about what 'Avengers' means to the Marvel Universe," said Brevoort. They're the varsity. They're the A-list. They're the man. They're not about being superheroes because of demographics or ethnicity. They stand for something specific and occupy a certain role. If you don't have some degree of that, then it doesn't feel like Avengers."
Brevoort took to Twitter to try and clarify the sketchy statements, which seemed to imply that a Black superhero could never be "the man."
@SonofBaldwin It's the product of 70 years of publishing, much of which was done in less enlightened times.
Tea Partiers Depicted As Crazy Angry Racists In Captain America Comic
Top Ten Black Comic Book Heroes Of All Time


text:
Navy report: Skipper retreated to cabin for weeks during deployment
The Associated Press
Published: August 7, 2014
File photo of Capt. Gregory Gombert.
3rd Cowpens commander fired since 2010; CMC relieved
The commanding officer of the USS Cowpens, Capt. Gregory W. Gombert, and the command master chief, Master Chief Petty Officer Gabriel J. Keeton, were relieved by Rear Adm. Michael Smith on Tuesday.
SAN DIEGO — A Navy investigation finds the ailing skipper of a San Diego-based Navy cruiser retreated to his cabin for several weeks in the middle of a deployment, leaving the 330-member crew leaderless.
The probe also revealed that the skipper of the USS Cowpens, Capt. Gregory W. Gombert, was having an improper and "unduly familiar" relationship with the cruiser's acting executive officer, U-T San Diego reported Wednesday.
The Navy removed Gombert and the ship's command master chief, Master Chief Petty Officer Gabriel J. Keeton, from their positions on June 10. The reason given at the time was poor ship condition.
Gombert's medical problems were not disclosed, but investigators said they should not have left him unable to lead. They also shouldn't have required him to retreat to his cabin from early January through March, officials said.
"The violations revealed by the investigation, especially the blatant abdication of command responsibility on the part of the (commanding officer), are among the most egregious I have encountered in my 32-year career," wrote Vice Adm. Tom Copeman, the three-star admiral in charge of the Navy's Pacific surface ships.
At a July 25 administrative hearing, Gombert was found guilty of several counts of disobeying an order and conduct unbecoming an officer. So was the former acting executive officer, whom the newspaper identified in a Navy photo from March as Lt. Cmdr. Destiny Savage.
Neither Gombert nor Savage could immediately be reached for comment Thursday.
Keeton was found guilty of two counts of disobeying an order, apparently because he failed to notify anyone outside the ship of the troubles on board - despite telling crew members that he would.
The investigation found the skipper's unacceptable absence from the bridge predated his illness.
Of the 48 "special evolutions" that the ship performed - tricky maneuvers such as getting close to a refueling ship - Gombert was on the bridge for just 27, according to U-T San Diego.
His health-related seclusion began in mid-January, when he came down with an illness that required bed rest for 10 to 20 days, according to the investigation.
Gombert told his superiors that he questioned his ability to lead on two of those days and later said he considered asking for convalescent time, but decided against it.
As for Gombert's relationship with Savage, the newspaper reported that starting in December, the crew noticed the two officers spent evenings alone in Gombert's cabin, with the door closed. Savage frequently was seen making dinner for Gombert in his cabin and keeping her toiletries in his private bathroom there, according to investigators.
Also, the investigation said, the two went away for days together during port visits.


text:
By Steve B. Brooks
Jobless veterans and claims backlog were among topics for National Commander in his address to House and Senate members.
As the federal government deals with a trillion dollar budget deficit, many difficult spending and reduction decisions will need to be made. And while The American Legion completely understands this predicament, it doesn't want those decisions to strip away or pare down benefits that America's veterans truly have earned.
National Commander Fang A. Wong presented that message during a Wednesday hearing in front of a joint session of the House and Senate Veterans' Affairs Committees. Wong presented the Legion's legislative priorities during the hearing, focusing on veterans employment, the Department of Veterans Affairs' claims backlog, and the treatment of post-traumatic stress and traumatic brain injuries.
But before he finished, Wong made it clear the Legion's stance on dealing with the budget crisis.
"The American Legion understands the financial challenges our nation now faces," he said. "The Legion understands that tough spending decisions are coming. That is why the Legion greatly appreciates the assurances our veterans have been given – from members of Congress, (VA Secretary Eric Shinseki) and the president himself at our national convention – that benefits earned by those who've served our country in uniform won't be sacrificed to achieve budget goals. Our veterans have sacrificed enough. They have paid in full their debt to society. However, the debt society owes them is quite another matter, and it's a matter that The American Legion strongly believes this committee is willing to address."
Wong said Congress needs to pass the Military Construction and VA Appropriations measure by Oct. 1 to assure a seamless transmission of benefits to veterans. "Don't condemn VA to another round of uncertainty through a series of continuing resolutions," Wong said. "You are so close to the finish line. Help start this fiscal year off on the right foot for veterans."
Wong spoke at length about the job crisis facing the country's veterans – a figure of more than 1 million veterans without employment, including 632,000, ages 35-60. Congress can pass legislation creating incentives to promote the hiring of veterans to help reduce those figures. "Civilian licensing agencies must recognize military training, education and experience when a veteran transitions to the civilian workforce," Wong said. "A soldier who drives a truck in a convoy through hazardous routes in Iraq can drive a truck to get eggs to market on time in the American Midwest. A Navy corpsman who saved Marines on the battlefields of Afghanistan has the skills to render emergency aid as an EMT back home. Yet the education, training and experience garnered from military service is not recognized by civilian licensing and certification agencies.
"The American Legion urges Congress to work with DoD, the Department of Labor and VA to find a way to translate these skills and put these veterans to work where they can make an impact. They have already proven they know how to do these things. Give them a chance to use these valuable capabilities in the workplace."
Wong said a key to turning around the unemployment crisis is a stronger effort by the federal government to hire veterans. "Eighty percent of veterans employed by the federal government are employed by one of three departments – Defense, Homeland Security and Veterans Affairs," he said. "Surely there are other areas where veterans can be key contributors. Like the civilian workplace, federal employers need to realize the military prepares people to be team players, top-notch planners and winners. We need to stop asking why the Departments of Education, the Interior, or Energy would hire a veteran and start asking 'why not?' If we're going to show America's private employers that a veteran has the job skills to succeed in any environment, the government needs to set the example."
But, Wong said, the private sector must also be involved. He praised Sen. Patty Murray (D-Wash.), chairman of the Senate Veterans Affairs' Committee, as well as her House counterpart, Rep. Jeff Miller (R-Fla.), for legislation they've advanced that provide incentives for hiring veterans.
"The American Legion hopes you will collaborate and bring your parties together to get a jobs bill for America's veterans passed," Wong said. "It is our obligation as a nation to ensure that every single member of the military who chooses to leave the military can effectively transfer his or her education, training and experience into a civilian career field."
Wong also addressed a VA claims backlog of more than 1 million that leaves many veterans footing the bill for their medication or treatment. "Some are forced to choose between medication and food on the table," he said. "Some go into massive debt while waiting for VA to rule; even a retroactive settlement can't repair a credit history or return a home lost through a mortgage default."
Accuracy, Wong said, is the only way to shrink the backlog. "Unfortunately, VA still is using speed as the primary measurement of success," he said. "But as we all know, when we rush, we make errors. Who pays the price when errors are made in this instance? I'll tell you who: the veteran, who may see a claims process go from nine months to five years because of one error.
"VA needs to develop a better mechanism for tracking errors, and it needs to use the knowledge of those errors to make a better training system. Everyone makes mistakes; the key is the ability to learn from those mistakes and avoid them in the future. VA and others will complain that training time takes away from time spent working on claims, but do you want somebody working on those claims if they don't know how to do it right?"
A key to reducing the backlog, Wong said, is VA and DoD getting back on track with the Virtual Lifetime Electronic Record. "The GAO report last February that highlighted severe problems with implementation is troubling to The American Legion, which has been promised more seamless transitions for years," he said. "The VLER needs to be a coordinated effort, with frequent and clear lines of communication, to be effective."
Wong also briefed the committee on the Legion's ad-hoc committee on PTS and TBI, which has met several times and heard from national experts on mental health, and military, VA and private-sector specialists to consider new strategies to meet the needs of veterans suffering from either condition.
"If this American Legion committee has learned one thing, it's that there is no magic bullet for curing post-traumatic stress and traumatic brain injury, and if the treatment works, regardless of what the treatment is, it should be used to help the suffering veteran," Wong said. "Prescriptions are not always the only answer, and sometimes, drugs only make the condition worse, especially if they are drugs issued under a 'fail first' philosophy when medical science is absolutely sure of the efficiency of other drugs.
"Other options need to be explored. And the cost of researching and implementing those options shouldn't be an issue. The toll of war does not end at discharge. For those who are disabled, physically or mentally, it is a lifelong engagement."
For a transcript of the hearing, as well as the Legion's written testimony, go to http://veterans.house.gov/hearing/joint-house-and-senate-veterans-affairs-committees-hearing-receive-legislative-american.


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Reset jointer knives, edge is perfect, but face isnt5/10
I reset my jointer knives after I had them sharpened and here's my issue...
I bought a 50" Lee Valley aluminum straight edge.
I have my knives set so well that when i put the straight edge on the edge of board I jointed, it's perfect, no light shining through.
But! When i face jointed, i put the sraight edge on a board thats 64" long, i end up with a gap of almost 1/16" in the middle of the straight edge.
When I did the face jointing... As soon as my hands passed the blade onto the outfred table, my hands stayed on that side for the rest of the cut. I heard it cutting the entire way. I even drew a squiggly line down the entire board to ensure it was cutting the entire piece the whole way and it was. What could be the reason why i have a perfectly straight edge, but I cant seem to get a perfectly straight and flat face? The board started out about 1" thick.
Where are you jointing the board edge? My suspicion is that it is at the back or front edge of the knives.
There is a good chance that the knives are set properly, and the tables aligned properly, at a single point on the knife width. As such you get a good cut when using that specific point on the knives.
A face cut uses the full width of the knives. Unless all three knives project evenly above the cutter head exactly the same amount, and the outfeed table is exactly lined up with the knives at the high point of their cutting arc, you will not get a straight face jointed board.
When I set jointer knives I first make sure they are all the same distance above the cutter head. I use a short straight board on edge on the outfeed table. This short board extends back across the cutter head.
The machine is of course unplugged from the power source in this whole process.
With the outfeed table set too low I rotate the head by hand. As a knife gets to the top of the arc it grabs the stick and moves it a 1/4" or so. With a mark on the board where it intersects the edge of the outfeed table by the cutter head before being moved, and a second mark made where the movement ends I have recorded how far the stick has moved. I then compare this on both ends of all the knives and adjust knife height until all the knives are the same height and parallel to the table surface. I know this is the case because the stick moves the same distance at both ends of all the knives.
When this adjustment is complete I then raise the outfeed table until the knives just kiss the bottom of the stick as they swing by below. I also check this at both ends of all the knives. When everything is just right the knives are all at the same height, parallel to the outfeed table, and at the same height as the outfeed table.
When done with all this I plug the jointer back in and cut the lead couple inches of an approx. 18" long stick. If everything is set up correctly this stick will not catch on the leading edge of the outfeed table, or be gapped above the table.
Turning the jointer off and seeing if the jointed lead edge of the stick hits the table edge anywhere along the knife width when slid forward and back will confirm a good aligment. If the tip of the stick hits on the edge of the outfeed table then that table is too high. If there is a gap between the bottom of the stick and the outfeed table it is too low.
This is somewhat time consuming but a sure fire way to make sure everything is aligned correctly. If the outfeed table isn't set correctly to match properly installed knives you will end up with boards that are bowed in length.
BH Davis
Bh, thank you so much! I have a powermatic 54a 6" long bed jointer. Ive had the jointer for years but never replaced the blades until recently, as i didnt use it a whole heck of a lot. So, i have never messed with moving the outfeed table. When i move the outfeed table, will it stay parallel or is there a chance it could tilt? I dont want to screw it up more than i already have. I have cmt's dial indicators but cant seem to find them right now. I also bought an aluminum straight edge, 50" long, by lee valley. Im about to pull out what little hair i have left
The outfeed table will not twist when raising and lowering unless there is serious wear in the mechanism. Since you never moved it that probably will not be a problem unless it was an abused used machine when you bought it. If it is like my PM jointer then both the infeed and outfeed tables ride one dovetail ways with gibs.
It looks like your knives just are not set properly. Put away that aluminum straight edge and use that nice straight wood stick you jointed earlier. Take your time and follow the above instructions. It should take about an hour for a first timer.
BH Davis
These are the dial indicators i bought but ive been struggling to find a good youtube vid on how to use them. I unfortunately took out the knives before i checked their factory set height
Yes......nice setting gauges. I have similar items. The problem with fixtures like that is the knives shift upward as the gibs are tightened. It takes a lot of practice to get knives set correctly with those "easy use" fixtures.
Put them away and use the stick method as I described. Full proof method of setting knives. Post any questions where I haven't been clear enough in my explanation.
BH Davis
Are these the two things i need to adjust to move my outfeed table?
I'm putting my money on your technique is causing the problem. The board is more likely to bend when machining the face than the edge. You are putting too much pressure on the face of the board, or you are moving your hands back and forth over the cutter head while feeding it. If you only have changed the knives after years of having the machine, I suspect you may not know proper technique. Start the board over the head, as soon as you can place force down on the out feed table, never move your hands back to the indeed side.
You should be able to adjust the outfeed table height just as you adjust the height of the infeed table. If not there is probably one of the flip tab locking screws on both sides of the jointer body. Loosen both and look for a hand wheel of some sort that slides the table up and down the dovetail way slope.
BH Davis
On the attached photo of a new Powermatic model you'll see the outfeed table adjustment hand knob on the left. You have to loosen the lock handle on the outfeed table first. There may be a lock handle on both front and back of the machine.
If you don't already have one you really should search out a manual for the machine. It would help you out significantly in matters like this.
BH Davis
Check the unjointed side of the board to see if it has a gap on each end of the board. You may be relieving stress in the board as you joint it causing it to bow.
Just a quick comment here...the head on the 54A is the worst design for a head EVER and you have to buy their knives and you cant get carbide tipped. The cams are a major pain to adjust.
I never moved the outfeed table on any of my jointers...play with the knives you want them about .003 above the outfeed table.


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(Poem #622) The Ice-Cart
Perched on my city office-stool, I watched with envy, while a cool And lucky carter handled ice. . . . And I was wandering in a trice, Far from the grey and grimy heat Of that intolerable street, O'er a sapphire berg and emerald floe, Beneath the still, cold ruby glow Of everlasting Polar night, Bewildered by the queer half-light, Until I stumbled, unawares, Upon a creek where big white bears Plunged headlong down with flourished heels And floundered after shining seals Through shivering seas of blinding blue. And as I watched them, ere I knew, I'd stripped, and I was swimming too, Among the seal-pack, young and hale, And thrusting on with threshing tail, With twist and twirl and sudden leap Through crackling ice and salty deep -- Diving and doubling with my kind, Until, at last, we left behind Those big, white, blundering bulks of death, And lay, at length, with panting breath Upon a far untravelled floe, Beneath a gentle drift of snow -- Snow drifting gently, fine and white, Out of the endless Polar night, Falling and falling evermore Upon that far untravelled shore, Till I was buried fathoms deep Beneath the cold white drifting sleep -- Sleep drifting deep, Deep drifting sleep. . . . The carter cracked a sudden whip: I clutched my stool with startled grip. Awakening to the grimy heat Of that intolerable street.
I like today's poem for the vivid trip through the poet's imagination - the images are glowingly detailed, and move easily from scene to scene, the whole capturing the feel of an extended reverie admirably. The varying pace is handled nicely too - the crystalline images setting the scene, the burst of activity, the drifting snow, all slide effortlessly into each other, until the vision is abruptly shattered and the narrator is returned to the 'grimy heat' of his surroundings. Biography: b. Oct. 2, 1878, Hexham, Northumberland, Eng. d. May 26, 1962, Virginia Water, Surrey British poet who drew his inspiration from the workaday life of ordinary provincial English families. Gibson was educated privately, served briefly in World War I, and thereafter devoted his life to poetry. A period in London in 1912 brought him into contact with Lascelles Abercrombie, Rupert Brooke, John Drinkwater, and other Georgian poets, with whom he founded the short-lived poetry magazine New Numbers. In 1917 he made a long lecture tour of the United States. His first poem had appeared in The Spectator in 1897, but it was with his realistic presentation of the lives of country folk in Stonefolds and On the Threshold (both 1907) that he first exploited the themes of contemporary life which distinguished his major works. -- EB Links: For a vision of an altogether different sort, poem #30 Ice, poem #145 martin


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Published by Seattle Time, Pacific Northwest Magazine BY BRIAN J. CANTWELL
IT WAS A hot July day at Tildio Winery, just above pretty, glacier-carved Roses Lake, a mile off the northern shore of Lake Chelan. Out front, blooming lavender was a smear of purple across a garden bank. In the vineyard, young grapes were still firm, green little marbles bearing promise.
Inside, Katy Perry had been slaving over a pipette all day.
A graduate of the University of California-Davis wine program and a former winemaker in the Napa Valley and at Chateau Ste. Michelle, she had just finished running the numbers — analyzing alcohol content, residual sugar, pH levels and so on — on Tildio's 2011 red blends. Her final effort: the Robusto.
"I call it our blend without borders," says Milum Perry, her husband, explaining that the 2010 vintage mixed 25 percent tempranillo, a Spanish-bred varietal, with France's traditional Bordeaux reds.
To get this far in the process, Katy typically sets up five or six different samples in wineglasses.
"I try blends every which way I can imagine," to be sampled in blind taste tests that typically include her, Milum and their tasting-room manager, Samantha Miller — or any friends who might drop by.
"Then it's a democratic process and we vote, and whatever wins, wins," she says, quickly adding, with a sparkle in her eye, "Unless I really think they're wrong!"
Winemaking doesn't get much simpler than this, or more personal. Quiet, intense Milum, 56, with his gray soul patch, built the winery and spends solitary hours working the 8 ½-acre vineyard. Katy, 50, the passionate chemist, formulates the wine. Smiling young Samantha pours and sells in their modern, art-decked tasting room.
Along with their wine club — made up of winery visitors who've liked the place, the people and the product and signed up for periodic shipments — the tasting room is where they sell more than nine out of 10 of the 2,000 cases of wine Tildio produces each year.
They're a small winery, and they're happy staying small. It's a formula that has helped many Washington wineries weather recent tough times — and has even seen numbers rapidly multiply through the bleak economy.
SINCE 2005, the number of licensed wineries in Washington state has more than doubled, from 360 to more than 770. Since 2007, while navigating the worst economic potholes, the industry leapfrogged in value from $3 billion annually to $8.6 billion across the state, according to a study released in April by the Washington State Wine Commission.
The second-largest wine-producing state after California, Washington has long been tickling noses among the wine-swirling cognoscenti. Now it's attracted a spurt of big-wine money. In recent months E. & J. Gallo and other major players have bought prominent wineries here, and their deep pockets are now expected to promote Horse Heaven Hills syrahs and Walla Walla cabernets in distant states where Washington appellations still prompt a "huh?" from consumers.
While Ste. Michelle Wine Estates, the state's largest producer, sells more than 6 million cases of its brands annually, here's an eye-opening statistic about the Lilliputian scale of most of Washington's winemakers: More than 700, combined, produce just 5 to 10 percent of the state's output.
Most produce 2,500 or fewer cases, wine commission President Steve Warner estimates.
"These are people with a passion for wine, with a sort of pioneering artistic sense of purpose, and they're just out there going for it," Warner says of the "mom-and-pop" wineries, whose proprietors are a mix of young and old, from many walks of life.
Everyone knows the failure rate for small businesses. Yet when you drive across Washington's warmer side, tasting rooms now seem to outnumber fruit stands and taco trucks. How has Washington supported so many wineries in bad times?
Small, it seems, is the secret.
STAYING SMALL has several advantages. Winery proprietors can do much of the work themselves, holding down expenses. They can sell most of their wine directly to consumers, as the Perrys do, with relatively little spent on promotion and no big cut going to distributors and retailers.
What's more, they keep a personal link to the wine that plays almost as much a part in the wine's "terroir" — that mystical French term that roughly means "geography you can taste" — as does Central Washington's sandy soil and sun-baked hills.
"We can stay at a size that feels comfortable," Milum Perry explains. "It's more of a European lifestyle, creating something on your own land, selling it there and staying connected, doing the labor yourself."
And for the consumer, "it adds a whole other dimension to the enjoyment of wine when you can go in and meet the people who make it and get to know them," says the wine commission's Warner.
Soon after the 2005 opening of Tildio (say "Til-DEE-oh," the Spanish name for a killdeer that lays its eggs in the vineyard), Milum and Katy learned the advantage of so-called "cellar-door sales" versus trying to self-distribute their wine in Seattle, a seven-hour round trip across the Cascade Mountains.
"We'd load up our car with some wine and drive over and do cold calls," Katy recalls with a humble shake of her head. "We'd say, 'There's a wine shop, let's stop!' And we'd drive around 'til the car was empty."
It was a recipe for burnout for a couple who had a vineyard to manage and wine blends to fuss over. Today, a Kirkland-based wine broker who caters to small wineries helps get their wines into about 20 shops and 10 restaurants around Puget Sound, at less cost than a distributor.
"Seattle has tons of restaurants that want really interesting wine lists," Katy says. "But we're not with a large distributor. We'd just be lost in their book. We can't do the volume."
The tasting room, with a built-in visitor base of vacationers who've been coming to Lake Chelan for years, is their anchor.
WHICH CAME first, the small winery (think "egg") or the bad economy (think "chickens coming home to roost")? For some, that's the question.
Before the downturn, Brett Isenhower, of Walla Walla's Isenhower Cellars, was selling 4,500 cases of wine through distributors in 17 states and British Columbia.
But in 2008, the former Safeway pharmacist recalls, he retrenched when gas prices started rising and many wine drinkers stopped spending more than $25 for a bottle of wine — roughly the price point where small winemakers make money on premium reds.
"It was a real quick 'Hmmm!' " says Isenhower, a square-jawed, energetic 44-year-old father of three young girls who help Daddy by drawing pictures for his wine labels.
"Some of my compatriots decided the answer was to work harder. I decided I'd rather be at home than flying to Kansas City to sell wine."
He pulled his premium wines from distributors, selling them only through his wine club and his winery, a handsome contemporary building out past Yellowhawk Creek on the south side of Walla Walla, where the Blue Mountains and their sculpted foothills mark the horizon and Lucy, a 12-year-old golden lab, barks you to the door.
As a hedge, he's kept a mix of his second-label whites and rosés — less expensive wines that sell better in hard times — in the hands of distributors in five states.
But his biggest move was westward — to Puget Sound. Striking back at those gas prices that might discourage visitors from driving across the state to try his wine, Isenhower opened a Woodinville tasting room in 2009. More than 75 of the state's wineries now have Woodinville addresses, though few grow grapes of any consequence there.
"That's where most of the people in the state are, on the west side, and people can come, taste wine and go home at night," Isenhower says. "It's been our biggest source of growth."
Taking a break last March from pruning his estate vineyard, four acres of malbec vines on land that formerly grew onions and alfalfa, Isenhower told me the figures without looking: His 2011 sales grew 18.2 percent year to year in Woodinville, versus 2.4 percent in Walla Walla.
"We had our best year ever in 2011," he says, making more money, with production this fall pegged at 2,700 cases, than he did when wholesaling his best wines across a much more vast territory.
"It's a very strange dichotomy," Isenhower says. "People come to my tasting room and taste the wine and they buy into who I am and they maybe join the wine club. But if you just put the wine bottle on a shelf at QFC or someplace, they don't have that connection — they don't want to pull that trigger."
IF WALLA WALLA'S tough to get to, Lopez Island Vineyards in the San Juans has its own special challenges. Not only is the winery a ferry ride away from the rest of the world, its estate-grown grapes must ripen in the cooler marine air of Western Washington. Vitis vinifera, meet the land of the green tomato.
On an early August stroll through the six-acre vineyard off Fisherman Bay Road, I saw pea-sized "berries," much smaller than the developing grapes I'd found in Central Washington weeks earlier.
But husband/wife proprietors Brent Charnley, 55, and Maggie Nilan, 54, have their own marketing tool chest to keep the winery going in these days of "so many labels that you can buy a different wine every night of your life and not look back," as the bearded, low-key Charnley puts it.
Niche markets help. The cool-climate white varietals they started planting 25 years ago, once a marketing handicap in days when less-experienced wine consumers expected every winery to make big, bold reds, are now a boon.
"It's become a great advantage now because so few people have them," Charnley says, as more-sophisticated wine lovers now seek out the unfamiliar.
Their flagship wines are island-grown Madeleine Angevine, a crisp "seafood wine" that originated in France's Loire Valley, and German-bred siegerrebe, a spicier cross of Madeleine Angevine and gewürztraminer. Those and a few other estate-grown grapes make more than half of their annual 1,500 to 2,500 cases, with the balance from Eastern Washington vineyards.
Another advantage for Lopez these days: It's an organic vineyard.
Being organic opens doors to natural-food stores such as PCC Natural Markets. And the winery's proximity to Puget Sound put its wines on the table this past summer at The Herbfarm restaurant's "100 Mile Dinner," an obsessive-compulsive locavore's dream meal (for which even the salt was locally sourced, from seawater).
Being small, organic and relatively nearby have also made Seattle-area farmers markets a logical outlet for the Lopezians. This year Nilan often staffed a stand at markets in Ballard, Edmonds and Lake Forest Park, fitting in the stops during visits with the couple's daughter, who goes to school in Seattle.
"The very first day I was in a farmers market I sold five cases, and we thought, 'OK, let's do this!' " says the friendly, frank-speaking Nilan, noting that subsequent sales slowed considerably. On the same trips, she delivers wine in the winery van. It's very much a hands-on business.
Sometimes there's a down side to being so personally involved, she admits.
"It's not enough that we do what we do (to make the wine) but we have to engage with each and every person who comes up to us if we want to sell wine. In the grocery store, people ask 'How are the grapes?' " With a mock snap, she says, " 'Fine!' I tell them 'They're fine!' It's just wearing to be 'on' all the time."
CARVING OUT market niches is the core business plan for Tanjuli Winery, which opened in summer 2011 amid an emerald patchwork of orchards and vineyards in the Rattlesnake Hills above Zillah in Yakima County.
Niches don't get much smaller.
On seven acres, soft-spoken Tom Campbell, a pioneering Yakima Valley winemaker who worked for Ste. Michelle in Grandview in 1981 and had Horizon's Edge winery through the 1990s, has planted a few rows each of a dozen Old World varietals little known to most Americans.
On a muggy, 88-degree July day ("Perfect grape-growing temperature!" Campbell enthuses), with Mount Adams lurking in haze to the south, he walks rows and shows me his picpoul, a high-acid French white "that's good with sushi"; teroldego, "a nice medium-bodied red from Italy"; carménère, "called the missing Bordeaux variety — I like it just because it's something different."
He has so many varietals with so many different watering needs, he manages irrigation with a spread sheet. High poles among his trellises can hold shade screens to help give each grape the sun exposure it prefers.
"I can fuss over a small block (of grapes) the way a large operation wouldn't have the time or patience to do," says Campbell, 59. Confessing to being temperamentally ill-suited to retirement, he sees this as a fun pastime for his old age.
He believes staying small is key.
"There are two areas of success: the small family winery and big mega-wineries. And the middle ground is quicksand."
It's all about the perilous balance between hiring more hands, buying more crushers and expanding bottling lines, and depending on outside sales to pay off the bills.
I ask Campbell what he likes best at his winery, expecting him to name a favorite grape. Rather, his heartfelt answer goes to the core of why many winemakers love what they do.
"My favorite thing is harvest — when you finally bring in the fruit of your labor. It's a perfect time, with crisp, cool nights but still nice days."
He pauses, lost in thought.
"There's the camaraderie, the sights and sounds and smells. It's wonderful."
It's a story of small joys.
Brian J. Cantwell is The Seattle Times Outdoors editor. Benjamin Benschneider is the Pacific NW magazine staff photographer.


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