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Located in present day Lanier County, GA, the old Union Church lies about 10 miles east of where Levi J. Knight settled on Beaver Dam Creek (now Ray City, GA). It was the first church to serve the pioneer settlers of this region. L. J. Knight's parents, Sarah and William Anderson Knight , were among the organizing members of the church. Built on land provided by Jesse Carter, the church was originally referred to as Carter's Meeting House, and later designated Union Church.
The church and cemetery were on a trail used by the Creek Indians traveling between the Chattahoochee River and the Okefenokee Swamp. During the Indian Wars, 1836-1838, the church building was partially burned. The fire-damaged timbers were used in the reconstruction, and since that time Union Church has also been known as Burnt Church.
"Union Baptist Church, on the Alapaha River ….was constituted October 21, 1825, the first church in the old area of Irwin County. The original members William A. Knight; his wife, Sarah; Jonathan Knight; his wife, Elizabeth; Joshua Lee; his wife, Martha; James Patten; his wife, Elizabeth; Mary Knight; Josiah Sirmans, deacon. The Rev. Matthew Albritton served the church as its first minister."
In Pines and pioneers: A history of Lowndes County, Georgia, 1825-1900, author J. T. Shelton gave the following description described a Big Meeting at Union church:
"The old church had a door on every side for easy access, a rostrum along one wall with seats facing it from three directions. The arrangement allowed the seating of slaves on one side. With feet planted firmly on the wide floor boards, the congregation sat on the pews, each a single plank. The women of the church had scrubbed down with potash and homemade soap both pews and flooring, and the wood had a soft, silvery sheen. The pulpit was seven feet long, twelve inches wide and two inches thick; three to five preachers sat on a long bench behind the pulpit until each had his turn to address the assembly. The exhorter then paced up and down the generous space provided, and he held forth for two hours before the next preacher had his chance. Listeners came and went; mothers carried out crying babies; little boys believed that they would starve to death before they could get outside to the loaded dinner tables that were as much a part of Big Meeting as the preaching."
In 1928-30, The Clinch County News published a series of articles on the history of Union Church, portions of which are excerpted below:
Established 1825
Chapter I
Union Primitive Baptist Church, the mother of all the churches of this faith in this immediate section of Georgia, was organized or constituted October 1st, 1825. The presbytery consisted of Elders Fleming Bates and Mathew Albritton.
As is well known, the church is located on the banks of the Alapaha River about 1 1/2 miles south of Lakeland formerly old Milltown. It stands to-day where it has always stood for the past 108 years (1933). The cemetery close by contains the graves of many pioneers and old citizens of east Lowndes, southeast Berrien and western Clinch counties. Baptisms have always taken place in the nearby river, it not being over one hundred yards from the church to the river. A high bluff with a sharp bend in the river's course is the visitor's introduction after he has passed the church. Several steady-flowing springs of fine drinking water are to be found on the banks, and eminating from the walls of the bluff. Part of the bluff slopes off to the river's edge at the river bend thus making an ideal place for baptism purposes.
The little log-house which was the first building on the site of the present church, had come to be known as Carter's Meeting House prior to the organization of the church. For some months prior it had been the scene of monthly meetings or services, and it was the expression of the desire of the settlers to have some kind of divine services in their midst, for there was not a church to be found of any denomination from the Altamaha River to the Florida and Alabama lines. The settlers in this immediate vicinity were more numerous than in most of the settlements, and many of them Carters. The meeting-house took its name from old man Jesse Carter and he probably gave the land and his boys had a hand in building the original log house to hold services in. The earliest settlers had only been living here four years at the time, while the most of them had not living here hardly a year. Knights, Carters, Giddens and Lees made up most of the settlers west of the river while on the east side of the river were to be found Tomlinsons, Sirmans and Fenders, Corbitts and Mathises. Further down the river could be found the Wetheringtons, Swilleys, Peters, Walkers, and Roberts.
Elder William A. Knight, at that time a layman, was one of the leading spirits in the formation of the church. As already stated it was Elders Bates and Albritton who presided at the organization of the church, but to "Old Father Knight" as many people called him in his lifetime, may be attribute more than anyone else the religious activities of the community in those days when the first settlers were moving in. He led in prayer and in song, and when the preacher failed to keep an appointment because of lurking Indians, high waters or other providential hindrances it was Bro. Knight who took charge and carried on the service. Five years after the church was organized he was licensed to preach the Gospel and two years later (1832) he was ordained to the full Gospel ministry.
Union Church had been constituted under the auspices of the Piedmont Primitive Baptist Association, but by 1827 the establishment of a number of new churches prompted a desire to divide the association. According to a history thesis by Michael Otis Holt,
On August 24, 1827, a council met in Thomas County, Georgia to determine the feasibility of forming a new association in the region. The council arranged for another meeting at Mt. Gilead Church in September and requested that all interested churches send messengers with a statement of faith and the date of their constitution together with names of the ministers taking part in it. The careful attention to detail was necessary, because many churches in the area had cut corners in their organization. An example is Shiloh Church in Ware County. In 1833, the Ochlocknee Association would not accept Shiloh Church because it was constituted "illegally." However, the association did offer instruction on how to craft a new constitution, which Shiloh did. The council decided to go ahead with the plans for a new association. In October, 1827, the Piedmont Association, "received and read a petition from seven Baptist churches situated between the Alapaha and Flint River praying ministerial aid to constitute them into a new association." The Piedmont set Matthew Albritton and Fleming Bates to oversee the organization of the Association. Both were members of Union Church, near present day Lakeland, Georgia, which requested and received dismission from the Piedmont to join the new association.
The association held an organizational meeting at Bethel Church in what is now Brooks County, Georgia, in November, 1827. Six churches took part in the constitution of the Association. Union Church, was almost certainly the church that joined at the first session of the new association, which called itself Ochlocknee. In the first year of its existence, the Ochlocknee Association claimed 138 members among its seven churches. The initial meeting went well and Bates and Albritton reported to Union Church that, 'much harmony and love abounded.'
The new association grew quickly. By 1833, the Ochlocknee had thirty-five churches with 1,010 members. Though migration to the region was steadily increasing during this time, it did not account for all of the increase. In 1833, 179 were baptized into the association's churches. Fourteen new churches applied for membership during the same year. So many neophytes comprised the new churches that the association appointed William Knight to instruct them on the proper duties of churches to the association. The rapid expansion expanded the Ochlocknee's borders to extend from the Piedmont Association to the St. John's Association. The expansive size of the association prompted a proposal to divide at the 1833 meeting.
In 1834, Friendship, Union, and Elizabeth churches in Georgia, and Providence, New Zion, Concord, Newington, and New River in Florida, were dismissed from the Ochlocknee Association to form a new association. In a reflection of the intense territorialism of the associations of the period, the new body was given a boundary that extended up the Suwannee, Withlacoochee, and Little River. The association took the name Suwannee River and scheduled a constitutional meeting at Concord Church for December, 1834. The delegates duly arrived at the meeting, but the ministers failed to show. At a rescheduled meeting held in September, 1835, only one appointed minister showed, so the delegates coopted William A. Knight as the other member of the presbytery and proceeded to formally organize the association.
The Suwannee River Association did not experience rapid growth like the Ochlocknee. The Second Seminole War was the primary cause for the association's slow growth and sparse representation. The 1838 session recommended that the churches increase their days of fasting and prayer, 'that the Lord might divert the judgments which seem to hang over us.' They also suggested they put off any general business of the association, "by reason of the unsettled affairs of our country." The 1839 session met in the safer Georgia territory and again suggested more prayer and fasting, "so that the warwhoop of a savage foe, might not be heard any longer in our land to the great disturbance of our fellow citizens, while numbers of our women and infant children are falling victims to their relentless hands." Nearby associations "lamented the situation of the Suwannee Association, on account of the Indian War in that vicinity."
By the beginning of the 1840s, tensions in the region had eased and the Suwannee was experiencing growth. The 1840 minutes of the Suwannee Association speak of a revival that was strongest among its congregations in Georgia. However, this period of growth and expansion would eventually produce discord and division among the Baptists of South Georgia.
In 1856 the Union Association was constituted with twelve churches formerly belonging to the Suwannee Association, most of whose churches were in Florida. A division was agreed to, making the State line the dividing line between the two Associations. The constituting presbytery was composed of Elders J. E. W. Smith, William A. Knight and J. B. Smith met at Union Church. Her ministers were Elders William A. Knight, Moses Westberry, Ansel Parrish, J. D. Hutto and E. J. Williams, with perhaps two licentiates. Harmony prevailed for a number of years, and the progress of the Association was upward and onward.
Clinch County News
September 20, 1929
Established 1825
Chapter XIII.
As has been stated before, the minutes of the church from the beginning in 1825 to 1832 have been lost. We understand, however, that Rev. William A. Knight was the first pastor as well as the guiding hand of the church during these early years. It is certain that he was one of the charter members and the only ordained minister holding his membership with the church during that time. Assuming that he was pastor during those seven years, the list of pastors up to recently [1929], is as follows:
- William A. Knight 1825-1832
- Matthew Albritton (died) 1832-1850
- William A. Knight (died) 1850-1860
- Ansel Parrish 1860-1865
- (No record, 1865 to 1873)
- Timothy William Stallings 1873-1888
- Wm. H. Tomlinson 1888-1900
- Timothy William Stallings 1900-1902
- A. A. Knight 1902-1907
- J. A. Chitty 1907-1911
- Aaron A. Knight 1911-1913
- Isham Albert Wetherington 1913-1915
- Orville A. Knight 1915-1916
- E. R. Rhoden 1916-1918
- I. A. Wetherington (died) 1918-1923
- Wm. H. Tomlinson 1923-1925
- Orville A. Knight 1925-1927
If the writer could properly write the life of these earnest consecrated servants of the Lord, it would be equal to writing an account of the religious life of this section in the Primitive Baptist denomination. Fearless in fighting sin and bold in preaching Christ and faithful in contending for the Faith, they have served nobly and well and unborn generations will bear witness to the fruits of their work. With few exceptions the writer has not sufficient biographical data at hand now to write of their individual lives, but we know of their godly records. We hope to write later of the lives of these great preachers.
Church Clerks
The clerks of the church likewise contain a list of fine men, known throughout their communities and counties for their good, upright lives, and their staunch Christian characters. We do not know who the first clerk was.
- Owen Smith September 7, 1832
- Joshua Sykes January 12, 1839
- Isaac D. Hutto April 13, 1845
- William Patten May 10, 1851
- William Lastinger July 8, 1854
- John Studstill Jan 9, 1858
- William Giddens May 7, 1863
- E. R. Rhoden October 8, 1891
- W. R. Rhoden November 10, 1894
- J. L. Robertson February 12, 1898
- Wm. J. Knight May 12, 1900
- J. A. Weaver August 10, 1901
- G. L. Robinson September 12, 1924
- J. A. Weaver September 12, 1925
- J. S. Shaw October 8, 1926
A good portion of the minutes is in the handwriting of assistant clerks. These assistant clerks were generally elected by the church, but of late years there have been no assistants. The list of assistant clerks is as follows:
- William A. Knight 1834-1837
- Levi Drawdy 1837-1848
- James Walker 1853-1854
- Richard H. Burkhalter 1861-1862
- John P. Tomlinson 1887-1900
- John T. Watson 1900-1902
The church has had but few deacons during its 105 years [as of 1929] of existence. There were apparently never over two at the time, and when elected they served for life unless sooner dismissed by letter or otherwise. The list given below is full of as fine men as ever lived in this section. We do not in the list make any attempt to show how long they served except in those cases where they died members of the church. We do not know who the first deacons of the church were. List follows:
Bro. Edmund Mathis, one of the deacons, having removed his membership, Bro. Joshua Lee was elected in his place March 10, 1833, and ordained April 13, 1833 by Elders Peacock, Friar and Knight.
September 6, 1839, Bro. Edmund Mathis was received back into the membership by letter from Concord church, Hamilton County, Fla., and acted as a deacon until dismissed again by letter April 10, 1841.
On June 13, 1841, brethren Jacob Hughes and John Lee were ordained deacons. Members of the presbytery not shown by minutes.
March 13, 1852, brethren Richard H. Burkhalter and J. D. Peters were elected deacons. They were ordained June 12, 1852 but the minutes do not show who constituted the presbytery. Bro. Burkhalter died in 1862 and Bro. Peters also died a member but we do not know when.
The minutes do not show any further ordination of deacons until 1891 when Bro. John P. Tomlinson was elected on May 9th. On June 13, 1891 he was ordained by Elders J. A. O'steen and T. W. Stallings.
On December 9, 1899, Bro. James L. Robinson was elected a deacon but was never ordained.
On November 10, 1906 Bro. Israel G. Carter was elected a deacon and ordained January 12, 1907 by Elders B.P. Lovett from Salem Church, I. A. Wetherington from Unity church, A. A. Knight , the pastor.
On October 9, 1909, Bro. J. A. Weaver was elected deacon, and ordained February 12, 1910 by Elders Wetherington, Chitty and A. A. Knight .
The minutes do not disclose that the church ever had any treasurer until 1909 whem on October 9th, Bro. J. A. Weaver was elected as such.
Some other members of Union Church:
- George Harris – received August 7, 1841, dismissed by letter March 12, 1842; joined Providence Primitive Baptist Church near their home soon after that church was constituted in 1844
- Julia Ann Westberry Harris – received August 7, 1841, dismissed by letter March 12, 1842; joined Providence Primitive Baptist Church near their home soon after that church was constituted in 1844
- William Hughes – joined by letter, December 8, 1838
- William Wesley Johnson – baptized August 10, 1839
- Amelia Sherley Johnson – baptized June 13, 1840
- John Lee – joined by letter, June 8, 1839
- Elender Wetherington Lee – joined by letter, June 8, 1838
- Joshua Lee – constituting member, October 1, 1825
- Martha Ford Lee – constituting member, October 1, 1825
- Moses C. Lee – baptized September 11, 1841
- Jincey Register Lee – baptized September 10, 1854
- Thomas Mathis – united 1839, dismissed by letter December 12, 1840
- Eady Mathis – united 1839, dismissed by letter December 12, 1840
- Tyre Mathis – joined by letter April 12, 1828, dismissed by letter December 11, 1847
- Nancy Lee Mathis – joined by letter April 12, 1828, dismissed by letter December 11, 1847
- Mehala Rice Monk – joined by letter 1838
- Elizabeth Skinner Register – received by letter into Union Church, September 13, 1828, from Fellowship Baptist Church, Appling County, and dismissed by letter April 10, 1841 from Union to participate in constituting Wayfare Church
- William Patten – baptized September 9, 1848, dismissed by letter March 11, 1854 to organize Empire Church
Related Articles:
- The "Gold Standard" of the Wiregrass Primitive Baptists of Georgia: A History of the Crawford Faction of the Alabaha River Primitive Baptist Association, 1842-2007
- Primitive Baptists at Ray City
- Historic Marker Placed at Site of New Ramah Church
- Knights Come to Lowndes County, GA
- Irene Primitive Baptist Church
- Constitution of New Ramah Primitive Baptist Church
- A Brief History of New Ramah Baptist Church at Ray City, GA
- Eulogy of Elder Ansel Parrish
- Aaron Anderson Knight (1857 – 1925)
- New Ramah Primitive Baptist Church ~ Additional Views
- aaa


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subset: commoncrawl


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Hi documentary club, thanks for coming back to discuss Mitt (or, if you haven't seen it yet, you can watch it here) — a funny little film that feels at once hugely important and totally irrelevant: after all, the guy lost, right?
But director Greg Whiteley's unflinchingly honest portrayal of one-time Republican presidential hopeful Mitt Romney, which follows his early presidential ambitions back in 2006 through his eventual defeat in the 2012 election, has surprisingly little to do with politics — the details of his campaign take a backseat to the human drama and tension faced by the candidate and his family.
Erstwhile Romney supporters likely saw much in this footage that reinforces their sense of the candidate as a twinkly-eyed family man with sturdy American values, while those who found his policies and beliefs loathsome (hi!) probably won't change their opinions to that end. And yet, no matter how bad Romney might have been for America, it's tough not to feel a pang of something in Mitt, a film that portrays its subjects with so much compassion and dignity it's like a punch to the stomach.
Opening with footage of Romney trying to determine how best to concede to Barack Obama in the wake of the 2012 election, then flashing back to his first inklings of presidential ambition in 2006, the film is mercifully narration-free and feels less concerned with proving any point than with a naturalistic portrayal of the politician throughout his highs and lows.
This stylistic choice raises a lot of questions, as does much of what's found in the footage. Let's talk about a few things that came to mind!
Possible Discussion Topics:
1. Was the moment when Romney decides to concede humanizing or humiliating?
2. Anyone else surprised to learn that Romney is, firstly, a Coen brothers fan, and secondly someone who sits around with his kids listening to David Sedaris on This American Life?
3. Romney's friendly, avuncular charm seems to come and go — in particular, he seemed so pugnacious when prepping for the 2008 Republican debate. Discuss.
4. The warmth and intimacy between Romney and his wife Ann from 2006 through 2008 seemed to have cooled significantly by the 2012 election cycle; she seemed more poised and also less likable (with the exception of the sequence with the horses). Was that a strategic public image choice on her part or something that happened naturally?
5. Likewise, the tension between Mitt and Ann en route to the first presidential debate struck me as heartbreaking. Anyone else?
6. If some of this footage had been available to the public prior to the election, would people have responded more favorably to Romney? Would he have had a better shot at winning?
What else occurred to you while watching Mitt? Let's talk it out in the comments.
Documentary Club is a recurring feature in which we watch and discuss the finest documentaries available to stream on Netflix. Join in the fun, because it's easier than winning (or losing) a race for the presidency.
This post is a sponsored collaboration between Netflix and Studio@Gawker.


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Testosterone therapy -- which is becoming more popular, particularly among younger men -- was tied to a greater risk of having a nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) in a large observational study.
In the 3 months following a filled testosterone prescription, the risk of MI was more than doubled in men 65 and older overall compared with that in the year before the prescription (rate ratio 2.19, 95% CI 1.27-3.77), according to Robert Hoover, MD, ScD, of the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Md., and colleagues.
For younger men, testosterone therapy was associated with a greater risk only among those with pre-existing heart disease (RR 2.90, 95% CI 1.49-5.62), the researchers reported online in PLOS One.
"Given the rapidly increasing use of testosterone therapy, the current results, along with other recent findings, emphasize the urgency of the previous call for clinical trials adequately powered to assess the range of benefits and risks suggested for such therapy," they wrote.
"Until that time, clinicians might be well advised to include serious cardiovascular events in their discussions with patients of potential risks, particularly for men with existing cardiovascular disease."
A potential cardiovascular risk tied to testosterone therapy drew attention based on the results of multiple studies released in recent years. In 2010, a small randomized trial showed that older men treated with testosterone therapy improved their strength and mobility, but at the cost of a greater cardiovascular risk.
A meta-analysis of smaller studies yielded a similar result, and the point was driven home last year by a study showing that male veterans who were undergoing coronary angiography had an elevated risk of all-cause death, MI, and ischemic stroke associated with the use of testosterone therapy.
But those prior studies did not have enough patients to explore the relationship in men with and without pre-existing heart disease and did not include very many younger men.
Both issues were addressed in the current study, which included 55,593 men who filled a first prescription for testosterone therapy and were included in a large healthcare claims database. The researchers compared the rate of acute MI in the 90 days after the prescription to that in the year before the prescription was filled.
In the overall cohort, the risk of nonfatal MI was higher by 36% in the post-prescription period (4.75 versus 3.48 acute MIs per 1,000 persons per year; RR 1.36, 95% CI 1.03-1.81). The risk tended to increase with age (P=0.03 for trend).
For men 65 and older, the greater risk of MI seen in the 90 days after a prescription was filled was no longer apparent from 91 to 180 days among those who did not have a refill.
"Since we censored follow-up at the first refill, and the supply for most prescriptions was 30 to 90 days, it is likely that there was little use of the medication in the 91 to 180 day post-prescription interval when the risk declined," the authors noted. "Thus, the pattern of change in risk by supply of testosterone is consistent with an effect of the drug, and underscores the concerns raised by three recent studies in predominantly older men."
A drug effect also was supported by the lack of an association between filling a prescription for a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor and risk of an acute MI.
In addition, there are plausible biological mechanisms to explain the relationship with testosterone therapy.
"Exogenous testosterone is associated with physiologic changes that predispose to clotting and thrombotic disorders, including increased blood pressure, polycythemia, reductions in HDL cholesterol, and hyperviscosity of the blood and platelet aggregation," the authors wrote. "Testosterone therapy also increases circulating estrogens, which may play a role in the observed excess of adverse cardiovascular-related events, given that estrogen therapy has been associated with this excess in both men and women."
The study was limited, however, by the observational design, the use of administrative data that lacked information on indications for treatment, and the inclusion of nonfatal MIs only.
The study was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Cancer Institute.
Hoover reported that he had no conflicts of interest. One of the authors is owner of Consolidated Research (CRI), and four of the other authors are consultants to the company. None of the authors has been compensated by any manufacturers of products examined in the study.
Primary Source
PLOS One
Source Reference: Finkle W, et al "Increased risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction following testosterone therapy prescription in men" PLOS One 2014; DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085805.


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Gamer film review
A film based on making a real-life first-person shooter how could I resist? Well given the poor reviews quite easily, but hey what do the critics know so many seem to be snobby about 'video-game' films and sometimes they can still be entertaining even if they're not 'good'.
Either way I held off watching this, but Channel 5 gave it a network première on Sunday so I thought to record it and give it a go.
The premise is simple - technology has developed that allows remote control of other people; these people essentially get paid to rent their bodies out to strangers. This develops into pitting death-row convicts against each other in a real-life first person shooter video game. The story follows one of these convicts who is approaching the 30-game threshold that would mean they would be set free.
It should be an easy switch-your-brain-off-and-enjoy-it film. It's not. Disjointed direction and a plot that staggers from one action sequence to another with plot points appearing and disappearing as soon as they've been actioned. An attempt at character development has been crudely shoe-horned in along with a moral message about giving up power and control to others. Acting is phoned in and the script isn't even bad enough to be interesting and not cheesy enough to be placed in the "so bad it's good" category. Even the action sequences aren't that good; explosions and fast-paced shooting, but the poor direction and editing leaves it a sodden mess.
There is however one good point about this film... it's only 95 minutes long. So if for some reason you do decide to watch it you've only wasted an hour and a half of your life. Just a really bad movie.


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For Worldwide Release: June 2013
Release Number: GP18PR13
Moscow, Russia – Caterpillar Global Petroleum will showcase its Arctic packaging solutions at the upcoming MIOGE show in Moscow, Russia, June 25th – 28th. Caterpillar meets the needs of oil and gas customers operating in Russia with Arctic package enclosures for the complete line of Cat® diesel and gas generator sets which are designed and built locally. These power modules can be equipped with different control systems, switchgears and can have additional options such as fuel and oil tanks, air recirculation channels and fire -fighting systems to meet customer specific project and ambient requirements. In addition, Cat power modules can include the new Dynamic Gas Blending retrofit kit for land production. This transformational technology offers substantial fuel savings by continuously adjusting gas substitution for optimal performance.
In addition to meeting the Caterpillar application and installation requirements, all Arctic packages for the Russian region are designed and manufactured according to the Russian standards and norms and are GOST certified. "We have a strong history and footprint working in the severe climate conditions in the Russian oilfields and understand the specific customer requirements in this region," said Vladimir Shatrovsky, Caterpillar Global Petroleum business development manager. "The ambient temperature can vary from -50 C to 40 C at the same given location throughout the year. As a result, we have developed strict design requirements for our enclosures and can offer unmatched after sale support in the region."
A key differentiator for Cat Arctic packages is both product and parts availability. Inventory is maintained in Russia to enable quick packaging to specific customer needs. Many of the packages, including the 1 megawatt power module, are locally packaged in Russia. All manufactured packages are tested before shipping to ensure successful commissioning and operation at the job site and include a standard two year warranty. Technical documentation, drawings and decals are always provided in Russian. Parts availability is a non-issue due to the extensive presence of the Cat dealer network throughout the region.
For more information, visit industry experts on hand at the Caterpillar booth at MIOGE, Pavilion 1, Stand A303 or catoilandgasinfo.com.
# # #
About Caterpillar Global Petroleum - Caterpillar Global Petroleum, with headquarters in Houston, Texas, United States, groups all the sales and service activities for Cat oil and gas power solutions within Caterpillar Inc. Since the 1930s, Caterpillar has manufactured engines for the oilfield and today provides premier power solutions with outputs from 31 to 16,000 kW. The sales and service network includes more than 2,100 dealer locations world-wide dedicated to support customers in the drilling, production, well service and gas compression segments. More information is available at: www.catoilandgasinfo.com/
Note to Editors: Caterpillar rolls-out products and services in each of its territories at different time intervals. Although every effort is made to ensure that product information is released only after Caterpillar has received confirmation from our dealer network, our plants, and our marketing subsidiaries that products and services are available in the relevant region, editors are kindly requested to verify with their local dealer for product availability and specifications.
Caterpillar Global Petroleum Communications
Jenna Janik: firstname.lastname@example.com
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Posts Tagged 'ror'
Getting Rails to Work on a Windows Machine Running Xampp
Monday, March 31st, 2008
Wow… so I wrote a post on my struggles getting Rails to work on my Windows Machine, and then I figure it out. I've been developing in various languages, and using Xampp to for my server, database, and programming language (Apache, MySQL, PHP). Nevertheless, I have finally got it working, and it was a lot simpler than I had figured. In case you've come here and you're yet to get Xampp… I'll walk you through the whole process. If you already have it, then go ahead and skip to STEP 2
STEP 1 – Install Xampp – ApacheFriends has made it really easy by giving us a simple windows installer to download. If your interested in developing with Perl, Tomcat, you can download their Add-Ons by clicking the links. Once you download, just give it a click and follow the on-screen instructions. I recommend you install Xampp at the default c:\xampp (if you do not, remember to replace the code below with your installation directory). Here's a video to show you how simple it is…don't be fooled, it takes a little longer than the video shows.
STEP 2 – Install Ruby – Thanks to RubyForge, you can download an easy one-click Ruby installer to use here. Once you download, click to open, and follow the instructions. I recommend you install Ruby at c:\xampp\ruby so it falls in line with your other programming languages, etc…
STEP 3 – Install Rails – Fortunately, the Windows version of Ruby comes with RubyGems already set up. Open your Command Prompt (start-> run-> cmd -OR- start-> programs-> accessories -> command prompt) and type the following commands.
Do the gem update from the bin directory in rails. For my installation:
cd c:\ruby\bin
gem update
You may be prompted several times to choose which gem. Pick the highest version for (mswin32)
gem install rails --include-dependencies
There may be some delays, and the install could take a while. If you encounter an error trying to use the gem command, just restart the Command Prompt.
STEP 4 – Create a Rails App – While your still in Command Prompt, type the following Command (without the brackets, and change "your-app-name" to whatever you wish to call your application)
rails C:/xampp/htdocs/<your-app-name>
STEP 5 – Configure Apache – With your Xampp installation, http://localhost (localhost:80) defaults to the Xampp browser control panel, which displays your status, tests, etc.. We want to be able to use Ruby, without disrupting this service, or interfering with our standard Xampp settings. Open your Xampp directory (in our case C:\Xampp) and browse to Apache\conf\httpd.conf and open the httpd.conf file in a text editor or other text editor of your choice.
Scroll all the way to the bottom, and add the following:
Listen 3000
LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so
<virtualHost *:3000>
ServerName rails
DocumentRoot "c:/xampp/htdocs/<your-app-name>/public"
<Directory "c:/xampp/htdocs/<your-app-name>/public/">
Options ExecCGI FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride all
Allow from all
Order allow,deny
AddHandler cgi-script .cgi
AddHandler fastcgi-script .fcgi
Finally – Check it Out – Point your browser to http://localhost:3000 and you should see the "Welcome Aboard" from ROR.
If your also looking for some editors. A nice simple free PHP editor with great extensions is "PSPad". For hardcore coding, I recommend Zend(free for 30 days). For a nice simple free Rails Editor, "RoRED", something a little more intense I would say go with the free "NetBeans" (don't forget the .jdk).
Update 04/15/09
I now dual boot to Linux to play with ROR vs. fighting to install ruby on rails on a windows machine. I found it to be an endless battle of debugging.
Tags: linux, php, programming, rails, ror, ruby on rails, Technology, tutorial
Posted in Technology | 66 Comments »


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The Sun Netra T5220 also fulfills the above criteria. But as part of Sun's Netra carrier-grade line, this server has greater network throughput in a NEBS-certified 2U package (NEBS stands for Network Equipment Building Systems, a standard used heavily in the telecommunications and networking fields)."Carrier grade does not mean the Netra T5220 is only dedicated to telco customers," said Mark Butler, Netra systems product line director at Sun Microsystems (Santa Clara, Calif.), "Our server design and architecture meets telco requirements, like 20-inches depth, PCI-X cards legacy support and NEBS compliance, but it is open to other markets."
He noted that the Netra T5220 is also popular among government and military customers, as well as in other market segments. Its capabilities make it versatile, and it has been deployed as a media gateway controller for embedded OEM applications (such as industrial process control, semiconductor test equipment, and network imaging systems), application and Web servers, network proxy server, base station controllers, DNS services, firewalls for virtual private network/IP security (VPN/IPSEC), IP traffic management systems, security systems and streaming media. It is also used for content caching and in content distribution networks.
"Target markets for Sun's carrier grade Netra line are those that need the additional reliability, ability to survive in harsh environments or need a longer, more stable product life," said Butler. "The Netra T5220 server delivers scalability, energy efficiency and reliability for a variety of demanding applications."
All of this is built on the foundation of the UltraSPARC T2 chip. This processor brings together several elements typically associated with specific chips virtualization, processing power, networking, security, floating point units and accelerated memory access. According to Butler, integrating these elements on a single piece of silicon (Sun calls this "System on a Chip") reduces cost and increases performance, reliability and energy efficiency. At the same time, it can also function well as a general-purpose processor.
Using Sun's CoolThreads chip multithreading (CMT) technology, the UltraSPARC T2 processor require less than two watts per thread of power about one-tenth to one-thirtieth the power consumption of competitive offerings, said Butler.
"The UltraSPARC T2 processor sets the gold standard for green computing and efficiency, combining the industry's lowest power consumption with double the cores, 16 times the threads, 4 times the throughput, with on-chip network and security functionality," he said. "The UltraSPARC T2 processor has the potential to save systems builders and their end users millions of dollars on skyrocketing power, cooling and space expense."
UltraSPARC Now, Intel Later
Although Sun is keen to flaunt the glories of its SPARC processors, it has opened the door to x86 chips in upcoming models of the Sun Netra T5220 and other servers with the "T" designation. Just don't expect to see any on the market until Sun has well and truly exploited its sales advantage using its own CoolThreads processors.
Recent Articles About Sun
» Server Snapshots: Sun in the Real World
» Spotlight on Sun Microsystems
» 10 Server Room Must-Haves
"The Intel models will be available in the Q1 FY09. We will have both the entry server, 2U rack server and the 4U rack server," said Butler.
Sun said this is all about choice. Not all customers, for example, have highly threaded applications. And Butler admits that the UltraSPARC T2's jack-of-all-trades architecture may not be ideal in certain scenarios.
"For those sets of customers that have single-threaded applications, the x64 platforms sometimes achieve better performance," he said.
Jimmy Huang, product line marketing manager for CoolThreads Servers at Sun gives another perspective profits. Since Sun launched its Intel-based x64 line several years back, it has been pleasantly surprised by the bottom-line gains.
"We continue to see strong demand, quarter-over-quarter, for our x86 4-socket and above systems," said Huang. "Growth from Q2FY08 to Q3FY08 was just under 40 percent."
He said he firmly expects this trend to continue. In fact, Sun has taken yet another step in what could be the long road out of in-house chip manufacturing with a recent announcement of a 4-socket AMD-based server (the Sun Fire X4440), which begun shipping this quarter.
But given its superiority in several spheres, the UltraSPARC T2, or other SPARC-based antecedents are unlikely to disappear at least any time soon. Gordon Haff, an analyst at Illuminata (Nashua, N.H.), sees the UltraSPARC T2 (which he calls by its former code-name Niagara) as bucking the prevailing winds of the marketplace but doing so fairly successfully.
"For utility applications and network-facing systems, much of the IT universe has long-since adopted distributed x86 servers as their platforms of choice especially as you move out of mission-critical data center back ends," said Haff. "That's the big challenge faced by Sun with the Niagara line (and indeed anyone selling anything other than scale-out x86). But these are solid systems that can handle big loads with aplomb."
Whatever the future holds, expect more Netra models to be made available with a choice of processors. As well as the Netra T5220, the Netra X4250 server will have Intel inside. This carrier-grade system can expand up to a 8-way configuration within a 2U-footprint. It will offer a choice of multiple operating systems, 16 memory slots, 4 internal disk drives, and 6 PCI slots.
"Sun's Netra server line is the most comprehensive portfolio of carrier-grade servers, offering customers a choice of architectures (blades or racks), a choice of processor technology (SPARC, AMD or Intel) and a choice of operating systems (Solaris, Linux and Windows)," said Butler.
Ongoing Trends
Sun's Huang sees the Netra T5220 and other CoolThreads models as being a response to ongoing marketplace trends.
"Infrastructure load is growing on average by 20 percent each year but can double or triple every few months with the launch of a major new service," said Huang. "Organizations around the world are struggling to build IT infrastructure for Web, enterprise, database and technical applications, to quickly and securely support this demand from millions of new users and transactions with absolute efficiency and predictability."
At the same time, he said, these organizations must exploit the benefits of virtualizing their data centers to consolidate infrastructure, and reduce power and space consumption, while driving up agility, asset utilization and service levels. Growing energy consumption, too, must be tackled to reduce costs and carbon footprint in an eco-conscious world where per-unit energy costs are increasing. The Sun Netra 5220 is aimed squarely at addressing many of these issues.
|Netra 5220
Source: Sun Microsystems
|Sun Microsystems
|Processor Details
|4-, 6- and 8-core 1.2-GHz UltraSPARC T2 processors, up to 64 processing threads, 4 MB integrated L2 cache per processor
|Hard Drives
|Up to four internal 146GB SAS drives (2.5-in.)
|Operating Systems
|Solaris 10
|Configuration Options
|For $11,295: One quad-core UltraSPARC T2 processor (1.2 GHz), 4GB RAM and a 146GB SAS disk
For $22,895: One 8-core UltraSPARC T2 (1.2 GHz), 8GB RAM and 292 GB (2x146) SAS disks
For $24,495: One 8-core UltraSPARC T2 (1.2 GHz), 32GB RAM and 582 GB (4x146) SAS disks
|Now available; Intel-based models coming early next year
|1 year


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For about 20 years I have been writing reviews of books I have read, and sending them out to family and friends.
You may have read or seen the movie about Marley, "The World's Worst Dog." Marley, at least, was just a dog, and those whom he troubled might have had to suffer torn belongings and other messes. Marley was a piker at "worstness" though; he did not speak all the languages of Satan, for instance, and he could not change his shape into that of a seductive woman, and he could not render himself and his master invisible.
Reading "On the Origin of Species" is not like reading any other revolutionary scientific work. Even Richard Feynman said he couldn't get through all of Newton's "Principia," and there are few but specialists who get through Einstein's main papers. Part of the difference, of course, is that Darwin was dealing with biology, a science whose myriad subjects are as close to us as ourselves.
My guess is that you have already heard birds singing sometime today. I am not a birdwatcher, but you don't have to be one to notice that birds fit in all around us, and there are few environments, urban or rural, that are not enlivened by birdsong.
Everybody knew who Evel Knievel was in his heyday. He made a living doing dangerous things, and had a knack for making them into spectacles that the whole world paid attention to.
We have had the occasional flare-up of mass racial violence in the past few decades. We have had nothing like the summer of 1919, when there were riots and lynchings in many large American cities, and countless episodes of violence in smaller ones.
George Washington Carver has been pigeonholed by history. He plays two roles. He is first, the man who advocated peanut farming and invented all sorts of uses for the crop; we even go so far as to give him credit for inventing peanut butter, which he never did nor claimed to have done.
In the gothic thriller "The Mysteries of Udolpho" (1794), the mysteries consist of distinguishing the real from the supernatural, and one of the scary visions seen by the heroine Emily was a body in grave clothes, being eaten by worms. She really saw it, and the author reflects, "On such an object, it will be readily believed, that no person could endure to look twice." Is it a horrific supernatural vision, or is it a mere waxwork?
The generations that had had smallpox vaccination scars upon their arms are dying off. That scar might have served as something like a passport to get them into a new country, or it might have allowed them to enter school.
You say you are a human. Now, prove it. Wait, wait -- it's too easy to point to your face or to perform a tap dance as you sing "Bicycle Built for Two." That will not do at all.
Anywhere in the world, if you are in a group of people chatting, you will find yourself or find someone else talking in a way to attempt to produce laughter in those listening. It seems to be hardwired behavior for us, because it happens in every society we know. Not only do amateur humorists aim to bring laughter to others, professionals can get paid to do so, and the payment comes from people who buy tickets because they so value the laughter experience.
Everyone acknowledges now that William Faulkner was one of the greats in American literature, but like many writers, he had more than his share of flaws. Any biography will tell you about his depressions, alcoholism, and affairs, and "Every Day by the Sun: A Memoir of the Faulkners of Mississippi" (Crown) touches on all of these dark areas.
Go through any city and you will find graffiti written on any available surface. The stuff we see nowadays is usually spray-painted, and while some of it is just stupid and offensive, some has real artistry and style. Graffiti, of course, was not invented along with the spray can. It could famously be found on the walls of Pompeii, and also in Rome and in Egypt, and just about everywhere else in the ancient world.
The dazzling "Moby Dick" is not simply about whaling. Melville's grand and exhilarating volume is about good and evil, nature, the futility and magnificence of human endeavor, and literature itself, to list just a few subjects.
One of the mistakes in movies I always find funny is the opening scene where the director wants to set a locale in the mind of the viewer, so he might place the words "Washington, D.C." at the bottom of the screen, while at the same time showing the capitol or the Washington Monument, making such a caption unnecessary.
When you consider collecting as a hobby, say stamp collecting, you expect for some collectors to be informal about their collections and others to be obsessive, and you expect some collectors to be in it for love and others for money.
I think the first time I heard of liquid crystals, they were used for a silly purpose, within the Mood Rings which were a fad 30 years ago. The "gem" held by the ring changed color; the color-change was based on the temperature of the finger, and of course that had nothing to do with the wearer's mood.
In 1959 came to Broadway one of the best musicals ever, "Gypsy: A Musical Fable." It was indeed a fable, a musicalized version of the memoir by Gypsy Rose Lee, a memoir which was itself highly fictional.
While Space Shuttle flights have become so commonplace we haven't paid much attention to them in a while, and few people keep track of the doings of the International Space Station, when a robot has gotten to Mars and has started sending back signals, millions of people around the world wanted to watch the robot and see what it was finding.
A cartoon in our paper showed an addled scientist in a wizard's hat proclaiming, in our spate of winter weather, that global warming was the new global cooling. People have had a good deal of misunderstanding about global warming, and mocking egghead scientists might be satisfactory to those who want to say that there is no climate problem.
Search articles back to February 2009 with the form above.
1. Take It Easy: A history of the air raid and how it functions in its simplicity COLLEGE SPORTS
2. New pumpkin patch prepares to open in Caledonia COLUMBUS & LOWNDES COUNTY
3. Business Moves with Mary: Former Fred's, Ryan's buildings in Columbus under contract BUSINESS
4. Wright, Chism head to runoff in District 37 House race AREA
5. White House turns on Fauci as Trump minimizes virus spike NATIONAL


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MOG finally released a desktop app for OS X to accompany their web and smartphone-based players, which is great. But what makes it really interesting is that it's one of the first non-Apple desktop apps to offer native AirPlay support.
For people, like myself, who push their music around their home or office sans wires, integrated AirPlay support is wonderful because apps like Airfoil are no longer needed to facilitate that process. And hopefully this means we'll be seeing many more native implementations of AirPlay in multimedia apps from here on out.
As for the rest of the new MOG player, it looks identical to the HTML5 web player, which is fine, because that's nice looking UI. Plus, having a MOG icon on your dock to navigate to is nice when you have a million browser tabs and a million other windows open and you want to pick something different to listen to.
But in any case, the app is available now in the Mac App Store and it's free (the subscription, however, still costs a few duckets). [Mac App Store, MOG]


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Reviewed By George B (AURORA, IN) Reviewed for a 2004 Dodge Ram —7/7/2020 3:29 AM
very pleased with this sounds awesome with the cold air intake and noticed horsepower and torque increase for sure.
There are no customer reviews for this product
Reviewed By Keith N (DURANT, OK) Reviewed for a 2015 Ford F-150 —11/22/2017 8:25 PM
Put this on my F150 Ecoboost. Kind of difficult to put on without disconnecting the hose going into the throttle body because it blocks the nuts. Aside from that a pretty simple upgrade especially if you combine it with the AFE intake. I'm loving the combo of this and the Magnum Force intake. Noticeable power increase and fuel economy is better. Seems a little overpriced for no more than it truly does but compared to a lot of performance upgrades, not too bad.


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Taqueria Diana Joins the Late Night St. Marks Circuit
St. Marks Place has its share of late night taco stops, some more disreputable than others. The latest to join the fray is Taqueria Diana, which was opened by homesick Californian Matthew La Rue. The slender space boasts an equally streamlined menu: tacos, burritos, quesadillas, and nachos, with options of chicken, steak, carnitas, al pastor, cheese, and rajas, strips of roasted poblanos. There is also roast chicken.
The tacos ($3 each) are built on foundations of pliant, reasonably fresh corn tortillas. I wish they spent a little more time crisping up on the griddle, but by New York standards they do well, and they hold up the ample fillings piled on top of them. Al Pastor is full of crisp, almost burnt edges and some slivers of juicy pineapple. It could stand to be juicier, but the wash of chili heat and warm spices does this taco right.
By comparison, the Carnitas is downright demure. Though juicy, you could practically call the flavor clean. A perky salsa verde gives it the umph it needs, but some of the crisp edges from the al pastor would be a good addition. This pulled pork is all soft.
Solution? Order two tacos and split the fillings 50/50. Best of both worlds, and not a bad deal for six bucks at midnight. Or 4 a.m. on Fridays and Saturdays.
All products linked here have been independently selected by our editors. We may earn a commission on purchases, as described in our affiliate policy.


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around here & thrifted
Thank you for all of your comments about the last post, I'm glad to hear that this weighs heavy on the hearts of others as well.
I mentioned that I was doing some painting last week and I'm happy to say that we're done, for now. Our bedroom used to be a fog grey, we wanted something a little ashy and got blue instead. Anyways, it's much better in white and the amount of light we've gained is kind of impressive. We also bought a new bed which I put together last week. I'll have to get together proper photos but for now you can see some of my recent thrift finds.
I found this, very tarnished silver lotus bowl for $.80 and have removed some of the tarnishing but not all yet. I also found the large yellow and brown vessel and album covers. Jeremiah loves bright colors and we both find these vintage album covers comical so it just seemed to fit in our room.
In other news, I tackled the 5 loads of laundry I had been putting off since Sat night. I have this love/hate relationship with laundry. I hate seeing piles of clothes in the sorter but I hate washing even more. I also hate folding but love to see the drawers and closets full of neatly stacked clothes. Also hate that if I don't take care of it, ain't nobody else will!
I'm taking Israel in to the doctor tomorrow, nothing major but just some lingering questions about his sinuses that have been bothering me for too long. It's not easy being a parent, I'm sure it's not the last time I'll say that, but not all decisions are easy to make. Finding clothes that fit him or choosing healthy meals, easy. Knowing when an issue is worth going to the doctor for, hard.
Well for me anyways.
Other Stories
13 comments:
This lotus bowl is so wonderful and lovely! Just the right balance between restrained and accentuated color. And I hope there will be everything alright with Israels sinuses, wish you the very best!ReplyDelete
I'm with you on the knowing when to take him to the doctor and when it's nothing to worry about. I'm a believer in mothers instinct. You know your own child and when something is not right. After a serious incident with a friends health I've decided not to completely trust what the doctor says first time. That's not to say I don't trust the medical profession it's just that if I feel uncertain I will keep going back for reassurance as it sometimes takes questioning them to get more understanding. Hope all is good with Israel.ReplyDelete
P.S. Love your blog and first time I've commented : )
oh little israel is gorgeous...mother of two - evie 7 & ruby 4 and life is busy & hard & filled with love. altho i have struggles daily at whether i am doing my job ok w my babies. i have a tidy issue & wonder if this is rubbing of on them in a negative way...i try to match their outfits & wonder if i am supressing their own fashion sense...aaahh i wonder & wonder...but i go to bed looking forward to seeing their snuffly little heads again in the morning. xxReplyDelete
I think there's a lot of guess work in parenting that you no one ever tells you about. Maybe because they can't?ReplyDelete
I wonder all the things I'll have minor freak-outs about.
I somehow missed your Japan-post ... but yeah, I been thinking about the idea of having safety and then suddenly NOT. Very scary indeed. I was in Japan several years ago and the country and people are so warm and lovely. It is quite sad.
Hi : ), you always find great things!!, I have a love/hate relationship with my laundry too, I don't like a mess in the house but I don't like to do the laundry : ) . Hopefully Israel get well very soon. Being a parent like you said is hard but at the same time is the most wonderful thing. Have a nice day!ReplyDelete
How pretty and nicely placed...I have a complete love/hate relationship with laundry too!ReplyDelete
I feel the same way about being a parent. When to draw that invisible line?? Organic, natural, herbal, blah blah blah, we do it all. But I'm always paralized by fear that I will miss the point at which we should just go to the doctor's office.ReplyDelete
I think part of it is loosing control as a parent and part of it is not having a good doctor whom you trust to turn to (at least in my case).
Israel is so cute! we all heart for Japan..ReplyDelete
So beautiful things around your home!ReplyDelete
Good luck with the doctor tomorrow (I know exactly how you feel!)!
We have the same Oscar socks. They crack me up.ReplyDelete
Hope your little one feels better in no time.
I often feel the same way. Trust your instinct. You'll be relieved if it turns out to not be a problem and relieved to know you asked if there happens to be an issue. Hope everything works out well.ReplyDelete
- vinylvixenMarch 18, 2011
Just discovered your lovely blog today and I like using vintage album covers to decorate as well. I have food-themed ones in the kitchen that are especially cool. Photographer John Purlia uses vintage album covers, toys, etc. in his work and they have great, vibrant color. He has some of his covers up on flickr, they're fun to browse through. Enjoy!ReplyDelete
what great covers! hope israel is feeling better and the doctor's appointment went well. he is SUCH a cutie :)ReplyDelete
Thank you for your comments, I love hearing from you!
Questions, comments or sponsorship inquires, please contact me via the 'contact' link.


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Since the onset of US Secretary of State John Kerry's visits to revive the staled peace talks between Israel and Palestine there has been a sharp increase in settlement expansion plans in the West Bank, with construction rising 335% in the first quarter of 2013. In the month of June alone, Israel announced its plans to build 1000+ new homes in Itamar and Bruchin, along with the retroactive legalization of the Eli outpost.
The Palestinian Authority, the U.S. and the international community have condemned the renewed activity, reiterating the long held position that settlement construction in the occupied Palestinian territories (oPt) undermines any possibility of the still mutually espoused Two State Solution.
Meanwhile Israel continues to claim Palestinian intransigence (i.e. the PA's insistence on a complete settlement freeze before entering into any sort of negotiations) as evidence that Israel does not have an honest "Partner in Peace." This long held Israeli position has become increasingly untenable in light of recent candid statements made by high-ranking Israeli officials this week about Israel's intension to hold and settle Palestine in perpetuity. As economy Minister Naftali Bennett said, "the attempt to establish a Palestinian state in our land has ended," according to Haaretz.
These "extremist" comments, met with shock and outrage from the international community, reflect the reality of what has been taking place in the oPt for decades. The real shock may not be in the comments themselves but how they expose the rhetorical sleight of hand, where Israel espouses peace while simultaneously continuing the processes of Judaization and annexation of Palestinian land. Regardless of the rhetoric coming from the Knesset, the developments in the West Bank and East Jerusalem since Kerry's visit are completely consistent with an Israeli policy in the West Bank that has undermined the viability of two states for two peoples.
Construction in 2013
According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics data, new construction in the West Bank rose steeply during the first quarter of 2013, nearly 335% compared to the previous quarter. According to Israeli settlement watch organization Peace Now, this marks a seven year high in the region.
According to Peace Now, the construction of 865 units began between January and March. In May Israel cleared construction for 1000 new settler homes in East Jerusalem: 800 units in Gilo and 300 in Ramot, as noted at the time by the Palestine Monitor. And in June plans were advanced for 1000+ news units in the settlements of Itamar in Bruchin, along with the retroactive legalization of illegal outpost known as Eli. The 675 new units in Itamar located east of Nablus will increased the settlement fivefold, and the expansion of the Bruchin by 550 will increase it nearly ten times its current size, according to Peace Now.
The Israeli regional council in the northern West Bank welcomed the news, saying, "Samaria has recorded an impressive 10% annual growth rate and provides thousands of young couples, both secular and religious, high levels of culture and education and vicinity to central Israel.," according to Ynet News. Both official and unofficial governmental subsidies have facilitated migration East of the Green line as Israeli's look for better economic opportunities, according to a report by Maan Development Center.
PA Response
News of the recent settlement upsurge has received widespread condemnation from the Palestine Authority (P.A.) and the International community alike. Nabil Abu Rudeina, spokesman for president Abbas said in response to expansion of Itamir: "We consider these new decisions over Israeli settlements in the West Bank to be an abortion of the US administration's efforts," according to Maan News.
Nabil Shaath, an Abbas adviser, also spoke about the recent settlement activity:
"This Israeli government is destroying the two-state solution and the prospects of a peace deal in deeds and words," he said. "They [the Israelis] say they have the right to build anywhere they want in the West Bank, and then they say 'let's go to negotiations' while they continue building settlements on our lands, and then they blame us if we say that there can be no negotiations with the continuation of the settlement activities" the Times of Israel reported.
This Israeli government is destroying the two-state solution and the prospects of a peace deal in deeds and words.
This Israeli government is destroying the two-state solution and the prospects of a peace deal in deeds and words.
U.S. State Deparment spokesman Jen Psaki added we "Certainly we find this unhelpful."
The expansion of these particular settlements in 2013 is troublesome considering their "sensitive" locations within the West Bank. Ramot and Gilo are situated in East Jerusalem; construction here is designed to sever the future Palestinian capital from the rest of the West Bank. Furthermore, construction in the isolated settlements of Bruchin and Itamar, located deep within Palestinian territory, diminishes the possibility of a two state solution based on the mutually agreed upon Land Swaps. The overall settlement activity in 2013 reflects a specific policy, pointed out by Palestinian academic Rashid Khalidi in 2012, in which, "Israeli planners have systematically acted in ways to make a state impossible, by building settlements in regions that make it impossible to create a contiguous, viable Palestinian state (i)."
Eretz Israel
This long established physical reality being imposed in the West Bank has recently received ideological public support from high Ranking Knesset members. Bethlehem based Maan News reported that in an interview with Israel Channel 1, Deputy Defense Minister Danny Danon said, "The Jewish people are not settlers in the West Bank but Israel will make the Palestinians settlers and Jordan will be the one taking control over Palestinians and that's it." In response to the Kerry peace talks Danon said "there would not be a Palestinian state, whether Kerry visited or not."
In a Times of Israel interview, Danon spoke about the sentiment within the coalition government: "there was never a government discussion, resolution or vote about the two-state solution… and nobody will bring it to a vote, it's not smart to do it — but if you bring it to a vote, you will see the majority of Likud ministers, along with the Jewish Home [party], will be against it."
This sentiment was reiterated on Monday by Economy Minister Naftali Bennett. In a conference held by the Yesha Council, an umbrella organization for municipal councils of Jewish settlements in the West Bank, Bennet said, "the attempt to establish a Palestinian state in our land has ended," according to Haaretz. "The most important thing in the Land of Israel is to build, build, build," he said. "It's important that there will be an Israeli presence everywhere. Our principal problem is still Israel's leaders unwillingness to say in a simple manner that the Land of Israel belongs to the People of Israel. "
While these statement led to sharp condemnation from various members of the Israeli government, they clearly reflect the processes at work in the West Bank and East Jerusalem.
While these statement led to sharp condemnation from various members of the Israeli government, they clearly reflect the processes at work in the West Bank and East Jerusalem.
While these statement led to sharp condemnation from various members of the Israeli government, they clearly reflect the processes at work in the West Bank and East Jerusalem. Netanyahu distanced himself from the comments but even his "milder" rhetoric shows his government's position on the peace process and the Two-State Solution.
Last week, Netanyahu made a statement in which he claimed "construction in major settlement blocks does not substantially affect Israel's ability to come to an agreement," according to Haaretz. The Prime Minister has consistently reiterated the Jewish Right to all of Jerusalem. At a recent Likud-Beytenu conference, he said "We will continue to live and build in Jerusalem, which will always remain united under Israeli sovereignty," as published by the Israeli daily, Isreal Hayom.
Even more telling was his statement that if a Palestinian state is established "it would have to be demilitarized and with arrangements that rely fully on the Israel Defense Forces for security." A state that doesn't control its borders or security and whose army is the occupying power is not an autonomous State, but the "state" of Palestine today. While the rhetoric from Danon and Bennet may seem extreme, it honestly reflects what is taking place on the ground in the oPt.
Broken Record
While these new settlements undermine the physical validity of the two-state solution, and the intensions of the Israeli state become more publicly apparent, the real question is why both the P.A. and International community continue to pay credence to the possibility of a Two-State solution achieved through bilateral U.S. brokered negotiations, when nothing as of yet has indicated Israel's intensions to allow a autonomous and viable Palestinian state.
When the two parties have managed to sit down, the outcome has been disastrous for Palestinians. Since the landmark Oslo agreement, which was the supposed first step towards Palestinian statehood, we have seen a doubling of the Israeli settler population in the West Bank and East Jerusalem, the extension of Israeli administrative/military control over the majority of Palestinian territory, making a two state solution geographically improbable (ii).
As scholar Rashid Khalidi, one of Abu Ammar's (Yassar Arafat) key advisors during the Oslo negotiations, states, "It (the Oslo agreement) was never designed to achieve independent Palestinian statehood. It was never designed to end the occupation. It was really designed, of all people, by Menachem Begin, to make permanent Israeli control over the occupied territories. And that is what has succeeded until now (i)."
The only nation with the political capital to force Israel's hand has instead supported the Israeli state at all turns, funding its occupation and protecting its ally from international scrutiny; Since 1948 the U.S. has launced 50 U.N. Security Council vetoes to protect Israel (iii). The U.S. has refused to stop Israeli settlement construction through sanctions or relinquishing aid (3 billion annually (i)), even as it acknowledges their detriment to the peace process. Assuming impartiality in U.S. brokered negotiations is considered disingenuous by many, and for decades no legitimate political, economic, or military pressure has been put on the Israeli state to change its colonial policies in the oPt.
Yet the Palestinian Authority and the international community continue to pay lip service to the Two-State solution achieved through negotiations, when both the physical reality on the ground and the ideological underpinning of the Israeli State indicate otherwise. This may be due in part to political anxieties surrounding the One-State Solution, or a lack of options in pressuring Israel in other fashions. However, as the feasibility of two states diminishes with each new round of settlement construction, and as the intentions of the Israeli state become more transparent, it is clear that a new outlook and process is desperately needed in the region.
Work Cited:
(i) Khalidi, Rashid. Brokers of Deceit: How the US has undermined peace in the Middle East.
Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 2012. Print
(ii) Farsakh, Leila. "The One-State Solution and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: Palestinian Challenges and Prospects." The Middle East Journal Volume 65, Number 1, Winter 2011 pp. 55-71
(iii) Aruri, Naseer. "United States policy and Palestine: Oslo, the intifada and Erasure." Race and Class. 52.3 (2011): page 3-20. Print.
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When our co-founders first decided to make the leap from homebrewing to commercial production, they took a long hike in Rocky Mountain National Park. Notebook and homebrew in hand, they set out to develop a vision for their company. On that now legendary trek, they sketched out a few big ideas about how they wanted their work to manifest in the world. They knew they wanted to produce world-class beers in an environmentally friendly fashion. They talked about promoting beer culture and the responsible enjoyment of beers. It was important for them to have fun while working hard. The Core Values and Beliefs that our CEO, Kim Jordan, and her co-founder, Jeff Lebesch, scribbled in their notebook that day continue to guide us. To visualize this, let's take a look at our strategic plan:
Each and every autumn, we roll up our sleeves to do some strategic planning for the year ahead. During this exercise, we work to define our initiatives (from company-wide initiatives to each coworker's personal initiatives). As the graphic to the left illustrates, we must ensure that every initiative we define ties directly back to one or more of our CVBs, and to our overarching purpose statement. In this manner, the CVBs and purpose statement serve as our constant "north star," guiding us all together in the same direction, and helping to ensure that decision-making always reflects our values and priorities.


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The 100 Moments of TSU Athletics presented by Taco Bell® series continues by remembering a handful of moments in Tennessee State football history.
One of the staples of the TSU football program over the years has been playing in "Classic" games against other HBCUs. The Classics are like bowl games during the season that are usually played at a neutral site.
TSU is 63-44-3 all-time in the Classics, and even won 21 straight Classics from 1954-1982.
The Tigers' most played opponent all-time has been Jackson State. The two squads play every year in the Southern Heritage Classic, and TSU typically has gotten the better of JSU, posting a 14-10-1 record against their long-time foe. TSU's 14 wins include this year's 38-12 drubbing of JSU.
The Tigers' first appearance in a Classic was in 1946 when they traveled to Washington, D.C. to take on North Carolina College in the Capitol City Classic. TSU lost the game 6-14, but a new tradition was born. TSU played in the Capitol City Classic off and on until 1978.
In 1947, the Tigers added the Bluff City Classic in Memphis, Tenn. to their schedule and they immediately found success. TSU beat Arkansas A&M 26-0 in its first Bluff Classic and posted a 13-2-2 record all-time in Memphis.
TSU's second most played in Classic behind the Southern Heritage is the Atlanta Classic. The Tigers didn't find much success in Atlanta, but they did win their first game (14-0 over Morgan State) and their last appearance (29-18 against Florida A&M).
In 1999, TSU got a Classic of its own in the John Merritt Classic. The JMC honors the legendary Tiger coach and is played in LP Field. The Tigers are 10-4 all-time in the game and the JMC is only one of two Classics that are hosted by a single FCS institution. The Tigers extended their winning streak to three this season when they beat Florida A&M 17-14.
Overall, TSU has played in 21 different Classics in 19 locations across the country including Los Angeles and Las Vegas.
The 100 Moments of TSU Athletics presented by Taco Bell® highlights some of the greatest moments in honor of Tennessee State's centennial celebration. A new moment will be released each weekday for a total of 100. These moments were chosen by the TSU 100 Moments committee, which consists of alums from various departments. TSU has so many great moments, not all can be represented in these 100.
Sports Information Assistant Alex Mitchell contributed to this article.
Follow TSU Athletics on Facebook.com/TSUTigers and Twitter @TSU_Tigers.


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Giddyup, it's time for part two of the Big Rich Texas reunion special.
Once again, Vivica A. Fox hosts. On stage are Bonnie Blossman, Whitney Whatley, DeAynni Hatley, Shaye Hatley, Melissa Poe, Maddie Poe, Cindy Davis, Alex Davis, Kalyn Braun, and Connie Dieb. Drama queen Leslie Birkland joins the conversation via video camera from a safe house.
Part one of the Big Rich Texas reunion special covered Bonnie vs. Leslie, Whitney vs. Kalyn, Cindy vs. Alcohol, and Jason vs. Tyler. On part two's agenda: DeAynni's parenting, Kalyn's engagement, Jason's blessing, and Connie and Leslie's battle of the polygraphs.
Also, a sneak peek of Big Rich Atlanta, which premieres next Wednesday!