text:
The group launched a scheme to defraud banks in order to obtain loans for upscale properties, some valued in the millions of dollars, according to the FBI.
Real estate broker and investor Ramara Garrett and her boyfriend and business partner Jim Sotolongo were arrested by the FBI on Friday and charged with conspiracy to defraud financial institutions into lending them millions of dollars in a mortgage fraud scheme that lasted seven years, a federal criminal complaint shows.
The couple, who live in Wilbur-by-the-Sea, along with Winter Park title agent Stephanie Musselwhite and mortgage broker Christopher Mencis — an associate of Sotolongo — were the focus of a three-year investigation by the FBI's Fraud Task Force.
FBI Agent Robert Robichaud wrote in the complaint that Sotolongo, Garrett, Musselwhite and Mencis, as well as other co-conspirators who have not been charged, were part of the "Sotolongo Mortgage Fraud Ring."
For a period of seven years, between 2005 and 2012, the group made false statements to financial institutions for the purpose of influencing the banks on mortgage loan approvals, according to the complaint. The group launched a scheme to defraud the banks in order to obtain loans for upscale properties, some valued in the millions of dollars, the complaint states.
Sotolongo, according to Robichaud, bought or sold approximately 20 houses during that seven-year period but was also involved in approximately 70 fraudulent transactions. Musselwhite was the closing agent on most of the loans the ring obtained, and Garrett or Realtors who worked for her represented several individuals involved in a number of the fraudulent home purchases, the complaint states.
Neither Garrett nor the other defendants could be reached for comment Friday.
Mencis, who was not in custody as of Friday afternoon, acted as the mortgage broker on most of the loans obtained by the group, the complaint states.
The complex scheme was perpetrated via eight companies that included a used car firm in Winter Park linked to Sotolongo and co-conspirator Abdul Rifai; a title agency linked to Musselwhite and her daughter Melissa Musselwhite, also in Winter Park; and Garrett's companies Waverly Property Group LLC and Waverly Media LLC, the complaint states. The latter was raided by FBI agents in January in connection to the mortgage fraud investigation.
At their first appearance hearing in federal court in Orlando on Friday, Garrett and Musselwhite were each granted a $25,000 signature bond, or recognizance bond, and released. Sotolongo, meanwhile, was detained and booked into the John E. Polk Correctional Facility in Sanford without bail. His bail hearing is scheduled for Wednesday at 1:30 p.m. before U.S. District Court Judge Thomas B. Smith.
Sotolongo, wearing jeans, a white long-sleeved polo shirt and sandals, and Musselwhite, dressed in business attire, were bound with leg irons, handcuffs and chains around their waists in court Friday. Garrett, who is 37 weeks pregnant with Sotolongo's child, according to her attorney Brian Phillips, was not shackled or handcuffed. She too wore sandals, jeans and a white knit top. The trio answered direct questions from Judge Smith but said nothing about the case or the charges against them.
But the 25-page criminal complaint authored by Robichaud speaks volumes.
The four charged on Friday, as well as the Waverly Property Group and some of the co-conspirators that made up the Sotolongo Mortgage Fraud Ring, purchased several upscale properties in Volusia, Lake, Seminole, Orange and Pinellas counties, the complaint said. The group used "straw borrowers," or individuals with good credit scores, the complaint shows.
Robichaud said the use of straw borrowers allowed the ring to purchase more properties than if the four main defendants had bought the houses in their own name. Additionally, the use of the straw borrowers allowed the four defendants to sell or flip the houses to other individuals — often co-conspirators — and avoid financial liability when the houses fell into foreclosure, the complaint states.
The plan took off and exploded with the increases in real estate prices in the state, Robichaud said. The ring's fortunes continued to climb until 2007 and 2008 when the market began to plunge.
At last count, Robichaud said, the ring was involved in the purchase of 70 properties in Central Florida, many of which are in foreclosure or have been subject to final orders of foreclosure.
Robichaud said Sotolongo and Garrett would find a property to purchase from a seller. The first step of the fraud was to tell that owner that the house needed renovations. Then, the defendants would select an inflated purchase/sale price to submit to the lender. Robichaud said the lenders had no idea about the inflated price.
The third step was to have one of the straw borrowers apply for a loan from a lender. Sotolongo would direct the straw borrowers to Mencis or other mortgage brokers, Robichaud said. The mortgage brokers would then submit false statements in a handful of combinations that included: an inflated contract price, the intended use of the property, the straw borrower's income and employment, the straw borrower's assets and liabilities, and the source or amount of the straw borrower's down payment, the complaint said.
Musselwhite closed most of the deals and deposited excess money in two shell companies created by Sotolongo and Garrett.
The complaint lists at least eight high-dollar properties in Volusia County that were part of the scam.
Not only did Sotolongo and Garrett live in some of these upscale properties — most of them oceanfront or riverfront houses — but they also profited by renting out some of the properties as luxury vacation sites, the complaint states. The companies used for that plan included Waverly Property Group and Daytona Beach Luxury Rentals.
Garrett has been involved in other economic and political ventures in Volusia County. She had a past partnership with County Councilman Josh Wagner in a handful of projects, including a failed attempt to lease the Daytona Beach Pier in 2011 to open a restaurant and Floridian View magazine. Garrett also contributed to Wagner's re-election campaign, as well as to the campaigns of County Councilwoman Joyce Cusack and Daytona Beach Mayor Derrick Henry.
Waverly Media, with its bus benches stationed along busy roads around the area, sold political advertising in several of Volusia's political races last year, including Wagner's successful bid for the council. The company also ran ads for Carl Persis and Ted Doran, who both made unsuccessful runs for chair of the County Council. Records show Persis paid Waverly $13,000 and Doran paid almost $12,000. Wagner paid about $9,000, records show.
Garrett, her companies and her mother have also given maximum $500 contributions to several local candidates since 2010. Waverly Media and the now-defunct Waverly Property Group have donated $7,500 since that time, and Garrett and her mother have contributed another $6,750.
Garrett's contributions, as well as those of Waverly Media LLC and some of Garrett's employees, are also the focus of a separate state investigation concerning election fraud.


text:
Boston cheers capture of bombing suspect
WATERTOWN, Mass. - Lifting days of anxiety for a city and a nation on edge, police captured the surviving Boston Marathon bombing suspect, found bloodied in a backyard boat Friday night less than 24 hours after a wild car chase and gunbattle that left his older brother dead and Boston and its suburbs sealed in an extraordinary dragnet.
"We got him," Boston Mayor Tom Menino tweeted. A cheer erupted from a crowd gathered near the scene.
"CAPTURED!!!" police added later. "The hunt is over. The search is done. The terror is over. And justice has won. Suspect in custody."
During a long night of violence Thursday and into Friday, brothers Dzhokhar and Tamerlan Tsarnaev killed an MIT police officer, severely wounded another lawman and hurled explosives at police in a desperate getaway attempt, authorities said.
Late Friday, less than an hour after authorities said the search for Dzhokhar had proved fruitless, they tracked down the 19-year-old college student holed up in the boat, weakened by a gunshot wound after fleeing on foot from the overnight shootout with police that left 200 spent rounds behind.
He was hospitalized in serious condition, unable to be questioned about his motives.
Tamerlan Tsarnaev, 26, died in the shootout early in the day. At one point, he was run over by his younger brother in a car as he lay wounded, according to investigators.
The violent endgame unfolded four days after the bombing and just a day after the FBI released surveillance-camera images of two young men suspected of planting the pressure-cooker explosives that ripped through the crowd at the marathon finish line, killing three people and wounding more than 180.
Ethnic Chechens
The two men were identified by authorities and relatives as ethnic Chechens from southern Russia who had been in the U.S. for about a decade and were believed to be living in Cambridge, Mass. But investigators gave no details on the motive for the attack.
President Barack Obama said the nation owes a debt of gratitude to law enforcement officials and the people of Boston for their help in the search. But he said there are many unanswered questions about the Boston bombings, including whether the two men had help from others. He urged people not to rush judgment about their motivations.
The breakthrough came when a man in a Watertown neighborhood saw blood on a boat parked in a yard and pulled back the tarp to see a man covered in blood, authorities said. The resident called 911 and when police arrived, they tried to talk the suspect into getting out of the boat, said Boston Police Commissioner Ed Davis.
"He was not communicative," Davis said.
Instead, he said, there was an exchange of gunfire - the final volley of one of the biggest manhunts in American history.
Watertown residents who had been told in the morning to stay inside behind locked doors poured out of their homes and lined the streets to cheer police vehicles as they rolled away from the scene.
Celebratory bells rang from a church tower. Teenagers waved American flags. Drivers honked. Every time an emergency vehicle went by, people cheered loudly.
"They finally caught the jerk," said nurse Cindy Boyle. "It was scary. It was tense."
Police said three other people were taken into custody for questioning at an off-campus housing complex at the University of the Massachusetts at Dartmouth where the younger man may have lived.
"Tonight, our family applauds the entire law enforcement community for a job well done, and trust that our justice system will now do its job," said the family of 8-year-old Martin Richard, who died in the bombing.
Carjacking victim
The FBI was swamped with tips - 300,000 per minute - after the release of the surveillance-camera photos, but what role those played in the overnight clash was unclear. State Police spokesman Dave Procopio said police realized they were dealing with the bombing suspects based on what the two men told a carjacking victim during their night of crime.
The search by thousands of law enforcement officers all but paralyzed the Boston area for much of the day. Officials shut down all mass transit, including Amtrak trains to New York, advised businesses not to open, and warned close to 1 million people in the entire city and some of its suburbs to unlock their doors only for uniformed police.
Around midday, the suspects' uncle, Ruslan Tsarni of Montgomery Village, Md., pleaded on television: "Dzhokhar, if you are alive, turn yourself in and ask for forgiveness."
Until the younger man's capture, it was looking like a grim day for police. As night fell, they announced that they were scaling back the hunt and lifting the stay-indoors order across Boston and some of its suburbs because they had come up empty-handed.
But then the break came and within a couple of hours, the four-day ordeal was over. Dzhokhar Tsarnaev was captured about a mile from the site of the shootout that killed his brother.
War-torn country
Chechnya has been the scene of two wars between Russian forces and separatists since 1994, in which tens of thousands were killed in heavy Russian bombing. That spawned an Islamic insurgency that has carried out deadly bombings in Russia and the region, although not in the West.
The older brother had strong political views about the United States, said Albrecht Ammon, 18, a downstairs-apartment neighbor in Cambridge. Ammon quoted Tsarnaev as saying that the U.S. uses the Bible as "an excuse for invading other countries."
Also, the FBI interviewed the older brother at the request of a foreign government in 2011, and nothing derogatory was found, according to a federal law enforcement official who was not authorized to discuss the case publicly and spoke on condition of anonymity.
The official did not identify the foreign country or say why it made the request.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
DK Glovesheet Flat Sheet (130x160cm) - Organic: Pink
DK Glovesheets, we have been manufacturing the original fitted sheets since 1950. Our original sheet design still fits the mattress better than other fitted sheets. The deep corners and elastic edge keep them firmly attached to the mattress, without slipping or rucking. Glovesheets are made from top quality 100% combed cotton interlock, which is far stronger than the single-jersey material used by most other manufacturers, and will last for much longer. It is thicker, and softer to lie on. We carefully and responsibly source our cotton yarns, which are then knitted and dyed in the UK, before being turned into exceptional quality sheets in our family run factory in Surrey.
Glovesheets come in our full range of colours, and sizes to fit most nursery mattresses.
Our Organic Glovesheets are exactly the same as our standard sheets, but are made from 100% Organic cotton interlock. Our Organic yarn is grown in Turkey, without the use of artificial insecticides, pesticides, or fertilisers, using methods that are ecological, economical, and socially sustainable. Methods such as crop rotation and the use of natural means to suppress insect attack are used to maintain the soil fertility and control pests. This helps to promote a healthy environment and maintain biological diversity. GM crops are strictly prohibited.
Like our standard range of Glovesheets, we source the yarn direct from the producer and oversee the entire production process, as it is passed from the knitters in Nottingham to the dyers in Leicester, and finally to our factory. This way we ensure that our sheets are as ethically produced as possible, as well as controlling quality. None of our Glovesheets are chlorine bleached.
Flat & Flannelette Sheets
Our top sheets are made in England from 100% cotton, and are designed to complement the rest of our range of nursery bedding. Flat sheets are a traditional bed sheet, in nursery sizes. Made of a high quality combed cotton fabric, that is lightweight and perfect for the summer, these are ideal to use beneath our 100% cotton cellular blankets.
Flannelette sheets are made from a soft 100% cotton weave that will keep your baby snug and comfortable, especially in the winter. These are ideal to use with our range of blankets.
Orders under £75 attract a £5 postage and packing charge for Mainland UK excl. Highlands.
All orders over £75 are postage free for Mainland UK excl. Highlands.
Highlands & Islands postage charges are from £15 per parcel/ box upto 20kg. Northern Ireland is classed as Overseas by our carriers and is charged accordingly. Smaller items that can be posted by Royal Mail will subject to the standard postage charges for Mainland UK.
Postage dependant on size and weight of box. Charges quoted are for a box upto a size of (80cm x 60cm x 50cm) and upto 20kg in weight. Excess charges will apply to multiple boxes or boxes with a gross or volumetric weight over 20kg or of a larger size. Exact price of shipping will be emailed to you before dispatch, once we have your agreement by email for the shipping charge we will dispatch your goods and charge your payment card accordingly. For higher value items an excess insurance charge maybe payable of approx £7.
£12 - Isle of Wight (1-2 day)
£16 - Channel Islands (2 day service)
£18 - Northern Ireland & Republic of Ireland. (2-3 day service)
£18 - France, Luxenbourg, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany. (3-4 day service)
£22 - Austria, Denmark. (3-4 day service)
£25 - Spain, Italy, Czech Republic, Slovakia. (4-5 day service)
£30 - Sweden, Finland, Poland, Portugal, Hungary, Slovenia, Croatia, Estonia. (5 day service)
£40 - Greece, Bulgaria, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania. (5-10 day service)
£50 - Switzerland (3-4 day service) (INCLUDES STATUTORY CUSTOMS FEE OF £25)
£70 - Bosnia, Norway, Iceland, Serbia. (5-7 day service) (INCLUDES STATUTORY CUSTOMS FEE OF £25)
The checkout will automatically charge the set amount for your country however if there is a change in the charged carriage rate we will confirm the postage charge to you before dispatch and before charging (or refunding) your card with any additional charge or refund. You will also be advised of a tracking number and of the carrier used. In most cases we will use either DPD Local or TNT for deliveries, smaller items may be sent by Royal Mail, possibly as a Signed For delivery service too.
You have the right to cancel this agreement but this right ends 14 days after the date we deliver the products to you in accordance with the Consumer Contracts Regulations 2013. Any amounts you have been charged will be repaid to you by way of credit to your account within 14 days. However we may have delivered or dispatched the products you have ordered. In this circumstance, you may return the products to us at your own expense; in most cases this will be most cost effective if arranged by yourself. For bulky items this can be arranged by one our advisors and will incur an uplift/ third party collection charge this will be deducted off any refund due to yourself. The charge for this collection is £30 per consignment upto a total gross weight of 10kg and then 30p per kilo above 10kg. For any goods returned you are advised to return the items using a signed for delivery means as the goods are your responsibility until delivered back to our address. As long as the item is unused and in a resaleable condition we are able to offer an exchange or refund. We recommend that you return any goods in their original packaging to avoid any damage that may occur in transit (please note the goods remain your responsibility until they are returned to us). Please ensure when returning goods a note is enclosed with your order number, address, surname and reason for return so we can process as quickly as possible and please ensure that your return is securely boxed. You have 14 days to exercise your right to cancel and 14days to return the goods from the day of cancellation. PLEASE NOTE goods returned outside this timescale will not be accepted for return. If you wish to cancel please call us on 01904 674800 or e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com. Please note for hygiene reasons mattresses, nappies, bedding and feeding products and other items of a personal nature cannot be returned once opened unless faulty. Your statutory rights remain unaffected..
In the case of faulty products, we will repair and return the item as soon as possible (depending on availability of spare parts). If we are unable to repair, a replacement will be offered. If we are unable to replace we will refund your money, provided the instructions governing the use of the products have been followed and there has been no misuse. Any items being returned for refund must be returned complete including all accessories. This does not affect your statutory rights as a consumer.
Paul Stride
20 Kathryn Avenue
Monks Cross


text:
Chemical or Radiation Spill
- Any spillage of a chemical or radioactive material is to be reported immediately to the University Police Department at extension 4357 (HELP) or 256.765.4357.
- When reporting, be specific about the nature of the involved material and the location. The University Police Department will contact the necessary specialized authorities and medical personnel.
- The professor or supervisor should vacate the affected area at once and seal it off to prevent further contamination of others until the arrival of public safety personnel.
- Anyone who may be contaminated by the spill is to avoid contact with others as much as possible, remain in the vicinity and give their names to the University Police Department. Required first aid and clean up by specialized authorities should be started at once.
- If necessary or if directed to do so by the University Police Department or the Building Coordinator, activate the building alarm. CAUTION: THE BUILDING ALARMS RING ONLY IN THE BUILDING - you must call the University Police Department or the Building Coordinator.
- When you are told to leave by the University Police Department or by the Building Coordinator, walk quickly to the nearest marked exit and alert others to do the same.
- ASSIST THE DISABLED IN EVACUATING THE BUILDING. Remember that elevators are reserved for disabled persons' use only. DO NOT USE ELEVATORS IN CASE OF FIRE.
- Once outside, move to a clear area away from the affected building(s). Keep streets and walkways clear for emergency vehicles and personnel.
- If requested, assist the University Police Department and/or the Building coordinator.
- DO NOT RETURN TO AN EVACUATED BUILDING unless directed to do so by the University Police Department, the Building Coordinator.
Note: If possible, all labs should have placards on the door listing all types of hazardous materials stored in the lab.
For Emergencies
For emergencies dial (911) or (4357) on any campus phone.


text:
The School of Music is proud to offer many courses that include partnerships with community organizations and schools. Below is a sampling of community engagement integrated into courses.
Project Headstart
Project Headstart is a collaborative venture between the Ithaca College Music Education Department and the Tompkins Community Action Headstart Program. The project is designed to provide music experiences both for children with special needs, such as students with disabilities and those who are English language learners, and for children from low income and high needs backgrounds. During weekly visits to Ithaca College's campus, students from area Headstart programs participate in lessons designed to provide valuable musical opportunities. Music lessons are also structured to enhance and expand skills that are taught in their Headstart classroom. These include gross and fine motor, language, cognitive, and social skills. In addition to the enhancement of developmental skills, children in this program experience the joy of making music from the time they enter the class until they leave. Read More ⟶
Reaching Out to Audiences
This course taught by Paige Morgan is an exploration of how musicians can reach and build broader audiences for the various genres of classical music. Topics include the importance of community involvement, musicians' interaction with audiences, visual presentation of performance, presenting 20th- and 21st-century music to diverse audiences, connecting with music education programs in colleges and public schools.
Creative Arts Methods for Older Adults
This course explores the techniques for developing a creative arts program for older adults that including music, drama, and movement. The process combines an overview of gerontological issues and their relationship to the needs of older adults. Classes meet on campus and at local adult-care facilities.
Composing in the Schools
Composition majors work with a local middle school to compose an original work for performance by the middle school ensemble. Composition students meet at the middle school and develop a work based on the conductor and students feedback. Another aspect of this course is the Books out Loud Garage Band Project. In partnership with Fall Creek Elementary 4th Grade, Ithaca College students spend a week in residency in the school teaching students to use Garage Band to connect themes of books to music they create.
IC Ensemble and Public School Partnership Program
Ithaca College major ensembles, such as choir, women's chorale, wind ensemble, concert band, symphonic band, and symphony orchestra partner with their counterparts in the public schools to share concerts, perform side-by-side rehearsals, and conduct sectionals.
Touring Partnerships
When Ithaca College is on tour to bring music throughout the Northeast, a partnership with a high school or community ensemble is always one aspect of the experience. These partnerships enhance the touring experience for Ithaca College students and provide distinct learning opportunities for students in each community visited.
Annual Community Performances
Wind Ensemble
Founders Day Concert in Dewitt Park
Holiday Concerts at Ithaca Country Club, Ithaca Rotary Club, and First Presbyterian Church of Ithaca
Symphony Orchestra
Martin Luther King Jr. Tribute Concert
Featured ensemble at Gospel Festival in Ford Hall where 250 underrepresented students from around the country travel to Ithaca College to perform.
Martin Luther King Jr. Tribute Concert


text:
First Friday events, 10.05.12
December 26, 2012
These are some of the highlights of this month's First Friday events. The events highlight the latest offerings from galleries, businesses and even churches in the downtown area. Many feature talks from artists, demonstrations and special openings. The events run from 5-8 p.m. Friday unless otherwise noted.
If you want to submit your event for November, send a description of the event, along with a high-res JPEG of the artwork you are featuring, to firstname.lastname@example.com. There is no charge.
At least 13 different displays are available for viewing Friday.
For a complete list, go to http://www.greeleydowntown.com/signature-events, then just click on First Friday.


text:
Directed by Kim Jin-man (김진만)
Screenplay by Bae Yoo-mi (배유미)MBC | Airing dates : 2006/04/08~2006/08/06
34 episodes - Sat, Sun 19:50
Theres no nobody. Everybody is once an important person to somebody.
The Life Story of Beautiful-minded People; The true meaning and hope of life can be learned from ordinary people.
What makes Love Truly different from other stories is its characters; those who work in the Blue House (Korean presidential residence). This drama introduces the viewers the place considered mysterious and tabooed in TV dramas. It also features the people working inside the most unknown place in the country.
Even though the presidential residence is the main setting of the story, the main characters of the story arent the presidential family. The story focuses on the true residents of the Blue House; those who have always been in the very center of the history, but remained nameless for many years. In this story, the viewers will meet the presidential cook, kitchen staff, a carpenter, a photographer, bodyguards and other workers.
These people are working in the most unusual and interesting place in Korea. Nobody recognizes their hard work, but they strongly believe that the food they cook, the door they fix, and a phone call they answer can make a difference. They take their work very seriously and always do their best. The story features the simple, but noble spirit of those who love their job and work hard. Therefore, the Blue House in this story represents the workplace of the hardest working people in the country, rather than the secret and off-limits presidential residence.
Yeo, Bong-soon (Actor: Yoo Jin): 25 years old, cook
Shes a happy, fun-loving, honest and unpredictable person. She loves daydreaming. Shes always thinking about something. Shes such a bookworm. Her little room is filled with stacks of books. She loves eating. She recently realizes that shes a gifted cook. She used to live with her grandmother in the middle of nowhere. Since she was completely out of touch with the world, she seems like an alien to other people. She runs into problems at every corner in the bustling metropolis of Seoul. She gets carsick all the time. She speaks with a very thick Kang-won (East province of Korea) accent. For most people, its almost impossible to understand exactly what she says. However, its easy to like her. Shes incredibly diligent. Shes always on the move. She gets up at 4 in the morning as she used to do in her hometown. Her assiduity bothers Bong-ki who is extremely lazy. Soon she realizes that there isnt much to do in the city at 4 in the morning, so she takes a job delivering milk. Her neighbors have hard time understanding her. For them, her interest in other peoples business seems unnecessary. They arent used to getting help that they dont ask for. However, as time goes by, they start opening their hearts and accept her.
Nam, Bong-ki (Actor: Lee Min-ki): 28 years old, bodyguard
Hes tall and good-looking. His physical appearance seems almost perfect. However, hes terribly lazy and self-centered. Hes such a player and he looks down on women. Hes the kind of person that people love to hate. He doesnt want to get involved in other peoples lives. Hes a very individualistic and selfish person. He tries to avoid anything that requires responsibility. He doesnt have any problem saying no when someone asks for his help. He doesnt feel bad about anything. He loves shoes and collects them. He often argues with his father who isnt happy with his being shallow. Appearance means everything to him. Hes very popular with women. He knows many women. He even categorizes them by appearance. According to his classification, Bong-soon belongs to the lowest group. He never wastes his money and time on the unqualified women. He once fell in love with a woman. She was his high school sweetheart. However, after his girlfriend of 7 years left him to marry a doctor, he hates all the doctors in the world. He becomes the bodyguard of the presidents son, Jang Jun-won. Ironically, hes a doctor. Bong-ki can never understand Jun-won. How can a married man fall for another woman? How can any man fall for Bong-soon? However, protecting this man is his job. Hes confused; it seems that hes instead protecting Bong-soon from Jun-won. He follows Jun-won everywhere; the hospital, operation room, rest room and his house.
Jang Jun-won (Actor: Ryoo Jin): 31 years old, the son of the president
Hes always smiling. Hes as handsome as a movie star. Hes very intelligent and kind. The women in the hospital where hes working all agree that hes the sexiest doctor in the country. Hes generous, modest and warm-hearted. Hes very popular with his patients. Its hard to believe that hes the son of the president. Hes not interested in the way he looks. In truth, he doesnt have time to worry about such things. His hair is usually messy and his clothes arent always clean. Judging by appearance, Bong-ki looks more like the son of an important person. Only a few people know that his father is the president. Without knowing that Jun-won has a bodyguard, people find it strange that Bong-ki is always following Jun-won. Hes been married for five years. He has a five-year-old daughter. His wife has been suffering from Alzheimers disease for three years. Jun-won feels helpless about the fact that he cant do anything to make her better. His in-laws want him to get a divorce and start a new life. However, he cant give up on his wife unless she wants to leave him.
*Characters surrounding Bong-soon*
Lee Han-sook (47 years old /Geum Bo-ra)
As woman as one can be, a woman whose womanhood is stronger that motherhood, and as meek and sentimental as she can be. She is still very beautiful but was even more stunning when she was younger and was once able to become an actress and still dwells upon those days. She can sometimes be ignorant, frivolous and boastful. She has a lot of affection, which keeps guys surrounding her, but her boasting also gets her into a lot of trouble. As well, the fact that she has a lot of grudges held inside her heart causes her to have a lot of tears. Her fate tells her that if she had become an actor or something of that sort she wouldve become big, but because she didnt go into that field she thinks that her life is filled with twists and turns. Every guy she has met has had some kind of problem, and in order to fix her fate she got married to a man with children and lots of money. Three years into their marriage, however, he died in an unexpected accident. Eventually she ended up taking care of all his children. She also loses all the assets he left her to all sorts of frauds, and the job she took in order to make a living, being an extra for different TV shows, is her current job. This job is where she met Hyun-joons father; a complete romantic who is 5 years younger than her and marries her despite his familys protests, because he loves her. The son she had with him is Hyun-joon, but this awesome romantic tragically leaves her for his new love 7 years into their marriage.
Geum Soo-kyeong (19 years old /Sin Min-hee)
Han-sooks stepdaughter.
The daughter of Han-sooks second husbands first wife, a senior in high school, who looks like shes in her mid-twenties when not wearing her school uniform because of her stunning supermodel body and looks. A complete rebellious girl and juvenile delinquent, who transfers from this school to that school in order to avoid getting kicked out of school, her misdeeds are not done secretly but in order to drive her stepmother insane because she hates her to death. Like a child planning on how to make Han-sooks life unbearably miserable she endlessly has her called to school and to the police department. There was a time when she opened her heart up to her stepmother; the time when she promised to take care of her and her sibling like her own children but the very same woman who promised to take care of them went ahead and got married to another young man, taking them with her. There were days when she wanted to take her sibling and run away to an orphanage but she didnt have enough courage to actually do it. Her stepmother took her and her sibling by the hand and awkwardly walked into her new husbands house. Soo-kyeong can not forget the feeling of humiliation she felt that day watching her stepmother laugh and flirt in the arms of another guy, forgetting about her father. She decided never to forgive her stepmother from that day on and herself for still being next to her stepmother and not being able to leave her. Soo-kyeong, cynical and cold, a girl who has nothing she wants to do or be; a girl is suffering severely from growing pains.
*Characters surrounding Bong-ki*
Nam Dae-shik (61 years old /Bong-kis father-Jang Yong)
A character who never wears socks and wears his pants folded up all year long. A hot-tempered perfectionist. He came into the Blue House in charge of the greenhouse and has been working there as a carpenter for 30 years. He has worked there the longest and has served 7 presidents during his time there. He worked at the general affairs secretarys office and retired, but because of his excellent work skills he was called back to work on a contract basis. He knows about every single corner of the Blue House and there is not a place in the building which hasnt been touched by him, so his existence is absolutely needed. His one super secret is that hes fallen in love! There is absolutely not a single feminine trait on this woman but interestingly enough every time he sees her, his heart beats. Love at such an old age... The tingling feeling, the loneliness, the embarrassments...
Lee Sang-jik (48 years old /Chief of the Blue House Guard Department-Yoon Seung-won)
The best bodyguard, a man who has served 3 successive presidents. A professional with an upright nature and strong will to get things done. He is one of the bodyguards that all the juniors look up to and want to be like. He never gets mixed up with official or personal matters, in fact hes so precise that at an unofficial occasion or event he can be fun and easygoing, but when at work he is sharp, full of charisma and a strict trainer of his juniors. His one goal these days is to train a guard to take his place. He watches Bong-ki and Joo-yeup closely and sometimes makes them compete with one another, purposely getting them upset and driving them through extra hard trainings. Out of all the butlers in the Blue House they are the most powerful but have poor economic power. He has thrown all his money into sending his wife, son and daughter abroad to study and lives a miserable life in his small single room. The fact that he lives in a small, rented room at Bong-kis house is his biggest secret. Because of that, he sometimes feels threatened by Bong-ki.
Kim Joo-yeup (28 years old /Blue House guard-Yoo Tae-joon)
Bong-ki and he entered the Blue House together as guards. He is a born student and after his training goes right to the President Guard team. He is a social climber, wanting to be the best guard, and by nature the exact opposite of Bong-ki. He is moving up with his precise judgments and will to reason in any given situation. He has the abilities, looks, and the body but his one flaw is that he has a very cold heart. He is always in competition with Bong-ki and Bong-ki in fact is loved by all the women working in the Blue House. His martial arts skills are outstanding but when in competition with Bong-ki he is always a step late and loses to him because of their differences in fighting style. Bong-ki springs at anything while he calculates every move. Though it is always him who wins in a competition with Bong-ki, his anxiety to defeat him swells inside of his heart. Joo-yeup wants to become Koreas best bodyguard, but what is the best bodyguard? He lacks skills in dating, something he looks like he would be good at. He is the only son of a police station chief.
Kang Moon-seuk (28 years old /Blue House guard-Yoon Ji-hoo)
Bong-kis closest colleague, he gets placed in the investigations department with Bong-ki after training. He is a lot like Bong-ki, mischievous and full of humor. He is able to play a lot of games and other miscellaneous stuff. He is especially good at singing, even better than some singers. He is in great shape and his looks arent all that bad, in addition to that his has great dancing skills, which gets him all the girls at least until he starts to talk, when all his charisma comes crashing down. He grew up in the Hwang Young-jo village in Samcheuk so he has a Kangwon-do dialect. He has great love and pride for his hometown and he proudly talks about how he is the second person to really succeed, after Hwang Young-jo, from his village. He is excited when he meets Bong-soon because she is from the same town as him and helps her with everything he can. He acts as a dialect interpreter between Bong-ki and Bong-soon. He loves Bong-ki, and even though Bong-ki tries everything to get out of work, in the end he is always the one that ends up actually doing to work. While Bong-ki judges people by their looks Moon-seuk thinks that there is no one like him. His family owns a restaurant in Samcheuk. He is the first son and is known as a very faithful son.
Episodes Guide
Eps. 1
At the police officers inauguration ceremony, the president entered the drill ground under heavy police guard. However Bong-ki, who was supposed to be guarding th president goes off on his own and talks to a slim, fashionable girl. One night, Jun-won goes mountain climbing he slips and falls down a steep hill and gradually loses his consciousness. On the way back home after gathering firewood, Bong-soon finds Jun-won and brings him home. After Jun-won regains his consciousness, he almost faints with surprise. Meanwhile, the Blue House was all abuzz with the news of Jun-won being missing. The whole security department is put on emergency alert and Sang-jik recalls Bong-ki to come back to work. Bong-ki was on vacation, traveling abroad with his girlfriend, becomes upset that he has to come back.
Eps. 2
Bong-ki meets Bong-soon when he goes to the Kang-won province to pick up Jun-won, but Bong-soon drops an egg on Bong-kis shoes and Bong-ki gets furious because he cherishes his shoes dearly. However, Bong-soon doesnt yield easily either. Finally, Bong-ki goes to Bong-soons house to look for Jun-won and starts to grumble about a lot of things. Bong-ki behaves very strangely, which angers Bong-soon, so she hides Bong-kis ID card out of hatred. The next morning, Bong-soons grandmother loses consciousness and cant wake up. Bong-soon takes her to the hospital, but still she can not regain her consciousness. Bong-soon feels terrible for not taking better care of her grandmother. After she finally restores her consciousness, Bong-soons grandmother tells her to look for her mother, which she cannot understand.
Eps. 3
Bong-soon takes her grandmother to the hospital, but still she does not regain her consciousness. Bong-soon feels terrible for not taking better care of her grandmother. After she finally regains her consciousness, Bong-soons grandmother tells her to look for her mother, which she cannot understand. Meanwhile, Bong-ki realizes that he has lost his ID and goes back to the Kang-won Province to look for it. However, when he gets to Bong-soons house, but can not find his ID card, so he comes back to Seoul having failed in his effort. Bong-soon then comes to Seoul, solely relying on Jun-wons business card, but feels lost in Seoul. She manages to find Jun-won, but she can not meet him since he is in the middle of a surgery. To make matters worse, she gets all her money stolen.
Eps. 4
While taking a walk Bong-soon sees the President on a large electronic bulletin board. Bong-soon feels a bit weird because the President looked strangely familiar. Dae-sik goes to the cemetery on the day of his wifes death, and there, he comes across Bong-soon who has come to see her grandmother. Dae-sik and Bong-soon become friends and the two go out to have a drink. Later Bong-ki comes to the cemetary and is surprised to see Bong-soon with his father. Since she has nowhere to stay, Bong-soon goes to Bong-kis house with him and spends the night there. The next day Bong-soon goes to see Jun-won and explains to him her situation, but Jun-won doesnt know how to help her either.
Eps. 5
Not having anywhere to go, Bong-soon follows Bong-ki home. Eventually she ends up spending the night there. The next day she goes to June-won to explain her situation but hes not in the greatest situation to take care of her either.
Bong-soon makes a big racket at Bong-kis house because of a 100-year old duh-deuk, which is worth a fortune. When they find out that they used up Bong-soons money for living in Seoul, Bong-kis family all feel sorry towards her and dont know what to do. Eventually, Dae-shik suggests that in order to pay her back hell let her live with them.
Eps. 6
Bong-soon finds out that Bong-ki ate the 100 year old duh deuk and starts to cry. Bong-ki has a hard time believing Bong-soon, but feels sorry about eating it without asking first and promises her that he will pay her back for the duh deuk.
A man walks up to Bong-soon, who was on her way to the Blue House, and as he finds out that she is not familiar with Seoul, tells her to follow him.
Eps. 7
Bong-soon starts to lighten up after being comforted by Jun-won and her heart starts to flutter thinking of him.
After hearing from Bong-ki that the only way into the Blue House is to go to the official website and sign up for a tour, Bong-soon goes back to the Blue House to ask where the website is located and there she meets the Blue House carpenter Dae-shik. She follows him into the Blue House and shows him the picture of her and the president. After seeing the picture Dae-shik starts to feel uncomfortable with the thought that she might be the presidents daughter.
At on event where the first lady invited some senior citizens who live alone to tour the Blue House, one senior makes a mistake and Bong-ki carefully handles the situation.
Eps. 8
Bong-soon loses her visitors permit while in the Blue House but with Bong-kis help she is able to slip away without getting in trouble.
Bong-soon loves going to the hospital to see Jun-won, so one day she happily packs him a lunch and goes to the hospital. While there she looks into his locker and finds a lot of laundry in it so she decides to wash all his stuff for him.
Bong-shil is endlessly happy the she found Jun-won and could do his laundry for him.
After staying at the hospital all day Jun-won takes Bong-soon home. She tells him to stay and play a game of Go-stop (Korean card game). After resisting at first, he eventually gives into her and goes into the house to play cards.
Meanwhile, at the Blue House kitchen a cooking contest is about be held to pick the new cook.
Eps. 9
With the help of Dae-shik, Bong-soon enters the cooking contest in order to hire a new cook for the Blue House. While the other contestants use expensive materials in making their food Bong-soon uses very cheap ones from the ordinary material she picked from the mountains, but the final results go differently than predicted.
Meanwhile the first lady feels her heart break to see her son, Jun-won, having a hard time with Jee-soo and tells him to get divorced. However Jun-wons love towards Jee-soo doesnt change, so the first lady just keeps on getting heartbroken seeing her son going through such hard times.
Bong-soon and Bong-ki have a drink to celebrate her getting the job in the Blue House kitchen. While they drink Bong-soon starts to cry in memory of her dead grandmother and, watching her, Bong-ki starts to notice a strange feeling fall upon him.
Eps. 10
Bong-soon becomes drunk and goes to see Jun-won. Bong-soon is thankful for Jun-wons warm congratulations for getting a place to work, but he is very surprised when he hears that she got a job at the Blue House kitchen.
Finally it is Bong-soons exciting first day of work. She temporarily gets transferred to cooking at the presidents invitational Childrens Day event. She gets nervous thinking that she might finally be able to meet the president, but because of a little kids prank everyone starts screaming and the whole event becomes a disaster and Bong-soon is suspected as the culprit.
Meanwhile, Bong-ki goes out to pick up Jun-wons daughter, who is coming back Seoul. Jun-won hears that his daughter has come back home and heads straight to the official residence and bumps into Bong-ki, who was guarding Hyo Won.
Eps. 11
Bong-ki hears that Jun-wons daughter, Hyo Won is coming and goes out to the airport to pick her up. Jun-won hears that his daughter has come back home and heads straight to the official residence and bumps into Bong-ki, who was guarding Hyo Won.
Meanwhile, back in the kitchen Bong-soon is riddled with mistakes. She burns the rice that was supposed to go out on the lunch table, and after some consideration about what to do she makes her specialty potato ong shim ee and sets it on the guests table for lunch. The other staff in the kitchen sit worrying about the guests reaction towards her cooking but to their surprise the visitors are completely satisfied with the dish.
She gains some confidence and makes the dish for the president and gives it to Kang-sahn to take to him. He is half doubtful but as he sees the president enjoying the dish, saying that it is a dish from his memories, he starts to look at Bong-soon in a different way.
Eps. 12
Bong-soon thinks of the Jun-won and starts dreaming a happy dream. In her dream she kisses Jun-won, and while Bong-ki happened to be passing by she hugs and kisses him. Bong-ki is surprised but doesnt seem to dislike it.
Bong-soon goes to the hospital Jun-won works at to see him. Bong-soon has put on her new shoes and new clothes and is very happy at the thought of seeing Jun-won, but awaiting her is Jun-won and his daughter. She becomes surprised at the fact the Jun-won is a married man.
Eps. 13
Bong-soon sees Jun-won holding Hyo-won and realizes that he is a married man. After realizing this she feels ashamed and quickly leaves. Jun-won apologizes to Bong-soon and puts a bandage on her hurt leg. Bong-ki, watching all this, feels sorry for Bong-soon.
Hearing that the president wants to eat Bong-soons buckwheat noodles she prepares the dish with great care. But it is right when Jun-won has come to the official presidential residence to eat with his family; Bong-ki tries to tell him that Bong-soon is in the kitchen preparing food but Jun-won doesnt get the point. As Bong-soon comes out pulling the trolley with the food Jun-won is surprised and hides under the table.
Eps. 14
Bong-soon gets onto a bus and, not knowing where she is, gets off at the last stop. Bong-ki follows her and watches her walk the street looking very blue. He takes her to a boxing gym and gives her a pair of boxing gloves. Bong-soon puts the gloves on and soon after boxing with Bong-ki starts to feel a little better.
Bong-soon gives Dae-shik the picture of her and the president and asks him to meet the president for her. Bong-ki walks in on their conversation and, wondering what they were talking about, looks at them with curious eyes. Sang-jik accidentally sees the picture of the president and is surprised to find out that the little baby in the picture is Bong-soon.
Eps. 15
Bong-soons heart breaks looking at Jun-won with his wife and thinking of all the hardships he must have gone through for the past 3 years. Bong-soon goes to Jun-wons house to study and is startled to meet Ji-soo, she also starts to feel confused watching Jun-won so devoted to Ji-soo.
Bong-ki goes out on a date with Jin-kyeong on Bong-soons birthday and feels uncomfortable thinking of it. He buys a cellular phone for her and hurries home but it is only after Jun-won has already bought one for her.
Eps. 16
Bong-ki finds out that Bong-soon is the presidents daughter. He thinks of all the weird things she said and is frozen-stiff surprised by it. He tried even harder to make sure that Bong-soon and Jun-won dont get any closer. Meanwhile, Jin-kyeong sees Bong-soon using the phone Bong-ki bought and becomes furious.
Eps. 17
After failing in one of his surgeries Jun-won calls Ji-soo wanting to be comforted but instead of comforting him she just hangs up the phone like a child.
Feeling even bluer he calls Bong-soon and the two go out to eat, but at the restaurant they bump into Bong-ki and Jin-kyeong. Bong-ki starts to feel very angry watching the way Jun-won is treating Bong-soon.
Eps. 18
Bong-soon gets the chance to serve the president with Kang-san and is overcome with joy at the thought of finally being able to meet her father. She sees Jun-won with the president, however, and becomes startled when she finds out who he really is. She becomes so surprised that she starts crying in front the president and the first lady. Thinking that Jun-won and she are family she tells him that it would be better if they dont see each other for a while and gives back the phone he gave her.
Meanwhile, after hearing from Jin-kyeong that Bong-soon is dating a married man the kitchen staff start preaching to Bong-soon about morality. Bong-soon, not knowing what theyre talking about, becomes totally confused.
Not liking the way Jun-won treats Bong-soon, Bong-ki gives him the picture of Bong-soon and the president telling him to go find out the truth for himself. Finally, the president finds out about Bong-soons existence.
Eps. 19
Bong-soon finally meets the president. She is happy at the thought that she is going to finally be able to meet her father, but she is dumbfounded when she finds out the truth about her father and her birth. After finding everything out she becomes depressed, so in order to cheer her up Jun-won spends time with her.
Bong-ki senses that there is something going on between Bong-soon and Jun-son so he decides to set Bong-soon up with Joo-yeup. Eventually the two meet, but Bong-ki still feels nervous.
Meanwhile, the president decides to find Bong-soons real mother. The guard team finds Han-sook and goes to see her.
Eps. 20
Bong-ki waits in front of the house for Bong-soon but gets mad when he sees Bong-soon and Jun-won together. Jun-won starts getting confused about his feelings towards Bong-soon.
Bong-soon takes some fresh grown vegetables that she grew in her garden to the presidential residence. There she sees the cooks cooking in the presidential residence kitchen. She is surprised when she sees them working busily at Kang-sans commands, and by luck she also gets a chance to show Kang-san her cooking abilities.
Bong-soon finds out Han-sooks address from the guard team and goes there. She draws a picture of her mother, whom she has longed to see for so long and goes to visit her. Finally, she meets the woman she has been waiting so long to meet.
Eps. 21
Finally, Bong-soon and Han-sook meet and together they go to the Blue House. Not knowing why she is going to the Blue House, Han-sook is very confused.
Bong-soon is disappointed when Han-sook doesnt even remember Bong-soons father. Ji-soos mother tells Jun-won that she is going to take Ji-soo. Jun-won tells her that he can not let that happen and becomes stressed, but also confused at Ji-soos mothers strong attitude.
Jun-won, who has been thinking of what to do between Ji-soo and Bong-soon, by chance runs into Bong-soon and takes her to an empty lakeside. Watching Bong-soon trying to cheer him up, he starts to find her very attractive and so he kisses her.
Eps. 22
Jun-won is even surprised at himself for kissing Bong-soon. He gets out of the car confused and distressed. Bong-soon watches him and sadly walks towards him. Jun-won drives Bong-soon home and he faints in the arms of Bong-ki.
Bong-soon looks at Jun-won, who is lying on the hospital bed with pitiful eyes. Bong-ki persuades her into going to work and warns Jun-won not to hurt Bong-soon. Ji-soo comes to Jun-wons hospital ward and begs him to sing for her, which causes her to start crying.
Bong-soon has a hard time concentrating on cooking and eventually messes up the meal for the day. Also, she has trouble getting the right taste for the cheese gratins. She goes to Kang-san and asks him to be her cooking teacher.
Eps. 23
Thanks to Kang-san, Bong-soon becomes a cook in the presidential residence kitchen, but the other cooks are displeased with the decision and are cold to her. To top that she keeps making endless mistakes. Meanwhile Han-sook moves into Bong-kis house because she keeps getting threatened by some people she borrowed money from. Bong-soons hate for her just keeps getting deeper and deeper.
Bong-soon by chance happens to see Jun-won, his mother-in-law, and the First Lady talking. Jun-son tells Bong-soon that his mother-in-law is soon going to take Ji-soo away. As soon as she hears that her feelings starts to get mixed-up again. She feels sorry at the thought that all this is happening because of her, so she goes to Jun-won but he is still sick.
Eps. 24
Jun-won decides to let Ji-soo go. As if she knows how he feels, Ji-soo starts to regain her memory. Ji-soo calls out Jun-wons name and he is overthrown with joy. He takes her to the hospital to find out if she has fully recovered.v Jun-won and Ji-soo go to the presidential residence to have dinner with the president and the first lady. The president tells Bong-soon to attend but Bong-ki stops her from going. She goes anyways and meets Ji-soo. Bong-soon has trouble looking Ji-soo straight in the eye but the situation is as hard on Jun-won as it is on Bong-soon.
Eps. 25
The first lady looks at Jun-won with suspicious eyes as he takes Bong-soon out. When they get out Bong-soon tells Jun-won that she will let him go. She starts to dislike herself because she feels that she is stopping Jun-won from going to Ji-soo.
Meanwhile, Bong-ki takes Bong-soon to a skating rink so that she can stop thinking of how to pay back all of Han-sooks debts. At the same time Jun-won also takes Hyo-won and Ji-soo to the same skating rink. When Jun-won sees Bong-soon holding Bong-kis hand and skating, he starts to feel a weird feeling of jealousy grow inside of him.
Eps. 26
Jun-won soon leaves the skating rink after seeing Bong-ki and Bong-soon skating so happily together, but keeps thinking about it. When he returns from his thoughts, however, he finds that Ji-soo has disappeared. With the help of Bong-ki and the other guards he finds Ji-soo but he starts to feel miserable for not knowing what to do about Bong-soon and Ji-soo.
Meanwhile, Bong-soon breaks the champagne bottle that was prepared for the prime minister of Finland and gets herself into a situation where she might have to quit. With the help of Hyung-do she gets a chance to make up for it, but the other cooks who dont like her get in her way. Bong-soon is completely devastated when she suddenly comes up with a plan.
The prime minister of Finland finally arrives. Bong-soon prepares a different drink to replace the champagne and brings it out with the food she prepared. The prime minister is offended when he sees the drink and food, but he holds in his anger and listens to Kang-sans explanation and takes a drink.
Eps. 27
Bong-soon goes to Bong-ki, who is getting ready to go to work, and asks him to meet up after work, then she picks out a tie for him wear to work. Excited, he goes out to the place they promised to meet but is disappointed to find out that Bong-soon called him out to introduce him to her friend, Mal-sook. Later he gets drunk and calls Bong-soon. Meanwhile, Hyo-won asks Bong-soon to make her some food that will help her mom get better, and help her memory come back. Bong-soon starts to surf the Internet to find what will be good for Ji-soo. The first lady finds out about her and Jun-won and tells Bong-soon to take Hyo-won to the house and make it for her there. Bong-soon then goes to Jun-wons house with a heavy heart and starts to make food for Ji-soo.
Eps. 28
While talking to Hyo-won about whether or not her mother is going to get better, Bong-soon runs into meets Jun-won who has come back home from work. Meanwhile Bong-ki laughs and plays jokes with Soo-kyoeng but his broken heart doesnt feel any better. The First Lady tells Bong-soon to be careful about her feelings toward Jun-won.
Eps. 29
Bong-soon takes some fruits and vegetables and makes them into animal shapes in order to make Hyo-won feel better. She also tells Hyo-won that whenever she feels sad or scared she should start naming trees so she wont feel scared and sad anymore. Then Jun-won, Ji-soo and the First Lady watch them as Bong-soon hugs Hyo-won.
The First Lady reads Jun-wons mind and tells Bong-soon to make Jun-won and Ji-soo something to eat. But Jun-won says that he will do it and tells Bong-soon to go home. Ji-soo doesnt know what to do when the First Lady and Jun-won start quarreling. Ji-soo looks at Bong-soon, who is fluttering, and can feel Ji-soo looking at her. Shaking, she looks up. The two woman look at each other with nervous looks.
Eps. 30
The First Lady shows Jun-won the pictures taken by journalist Shin. Surprised, Jun-won apologizes to the First Lady for disappointing her and promises that he wont disappoint her ever again. He also asks her to make sure that Bong-soon doesnt find out about it. Bong-soon brings in some porridge for Hyo-won who feels a strange feeling when the First Lady calls her name, but stops from saying anything back.
Meanwhile, Ji-soo, thinking that Hyo-won got hurt because of her, decides to leave to the States with her mother. Jun-won starts crying incessantly when Ji-soo tells him that she wants to leave before she forgets about herself and Hyo-won again.
Eps. 31
Bong-soon becomes hysterical when she finds out that Han-sook has received money form the First Lady, but only after she has already used some of the money. Bong-soon gets extremely angry at Han-sook, but after she apologizes for her actions Bong-soon becomes silent.
Meanwhile, Bong-ki finds Jun-won drinking alone at home, suffering from the pain of letting Ji-soo leave. Bong-ki tries to cheer him up and takes him to a karaoke bar and sings at the top of his lungs. Then suddenly he stops and starts to tell Jun-won about his sad past.
Eps. 32
Bong-ki hugs Bong-soon and tells her his feelings towards her, but Bong-soon tells him that she is going to act as if she didnt hear him. As soon as he hears this, his heart breaks. In order to get rid of the awkward silence he pushes her into the water and plays around with her.
Jun-won and Bong-ki are driving along when they find a man who has fainted on the side of the road. They take him to the emergency room and save his life. Watching Jun-won work to save the mans life, Bong-ki hands Jun-won back his doctors gown and tells him to come back where he belongs. Jun-won takes the gown and holds it.
Eps. 33
Bong-soon finds out that Bong-ki fell from the stairs and got hurt trying to prevent an article about her and Jun-won from being written. She starts crying after watching Bong-ki go in to have surgery.
Jang-shik meets with journalist Shin and talks to him. Shin tells Jang-shik that he will not write the article on Jun-won, but also that he will not forgive Bong-ki for breaking his laptop.
Meanwhile, Bong-ki wakes up and Bong-soon is happy that she has awakened and takes care of him with great care. Watching the two of them Jun-won gets a strange feeling inside. But he tells Bong-soon not to lose the thing that is most important to her.
Eps. 34
Bong-ki acts very coldly towards Bong-soon, so she asks him why he is being so cold to her. He doesnt answer her and continues to give her the cold shoulder. Bong-soon then feels very hurt by his attitude towards her.
Jun-won tells journalist Shin to stop writing the bad articles on Bong-ki, and if he really wants an exclusive story that he will agree to give him one. Surprised by this, Shin keeps saying things about Bong-soon, which gets Jun-won so mad that he punches Shin.
You're reading the news with potential spoilers, make them spoiler free, dismiss
DVD Vol. 2 of 2 (US - En Sub)
DVD Vol. 1 of 2 (US - En Sub)
DVD (MY - En, Ch Tr, My Sub)
DVD (Ep.25-34 End - TW Ch Tr Sub)
DVD (Ep.1-24 - TW Ch Tr Sub)
View all 80 pictures for "Really Really Like You"
|Technical Information
|50 min •HD •16/9
|Web site
|Festival(s) & award(s)
|Sales or release dates & Box Office
|Fan club
|Quick message
To participate to HanCinema, you must sign up or log in. Sign up, Why ?
|Old message board
Subscribe to HanCinema Pure to remove ads from the website (not for episode and movie videos) for US$0.99 monthly or US$7.99 yearly (you can cancel anytime). The first step is to be a member, please click here : Sign up, then a subscribe button will show up.
Drama of the week
HanCinema's Official Facebook group will keep you updated on the latest in Korean movies and dramas!
Today's birthdays


text:
Right-wing authoritarianism
Right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) is a personality and ideological variable studied in political, social and personality psychology. Right-wing authoritarians are people who have a high degree of willingness to submit to authorities they perceive as established and legitimate, who adhere to societal conventions and norms and who are hostile and punitive in their attitudes towards people who do not adhere to them. They value uniformity and are in favour of using group authority, including coercion, to achieve it.[1]
|Part of a series on
The concept of right-wing authoritarianism was introduced in 1981 by Canadian-American psychologist Bob Altemeyer[2] as a refinement of the authoritarian personality theory originally pioneered by University of California, Berkeley researchers Theodor W. Adorno, Else Frenkel-Brunswik, Daniel Levinson and Nevitt Sanford.[3] After extensive questionnaire research and statistical analysis, Altemeyer found that only three of the original nine hypothesized components of the model correlated together: authoritarian submission, authoritarian aggression and conventionalism. Researchers have traditionally assumed that there was just one kind of authoritarian personality, who could be either a follower or a leader. The discovery that followers and leaders are usually different types of authoritarians is based on research done by Sam McFarland.[4]
Right-wing authoritarianism is measured by the RWA scale, which uses a Likert scale response. The first scored item on the scale states: "Our country desperately needs a mighty leader who will do what has to be done to destroy the radical new ways and sinfulness that are ruining us". People who strongly agree with this are showing a tendency toward authoritarian submission ("Our country desperately needs a mighty leader"), authoritarian aggression ("who will do what has to be done to destroy") and conventionalism ("the radical new ways and sinfulness that are ruining us").[5]
Psychometrically, the RWA scale was a significant improvement over the F-scale, which was the original measure of the authoritarian personality. The F-scale was worded so that agreement always indicated an authoritarian response, thus leaving it susceptible to the acquiescence response bias. The RWA scale is balanced to have an equal number of pro and anti authoritarian statements. The RWA scale also has excellent internal reliability, with coefficient alpha typically measuring between 0.85 and 0.94.[6]
The RWA scale has been modified over the years, as many of the items lost their social significance as society changed. The current version is 22 items long.[7]
Although Altemeyer has continually updated the scale, researchers in different domains have tended to lock-in on particular versions. For example, in the social psychology of religion the 1992 version of the scale is still commonly used.[8] In addition, the length of the earlier versions (30 items) led many researchers to develop shorter versions of the scale. Some of those are published,[9][10] but many researchers simply select a subset of items to use in their research, a practice that Altemeyer strongly criticizes.[11]
The uni-dimensionality of the scale has also been challenged recently. For example, Funke[12] showed that it is possible to extract the three underlying dimensions of RWA if the double- and triple-barreled nature of the items is removed. Given the possibility of underlying dimensions emerging from the scale, it is then the case that the scale is no longer balanced, since all the items primarily capturing authoritarian aggression are pro-trait worded (higher scores mean more authoritarianism) and all the items primarily measuring conventionalism are con-trait worded (higher scores mean less authoritarianism).[12] Work by Mavor, Louis and Sibley[13] recently demonstrated that the existence of 2 or 3 factors in the RWA scale reflects real differences in these dimensions rather than acquiescence response bias.
Right-wing authoritarians want society and social interactions structured in ways that increase uniformity and minimize diversity. In order to achieve that, they tend to be in favour of social control, coercion and the use of group authority to place constraints on the behaviours of people such as political dissidents and ethnic minorities. These constraints might include restrictions on immigration, limits on free speech and association and laws regulating moral behaviour. It is the willingness to support or take action that leads to increased social uniformity that makes right-wing authoritarianism more than just a personal distaste for difference. Right-wing authoritarianism is characterized by obedience to authority, moral absolutism, racial and ethnic prejudice and intolerance and punitiveness towards dissidents and deviants. In parenting, right-wing authoritarians value children's obedience, neatness and good manners.[1]
Duckitt & Bizumic (2013) write that RWA measures the support "for the subordination of individual freedom and autonomy to the collective and its authority". Their studies show that it can be split into three distinct factors:[14]
- Authoritarianism: tough attitude towards violations of social rules, norms and laws;[14]
- Conservatism: favoring obedient and respectful support for societal authorities;[14]
- Traditionalism: favoring traditional, religious social norms and values.[14]
The names of these three components of RWA resemble their standard use but actually correspond, instead, to the three statistical factors.
Right-wing authoritarianism was previously split differently into three attitudinal and behavioral clusters which correlate together:[15][16]
- Authoritarian submission — a high degree of submissiveness to the authorities who are perceived to be established and legitimate in the society in which one lives.
- Authoritarian aggression — a general aggressiveness directed against deviants, outgroups and other people that are perceived to be targets according to established authorities.
- Conventionalism — a high degree of adherence to the traditions and social norms that are perceived to be endorsed by society and its established authorities and a belief that others in one's society should also be required to adhere to these norms.[17]
The terminology of "authoritarianism", "right-wing authoritarianism" and "authoritarian personality" tend to be used interchangeably by psychologists, though inclusion of the term "personality" may indicate a psychodynamic interpretation consistent with the original formulation of the theory.
Right and left
The phrase "right-wing" in right-wing authoritarianism does not necessarily refer to someone's politics, but to psychological preferences and personality. It means that the person tends to follow the established conventions and authorities in society. In theory, the authorities could have either right-wing or left-wing political views.[18]
Milton Rokeach's dogmatism scale was an early attempt to measure pure authoritarianism, whether left or right. The scale was carefully designed to measure closed-mindedness without regard to ideology. Nevertheless, researchers found that it correlated with British conservatism.[19] In a similar line of research, Philip Tetlock found that right wing beliefs are associated with less integrative complexity than left wing beliefs. People with moderate liberal attitudes had the highest integrative complexity in their cognitions.[20]
There have been a number of other attempts to identify "left-wing authoritarians" in the United States and Canada. These would be people who submit to leftist authorities, are highly conventional to liberal viewpoints and are aggressive to people who oppose left-wing ideology. These attempts have failed because measures of authoritarianism always correlate at least slightly with the right. However, left-wing authoritarians were found in Eastern Europe.[21] There are certainly extremists across the political spectrum, but most psychologists now believe that authoritarianism is a predominantly right-wing phenomenon.[22]
Although authoritarians in North America generally support conservative political parties, this finding must be considered in a historical and cultural context. For example, during the Cold War authoritarians in the United States were usually anti-communist, whereas in the Soviet Union authoritarians generally supported the Communist Party and were opposed to capitalism.[23] Authoritarians thus generally favor the established ways and oppose social and political change, hence even politics usually labeled as right or left-wing is not descriptive. While communism in the Soviet Union is seen as leftist, it still inspired the same responses. Furthermore, recent research indicates that political progressives can exhibit the qualities of authoritarianism when they are asked about conservative Christians.[24] This leaves questions over what makes various ideologies left or right open to interpretation. A 2017 study found evidence that was suggestive of the existence of left-wing authoritarians[25] and a 2015 study suggested that support for political correctness (defined as censoring views that offend or disadvantage a particular group in society) could be a manifestation of left-wing authoritarianism.[26] A 2012 study criticised research into authoritarianism, arguing that there had been biased and inadequate research into left-wing authoritarianism.[27]
In research reported in the NewScientist involving a sample size of 10,000 people, intention to vote in favour of the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union (Brexit) was correlated with high RWAs .
According to Karen Stenner, an Australian professor who specializes in authoritarianism, says it is different from conservatism because authoritarianism reflects aversion to difference across space (i.e. diversity of people and beliefs at any given moment), while conservatism reflects aversion to difference over time (i.e. change). Stenner argues that conservatives will embrace racial diversity, civil liberties and moral freedom to the extent they are already institutionalized authoritatively-supported traditions and are therefore supportive of social stability. Conservatives tend to be drawn to authoritarianism when public opinion is fractious and there is a loss of confidence in public institutions, but in general they value stability and certainty over increased uniformity. However, Stenner says that authoritarians also want difference restricted even when so doing would require significant social change and instability.[1]
According to research by Altemeyer, right-wing authoritarians tend to exhibit cognitive errors and symptoms of faulty reasoning. Specifically, they are more likely to make incorrect inferences from evidence and to hold contradictory ideas that result from compartmentalized thinking. They are also more likely to uncritically accept insufficient evidence that supports their beliefs and they are less likely to acknowledge their own limitations.[16] Whether right-wing authoritarians are less intelligent than average is disputed, with Stenner arguing that variables such as high verbal ability (indicative of high cognitive capacity) have a very substantial ameliorative effect in diminishing authoritarian tendencies.[1] Measured against other factors of personality, authoritarians generally score lower on openness to experience and slightly higher on conscientiousness.[28][29][30]
Altemeyer suggested that authoritarian politicians are more likely to be in the Conservative or Reform party in Canada, or the Republican Party in the United States. They generally have a conservative economic philosophy, are highly nationalistic, oppose abortion, support capital punishment, oppose gun control legislation and do not value social equality.[16] The RWA scale reliably correlates with political party affiliation, reactions to Watergate, pro-capitalist attitudes, religious orthodoxy and acceptance of covert governmental activities such as illegal wiretaps.[16] Although authoritarianism is correlated with conservative political ideology, not all authoritarians are conservative and not all conservatives are authoritarian. It is also worth noting that many authoritarians have no interest in politics.
Authoritarians are generally more favorable to punishment and control than personal freedom and diversity. For example, they are more willing to suspend constitutional guarantees of liberty such as the Bill of Rights. They are more likely to advocate strict, punitive sentences for criminals[31] and report that punishing such people is satisfying for them. They tend to be ethnocentric and prejudiced against racial and ethnic minorities[32] and homosexuals.[33] However, Stenner argues that authoritarians will support programs intended to increase opportunities for minority groups, such as affirmative action, if they believe such programs will lead to greater societal uniformity.[1]
In roleplaying situations, authoritarians tend to seek dominance over others by being competitive and destructive instead of cooperative. In a study by Altemeyer, 68 authoritarians played a three-hour simulation of the Earth's future entitled the Global Change Game. Unlike a comparison game played by individuals with low RWA scores, which resulted in world peace and widespread international cooperation, the simulation by authoritarians became highly militarized and eventually entered the stage of nuclear war. By the end of the high RWA game, the entire population of the earth was declared dead.[16]
The vast majority of research on right-wing authoritarianism has been done in the United States and Canada. However, a 2003 cross-cultural study examined the relation between authoritarianism and individualism-collectivism in samples (1,080) from Bulgaria, Canada, Germany, Japan, New Zealand, Poland and the United States. Both at the individual level and the societal level, authoritarianism was correlated with vertical individualism (or dominance seeking) and vertical or hierarchical collectivism, which is the tendency to submit to the demands of one's ingroup.[34] A study done on both Israeli and Palestinian students in Israel found that RWA scores of right-wing party supporters were significantly higher than those of left-wing party supporters and scores of secular subjects were lowest.[35]
Right-wing authoritarianism has been found to correlate only slightly with Social Dominance Orientation (SDO). The two measures can be thought of as two sides of the same coin: RWA provides submissive followers and SDO provides power-seeking leaders.[4]
Relationship to personality traits
Research comparing RWA with the Big Five personality traits has found that RWA is positively correlated with conscientiousness (r = 0.15) and negatively correlated with openness to experience (r = −0.36). SDO has a somewhat different pattern of correlations with the Big Five, as it is also associated with low openness to experience (r = −0.16), but is not significantly correlated with conscientiousness (r = −0.05) and instead has a negative correlation with agreeableness (r = −0.29). Low openness to experience and high conscientiousness have been found to be predictive of social conformity. People low in openness to experience tend to prefer clear, unambiguous moral rules and are more likely to support the existing social order insofar as it provides clear guidance about social norms for behavior and how the world should be. People low in openness to experience are also more sensitive to threats (both real and symbolic) to the social order and hence tend to view outgroups who deviate from traditional social norms and values as a threat to ingroup norms and values. Conscientiousness is associated with a preference for order, structure and security, hence this might explain the connection with RWA.[28]
Criticism and development
A recent refinement to this body of research was presented in Karen Stenner's 2005 book, The Authoritarian Dynamic.[36] Stenner argues that RWA is best understood as expressing a dynamic response to external threat, not a static disposition based only on the traits of submission, aggression and conventionalism. Stenner is critical of Altemeyer's social learning interpretation and argues that it cannot account for how levels of authoritarianism fluctuate with social conditions. She argues that the RWA Scale can be viewed as a measure of expressed authoritarianism, but that other measures are needed to assess authoritarian predispositions which interact with threatening circumstances to produce the authoritarian response.
Recent criticism has also come as a result of treating RWA as uni-dimensional even in contexts where it makes no sense to do so. For example, RWA has been used in regression analyses with fundamentalism as another predictor and attitudes to homosexuality and racism as the outcomes.[37] For example, this research seemed to show that fundamentalism would be associated with reduced racism once the authoritarian component was removed and this was summarized in a recent review of the field.[38] However, since the RWA Scale has items that also measure fundamentalist religiosity and attitudes to homosexuality, this undermines the interpretation of such analyses.[39][40] Even worse is the possibility that the unrecognised dimensionality in RWA can cause a statistical artifact to arise in such regressions, which can reduce or even reverse some of the relationships. Mavor and colleagues have argued that this artifact eliminates or even reverses any apparent tendency for fundamentalism to reduce racism once RWA is controlled. The implication is that in some domains such as the social psychology of religion it is not only preferable to think of RWA as consisting of at least two components, but essential in order to avoid statistical errors and incorrect conclusions.[40] Several options currently exist for scales that acknowledge at least the two main underlying components in the scale (aggression/submission and conventionalism).[10][12][13][40][41][42][43]
Altemeyer's research on authoritarianism has been challenged by psychologist John J. Ray, who questions the sampling methods used and the ability of the RWA Scale to predict authoritarian behavior and provides evidence that the RWA Scale measures conservatism rather than "directiveness", a construct that John J. Ray invented and that he relates to authoritarianism.[44][45] However, Ray's approach is a minority position among researchers[46] and other psychologists have found that both the RWA Scale and the original F-Scale are good predictors of both attitudes and behavior.[47]
In 2012, the American Journal of Political Science[48] published an article discussing the correlation between conservatism and psychoticism, which they associated with authoritarianism, among other traits. In 2015, they released an erratum[49] showing mixed correlations.
In 2017, the new Regality Theory suggested a reinterpretation of RWA in the light of evolutionary psychology. Regality theory agrees that authoritarianism is a dynamic response to external threats, but rather than seeing it as a psychological aberration, regality theory posits that authoritarianism is an evolved response to perceived collective danger. The tendency to support a strong leader when faced with common existential threats has contributed to Darwinian fitness in human prehistory because it helped solve the collective action problem in war and suppress free riders. It is argued that regality theory adds a deeper level of analysis to our understanding of authoritarianism and avoids the political bias that the research in the authoritarian personality and RWA is often criticized for.[50]
Ronald Inglehart combined RWA with his theory of postmaterialism in his 2019 book, arguing that both reflected the tendency of insecure environments to produce individuals whose worldview values conformism over self-expression.[51]
Though some earlier scholars had claimed that a comparable construct of "Left-wing authoritarinism" (LWA) on the political left does not exist, and compared the search for LWA to trying to find the Loch Ness monster, more recent work suggests the possibility that LWA does indeed exist and that it predicts similar outcomes as RWA.[52] This has spurred debate about whether liberals might be similarly authoritarian as conservatives.[53]
See also
- Stenner, Karen (2009). "Three Kinds of "Conservatism" (PDF). Psychological Inquiry. 20 (2–3): 142–159. doi:10.1080/10478400903028615. Retrieved 2 June 2012.
- Altemeyer, Bob (1981). Right-wing Authoritarianism. University of Manitoba Press.
- Adorno, T. W., Frenkel-Brunswik, E., Levinson, D. J., Sanford, R. N. (1950). The Authoritarian Personality. New York: Harper and Row.
- Altemeyer, Bob (1998). "The other 'authoritarian personality'". In M. Zanna (Ed.) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. 30 (pp. 47–92). San Diego: Academic Press.
- Altemeyer, Bob (2007). The Authoritarians. University of Manitoba. p. 15. http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~altemey/
- Fodor, Eugene M.; Wick, David P.; Hartsen, Kim M.; Preve, Rebecca M. (20 December 2007). "Right-Wing Authoritarianism in Relation to Proposed Judicial Action, Electromyographic Response, and Affective Attitudes Toward a Schizophrenic Mother". Journal of Applied Social Psychology. 38 (1): 215–233. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2008.00303.x.
Internal consistency of scale items for the RWA Scale (Altemeyer, 1996), as measured by alpha coefficients, consistently has been high, ranging from .85 to .94.
- Altemeyer (2007). The Authoritarians. University of Manitoba. pp. 11–12 in Chapter 1 "Who Are the Authoritarian Followers?" http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~altemey/
- LaBouff, J. P.; Rowatt, W. C.; Johnson, M. K.; Thedford, M.; Tsang, J. A. (2010). "Development and initial validation of an implicit measure of religiousness-spirituality". Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 49 (3): 439–455. doi:10.1111/j.1468-5906.2010.01521.x.
- See; Smith, Allison; Winter, David G. (2002). "Right-wing authoritarianism, party identification, and attitudes toward feminism in student evaluations of the Clinton-Lewinsky story". Political Psychology. 23 (2): 355–383. doi:10.1111/0162-895x.00285.
- Manganelli Rattazzi, A. M.; Bobbio, A.; Canova, L. (2007). "A short version of the Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) Scale". Personality and Individual Differences. 43 (5): 1223–1234. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2007.03.013.
- Altemeyer, Bob (2007). The Authoritarians. University of Manitoba. http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~altemey/
- Funke, F (2005). "The Dimensionality of Right-Wing Authoritarianism: Lessons from the Dilemma between Theory and Measurement". Political Psychology. 26 (2): 195–218. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9221.2005.00415.x.
- Mavor, K. I.; Louis, W. R.; Sibley, C. G. (2010). "A bias-corrected exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of right-wing authoritarianism: Support for a three-factor structure". Personality and Individual Differences. 48 (1): 28–33. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009.08.006. hdl:10023/3991.
- Duckitt J, Bizumic, B (2013). "Multidimensionality of Right‐Wing Authoritarian Attitudes: Authoritarianism‐Conservatism‐Traditionalism". Political Psychology. 34 (6): 841–862. doi:10.1111/pops.12022.
- Altemeyer, B. (1988). Enemies of freedom. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press
- Altemeyer, B. (1996). The authoritarian specter. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Altemeyer, Bob (2006). The Authoritarians, p. 27. http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~altemey/
- Altemeyer, Bob (2006). The Authoritarians. pp. 9–10.
- Smithers, A. G.; Lobley, D. M. (1978). "Dogmatism, social attitudes and personality". British Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology. 17 (2): 135–142. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1978.tb00255.x.
- Tetlock, P. E. (1984). "Cognitive style and political belief systems in the British House of Commons". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 46 (2): 365–375. doi:10.1037/0022-3522.214.171.1245.
- de Regt, S, Mortelmans, D, Smits, T (2011). Left-wing authoritarianism is not a myth, but worrisome reality. Evidence from 13 Eastern European countries. In Communist and Post-Communist Studies. Volume 44. Issue 4. December 2011. pp. 299–308.
- Stone, W. F., & Smith, L. D. (1993). Authoritarianism: Left and right. In W. F. Stone, G. Lederer, & R. Christie (Eds.). Strengths and weaknesses: The authoritarian personality today. New York: Springer-Verlag.
- McFarland, S., Ageyev, V., & Abalakina, M. (1993). The authoritarian personality in the United States and the former Soviet Union: Comparative studies. In W. F. Stone, G. Lederer, & R. Christie (Eds.). Strengths and weaknesses: The authoritarian personality today. New York: Springer-Verlag.
- "Transaction - Routledge".
- Conway, Lucian; Houck, Shannon; Gornick, Laura; Repke, Meredith (December 2017). "Finding the Loch Ness Monster: Left-Wing Authoritarianism in the United States". Political Psychology. 39 (5): 1049–1067. doi:10.1111/pops.12470.
- Brophy, Christine. "Political correctness: social-fiscal liberalism and left-wing authoritarianism." PhD diss., 2015.
- Lindgren, James. "The centrist authoritarian." Available at SSRN 2029435 (2012), doi:10.2139/ssrn.2029435
- Sibley, Chris; Duckitt, John (2008). "Personality and Prejudice: A Meta-Analysis and Theoretical Review". Pers Soc Psychol Rev. 12 (3): 248–79. doi:10.1177/1088868308319226. PMID 18641385.
- Palmer, Carl (2014). "The Prejudiced Personality? Using the Big Five to Predict Susceptibility to Stereotyping Behavior". Illinois State University – Department of Politics and Government. SSRN 2455759. Cite journal requires
- Sibley, C. G.; Duckitt, J. (2008). "Personality and prejudice: A meta-analysis and theoretical review". Personality and Social Psychology Review. 12 (3): 248–279. doi:10.1177/1088868308319226. PMID 18641385.
- Narby, D. J.; Cutler, B. L.; Moran, G. (1993). "A meta-analysis of the association between authoritarianism and jurors' perceptions of defendant culpability". Journal of Applied Psychology. 78: 34–42. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.78.1.34.
- Duckitt, J.; Farre, B. (1994). "Right-wing authoritarianism and political intolerance among Whites in the future majority-rule South Africa". Journal of Social Psychology. 134 (6): 735–741. doi:10.1080/00224545.1994.9923008.
- Goodman, M. B.; Moradi, B. (2008). "Attitudes and behaviors toward lesbian and gay persons: Critical correlates and mediated relations". Journal of Counseling Psychology. 55 (3): 371–384. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.651.7781. doi:10.1037/0022-0184.108.40.2061.
- Kemmelmeier, M.; Burnstein, E.; Krumov, K.; Genkova, P.; Kanagawa, C.; Hirshberg, M. S.; Erb, H.; Wieczorkowska, G.; Noels, K. (2003). "Individualism, collectivism, and authoritarianism in seven societies". Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 34 (3): 304–322. doi:10.1177/0022022103034003005.
- Rubinstein, G (1996). "Two peoples in one land: A validation study of Altemeyer's Right-Wing Authoritarianism Scale in the Palestinian and Jewish societies in Israel". Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 27 (2): 216–230. doi:10.1177/0022022196272005.
- Stenner, K. (2005). The Authoritarian Dynamic. Cambridge University Press.
- Laythe, Brian; Finkel, Deborah G.; Kirkpatrick, Lee A. (2001). "Predicting prejudice from religious fundamentalism and right-wing authoritarianism: A multiple regression approach". Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 40: 1–10. doi:10.1111/0021-8294.00033.
- Hall, D. L.; Matz, D. C.; Wood, W. (2010). "Why don't we practice what we preach? A meta-analytic review of religious racism". Personality and Social Psychology Review. 14 (1): 126–139. doi:10.1177/1088868309352179. PMID 20018983.
- See Mavor, K. I.; Macleod, C. J.; Boal, M. J.; Louis, W. R. (2009). "Right-wing authoritarianism, fundamentalism and prejudice revisited: Removing suppression and statistical artefact". Personality and Individual Differences. 46 (5–6): 592–597. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2008.12.016. hdl:10023/3990.
- Mavor, K. I.; Louis, W. R.; Laythe, B. (2011). "Religion, Prejudice, and Authoritarianism: Is RWA a Boon or Bane to the Psychology of Religion?". Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 50 (1): 22–43. doi:10.1111/j.1468-5906.2010.01550.x. hdl:10023/4025.
- Duckitt, J.; Fisher, K. (2003). "The impact of social threat on worldview and ideological attitudes". Political Psychology. 24: 199–222. doi:10.1111/0162-895x.00322.
- Duckitt, J.; Bizumic, B.; Krauss, S. W.; Heled, E. (2010). "A tripartite approach to right-wing authoritarianism: The authoritarianism-conservatism-traditionalism model". Political Psychology. 31 (5): 685–715. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9221.2010.00781.x.
- Smith, Allison; Winter, David G. (2002). "Right-wing authoritarianism, party identification, and attitudes toward feminism in student evaluations of the Clinton-Lewinsky story". Political Psychology. 23 (2): 355–383. doi:10.1111/0162-895x.00285.
- Ray, J.J. (1985). "Defective validity in the Altemeyer authoritarianism scale". Journal of Social Psychology. 125 (2): 271–272. doi:10.1080/00224545.1985.9922883.
- Ray, J.J. (1987). "Special review of "Right-wing authoritarianism" by R.A. Altemeyer". Personality and Individual Differences. 8 (5): 771–772. doi:10.1016/0191-8869(87)90084-5.
- Stone, W. F., Lederer, G., & Christie, R. (1993). Strength and Weakness: The Authoritarian Personality Today. New York: Springer-Verlag.
- Meloen, J. D.; Van der Linden, G.; De Witte, H.; et al. (1996). "A test of the approaches of Adorno et al., Lederer and Altemeyer of authoritarianism in Belgian Flanders: A research note". Political Psychology. 17 (4): 643–656. doi:10.2307/3792131. JSTOR 3792131.
- Verhulst, B.; Eaves, L. J.; Hatemi, P. K. (2012). "Correlation not causation: the relationship between personality traits and political ideologies". American Journal of Political Science. 56 (1): 34–51. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00568.x. PMC 3809096. PMID 22400142.
- Verhulst, B.; Eaves, L. J.; Hatemi, P. K. (2015). "Erratum to "Correlation not causation: the relationship between personality traits and political ideologies."". American Journal of Political Science. 60 (1): E3–E4. doi:10.1111/ajps.12216.
- Fog, Agner (2017). Warlike and Peaceful Societies: The Interaction of Genes and Culture. Open Book Publishers. doi:10.11647/OBP.0128. ISBN 978-1-78374-403-9.
- Inglehart, Ronald. Cultural Evolution. Cambridge University Press.
- Conway, Lucian; Houck, Shannon; Gornick, Laura; Repke, Meredith (December 2017). "Finding the Loch Ness Monster: Left-Wing Authoritarianism in the United States". Political Psychology. 39 (5): 1049–1067. doi:10.1111/pops.12470.
- Clark, Cory; Liu, Brittany; Winegard, Bo; Ditto, Peter (June 2019). "Tribalism Is Human Nature". Current Directions in Psychological Science. 28: 587–592. doi:10.1177/0963721419862289.
External links
Further reading
- Altemeyer, Bob (1996). The Authoritarian Specter. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-05305-2.
- Altemeyer, Bob (2006). The Authoritarians. Lulu.
- Dean, John W. (2006). Conservatives without Conscience. Viking Adult. ISBN 978-0-670-03774-2.


text:
Available ebook formats: epub mobi pdf rtf lrf pdb txt html
The author of 3 novels and nearly a dozen nonfiction books, Sullivan earned an English degree at Cornell University, studied linguistics in Heidelberg,Germany, and completed a master's degree in German literature at the University of Oregon. His adventure memoir of a 1000-mile walk through Oregon's wilderness, "Listening for Coyote" was hailed as "an American classic" by Alison Lurie and chosen one of Oregon's 100 books. He lives in Eugene, Oregon.


text:
Is Apple Bipolar? [SUNDAY COMICS]
With Apple's stock going up and down like a roller coaster, investors are skittish. Our friends Nitrozac and Snaggy of The Joy of Tech discovered the perfect medicine for those who are feeling anxious when riding this pendulum of fear and greed.
What do you think? Has AAPL seen better days, or is this just a correction before the stock begins climbing beyond its previously stratospheric heights? Will a dividend placate stockholders?
SEE ALSO: Previous Sunday Comics
Comic illustration provided by The Joy of Tech. Published with permission; all rights reserved


text:
Alpenhaus owner hopes for local 'Oktoberfest'
Manuela Young loves all things Bavarian.
She has said her Bank Street restaurant, The Alpenhaus, in New Milford is designed to "create an experience of being in the German Alps."
When Young heard the Village Green is now available for special occasions during which alcohol could be served, she applied to hold an Oktoberfest on Oct. 16.
The Parks & Recreation Commission has approved her application.
If Young receives permission from Mayor Pat Murphy and Police Chief Shawn Boyne regarding the town's alcohol ordinance, the event would be held Oct. 16 from 5:30 to 10 p.m. on the Village Green.
Traditional German food would be offered as would draft beer and wine, Young said. A controlled area would be established at which alcohol consumption could take place with proper age identification.
The event would coincide with the season's final Third Thursday music event, hosted by Bank Street Investment on the Green.
At least two recreation commission members were concerned about allowing the Oktoberfest event, fearing it could open the door to commercial alcohol sales on the green.
"That goes beyond the parameters of what the commission considered when we approved where alcohol could be served," said longtime commission member Tom Saunders.
Two months ago, the commission added the Village Green to the list of parks in New Milford where alcohol could be be consumed with a permit. Carlson Grove and Clatter Valley are the other two parks. The change was made in conjunction with the recently approved alcohol ordinance by the Town Council.
Saunders pointed to the minutes from June's Parks & Recreation meeting, noting "wine and beer tasting could take place in a controlled environment with consumption being minor."
Events were to be considered on a case by case basis.
Jeff Kilberg, organizer of A Taste of New Milford, has received permission to have local wineries and microbreweries offering tastes of their beverages at the Sept. 10 event on the green.
Per the town's alcohol ordinance, Kilberg needed to get approval from the mayor and police chief, as does Young. A New Milford police officer must be on site at the organizer's expense.
The mayor, who experienced life in Germany during her military career, feels Young's Oktoberfest would be an appropriate usage of the new ordinance.
"I think an Oktoberfest is an event," Murphy said. "I don't think allowing it would open up commercial sales. I don't think alcohol is the priority with this request."
Murphy said the cost of setting up an event on the green would make it prohibitive for restaurants or taverns to make it a regular occurrence.
Insurance, tent rental and installation, lighting and security presence would add up to a considerable sum, she said.
"In Germany, Oktoberfests are very big events throughout the country, as are volksmarches, where whole communities hike together and then enjoy a traditional meal with beer," she said.
firstname.lastname@example.com; 860-355-7322