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"If you like good Texas music, you're gonna love The Western Swingers."
Rodney Crowell, songwriting great, Sony recording artist
John England & the Western Swingers is a six piece band based in Nashville, TN, which plays the lively, happy music called Western Swing. Western Swing originally developed in Texas and Oklahoma during the 1930's. With fiddle, steel guitar, piano, electric guitar, bass, and drums, it's music for dancing and listening, and combines the down-home quality of country music with the sophistication and improvisation of hot jazz.
For this 2013 release, we took a Western Swing-flavored bite out of Americana with 10 really old songs,and 3 originals that fit in. Garrett Rittenberry (Guerilla Design) took some nice pics & made everything look pretty, and we got even further away from plastic by putting the disc in a 4-panel "eco-pack". DIYwas the order of the day --- John did most of the recording, David and John mixed it, and David mastered it, though we had help from Paul Gannon, Jerry Gowen, Mark Howard, and Dave Martin.
Though we titled the album, Songs Older than Pappy, there are 3 originals on it, and "Pecos Bill" dates from the 40s, so those 4 are actually younger than Pappy!
Every Monday at Robert's Western World (416 Broadway, Nashville, TN, 244-9552) there's no cover, no minimum, food, a dance floor, and Good Music! IF YOU'RE PLANNING TO COME DOWN, BE SURE TO CALL ROBERT'S TO CONFIRM OUR BOOKING. ONCE IN A VERY GREAT WHILE, WE MAY BE OUT FOR ANOTHER GIG, OR PLAY A SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT TIME.
According to Esquire Magazine, Robert's is one of the 50 Best Bars in America.
Our updated performance schedule is posted at www.facebook.com/westernswingers.
John E
Hosted by Forget Computers
Designed by Keyword Design
Photo above by Mary Jane McGowan


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ABOARD THE ROMNEY CAMPAIGN PLANE-- Mitt Romney said Friday following a conversation with Israeli PM Benjamin Netanyahu that he was hopeful that the U.S. wouldn't have to use military force to halt Iran's progress toward nuclear weapons.
The Republican presidential nominee told reporters traveling with him that he thought a peaceful resolution in Iran was still within reach, though Romney cautioned that it was important to leave open the option to use military force.
"I do not believe that in the final analysis we will have to use military action," Romney told reporters traveling with him from Philadelphia to Boston. " I certainly hope we don't have to."
The GOP presidential nominee, who has long advocated the U.S. taking a tougher stand against the Iranian regime, said despite his optimism it would be important in future negotiations with Iran to keep a military option on the table.
"It must be something which is known by the Iranians as a possible tool to be employed to prevent them from becoming nuclear," Romney said of a possible use of military force. "But I certainly hope that we can prevent any military action from having to be taken."
The remarks came roughly one hour after Romney concluded his telephone conversation with the Israeli prime minister, who delivered an address to the United Nations yesterday in which he advocated for the drawing of a bright "red line" with Iran's leadership - offering a clear point of no return which would trigger Western military action and hopefully dissuade the regime from further pursuing its nuclear program.
Netanyahu also spoke by phone with President Barack Obama earlier today, and Romney was asked to draw a distinction between his views on Iran and those of the president. Romney said the administration's policies have moved more to mirror with his own views over time, pointing to newer, more aggressive sanctions placed on the Iranian regime as evidence, and saying he would continue to see how well Obama would match his rhetoric to his actions.
"His words more recently are more consistent with the words that I've been speaking for some time," Romney said. "And we'll see what actions he pursues."

subset: commoncrawl


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I'm more obsessed with The Star's website than my own erratic golf swing.
I update it from home late at night and on weekends. I tinker with it constantly like the engine of some old jalopy. I sweat the small stuff and ponder on the bigger picture, like a sailor does the stars. I poke, I prod and I fret fiercely when the competition has a story we do not. (Doesn't happen often, mind you, but even a blind squirrel finds an acorn every now and again.
Our website is far from perfect but I love it and know it intimately, like an old, comfortable cabin, with its creaks and crannies and cracks where the cold creeps in.
But all that changed overnight. If everything went according to plan — and I've been knocking on wood — our website this morning is worlds removed from the one I put to bed late last night. It looks different, it feels and functions differently and it is infinitely better — faster, sleeker and easier for you, the reader, to navigate. More than ever before, it focuses on Windsor and Essex County. Our community is the one thing we all have in common.
Our new website is responsive. We are among the first media sites in the country and the first daily in the Postmedia chain to embrace a dynamic design that adjusts to the screen of your choice. It will look one way on your mobile phone and another on your computer. It will look a certain way if you hold your tablet vertically and another if you hold it horizontally. Have multiple windows open on your desktop? Adjust the size of the one hosting The Star and watch the pictures, headlines and widgets dynamically scale. It's pretty cool.
Windsor Star reporters, photographers, and columnists are on more scenes more often and cover more stories in more depth than any other media outlet in town. It isn't even close. We've scooped our competitors for a century but couldn't crow until our paper landed with a thud on your porch. Now, we're a bona fide digital shop — more akin to CNN than a traditional paper — breaking news as it happens and developing it throughout the day, with photo galleries, videos and social media updates from the scene.
We have long been the engine that drives local news coverage and our new website will be the vehicle — a hot rod — that allows that dominance to continue.
The site was designed to make it easy for you to find the content you want. Our search bar scrolls down the page and our menu lets you search for stories based on topics — the courts, TrafficWatch, city hall — or geography. Our Windsor stories are categorized by wards and our Essex County stories by the lower-tier municipalities like Leamington, Amherstburg and LaSalle.
The site was designed by a talented team from The National Post, a paper that has repeatedly been named the world's best-designed newspaper by the Society for News Design, in conjunction with skilled developers from Postmedia, the parent company of The Star. It was designed to better showcase the photos of our award-winning photographers and to echo the simple and elegant styling of our traditional print edition.
Above all, the website was designed for our readers, who have told us they value local content above all and who have grown accustomed to reading breaking news on our website and coming back as those stories are updated and enhanced throughout the day. I stone cold love the new look and feel and I hope you will too.
I've no doubt there will be flaws and bugs and horrible glitches I've yet to imagine and I encourage you to please let us know where we've screwed up. Let us have it. It is a work in progress, one we will continually strive to refine. But we can't make improvements unless we know what's wrong.
Please email any questions or critiques to firstname.lastname@example.com or contact me on twitter @captainbyliner.


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Elizabeth Karmel is being featured on the AOL Food section talking about her new book, Soak, Slathered and Seasoned that shows you how to make your own rubs and marinades as well as teaches you some of the finer points of how to make your food taste great both on and off the grill.
"Do you marinate a different way? Karmel says that "a lot of cooking is about tradition. Keep doing it the way your mom or dad did it if it tasted good."
The article also features her Martini Shaker which was something she came up with when she working on her new book. She needed someplace to mix and shake the marinades and her Martini Shaker w/ Classic Cocktail Based Marinades was born!


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Creative Writing Circle
257 Park Avenue South, 2nd Floor
New York, NY 10010-7
Time: 5:00 PM - 8:30 PM
EXPRESS YOURSELF at the weekly ICS Creative Writing Circle! We all have stories to tell. Learn how to write yours, in a safe, supportive & stimulating environment. Just bring your imagination, paper and a pen.
- Develop, share & enjoy story-telling!
- Discover interesting things about yourself & others!
- Be limited only by your imagination!
- Experience the power of your own creativity!
Experienced & new writers welcome. IT'S FUN & IT'S FREE! Open to people with physical disabilities and seniors living in Manhattan, Brooklyn, Bronx and Queens. Lite refreshments served.
Instructor: William Franz
For more information or to sign up: Contact Latricia James at (718) 907-1622.
Members: Transportation is NOT provided, but mass transit use may be reimbursed. Please speak to your care manager for more information.


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Klaassen, Johann (1872-1950)
Johann Klaassen, b. 17 March 1872, in Ladekopp, district of Halbstadt, Taurida, Russia, d. 25 June 1950, at Djakarta (Jakarta, formerly Batavia), Indonesia, was a Mennonite missionary. Initially he was trained as a businessman, but in 1893 he began his missionary studies, first at St. Chrischona near Basel, Switzerland, then at Rotterdam in the Netherlands. In the meanwhile he had been ordained as a preacher in Russia (9 June 1896). After he had finished his studies, being appointed missionary by the Dutch Mennonite Mission Association, he sailed for Java, now Indonesia, then Dutch East Indies, where he arrived on the field in March 1899. He was active in Margaredjo until June 1905 when he returned to Europe because of illness. In his first Indonesian period he had been married 6 July 1903 to Magdalena Horsch from Gelchsheim, Germany, sister of Michael and John Horsch. He remained in Europe until August 1908. The European period was devoted to medical studies and trips in Holland, Germany, Switzerland, and Russia to arouse interest in missions. Back at Java he was in charge of a large field, serving Margaredjo, Kedung-Pendjalin, Kaju-Apu, and Pati. After 1910, when missionary Johann Hubert had come back from Europe, he served only at Kaju-Apu and Pati. Here he worked with much blessing as an evangelist, as a teacher, and also doing some medical work. From 1913 to 1923 he lived in Europe, at first at Lautenbach, then mostly in Heilbronn, Germany. But though far from the mission field, he did not forget his "brown brethren" and traveled widely to preach and to collect money for the mission work. Because of the war and political changes in Russia after 1914 he was unable to enter his native country and lost touch with its congregations. He became a German citizen in 1915.
From April 1923 to 8 January 1925 Klaassen again was on the Java mission field, now serving Margaredjo and the leper colony of Donorodjo. In the spring of 1925, after having visited the Dutch Mennonite mission of Pakanten on the island of Sumatra, he returned to Germany. The following years were devoted to mission promotion until he returned to the mission field for the fourth time in 1939. On the mission field he found his children: Helene, a nurse, married in 1926 to the missionary Hermann Schmitt, Maria, also a nurse, and Martha, married to the missionary Otto Stauffer. He re-entered Java as a widower, his wife having died in 1929. He now lived mostly in the home of Hermann Schmitt in Kudus. After a year of happiness and blessings among his relatives, bitter years followed. At the outbreak of the war between Germany and the Netherlands both Schmitt and Stauffer, being German subjects, were interned in a camp and in 1942 both perished when their ship, transporting them from Java to India, was torpedoed. Other calamities followed: hostilities of the Muslims, the Japanese invasion in 1942, and 1945 the troubles which accompanied the political movement of independence of the republic of Indonesia loosed from the Dutch motherland, the communistic disturbances, the attacks of fanatical Muslim bands against missionaries and native Christians, and the guerrilla wars of 1948-1949. In all these troubles and disasters Klaassen remained loyal to his faith and continued to serve his Lord as much as he could. On 6 January 1950 he took leave of his beloved mission field, delivering a short address in the church of Kelet. It was his intention to go to his daughter's home in California, but while in Djakarta he had a stroke and died there on 25 June 1950.
Klaassen was a man of steadfast simple piety, whose preaching and life was able to strike many hearts and to win over for the church of Christ a large number of Javanese natives.
"Johann Klaassen."Mennonitischer Gemeinde-Kalender (1952): 19-39. Part I autobiographical, Part II by Maria Klaassen, Part III by Gerhard Hein.
Reports of the Dutch Mennonite Mission Association.
|Nanne van der Zijpp
|Date Published
Cite This Article
MLA style
Zijpp, Nanne van der. "Klaassen, Johann (1872-1950)." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. 1957. Web. 27 Sep 2020. https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Klaassen,_Johann_(1872-1950)&oldid=119319.
APA style
Zijpp, Nanne van der. (1957). Klaassen, Johann (1872-1950). Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. Retrieved 27 September 2020, from https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Klaassen,_Johann_(1872-1950)&oldid=119319.
Adapted by permission of Herald Press, Harrisonburg, Virginia, from Mennonite Encyclopedia, Vol. 3, pp. 188-189. All rights reserved.
©1996-2020 by the Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. All rights reserved.


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The Maine Humanities Council, creator of a national award-winning hospital-based book discussion program, has outlined on its website the benefits that come from engaging diverse groups of health care professionals in conversation about literary works on themes relevant to the work of health care providers, as well as to the human experiences of patients and their families (http://www.mainehumanities.org/programs/litandmed/index.html). These include enhanced communications between health care professionals, patients and families, deepened understanding of the ways that institutional hierarchies can impede communication, greater awareness of how cultural and socio-economic perspectives and family history affect the health care experiences of patients, and increased vocational satisfaction.
The American Library Association publishes a guide, One Book One Community: Planning Your Community-Wide Read (http://publicprograms.ala.org/orc/pdfs/onebookguide.pdf) that has also been consulted in the development of this program on the UT Health Science Center campus. Community reading programs have been organized by small towns and large cities, and on university campuses across the country The benefits of community reading programs listed in the ALA planning guide—cross-cultural understanding, improved communication, a deepened sense of community– are similar to those noted for the Maine Humanities Council's Literature and Medicine program.
In 2008 the Center for Medical Humanities & Ethics and the Briscoe Library of The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio planned our first One Community/One Book project. Mountains Beyond Mountains: The Quest of Dr. Paul Farmer, a Man Who Would Cure the World, a book by Tracy Kidder about the life and work of humanitarian physician, Paul Farmer, was selected. A series of book discussions were held during August and September, 2008, culminating in a visit to campus and a lecture by both Tracy Kidder, the author of the book, and Dr. Paul Farmer, the subject of the book. During the lecture by Dr. Farmer and Tracy Kidder the UT Health Science Center auditorium, which seats 634, was filled to standing room only capacity with faculty, students, staff, and members of the San Antonio community. Total attendance may have been double that when video-teleconference participation at remote locations in Harlingen and Laredo are included.
A community read in 2009 focused on Final Exam: A Surgeon's Reflections on Mortality, by Pauline Chen, MD. In 2010 the One Community One Book selection was The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, by Rebecca Skloot. Participation in book discussions have grown steadily, with more than 270 individuals taking part in book discussion events in 2010. Author presentations by Pauline Chen and Rebecca Skloot were well-attended by members of the public as well as campus affiliates.
Campus and community partnerships have been critical to the success of all of the One Community One Book programs on the campus of the UT Health Science Center. In the past, partners have included– in addition to the Center for Medical Humanities & Ethics and the Academic Center for Excellence in Teaching– the University Transplant Center and local offices of the National Kidney Foundation; and the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences. In 2012 we are pleased that the San Antonio Public Library, the Voelcker Biosciences Teachers Academy, and the Young Women's Leadership Academy have worked with us to provide speaking venues for Elva Trevino Hart, who will be in San Antonio from February 22 through February 25.
One Community One Book has also been supported by generous donations from individual faculty members. Humanities Texas, the local affiliate of the National Endowment for the Humanities, has been a partner in three One Community One Book events, in 2009, 2010 and 2012.
This program was made possible in part with a grant from Humanities Texas, the state affiliate of the National Endowment for the Humanities.


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The complaint seems to be that there isn't a lot of in-depth reporting that explains the background behind a story. The writer also complains that many journalists do not read their own copy but have it written for them.Originally Posted by Celia
He seems to be saying that everybody reports the same news and it looks the same everywhere.Originally Posted by Celia
(Have you tried Fox News Channel? (In Britain, it's Sky News.))


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Castles welcome mat was stained from the very beginning
Rugby Australia CEO Raelene Castle. Picture: AAP
Rugby Australia CEO Raelene Castle. Picture: AAP
The Australian12:00AM May 25, 2018
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177 Comments
Last week I wrote about the need to address the crisis in Australian rugby by calling a summit of the best minds.
Beside my piece was a published article by Raelene Castle, the CEO of Rugby Australia. I thought today I should address both those issues.
In relation to Castle, I note a story this week by the respected sports writer, rugby league writer and former coach, Roy Masters in which he said, NRL officials are unhappy that Raelene Castle escaped scrutiny over the Bulldogs salary cap mess.
As Ive said previously, if the board of Rugby Australia did no due diligence on Raelene Castle and by that I mean if they made no contact with the Canterbury Rugby League Club, before appointing her, then they have betrayed our game.
In her piece last week, Raelene Castle said shed been in office for four months and shed been welcomed by the rugby community.
Brumbies dire warning to fansWAYNE SMITH
Reds calls made to look foolishWAYNE SMITH
Im not sure where shes been but she would not be welcome at grassroots, the clubs or the schools as shes done nothing to help them.
And I was interested to note that in the press conference yesterday in relation to James Slipper and his personal problems, Raelene Castle admitted she hadnt spoken to him.
An issue worthy of calling a press conference about a senior player to whom she hasnt spoken!
Last week she claimed improved participation growth rates.
Of course it all depends who collects the data.
It was only 12 months ago that a Roy Morgan study reported a 63 per cent decline in Rugby participation since 2001.
So forgive me when stats are thrown around about our game. There are stats on everything. Even when the Titanic was going down, they were counting deckchairs.
What we should know from the Australian Sports Commissions most recently published stats in 2016 is that 14.7 per cent of Aussie kids play soccer; 8 per cent play AFL; 2.8 per cent play Rugby League and 1.2 per cent play Rugby Union.
What is being done to reverse this participation catastrophe?
I dont know who wrote this piece for Raelene Castle but she didnt even know her own policy. She argued the size for age policy was for eight to 13-year-olds. Its actually 10 to 15-year-olds.
But its not the simplest way of dealing with the problem.
When I went to school, we played according to weights. There was a 7 stone 7 competition, an 8 stone 7 competition, a 9 stone 7 competition and then open rugby.
Those who were under 7 stone 7 played in the competition, no matter their age.
Such a policy would address, for example, the issue of bigger Polynesian boys who would, in such a system, play according to their weight, not their age.
This was addressed in New Zealand many years ago. Were playing catch-up and even then the policy needs refining. But will such a policy placate the mums who are worried about concussion? When you have commentators of the game on television telling us that the Waratahs or the Reds can win tonight if they win the collision, what mother is going to admit her son to such a game?
In rugby we should be coached to run into space, not into people. With the current pick and drive mentality, one shouldnt be surprised at a very recent Rugby study by Dr Izzy Moore in the British Journal of Sports Medicine showing two staggering details: the first is there will be a concussion in almost every match, one concussion every 1.3 matches; and the second conclusion was that after a concussion, players are 38 per cent more likely to sustain injuries to ankles, knees and shoulders et cetera. This is a huge challenge for our code. Those who say theyre running the game have no public response to these disturbing statistics. Raelene Castle wrote about the national schools strategy run by Paul McLean.
Paul was one of our greatest ever players, an ornament to Queensland and Australian rugby.
But the so-called strategy is not fair dinkum. Rugby Australia has to take control of the pathways for our 16 to 20-year-olds. Schoolboy rugby should be a huge part of this. There are a lot of NRL clubs who are putting their talented players into rugby schools. Theyre doing this because the rugby schools are investing in coaching and conditioning and most importantly, their cultures produce quality people.
If Rugby Australia were more proactive in developing talent, they should be targeting these good rugby league kids to keep playing rugby union.
Our current pathways are a shambles and if you speak to the parents of our kids, theyll tell you that Rugby Australia have cut programs like the Junior Gold program and our kids find it easier to progress in rugby league because their pathways are clearer and more consistent.
Some of our best schoolboys are voting with their feet and will continue to do so, regardless of whatever Paul McLean does.
Then Raelene Castle dropped in the World Cup in 2027. I nearly fainted. Lets hope the game is still relevant in this country by then. Im not sure shell be around if and when we get the World Cup.
It is immensely disturbing to rugby fans that Raelene Castle was, in part at least, the architect of the Canterbury Bulldogs ridiculous back-ended contract policy. Her involvement in this shows that shes either naïve in contractual matters or what would be worse, doesnt care about the mess she leaves behind.
Can we trust Raelene Castle to build a World Cup treasure chest like John ONeill did? So far after 120 days shes rubber-stamped a size-for-age program that was already on the slate. She attended the launch of Super W or womens rugby but forgot that she might have to pay the women for their time, but this project was already on the slate. The only thing shes done is to deal with the Israel Folau issue, which she claimed was the toughest thing shes ever done. Raelene, are you serious? Ill tell you something.
Lifes about to get a lot more challenging. Have you re-signed Israel Folau? And if you cant retain one of the greatest players in the world, I think youll find life even more uncomfortable. Come on, Raelene, we need a strong, proactive leader with ideas and a capacity to sell them and implement them. The drums are beating.
I suggested last Friday a Rugby summit. Last Tuesday Rod Kafer announced such a summit to design the player of the future. Well Im glad Kafer has found an idea because hes been in the job for almost 12 months.
When he got the job they said, He will supervise an elite coaching development program aimed at improving the capabilities of Australias top coaches with the intention of generating winning teams at Test and Super levels.
Things havent really gone to plan. In almost a year in the job, weve beaten the Kiwis once in Super Rugby. What has Rod Kafer been doing with the Super Rugby coaches? But now hes going to lead a coaching summit to design the player of the future.
And all the notable coaches in Australia are going to hold hands while apparently Rod Kafer directs the rugby traffic.
Rod Kafer is not qualified to lead a coaching summit. His total coaching experience lasted one season and he was a failure. The Shore School in Sydney with a magnificent rugby tradition recently announced that Rod Kafer would be assisting their rugby program in 2018. Not sure what hes been doing but in the last two weeks Shores First XV have been hammered 82-0 by St Josephs College and 73-0 by Barker College. His track record at Saracens in England and at Sydneys Shore School would suggest hes the wrong man for the job.
All this stuff about players of the future! The players of the future are here in front of us. Our problem is not a problem of talent. They certainly dont need Rod Kafers questionable coaching input. Our players need experienced and successful coaches, not rookies. We basically have the same playing pool which won the Super Rugby championship in 2011 and 2014.
Our players are good enough. They need quality coaches and good man managers. For example, Quade Cooper is like Cristiano Ronaldo both may be high maintenance but surely a good coach would get the best out of them.
Australian rugby has a coaching problem. We cannot return to the top of the world by persisting with pick and drive rugby.
We were told the skill issue would be resolved when Mick Byrne, the All Blacks skills coach, arrived a couple of years ago. I understand Mick Byrne is doing a good job. So there must be a faulty part in the rugby machine somewhere.
One is left with the conclusion to which I have alluded in past weeks. If you dont know the problem, you have no hope of offering the solution. Nothing coming out of Rugby Australia has yet addressed any of rugbys appallingly urgent concerns.
Alan Jones is a former Wallabies coach and is host of the Alan Jones Breakfast Show on 2GB and the Macquarie radio network and is host of Jones & Co on Sky News at 8pm on Tuesdays.


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In order to guard against credit card fraud and keep our prices low, we need to verify that the billing and shipping addresses on file for the credit card match the addresses on your order. If the billing address is different from the shipping address, we will call your credit card company to verify that the alternate shipping and billing addresses are valid.
To avoid any unnecessary delays, please include your credit card issuer's phone number (found on the back of your credit card) in your customer account listing, and contact your credit card issuer to make sure that all of your alternate shipping addresses are on file for your account.


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Raw Footage: 7th Grader Stops School Bus After Driver Has Heart Attack!
"7th-grader stops school bus after driver has heart attack,Police say a student did a great job when he managed to stop a school bus after the driver had a heart attack Monday morning. Fife School District Assistant Superintendent Jeff Short said the bus was on its way to Surprise Lake Middle School when the substitute driver became incapacitated." Video Credit TheIlluminati0
Please click the "Report" button below if the video on this page is not working properly.
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Samsung announced that, from now on the temporary closure of China's biggest flagship store experience
Date: 2020-02-03
In addition to samsung, apple also recently announced it will close in mainland China all retail stores, offices and call centres, but online store and the former will continue as normal business.
On February 3, samsung China, are given for careful consideration, and according to the latest health experts suggest that from now on to February 9, samsung flagship store (the bund) will suspend business experience.
It is reported that samsung flagship store (the bund) is located in the Shanghai nanjing dong lu, experience is the first samsung in China and experience the biggest flagship store, the store on October 18, 2019 officially opened.Samsung had communication will be held in the samsung on China's domestic market in the first 5 g phones samsung Galaxy A90 5 g.
In addition to samsung, Apple also recently closed temporarily located in Qingdao, nanjing and fuzhou three Apple Store retail stores, announced it will close in mainland China all retail stores, offices and call centres, but online Store and the former will continue as normal business.
For before the outbreak, China samsung announced on January 31, will be sent to you by the Red Cross Society of China, donated 30 million yuan, to fight the new coronavirus outbreak.
Samsung said in a statement at the time, in addition to the donation of 30 million yuan, they are still in the donation section contains 1 million professional respirators and 10000 sets of protective clothing are in the south Korean emergency procurement, procurement will be the first time to China, after the completion of which will be needed for the outbreak of front.
In 2019, according to the report before, 5 g global smartphone shipments of 18.7 million units, including samsung following huawei second, shipments for 6.5 million units, market share is 35.8%, and the global handset shipments, samsung mobile phones in the whole year of 2019 global shipments for 300 million units, market share of 21.8%, still firmly.
For samsung mobile phones, at present the Chinese market is their biggest pain points, and its influence in the market more and more small, market share has been hovering around 1%, and in order to adjust the strategy, its closed factories in China, and increased the proportion of ODM model, in order to greatly reduce the development cost and artificial cost, keep the cell phone has a better price to compete with domestic brands such as huawei, millet.
In addition, samsung mobile phones more and more in the global market by huawei, millet, OPPO and vivo, such as the impact of the domestic mobile phone, in order to guarantee the status of industry leader, are they optimize the mode of existing products, such as more innovative high-end machines, to run a mid-range phones shipped, at the same time, according to the different market to customize different models, so that we can more meet the needs of the local users, and ODM model can also make them more advantages in the pricing.


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Friday, May 23, 2008
Be Brutally Honest, Please
This is a quilt in progress. It's for a donation to the hospital, but I need some opinions before I continue. The quilt was going to be 12 blocks. I was experimenting with a wonky half log cabin idea. I think I hate the fabric so much that I'm not liking the blocks at all. It's so dull and lifeless. I know it's to donate, but it will have my name on it and I don't like to give away something I don't like. What to do? Trash it? Will quilting transform it? Add something? I'm at a loss.
43 comments:
- The Calico Quilter said...
Maybe it's too pale. I think it needs more contrast. But I like the wonky log cabin idea. How were you going to arrange the blocks? A wonky split rail fence set might be cute. You have eight more blocks to go, perhaps if you added some darker blues and upped the contrast in the remaining blocks you could mix in these four and not have to redo them. Let us know what you decide!
- May 23, 2008 at 11:58 AM
- Cathi said...
What about adding a little yellow and a few darker blues? A little yellow will give it some sparkle and, as Calico Quilter said, the darker blues could up the contrast.
- May 23, 2008 at 12:07 PM
- The Calico Cat said...
You don't have any dark...
I like the wonky 1/2 log cabin idea, but when you add the other 2 sides - you lose that idea too.
- May 23, 2008 at 12:17 PM
- Shanna said...
The colors are very light, but they aren't bad together at all. Possibly turn them so that the small corner is at the "center" of the four blocks, then frame it with a darker fabric that still has the lighter colors in it, as if it is one block? I am just writing as I think, so I hope that makes sense. I really like the idea here.
- May 23, 2008 at 12:26 PM
- jenny said...
I often have crafting pessimism early on in quilts, but I like it so far and think you should keep going with it. I wouldn't add any colors or change the blocks. you could play with the arrangement at the end - pivot some of the blocks to make a more graphic statement. I usually end up liking a quilt more once it is done.
- May 23, 2008 at 12:29 PM
- MichelleB said...
Dull and lifeless? Fresh, clean, and bright. If it had a smell it would be the fresh cotton or fresh linen scents. It's like a summer day on the clothesline. I love it the way it is. Keep going.
- May 23, 2008 at 12:33 PM
I'd use some yellow for contrast and brightness. Maybe you could applique on some yellow flowers with a few green leaves and curvy stems. The curvy stems would break up the straight lines of the blocks. the blocks are lovely so far. I'll look forward to seeing what you decide to do with them.
- May 23, 2008 at 12:40 PM
- Joanna said...
I actually really like it. The first idea that came to me was to sash it with some funky black and white print or stripe. I think that would liven it up without going overboard. Or even red - you know that red and aqua are the new 'in' colors!
- May 23, 2008 at 12:46 PM
I like it! maybe you could turn the blocks so they face each other differently and I like the idea of applique like the person above said. Maybe you could add a bright border to make it pop a little.
I know how you feel though. I have a quilt that is just sitting there not sewn together because I don't like the fabric!
- May 23, 2008 at 12:47 PM
- Blondie said...
I'm with Michelle- these blocks just scream fresh and clean to me!
BUT I know that you like brighter, funkier colors and quilts, so if you think you need to brighten it up, maybe do some blocks in pinks and yellows, or even just some darker blues. Then quilt it with a really bright color (hot pink? bright orange?) and really set it off.
- May 23, 2008 at 1:00 PM
- Jody Sanders said...
I love it. It's so summer. My thought was white sashing, but I love Joanna's idea of red sashing even more.
- May 23, 2008 at 1:13 PM
- Nikki Schreiner said...
I actually really like it. Does is have to be a big quilt? because I think it would make an absolutely beautiful baby quilt without changing anything.
- May 23, 2008 at 1:40 PM
- Meg said...
I like it, beautiful work as usual, I would just maybe turn the blocks so they aren't all pointing in one direction, maybe some indigo blue sashing?
- May 23, 2008 at 1:49 PM
I love you log cabin and turquoise is my favorite color.
A few colors that make turquoise pop are orange and lime green.
You could also go with a red to make this fresh and modern.
Brown is also good with turquoise, I would chose a dark espresso.
You could either sash it with a contrast color or simply include one block of turquoise and contrast color somewhere in the quilt and then bind it with that same color. Thanks for sharing, hope this gives you idea and helps you like these blocks. Danielle
- May 23, 2008 at 2:38 PM
- Rebekah said...
I like how it's turning out so far! I wouldn't change anything other than possibly rotating the blocks around.
- May 23, 2008 at 2:58 PM
- Lady Beekeeper said...
Hmm. You're right - it looks crappy. E-mail for my address and I will take it off your hands because that is just the kind of gal I am. Always ready to help out a friend, don't cha know.
Seriously, I really, REALLY like it. You have picked fabric that I personally think is marvelous. It DOES look clean and fresh.
- May 23, 2008 at 2:59 PM
- dutchcomfort said...
I love the freshness of the quilt. If you decide to add other colours, I would suggest orange and some darker blues. I love the blocks. The idea to turn some into another direction could work very well!
- May 23, 2008 at 3:19 PM
- Julie said...
I like the blues and all the comments. How about some sashing with 9-patch squares at the corners and intersections? If there is such as thing as a wonky 9-patch you are the one to do it. I think red or purple would liven it up. Blue and brown is very trendy these days too. You could also try some random aplique of ladybugs, flowers, or whatever to provide eye candy.
- May 23, 2008 at 3:20 PM
- Marie' said...
I really like it. It would make a great baby boy blanket just how it is.
- May 23, 2008 at 3:28 PM
- jacquie said...
I wanted to respond in the comments because so many of you have those no reply email things. (You really ought to check that!) Thank you, thank you. I have so many good ideas to try. You all are the greatest! I'm going to play around this weekend and see what happens. Hopefully there will be a quilt at the end. I appreciate your willingness to weigh in and help out!
- May 23, 2008 at 3:55 PM
- Amanda Jean said...
I would rotate a few of the blocks to put all the 4 little squares in the center. you may have to use 16 blocks for the quilt to make the pattern successful, though. I like how it is shaping up. and quilting does add a lot, so don't underestimate that part of it. I do like the thought of adding in a few splashes of orange...maybe an orange (or lime) binding? there are so many possibilities!!! (it's funny how easy it is to see the possibilities in someone else's quilts rather than your own sometimes.)
- May 23, 2008 at 4:03 PM
- dot said...
I like it. It appears lite and airy to me.
- May 23, 2008 at 5:33 PM
- wardstorms said...
I do like this take on a wonky log cabin. It is a little pale in color, maybe add some bright turquoise sashing, or orange would really look great with these blues.
- May 23, 2008 at 5:48 PM
- Exuberantcolor/Wanda S Hanson said...
I don't see anything wrong with it. It is a 2 color quilt, like many of the antiques were. It is soft and soothing and great for a donation quilt. It's kind of like the old saying, everyone can't be the star, talking about the actors in a play. Quilts that are experiments don't have to be the "star" of your collection. Learn from your experiments and go forward.
- May 23, 2008 at 7:44 PM
- Peg - Happy In Quilting said...
Well in my opinion it is not dull and lifeless, it is crisp and clean, great for a hospital...what about a plain white border and then bind it in your scarps leftover in the blue...I think you are far too harsh on yourslelf Jacquie...
- May 23, 2008 at 8:18 PM
- Yummers! said...
I love the quilt the way it is! I'm a bright color person but this quilt really is great. I was just looking at a Pierre Deux purse my daughter gave me for mother's day and it is light blue and white... but has a few red cabbage roses on it. Cath Kidston uses that combo also.
- May 23, 2008 at 8:57 PM
- Sequana said...
Put a small red circle somewhere in each block. That will wake it up.
- May 23, 2008 at 9:15 PM
- Sara said...
I think it looks good, but I think that maybe some dark blues would "brighten" it up. Maybe just even as a sashing to give it some contrast. Also, I agree with rotating the blocks so they are not all the same. But as usual, your work looks great! And if you don't like the fabric then that is certainly playing into your not loving it!
- May 23, 2008 at 11:26 PM
- QuiltedSimple said...
I like it, but I would add some darker blue and some yellow. Gret idea!!
- May 24, 2008 at 5:56 AM
- Leanne said...
I'm with Michelle.....Fresh & clean and the smell of fresh linen. There is always a point in a project that there is some doubt.
- May 24, 2008 at 6:03 AM
- Beth said...
Maybe someone already suggested this, but I'd rotate some of the squares a bit so that they aren't all facing the same direction. That may help with the randomness.
As for the color....I know this isn't your normal bright color style but there is probably someone out there who LOVES this color and will love it more than a brightly colored (which you and I love). I'm constantly amazed when someone comments about something that I'm not in love with. We're all different. Keep at it!
- May 24, 2008 at 6:22 AM
- Abby and Stephanie said...
Red and aqua are very popular color combos perhaps a border in the red family. I have a hard time working on things I don't like. When that happens I donate the quilt top to a friend who finishes it and in turn donates it to a senior citizen center or women's shelter. Someone is happy to have it. However, I happen to really like the quilt and the colors.
- May 24, 2008 at 6:27 AM
- Rose said...
I am with Michelle, too. It just screams clothes hanging on the line. I would not change a single thing. Something like this would be so soothing and refreshing to look at, specially if one were sick.
- May 24, 2008 at 6:38 AM
- Regi said...
I love the wonky half log cabin pattern you have going here. Its very appealing, and the light fabrics allow the pattern to truly shine.
I cant really add any new suggestions that havemt been suggested already (darker blues, lime and/or yellow additions, change the placement of the blocks)... but I know it will be gorgeous when its done, and I cant wait to see it.
- May 24, 2008 at 9:15 AM
- Stephanie D said...
I think it lacks balance. I know it's supposed to be wonky, but there seems to be too much wonkiness and nowhere for the eye to rest. I think I like the idea of rotating the blocks somehow. Or maybe putting very wide white sashings to isolate to blocks a little more.
Whatever you do, I think balance is the key.
- May 24, 2008 at 11:10 AM
- Jen said...
I haven't read all of the comments through so I'm sorry if I'm repeating anything.
I like the blocks. For wonky blocks they seem too uniform. Maybe rotating some? They look like rectangles and not square so maybe, as you make more, move the center block around.
And how about using the darkest solid blue as some sashing as well? Doesn't have to be too wide.
I like the color of it overall. Maybe just not your cup of tea?
- May 25, 2008 at 7:23 AM
I know what it's like not to be 100% happy with something that you will be putting out there. Just follow your instincts. You could always set this one aside for now, and start another one differently, and then compare the two. You may decide that you want to explore the first idea further, or you may decide that you like your second draft better.
Personally, I like what you have so far, but you need to like it too. :~)
Have fun creating!
- May 25, 2008 at 8:11 AM
- Mary Johnson said...
I love this! I don't know where in the hospital it's going to go but I think it looks wonderful. I don't think that every quilt needs to make a strong statement - some are just soft and pretty like this one. I personally would keep going and NOT add other colors or darks.
- May 25, 2008 at 10:57 AM
- Heidi said...
Is it the colors or the wonkiness that is bothering you? If you are set on a monochromatic color scheme, I would do as some of the other posters have commented, add some darker blue hues. If you are not set on monochromatic, then contrasting colors are an option. Several people mentioned yellow, but I would vote for orange, blue true complementary color. It will make the blue bluer :)
Otherwise, I like the blue and white blocks you have. They just need a little more punch.
- May 25, 2008 at 4:11 PM
- Pat said...
I'm with Mary...I like it just the way it is. Soft and airy. Just think of it as an experiment out of your comfort zone! It will be great and loved by someone special :)
- May 25, 2008 at 7:27 PM
- erica e said...
dull and lifeless? what? i like this. it looks like a very fun baby boy quilt. hmm.. i like what previous commenter said about it smelling like fresh clean linen or laundry or something like that. or maybe like baby powder. yes, its a good one.
- May 27, 2008 at 2:21 PM
DO NOT throw it away! I think it's pure and bright, like a newborn baby. Of course I'm a total beginner at sewing, just my .02
I like it.
- May 27, 2008 at 5:13 PM
I love it - leave it alone. I would buy it if it was for sale. Great for a baby's nursery. Don't change a thing - you don't have to love everything.
- June 6, 2008 at 3:56 PM


text:
Site: Littlejohn Coliseum (Clemson, SC)Date: Saturday, Dec. 22, 2012Time: 1:00 PMVideo Stream: TigercastRadio: WCCP 104.9 FM (Roy Philpott, Kanetra Queen)Livestats: ClemsonTigers.comTickets: Click for ticket promotions
CLEMSON, SC – The Clemson women's basketball team will go for a third straight win entering a holiday break when they take on Samford (5-4) at 1:00 pm on Saturday in Littlejohn Coliseum. Clemson (3-7) is coming off a pair of wins in which they've set two of the top eight marks in school history in terms of field goal percentage in a half.
The game is available to watch and listen to live for free online courtesy of TigerCast at ClemsonTigers.com. There are several ticket promotions as well, including the announcement that all children ages 12 and under will receive free admission with a paying adult.
Clemson and Samford have met just once on the hardwood, a 58-48 Bulldog win in the 2010-11 season.
The Lady Tigers are coming off a late-night Wednesday win against Providence, in which they shot a school-record .750 in the second half. They trailed by as many as 12 in the first half, but came back to lead by 15 midway through the second half.
Over the last two games, Clemson is 27-38 (.710) from the floor in the second half, led by Nikki Dixon, who is averaging 14.3 points per game in the second half of her last three ballgames. During that stretch, she's averaging 21.3 per game, and for the season leads Clemson at 13.1 per game.
Quinyotta Pettaway is next on the scoring list at 8.6 per game, and is also averaging a team-best 7.8 rebounds and 1.8 blocks per game to go along with a .489 field goal percentage. She's scored in double-figures five times this season, and three straight.
Aisha Turner has come on strong with ehr extra minutes at the point, as she's averaging 8.7 points, 5.0 assists, and 4.1 rebounds per game in her three starts.
Samford has lost two games in a row, at Tennessee Tech, and at Oregon, but are 2-0 in the Southern Conference so far.
The game will be Clemson's final in the non-conference, as they open ACC play with North Carolina on Dec. 30 in Littlejohn Coliseum, kicking off an 18-game conference slate.
September 28, 2020
September 27, 2020


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Lights In The Sky Tour
From nine inch nails wiki
(Redirected from Performance 2008)
The Lights In The Sky Tour took place between July and December 2008 in North America and South America in support of Ghosts I-IV and The Slip. The tour was also essentially supporting Year Zero for the audiences it reached, as the Performance 2007 tour had not covered those parts of the world. Opening acts for this tour were Boris, The Bug, Crystal Castles, Deerhunter, Does It Offend You, Yeah?, HEALTH, A Place To Bury Strangers, White Williams and Vigilante.
On March 27, 2008, after much speculation, Nine Inch Nails announced a series of North American tour dates. A statement from Trent Reznor accompanied the announcement:
Lots going on in the world of nine inch nails...
On April 4, 2008, the newest line-up was listed on their official Youtube page, with Rich Fownes listed. On June 5th, 2008, nin.com was updated with the updated band members, and a promotional release and note about the tour:
"I am proud to announce the final personnel lineup of nine inch nails for the foreseeable future. We've added, we've subtracted and we've wound up with unquestionably the strongest lineup I've EVER had. Joining me onstage will be Robin Finck, Alessandro Cortini, Josh Freese and Justin Meldal-Johnsen.
On November 20, 2008, a trailer for the tour was posted on nin.com.
During the Las Vegas show on December 13, 2008, Reznor announced that Alessandro Cortini and Josh Freese would be leaving the line-up at the end of the tour, making the show the last for Freese and the last for Cortini until 2013. Reznor also stated that 2009 would see Nine Inch Nails performing as a four-piece act, opting to not replace Cortini, suggesting the shows would not be of the same aesthetic, visually or musically, during the 2009 dates. The December 17, 2008, nin.com blog entry read:
"The LIGHTS IN THE SKY era has come to a close, and I'd like to once again thank you for your support. I am very proud of what we pulled off - it was an immense amount of work and worth it all.
Ticket Pre-sales
With the development of nin.com v7.0 and the discontinuation of The Spiral, ticket pre-sales were no longer limited to fan club members, resulting in a new method of ticket pre-sales being developed, explained on nin.com as thus:
"Presales for the upcoming tour are about to begin. Presales for the Lexington, KY show will open on Wednesday, with many more shows starting up early next week. We've been working very hard to get the best tickets in the hands of the fans, bypassing scalpers, ticket resellers, and ticketing agencies… This has been a difficult process to bring together outside of The Spiral, and frankly, it's a work in progress. The presale system you'll be using for this tour does everything we set out to do, but as of right now ticket purchasing requires a few more steps than we'd prefer. You can expect a more streamlined system for future tours, but for now, here's what to expect:
Stage Set-Up
The production for the Lights In The Sky tour was one of the most ambitious for NIN, as well as the industry in general at the time. Rob Sheridan and lighting designer Roy Bennett worked with a company called Moment Factory to create unique and groundbreaking visuals that were at times interactive with Reznor and other members of the band. This was achieved with a set of "stealth screens" that would be raised or lowered during the set.
Among these effects were a static-like visual used for "Only", during which Reznor's movements could break the effect as if the lights were a physical barrier; a feed from a camera trained on Reznor during "The Greater Good" and "Closer" that created a surreal, almost 3D image of his face across the stage as he sang; and a large scale re-creation of a drum machine touch screen for Josh Freese to use during "Echoplex".
Due to the tour being very production-heavy, the setlists were reasonably static. Many songs from The Slip and Year Zero were played, with "God Given", "Vessel" and "Meet Your Master" making their live debuts. Each show also featured a mini-set comprised of a rotating selection of songs from Ghosts I-IV, which always concluded with a version of "Piggy" that had been reworked to evoke the feel of the Ghosts instrumentation. Though it was not played in full, an instrumental portion of "Zero-Sum" was tagged onto the end of set closer "In This Twilight".
Scrapped 3D Film
The tour was originally planned to be documented in a 3D film by James Cameron, but this fell through and instead, a few shows were filmed by the NIN camp and the raw footage was made available to fans via a torrent. A fan collective known as This One Is On Us compiled the footage into a Blu-Ray and DVD release called Another Version Of The Truth: The Gift.
Trent Reznor posted a statement on nin.com about the scrapped plans:
"File this one under lost opportunities.
Lights In The Sky Over North America
Tour Dates
Lights In The Sky Over South America
Tour Dates
Lights In The Sky Over North America
Tour Dates
External Links


text:
3 Morse Taper to 6 Jacobs Taper Drill Chuck Arbor
Model #: DCA-3M-6J
Price: $6.00
Description: 3MT- 6JT Drill Chuck Arbor, 1833-0080
- 3 Morse Taper Shank
- Chuck (Jacobs) Taper: 6JT
- Note: Photo shows a Morse Taper to Jacobs Taper arbor, but not necessarily this specific arbor.
- Please do not use the photo to judge the relative size of the tapers.
For chucks with Jacobs taper backs.
Determine both shank size (to fit into your Drill Press,tailstock, etc.) & chuck (Jacobs) taper to order the correct arbor.
Morse Taper to Jacobs Taper arbors have a tang end (Not available with a drawbar end.


text:
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The Porsche Boxster S is an entry-level coupe suitable for middle-aged accountants and dentists, right? Not exactly.
Think more along the lines of James Dean.
"It's a sexy car because of him," Porsche spokesman Dave Engelman says. The $64,100 coupe is said to evoke the iconic Porsche 550 Spyder driven by the "Rebel Without A Cause" star. "They were designed as all-out sports cars with no compromise."
Forbes.com slideshow: See the 10 hottest convertibles
Indeed. Not that Joe the Accountant couldn't drive it, of course, but the Boxster offers so much more than that. Three hundred fifteen horsepower and a 0-60 mph time of 4.7 seconds are nothing to laugh at. Not to mention a top speed of nearly 175 miles per hour.
And if you ask a pro he'll tell you that for most civilians, the mid-engined Boxster is much more fun to drive on the track than its 911 sibling.
"The Boxster is a great car — it's way more manageable than the 911," Patrick Long told me once at a party in New York. He would know — Long drives the Porsche 911 GT3-RSR for Flying Lizard Motorsports in the American Le Mans Series.
All this to say that the Boxster S is a perfect fit for our list of 10 hot convertibles on the market this summer.
This year's group includes cars from the likely suspects (think Aston Martin, Bentley, Mercedes-Benz) along with a few surprises. Some are impractical but exceedingly attractive. Others look more demure and will work for a weekend jaunt with friends. But they're all relatively expensive — the $60,000 Ford Shelby GT is the cheapest thing on the list — and muscle-car buffs and exotics-lovers alike will agree they're all hot rides. (We chose the winners on this list from model-year 2012 or newer cars.)
To drop or not?
Convertibles have been around for more than a century (they were the original horseless carriages, after all — just ask Gottlieb Daimler) but once conventional vehicles came about their popularity waned. Sales nationwide may actually be slipping even more, thanks to the growing popularity of panoramic sunroofs and targa tops.
According to the research firm RL Polk, convertible sales typically account for nearly 2 percent of the auto market but were running closer to 1.2 percent last year. The Chevrolet Camaro was the top-selling convertible last year, accounting for 7,530 car registrations. The Ford Mustang was second, with convertible sales of 6,645.
On the luxury side, the highest-selling convertible, the Mercedes-Benz E-Class, sold just of 3,446 units last year; the BMW 328 convertible sold just 2,867 units. But convertibles are still an important part of each brand, says Lonnie Miller, an analyst for Polk, because they act as "halo" vehicles — they attract attention and excitement. Even if someone doesn't actually buy the roadster they walk into a showroom to drool over, at least it got them into the showroom.
"It's a feel-good car," Miller says.
Hard or soft?
For those who do opt to drop-top, the biggest question often comes down to form: Which is better, a soft top or a hard top? Switch from a cloth top to hard top in any given cabriolet and it'll affect everything — performance, structural soundness and (most importantly for many consumers) aesthetics — because of the difference in weight and structure. Each style has its merits — it just depends on what you want.
Hard tops like the one available in the $105,500 Mercedes-Benz SL550 are quieter and more durable, especially for drivers who live in cold climates. They're also generally accepted as better-looking when the top is raised. But they're also heavier, which means hardtop cars are slower and less fuel-efficient than they would be with cloth tops.
A cloth top on something like Ford's Shelby Mustang means more space in the trunk and a lighter (more efficient) vehicle. It's well-suited to drivers who won't likely need to put up the roof very often. But they often look dingy and cheap when they're deployed, and they're usually more complicated to engage than the push-button hardtop. They also tend to be slightly louder than something hard, despite huge gains in recent years to make the seals more sound-proof.
One of the best in the ragtop range is Bentley's arch Continental GTC. It has 500 horsepower, with a top speed of 195 miles per hour and a 0-to-60 sprint time of 4.5 seconds. Inside it has unique bulls-eye air vents and wood-framed organ stop controls, Mulliner diamond-quilted leather seats and a three-spoke leather steering wheel with aluminum inlays. Price: Just under $200,000, for the base version.
It's a handsome car, to be sure. There's just one catch, and it goes for everything on this list: The Continental goes faster with the roof up.
More from Forbes.com
- 10 fast and fuel-frugal sports cars
- The ultimate summer drives for car buffs
- 10 best new-car interiors
- The most improved cars for 2012
- Fastest cars under $50,000
More money and business news:
Follow msnbc.com business onTwitter and Facebook
© 2012 Forbes.com


text: Luxury On Your Terms Watch Product Video > Watch Feature Video > Fashion-inspired design The design of ASUS ZenPad S 8.0 carries modern influences and a simple, clean look that gives it a universal and stylish appeal. These elements are inspired by our Zen design philosophy of balancing beauty and strength. Learn more about Design > Bigger while smaller ASUS ZenPad S 8.0 is an 8-inch tablet that is only 6.9mm thin, weighs just 317g, and has a 74% screen-to-body ratio — an incredible engineering achievement made possible by reducing the bezel width to the bare minimum. 74% SCREEN-TO-BODY RATIO 317g LIGHT 6.9 mm THIN Unprecedentedly rich visual experience ASUS VisualMaster is a suite of exclusive visual enhancement technologies that combine hardware and software to optimize all aspects of the display resulting in an incredibly realistic viewing experience.With ASUS VisualMaster, it's just like being there. Learn more about VisualMaster > ASUSTruVivid ASUSBluelight Filter 2KDisplay ASUSSplendid Unprecedented performance ASUS ZenPad S 8.0 is powered by the Intel® Atom™ Z3530 processor (quad-core, 64-bit) and has 2GB RAM, so you can enjoy fast web surfing, smooth video playback, great gaming experiences, and multi-tasking that doesn't leave you waiting. Intel Inside®. Amazing Experiences Outside. Intel, the Intel logo, Intel Atom and Intel Atom Inside are trademarks of Intel Corporation in the U.S. and/or other countries. 64-bitIntel® Atom™Z3530 CPU* 6430PowerVR533MHz GPU 64-bitDual-Channel2GB RAM Android L OS 20ms Touchresponsiveness 8 in 2K Screen The powerful 64-bit Intel® Atom™ processor The 64-bit super quad-core Intel® Atom™ Z3530 processor inside ASUS ZenPad S 8.0 carefully balances brilliant performance and superb power efficiency, empowered by the sophisticated Silvermont architecture. Cinematic audio ASUS ZenPad S 8.0 features DTS-HD Premium Sound and SonicMaster technology to provide the ultimate audio experience. Learn more about Audio > See what others can't see ASUS ZenPad S 8.0's 5MP PixelMaster camera captures stunning, high-resolution photos with zero shutter lag. The industry-leading Low Light mode employs pixel-merging technology to capture up to 400% brighter photos at night, or in low-light scenes, without the need for a flash. Learn more about PixelMaster camera > Brand new ZenUI™ ASUS ZenUI has more than 1,000 features that improve upon the standard Android interface. You'll enjoy a simpler and smarter experience, with a stylish new layout that expands white space for a cleaner design, placing the information you need front and center. The brand new ZenUI is brighter, smarter, simpler and even more beautiful. It knows what you need, expresses your thoughts and feelings, and connects you wherever you go. Learn more about ZenUI > 20,000,000+ ZenUI Devices Sold 150,000,000+ ZenUI Apps Downloaded ASUS ZenPad S 8.0 TriCover ASUS ZenPad S 8.0 TriCover provides comprehensive and stylish protection for ASUS ZenPad S 8.0, and is available in a choice of three vibrant colors with exquisite textured finishes for expressing your personal style. Just 0.8mm at its thinnest point, TriCover is thin and lightweight, and doubles as a convenient stand for watching videos and typing.


text:
Waning Hope
Holy Land Christians' reaction to President Obama's proposal for Middle East peace was mixed, but many residents seem to be losing hope.
JERUSALEM — Exhausted by decades of conflict, residents of the Holy Land are pessimistic that the peace initiative unveiled by President Barack Obama on May 19 will lead to peace.
Local Christians, though deeply rooted in their faith, say they have pretty much given up hope that there will ever be an end to the suffering.
Ethnically Palestinians, they believe that Israel has only its interests, and not theirs, at heart.
Alex, the owner of a Christian shop in the narrow alleyway leading to the Church of the Holy Sepulcher in the Old City, laughed ruefully when asked about his hopes for the future.
"You've come too late, my dear. There is no future," said Alex, who appeared to be in his 50s and declined to provide his last name.
Obama's peace plan asserts the rights of the Palestinians to have a nation of their own and for Israelis to live in peace with defensible borders.
It calls on Israelis and Palestinians to negotiate land swaps with the 1967 borders as their starting point. Israel captured East Jerusalem, the West Bank and Gaza Strip in the 1967 Six-Day War.
Speaking to the American-Israel Public Affairs Committee, a pro-Israel lobbying group, May 22, Obama said that his original message had been misrepresented, and he sought to clarify it.
"I said that the United States believes that negotiations should result in two states, with permanent Palestinian borders with Israel, Jordan, and Egypt, and permanent Israeli borders with Palestine," he told the AIPAC gathering. "The borders of Israel and Palestine should be based on the 1967 lines with mutually agreed swaps so that secure and recognized borders are established for both states. The Palestinian people must have the right to govern themselves, and reach their potential, in a sovereign and contiguous state."
He also sought to clarify his reference to the 1967 lines.
"By definition, it means that the parties themselves — Israelis and Palestinians — will negotiate a border that is different than the one that existed on June 4, 1967," he said, referring to the day preceding the outbreak of the Six-Day War.
"That's what mutually agreed-upon swaps means. It is a well-known formula to all who have worked on this issue for a generation. It allows the parties themselves to account for the changes that have taken place over the last 44 years. It allows the parties themselves to take account of those changes, including the new demographic realities on the ground and the needs of both sides. The ultimate goal is two states for two people: Israel as a Jewish state and the homeland for the Jewish people and the state of Palestine as the homeland for the Palestinian people, each state in joined self-determination, mutual recognition and peace."
Since Israel's withdrawal from Gaza in 2005, the territory has been a launching pad for Palestinian rockets into Israel.
During his visit to Washington the week of May 23, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu indicated that Israel would be prepared to make "painful concessions," including a withdrawal from much of the West Bank, but vowed never to relinquish East Jerusalem.
As church bells chimed, Alex doubted out loud whether the parties will ever be able to agree on the issue of Jewish settlements, the future status of Jerusalem, and, perhaps most thorny of all, whether millions of Palestinian refugees and their descendants should be allowed to move to Israel even when a Palestinian state is established.
Israelis maintain that a mass influx of Muslims and Christians would soon turn Jews into a minority in their own homeland.
The Holy Land, Alex noted, has been ruled by many nations, and none has brought lasting peace.
"The Turkish, the British, the Jordanians, the Israelis, the Palestinians — yet there is no permanent peace. We have hope for Jesus, but no hope for us here in the Holy Land."
Although most Christians have left the Holy Land to escape wars and to go in search of financial stability, Alex said he has no plans to leave.
"My family keeps me here, and I'll stay," he said. "But I don't have hope. Jesus was crucified here, but after that, hope died."
'Where Would I Go?'
Ibrahim, the 75-year-old owner of another Christian shop up the street, also said he has no plans to leave.
"Where would I go?" he asked.
For Ibrahim, a "just" peace treaty would include financial compensation for the property his family lost in wars and the right of return to what is now Israel.
"I'm a refugee. Other people live in my home. Will the American president or [Palestinian leader Mahmoud] Abbas or Netanyahu return it to me? What's new in all this? Tell me. Nothing!"
Calming down, Ibrahim acknowledged that both Palestinians and Israelis have suffered grievous losses and have been stubbornly clinging to their positions.
"As a Palestinian, I'd like to see Jerusalem Palestinian. The Jews want Jerusalem to be Jewish. This country will never see peace," he said. "Never."
Painting a delicate design on his signature pottery, Harout Sandrouni, an Armenian Orthodox Christian whose family owns a store and workshop in the Old City, said that although he doesn't see any immediate solution in sight, he is not ready to abandon hope completely.
"I always wish for the best. I want to ensure that the next generation will have a decent and happy life," said Sandrouni, who has a daughter.
'Peace Means Justice'
Father Samer Haddad, the parish priest of Aboud, a West Bank village, is also fairly pessimistic about the chances for peace.
"For me, a priest and a Christian, peace means justice, and justice means balance and equality. I think it's clear to everyone here that Palestine's borders will not be those of 1967."
The problem, Father Haddad believes, is Israeli settlements.
"My fear is that the settlements will remain," Father Haddad said, referring to the largest settlement blocs — some of them small cities — located just a few miles from Jerusalem. "They were built to become a natural border for Israel."
Having followed the proceedings in Washington closely from his office in East Jerusalem, Auxiliary Bishop William Shomali, chancellor of the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem, identified some positive elements in Obama's speech.
"It was positive when he spoke about Israeli withdrawal to the 1967 borders and the creation of a Palestinian state there," Bishop Shomali said. "It was positive when he asserted the rights of the Palestinians and accepts the principle of occupation of the land by Israel."
Bishop Shomali could not say the same about Prime Minister Netanyahu's May 24 speech before a joint session of the U.S. Congress, where he received more than 50 standing ovations.
"I believe that Obama is courageous, even if he backtracked a bit in his subsequent speech before AIPAC," Bishop Shomali said.
Sami Awad, the executive director of the Holy Land Trust, a Bethlehem-based Palestinian non-governmental organization, agrees that Obama's speech was unprecedented: "He said publicly what everyone knows must happen."
Awad said he isn't optimistic in the short term, "but I feel optimistic that, on a grassroots level, more people, especially Christians, want an end to the conflict."
Michele Chabin writes from Jerusalem.
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- June 5-18, 2011


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Orbital Welding of Small Diameter Tubing
Orbital Welding of Small Diameter Tubing
Small diameter tubing, defined as round tubing with an outside diameter of 38mm or less, is used in a variety of industrial applications. For joining of small diameter tubing, particularly for more critical piping systems where weld quality or product purity is a concern, orbital welding has become the preferred joining method. Orbital tube welding is generally a fusion process in which the edges of the joint are melted and fused together without the addition of filler material.
The size range for orbital fusion welding is 3.2mm-177.8mm OD but the most common size is 6.3mm OD, 0.9mm wall which is used extensively for semi-conductor process gas lines. Orbital weld heads are of the enclosed type and form a chamber which is filled with inert gas during welding to prevent oxidation of the tube OD during welding. Each weld head accommodates a range of sizes, which is accomplished by changing the tube clamp inserts to fit the tube diameter on both sides of the head, or with the smaller heads, by changing the clamp assembly.
Figure 1. Tubing suppliers for high-purity semi-conductor applications subject the 316L electropolished stainless steel tubing to rigorous cleaning procedures. A cleanroom environment ensures that cleanliness will meet the most stringent standards. Photo courtesy of Valex Corporation
Orbital welding first became practical in the early 1980s with the development of power supplies which operated on 110 VAC and were small enough to be moved around a construction site. These power supplies provided precise control of weld parameters, making it possible to achieve a high degree of repeatability from weld to weld. The newer power supplies are microprocessor--based and the weld program listing weld parameters for each size of tubing, pipe or fitting are stored in the power supply memory and called up as needed for a particular size. Weld parameters include pulsed welding current, travel speed (RPM), level time, pulse times, etc. The weld is typically done as a single pass weld with four or more levels of welding current, but welds of two or more passes can be programmed into the power supply.
Two-day operator training is recommended to maintain consistent high quality orbital welds. The operator must be able to identify an acceptable weld for the application and to make adjustments in weld parameters or procedures in case of marginal or unacceptable welds. Most high purity applications specify 316L stainless steel, but orbital welding of other materials, including duplex stainless steel tubing for offshore applications, titanium tubing for aerospace applications and AL-6XN and Hastelloy for corrosive environments, have been successfully orbitally welded.
High-purity applications of orbital tube welding
Figure 2. Miles of 316L stainless steel tubing have been orbitally welded in place for semi-conductor process gas lines. Photo taken at Matsushita Semiconductor of America's facility by Pilchuk Mechanical Contractors
Figure 3. Orbital weld head installed on 12.7mm OD instrumentation tubing supplying vital gases to a fermentor.
The growth of the semi-conductor industry over the past decade has witnessed the building of numerous fabrication plants for the manufacture of semi-conductor devices. Miles of stainless steel process gas lines, mostly electropolished 316L tubing, have been installed by orbital welding. During this period, the line width of devices has gone from micron to submicron to tenths of microns. As the line width has dropped, concern for microcontamination has increased, as smaller and smaller particles have the potential to reduce the yield of devices to unacceptable levels.
The interior surface finish of the tubing is critical in the control of contamination, and the weld bead must also be smooth to prevent entrapment of particulates. Process gas purity has improved from the parts per million level of contaminants to the parts per billion level and must be able to pass through the process gas lines to the point of use without picking up moisture, oxygen, particulates, etc.
A very smooth surface finish on the tubing ID keeps water adsorption to a minimum and reduces the time to "dry down" the lines before they are placed in service. The tubing ID is first mechanically polished followed by electropolishing to achieve a surface finish of 10 Ra (average roughness) micro inches or less. Finishes of 7, 5, or even 2 Ra microinches are achievable.
Weld acceptance criteria for the semi-conductor industry are very stringent. A thin weld bead is preferred since the weld surface is rougher than the tubing surface and the thinner the weld bead, the less surface area will be contributed by the weld. However, the weld must be uniform in width, fully penetrated on the ID and free of discolouration due to oxidation which will occur during welding unless the purge gas is purified to the 1-2 parts per million level of oxygen or less.
A smooth weld bead is desirable, but the smoothness is limited by the chemical composition of the base metal. Very low sulphur stainless steel with low impurities, purged on the OD and ID during welding with argon containing 2-5% hydrogen, produces a very smooth weld bead. However, the addition of hydrogen to the purge gas results in a less stable arc with a tendency to arc wander, and tungsten electrode life is greatly reduced. Arc wander can also result from slag inclusions in the metal which appear as globs on the OD or ID of the weld bead during welding. This condition is the result of impurities in the base metal. Calcium and aluminum, which are added to the melt during the refining process to remove impurities, are principal components of the slag deposits.
Figure 4. Closeup of weld head which was designed to optimise axial clearance for welding in hard-to-access locations. Photo courtesy of B. Braun Biotech
|Figure 5. Special mandrel used by Northrop Corp. Aircraft Division, to weld titanium environmental control system (ECS) fittings to a titanium elbow in an orbital weld head.
Orbital welding QC for small diameter tubing depends heavily upon the use of test coupons. Prior to the start of any orbital welding project, sample welds are made on the actual materials to be joined to assure that the welds meet the specified criteria. Test coupons are also submitted at specified intervals during the job, which would normally include the start of each shift and following procedural changes, eg a change of tubing heat number or a tungsten change. While welds done in a shop environment can usually be inspected on the ID with a borescope, field welds on piping systems may be inaccessible. The repeatability of the orbital welding process makes it likely that if the sample weld is good, subsequent welds on the same material will continue to be good.
The bioprocess and biopharmaceutical industries have become heavy users of orbital welding technology during the past 15 years. Applications in these industries include product piping, and piping for water for injection, which is used in the manufacture of pharmaceutical products which are injected into the human body, DI (deionised) water and clean steam piping.
The major issues for piping systems in the biopharmaceutical industries are cleanability and sterilisability, so equipment and piping systems must be designed with these concepts in mind. Modern pharmaceutical, food and dairy piping systems are designed to be cleaned-in-place (CIP/SIP) without being taken apart as opposed to systems which are taken apart for cleaning or cleaned-out-of-place (COP).
Although never as smooth as the tubing ID, the surface of the weld must be as smooth as possible for CIP to be effective. Indeed, orbital welds are routinely clean and smooth without the crevices and irregularities which were common with manual welding. Tubing for bioprocess applications is type 316L to ASTM A269 or ASTM A270. Electropolished tubing is typically used for more critical piping applications.
Purge gas purity and purging techniques
Orbital welding is a mechanised version of the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process. Orbital welding is done in an inert gas atmosphere which is provided by argon gas in the weld head which protects the outside of the weld from oxidation during welding. An argon purge delivered to the tubing ID is used to protect the ID of the weld joint from oxidation. Purging is important for semiconductor welds because any oxides remaining on the tubing ID after welding may react with gases passed through the tubing or may form particulates which could greatly reduce product yield.
In pharmaceutical piping a form of corrosion known as rouge has been associated with the (HAZ) of welds (Coleman and Evans, 1991). Rouge, which contains the products of corrosion, circulates through the piping system and forms a film on the interior surface. In some systems it may be of little consequence while in other systems it can lead to further corrosion and invalidate the process. Loss of corrosion resistance as a result of welding has been correlated with heat tint discolouration of the weld HAZ which is proportional to the amount of oxygen in the ID purge gas.
Orbital welds on 316L stainless steel tubing show little or no loss of corrosion resistance as a result of welding when the ID argon purge gas has oxygen levels in the low ppm range or better (Grant et al, 1997). Pharmaceutical piping systems are generally passivated with a nitric acid or mixed chelant solution before being put into service to reverse some of the changes produced by welding and fabrication. Passivation removes only the lightest heat tint oxidation, so in order to get the maximum benefits of passivation and the minimum loss of corrosion resistance, welding must be done with highly purified purge gas.
Hansen et al, of the FORCE Institute in Denmark (1994) studied the correlation between loss of corrosion resistance after welding as measured by the critical pitting temperature and purge gas oxygen levels in both duplex and AISI 316L stainless steel They suggested an upper limit of 25-50 ppm of oxygen producing a straw colour heat tint to retain an acceptable level of corrosion resistance in 316L. For duplex stainless steel an oxygen level even below 5-10 ppm in Formier gas is needed to retain acceptable corrosion resistance after welding. At this level the heat tint is barely visible. Formier gas, which contains 90% nitrogen and 10% hydrogen, provides better protection for duplex than argon at the same levels of oxygen contamination. Several types of gas purifiers are available which can reduce oxygen and moisture levels in welding gas to the low ppb range. In addition, purging hoses, purge plugs, and purge techniques must provide for a leak-free purge system to deliver gas of the required purity to the weld joint.
While purging is important for stainless steel it is even more important for titanium. Titanium is not difficult to weld, but it is a refractory metal that reacts easily with oxygen or hydrogen and becomes embrittled if not protected from oxidation at temperatures above 426?C. A well-shielded weld on titanium will have a bright shiny appearance, while oxidation appears as straw, blue, grey or white discolouration.
While a slight blue oxidation is not particularly detrimental to stainless steel, it may be fatal to the mechanical properties of titanium. A trailing shield is often used for titanium welding to maintain the purge on the weld and HAZ until sufficiently cooled to prevent oxidation. For orbital welding the enclosed weld head provides a shield, and extra shielding may be added, if needed, as extensions of the head to increase the area of tubing protected by the purge.
Figure 6. Tubing for the air-to-air refueling system of the C-17 is of orbitally welded titanium. Titanium is frequently used in aircraft because of its light weight and strength.
Orbital welding was developed in the late 1950s by North American Aviation because of leaks developed during flights of the X-15 on lines joined by fittings. The Rocketdyne Division of Rockwell which, having bought NAA, recognised the need for a more reliable joining technology and adapted the GTAW process to a mechanised system in which the tungsten electrode, surrounded by an inert gas atmosphere, was rotated around the tube to complete the joint.
Today, most aerospace uses of orbital welding are for the joining of titanium tubing and fittings, with each Boeing 747 having miles of orbitally welded tubing. The C-17 has orbitally welded titanium air-to-air refueling lines. Weight is a vital consideration for aircraft design and titanium is light and strong enough to permit the use of thinner wall thicknesses than steel for the same diameters, resulting in a significant weight reduction. Orbital butt welds are also much lighter than the welded or brazed fittings they replace.
GTAW is the most widely used welding process for titanium and titanium alloys and excellent results are obtained, providing extra care is exercised in cleaning and purging the material. Weld procedure qualification of titanium fittings requires a flexure test in which the soundness of the weld joint is established by placing the tubes and fittings under pressure and rotating for 10 million cycles (10 X 106) without failure. This is a very stringent test, and improper cleaning of components, weld oxidation, or even the shape of the weld bead can result in failure.
Small diameter duplex stainless steel tubing
The use of duplex stainless steel has increased in recent years, especially for offshore applications because of its excellent corrosion resistance in the marine environment. Filler wire is usually added during welding to ensure that the material will retain a favourable phase balance in the weld and HAZ after welding. The superior mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of duplex stainless steels depend upon a balanced phase ratio' of approximately 50% ferrite and 50% austenite which may be altered during the welding thermal cycle unless filler material overalloyed in nickel is added to the weld.
Enserch obtained good results with orbital fusion welding of Sandvik's SAF 2507 superduplex stainless steel for a hydraulic control system used to regulate the flow of gas from subsea wells in the Gulf of Mexico (Henon and Hayes, 1993). Duplex was selected for this application over 316L stainless steel because of the corrosive environment and because the superior strength of duplex would stand up to the 10,000 lb/in2 operating pressure.
Figure 7. Orbital welding of super duplex stainless steel for subsea hydraulic lines. An alignment clamp is used to hold the tubes in position during orbital welding for optimal arrangement of the closely-spaced tubes. Photo courtesy of Acute Technological Services
Weight was an important consideration for this installation due to the load-bearing limitations of the construction cranes used to position the sleds. If 316L had been selected it would have required a larger diameter and wall thickness than the 12.7mm diameter, 1.7mm walled superduplex tubing that was used, and would have been much heavier. Orbital fusion butt welding was selected over manual socket welds which would have required twice as many welds and considerably more weight.
The orbital welds were subjected to intensive testing to ensure that the mechanical strength and other favourable properties of the superduplex was not compromised by welding. Sample welds were qualified to ASME Section IX of the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. Bend and tensile tests, radiography, dye penetrant tests and hydraulic burst tests were performed. With manual welding, ferrite counts are apt to be inconsistent from weld to weld because of the variable heat input inherent in the process. With orbital welding, once acceptable procedures have been developed, the repeatability of weld parameters provides consistent acceptable ferrite counts and repeatable weld quality. In addition to the tube-to-tube welds done on this installation, superduplex tubes were joined to Nitronic 50 fittings in an orbital butt joint.
A lip on the fitting provided a comparable metallurgical effect to the addition of filler metal but with a fusion welding process. Altogether a total of 1,000 superduplex welds were completed on this project. This successful installation clearly demonstrated the feasibility of orbital fusion welding of thin-walled superduplex tubing. Orbital welding of superduplex tubing offers significant economic advantages to conventional joining methods. For high-purity applications, better control of the welding and fabrication process is provided when assemblies are prefabricated in a shop or cleanroom rather than welded in the field.
For the semi-conductor industry, gas panels, manifolds, gas cabinets, gas sticks, etc are typically welded in a cleanroom environment. Pharmaceutical skids and equipment are generally assembled and welded in a clean fabrication area devoted to this purpose. For the semi-conductor industry, this approach provides control over all aspects of welding and inspection.
Figure 8. Much fabrication of gas distribution system components are pre-fabricated using orbital welding in a cleanroom environment. Welding operators are attired in cleanroom gowns and gloves to prevent contamination. Photo courtesy of Cambridge Fluid Systems Limited, UK
Purging: For purging, gas of certified high quality is delivered to the cleanroom with instrumentation to determine the oxygen and moisture to the ppb levels. Magnehelic pressure gauges are used routinely to monitor and control the purge gas pressure on the ID of small tubing during cleanroom welding.
A slight pressure of about 25.4mm of water may be used to achieve a flat inner weld bead on 6.3mm tubing, however, excessive pressure may result in a weld that is concave on the ID and convex on the OD or may even blow out the weld.
Fixturing: Good alignment of components being welded is fundamental for successful welding of assemblies for process gas applications. These assemblies are typically quite complex, consisting of numerous valves, regulators, fittings, tubing and other components. With simple assemblies the alignment provided by the weld head may be sufficient, but for complex assemblies with heavy valves and regulators, alternative support systems for parts being welding are essential.
One of the major reasons for rejecting an orbital weld is misalignment or mismatch (high-low) when welding small tubing (6.3mm, 3.2mm or 12.7mm OD) to microfit fittings. If the fitting is misaligned to the tube, the resulting weld will be crooked and parts will not be aligned properly, causing problems when trying to fit up the remaining components of the assembly. Since these fittings are quite expensive, some fabricators have resorted to cutting out the welds past the HAZ and refacing the end of the fitting so that it can be welded again to a new tube. Clearly, it would be more practical and less expensive to line up the parts correctly in the first place. Various tools are available that are useful to hold assemblies in place for alignment.
Engineering height gauges, or laboratory stands and clamps can be used to support and align components. One of the more practical systems has been developed by ICF Inc. It is called a MicroAlign Plate and consists of an aluminum plate with tapped holes threaded to accept a variety of stand-offs to support any number of different type components. This removes the strain from the weld head which mounts in the centre of the plate so that parts being welded are not pulled apart by the weight of the rest of the assembly.
Figure 9. Regulator assembly weld sequence.
Welding procedures (SOPs): When fabricating large numbers of similar small parts and assemblies it is important for both productivity and quality control to work from a written in-house list of Standard Operating Procedures. Assemblies to be orbitally welded are typically put together in a kit containing all the components.
The welding operators must check the kit against the bill of materials and drawings and observe the allowances for shrinkage during welding. The shrinkage for orbitally welded parts is much more predictable than for manually welded parts, making it easier to conform to the specified measurements.
The SOPs would specify when test welds must be done, usually at the start and end of each day, and for procedural changes such as a change of tubing size or after a change of tungsten electrode. The SOPs would also indicate required purge times, outlet restrictions used to increase the ID purge pressure, if used, and the proper fittings to use for purging. It may be necessary to do the welds in a particular order or sequence: eg, welds on valves or regulators must always be done with the ID purge gas passing through the component and exiting downstream of the weld.
There are several reasons for this: if the valve is left assembled, heat from the purge gas leaving the weld area may cause damage; a valve or regulator on the exit side of a weld may present a flow restriction which would pressurise the weld resulting in a blowout; contaminants released from the tubing during welding may become entrapped in the valve or regulator.
Inspection of small parts and assemblies: Biopharmaceutical and semi-conductor welds are typically inspected on the ID to verify that they meet specified weld criteria for the application. While test coupons can be cut open for inspection, actual production welds are typically inspected on the ID with a borescope. The image of the weld may be projected on a video monitor or a videotape of the weld circumference may be stored on tape for future reference.
A written specification detailing appropriate weld criteria for the particular industry or application must be in effect. It is strongly recommended that actual weld samples showing acceptable welds and welds with defects that would cause them to be rejected be available to welding personnel as a reference. Orbital tube welds for any high purity application must be fully penetrated on the ID. The weld bead must be uniform in width and fairly flat, ie, neither concave nor convex on the OD or ID with little or no discolouration due to oxidation.
Some cleanroom fabricators use a comparator to check the alignment of their orbital welds. This device projects an image of the weldment on a screen and alignment can be determined within a degree of offset and this is held to very strict tolerances.
Orbital welding has become the preferred method of joining small diameter tubing in a variety of industries. To people who are not directly involved with these industries the procedural requirements may seem esoteric and not generally applicable. However, in the semi-conductor industry, both in field applications and in cleanroom fabrication, this type of welding is done on a daily basis with a very high level of productivity. Gradual improvements in their SOPs by one mechanical contractor in biopharmaceutical installations resulted in a reduction of their orbital weld reject rate from 1.8% in 1991 to 0.2% in 1994, over a sample of 100,000 orbital welds. Orbital welding has become both practical and economical, and in many cases is the only technology by which the necessary quality and productivity can be achieved.
By Barbara K. Henon, Ph.D., Arc Machines, Inc.
The author gratefully acknowledges the contributions of the following companies who have contributed their expertise to this article: B. Braun Biotech, Allentown, Pennsylvania; Acute Technological Services, Houston, Texas; Cambridge Fluid Systems Limited, UK; ICF, Longmont, Colorado, and Wolfe Engineering, Campbell, California.
Gas tungsten arc welding: It's built to handle titanium. Titanium Institute. Welding Journal, November 1991.
Coleman, D. and R. Evans. Fundamentals of passivation and passivity in the pharmaceutical industry. Pharmaceutical Engineering, 1990.
Henon, B.K. and M.D. Hayes. Orbital GTA welding handles pressure of undersea application. Welding Journal, November 1993.
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