text: Two pressure cooker bombs exploded without warning during the 2013 Boston Marathon on April 15, 2013, killing 3 people and injuring 183 others. The bombs were placed near the finish line, along Boylston Street. They exploded at 2:50 p.m. EDT (18:50 UTC), about 12 seconds apart. Doctors treating the injured have removed small metallic objects from them, including nails.


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Aramis Classic
2 results
Aramis Classic is an expression of confidence and refined character with a sophisticated edge. This timeless fragrance appeals to men of all ages, diverse yet still distinct, warm and provocative. The Aramis Classic first released in 1964 was the original men's fragrance to be sold in department stores, both masculine and powerful this brand still paves the way for prestige men's fragrances. With history, sophistication and charm this scent is now available in personal care products for men.
The classic fragrance was reintroduced as Aramis Classic in 2009 and whilst the Aramis Classic Eau de Toilette may be the hero product of the line the brand has now branched out to offer a whole line of personal care products scented with that classic fragrance. For men who love this timeless scent, they can now enjoy it even more with every grooming product, available for both hair and body. Complementing fragrant products are an ideal way to smell great without the worry of competing scents, wear multiple products from the brand for the ultimate masculine experience.
The Signature Scent
The masculine scent of Aramis Classic products can be characterised by a warm woodsy-mossy background vitalized with citrus, herbs and exotic spices. Aramis is a timeless and classic fragrance with wide appeal that's distinctively masculine, warm and provocative without being aggressive. The fragrance invokes images of leather-bound books, forest floors and refined sophistication. It is this signature scent which is a huge part of what makes the Aramis Classic so distinctive. Following the reintroduction of the original scent, other Aramis Classic Products followed and created an entire collection of personal care products for men with the signature scent of Aramis Classic, based on common concerns from male consumers.
For Hair
*Aramis Classic Protein Enriched hair thickener*
This is a product men with thinning hair who are looking for fullness will appreciate *Aramis Classic Protein Enriched Hair Thickener*. The multi-functional hair treatment not only adds extra thickness but smoothes fly away hairs and controls frizz to give a healthy shiny appearance. Scented with that timeless Aramis Classic Fragrance for great smelling hair.
For Body
*Aramis Classic 24hr Anti-Perspirant Stick
This Aramis-scented intensive 'reactivating' deodorant stick provides continuous maximum odour protection and long lasting freshness. The body heat activated formula glides on smoothly and releases a burst of Aramis Classic fragrance as soon as your body heat rises for a woodsy-mossy, citrus and exotic spiced scent.
Aramis Classic Eau de Toilette
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Aramis VoyagerMSRP: $95.00$38.00

subset: commoncrawl


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Votre titre Audible gratuit
Just One Day
A breathtaking journey toward self-discovery and true love, from the author of If I Stay.
When sheltered American good girl Allyson "LuLu" Healey first meets laid-back Dutch actor Willem De Ruiter at an underground performance of Twelfth Night in England, there's an undeniable spark. After just one day together, that spark bursts into a flame, or so it seems to Allyson, until the following morning, when she wakes up after a whirlwind day in Paris to discover that Willem has left. Over the next year, Allyson embarks on a journey to come to terms with the narrow confines of her life, and through Shakespeare, travel, and a quest for her almost-true-love, to break free of those confines.
Just One Day is the first in a sweepingly romantic duet of novels. Willem's story - Just One Year - is coming soon!
Autres livres audio du même :
Ce que les auditeurs disent de Just One Day
- The Reading Date
- 06/02/2014
Gorgeous and Intense
Gayle Forman's latest book Just One Day explores how your life can change seemingly overnight. A story with mystery, adventure and romance, Just One Day follows Allyson as she gets lost and found again in Paris.
The story begins with Allyson's trip to Europe one summer before college. She's always been a girl who follows the rules and doesn't veer from her chosen path. But in Europe she starts to get a little more adventurous, and her edgy new haircut allows her to try on a new persona.
Allyson meets Dutch actor Willem and makes a spur-of-the-moment decision to abandon her existing travel plans and go with him by train to spend the day in Paris. Willem doesn't even know Allyson's real name, and calls her Lulu for her Louise Brooks haircut. Willem is quite mysterious himself and Allyson is constantly second-guessing her decision to go off with him. When she wakes up the next morning to find Willem missing, it sets into motion a new path for Allyson.
Willem seemed like a shady character to me, but I could see how Allyson could be so charmed by him. The sights and sounds of Paris were the perfect romantic backdrop for their adventure, and Allyson enjoys feeling like the leading lady in the movie (or Shakespeare play) for the first time. Part of the appeal is that the reader doesn't really know if they can trust Willem and it's easy to get swept up in the romance and mystery of it all with Allyson.
Many of the themes found in Just One Day lend themselves well to the New Adult niche, especially with regards to finding yourself. Allyson is just starting college and living away from home for the first time. The aftershocks of her day in Paris with Willem impact her schoolwork and social life completely. Allyson also has to deal with a new relationship with her parents, especially her mother who is used to being in charge of her life. Even her friend alliances and school focus shifts. But can Allyson move forward with her life if she doesn't resolve her past with Willem? Or is Willem not the point at all in Allyson's self-development?
Just One Day has Forman's trademark dramatic intensity but didn't make me cry like If I Stay. The book is gorgeously written and made me feel all of Allyson's changing moods. The nature of the book makes it a good fit to read in one day if you have the time, and especially because you'll want to see it through to the end. But the weightiness of it all made me want to take little breaks to really digest the story.
I listened to the audiobook of Just One Day, read by Kathleen McInerney, a new-to-me narrator. McInerney got into the character well, and sounded like a young, naïve college student to me. She does get the opportunity to try a variety of accents and age ranges in her reading and makes the most of the audio format. McInerney does the heavy lifting with the pronunciations and foreign words to make things a little easier for the reader. The story does lend itself to audio, but overall I liked both the reading and listening experiences equally (I read the book first). Listening doesn't make the torturous ending any easier though!
And about that ending, Just One Day is Allyson's story, and in the sequel Just One Year we get to hear Willem's side of things. If you enjoy Gayle Forman's books, or reading about self-discovery or foreign travel, treat yourself to Just One Day.
5 personnes ont trouvé cela utile
- Cristy
- 13/05/2015
It is not often a book moves me like this one did. This is the fourth book of hers I have read and it is by far the best!
1 personne a trouvé cela utile
- Nereyda
- 18/01/2014
Could not get over the fall in love in a day part!
Is there anything you would change about this book?
This book just wasn't for me. I believe in love at first site but I HATED that this girl fell madly in love with this guy after only knowing him a day.
What was most disappointing about Gayle Forman's story?
I was disappointed how the MC let her whole world change over this guy. She's bitter and kind of a bitch and she's failing her classes over this guy. I never bought that they loved each other so it was hard for me to sympathize with her. I didn't even think the guy was anything special and never felt myself swooning over him. The non-ending was such a bummer. I wish the MC would have been stronger. And that non-ending was horrible!
What aspect of Kathleen McInerney's performance would you have changed?
I had no issues with the audiobook other than the fact that like the characters, I didn't really connect with the narrators. She did a great job and she pulled off all those accents really well, I wouldn't go look for another audiobook by this person though…
Do you think Just One Day needs a follow-up book? Why or why not?
It obviously needs a follow up because of that ending but I don't think it was necessary.
Any additional comments?
Warning: this is going to be one of those 'black sheep' type of reviews…I really don't think I've ever seen a review for this book that wasn't 5 stars. Not just 5 stars but "OMG this is so good!' 5 stars. Because of that, I've had this one my TBR since it came out. Also because of that, I've put off reading this because of all the hype. I was aware that this might have some sort of instalove element to it because of the title and I tried to keep an open mind about it. I really did…
While Allyson is abroad, she meets a Dutch actor, Willem, in a Shakespeare play. He woos her and against her best friends advise, she decides it's a good idea to go to Paris with him for a day. This right here was my first issue with the book. She thinks it's a good idea to take off to Paris with a total stranger just because he calls her 'Lulu' and because they have a 'connection.' Has this girl never seen Taken? Or seen the news? She knows nothing about Willem and she doesn't even speak French. Whatever. I decided to just roll with the story. After all, it's Paris! The city of love. I'm expecting one hell of a magical day between these two that will change my mind. Instead, they probably spend one of the most boring days ever spent in Paris. They don't even go to any of the famous places like, oh I don't know, the Eiffel Tower. The highlight is their day is probably their canal ride. It's a toss up between that or getting mugged.
At first, I thought their connection was molasses slow and boring. I love the slow building romances but I just couldn't connect with this one at all. All they do is talk about stuff I didn't really care about. Willem tells Allyson his story, she falls head over heels in love with him, they kiss and all of a sudden it turns into a makeout session, then the condom is whipped out and they have sex and I was like: 'whoa!' I even backed up my audiobook to make sure I hadn"t missed anything. The next morning, Allyson wakes up alone. She decides that Willem must be out and will be back soon, but after waiting a few hours she realizes he isn't coming back. Heartbroken and embarrassed, she eventually returns to her life back home.
My biggest issue with this book was how unbelievably heartbroken Allyson was over Willem. I kept wanting to shake her and yell to her 'you only knew him one day!' Sure, I believe in love in first sight and everything. I just didn't believe these two were ever in love. They were both aware this was going to be a one day thing so either a) she should have given him his real name and maybe her phone number or b) he should have given her any other information about him. Allyson just wasn't a very likable character for me. During their day together in Paris, she was jealous of any girl Willem talked to. That day, she was his Lulu. But once he leaves, she becomes this moody, depressed and mopey person. She's so heartbroken that she's even failing classes. Why does she have to be this Lulu person only when he was around?
I don't really see what was so great about Willem. Really, I don't. He was boring and nothing about him made me swoon for him or even understand why she was swooning over him. Even though I knew (or assumed) that he had left that day for a good reason, I still don't get what was so special about their day or relationship. Allyson's mom drove me crazy. She was one of those super controlling moms. When Allyson didn't want to answer her calls, which was always, the mom started calling Allyson's friends until she eventually called her back. And her best friend was such a waste of a character. I never liked her and my dislike for her grew more and more as the book went on. She was one of those attention-grabbing girls that has to have an 'average' best friend to make them look better. Her phases got on my nerves but not as much as the way she like talked like this like all the time!
So, after a year of moping, Allyson decides to finally go looking for Willem despite the fact that she only really knows his name along with some minor details about him. She's traveling alone and staying in hostels (again, did she not see the movie Hostel???) all to look for a guy she spent one day with. After aallllll this, the book ends in such a non-ending way that made me want to say 'what in the fuck?' I know there's a sequel in where he gets to tell his story and we (hopefully) get closure for them, but I just don't care enough to read it.
I feel really bad because this is my first book by this author. I have If I Stay and Where She Went on my bookshelves and despite the fact that I didn't like this book, I'm still looking forward to reading those and I think I would really like them. This was just one of those 'it's not you, it's me' cases. What makes me fell bad is that the writing really is beautiful. I appreciated the 'you have to lose yourself in order to find yourself' motto this book had going on. But my lack of connection with the characters and the story just didn't work for me.
3 personnes ont trouvé cela utile
- Rose
- 14/02/2013
A beautiful story of love and loss and finding yourself along the way. The narrator does a great job at portraying the characters and drawing you deep within the book. I seriously can not wait until fall for Willem's story.
1 personne a trouvé cela utile
- Bee
- 09/01/2013
Ok look this is not an awful book. I actually quite enjoyed many parts throughout. With that said are here comes the but. It was about 5 hours toooo long and in my humble opinion had the most unsatisfying ending the author could possibly think of.
Seriously I imagine said author sitting in the study having wrote the whole book and thinking "humm how shall this end....?" "awful?" "YES! it shall be awful!" Then they spent the next two weeks making sure it was perfectly A W E F U L.
To wrap it up my biggest beef with "Just One Day" is this, I didn't like the herione. Simple as that. She is ungrateful, has no idea who she is, constatnly second guesses herself, and CRIES CRIES CRIES 90 percent of the book. I don't want to read this person I know enough of these people in real life.
Like I said, not all bad. I was at least 2 parts inspired and 3 parts annoyed. If you love to travel, or want to travel especially of the European variety AND, you don't mind lots of mello drama and teen angst, this is a book for you.
9 personnes ont trouvé cela utile
- Michelle S.
- 20/08/2019
I hate whinny women
I thought I would give this book a try since I loved "If I stay", the prequel and it had good reviews. Boy was I incorrect. The main character is an insecure, whinny little girl that drove me NUTS. I told myself to give it until half way through and half way is where I stop. I cannot finish this book.
- Mary Ann Dela Cruz
- 31/03/2019
Perfectly Depicted
The narrator was amazing. I felt so attached to the characters. I felt what Alyson felt and how straining everything was. When I finished this book I want to get the next one immediately.
- Erika Hanes
- 27/06/2017
Great book for a summer read!
The book had a great plot, kept me wanting to listen further, it had love, comedy and tragedy.
- Katelyn
- 24/08/2016
Loved the book--the performance is Terrible
This performance fails to capture the intelligence of the main character, she seems unrelatable and stupid. The magic is lost in her whining.
- RTucker
- 24/02/2016
Just One Day was "Just Okay..."
It took me 1/2 the book to commit to actually finishing the book. It's very slow and kinda dry and very predictable. Wouldn't recommend it to anyone I know.


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Temporary Rainbow Trout Regulations Removed on Cumberland River below Wolf Creek Dam
FRANKFORT – The emergency trout regulations on the Cumberland River below Wolf Creek Dam will be eliminated June 15.
The temporary regulations on Cumberland went into effect in September, 2009, in which anglers could keep an additional five rainbow trout daily.
The drawdown of Lake Cumberland and its subsequent creation of high water temperatures in the Cumberland River prompted the implementation of the emergency regulations nearly four years ago. Trout stress and lose body condition when water temperatures grow too high.
"With improved water quality from the raising of water levels in Lake Cumberland, we should have better conditions for trout in the Cumberland River," said Dave Dreves, fisheries research biologist for the Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources. "We will revert back to the existing regulations before the temporary regulations went into place."
On June 15, 2013 and later, anglers may keep five rainbow trout daily, but those caught between 15 and 20 inches in length must be immediately released. Only one rainbow trout in the five trout daily creel limit may be longer than 20 inches.
Anglers may keep one brown trout daily with a 20-inch minimum size limit and they may keep one brook trout daily with a 15-inch minimum size limit.
During the drawdown, the lack of water cold enough for trout in the lower stretches of the Cumberland River in Kentucky pushed trout upstream, resulting in high trout densities in the river miles just below Wolf Creek Dam.
"With the return to normal densities, there is no need to harvest 10 trout anymore," said Jeff Ross, assistant director of fisheries for Kentucky Fish and Wildlife. "A five fish limit is optimal to allow for adequate harvest, but still allow for trophy size potential."
Roughly 10,000 rainbow trout 15 inches and longer will be stocked this fall to bring back the quality rainbow trout fishery in the river in faster fashion. Later in the fall, fisheries crews will stock an additional 10,000 to 12,000 rainbow trout ranging from seven to nine inches in length on top of the normal rainbow trout stockings in the river.


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This group conducts research and development in quantum electronics, in particular laser spectroscopy applied to sensitive, selective and real-time trace gas detection, and laser applications in environmental monitoring, chemical analysis, industrial process control, and medical diagnostics.
January 10, 2018 – After more than 50 years at Rice, Frank Tittel thinks about retiring
January 15, 2016- Mid-IR laser-based sensor for hydrogen peroxide detection, SPIE Newsroom
November 2-5 – OSA Light, Energy And The Environment Congress, November 2-5 2015, Suzhou, China
July 13-17 – ICAVS, Vienna, Austria
June 1, 2015 – Rice's Shell Center awards grants for sustainable development research [story]
May 11, 2015 – Frank Tittel Receives Award from Welch Foundation [story]
August 8, 2014 – RQI Colloqium, Houston, TX.
July 21-22, 2014 – MIMeS 2014, Princeton, NJ
June 8-13, 2014 – CLEO Exhibition, San Jose, CA
May 5-9, 2014 – FLAIR 2014, Florence, Italy
April 23, 2014 – Visitor from Hamamatsu Photonics, Middlesex, NJ [photos]
April 14-15, 2014 – Visit by scientists from Corporate Manufacturing Engineering Center, TOSHIBA Inc., Yokohawa, Japan [photos]
March 14, 2014 – LSG hosted two scientists from Riken Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Japan [photos]
February 25-26, 2014 – The Rice Laser Science Group visited THORLABS in New Jersey [photos]
February, 2014 – Two new group members arrived: Dr. Yingchun Cao and Prof. Dongfang Jiang [photos]
February 1-6, 2014 – Prof. Frank Tittel and Dr. Wei Ren attended SPIE Photonics West 2014 held in San Francisco, CA [photos]
January 16-17, 2014 – Prof. Frank Tittel participated in a two-day 20 Years of Quantum Cascade Lasers Anniversary Workshop with an invited talk organized by Prof. Jerome Faist, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland. [photos]
November 5, 2013 – LSG Group hosted Dr. Michael B. Frish from Physical Sciences in Massachusetts. [photos]
November 5, 2013 – LSG Group hosted Marshall Scott from THORLABS in Newton, NJ. [photos]
October 7-9, 2013 – 139th OMICS Group Conference International Conference and Exhibition on Lasers, Optics & Photonics San Antonio, Texas
September 25-27, 2013 – 2013 Conference on Photoacoustic and Photothermal Theory and Applications (CPPTA), Warsaw, Poland [photos]
September 16, 2013 – THORLABS founder & President Alex Cable along with Eric Geoffrion (Research Scientist) visited the Laser Science Group hosted by Dr. Frank Tittel and team members. [photos]
September 10, 2013 – LSG group went to McCarty landfill using the QEPAS based methane sensor system in the Aerodyne Mobile Lab near Channelview, TX for methane perimeter measurements. [photos]
September 7, 2013 – LSG group visited the Atascocita landfill site in Humble, TX 77396 to perform methane perimeter measurements. [photos]
September 6, 2013 – LSG group returned to Aerodyne Mobile Lab in Channelview, TX for upgrading the QEPAS based methane sensor system hosted by Dr. Scott Herndon, Dr. Paolo Massoli, Berk Knighton, Cody Floerchinger from Aerodyne Inc. [photos]
September 3, 2013 – Installation Visit by Dr. Frank Tittel and LSG group to the NASA-DISCOVER-AQ campaign at Aerodyne Mobile Lab parked in Channelview, TX hosted by Dr. Scott Herndon and members of Aerodyne Inc. [photos]
August 29, 2013 – Visit by Dr. Frank Tittel to the NASA-NRL Earth Science 2013 mission on Studies of Emission and Atmospheric Composition Clouds and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys at Ellington Field hosted by Dr. Dirk Richter. [photos]
August 24, 2013 – Dr. Alan Fried (Senior Research Associate) and Dr. Dirk Richter(Research Associate) from the "Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR)" at University of Colorado, Boulder, CO visited the Rice Laser Science Group [photos]
August 14, 2008- Rice air sensors tested near Beijing's Olympic stadium:Laser-based devices measure ozone-precursor nitric oxide [story]


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Supporting trans staff
How can we support a staff member who is trans? We outline schools' legal responsibilities towards trans staff, and relay guidance on topics including changing records, communicating about a transition to parents and pupils, and the use of toilets and changing rooms.
- Alcohol at staff parties
- Building relationships between staff
- Case studies on reducing marking workload
- Case studies on staff wellbeing and work-life balance
- Case study: how one 'outstanding' secondary school cut its marking workload by 75%
- Case study: how to offer flexible working to attract outstanding staff and boost retention
- Case study: save teachers 2 hours a day with strategic minimal marking
- Conquer your inbox: tips and tricks
- QuickRead: DfE report on workload and marking
- QuickRead: DfE report on workload and planning
- Effective flexible working arrangements
- Flexible working: examples
- Flexible working for senior leaders
- How to create a staff mental health and wellbeing action plan
- Improving staff wellbeing and work-life balance: strategies
- Managing workload (headteachers)
- Marking: maintaining a work-life balance
- Marking mythbuster
- New headteacher's presentation to staff: content
- Poll results: how to reduce your teachers' workload
- Pre-flight meeting checklist
- Rewarding staff: payments, perks and incentives
- Slash teachers' workload: what to stop doing
- Staff retention
- Staffroom: promoting a positive environment
- Staff survey pack
- Staff wellbeing days
- Staff wellbeing questionnaires
- Start-of-year presentations and meetings for staff
- Strategies to combat stress for small school headteachers
- Teacher workload audit tool
- What not to do with pupil performance data
- Workload: get to the heart of what's overloading your staff with 'keep, tweak or ditch'
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The Key has taken great care in publishing this article. However, some of the article's content and information may come from or link to third party sources whose quality, relevance, accuracy, completeness, currency and reliability we do not guarantee. Accordingly, we will not be held liable for any use of or reliance placed on this article's content or the links or downloads it provides. This article may contain information sourced from public sector bodies and licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.


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By popular request, it's time for another status update on the 2013 Gad Winning Value Portfolio.
Starting in 2012, at the beginning of each year, I unveil a portfolio of 10 equally-weighted stocks that I believe will outperform the overall stock market for the year. The portfolio is held for the entire year without any changes unless something fraudulent occurred or the company is acquired. Last's year portfolio bested the S&P by more than 5%, successfully meeting my objective of beating the market by three or more percentage points.
For the first two months of 2013, Mr. Market has picked up right where he left off, heading to new highs. Here's where we stack up so far in 2013.
So far so good in 2013, but those who read my columns can guess as to what I'm going to say next. Two months is just that, two months. I'm thrilled that the portfolio has more than tripled the return of the S&P and the Gad Portfolio -- dare I say -- is probably besting many of the best actively-managed hedge funds. But it's the long term that matters.
I do believe that names like Tecumseh (TECUA) and Dell (DELL) may be close to their ceiling prices. Dell is trying to go private at $13.65, but some powerful shareholders are doing whatever they can to prevent that from happening, arguing the takeout price is far too low. These shareholder efforts, for now, probably put a floor on Dell's shares, but how much higher it will go, only time will tell. But Dell was my No. 1 pick in 2013 and I am sticking with it.
Tecumseh's advance was due its severe equity undervaluation at the beginning of year, along with some potential hopes for asset monetizations in the near future.
Our laggard, Motorcar Parts of America (MPAA), continues to struggle, but I like the long-term fundamentals of the auto parts industry. General Motors (GM) and Gentex (GNTX) are both names that further concentrate my bet on a resurging auto market. Medical dialysis maker DaVita (DVA) may be the most fundamentally sound business with a long-term path to consistent profitable growth and price appreciation.
I'm quite confident that 10 months from now this portfolio will again hold its own against Mr. Market. One need's no more than 10 to 20 stocks to be fully diversified. More than 30 and the diversification can start to actually dilute returns.


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Daniele is a Ph.D. student at Politecnico di Milano (Italy), where he currently works on source-level software energy estimation. He can be contacted at [email protected] scarpaz.com.
The heart of Linux is the kernel, which is in charge of scheduling tasks, managing memory, performing device I/O operations, servicing system calls, and carrying out other critical tasks. Unlike other UNIX-like operating systems that implement a pure monolithic architecture, Linux lets you dynamically load/unload portions of the kernel (modules). This lets you provide support for new devices and add system features without recompiling or rebooting the kernel, then unload them when they are not needed anymore.
The possibility of loading/unloading modules is a key feature for driver programmers because it lets you test drivers during development without rebooting the kernel at every change, thus dramatically speeding up the test-and-debug process.
Kernel 2.6 introduces significant changes with respect to kernel 2.4: New features were added, existing ones removed, and some marked as deprecated, although they're still usable but with severe limitations. Consequently, modules written for kernel 2.4 don't work anymore, or work with grave restrictions. In this article, I examine these changes.
A Minimal Module
Listing One is the shortest possible implementation of a module. Adhering to this template lets you write code that can operate equally as a module or statically linked into the kernel, without modifications or #ifdefs.
The initialization and cleanup functions can have arbitrary names, and must be registered via the module_init() and module_exit() macros. The module_init(f) macro declares that function f must be called at module insertion time if the file is compiled as a module, or otherwise at boot time. Similarly, macro module_exit(f) indicates that f must be called at module removal time (or never, if built-in). The specifier __init is effective only when the file is compiled in the kernel, and indicates that the initialization function can be freed after boot. On the other hand, __exit marks functions that are useful only for module unloading and, therefore, can be completely ignored if the file is not compiled as a module.
Compiling Modules
The 2.6 kernel's build mechanism ("kbuild") has been deeply reengineered, affecting how external kernel modules are compiled. In 2.4, module developers manually called GCC, including command-line preprocessor symbol definitions (such as MODULE or __KERNEL__), specifying include directories and optimization options. This approach is no longer recommended because external modules should be built as if they were part of the official kernel. Consequently, kbuild automatically defines preprocessor symbols, optimization options, and include directories. The only required thing you do is create a one-line makefile:
obj-m := your_module.o
where your_module is the name of your module, whose source is in the file your_module.c. You then type a command line such as:
make -C /usr/src/linux-2.6.7 SUBDIRS= 'pwd' modules
The output provided by the build process is:
make -C /usr/src/linux-2.6.7 SUBDIRS= /root/your_dir modules
make[1]: Entering directory
CC [M] /root/your_dir/your_module.o
Building modules, stage 2.
CC /root/your_dir/your_module.mod.o
LD [M] /root/your_dir/your_module.ko
make[1]: Leaving directory
In the end, a new kernel module is available in your build directory under the name of your_module.ko (the .ko extension distinguishes "kernel objects" from conventional objects). With a more elaborate Makefile (such as Listing Two), you can avoid typing this command line.
Module Versioning
The 2.6 module loader implements strict version checking, relying on "version magic" strings ("vermagics"), which are included both in the kernel and in each module at build time. A vermagic, which could look like "2.6.5-1.358 686 REGPARM 4KSTACKS gcc-3.3," contains critical information (for example, an extended kernel version identifier, the target architecture, compilation options, and compiler version) and guarantees compatibility between the kernel and a module. The module loader compares the module's and kernel's vermagics character-for-character, and refuses to load the module if differences are detected. The strictness of this check complicates things, but was advocated after compatibility problems arose when loading modules compiled with different GCC versions with respect to the kernel.
When compiling modules for a running kernel that you may not want to recompile, when cross compiling for a deployment box that you do not want to reboot, or when preparing a module binary for a kernel provided with a given Linux distribution, your module's vermagic must exactly match your target kernel's vermagic. To do this, you must exactly duplicate the build environment during module compilation, to that present at kernel compilation time. This is done by:
- Using the same configuration file as the kernel (since the configuration file used to compile the kernel is available in most cases under /boot, a cp /boot/config-'uname -r' /usr/src/linux-'uname -r'/.config command is enough in most cases).
- Using the same kernel top-level Makefile (again, it should be available under /lib/modules/2.6.x/build; therefore, the command cp /lib/modules/'uname -r'/build/Makefile /usr/src/linux-'uname -r' should go).
Module Licensing
The Linux kernel is released under the GNU Public License (GPL), whose purpose is to grant users rights to copy, modify, and redistribute programs, and to ensure that those rights are preserved in derivative works:
6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licenser to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License.
The practical case of a kernel module depending on a second module (a common case in Linux) is not explicitly mentioned in the GPL, yet some interpretations of its underlying philosophy postulate that a proprietary module should not depend on a GPL-licensed one, because the latter would restrict the rights granted to the user by the former. Module writers advocating this interpretation can now enforce this policy with the EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL() macro in place of EXPORT_SYMBOL(), thus exporting symbols that can be linked only by modules specifying a GPL-compatible license.
With this in mind, all module writers are asked to declare the license under which their module is released, via the macro MODULE_LICENSE(). Table 1 lists the licenses and respective indent strings currently supported by the kernel (all indent strings indicate free software except for the last one). Additionally, the indication of license makes it possible for users to verify that their system is free, the free development community can ignore bug reports including proprietary modules, and vendors can do likewise based on their own policies.
When no license is specified, a proprietary license is assumed. Modules with a proprietary license cause the following warning when loading:
your_module: module license
'Proprietary' taints kernel.
and force flags must be specified to have the module properly loaded.
The macro EXPORT_NO_SYMBOLS is deprecated and not needed anymore because a module exporting no symbols is the norm.
Parameter Passing
The old parameter passing mechanism, based on the MODULE_PARM() macro, is obsolete. Modules should define their parameters via a call to the macro module_param(), whose arguments are:
- The name of the parameter (and associated variable).
- Its type (chosen among byte, short, ushort, int, uint, long, ulong, charp, bool, and invbool, or a custom typename; for example, named xxx, for which helper functions param_get _xxx() and param_set_xxx() must be provided).
- The permissions for the associated sysfs entry0 indicates that the attribute is not to be exposed via sysfs.
Example 1 presents two example declarations.
Use Count
Module use counts protect against the removal of a module that is still in use. Modules designed for previous kernels called MOD_INC_USE_COUNT() and MOD_DEC_USE_COUNT() to manipulate their use count. Since these macros could lead to unsafe conditions, they are now deprecated. They should now be avoided, for example, by setting the owner field of the file_operations structure, or replaced with try_module_get()/module_put() calls. Alternatively, you can provide your own locking mechanism in a custom function, and set the module's can_unload pointer to it. The function should return 0 for "yes," and -EBUSY or a similar error number for "no."
If used, the deprecated MOD_INC_ USE_COUNT macro marks the current module as unsafe, thus making it impossible to unload (unless enabling the forced unload kernel option and using rmmod -force).
The 2.6 Device Model and /sys Filesystem
Kernel 2.6 introduces an "integrated device model"a hierarchical representation of the system structure, originally intended to simplify power-management tasks. This model is exposed to user space through sysfs, a virtual filesystem (like /proc), usually mounted at /sys. By navigating sysfs, you can determine which devices make up the system, which power state they're in, what bus they're attached to, which driver they're associated to, and so on. sysfs is now the preferred and standardized way to expose kernel-space attributes; module writers should then avoid the soon-to-be obsolete procfs.
Figure 1 (available electronically; see "Resource Center," page 3) is a typical sysfs tree. The tree is conceptually similar to the view provided by the Windows "hardware manager." The first-level entries in /sys are:
- block, which enumerates all the block devices, independently from the bus to which they are connected.
- bus, which describes the structure of the system in terms of buses and connections.
- class, which provides device localization based on device class (the mouse, for example) apart from its physical bus connection or device numbering.
- devices, which enumerate all the devices composing the system.
- firmware, which provides a facility for the dynamic management of firmware.
- power, which provides the ability to control the system-wide power state.
Given the first-level classification, the same device can appear multiple times in the tree. Symbolic links are widely used to connect identical or related entities; for example, the block device hda is represented by a directory entry /sys/block/hda, which contains a link named "device" pointing to /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.1/ide0/0.0. The same block device also happens to be the first device connected to the IDE bus; thus, entry /sys/bus/ide/devices/0.0 points to the same location. Conversely, a link is provided pointing to the block device associated to a given device; for example, in /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.1/ide0/0.0, a link named "block" points to /sys/block/hda.
Exposing module attributes via sysfs requires a minimal understanding of the device model and of its underlying kobjects, ktypes, and ksets concepts. Understanding those concepts is easier in an object-oriented perspective because all are C-language structs that implement (with debated success) a rudimentary object-oriented framework. Table 2 is a mapping between OO and kobject concepts.
Each directory in sysfs corresponds to a kobject, and the attributes of a kobject appear in it as files. Reading and writing attributes corresponds to invoking a show or a store method on a kobject, with the attribute as an argument. A kobject is a variable of type struct kobject. It has a name, reference count, pointer to its parent, and ktype. C++ programmers know that methods are not defined on an object basis; instead, all the objects of a given class share the same methods. The same happens here, the idea of class being represented by a ktype. Each kobject is of exactly one ktype, and methods are defined for ktypes (usually functions to show and store attributes, plus a function to dispose of the kobject when its reference count reaches zero: a destructor, in OO terms). A kset corresponds to a generic linked list, such as a Standard C++ Library generic container. It contains kobjects and can be treated as a kobject itself. Additionally, handlers can be associated to events of kobjects entering or leaving a set, thus providing a clean way to implement hot-plug operations. The cleanness of the design of such a framework is still debated.
sysfs_example.c (available electronically; see "Resource Center," page 3), a complete example of a kernel module, shows how to create and register kobject variables to expose three attributes to user spacea string and two integers, the first read and written as a decimal number and the second as a hexadecimal one. Example 2 is an example of interaction with that module.
Removed Features
Some features have been removed from 2.4. For instance, the system call table is no longer exported. The system call table (declared as int sys_call_table[];) is a vector containing a pointer to the routine to be invoked to carry out that call for each system call. In 2.4 kernels, this table was visible toand, more important, writable byany module. Any module could easily replace the implementation of any system call with a custom version, within a matter of three lines of code. Apart from possible race conditions issues (on SMP systems, a system call could be replaced while in use by an application on another processor), this implied putting an incredible amount of powerthe ultimate heart of the OSin the hands of any external module. If you're not convinced about the relevance of this danger, look into how easy it was to write and inject malicious code in the form of modules that replace sys_call_table entries. Implementing rootkits is possible in no more than 30 lines of code (see http://www .insecure.org/).
Concern is not only related to malicious modules, but also to proprietary modules provided in binary form only for which it is hard to tell exactly what they may do. The issue was radically eradicated in kernel 2.6: The system call table can only be modified by code built in the kernel, whose source is therefore available.
#include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/config.h> #include <linux/init.h> MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); static int __init minimal_init(void) { return 0; } static void __exit minimal_cleanup(void) { } module_init(minimal_init); module_exit(minimal_cleanup);Back to article
Listing Two
obj-m := your_module.o KDIR := /usr/src/linux-$(shell uname -r) PWD := $(shell pwd) default: $(MAKE) -C $(KDIR) SUBDIRS=$(PWD) modules install: default $(MAKE) -C $(KDIR) SUBDIRS=$(PWD) modules_install clean: rm -rf *.o *.ko .*.cmd *.mod.c .tmp_versions *~ coreBack to article


text:
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Dream On, Amber
By Emma Shevah
October 6, 2015; Hardcover ISBN 9781492622505
Book Info:
Title: Dream On, Amber
Author: Emma Shevah
Release Date: October 6, 2015
Publishers: Sourcebooks Jabberwocky
Praise for Dream On, Amber:
"By turns playful and poignant, in both style and substance, this coming-of-age novel will hook readers from the first page to the last."—School Library Journal, STARRED review
"Amber's effervescent and opinionated narration captivates from the start, making it easy to root for her as she strives to conquer the "beast" of her worries and thrive at home and at school."—Publishers Weekly, STARRED review
"Shevah tenderly captures the void of growing up without a father yet manages to create a feisty, funny heroine… A gutsy girl in a laugh-out-loud book that navigates tough issues with finesse." –Kirkus, STARRED review
"[This] novel is a charmer...While its humor and illustrations lend it Wimpy Kid appeal, its emotional depth makes it stand out from the pack. Molto bene!"- Booklist, STARRED review
My name is Ambra Alessandra Leola Kimiko Miyamoto. But call me Amber. I have no idea why my parents gave me all those hideous names but they must have wanted to ruin my life, and you know what? They did an amazing job.
As a half-Japanese, half-Italian girl with a ridiculous name, Amber's not feeling molto bene (very good) about making friends at her new school.
But the hardest thing about being Amber is that a part of her is missing. Her dad. He left when she was little and he isn't coming back. Not for her first day of middle school and not for her little sister's birthday. So Amber will have to dream up a way for the Miyamoto sisters to make it on their own.
Goodreads Link: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/25965546-dream-on-amber?ac=1
Buy Links:
Amazon- http://ow.ly/RX7L9
Barnes&Noble- http://ow.ly/RX7VK
Books A Million- http://ow.ly/RX9Ra
iBooks- http://ow.ly/S3wH6
!ndigo- http://ow.ly/S3wQz
Indiebound- http://ow.ly/S3wYp
About the Author:
Emma Shevah is half-Irish and half-Thai born and raised in London. She has lived in Australia, Japan, India (her first child was born in the Himalayas) and Jerusalem before moving back to the UK. Emma has busked as a fire-juggler, been a restaurant manager, a copy writer, an English teacher, and is now a blogger and author.
Social Networking Links:
Excerpt from Dream On, Amber
Bella came in wearing her matching pink nightdress, pink dressing gown, and pink slippers with Hello Kitty all over them. I just don't get why people like Hello Kitty. I know it's Japanese and supposed to be kawaii (cute) and everything, so maybe I should like it, but it's just a picture of a cartoon cat's head. I mean, seriously, what's the big deal?
Bella's hands were behind her back like she was hiding something. She looked much happier than she did when we got home from the party. She moved her arms to the front and handed me a sealed envelope.
"What's this?" I asked, putting my sharpener down.
"Can you mail it for me tomorrow?"
I looked at the front of the envelope. There was nothing written on it.
"But it's blank, Bella."
"Who's it for?"
"None of your beeswax, Mrs. Nosy Pants."
"Um…okay. So you…you want me to put it in the mailbox?"
"Yes, Amber. Duuuh. That's what mailing means."
"But how is the mailman going to know who to give it to if it has no name on it?"
"Oh," she said, frowning.
She lay down on her belly on the floor and with her red crayon from the dollar store (well, she wasn't borrowing any of mine), she wrote on the front of the envelope: "TO MY DAD."
I looked at her.
"Shush," she said. "Just mail it for me."
"But there's no address on it—"
"The mailman will know where he lives. He knows where everyone lives."
"He won't know where Dad lives. Nobody knows where Dad lives. Not even Mum."
"Didn't I say 'shush'? I'm sure I said 'shush.' Just mail it for me. Pleeease, Amber."
I sighed. What was I supposed to tell her? She was too little. She didn't get it. So I took it and put it on my desk, just to make her happy.
I know I shouldn't have done it and it's probably against the law and everything but when she went out of my room, I opened it.
It said:
Dier Dad,
My nam is Bella and Im your dorta. My bithday party is on Sunday 16 Speptmbr and I rely want you too come. And I neid you to play with me in the park and posh me on the swing. Please come home
love, Bella
P.S. Please buy me a perpel Swatch wach and Sparkle Girl Julerry Makar for my bithday.
I didn't know what to do. Obviously, I wasn't going to mail it without an address on it. So instead, I put it in my secret place. If you pull the bottom drawer of my dresser all the way out, there's a space under it on the floor where I put my most sacred things. I had a coin that I found in Hyde Park that I'm sure is Roman or Viking and one day I'm going to sell it and get mega rich. I had a few other cool things in there too. Some of them are embarrassing, like key-rings I made out of lanyard strings when I was, like, seven and valentine cards my mum sent me. Stuff you can't exactly throw out but really don't want anyone to see. The letter wasn't one of my sacred things but where else was I going to put it?
I also had a picture of my dad holding me when I was a baby that I sneaked out of Nonna's album. Obviously, we have a whole bunch of photos of him in that album, but I wanted one for myself. One of him with me. Just to prove to myself that he did actually exist and hold me once, and he even looked proud. I don't look at that photo much because it makes me angry. I know it doesn't make sense to keep it, but there you go. Not everything makes sense. If it did, he would never have left in the first place.
There was another knock on my door, so I quickly closed the drawer.
"Hang on… Okay, you can come in now."
Bella stuck her head in.
"When do you think he'll get it?" she asked.
"Well, they have to find him first. It's not easy, you know. It takes teams of detectives monthsto find missing people."
She walked in to my room and said, "Oh," and did that thing where she points her toes inward and puts one foot over the other, like her toes are hugging.
"Do you think he'll get it before my birthday?"
"I don't know, Bella. I don't think so. But if by some weird miracle he did get it before then, I'm sure he'd come to your party."
Bella unhugged her toes and put her hands on her hips. "Amber?"
"How do you know I want Dad to come to my party?"
"Well, it's kind of obvious, Bella. You did ask if he'd get it before your birthday."
"Oh," she said, frowning. "Hmm. Well, okay." And she skipped back to her room.
The letter wasn't my biggest problem at that point. I was so worried about starting my new school in the morning that I couldn't get to sleep for ages. When you can't sleep, your mind starts going a bit doolally. Well, mine does anyway. I start thinking all kinds of crazy things. And eventually the problem with Bella and her letter worked its way into my churning brain.
It was kind of mean and everything but there were times I really wished Bella wasn't my sister. But knowing there was a huge hole where our dad was supposed to be wasn't much fun either. The more I thought about it, the more I realized that maybe, just maybe, I could do something about it. I could save Bella from years of torture with one quick solution.
It seemed straightforward enough.
I decided to pretend to be my dad and write back to her, you know, to make her feel better.
And that was it.
The most ingenious idea I've ever had lit up my mind like a firework.
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|Programming C, bash, Python, Perl, PHP, Java, you name it.
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Assembly and kernel programming.
What's the different of assembly language and kernel programming? Any suggested sources??
The first is a language and the second is not.
You write code for the kernel in the second case. It's usually done with C but a smattering of assembly language can be found.
In case you are confused about what the 'kernel' is, that's the core of the operating system that handles all system functions and communications between processes.
Last edited by drhowarddrfine; 22nd April 2009 at 02:28 PM.
I, like bsdnewbie999 am interested in programming for a BSD kernel, but I do not know where to start. (I am not trying to hijack this thread, mind you.)
I have just one, simple question: FreeBSD's online documentation has a few sections on programming kernel modules (syn. drivers), but would that knowledge carry over to other BSDs (namely OpenBSD)? Is the BSD kernel a standardized thing, across various BSDs?
"Assemblers" have text files as input, as do "Compilers" -- and they both output executable binary objects. That is where their similarities end.
The difference is that the text file written in an "assembly language" or in "assembler" describe the specific CPU instructions to be placed in the binary output file. CPU instruction sets are hardware specific, and may be as simple or as complex as the instruction-set of the individual processor. The old PDP-8, one of the first processors I did programming for, had only 8 different instructions. The last OS built entirely from assembler language, that I dealt with regularly, was one for IBM's System/370, which still survives in their zSeries, if I recall correctly. It had several hundred different CPU instructions.
If you've never looked at a CPU instruction set, they commonly have instructions that are relatively simplistic, such as:
"copy a chunk of memory at this specified address into that CPU register, for later manipulation"
"add the values in these two registers together"
"copy a chunk of memory, for some number of bytes, from this address to that address"
"subtract 1 from this register value. If the register has reached zero, jump to that address, else execute the next instruction after this one"
"Issue the I/O instruction at this address to that hardware controller."
OpenBSD uses a "monolithic kernel" --- this is a big name to describe what just means, really, "built all into one single file". However, it has the capability to add kernel modules; emulators/kqemu is an example of a kernel module port/package for OpenBSD.
Last edited by ocicat; 22nd April 2009 at 04:14 PM.
FreeBSD for example has a totally different SCSI layer then the other BSD's.. They may still share some common code, it's becoming less easy to port drivers between them.. definitely not plug and play.
NetBSD and OpenBSD have a kernel module framework called lkm(4), it is supported by both.. but it simply offers a way for modules to be loaded, such modules are free to use kernel functions/symbols which again may not be available or compatible between the two systems.
Also, while OpenBSD does still support lkm(4).. it is not an active utilizer of it.. as jggimi said, the kernel is monolithic and all supported drivers are compiled into the default kernel binaries.
FreeBSD has deprecated lkm(4) in favour of their own framework.. they call it kld(4).
@bsdnewbie999, That kind of question could have been answered easily using a search engine.. was it really necessary to waste our time?
Last edited by BSDfan666; 22nd April 2009 at 04:02 PM.
BSDfan666, jggimi, thank you both, very much, for your responses.
If you have an interest in kernels, I would suggest digging up John Lions' commentary on UNIX 6th Edition, with Source Code*. The book covers a very old version of UNIX, C, and PDP assembly; but it offers a *much* less complex beast to study then the modern BSD or Linux kernels have become.
The best introduction to the modern kernels that I know of, is to poke around the source code, see where things are located, and find out how something you are interested in works; exempli gratia learn how the system goes from CPU power on, to allowing multiple users to login**. Or perhaps study how the the kernel executes programs***. You can even poke around various sub systems and drivers; the implementation of FAT file systems is a nice and simple file system to study compared to modern FSes.
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lions%2...th_Source_Code
** I found writing notes on that very fun and mildly educational.
*** Doing that is a fun exercise
My Journal
Thou shalt check the array bounds of all strings (indeed, all arrays), for surely where thou typest ``foo'' someone someday shall type ``supercalifragilisticexpialidocious''.
indienick, I asked pretty much the same question from Marc Balmer (OpenBSD dev) and he suggested that I read the Design and implementation of 4.4BSD operating system and the Advanced Unix programming in Unix environment. This should give pretty good basis and then the kernel code would slowly start to make sense
The first book has bit old information but most of it should describe how things work on OpenBSD too.
Wonderful! Thank you very much, Zmyrgel.
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text:
Dead Sara Unveil Album Details + Tour Dates
Dead Sara are set for a big year in 2012. The Los Angeles rockers are not only gearing up to release their self-titled debut album, but the band also has months of touring ahead of them all across North America.
Dead Sara consists of frontwoman Emily Armstrong, guitarist Siouxsie Medley, bassist Chris Null and drummer Sean Friday. Their first album is set to drop on April 10 via Pocket Kid Records/Fontana/ Universal. The first single off of the disc is 'Weatherman,' which has been heating up airwaves and music charts. The upcoming disc is produced by eclectic producer Noah Shain (Atreyu, As Tall As Lions, Sonny Moore/aka Skrillex).
The band is also set to play numerous festivals such as SXSW, BuzzFest, Edge Fest and many more. Dead Sara have a string of dates with Chevelle and is also part of the massive lineup for 2012 Vans Warped Tour which kicks off on June 16 in Salt Lake City, Utah and wraps up in Hillsboro, Ore., on Aug. 5.
Dead Sara with Chevelle U.S. Tour Dates:
4/13 -- Coliseum Tallahassee -- Tallahassee, Fla.
4/17 -- Ford Park Event Center -- Beaumont, Texas
4/18 -- Hurricane Harry's -- College Station, Texas
4/20 -- Lonestar Amphitheater -- Lubbock, Texas (w/Cavo, Buckcherry, Korn)
4/23 -- Tricky Falls -- El Paso, Texas
5/9 -- Concrete Street Amphitheater -- Corpus Christi, Texas
5/10 -- Backstage Live -- San Antonio, Texas
5/22 -- Blue Note -- Columbia, Mo.
For a full list of Dead Sara's tour dates, including radio festivals and the Warped Tour, click here.
Watch the Dead Sara 'Weatherman' Video


text:
avalon germany – black hole wisdom lyrics
i ask for attention
i feel the apprehension
and i get no answer
felt like i was decaying
devoutly started praying
let my evil die
i obtain no reunion
it seems you can't forgive me
please send me an angel
black hole wisdom
who did i pray to?
you never listened
why can't you say
where were you all my wordly life?
why can't you say
show me the way
to salvation day
this might be the last chance
for me to make my humble stance
and offer my sacrifice
i've come to join you
got to find a way through to you
gimme a little piece of advice
don't lead me into temptation
it's time for the revelation
now i realise
till salvation day
till salvation day
till salvation day


text:
As U.S. Withdraws From Iraq, a Chaplain Completes 2nd Tour
Priest says he'll stay in the Army for as long as his bishop lets him. Next assignment: helping to recruit more chaplains.
Catholic military chaplain Father Joel Panzer entered the U.S. Army Reserve in 2006 and active-duty military in 2008. Now completing his second deployment to Iraq with the 25th Infantry Division Headquarters, based out of Schofield Barracks in Hawaii, he spoke with the Register by telephone from a military base near Baghdad. A native of Nebraska, he was ordained a priest for the Diocese of Lincoln in 1994.
How does the experience of combat shape the spiritual lives of soldiers, and where does a military chaplain fit in to that?
Only a small percentage of soldiers engage in actual combat. Most are in support roles. Nevertheless, deployments tend to create unique stressors, and in the midst of these struggles, many begin to realize they are called to have a closer relationship with God.
The focus of an Army chaplain is to provide religious support, counseling and moral training for an entire unit — though only 25% of the Army is Catholic, and only about a quarter of those are actually practicing. And a lot of people who are not religious at all still need a good counselor to console them during marital difficulties and other troubles.
In addition to being the spiritual and moral leader, chaplains must also be physically fit in order to be respected in a unit. The better conditioned you are the more you can relate to younger soldiers, who will see you as a true soldier. I train every day with my soldiers when we're back home in garrison and continue PT on my own almost daily here in Iraq.
The proximity of death also has to be dealt with. It takes a much greater trust in God and acceptance of his will whenever one is serving in a combat zone.
How do soldiers grapple with these fears?
I counsel some soldiers who do route clearance, a dangerous responsibility that increases the likelihood they might encounter an IED [improvised explosive device].
They want to be at peace, rather than preoccupied with the threat of death. They need to face any dangers that may come, and can't allow their emotions to distract from the mission. They think to themselves, I know my mission is dangerous, and I need to be prepared at all times to meet the Lord.
Right now, we're at Camp Liberty, just outside of Baghdad. A while back, frequent rocket attacks stirred up some anxiety, causing some of my troops to face their own fears and the real prospect of death.
What inspired you to go into the military?
During college, I had an ROTC scholarship with the Air Force, but gave it up to enter the seminary. In 2005, I realized that the Iraq War would last longer than expected and there was a great need for Catholic chaplains. Most of the personnel going without the sacraments were in the Army, and that's where I was needed.
At first, I wondered if I was too old: I entered the Army Reserve in 2006 when I was 38. My family was surprised, but very supportive. They understood that I had an inclination for military service, and they realized that I could be a priest and serve in the military at the same time.
The Diocese of Lincoln is blessed with priestly vocations, and Bishop [Fabian] Bruskewitz has been generous in providing chaplains. Our small diocese has two priests in the National Guard and two serving as active-duty Army chaplains.
Would you describe your first deployment to Iraq?
In the fall of 2008 through 2009, the 25th Infantry Division Headquarters was based outside of Tikrit, at COB Speicher — the U.S. Army Contingency Operating Base in north-central Iraq, about 95 miles north of Baghdad.
Our base, a large airfield of 16 square miles, was well protected. However, when we traveled outside the base each week to offer Mass, insurgent activity increased the risk. The biggest concern was IEDs, which demolished vehicles in some other units' ground convoys. Every trip required a certain amount of peace and trust in God.
About once a month we'd try to reach each unit in the outlying areas. The soldiers are always very appreciative to be able to attend Mass and go to confession. The missions each week had to be arranged well in advance, usually requiring a convoy of four vehicles or two helicopters. Weather is the biggest issue that can make it hard to fly.
Don't Catholic chaplains have distinctive duties that increase the likelihood that they will be injured or killed?
As a Catholic chaplain, I have two roles: I'm a unit chaplain to all 800 soldiers in the 25th Infantry Division Headquarters, Catholic or not. But, as a priest, I am a high-demand, low-density chaplain. That means I travel out to other units in our area who don't have their own priest.
Protestant chaplains are only in charge of the soldiers in their battalion, because the Army doesn't make distinctions among Protestant chaplains from different denominations. So, if you're a Lutheran solider and you want a Lutheran chaplain, there might not be one available in your area.
But the Army recognizes there are essential differences between Protestant and Catholic chaplains: Only a Catholic priest can hear confessions and say Mass. That distinction is a good thing for Catholic soldiers because it ensures the Army will support moving the priest around the area of operations. I travel and offer Mass in the entire area of responsibility covered by the 25th Infantry. Most chaplains would not do that. And, yes, frequent travel in a combat zone increases the risk that you may be injured or killed.
Counseling is a big part of a chaplain's responsibility. What are the most common concerns?
It seems like the biggest problem is marital issues. After multiple deployments, family life can suffer. Many soldiers are headed towards divorce or separation.
But I have been able to help my soldiers realize that they shouldn't make a hasty decision to divorce, even if they have grown apart from their spouse or if there has been infidelity. I encourage them to take time to work things out and get professional counseling when they get home.
A lot of the younger Catholic soldiers are not married in the Church. They might have married quickly prior to deployment, and rather than deal with their underlying emotional and spiritual issues, they prefer to divorce and try again. Some, however, are interested in getting back into the faith. They want their civil marriage to be blessed in the Church.
Nor are the younger soldiers well catechized. Many come from difficult backgrounds; some have been raised by single parents or grandparents. Many of the minority groups represented in the Army have Catholic roots but lack familiarity with Church teachings and practices.
On both deployments I've been able to teach a full RCIA class for soldiers serving on larger bases who can attend on a regular basis over a five-month period. Some are Catholics wanting to deepen their faith, and others are Protestant or non-baptized interested in joining the Church. At smaller bases, I encourage soldiers struggling with their beliefs not to lose heart and to remain connected to their Catholic faith.
The U.S. military will withdraw from Iraq by the end of the year. How have the troops reacted to the news?
After multiple deployments, most are very happy that we are concluding our efforts to help the people in Iraq establish their own form of government. The average soldier is ready to hand things over to the Iraqi people because we have been here so long and sacrificed so much blood and treasure. It's time for the Iraqi people to come together and learn to function as an independent nation.
How do the troops assess our legacy in Iraq?
Some are rather cynical and believe the war hasn't changed anything: We are leaving in place a corrupt and tribal government that can't unify itself and move forward as a true democracy because the culture in the Middle East is not conducive to that.
But others say the government in Iraq has gone from a ruthless dictatorship to a limited democracy in just a few years, and even in America it took us many years to establish an effective democratic government. Thus, it will take many decades to see if this effort will endure. They are realistic.
Regardless of the outcome, soldiers are proud of their numerous sacrifices and faithful service here. Many have given four or five years of their life over many deployments to Iraq. They are ready to say it will pay off, but a lot is up in the air.
The problems at Baghdad's Abu Ghraib prison shocked the nation. How did you react to the reports of systemic abuse at the prison?
What happened there was an exception to the rule. The vast majority of soldiers today are disciplined and well-trained professionals. Compared to every other previous conflict, Iraq has had a much smaller number of abuse issues and violations of the rules of engagement. Generally, when those problems do occur, it's the result of a lack of leadership across the board, from the sergeant right up to the commander.
The chaplain is the moral voice who should tell the commander, or even go above that individual, if necessary, in order to address a wrong. But soldiers are recruited from across our nation, and they are merely a reflection of the moral condition of our society as a whole. In particular, when recruiting standards were lowered for a time a few years ago, we paid a price. Bad apples were allowed in as part of the effort to grow the Army, but now standards have been restored, and unfit or poor-performing soldiers are not being retained.
As President Bush prepared for the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Pope John Paul II challenged the moral basis for America's military action. As a Catholic chaplain, how do you grapple with the moral issues related to military commitments and the conduct of war?
At some point, a priest will counsel soldiers who have trouble with the idea of taking human life, even when doing so in the midst of combat.
The very serious decision to go to war is made by the president and Congress, and we in the military have agreed to serve. While it's certainly preferable to believe a particular conflict is relevant and righteous, for soldiers there isn't always that luxury. We are servants of our nation who accept any lawful order. Americans tend to be fickle, especially when confronted with long-term engagements. Eighty percent were in favor of invading Iraq in 2003, but now the mantra is: "Support the soldier even if you don't support the war."
But it helps me personally as a priest to realize that whatever soldiers are tasked to do they will carry out in a responsible and ethical way. Our actions here have been carried out correctly, and sacrifices have been made to avoid civilian casualties and help the country rebuild.
War is a necessary evil that can be justified in certain circumstances, and the Army bases its decisions on the principles of just war developed by St. Thomas Aquinas. No one likes to go to war, but our nation abides by rules and conventions, unlike the enemy insurgent forces.
Have most Americans drifted away from military culture? Do they appreciate the sacrifices that so many men and women in uniform have made?
The argument has been made recently that only 1% of the nation understands military service, and the rest don't. Perhaps most haven't experienced it, but our nation does show its appreciation: Care packages are constantly being received in the chaplain's office, we are always welcomed when we come home from deployment, and soldiers have received increases in pay, benefits and congressional funding of numerous programs for military families and veterans.
The average soldier does not feel unappreciated or unloved, because we see gratitude in so many concrete ways and actions.
What is distinctive about military culture?
It's a commitment to certain values — the Army values that define the culture. Commitment to one's fellow soldiers is very important: the person to your left or your right. The soldier says to himself, I'm fighting for my battle buddy. There's a lot of camaraderie between soldiers who have gone through intense experiences together.
There is also an emphasis on personal discipline — keeping oneself physically and mentally resilient.
What are your future plans?
I will stay on active duty in the Army for as long as my bishop and the Army want me to. My next assignment will be to serve as a priest-chaplain recruiter.
There's a need for many more Catholic chaplains.
There's a great need. Currently, only 97 out of 1,650 Army chaplains are Catholic, reflecting the general decline in priestly vocations. During the middle of the war, we saw an uptick in the number of chaplain candidates studying for the priesthood across all the services. However, the Army is now reaching a point where retirements have pushed down our numbers, from 110 active-duty Catholic chaplains in January of last year to a projection of just 90 by June of 2012.
Register senior editor Joan Frawley Desmond writes from Chevy Chase, Maryland.


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Bulk procurement of Ambulances and Delivery Beds16 May 2016
The Ministry procured 60 ambulances and maternity delivery beds to be distributed to a number of public health facilities around the country.
Unveiling the medical equipment's, Minister - Dr. Bernard Haufiku said it is part of his performance agreement to ensure that every health facility with a maternity unit be adequately resourced with delivery beds and for all health facilities to be equipped with an ambulance and emergency care practitioners (drivers). Procurement of ambulances is being delivered with the training of emergency care practitioners.


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Over the next five weeks, TheCrew.com will be unveiling its Match of the Year nominees every Monday leading-up to a fan poll that opens on December 12. Here is your first nominee, the Crew's first-ever win against Seattle Sounders FC:
Since leaving Columbus for the expansion Seattle Sounders FC following his MLS Cup win in 2008, Sigi Schmid had always had his former team's number having never lost to the Black & Gold in the teams' first seven meetings. That all changed on a cool Wednesday night in the Emerald City as a Crew side riding the momentum from a weekend draw in San Jose stunned the nearly 40,000 fans in attendance at CenturyLink Field with a 2-0 smash-and-grab victory over the Sounders.
Outpossessed and outshot by substantial margins, it took an entire team effort to secure the three points in the Sounders' hotstile home. Andy Gruenebaum burst into the national spotlight with his six saves on the evening to record the clean sheet, while Justin Meram and Emilio Rentería provided the scoring on Columbus' only two shots on-frame that night. Cole Grossman made his first career start, replacing the injured Milovan Mirosevic in Robert Warzycha's starting 11. Rookie Kevan George got his first taste of MLS, coming on just before the halftime whistle to replace Danny O'Rourke who suffered a sprained ankle in the action.
The Crew's first-ever win over Seattle provided one of the most memorable matches of the 2012 season, but will it be enough to earn your vote for Match of the Year?
Match of the Year candidates:
Nominee #1 - May 23, 2012 - Seattle Sounders 0 - Columbus Crew 2 RECAP
Nominee #2 - Released November 12
Nominee #3 - Released November 19
Nominee #4 - Released November 26
Nominee #5 - Released December 3
Nominee #6 - Released December 10
Voting takes place December 12-16. The winning match will be announced on Monday, December 17.


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Chatterbox - Hope
Tuesday 11.00am - 12 noon
Singing, stories, and rhyme session.
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Cheeky Monkeys Playgroup
Sessions on: Monday and Thursday. 9:15am to 11:15am
Cheeky Monkeys Playgroup Our playgroup is for babies and toddlers between ages 0 - 4. We offer lots of fun play time, as well as arts and crafts, stories, song time and seasonal 'make a gift' activities too (Christmas, Easter etc).It is on Monday &…
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- Stone Cross Lane NorthLowtonWarringtonCheshireWA3 2SE
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Childminder Drop In - Astley
Mondays 10am - 12noon & Thursdays 9.30am - 11.30am
Childminder Stay & Play Dedicated time to meet other childminders and take part in play sessions. All children welcome. All childminders and the children 0 to 5 years they look after. A chance to swap ideas and information. Mondays 10am - 12noon Thursdays 9.30am -…
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Childminder drop-in - Golborne (term-time only)
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Childminders Stay & Play - Westleigh (term time only) - CURRENTLY NOT RUNNING
Thursday 9.30am - 11.30am
This session is for registered Childminders and the children they look after.
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- Westleigh Start Well Centre
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Childminders Stay and Play Session - Ince (CURRENTLY NOT RUNNING)
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Stay and Play session for registered Childminders and their children.
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Children and Community Centre
Monday to Friday various times, see website
The centre provides facilities for a variety of community activities, to find out what's available please visit the website Provided.
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A chance for parents and carer's to get to know each other over free tea & toast and to learn the basics of interacting with their babies. Parents/carers and their babies 0 - 12 Months. Wednesdays 11am - 11.45am
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The Card enables a disabled cinema guest to receive a complimentary ticket for someone to go with them when they visit a participating cinema. The Card is also one way for cinemas to make sure they look after their disabled guests. If you require an…
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Sodium phenylbutyrate is used together with a proper diet to help treat urea cycle disorders (including a specific liver enzyme deficiency) that help remove ammonia (nitrogen) from the body.
Ammonia is formed from the breakdown of protein in the body. If the ammonia cannot be removed by the body, then a buildup may cause serious unwanted effects. This medicine works by helping to reduce high levels of ammonia in the blood.
This medicine is available only with your doctor's prescription.
This product is available in the following dosage forms:
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LOS ANGELES, AP – Bank of America Corp. is close to finalizing a deal to pay $8.5 billion to settle claims by a group of investors that the bank sold them poor-quality mortgage-backed securities that went sour when the housing market tanked, according to a person familiar with the settlement talks.
LOS ANGELES, AP – Bank of America Corp. is close to finalizing a deal to pay $8.5 billion to settle claims by a group of investors that the bank sold them poor-quality mortgage-backed securities that went sour when the housing market tanked, according to a person familiar with the settlement talks.
The Charlotte, North Carolina, bank was continuing talks late Tuesday with the group, which includes the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Pimco Investment Management, the world's largest bondholder, and Blackrock Financial Management. It is expected to announce an agreement as early as Wednesday, the person said on condition of anonymity because the matter was still developing.
The deal comes eight months after the group fired off a letter to Bank of America demanding that it repurchase $47 billion in mortgages that its Countrywide unit sold to them in the form of bonds. The investors have argued that Countrywide's practice of modifying loans found to have faulty paperwork or those written outside of normal underwriting standards breached signed agreements with the investors. By continuing to service bad loans rather than speeding up foreclosures, the group has claimed that Countrywide ran up servicing fees, enriching itself at the expense of investors. The New York Fed is involved because it took over assets held by American International Group Inc., which faltered under the weight of bad home loans that it insured.
Bank of America, which paid $4 billion for Countrywide in 2008, has dismissed suggestions that its handling of loan modifications and other efforts to prevent foreclosure have violated the terms of the mortgage-backed securities that the investors hold. In November, CEO Brian Moynihan said he was in day-to-day "hand-to-hand combat" with investors' demands.
But the combined effect of the Countrywide deal, mortgage crisis and the risk overhang of the soured loans have been a drain on BofA's bottom line and stock price, eventually prompting a reversal in strategy. Since the beginning of the year, the bank has struck large settlements with multiple investors. In January, the lender paid $2.6 billion to settle buyback claims on home loans sold to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. And in April, the bank agreed to pay up to $1.6 billion to Assured Guaranty Ltd., an insurer that also pressed the bank to repurchase shoddy mortgages. If approved, the latest settlement would address a significant remaining slice of Bank of America's mortgage buyback claim risk.
A Bank of America spokesman could not immediately be reached for comment.
Shares of Bank of America gained 14 cents, or 1.3 percent, to $10.96 in aftermarket trading on Tuesday. The shares had closed the regular session down 3 cents at $10.82.


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June 7, 2010 (Chicago) — Long-term treatment with the cancer drug Avastin may help keep advanced ovarian cancer in check, a study of more than 1,800 women suggests.
Women who took Avastin during standard chemotherapy and for up to 10 months afterward lived for about four months longer — without signs of cancer growth — than women who received chemotherapy alone.
Put another way, taking Avastin during and after chemo reduced the risk of cancer progression by 28% over chemo alone, says Robert A. Burger, MD, director of the Women's Cancer Center at Fox Chase Cancer Center in Philadelphia.
Specifically, women who continued on "maintenance therapy" with Avastin, following Avastin and chemotherapy, showed no worsening of their disease for an average of 14.1 months. That compares with 10.3 months for women on chemo alone.
A third group of women in the study took Avastin only during chemotherapy. They lived an average of 11.2 months before their cancer progressed, a difference that was not significantly different than chemo alone.
Burger presented results of the study at annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.
Avastin, which cuts off the supply of nutrient-rich blood to tumors, is already used to treat breast, lung, and colorectal cancers, typically in combination with chemotherapy.
Smaller trials showed promising activity in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer, Burger says.
The new study involved 1,873 women who had undergone surgery for newly diagnosed stage III or IV ovarian cancer, primary peritoneal cancer, or fallopian tube cancer.
One group received the standard chemotherapy combo of carboplatin and paclitaxel. Another group received Avastin plus the same chemotherapy drugs, followed by Avastin maintenance therapy. A third group received concurrent chemotherapy and Avastin, but no maintenance treatment.
Avastin Side Effects
Long-term Avastin therapy did bring more side effects. Nearly 23% of women developed moderate or serious high blood pressure, compared with 7.6% of women on chemo alone. A total of 2.6% of women developed moderate to severe bleeding, perforated intestines, or other serious gastrointestinal (GI) side effects, compared with 1.2% of women getting chemotherapy alone.
The women haven't been followed for long enough to know if long-term Avastin therapy extends lives.
The researchers have gathered data on Avastin's effect on quality on life, but the results are not ready.
So should doctors be recommending Avastin to their advanced ovarian cancer patents?
Given that cancer worsened in women on chemotherapy alone within about 10 months, "a shift to 14 months is clinically meaningful for patients," Burger tells WebMD. "This should be considered one standard option."
But Karen Lu, MD, professor of gynecologic cancers at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Medical Center in Houston, tells WebMD that until doctors know how Avastin affects quality of life and whether it extends lives, "we don't have enough data to call it a standard of care."
For now, "each woman and her doctor will have to decide whether coming in for an IV infusion every three weeks, for an additional four months, is worth" a four-month gain in terms of stalling cancer progression, she says.
Burger notes that women who received chemotherapy prior to surgery for advanced ovarian cancer weren't included in the study. "We haven't established its safety for such patients yet," he says.
Although Avastin isn't approved for ovarian cancer, doctors can prescribe it "off-label," Burger says. When used for approved cancers, it generally costs several thousand dollars a month.
A spokesperson for Genentech, maker of the drug, says the company hopes to use the study results to seek FDA approval for use in ovarian cancer.
About 22,000 new cases of ovarian cancer will be diagnosed this year, and about 15,000 women will die from the disease, according to the American Cancer Society.
This study was presented at a medical conference. The findings should be considered preliminary as they have not yet undergone the "peer review" process, in which outside experts scrutinize the data prior to publication in a medical journal.


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Photo by my wife, Pam.
You Know The Drill. WXRT held its annual Listener Poll Gala at Craftsman Experience in the River North neighborhood this past Thursday. The place is a sort of Apple Store for hardware, where visitors can try out a variety of brand new tools. On Thursday, most of the attention was focused on a podium where the XRT air personalities took turns announcing the winners for Best Album, Best Song, Best Concert, Best Music Venue, Best Movie, and Best TV Show. During the hour-long Gala, which was broadcast live on the air, only the top five or top ten vote getters for each category were announced. The full results can be seen on WXRT's website.
Lin Brehmer handled the bulk of the show, and Tom Marker, who for some reason was never formally introduced, provided fun, onstage announcements. There was a roar of applause when Terri Hemmert was introduced as a recent inductee into the National Radio Hall Of Fame; and Marty Lennartz delivered the Best Movie countdown while channeling his Regular Guy character. Frank E. Lee, Jason Thomas, morning news anchor Mary Dixon, Program Director Norm Winer, and Corporate Takeover's Kristin Kay were also on hand.
The good vibes were only partially due to the free wine and beer being served, as loyal fans savored an opportunity to mingle with the station's primary DJs during the reception afterward. Congratulations to WXRT for putting together a smoothly run, thoroughly enjoyable evening. Here are the winners for each category. Best Album: The Suburbs by Arcade Fire; Best Song: "Little Lion Man" by Mumford & Sons; Best Concert: Lollapalooza; Best Concert Venue: Chicago Theater; Best Movie: Inception; and Best TV Show: Modern Family.
Phil At The Bottom Lounge. The Phil Angotti Band, which includes Mike Zelenko, Carolyn Engelmann, Tommi Zender, and Ellis Clark, will be performing at The Bottom Lounge tonight. Other acts scheduled to play include Davenport Ed, Ten Foot Tall, and Band Called Catch. Angotti recently filmed a video at Quenchers Bar, with the help of several friends.
I'll Be Playing In A Band Down By The River! That was my imitation of the Chris Farley character Matt Foley, by the way. Abbey Road On The River will celebrate its 10th Anniversary by holding a pair of events this year. The first will be May 26th-30th in Louisville, Kentucky; and the second will be September 1st - 5th in Washington, DC. 60 bands from 10 countries will be involved. See the official website for more information.
Remember When You Were In The Beat? That Was Awesome! The Chicago Tribune had a listing yesterday for Paul Collins tickets going on sale for a show on March 10th at Subterranean. That doesn't match the venue's calendar, which shows Collins scheduled to perform on February 19th with The Half Rats as his opening act. A recent Facebook post from Collins shows the date as February 19th. Earlier that day, he'll be doing an in-store appearance at Permanent Records at 5:00 PM. I'm guessing the Trib got the date wrong. Collins released the highly impressive comeback CD King Of Power Pop in 2010, and has launched The Beat Army to promote power pop music. Consider me enlisted.
No Fooling. Jeff Beck, with special guest The Imelda May Band, will be coming to The Cadillac Palace in downtown Chicago on April first as part of his Rock N' Roll Party tour. Beck's 2010 release, Emotion&Commotion has been nominated for five Grammy Awards.
Long May He Run. Neil Young will be honored with a tribute concert at Carnegie Hall in New York on February 10th. Over 20 artists, including Patti Smith, The Roots, Shawn Colvin, Aimee Mann, Evan Dando and Julianna Hatfield, Joan Osbourne, and Cowboy Junkies, are scheduled to take part by performing Young's songs. Pollstar reports that tickets start at $45, and $250 VIP tickets will include admittance to the artist after-party at City Winery.
The Gang's All Here. The newly reformed Gang Of Four are set to release their CD Content on January 25th, and will appear on David Letterman's show February 8th. The band kicks off a 15-date North American Tour tour on February 5th, and will be at Metro in Chicago on February 11th.
Making A Spectacle Of Themselves. Michael Lux and The Bad Sons are calling their first show, scheduled for January 28th at Bottom Lounge, a "Rock n Roll Spectacle." The lineup will also include Half Rats (I'm assuming it's the same band as the one opening for Paul Collins although their MySpace page doesn't list either gig), The Mutts, and Bob Dey's Tank Engine Man. Admission is free up until 10:00 PM. Michael Lux and The Bad Sons will be selling copies of their debut EP Neat Repeater, at the show. Lux is also a member of the band Holus.