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CASE17776: Horary consultation concerning Mrs Mary Price (PERSON15063)
Question asked by the patient on 23 August 1602 at 13:38
RN Mres Mary Price of Warrick sheere August. 23. ☾ hor 1. 38. p m. 1602. 44|6| y. /very weake stomached.\
[Astrological Chart]
Transcribed excerpt from MS Ashmole 221, f. 182r (upper right part of page)

subset: commoncrawl


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RPS wrote:X-COM failed. The aliens conquered Earth, had their gross tentacly way with it for centuries, and then, at some point, buggered off. Earth is now a forgotten backwater of some stellar empire, awash with mutants, human collaborators, and abandoned underlings of the terrifying, but absentee Star Gods. Your band of all-female mutant pirates has stumbled across an ancient military research base. From here, you decide to make a living cowing the world with acts of theft and violence against the filthy human agents of the Star Gods, extorting protection money from petty local governments and seizing goods, weapons, and captives to ransom from everyone else.
So. Who among you sorry lot wants the gory glittery glory of cappin' 'toids across the seven seas?
The crew so far.
Our good ship the #FinalFighter spilleth over with greenhorns and weird-ass weapons.
I want you all to pick your loadouts. I'm down to buy whatever I don't have from the black market, and you can change whenever you want.
Here's what I've got so far:
- Frocto: "Atom beer, landmines, ninja stars, chainsaw, parrot."
- Defenestration: Katana (or a cutlass for now)
- Ziiro: Pistol and Cutlass (to be upgraded accordingly as better sstuff becomes available)
- Geothermal: Cutlass
The amount of shit we have to plunder with in this game is just magical:
Additionally, you can pick what your crass lass is or is not wearing:
I'll get more options as I research different kinds of armor.
Speaking of!
Figure "primitive weapons" is a good place to get the brainers started.
Only got 3, at the moment. They're really damn expensive. I need to plunder and sell treasure on the black market if I want to afford more.
I'll also need more living space, so I drop a cool $250k on another barracks.
Research screen is sliiiightly embarrassing, since this mod was made by weebs (Frocto pointed out that the weapons-loadout screen has Etna in the background!!!!).
It'll only get more so as we set sail.
Well how bout that.


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Deport Post Office
Post Office Category: Post Office
The Deport Post Office is located in Deport, Texas. Browse this location's operating and mail collection hours along with address and contact information. You can also review all of the services offered at this post office along with customer reviews and other helpful resources. Is the Deport Post Office not the location you are looking for? You can search for other post offices in Texas or any location in the United States.
Retail Hours
Monday: 8:00am - 12:00pm
Tuesday: 8:00am - 12:00pm
Wednesday: 8:00am - 12:00pm
Thursday: 8:00am - 12:00pm
Friday: 8:00am - 12:00pm
Saturday: Closed
Sunday: Closed
Lobby Hours
Monday: 24 hours
Tuesday: 24 hours
Wednesday: 24 hours
Thursday: 24 hours
Friday: 24 hours
Saturday: 24 hours
Sunday: 24 hours
Last Collection
Monday: 3:15pm
Tuesday: 3:15pm
Wednesday: 3:15pm
Thursday: 3:15pm
Friday: 3:15pm
Saturday: 3:30pm
Sunday: Closed
Passport Hours
Bulk Mail Hours
Monday: 8:30am - 12:00pm, 1:00pm - 3:00pm
Tuesday: 8:30am - 12:00pm, 1:00pm - 3:00pm
Wednesday: 8:30am - 12:00pm, 1:00pm - 3:00pm
Thursday: 8:30am - 12:00pm, 1:00pm - 3:00pm
Friday: 8:30am - 12:00pm, 1:00pm - 3:00pm
Saturday: Closed
Sunday: Closed


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Expert Tips
Safety footwear can be functional and fashionable. Quality products last longer and are better for the overall well being of the worker…comfort is essential and can reduce fatigue. Having the proper safety gear can reduce workplace accidents which unfortunately can cause serious injury or even death. Workplace accidents can be very costly for the employer, so we can work with companies to offer proper safety gear and we do offer co-ordinated voucher programs


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Common brand names:
This combination medication is used along with a proper diet to help lower "bad" cholesterol and fats (such as LDL, triglycerides) and raise "good" cholesterol (HDL) in the blood. Niacin is also known as vitamin B3 (nicotinic acid), one of the B vitamins. It works by reducing the amount of cholesterol made by the liver and by helping the body remove fats from the blood. Lovastatin belongs to a group of drugs known as "statins." It works by reducing the amount of cholesterol made by the liver. This product is prescribed after the use of one drug (niacin or lovastatin) has not been fully successful at lowering cholesterol.
In addition to eating a proper diet (such as a low-cholesterol/low-fat diet), other lifestyle changes that may help this medication work better include exercising, drinking less alcohol, losing weight if overweight, and stopping smoking. Consult your doctor for more details.
Lowering "bad" cholesterol and triglycerides and raising "good" cholesterol decreases the risk of heart disease and helps prevent strokes and heart attacks. Lowering triglycerides in people with very high triglyceride blood levels may also decrease the risk of pancreas disease (pancreatitis).
How to Use This Medication
Take this medication by mouth with a low-fat snack as directed by your doctor, usually once daily at bedtime. Taking this drug with food will increase its absorption and help reduce side effects (such as flushing, stomach upset).
Do not crush or chew extended-release tablets. Doing so can release all of the drug at once, increasing the risk of side effects. Also, do not split the tablets unless they have a score line and your doctor or pharmacist tells you to do so. Swallow the whole or split tablet without crushing or chewing.
To lessen the chance of flushing, avoid alcohol, hot beverages, and spicy foods near the time you take this medication. Taking a plain aspirin (non-enteric coated, 325 milligrams) or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (such as ibuprofen, 200 milligrams) 30 minutes before taking this medication may help prevent flushing. Ask your doctor if this treatment is right for you (especially if you are also taking a "blood thinner" such as warfarin).
The niacin in this product is an extended-release form. Your doctor may instruct you to take the individual extended-release niacin first until you reach the right dose and then switch you over to this combination product. Niacin is also available in other formulations (such as immediate- and sustained-release). Do not switch other strengths, brands, or forms of niacin with this product because doing so may cause severe liver problems.
The dosage is based on your medical condition, response to treatment, and other medications you may be taking. Be sure to tell your doctor and pharmacist about all the products you use (including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products).
Avoid eating grapefruit or drinking grapefruit juice while using this medication unless your doctor instructs you otherwise. Grapefruit can increase the amount of this medication in your bloodstream. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details.
If you also take certain other drugs to lower your cholesterol (bile acid-binding resins such as cholestyramine or colestipol), take this product at least 1 hour before or at least 4 hours after taking these medications. These products can react with this medication, preventing its full absorption.
Take this medication regularly in order to get the most benefit from it. Remember to take it at the same time each day. If you have not taken this medication for an extended period (more than 7 days), consult your doctor or pharmacist for instructions on restarting it. You may need to restart your medication at a lower dose and slowly increase the dose over several weeks.
Keep taking this medication even if you feel well. Most people with high cholesterol or triglycerides do not feel sick. It may take up to 4 weeks before you get the full benefit of this drug.
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|Sunny Leone
Click here to visit site
|Short review: Theres an exotic manner to this brunet gal that reflects from diverse facets. She literally can sweep you away with her purity, or make you want to drop to your knees just to service her when shes feeling like a purely dirty femme. Theyve done a very attractive job of laying out this website, navigation wont give you any issues and the quality is fitting for this female.


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British Chiropractic Association (BCA)
Beware the spinal spin
Finding a document on the website of the British Chiropractic Association titled "CONFIDENTIAL FOR BCA MEMBERS ONLY" is an open invitation…
Perusing the BCA's website usually finds extremely useful advice on schoolbags, gardening, bras, shopping, Bank Holidays, baking, gadgets, sitting and, of course, Christmas.
This time, however, I was bravely looking for what they said about the differences between chiropractic and osteopathy after a comment by a chiro on Prof Edzard Ernst's blog:
Chiropractic and osteopathy have different origins. They are separate forms of spinal manip. Typically osteopaths use long level techniques, chiros use short lever. Both aim to achieve the same thing – spinal health.
This highlights a frequent question asked by skeptics: Are chiropractic and osteopathy substantially or even significantly different forms of healthcare?
The Scottish Chiropractic Association: Attempting to 'manipulate' the entire Scottish population?
Guest post by Blue Wode. Originally published on The Twenty First Floor on 14 March 2012.
In recent times, the two main UK chiropractic associations, the British Chiropractic Association (BCA) and the McTimoney Chiropractic Association (MCA), have come under intense scrutiny. The BCA was brought to its knees by the misconceived libel case it brought against the science writer and broadcaster, Simon Singh, and, as a direct result of it, the MCA suffered the humiliation of having a confidential email to its members leaked online which revealed that it had urged all of them to take down their websites as they were a real threat to both them and their practices. By comparison, the Scottish Chiropractic Association (SCA) has enjoyed a relatively uncontroversial existence. Until now.
A right Royal chiro cock-up
Jubilation in the chiropractic world! But, as usual, all is not what it might first seem…
Chiropractors granted Royal Charter:
The College of Chiropractors will soon be given the honour of being named the Royal College of Chiropractors. In doing so, Chiropractors become the first complementary health specialty to be awarded a Royal Charter. It is great news for Chiropractors and the development of the chiropractic profession in general.
Royal Charters have traditionally been awarded to specialty areas of Medicine such as the Royal College of Surgeons or Royal College of Dentists. It recognises the value of the College of Chiropractors unique position as a leader in the profession. (Source)
College of Chiropractors receives Royal Charter. Feels great to now be part of The Royal College of Chiropractors (Source)
The College of Chiropractors have been granted Royal Charter. Congratulations to the Royal College of Chiropractors! (Source)
The College of Chiropractors will soon be given the honour of being named the Royal College of Chiropractors. (Source)
One chiro was quick to update their website (or maybe he always thought it was a Royal College?) with this new imprimatur:
I am registered with the General Chiropractic Council…and a member of the British Chiropractic Association (BCA) and the Royal College of Chiropractors. (Source)
The British Chiropractic Association (BCA) published a press release (cached) that probably started this all off:
College of Chiropractors granted Royal Charter
Dated: 12 November 2012
At a meeting of the Privy Council on Wednesday, the Queen approved the grant of a Royal Charter to the College of Chiropractors, the first Royal Charter to be granted to a complementary medicine organisation in the UK.
The College is an academic, professional membership body, established along the lines of the Medical Royal Colleges, which over the past 13 years has sought to ensure quality, safety and excellence are at the forefront of chiropractic practice in the public interest.
Chiropractic is regulated by statute and although chiropractors provide their services largely within the private sector, NHS funding for chiropractic treatment is now emerging region by region under the Department of Health's new commissioning arrangements. Chiropractors specialise in the diagnosis and treatment of problems affecting the joints, muscles and nerves and are probably best known for treating low back pain, a condition which costs the equivalent of between 1% and 2% of the UK GDP and has a significant impact on people's lives.
Rarely granted, a Royal Charter signals permanence and stability and, in the College of Chiropractors' case, a clear indication to others of the leadership value and innovative approach the College brings to the development of the chiropractic profession. The Royal Charter essentially formalises the College's position as a unique, apolitical, consultative body, recognising its role in promoting high practice standards and certifying quality and thus securing public confidence.
Tim Jay, President of the College, said, "The College of Chiropractors' Royal Charter emphasises to the public and other health bodies that chiropractic is a healthcare profession with parity in the field of musculoskeletal health, providing a viable and recognised option for patients."
All the usual spin, of course.
Chiro regulator admits systemic failures
I have never been 100% sure of the exact numbers of complaints of mine the General Chiropractic Council had to deal with.
I certainly submitted a list of 524 names, but the number changed as the complaints were processed. Quite a few chiros were added to my initial list because they were at the same clinic as another I had complained about and some have been removed for various reasons. Then there were more than a few issues of chiros changing their names, moving clinics, moving abroad and other things that made it difficult to keep track, so I didn't bother to keep my list absolutely up to date. There didn't really seem any point in fretting over the minutiæ. After all, the GCC are a statutory regulator and they could be trusted to keep track because it was their statutory duty to deal with these things, couldn't they?
Taking the strain
The General Chiropractic Council's occasional News from the GCC publication rarely makes interesting reading. It's usually a mish-mash of stuff only of interest to chiropractors.
But there is an occasional interesting item or two.
The latest issue discusses the apparent ongoing debate between the Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) and the GCC:
The ASA Committee of Advertising Practice (CAP) – the debate goes on
The latest issue we've flagged up to the team at CAP relates to claims to treat minor sports injuries.
Its AdviceOnline in respect of osteopathy and physiotherapy states that CAP has accepted that they may claim to help minor sports injuries, but there is no mention of this for chiropractic. In respect of physiotherapy, CAP goes on to state that
"At the present time, CAP is unlikely to ask to see evidence for the treatment of minor conditions."
We've asked CAP to confirm that it would take the same approach to any claims made by chiropractors about minor sports injuries. As ever, we'll keep the profession in touch with progress.
We have the situation where the GCC — the statutory regulator for chiropractors, who frequently claim to be a primary health-care profession — is asking the ASA — the voluntary advertising regulator, funded through a levy on advertising spend — to add minor sports injuries back onto their list so their registered chiropractors can make claims about it!
Let's see if we can help answer the GCC's query.
Out with the old…
When I submitted my complaints about claims made on chiropractic websites in June 2008, a fundamental requirement regulating what chiropractors could claim — firmly embedded in their Code of Practice — was that they only advertise consistent with guidance issued by the Advertising Standards Authority (ASA).
At that time, the General Chiropractic Council's Code of Practice that was in effect was the 8 December 2005 version and the relevant clause was C1.6. Let's put it fully in context:
Chiropractors must justify public trust and confidence by being honest and trustworthy.
C1 Chiropractors must act with integrity and never abuse their professional standing.
Specifically chiropractors:
C1.6 may publicise their practices or permit another person to do so consistent with the law and the guidance issued by the Advertising Standards Authority. If chiropractors, or others on their behalf, do publicise, the information used must be factual and verifiable. The information must not be misleading or inaccurate in any way. It must not, in any way, abuse the trust of members of the public nor exploit their lack of experience or knowledge about either health or chiropractic matters. It must not put pressure on people to use chiropractic.29
29 For example, by arousing ill-founded fear for their future health.
This clearly mandates chiropractors to ensure any advertising complies with ASA guidance, remembering that ASA guidance includes the CAP Code, other guidance and their adjudications.
In prosecuting my complaints, the GCC inexplicably forgot all about the requirement to be consistent with ASA guidance and came up with some arbitrary standard of evidence for compliance. The Professional Conduct Committee begged to differ even with that and effectively allowed any old evidence to be used to substantiate chiropractors' claims. To understand the whole story, see Humpty Dumpty regulation.
Humpty Dumpty regulation
The phrase Humpty Dumpty chiropractic cropped up in a Google Alert a few days ago. It was the fitting title of an editorial (cached) in the December 2010 issue of Clinical Chiropractic, which discussed the slippery and nebulous meaning of vertebral subluxation complex (VSC).
For those who don't remember their childhood, in Lewis Carroll's Through the Looking Glass, Humpty Dumpty is discussing the meaning of words with Alice. HD remonstrates:
'When I use a word,' Humpty Dumpty said in rather a scornful tone, 'it means just what I choose it to mean — neither more nor less.'
Such equivocation is typical of on-line conversations with chiropractic supporters discussing the VSC, but it applies elsewhere as well.
Where the evidence leads
Google Alerts is a very useful tool for skeptics. It sends you an email whenever the word or phrase you've asked for crops up in their searches of news, blogs or other websites. They are excellent for keeping tabs on what's going on by helping you track new stories and hits.
Naturally, I have one set up for the General Chiropractic Council (GCC), just to see where they crop up on web sites and in the news.
A few days ago, I received a Google Alert about a page that had been recently updated, although the mention of the GCC was from some time ago. It linked to a decision by the Press Complaints Commission (PCC) about complaints made by the GCC against the Daily Telegraph, the Daily Mail and the Guardian about articles published on 9 November 2007.
According to the GCC, the articles said:
- Chiropractors 'are waste [sic] of money', Daily Telegraph, Rebecca Smith
- Chiropractors 'are a waste of time', Daily Mail, Jenny Hope
- 'Chiropractors may be no use in treating back pain, study says', The Guardian, Alok Jha
Nothing new there, then.
The Mass Libel Reform Blog – Fight for Free Speech!
This week is the first anniversary of the report Free Speech is Not for Sale, which highlighted the oppressive nature of English libel law. In short, the law is extremely hostile to writers, while being unreasonably friendly towards powerful corporations and individuals who want to silence critics.
The English libel law is particularly dangerous for bloggers, who are generally not backed by publishers, and who can end up being sued in London regardless of where the blog was posted. The internet allows bloggers to reach a global audience, but it also allows the High Court in London to have a global reach.
You can read more about the peculiar and grossly unfair nature of English libel law at the website of the Libel Reform Campaign. You will see that the campaign is not calling for the removal of libel law, but for a libel law that is fair and which would allow writers a reasonable opportunity to express their opinion and then defend it.
The good news is that the British Government has made a commitment to draft a bill that will reform libel, but it is essential that bloggers and their readers send a strong signal to politicians so that they follow through on this promise. You can do this by joining me and over 50,000 others who have signed the libel reform petition.
Remember, you can sign the petition whatever your nationality and wherever you live. Indeed, signatories from overseas remind British politicians that the English libel law is out of step with the rest of the free world.
If you have already signed the petition, then please encourage friends, family and colleagues to sign up. Moreover, if you have your own blog, you can join hundreds of other bloggers by posting this blog on your own site. There is a real chance that bloggers could help change the most censorious libel law in the democratic world.
We must speak out to defend free speech. Please sign the petition for libel reform.
Getting their nappies in a twist
It had never occurred to me that one of the important design parameters of a nappy would be how little noise it makes when flexed.
However, this seems to be a USP for some manufacturers and they want to tell prospective customers all about it.


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There was nothing lucky about Australia's series triumph in South Africa.
No doubt Australia was helped by winning the toss in Cape Town and then having the opposition's best bowler, Dale Steyn, succumbing to a hamstring injury on day one of the series decider, but in the context of the series they were mere footnotes given how conclusively Australia outperformed the world's best team with bat, ball and in the field.
Little was allowed to go right for South Africa after it sent Australia in after winning the toss in the first Test at Centurion. While Australia's lunch score of 3-83 was hardly a dream start from the visitors it was better than what it could, and maybe should, have been given how threatening the home team's bowlers, particularly Vernon Philander for a rare time in the series, looked against the Australians.
As Australian coach Darren Lehmann noted in the afterglow in Cape Town, his batsmen deserved significant credit for the triumph. David Warner was the stand-out batsman, but the others spread the scoring load better than their South African counterparts.
It was not as if South Africa's big guns went missing. A.B. de Villiers and Hashim Amla both averaged more than 50 – as did J.P. Duminy – while with the ball Steyn claimed 12 wickets at 26.42, trumped only by Mitch Johnson and his 22 wickets at 17.36.
The importance of the chasm between the opening partnerships in the series cannot be over overstated. Australia, through Warner and Chris Rogers, benefited from 337 runs in its first-wicket partnerships, at an average of 56.17. South Africa's record, with Graeme Smith and either Alviro Petersen or Dean Elgar, was a pitiful 66 runs at 11, with a top partnership of 15. It meant that Amla, and later Elgar, at No.3 never got a decent platform.
One reason an Australian series victory looked a distinct possibility early in the series was the occasionally listless – and sometimes hopeless – fielding by South Africa. In the first Test alone it put down seven chances – as many as Australia did for the entire series. It was not just the missed chances and run-outs; the sloppiness in ground fielding was staggering for a team that had not lost any of its preceding 26 series. It was a clear sign the Proteas were not as focused and as hungry as the Australians.
In the first two Tests Warner was given six lives, including a run-out. The left-hander made the South Africans pay for their profligacy by making 115 in the second innings in Centurion, after being given his chance on 26, and then in the loss at Port Elizabeth went on from 36 to 66.
Across the three Tests Australian batsmen who were spared went on to make another 548 runs. South Africa got only 146 runs from surviving batsmen.
Warner was probably the last batsman you wanted to be giving lives because of his remarkable scoring rate. He scored at an average of 97 runs for every 100 balls faced. Among other batsmen who made 100 runs for the series the closest to him was Steve Smith with 58.
When Lehmann praised his players' bold approach throughout the series one thing he was undoubtedly referring too was its scoring rates. Across the three Tests the visitors' run rate was 3.88, while South Africa's was 2.99. A more telling statistic was that across the series Australia scored at least 100 runs in a session on 10 occasions, whereas South Africa managed it only three times.
It was for that reason Australian bowlers occupied all but two of the top 11 rankings in economy rates, with Kyle Abbott (eighth) the best for South Africa. The three Proteas bowlers who played in each match – Steyn, Philander and Morne Morkel – all conceded more than 3.5 runs an over, with Steyn the only one who finished with an average below 50.
Beyond the 2-1 scoreline, one area that made clear Australia's dominance was in sessions won, a method of appraisal not popular, because it is subjective, but nevertheless noted by a lot of coaches.
Of the 45 sessions, Australia won 20, South Africa 10 and the remainder were drawn. It was little wonder Graeme Smith said in his final press conference as a player, and captain, that Australia had "deserved the series win".
He went on to note the toss in Cape Town and injury to Steyn in the last Test and the illness he played with in the first. He need not have bothered.
Despite Mark Taylor's claim that the Australians' triumph in South Africa entitles them to be considered the world's best team, by virtue of beating the No.1 side on its own patch, that title is not official. After all, South Africa was just 27 balls away from drawing the series. But given the way Australia's stars are thriving, Michael Clarke's team is is heading in the right direction.


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We serve a diverse account base that includes retail, bakeries, institutions, producers and buying clubs. Our retail customers are an eclectic mix of traditional natural foods stores, specialty/gourmet, farm stands, country stores, restaurants, bakeries and independent markets with a crossover blend of ethnic, natural, organic, regional specialties and gourmet foods. Food service and institutional accounts are a growing segment of our business. These accounts include colleges/schools, health spas, retreat/conference centers, seasonal camps, bakeries, cafes/delis and producers.
For additional information, please use our contact form
Advantages of ordering from Associated Buyers are:
Many of our 8,500 products are sold by the piece so you can stretch your
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No, we're not asking for your favorite coaster or ride.
Not even your favorite flavor of fudge.
Or your favorite HoliDazzle.
This is a question from our Entertainment Director, Sandi Fortune. (Normally I don't include last names, but just for fun try saying her name more formally. Ms. Fortune. Say it again. It makes me laugh. I know; I'm immature sometimes.)
Anyway, Sandi is working on next season's musical shows and she'd like to pose this question:
What is your favorite song?
Simple as that. Please keep in mind that we're squeaky clean, so perhaps we should ask, What is your favorite song that would be performable in a Holiday World show?
My favorite?
You Got To Me.
By Neil Diamond.
Please click the Comments link, below, and give us your favorite.
And remember, yours truly controls the "accept" and "reject" buttons for comments on this blog, so if you care to take issue with the brilliance of Mr. Neil Diamond, think again.


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Early Amer. Coppers, Medals & Tokens, Key Date Coins, Certified U.S. Coins, Special Events, Bullion, Gold Coins, Commemoratives and Type Coins in Massachusetts
Northeast Numismatics
Business Contact: Chris Clements
in World Coins, U.S. Coins, Proof/Mint Sets, Paper Money, Medals & Tokens, Key Date Coins, Errors, Commemoratives, Colonials, Collector Supplies, Certified U.S. Coins, Bullion, Appraisals, Buy & Sell, Ancient Coins
Tom Caldwell founded Northeast Numismatics over 50 years ago. In the years that have elapsed since 1964, Tom has proven his expertise in every area of US coinage, from rare colonials and patterns to high grade proof type and gold.
100 Main St
Ste 330
Concord, Massachusetts 01742
United States
(800) 449-2646
Fax: (978) 369-9619
Elizabeth Coggan Numismatics, LLC
Business Contact: Elizabeth Coggan Numismatics, LLC
in Type Coins, World Coins, U.S. Coins, Silver Coins, Silver Bullion, Paper Money, Key Date Coins, Gold Coins, Gold Bullion, Early Amer. Coppers, Certified U.S. Coins, Appraisals, Buy & Sell
We help collectors to build their coin collections through finding coins on their want list. We also assist with the appraisal and sale of collections, estates and individual coins, paper money, gold and silver bullion.
P.O. Box 194
North Easton, Massachusetts 02356
United States


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optometrists, eye doctors, pediatric eye care, pre-school or preschool eye examinations, Back to School eye exams, vision care, screenings, eye exercises, vision training, visual therapyMullica Hill, Philadephia, PA, Cherry Hill, Camden, Glassboro, Pennsylvania, New Jersey
Member, Optometrists Network & Find an Eye Doctor. Publisher of What is Lazy Eye?, What is Vision Therapy?, and many other Eye Care and Visual Health Patient Education Web Sites.
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The Energy and Water Ombudsman receives and resolves complaints about electricity, gas and water services providers. Our services are free.
The Energy and Water Ombudsman is Chris Field.
If you are a residential or small business electricity or gas customer and you have a complaint, first try to resolve it with your electricity or gas provider. Anyone can make a complaint about a water service provider. If you have a complaint about a water service provider, contact them first to try and resolve it.
If your complaint is still unresolved, you may contact the Energy and Water Ombudsman for assistance. See Make a complaint for more information.
Click on the links below to view our Information Sheet in community languages.
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OTTAWA — Glacier monitoring conducted by the federal government in Canada's High Arctic shows the shrinking of ice caps that started in the late 1980s "has accelerated rapidly since 2005" and is part of a "strongly negative trend," according to internal government documents.
The federal government data raise a number of questions about climate change in Canada's North and what the melting ice caps mean for the country's economy and environment in the future.
A memo requested by the deputy minister of Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) — and obtained by Postmedia News under access-to-information legislation — highlights what the federal government acknowledges are rapidly melting ice caps in Canada's Arctic over the last nine years.
The data were obtained through NRCan's Climate Change Geoscience Program, which monitors annual glacier mass fluctuations and sea level changes at sites across the Canadian High Arctic.
The federal government maintains glacier monitoring sites in the Canadian High Arctic for four ice caps: Devon, Meighen, Melville and Agassiz.
"Glacier monitoring conducted by the Earth Sciences Sector (ESS) in Canada's High Arctic indicates that shrinking of ice caps started in the late 1980s, and has accelerated rapidly since 2005," says an October 2013 memo to NRCan's deputy minister, who reports to federal Natural Resources Minister Joe Oliver.
Preliminary data and observations — including on Arctic sea-ice coverage, upper atmospheric temperatures and field camp observations — indicate 2013 was cooler than the recent trend.
While the ice melt in 2013 doesn't appear as bad as recent years, "it does not significantly alter the strongly negative trend observed since 2005 for this region," say the briefing materials.
David Burgess, research scientist and glaciologist with Natural Resources Canada, explained that since 2005 there has been a persistent high-pressure system over Greenland, which has acted to draw in more warm air from southerly latitudes and contributed to a warming High Arctic.
This same kind of system didn't develop in 2013, which may explain the cooler temperatures last summer, he said.
Federal data show the Devon ice cap's northwest sector has lost 1.6 per cent of its mass since the 1960s, the Meighen approximately 11 per cent of its mass and the Melville about 13 per cent, he said. However, approximately 30 to 40 per cent of the ice mass lost has happened since 2005.
"Since 2005 it has enhanced quite significantly," Burgess said in an interview.
The main consequence of shrinking Arctic ice caps is increasing sea levels, he said, which can impact Canadian coastlines depending on their resiliency to erosion and inundation.
Green Party Leader Elizabeth May, a former senior policy adviser to the federal environment minister in the Mulroney government, said the federal information on melting ice caps is "very troubling" but also not surprising because other international data have reached similar conclusions.
All Canadians should be concerned about climate change in the Arctic, she said. Along with directly impacting Inuit hunting, melting Arctic ice also will contribute to more extreme weather events in Canada such as droughts and flooding, she said.
"What's shocking is that the internal documents reflect this information. The government of Canada can't claim it doesn't know or isn't being warned, doesn't understand that we are rapidly losing ice in the Arctic," May said.
"Yet, it (federal government) is basically in a state of willful blindness to a major threat to the future of the country."
Canada signed onto the Copenhagen Accord in 2009 and committed to reduce the country's greenhouse gas emissions to 17 per cent below 2005 levels by 2020. However, Environment Canada's latest emissions trends report released last fall projects Canada will slowly drift away from that target as the economy grows, unless more is done to reduce emissions.
Greenhouse gas emissions from the oilsands, the fastest growing source of carbon pollution in Canada, increased approximately 62 per cent between 2005 and 2011, to 55 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent emissions, from 34 million tonnes.
Oilsands emissions are projected to nearly triple between 2005 and 2020, to 101 million tonnes, according to Environment Canada.
Since coming to power in 2006, the Harper government has repeatedly promised to introduce greenhouse gas regulations for the oil and gas sector. However, Prime Minister Stephen Harper and successive environment ministers have repeatedly delayed those rules.
The data from Natural Resources Canada on melting ice caps support what other international assessments have concluded in recent months.
Data compiled by the National Snow and Ice Data Center, based at the University of Colorado Boulder, revealed that summer Arctic sea ice in 2013 was more than one million square kilometres below the average observed between 1981 and 2010.
Also, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reported in fall 2013 that "human influence has been detected" in the warming of the atmosphere and ocean, reductions in snow and ice, in global mean sea level rise as well as changes in some climate extremes.
The report, approved by most governments around the world, including the Conservative government, concluded human activity — largely through greenhouse gases released from the consumption of fossil fuels as well as deforestation and other land-use changes — had "very likely contributed to Arctic sea ice loss since 1979."


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17 Web Design Trends To Watch in 2017
It's time to look ahead and predict how the web will evolve over the next 12 months. What trends should you be aware of, and how should you adapt your skills to stay ahead of the curve in web design and development in 2017?
In 2016, flat design became a standard — partly thanks to Google's Material Design visual language — cinemagraphs continued their rise to add subtle motion to photos, responsive design finally become mandatory, and progressive web apps that can run offline became the next big thing.
What does 2017 have in store for us? We asked the industry's experts for their views of the future.
1. Conversational interfaces
Chatbots and conversational interfaces really took off in 2016.
Andy Budd, co-founder and CEO of Clearleft, thinks that although the rise of chatbots, voice UIs, and smart assistants will continue, it won't last.
"At the moment, all these technologies are racing towards the 'peak of inflated expectations,' and will find themselves in the 'trough of disillusionment' for many early adopters by the middle of this year," Budd explains.
Peter Smart, head of UX and product strategy at Fantasy, reckons that interfaces will become more human but adds we still have a long way to go.
"Increasingly intelligent conversational bots, including the likes of Zo and Xiaoice, will begin to leave the confines of messaging apps and permeate web experiences," he explains. "Expect to see them first as smart assistants in ecommerce experiences. While likely to have the usefulness of Microsoft's Clippy for the near future, the era of empathic web continues to draw near."
2. Machine learning
Lily Dart, service designer and head of digital design at the Department for International Trade in the UK, predicts that in 2017, we'll see the rise of machine learning in everyday apps.
"In the last year, the clients I work with are being approached by more and more start-ups claiming to be able to solve their biggest issues through machine learning," she explains. "Most of them have half-baked algorithms they're looking to test, but it's clear that the industry has been bitten by the machine learning bug."
"A few high profile apps have begun to show us the possibilities; the most notable being Spotify and their Discover Weekly feature. Spotify has proven how good machine learning can dramatically increase the stickiness of your product — now it's time for everyone else to catch up."
Fantasy's Peter Smart, meanwhile, thinks that machine learning will also drive a dynamic real-time web.
"What does your Amazon homepage look like?" he asks. "It's oddly personalized. Yet, we've come to expect this level of smart personalization. The next step for these CRM powered technologies is real-time. In 2017, we will see the first instances of this technology changing, not just the products you see, but entire components of a user's experience as algorithms multi-variant test layouts to discover the presentations that inspire most user action."
3. Emotionally intelligent design
Pamela Pavliscak, a design researcher, data scientist, and founder of Change Sciences agrees that in 2017 we'll see a turn towards emotionally intelligent design.
"The human-machine relationship is more emotional than rational, yet we practice emotional design narrowly," she argues. "Emotional design has come to mean humanizing technology with cute animal mascots and eternally chipper chatbots. Or, it means driving engagement with delightful and variable rewards that keep us clicking. Rather than cultivating positive emotion, more often than not we've ended up making people feel addicted. So, it's time to revisit our ideas about emotional design."
"Emotion-sensing technology will be a source of experimentation, but even more so, a source of inspiration," Pavliscak continues. "It nudges us to redefine emotional design. Right now apps and chatbots don't know whether you are having a good day or a bad day, whether you are running up against a big deadline or are about to leave for a long weekend, whether you spent the last hour laughing with close friends or arguing with your spouse. They might be engaging or even delightful, but they lack emotional intelligence. Whether we start to really use emotion-sensing technology or not, even considering emotion as context rather than destination, as nuanced and mutable rather than one-dimensional, is a step toward emotional intelligence. My hope is to see more design that respects human emotion rather than exploits it in the coming year."
For more on emotional intelligence, read Peter Smart's research on the future of the web, and watch his presentation from Generate San Francisco 2016.
4. Virtual reality
VR finally went mainstream in 2016 and can now be experienced in the browser.
"I'm really interested to see how virtual reality's popularity grows and how designers adapt to it," enthuses Kyle Fiedler, chief design officer at thoughtbot. "It's been wild to see something that was on the fringe gaining fast momentum. It's in Samsung commercials now!"
Andy Budd, however, thinks it's another fad.
"Virtual Reality is on a similar path to conversational interfaces, although moving slightly slower and tracking six months behind," he argues. "The UI challenges with VR are both more complex and more easy to understand than conversational interfaces, as the medium and matter are closer to what we know. As such, I'm expecting a lot more VR/AR froth in early 2017 off the back of the HoloLens launch, reaching the 'peak of inflated expectations' if Magic Leap ever actually appears."
To find out more about the user experience of VR, read Laura Cortes' article or check out Max Glenister's curated list of resources.
5. Location and context awareness
"One of the things that sets mobile devices apart is the way they travel with users — and their ability to understand the location and context around them," says Kevin Ball, engineering lead for ZURB Foundation.
"Those capabilities are increasingly exposed to websites, and we believe that a huge area of coming innovation will be in making websites more responsive to the environments around them. Especially with the growth of the Internet of Things, the opportunity is tremendous — imagine loading a website and immediately seeing reviews and pricing comparisons for all of the internet-enabled devices near you, without having to search or install an application. Or imagine a website that uses some combination of the Media Streams API(streaming video from your camera), the Geo Location API, and Mozilla's WebVR library A-frame, to serve you an augmented version of reality, once again without ever installing an app."
6. Micro-interactions
Kevin Ball also thinks that in 2017 micro-interactions will increasingly enter mobile apps, and become a lot more device-specific.
"Mobile-first design has been focused on layout," he explains. "Things like stacking columns and layering in less important items as screen real-estate grows — with complex interactions and animations reserved for the desktop. As mobile traffic continues its meteoric rise and mobile web tooling matures, there is a ton of opportunity to take advantage of the native paradigms of different devices for mobile-focused interactions."
Karl Randay, design principal at 383, agrees and says that micro-interactions will be used to increase simplicity in digital experiences. "Micro-interactions are simple, single-use moments that perform a basic function," he explains. "Like adjusting a particular setting or controlling a single feature: hitting 'like', for instance, or pulling down to refresh."
"When paired with simple gestures and subtle, visual feedback we barely notice we're performing them. They become part of the natural way we interact with our products and services, a powerful way to build habits with users while also providing surprise and delight. They can be the difference between an experience you just interact with, and an experience you love. Instagram Stories does this nicely, with the subtle page resistance when refreshing, or when liking or holding for emoticons."
7. Colors
Web developer and Shopify Expert Kelly Vaughn thinks 2017 will be "a year of going against the design grain" — or, as her designer Sarah Hutto puts it, "year of the funky."
Vaughn therefore expects to see bold, bright colors and gradients making a comeback. However, keep your (client's) target audience in mind.
"Do they respond well to bold and bright colors, or are they more drawn to a toned down palette?"
Pantone has crowned Greenery the color of the year 2017, as it's refreshing and revitalizing, so that may be a good starting point if it fits your brand and audience. To get a better understanding of how effective ecommerce sites use colors, check out these 10 beautiful color schemes and also dig into Canva's color theory article.
8. Cohesive experiences
Kyle Fielder reckons that 2016 will be the year we start to think about cohesive experiences.
"From my phone, to my watch, to desktop, tablet, and VR. This year, we'll continue to iterate on how, where, and on what device people will be using the software we build."
To find out how to create a unified, consistent user experience, regardless of where the digital experience begins, continues, and ends, check out Cameron Moll's keynote on unified UX at Generate New York 2016.
9. Even more JavaScript!
"JavaScript, JavaScript, JavaScript. This has been a trend for a few years now but 2016 saw a lot of change, and I think 2017 will be filled with people being caught up to speed," says designer and developer Wes Bos. Bos created a range of excellent JavaScript training courses, including ES6.io, ReactForBeginners.com, and a free vanilla JavaScript 30-day challenge.
"We saw ES6 start to become commonplace. Vanilla JS is slowly taking a foothold over jQuery. React.js, Vue, and Angular are starting to becoming more commonplace. I hope to see tooling become a little easier to use — the folks from Webpack know this is an issue and are working on how to solve it. My advice would be to hunker down on vanilla JavaScript — get really good at it, and whatever JavaScript framework or library comes at you, you'll feel confident learning it."
Kyle Fiedler agrees, and adds that everywhere he goes people are talking about React and React Native.
"I'm really interested to see if they can maintain this energy and popularity. It would mean that it could be faster to build for a wide variety of devices and platforms, which puts more emphasis on design to create those cohesive experiences."
You might also like: Using JavaScript To Super Power Your Client's Shopify Site.
10. Designed failure
We've seen a lot of talk in product design circles about journey mapping, and understanding the ideal user journey.
"But what happens when the non-ideal user journey is experienced?" Karl Randay asks. "Or a user that hasn't been considered, tries to interact with your product or service?"
"Using a process similar to how we map the ideal user journey, designed failure allows us to build a better understanding of situations where a user may try to use something 'wrong,' or attempt something that hasn't been factored into the design of the experience. By building an understanding of worst case scenarios and potential for failure, we can model and attempt to course correct through the idea of 'graceful failure,' bringing a positive experience and humanized response to an otherwise awkward moment for any user. A really simple example of this is using humanized responses for content that no longer exists, or even providing suggestions for content when a specific search returns nothing (instead of the ubiquitous 404 or an empty list). Slack does this nicely; if you've half-written a message to someone but leave, you get a little pencil icon telling you that you're not quite finished."
For more on this, read Eric Meyer and Sara Wachter-Boettcher's excellent book, Design for Real Life.
11. Design sprints
In 2016, design sprints became increasingly popular among product teams. Championed by GV(Google Ventures), they were soon adapted by design teams all over the world to improve their projects. Also check out Skyscanner's sprint and 383's ten minute guide to design sprints.
"I'm betting that the more designers run design sprints, the more they're going to realize that they need more information going into them," muses thoughtbot's Kyle Fiedler. "Research will start to be at the forefront of the design process and influence more and more products."
And if you want to discover how to run design *and* content sprints, don't miss Steve Fisher's workshop at both Generate New York, and his own Design & Content conference in Vancouver this year.
12. Better collaboration across design and development
As well as working together on design sprints, designers and developers will improve collaboration thanks to the software they use.
"Designer's toolboxes will continue to mature," predicts Fantasy's Peter Smart. "Gone are the days of Adobe's reign. In 2017, with better prototyping tools from InVision, Webflow, Figma, and many others, we'll see designers and developers breaking out of silos to develop a greater shared understanding, and dramatically increased workflow speed."
Dylan Field, CEO and co-founder of Figma agrees.
"Design and engineering are merging," he says. "Today, designers mostly create 2D drawings that represent static slices of a richer experience. These drawings disregard additional dimensions like state, context, and motion. While the best designers will use whatever tools are necessary to work across these other dimensions, creating great digital products for global audiences currently requires much more work than it should.
"We are starting to see designers pick up principles from engineering to increase their own efficiency, explore the endless possibilities screens provide, and create more consistent experiences. As tools make it easier for organizations to create shared design systems, this leads to a more streamlined workflow, and greater collaboration across design and engineering."
13. Merging of UX and service design
"My big bet for 2017 is the eventual coming together of UX Design and Service Design," says Andy Budd. "For many years these related disciplines have had understandably different markets and communities of practice. However, as more and more services are delivered digitally, and as more and more digital products use service as the connective tissues, these two fields will start to merge."
14. Facebook and Google as destinations for content
In 2017, Facebook and Google will become even more important for the consumption of content, reckons Andrew Turrell, director of user experience at RED Interactive Agency.
"Facebook and Google have links open in their own article formats, Instant Articles, and AMP pages,cementing their place as destinations for content, not just jumping off points," he argues. "They are setting standards for fast loading speed and minimal UI. In 2017, content sites will work harder to align to these new standards."
15. Credibility becomes king
As millions of pieces of content are created per minute, how do you know who (and what) to trust?
Experience designer Benjamin Evans points to the 2016 presidential election cycle in the US, which proved that lies spread (and can be believed) faster than the truth.
"The Facebook echo chamber has become our global newspaper," he says. "According to a study by Stanford University, a high percentage of 'digital natives' cannot distinguish between facts or fiction on their newsfeeds. With journalistic standards being undermined by the ever-pressing need for clicks, those of us who create media are struggling to figure out how to regain and keep the public's trust. Although Google and Facebook have (finally) begun testing fact-checking features that help users discern fact from fiction, the responsibility falls to us as designers to find and embrace new and interesting ways to communicate credibility, safety, and trust online."
How can we action this? Evans cites a 1999 article by Jakob Nielsen that listed numerous ways a website can communicate trustworthiness. He believe the way forward is to see how far we can push these tenets:
- Design quality: "Tomorrow's designs will embrace an MLP — Minimum Lovable Product — experience as a way to communicate the credibility needed to convert visitors into customers."
- Radical Transparency: "The more transparent designers are — from attribution of stock photos to colophons for content — the more likely we are to trust them as legitimate. Involving your users at more points of the design process is a great way to build ongoing trust."
- Comprehensive context: "We're going to see more prominence given to sources and a greater level of transparency surrounding information presented, so that users gain a deeper context of the content they're engaging with."
16. Mass disruption to foundational Internet services
Peter Smart thinks that 2016's DDoS attacks, which resulted in major service blackouts for the likes of Twitter, Netflix, and Spotify, were just the beginning.
"We will continue to see agents targeting core parts of the Internet's infrastructure with increasing frequency, resulting in disruption to our daily dependencies on the web," he fears. Security and offline apps are therefore becoming more important than ever.
17. The rise of the diversity designer
"From mishaps like Snapchat's racist filters, to the brilliant inclusiveness of Unicode's new gendered emojis, 2016 was the year that diversity in design finally stepped onto the centre stage," explains Benjamin Evans, who is collaborating with a number of designers to create an inclusion framework at Belong.
He hopes that 2017 will bring an even bigger push towards inclusivity in the creative and tech communities, and that designers will empathize more with a greater range of perspectives.
"The key is to make inclusive thinking part of your design process," he recommends. "Go searching for ideas, thoughts, and opinions that differ from your own, ask the right questions and — most importantly — listen to the answers. There is no magic bullet, but empathy is the perfect starting point."
Also check out Emi Kolawole's 'Designing for Worldview' toolkit.


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The Transportation Of Place
Out of stock
Drawing on a rich visual vocabulary gleaned from travel brochures, postcards, and National Geographic and the photography of Walker Evans, Edward Curtis, and Stephen Shore to surreal nonfictions, using documentary images to examine contradictions of place and cultural identity.
In the words of the artists, "Whether the subject is Germany in Africa, Germans dressing as Native Americans, American towns dressed as Germany, New York in Las Vegas, New York in Cuba, or Cuba in exile, our interest tends to be a place out of place with its various causes and consequences."
What are the larger implications of "ideological passing," when one culture assumes the skin of another? And what role can photography play as a document in context where cultural signification is entirely fluid? Curator and author Maurice Berger examines Robbins and Becher's in terms of race and identity, but also of Surrealism. Lucy Lippard discusses the development of the husband-and-wife team's work together, looking at the ideas of location, landscape, and manufactured place.
U.S.-born Andrea Robbins and German Max Becher both received BFAs from Cooper Union. They have have had numerous solo and group exhibitions at major international venues, and their work is in major collections such as the International Center of Photography, the Whitney Museum of American Art, the Guggenheim, the Jewish Museum, and the Maison Européenne de la Photographie in Paris.
Photographs by Andrea Robbins and Mex Becher
Essays by Maurice Berger and Lucy Lippard
11 3/4 x 10 inches
156 pages
130 four-color pages
Spring 2006


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Good resources to make the most of your WordPress blog
Be it about your travels, your creative recipes, world news, or even the life of your pet hamster—the great thing about having a blog is that you have the chance to talk about anything you like. When people want to create a new blog or magazine, WordPress is often the preferred choice for a number of reasons. Primarily its intuitiveness and simple interface, and the fact that you can get started very quickly. Plus, it's a powerful content management system with enough tools to handle from the simplest blog to complex news and editorial sites. Need evidence? Here's a few names of big news websites powered by WordPress: The Wall Street Journal, Forbes, Reuters, CNN.
And of course, WordPress is the world's most popular tool for blogging and managing editorial content for another reason: it's highly customizable. There are loads of plugins and scripts that you can install to improve your blog, from professional SEO features to social media sharing and comment handling tools. Plus, with WordPress blog themes you can give your online journal or magazine a unique look without spending too much time on designing it. This is particularly useful if you're opening your blog as a side project, or if you're too busy, or if your design skills are not quite as amazing as your writing skills!
Let's take a closer look at a few resources that may help you along the way.
- The 10-part course Build a Profitable Authority Blog gives a great overview of what's involved not only in creating a good blog, but also in making it successful. Instructor Tom Ewer covers everything from the best WordPress plugins you'll need to the basics of branding.
- If your blog will be part of your company's content marketing strategy, you may find the tutorial How to Start a Blog for Your Business quite useful. Among other things, Rachel McCollin talks about the importance of editorial calendars and recommends this free plugin to create one. If you're looking for something different, check out the tutorial Set up an Editorial Calendar for Your Blog with Asana.
- Yes, we said content marketing! Don't know much about it? Not to worry. This Tuts+ article What is content marketing? will give you a good idea of what we're talking about. You can also learn more about how to measure your ROI with Content Marketing Metrics.
- In this Quick Guide to Custom Fields and Post Metadata you'll learn how to handle metadata and why they are important when it comes to taxonomy and content structure.
- There's plenty of themes to choose from in our collection, but you can check out a run-through the 20 Best WordPress Magazine Themes and get started even more quickly.
- Last but not least, let's talk about the actual content! People consume written content on the internet every day, and you probably know it's not easy to catch users' attention. The topics you choose for your blog need to be engaging and interesting. That's a fact. But without good writing—you're not going anywhere. We recommend the e-book How to Write Great Copy for the Web by Donna Spencer, and remind you that you can hire freelance bloggers and editors on Envato Studio!


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David Meyer recently published a .NET class library that enables duck typing (also sometimes incorrectly described as Latent Typing as Ian Griffiths explains in his campaign to disabuse that notion) for .NET languages.
The term duck typing is popularly explained by the phrase
If it walks like a duck and quacks like a duck, it must be a duck.
For most dynamic languages, this phrase is slightly inaccurate in describing duck typing. To understand why, let's take a quick look at what duck typing is about.
Duck Typing Explained
Duck typing allows an object to be passed in to a method that expects a certain type even if it doesn't inherit from that type. All it has to do is support the methods and properties of the expected type in use by the method.
I emphasize that last phrase for a reason. Suppose we have a method that takes in a duck instance, and another method that takes in a rabbit instance. In a dynamically typed language that supports duck typing, I can pass in my object to the first method as long as my object supports the methods and properties of duck in use by that method. Likewise, I can pass my object into the second method as long as it supports the methods and properties of rabbit called by the second method. Is my object a duck or is it a rabbit? Like the above image, it's neither and it's both.
In many (if not most) dynamic languages, my object does not have to support all methods and properties of duck to be passed into a method that expects a duck. Same goes for a method that expects a rabbit. It only needs to support the methods and properties of the expected type that are actually called by the method.
The Static Typed Backlash
Naturally, static typing proponents have formed a backlash against dynamic typing, claming that all hell will break loose when you give up static typing. A common reaction (and I paraphrase) to David's duck typing project goes something like
Give me static types or give me death!
Now I love compiler checking as much as the next guy, but I don't understand this attitude of completely dismissing a style of programming that so many are fawning over.
Well, actually I do understand...kinda. So many programmers were burned by their days of programming C (among other languages) and its type unsafety which caused many stupid runtime errors that it's been drilled into their heads that static types are good, just, and the American way.
And for the most part, it's true, but making this an absolute starts to smell like the monkey cage experiment in that we ignore changes in software languages and tooling that might challenge the original reasons we use static types because we've done it this way for so long.
I think Bruce Eckel's thoughts on challenging preconceived notions surrounding dynamic languages are spot on (emphasis mine).
What I'm trying to get to is that in my experience there's a balance between the value of strong static typing and the resulting impact that it makes on your productivity. The argument that "strong static is obviously better" is generally made by folks who haven't had the experience of being dramatically more productive in an alternative language. When you have this experience, you see that the overhead of strong static typing isn't always beneficial, because sometimes it slows you down enough that it ends up having a big impact on productivity.
The key point here is that static typing doesn't come without a cost. And that cost has to be weighed on a case by case basis against the benefits of dynamic languages.
C# has used duck typing for a long time
Interestingly enough, certain features of C# already use duck typing. For example, to allow an object to be enumerated via the C# foreach operator, the object only needs to implement a set of methods as Krzystof Cwalina of Microsoft points out in this post...
Provide a public method GetEnumerator that takes no parameters and returns a type that has two members: a) a method MoveNext that takes no parameters and return a Boolean, and b) a property Current with a getter that returns an Object.
You don't have to implement an interface to make your object enumerable via the foreach operator.
A Very Useful Use Case For When You Might Use Duck Typing
If you've followed my blog at all, you know that I've gone through all sorts of contortions to try and mock the HttpContext object via the HttpSimulator class. The problem is that I can't use a mock framework because HttpContext is a sealed class and it doesn't implement an interface that is useful to me.
Not only that, but the properties of HttpContext I'm interested in (such as Request and Response) are sealed classes (HttpRequest and HttpResponse respectively). This makes it awful challenging to mock these objects for testing. More importantly, it makes it hard to switch to a different type of context should I want to reuse a class in a different context such as the command line. Code that uses these classes have a strong dependency on these classes and I'd prefer looser coupling to the System.Web assembly.
The common approach to breaking this dependency is to create your own IContext interface and then create another class that implements that interface and essentially forwards method calls to an internal private instance of the actual HttpContext. This is effectively a combination of the composition and adapter pattern.
The problem for me is this is a lot more code to maintain just to get around the constraints caused by static typing. Is all this additional code worth the headache?
With the .NET Duck Typing class, I can reduce the code by a bit. Here's some code that demonstrates. First I create interfaces with the properties I'm interested. In order to keep this sample short, I'm choosing two interfaces each with one property..
public interface IHttpContext
IHttpRequest Request { get;}
public interface IHttpRequest
Uri Url { get;}
Now suppose my code had a method that expects an HttpContext to be passed in, thus tightly coupling our code to HttpContext. We can break that dependency by changing that method to take in an instance of the interface we created, IHttpContext, instead.
public void MyMethod(IHttpContext context)
The caller of MyMethod can now pass in the real HttpContext to this method like so...
IHttpContext context = DuckTyping.Cast<IHttpContext>(HttpContext.Current);
What's great about this is that the code that contains the MyMethod method is no longer tightly coupled to the System.Web code and does not need to reference that assembly. Also, I didn't have to write a class that implements the IHttpContext interface and wraps and forwards calls to the private HttpContext instance, saving me a lot of typing (no pun intended).
Should I decide at a later point to pass in a custom implementation of IHttpContext rather than the one in System.Web, I now have that option.
Yet another benefit is that I can now test MyMethod using a mock framework such as RhinoMocks like so...
MockRepository mocks = new MockRepository();
IHttpContext mockContext;
using (mocks.Record())
mockContext = mocks.DynamicMock<IHttpContext>();
IHttpRequest request = mocks.DynamicMock<IHttpRequest>();
SetupResult.For(request.Url).Return(new Uri("http://haacked.com/"));
using (mocks.Playback())
You might wonder if I can go the opposite direction. Can I write my own version of HttpContext and using duck typing cast it to HttpContext? I tried that and it didn't work. I believe that's because HttpContext is a sealed class and I think the Duck Typing Project generates a dynamic proxy that inherits from the type you pass in. Since we can't inherit from a sealed class, we can't simply cast a compatible type to HttpContext. The above examples work because we're duck type casting to an interface.
With C#, if you need a class you're writing to act like both a duck and a rabbit, it makes sense to implement those interfaces. But sometimes you need a class you didn't write and cannot change (such as the Base Class Libraries) to act like a duck. In that case, this duck typing framework is a useful tool in your toolbox.
Source: http://haacked.com/a(...)-c-developers.aspx
Author: Phil Haack
License: Creative Commons


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News & Notes: Game 13
Follow the Herd:
Listen to the Game Live: CLICK HERE!
Bisons Baseball Network: CLICK HERE!
Email the Broadcast Team: CLICK HERE!
Everything about the Herd: CLICK HERE!
Get to a Bisons Game: CLICK HERE!
TODAY'S GAME: Tonight, the Buffalo Bisons take on Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees in the final game of a two-game series from PNC Field (7:05 p.m.). The Herd is looking for the sweep of the two games after defeating the Yanks last night, 7-3. The Bisons are now 1-3 on their rain-shortened five-game roadtrip that ends today. After an off-day on Thursday, the Bisons will open up a four-game series against the Syracuse Chiefs back at Coca-Cola Field.
HERE'S FREDDY: RHP Freddy Garcia makes his 2009 debut today. The two-time American League All-Star missed most of last season recovering from labrum surgery on his right shoulder. Garcia has a career major league record of 118-77 with a 4.07ERA in 266 games. He won 13 or more games in seven seasons, including an 18-6 record with Seattle in 2001. That year, he led the American League with a 3.05ERA.
IN THE CLUTCH: Four of the Bisons seven runs last night came with two outs. OF Fernando Martinez got the Herd on the board with a two-out, two-run single in the 3rd inning. INF Michel Abreu and OF Jason Cooper added insurance with back-to-back two-out RBI-singles in the 8th inning. As a team, Buffalo was 3-8 (.375) with runners in scoring position last night.
THE BIG THREE: Twenty of the Bisons 38 runs this year have been driven in by three players. INF Nick Evans and INF Michel Abreu both collected RBI last night to remain tied for the team lead with 7RBI on the season. OF Fernando Martinez knocked in three against the Yankees to give him 6RBI this year.
COOP-A-LOOP: OF Jason Cooper is approaching another team milestone. 'Coop drove in his first run of the year last night, giving him 223RBI in a Bisons uniform. He is now just 22RBI shy of Bill Selby's team record of 245. Cooper has hit in all three games since being activated with a .273 (3-11) average. His Bisons Modern Era record for games played is now at 413.
METS SIGN PENA: On Monday, the Mets signed OF Wily Mo Pena to a minor league contract. He is scheduled to report to extended spring training in Port St. Lucie before eventually joining the Herd. Pena batted .205 (40-195) with two homeruns and 10RBI in 64 games with the Nationals in 2008.


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Looks like race season, feels like race season, it must be race season!
Hope you all enjoyed a nice, long weekend if you were fortunate enough to have the day off work! Labor Day always sort of depresses me because it marks the near-end of summer. No more pool? No more tan? Boo. BUT, it marks the beginning of football, pumpkin beer, and cooler temps which I certainly agree with. It also means the beginning of race season, which typically runs from September to January. I kicked off this season with the Virginia Beach Rock 'n Roll half marathon on Sunday.
I headed down to the beach on Saturday afternoon. I was trying to avoid the insane crowds that this expo is known for, so I showed up about an hour before it closed. GENIUS. Worked like a charm. I didn't have to wait in any lines and even capitalized on some sweet freebees that vendors were basically throwing at me. All was fine and dandy until my race buddy Brook (who was supposed to meet me at the expo) called to tell me that they closed down one of the tunnels into VA beach and she was stuck. I ended up walking around the expo by myself (a new experience), and exploring nearly every booth to pass the time.
Why is everyone so obsessed with zombies these days? I blame the Walking Dead.
After a stressful hour in traffic, Brook made it to the expo with four whole minutes to spare. Phew! Most of the vendors were already packing up their booths, when they say the expo closes at 5pm, they mean it.
The rest of the weekend went much, much smoother. We spent the night at my brother's place who (conveniently) lives in Norfolk. He took us in for the night and fed us a full feast of chicken and pasta. Meanwhile, Brook and I chugged about 8 gallons of Gatorade and enjoyed some fitness wisdom via P.F. Changs fortune cookie:
Thanks P.F. Changs, so reassuring…
The next morning, we woke up bright and EARLY and headed back to the beach for the race. In previous years, I've had issues getting to the starting line on time. This year, by some miracle, we were at the starting line with 30 minutes to spare. It was perfect, we were able to grab some water and make a last minute porta-potty break. So clutch!
I started in Corral 3 and Brook was in 15, so we said goodbye at the start line. Corral 3 was crowded, but I knew I was in good company since these people were pacing at 1:45. I knew that was out of my wheelhouse, but I'd much prefer to be with runners going faster than to be weaving in and out of people. Check out how crowded this race gets:
Brook snapped this photo at the starting line.
I think I've figured out the reason I only run this race every other year. It's HUMID AS HELL. Apparently I run the race, sweat all the water out of my body, vow to never EVER run it ever again, then promptly forget that pledge every two years. What a vicious cycle.
This year was the worst in terms of heat. It was 80 degrees by 7am and already about 1000% humidity. I started sweating before the race even started and didn't stop until 2 hours post-race. I sweat through 2 shirts and 2 pairs of pants. Impressive, no? Who knew the human body could even hold so much water!
Typically, I can make it to at least mile 4 without stopping for water. Not this time. I grabbed something at every. single. station. Sometimes I would chug a Gatorade, chase it with water, and then grab another one to pour over my head. It was that hot. People were so drenched with sweat that I could feel them dripping on me as I tried to pass by. One lady's clothes were a little too baggy and so weighed down with sweat that she kept losing her pants every time she'd pick up speed. Hilarious, but unfortunate.
That being said, I think I would have absolutely crushed this race had it not been so freaking hot.
Marathon training is really starting to show improvements in my running. I was well under two hours and my body felt great. Besides sweating a ton, I didn't feel fatigued at all and probably could have run all day! That's weird, I know. I wasn't even sore after, wtf (in a good way). I was pretty stoked with my time and how well my body performed considering the conditions. It makes me very hopeful for a good result come October!
Post-race, I had time to spare while I waited for Brook to finish up, so I soaked my feet in the ocean and hung around the finisher's party.
Once Brook finished up, we hung out for a bit and indulged in one of these:
The plan was to come back for the post-race concert with Train. But the show didn't start until 9pm and a shower, nap, and food sounded far more appealing so we bailed.
Overall, I'd give the race this rating:
Too hot, but nothing you can do about that. The local bands are fun, and the atmosphere is super laid back and cool. It's well organized, but too big. My one qualm about the race course? The finish. You enter the boardwalk able to SEE the finish line, but you don't actually reach it for another mile or so. It's like you're running, running, running but it's not getting any closer. Agonizing!
Will I run it again? Probably in two years.


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Notre Dame Drops Charges Against Obama Protesters
Two years after the pro-abortion president was honored at the university, members of the 'ND 88' will no longer be barred from campus. Here's what they had to promise in return.
SOUTH BEND, Ind. — Two years have passed since President Barack Obama's controversial appearance at the University of Notre Dame. The university's decision to invite the pro-abortion president to speak at the 2009 commencement exercises and receive an honorary doctorate was met with protests from a number of bishops. And people came to northern Indiana from all over and held rallies on and off campus. Nearly 90 protesters were arrested for trespassing.
Now, at the behest of Notre Dame, Saint Joseph County, Ind., prosecutor Michael Dvorak has dropped the charges against the "ND 88," as the group of protesters has come to be known (one has since died).
The defendants and Notre Dame moved to settle their differences by means of an "Agreement Not to Sue," which included two press releases to be issued once the prosecutor officially dropped the charges. That happened May 5.
The agreement states that it was during the course of discovery proceedings where Notre Dame officials were subpoenaed by the ND 88's counsel that prospects of reconciliation were discussed.
The final agreement was not the first attempted. Key ND 88 figures could not sign the first draft in good conscience and pushed for changes, which Notre Dame accepted.
The university agreed to rescind and cancel all trespass notices, which means the defendants can now visit the campus in the future. The defendants agreed to not sue the university. The ND 88 and their counsel have stated they believe they had clearly identifiable civil claims against the university and the county, including violations of their civil rights (freedom of speech, religion and association) pursuant to 42 U.S.C. Section 1983 (and Indiana's Constitution), as well as state law claims for false arrest, false imprisonment and malicious prosecution. They never filed any charges, however.
Technically, it was not in the power of Notre Dame to drop the charges. However, the prosecutor had little reason not to honor their request, and it relieves the legal system of time-consuming and costly jury trials. The agreement affirms that it is "not an admission of any liability or wrongdoing by any of the parties."
In his May 5 press release, Notre Dame's president, Holy Cross Father John Jenkins, wrote that he was "sincerely pleased" that the charges have been dismissed.
"From the start, everyone involved in this difficult matter has been in complete accord on the sanctity of human life, and we all remain committed to continuing our work to support life from conception to natural death," Father Jenkins stated.
The Thomas More Society, which had defended most of the 88, simultaneously issued its own press release.
"This is a big step forward and a victory for the pro-life cause," said Tom Brejcha, president and chief counsel of the society. Brejcha praised Father Jenkins for his attendance at the March for Life in Washington, in 2010 and 2011 and for "the creation of new and significant pro-life initiatives on campus."
The Thomas More Society statement noted that "those who share pro-life convictions may differ on tactics and approaches, but they best serve their sacred cause when they work together to secure the common good for all human beings, born and unborn alike, rather than carrying on as courtroom antagonists. … The parties remain in profound disagreement over the 2009 Commencement, but after prayerful consideration, they have decided to put their differences behind them, to cease battling in court, and rather to affirm a commitment to the fundamental proposition that each and every human life is sacred, from conception until natural death."
While it remains to be seen whether Notre Dame will again honor a prominent outspoken supporter of the legalized killing of children in the womb, it is clear that the university has significantly strengthened its support for the right to life. Notre Dame spokesman Dennis Brown detailed various steps the university has taken to strengthen its pro-life commitment. These moves include participation by Father Jenkins in the annual March for Life in both 2010 and 2011, the creation of an institutional statement affirming the university's commitment to the defense of human life in all its stages, the adoption of principles for the university's charitable activity, support for conferences, consultations and courses on life issues, and the appointment of Mary Daly (who led a student protest against Obama's appearance called ND Response) as coordinator of pro-life initiatives.
The principal figure behind the events that led to many of the arrests was Randall Terry, the founder of Operation Rescue and a Catholic convert. Upon hearing the news that Obama would be invited, Terry and his family temporarily moved to South Bend in an RV. Terry orchestrated daily protests in front of the university.
Bishop John D'Arcy, who was the ordinary of Fort Wayne-South Bend at the time, publicly disapproved of Terry's tactics and discouraged the faithful from joining him. Instead, Bishop D'Arcy lent his support to ND Response. He appeared at a campus graduation day rally sponsored by ND Response, which drew about 2,000 participants and strengthened the spiritual core of Notre Dame. Graduation day brought many other protesters. Some ventured onto campus and were arrested.
Monica Miller, director of Citizens for a Pro-Life Society, considers the May 5 settlement "a huge victory for our witness." She said that "Notre Dame has made some effort to strengthen its commitment to the right to life of the unborn. I know there's a lot of work yet that still needs to be done."
Miller noted that Notre Dame "has never apologized for having Obama there, and we're beyond asking them for that apology at this point." Having exhausted other efforts, Miller emphasized that coming onto campus to witness "was a last resort when Notre Dame was not listening to us."
Charles Rice, professor emeritus of law at Notre Dame and outspoken pro-life and marriage advocate, wrote in an email, "This is a very good development, beneficial to the university and all concerned. … The charges, however, never should have been brought. In 2007, the gay-rights and pacifist demonstrators arrested on the Notre Dame campus were not prosecuted. It would be appropriate for Father Jenkins to apologize publicly for the university's indefensibly selective prosecution of the ND 88. We pray for Notre Dame and for our country."
Mike McBride, one of the defendants, challenged, "If Father [Jenkins] was so 'sincerely pleased' at seeing our charges dismissed, then why didn't he have the charges thrown out two years ago? In fact, why didn't he ever listen to the outcry of 83 Catholic bishops, including his own, and cancel President Obama's appearance?"
Joe Scheidler, national director of the Pro-Life Action League, who brought 165 protesters from the Chicago area to a demonstration on graduation day, said in an email, "I think this settlement of the ND 88 problem is a real plus for pro-life, the attorneys who worked for two years to bring it about, and possibly even for Notre Dame's waning reputation."
Register correspondent Thomas A. Uebbing writes from South Bend, Indiana.


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The simulation of the virtual epileptic patient is presented as an example of advanced brain simulation as a translational approach to deliver improved results in clinics. The fundamentals of epilepsy are explained. On this basis, the concept of epilepsy simulation is developed. By using an iPython notebook, the detailed process of this approach is explained step by step. In the end, you are able to perform simple epilepsy simulations your own.
Explore how to setup an epileptic seizure simulation with the TVB graphical user interface. This lesson will show you how to program the epileptor model in the brain network to simulate a epileptic seizure originating in the hippocampus. It will also show how to upload and view mouse connectivity data, as well as give a short introduction to the python script interface of TVB.
Learn how to simulate seizure events and epilepsy in The Virtual Brain. We will look at the paper: On the Nature of Seizure Dynamics which describes a new local model called the Epileptor, and apply this same model in The Virtual Brain. This is part 1 of 2 in a series explaining how to use the Epileptor. In this part, we focus on setting up the parameters.
Manipulate the default connectome provided with TVB to see how structural lesions effect brain dynamics. In this hands-on session you will insert lesions into the connectome within the TVB graphical user interface. Afterwards the modified connectome will be used for simulations and the resulting activity will be analysed using functional connectivity.
Lecture on the most important concepts in software engineering
Tutorial describing the basic search and navigation features of the Allen Mouse Brain Atlas
Tutorial describing the basic search and navigation features of the Allen Developing Mouse Brain Atlas
Tutorial describing the basic features of the Brain Explorer® 3-D viewer for the mouse brain
This tutorial demonstrates how to use the differential search feature of the Allen Mouse Brain Atlas to find gene markers for different regions of the brain and to visualize this gene expression in three-dimensional space. Differential search is also available for the Allen Developing Mouse Brain Atlas and the Allen Human Brain Atlas.
The chair of the workshop is giving an introduction and a motivating argument.
This lecture highlights the importance of correct annotation and assignment of location, and updated atlas resources to avoid errors in navigation and data interpretation.
We are at the exciting technological stage where it has become feasible to represent the anatomy of an entire human brain at the cellular level. In this presentation, the speaker explains that neuroanatomy in the XXI Century has become an effort towards the virtualization and standardization of brain tissue.
This lecture covers essential features of digital brain models for neuroinformatics.
This presentation covers the neuroinformatics tools and techniques used and their relationship to neuroanatomy for the Allen atlases of the mouse, developing mouse, and mouse connectional atlas.
Introduction to the Mathematics chapter of Datalabcc's "Foundations in Data Science" series.
Primer on elementary algebra
Primer on linear algebra
Primer on systems of linear equations
Primer on calculus