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Braves honor Aaron, 'face of baseball's greatness'
Commissioner Selig present to celebrate 40th anniversary of home run No. 715
ATLANTA -- Bobby Cox was in the midst of managing a game for Triple-A Syracuse. John Schuerholz was at his Kansas City residence viewing NBC's nationally televised broadcast of a game that created one of the most memorable moments in sports history.
Like most long-standing members of the baseball world, Cox and Schuerholz have vivid memories of what they were doing the night that Hank Aaron broke Babe Ruth's all-time home run record.
While they were not present at Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium that night, Cox and Schuerholz were among the thousands who crowded Turner Field on Tuesday night to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the night Aaron hit his historic 715th home run.
"Hank is a part of our family," said Schuerholz, who now serves as the Braves' president. "He's the face of our franchise and the face of baseball's greatness. You don't get a chance to honor a man of this magnitude who is a part of your family and your organization very often."
After partaking in Tuesday's ceremony, Major League Baseball Commissioner Bud Selig said he remembers watching the historic home run on television in Milwaukee. But Selig still has a vivid memory of the day he skipped a college class to watch his beloved Milwaukee Braves win the National League pennant thanks to the 11th-inning walk-off home run Aaron hit against the Cardinals on Sept. 22, 1957.
"I believe Hank Aaron was ideally suited to become Babe Ruth's heir. ... He is the living embodiment of the American spirit," Selig said as he addressed the crowd during a pregame ceremony.
Selig later expanded on this thought. "When you think of the impact, just like the impact Jackie Robinson had, here was a man breaking the most famous sports record in the world set by Babe Ruth," Selig said. "We were lucky. Baseball was really lucky. You had this thoughtful, sensitive, really decent person [breaking the record]. So we were the ones who were lucky. He is what you hope an icon will be but often isn't."
While stating that Aaron has always "done it right" during his pregame address, Braves CEO and chairman Terry McGuirk pressed the hot button by adding "You will always be the home run king of all time."
Barry Bonds has hit more home runs (762) than any player in MLB history. But Bonds' status as one of the most scrutinized players of the last 20 years has led many to consider Aaron as baseball's home run king.
When asked if he considers Aaron to be baseball's home run king, Selig said, "I'm always in a sensitive spot, but I've said that myself, and I'll just leave it at that."
Others in attendance on Tuesday included Al Downing, the Dodgers pitcher who served up No. 715; Dusty Baker, who was on deck when Aaron homered; and Tom House, the former Braves reliever who caught the historic drive after it sailed over the left-field wall.
After 715 fans filled the outfield grass, each holding a sign commemorating one of Aaron's home runs, Downing threw the ceremonial first pitch. Aaron might have done the honor had he not fractured his left hip when he slipped on ice near his Atlanta home in February.
Aaron used a walker as he entered the field and then stepped to the microphone to address the crowd that had gathered for the ceremony and the Braves' home opener against the Mets.
"You were there cheering for me then, and you're here cheering for me now," Aaron said to the crowd. "I am very grateful for that."
Aaron received a personalized jersey from each of Atlanta's professional sports teams and many of the city's surrounding universities. Falcons owner Arthur Blank, former University of Georgia football coach Vince Dooley and former Georgia Tech football coach Bill Curry were among those who participated in the unveiling of the jerseys.
"Every time Hank Aaron walks into the clubhouse, you are in awe," Braves third baseman Chris Johnson said. "It's not every day that somebody walks into a big league clubhouse and causes the players to be in awe."


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subset: commoncrawl


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Hi all,
I'm not talking about System.Diagnostic.Process.Start().
Here, i don't know what the exact term for, when in windows or IDE, for example if it WinRAR.exe, when we right click a file or folder, the .exe program was listed in. Can someone tell me what we call that in proper IT terms way. Is there any references/ articles on how to implement it? By using c# and a 3rd application program, i want to make sure that my 3rd app. program was in listing too.
You get what i meant?
Thank you very much.


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DTP PMC Meeting, August 19, 2008
Revision as of 14:28, 19 August 2008 by Brianf.sybase.com (Talk | contribs) (→Action Items)
← Back to DTP PMC Meeting Page
- Brian Fitzpatrick
- Linda Chan
- John Graham
- Sheila Sholars
- 1.6.1 Rampdown policy (this is a modification to http://wiki.eclipse.org/DTP_1.6.1_Schedule_and_Rampdown_Policy)
- M2 is August 25, 2008
- Ganymede SR1 release train as a +1 project. Those dates are [[here].
- September 2, 2008 - RC1
- September 9, 2008 - RC2
- September 16, 2008 - RC3 (Final Release, available September 24, 2008)
- Proposed policy:
- Open for fixes until afternoon of August 25, 2008 (SH time)
- Team lead approval needed for any fixes the week of August 25 - August 28
- August 29 (SH time) build will be the RC1 integration build. Test on August 29 & September 1, rebuild if issues arise
- Week of September 1 - September 4, PMC approval required (reasons, implications, testing, patch)
- September 5 (SH time) build will be the RC2 integration build. Test on September 5 & September 8, rebuild if issues arise
- Just testing after that until September 16
- Galileo planning
- DTP Galileo Planning Draft
- Need input from each PMC member's company to contribute to the Galileo effort
- What priorities do you have? Where do you plan on contributing resources?
- Actuate/ODA initial list of high-level projects (thanks Linda!)
- Define filtering spec for support by any ODA data source queries
- Integrate ODA framework with SQL Query Model to provide dynamic query conditions at runtime
- Support for Multi-dimensional Result Sets
- Enhance ODA Framework and API to support advanced features requested by the community. For example, dynamic creation of connection profile instance, support ODA data source-defined object type.
- Open discussion
- Some concerns about the rampdown -- discussed the following
- Adjust approvals by a week
- Component Lead Approval (M2 to RC1)
- Team Lead Approval (RC1 to RC2)
- PMC Approval (RC2 to RC3) - PMC approval = ALL approve it (4/4)
- Builds are request only (not nightly) during RC2 to RC3 period
- Adjust approvals by a week
Action Items
- Add 1.6.1 RC1/RC2/RC3 target milestones
- Tell the committers not do deliver any fixes to M1 (branch is no longer active)
- M1 build tagged already for 20080814, so should be able to see if anybody delivers after that accidentally
- If we need to respin M1 down the line, can do so based on the tags


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The girls of 90210 and The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills are colliding in their shared zip code.
In an upcoming episode of The CW series, airing Monday, March 11 at 9/8c, Naomi (AnnaLynne McCord), Silver (Jessica Stroup) and Adriana (Jessica Lowndes) have a wild out and meet Housewives Camille Grammer and Brandi Glanville. In our exclusive first look, the girls track down Grammer and Glanville at the Pilates studio when they can't remember the events of their crazy night. (Knowing the Bravolebrities, it probably involved booze, boys and a brawl.)
Check out 15 canceled shows we want to bring back
What exactly went down? You'll have to watch to find out.
90210 airs on Mondays at 9/8c on The CW.


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Tuesday, February 5, 2013
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Our Goal
Are you tired of clicking on some link from a web portal, only to find that the website is temporarily off-line because thousands or millions of other users are also trying to access it? Does your network have a really low-bandwidth connection, such that everyone, even accessing the same web pages, suffers from slow downloads? Have you ever run a website, only to find that suddenly you get hit with a spike of thousands of requests, overloading your server and possibly causing high monthly bills? If so, CoralCDN might be your free solution for these problems!
What is CoralCDN?
CoralCDN is a free and open content distribution network based around peer-to-peer technologies, comprised of a world-wide network of web proxies and nameservers. It allows a user to run a web site that offers high performance and meets huge demand, all for the price of a $50/month cable modem.
Publishing through CoralCDN is as simple as appending a short string to the hostname of objects' URLs; a peer-to-peer DNS layer transparently redirects browsers to participating caching proxies, which in turn cooperate to minimize load on the source web server. CoralCDN proxies automatically replicate content as a side effect of users accessing it, improving its availability. Using modern peer-to-peer indexing techniques, CoralCDN will efficiently find a cached object if it exists anywhere in the network, requiring that it use the origin server only to initially fetch the object once.
One of CoralCDN's key goals is to avoid ever creating hot spots in its infrastructure. It achieves this through a novel indexing abstraction we introduce called a distributed sloppy hash table (DSHT), and it creates self-organizing clusters of nodes that fetch information from each other to avoid communicating with more distant or heavily-loaded servers.
CoralCDN has been continuously operated since March 2004, running on 300-400 servers on the PlanetLab testbed, spread worldwide. As of 2011, it receives 25-50 million requests per day from a few million unique clients.(What's with the Google ads? Our Illuminati measurement project sought to understand how IP addresses and public information characterize Web clients. One related question is how such information plays a role in pay-per-click advertising, so we decided to run some ourselves to better understand how such systems work.)


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The Twilight franchise comes to an end this November with the release of The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2, but the series is planning on going out with a bang. Summit announced today that "The Twilight Saga Marathon" will invade theaters across the country on November 15th, a day before the wide release of Breaking Dawn – Part 2. Fans will be treated to all four previous Twilight films on the big screen, followed by the premiere of Breaking Dawn – Part 2 at 10pm local time; a full two hours before the midnight screenings begin.
Marathon-goers will be privy to exclusive content that will play between the films as well as a collectible event lanyard to keep their tickets close. Though the Twilight series gets derided plenty, Summit certainly knows how to treat the franchise's legion of fans. More detailed information will be released soon, but in the meantime check out trailers for all the previous films followed by the full press release after the jump. The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2 opens everywhere on November 16th.
Here are the trailers for all the Twilight films thus far:
Here's the press release for The Twilight Saga Marathon:
SANTA MONICA, CA – September 10, 2012 – In celebration of the films from THE TWILIGHT SAGA series from the last four years, Summit Entertainment, a LIONSGATE® company, will be working with its partners in theatrical exhibition to offer fans and moviegoers alike a chance to screen all of the films to date as part of a THE TWILIGHT SAGA movie-marathon. The marathon will take place on November 15, 2012 at theaters across North America. Additionally, to accommodate demand as well as making THE TWILIGHT SAGA: BREAKING DAWN – PART 2 available to moviegoers of many ages, the studio and its exhibition partners will release the newest film beginning with 10 p.m. screenings on November 15, 2012 at many local theaters. THE TWILIGHT SAGA: BREAKING DAWN – PART 2 will then be released across North America and around the world via multiple show times on November 16, 2012.
Fans who purchase tickets for THE TWILIGHT SAGA marathon will be treated to seeing Bella, Edward, Jacob and the entire cast again on the big screen starting with the first film in the series culminating with the arrival of THE TWILIGHT SAGA: BREAKING DAWN – PART 2. Marathon ticket holders will also see exclusive interstitial content played between the films and a special event-only lanyard will also be given to marathon attendees to house their ticket.
More information regarding locations, screening times, and purchasing tickets will be announced soon.


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News: Corporate News
Tuesday, 5 Feb 2013
It's Official - Dell is Going Private with Microsoft's $2 Billion Loan
Recent talks of Dell going private turned out to be true after all with Dell entering into an agreement to be purchased back for US$24.4 billion by Dell's founder and CEO, Michael Dell in partnership with private equity firm Silver Lake, and with assistance from Microsoft and a few financing institutions.
Thursday, 31 Jan 2013
RIM Changes Its Name to BlackBerry
RIM (Research In Motion) announced that it has changed its name to "BlackBerry" with immediate effect.
Friday, 14 Sep 2012
Google Now Includes Do-Not-Track Support for Chrome Developer Build
Google's latest developer build of Chrome now features Do-Not-Track support. This means we might see this feature in upcoming consumer builds of the popular web browser.
Wednesday, 11 Apr 2012
NXP and HID Global Enable Mobile Access for NFC Phones
NXP and HID Global have collaborated to announce a global, generic Mobile Access solution for NFC-enabled mobile phones.
Thursday, 29 Mar 2012
Qualcomm Deepens Collaboration with Singapore
Qualcomm today announced its plans to establish an integrated circuit (IC) design and engineering R&D Center in Singapore. In addition, it is working with a local school and Microsoft on the WE Learn mobile education project, which uses 3G smartphones to build a 21st century classroom experience.
Wednesday, 28 Mar 2012
NVIDIA Tesla GPUs Power Next Moon Mission to Operate Asimov Rover
A staggering $30 million in total will be awarded to the first few privately funded teams that successfully land a rover on the surface of the moon, drive it 500m over the lunar surface, and transmit detailed video, images, and information back to Earth.
Wednesday, 21 Mar 2012
Apple's US$98 Billion Decision
It's no secret that Apple is sitting on a US$98 billion cash mountain. Mere days after the company's share hit US$600 per share, the company held a conference call to announce how it's going to use its vast cash balances, much to the delight of shareholders.
Monday, 19 Mar 2012
PayPal Introduces PayPal Here For Small Businesses And Entrepreneurs Across APAC
Millions of small businesses across Asia Pacific can now accept credit and debit cards as well as PayPal payments through a smartphone - thanks to PayPal Here. Read on to to get more information on how it works and other details.
Thursday, 16 Feb 2012
Canon Appoints Kensaku Konishi as President & CEO for South SEA Region
Canon Singapore today announced the appointment of Mr Kensaku Konishi as President & CEO of Canon Singapore Pte Ltd.
Wednesday, 30 Nov 2011
AMD's Journey so Far and the Road Ahead
AMD Singapore organized a media update yesterday to give the local media a summary of its product milestones with focus on its Fusion APUs and FX family of processors. Other topic discussed were to douse rumors, their engineering focus and a new water cooling kit for enthusiasts.


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This blog started out initially with an idea, but no real plan. And as I've carried on, things have changed and the initial idea, no longer really suits me. I think about this blog all the time. It seems every weekend almost, I plan to write but I hardly do. I'm less interested in some of what I used to do, and more interested in other things. I'm busier. I got promoted at my job, and my wife and I bought a new house and moved into it. All the time though, I think of this blog and how I can post better and more often.
A perceived need to continue on in the initial spirit of this blog is one of the things that made it so hard to come back. For one, almost every post in the past contained something I had recently recorded. While I still plan on dropping the occasional random recording on here, my focus in recording has gotten much more specific. I have also slowed down in my production/collection of new gadgets for reasons I have addressed before. This can no longer really be the blog of random happy sounds that it used to be.
While it seems like I may have stopped doing a bunch of things (and this is true) my musical pursuits have gained in other ways. I have become interested in a lot of new music and have been seeing some great shows. I have also met some new people whose ideas have influenced mine for the better (I hope). Since I've been gone a while, here's a little list of the things that have been on/in my mind for the past few months.
The Watchful Ear – This is the blog of Richard Pinnell. A far more ambitious blogger than myself, he writes about music every day, and his blog is something I come back to almost as often. Richard has the fortune of finding himself sat right on top (or perhaps just to the side) of one of the most fertile improvised music communities anywhere these days. And he writes about it in such wonderfully thoughtful detail, it makes me want to catch the first plane to London. He also does a ton of reviews. Over the last few months he has saved me a bunch of money, as due to the quality and quantity of his reviews, there is no real reason to purchase the WIRE anymore (ok, I'm kinda joking). Really, I think his blog is one of the things people in the future will look back on, and say wow thank God for that.
Dotolim – Dotolim is (from what I understand) and improvised music series in Seoul, Korea. It is organized by Jin Sangtae and seems to take place about once a month. It features mainly musicians from Seoul, but there are occasionally guests from Japan and the states. The best thing (for someone not based in Seoul) is that they video record, almost every set, and they are available on youtube. In a grenre of music that seems for some reason relatively distant from the benefits of modern internet technology, this is a real treat.
The format is relatively simple. Each night there are 2 – 3 sets featuring different combinations of players, and occasional solos. Since the Seoul scene is relatively small there are a few recurring players, and it has been interesting seeing how there approach changes with different partners or playing devices. Overall a great window into a scene that is very exciting right now.
Philly Sound Forum – PSF is an improvised and experimental music series that takes place in Philadelphia and is curated by Jesse Kudler and Ian Fraser. We had talked on occasion about how there were opportunities for very exciting musicians to play Philadelphia, that were not being taken advantage of by some of the other music series in the area. And how there were some smaller scenes in the surrounding areas that were worth attention as well, and yet not getting much. So Jesse and Ian got together to just do it themselves, and thus far it has been great. Based on some inspiration from dotolim, they also have made an effort to put as much documentary content about each show on the website that they can, and there is some excellent music and video offered there for free. I'm always looking forward to new PSF show announcements.
Another thing we have been discussing is some form of improvised music workshop, which hopefully will come to pass within the next few months. While we are still working out the details, I will say that the general idea is to 1) allow more opportunities for improvising musicians in the area to play 2) to open communication between musicians in the area and encourage dialogs that will help us hone our craft. 3) ?????…. we are still figuring it out, but keep coming back, I will be posting about it as it takes shape.
I could go on here, but I've already run on longer than I wanted to. I will continue in the next month of this blog to highlight things that have made an impact on me. They may just be mentions and urls, and they may be full reviews. More in a while…


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SearchSkip to Search Results
Grant, W., Tsui, P., Green, R., McCart, P.
This is a report of baseline studies of aquatic environments in the Athabasca River. These studies were carried out at the request of Syncrude Canada Limited and were focused in the vicinity of Syncrude's Lease Number 17, which borders the west bank of the Athabasca River north of the town of...
Grant, W., Tripp, D., McCart, P., Tsui, P., Green, R.
Syncrude Canada Ltd. is producing synthetic crude oil from a surface mine on the eastern portion of Crown Lease 17, Alberta. Aquatic Environments Limited was commissioned to survey the MacKay River which crosses Leases 17 and 22, also held by Syncrude. The survey is intended to provide a...


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Remember when Shigeru Miyamoto started weighing himself everyday? We got Wii Fit. And before that, he had a dog. We got Nintendogs. And even before that, he took up gardening. We got Pikmin. Now, Miyamoto has a cat.
At a Nintendo meeting today, Kotaku has learned that it was announced that, yes, Shigeru Miyamoto has a cat. Nintendo typically keeps Miyamoto's hobbies secret because they sometimes end up as the inspiration for new games.
Currently, Miyamoto is working on the new Zelda Wii title, which will sport swordplay with the MotionPlus feature. He is also working on a "DS game to play at home" and is interested in how the DS can be used in "public spaces".
Nintendo mentioned that the company was not against HD, and Miyamoto pointed out that a title like Wii Fit would not benefit greatly from HD, but the Nintendo creator added that a game like, say, Pikmin would.


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Over on the oilhead forum, there seems to be a bit of interest from members wishing to ride to Baja, Mexico.
As I'm definitely among them, I thought I'd start a thread here to pick up ideas from those who have BTDT.
I'm planning a trip in mid-Oct '05 with 3 other fellows, 1 of which has previous Baja touring experience.
I'd appreciate all the advice from any riders who've done Baja.


text: Dave's ESL Cafe's Student Discussion Forums :: View topic - You can teache your family english... Dave's ESL Cafe's Student Discussion Forums"The Internet's Meeting Place for ESL/EFL Students and Teachers from Around the World!" FAQ Search Memberlist Usergroups Register Profile Log in to check your private messages Log in You can teache your family english... Dave's ESL Cafe's Student Discussion Forums Forum Index -> Family View previous topic :: View next topic Author Message bigdaveJoined: 13 Oct 2004Posts: 39Location: Brazil Posted: Wed Oct 13, 2004 7:36 pm Post subject: You can teache your family english... If you are on this website you can speak english. Why don't you teach it to your family members. Take everything you learn from today on...and teach someone else.To teach is to learn twice over_________________Sincerely, David P.S. Advice to students who are frustrated and unhappy with their progress in language learning. http://www.esl-education-network-online.com/SpeedEnglish Back to top Display posts from previous: All Posts1 Day7 Days2 Weeks1 Month3 Months6 Months1 Year Oldest FirstNewest First Dave's ESL Cafe's Student Discussion Forums Forum Index -> Family All times are GMT - 8 Hours Page 1 of 1 Jump to: Select a forum Student Forums----------------ComputersCurrent NewsCultureEnglish SchoolsFamilyFilm and CinemaFoodHealth and FitnessHelp CenterHobbiesHolidaysLearning EnglishLiteratureMaking FriendsMusicOpinionsPetsScienceSportsThe Strange and MysteriousTOEFL and Other English ExamsTravel You cannot post new topics in this forumYou cannot reply to topics in this forumYou cannot edit your posts in this forumYou cannot delete your posts in this forumYou cannot vote in polls in this forum Dave's ESL Cafe is maintained by the one and only Dave Sperling. Banner Advertising | Bookstore / Alta Books | FAQs | Articles | Interview with Dave Copyright © 2018 Dave's ESL Cafe | All Rights Reserved | Contact Dave's ESL Cafe | Site Map Teachers College, Columbia University: Train to Teach English Here or Abroad Powered by phpBB © 2001, 2002 phpBB Group


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The History Of Music Festivals
Welcome to festival season! While we are currently already two months into a music aficianado's favorite time of year, the fun has only just begun, with concerts spanning all the way through August. Those of us that keep up with the festivals, we all know the biggest names and where they are… But do we know the history behind those festivals? Infectious Magazine takes a look at 4 of the best-known summer music festivals and how they got their start. These festivals were created for surprisingly simple reasons, but grew…Read More


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« Same-Sex Education: Do Male Students Need a Male Teacher? | Main | Crime and No Punishment: Discipline in High School Classrooms »
Real Life 101: How Do We Make Students Aware of the Working World?
As an introduction to literature units that I teach, I like to give "thematic surveys" to the kids. The surveys usually contain 10-12 statements that in some way connect to the book we're about to read--statements like "At the core, we are all evil" (Lord of the Flies) or "People who have power will always become corrupt" (Julius Caesar). The students then rank the statements 1-5: 1 means "I totally disagree or have no experience with this," and 5 means "I agree and often have this experience." Then I go through each statement, have the students put their fingers up to show their responses, and call on a couple of students per statement to explain.
In today's survey, for Sherman Alexei's The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian, one of the statements I offered was, "I worry that my school doesn't have the resources to support my educational or career goals." (Spoiler alert: One of the pivotal events of Sherman Alexei's novel occurs when the protagonist, Junior, realizes that he is using a textbook that is over 30 years old, and becomes so enraged by his school's insufficient resources that he throws the book at his teacher.) That statement, as I anticipated, sparked some controversy, but not for the reasons that I expected. Instead of complaining about outdated history books (which don't mention the events of 9/11), run down gyms, auditoriums, and other facilities, or the lack of foreign language options other than Spanish, the kids complained that their core courses were "pointless."
"Really? Which ones are pointless?" I asked.
"All of them," several kids responded. "When am I ever going to need Shakespeare? Or Geometry?"
"Well, what do you want to be when you grow up?" my patient co-teacher inquired.
"Astronaut," said two of them, in unison. "Actress," volunteered a third.
I was incredulous. "You want to be astronauts, and you think you're not going to need math?" I turned to the actress. "Or English?"
No, they told me. They were certain that most of what they were learning in high school was totally irrelevant to their future career choices. Except for a few kids who muttered "Yo, these naive people are making me tight!" and rolled their eyes, my 10th graders seemed confident in their position.
Beyond the inherent frustration, this conversation showed me something I hadn't realized before. I've long advocated for alternatives to the traditional "college for all" academic path, such as trade and career-tech programs (welding, auto mechanics, carpentry, cosmetics, etc.) But I've realized the students also need a crash course in career awareness--specifically, letting them know what careers are even out there (many careers such as IT, accounting, engineering, or hospitality management, because of their lack of intrinsic visibility in the kids' daily lives or in TV, are often off their radar), and what these careers require, both in skills and in day-to-day activities. The fact that my 10th graders do not realize that being an astronaut requires math is, I think, almost as serious a problem as whatever deficits they may have in the subject to begin with.
In recent weeks, this blog has focused a lot on issues of engagement with boys, and I can't help thinking that all students' lack of awareness of what skills they actually need for life (such as basic math or literacy), and how they would use these skills, leads them to take school less seriously and goof around more often. Whether their lack of career awareness should be addressed in subject-specific areas, or in a dedicated "life-skills" class of some sort, I'm not sure--but it's yet another area where our students need guidance.


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Primary Survey (Triage) and Resuscitation
Triage is the art of assigning priority to emergency patients and their problems based on rapid assessment of historical and physical parameters (see Table: Parameters to Evaluate During Triage). Several historical or observed problems warrant transfer of the animal to the treatment area regardless of physical findings. These problems include known or suspected trauma, poisonings, profuse vomiting or diarrhea, urethral obstruction, labored breathing, cardiopulmonary arrest, seizures, loss of consciousness, severe alterations in mental state, acute inability to walk, excessive bleeding, prolapsed organs, potential snake bite, heat prostration, open wounds exposing extensive soft tissue or bone, anemia, burns, dystocia, shock, and disease that may rapidly decompensate such as gastric dilatation and volvulus and allergic reactions.
Parameters to Evaluate During Triage
Airway, breathing, and circulation are evaluated sequentially, followed by examination for sources of hemorrhage, and determination of the level of consciousness and level of pain. The most common reasons for an animal in catastrophic distress include 1) airway—airway obstruction or disruption; 2) breathing—cyanosis from tension pneumothorax, alveolar flooding (edema fluid or blood), severe bronchoconstriction with air trapping or brain-stem pathology affecting ventilation; and 3) circulation— shock (decreased perfusion), cardiopulmonary arrest, extreme bradyarrhythmias or tachyarrhythmias, cardiac tamponade, and acute intravascular volume loss usually due to internal or external hemorrhage.
Life-threatening airway pathology (catastrophic or severe) includes complete large airway obstruction and partial obstruction of the large and small airways.
Animals with complete large airway obstruction are unconscious and apneic. Partial large airway obstruction causes noisy breathing (stridor or stertor), heard without the aid of a stethoscope. Cyanosis and anxiety are often present with loud referred airway sounds heard throughout the thorax on auscultation. Compromise of the extrathoracic airway (nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, or cervical trachea) causes inspiratory stridor; compromise of the intrathoracic trachea or bronchi causes expiratory stridor. Stertor is most common with pharyngeal disease. Possible causes of large airway pathology include foreign bodies, edema, laryngeal paralysis or paresis, tracheal collapse, elongated soft palate, aspiration of stomach contents, neoplasia, and pharyngeal hematomas. Animals with severe small airway obstruction have labored breathing with an expiratory push of the diaphragm, cyanosis, and anxiety. Auscultation reveals high-pitched wheezes throughout the lung field. In severe life-threatening situations, the animal is cyanotic, open-mouth breathing, collapsed, and asphyxiating. Common causes include anaphylactic reactions; asthma (cats); and bronchial obstruction from edema, mucus, exudates, or foreign material.
Unconscious, apneic animals require immediate tracheal intubation. The clinician should be practiced in orotracheal intubation of animals in dorsal, lateral, and sternal recumbency. If an obstruction is present, it must be immediately relieved (with suction, manual removal, or the Heimlich maneuver) or bypassed via emergency tracheotomy. Once an airway is established, confirmed, and secured, ventilation is initiated with 100% oxygen via a bag-valve-mask. Should auscultation during ventilation detect absent or muffled lung sounds indicative of pleural fluid or air, immediate thoracocentesis is warranted. Heart sounds and pulses are checked and, when absent, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (see Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) is initiated.
With partial large airway obstruction, flow-by oxygen is delivered through oxygen tubing at a high flow rate aimed at the open, panting mouth until an airway is secured or, if appropriate, a transtracheal or nasotracheal oxygen line is placed. Heavy sedation using a narcotic/tranquilizer (eg, butorphanol 0.2–0.4 mg/kg with or without acepromazine 0.01–0.05 mg/kg) combination may be used to relieve anxiety and struggling, to allow a cursory examination of the pharynx and larynx, and to remove pharyngeal foreign bodies. When tracheal intubation is necessary, general anesthesia should be induced using rapid-acting IV anesthetics such as etomidate (0.5–3 mg/kg), ketamine/diazepam combination (5–20 mg/kg and 0.1–0.4 mg/kg), or propofol (6–8 mg/kg to effect). The ability of the laryngeal cartilages to abduct during inspiration should be assessed during intubation and a full oropharyngeal examination performed when time allows. A tracheotomy is necessary when pharyngeal, laryngeal, or tracheal pathology prevents orotracheal intubation or when prolonged intubation is anticipated. A transtracheal catheter can be used to provide oxygen support during stabilization. When the airway pathology lies within the thoracic cavity, airway patency must be established down to the bifurcation of the trachea. Once the airway is established, it should be secured with a tie and inflation of the cuff mechanism, as well as confirmed with at least two of the following methods: palpation of the tube within trachea in the cervical region, ausculation of the lungs and visualization of chest wall movement when a breath is administered, visualization of the tube entering the airway, placement of an end-tidal CO2 monitor, or radiographs.
Cyanosis from small airway obstructive disease is treated by providing oxygen by flow-by, hood, or nasal cannula and sedation with a narcotic/tranquilizer combination. Epinephrine is given for its bronchodilatory effects both in anaphylaxis (0.01–0.02 mg/kg, IV) and in life-threatening asthma (0.02 mg/kg, IM). Corticosteroids (prednisone sodium succinate, 15 mg/kg, IV, or dexamethasone, 2–4 mg/kg, IM or IV) are given for allergic bronchitis, asthma, or severe swelling of the larynx or pharyngeal tissues. Other bronchodilators, such as aminophylline or terbutaline, are given IM, or albuterol can be given by nebulization in the case of an animal in crisis. Also see the calculator on this page for various emergency drug doses for dogs and cats.
Compromised breathing in both dogs and cats manifests with an increased respiratory rate and effort, immediately followed by a change in the respiratory pattern. Postural changes (orthopnea) follow; dogs stand with the elbows abducted and the back arched or high on the rear haunches with the head and neck extended, whereas cats may sit crouched on all four limbs with the sternum slightly elevated. Obvious labored, open-mouth breathing, and changes in mucous membrane color (gray and/or blue [cyanosis]) develop last and indicate significant loss of pulmonary function and impending pulmonary arrest.
The location of the pathology—pleural space or parenchymal disease—can be determined at presentation by careful observation of the breathing pattern and auscultation of the thorax. This will direct resuscitative efforts. Taking radiographs or performing stressful diagnostic procedures before the animal has been stabilized can lead to rapid decompensation.
Pleural space disease causes asynchronous breathing. The chest expands on inspiration as the abdomen is pulled inward, then the chest moves inward on expiration as the abdomen expands. In cats, breathing is slower and more deliberate than in dogs. The respiratory pattern is the same whether air, fluid, or abdominal contents are in the pleural space. Thoracic auscultation reveals muffled lung sounds over the affected regions.
Lung parenchymal disease causes quiet, smooth breathing, with the chest and abdominal wall moving in the same direction. Inspiration and expiration are equally labored unless concurrent small airway edema or constriction adds an expiratory push. Cats demonstrate rapid, shallow synchronous breathing, often with movement of the cupula. Thoracic auscultation reveals louder than normal lung sounds in early phases. As disease progresses, harsh lung sounds with moist crackles and rales are heard over the affected lungs. Pulmonary edema may be cardiogenic, often accompanied by a murmur, gallop, or arrhythmia noted on auscultation and mild hypothermia. Other differential diagnoses include CNS disease, pneumonia (viral, parasitic, fungal, or bacterial), aspiration, pulmonary contusions, or hemoglobin abnormalities. Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema may be caused by seizures, electrocution, after an acute airway obstruction (such as after choking or near-drowning) and acute lung injury, or respiratory distress syndrome.
Thoracic radiography should be performed only when the animal is able to tolerate the procedure. Radiographs can help differentiate many of these diseases; however, imaging should not delay therapy. Some animals may be more tolerant of ultrasonography. The thoracic focused assessment with sonography (TFAST) technique may be used to identify pleural fluid and air, examining both hemithoraces between the fifth and sixth ribs ventrally and between the seventh and ninth ribs dorsally. A pneumothorax may be present when the "slide sign" is absent; this is a linear movement noted between the visceral and parietal pleura and requires practice to identify.
Oxygen is administered immediately via flow-by, mask, hood, or oxygen cage techniques. Sedation with a narcotic/tranquilizer combination (butorphanol 0.2–0.4 mg/kg, IV or IM, with or without acepromazine, 0.05 mg/kg, IV or IM) can relieve struggling and anxiety. Longterm continuous supplemental oxygen is best provided by a nasal oxygen catheter. The intranasal oxygen catheter is placed after topical anesthetic has been instilled into the nostril where the tube is to be inserted. Humidified nasal oxygen flow rates of 50–100 mL/kg/min deliver 40%–60% inspired oxygen while allowing the animal to be examined and the underlying disease treated. Nasopharyngeal or nasotracheal catheters or bilateral nasal cannulas may provide higher percentages of inspired oxygen. If cyanosis and decompensation persist or work of breathing is profound, intubation and positive-pressure manual ventilation or mechanical ventilation with 100% oxygen is necessary.
Catastrophic pleural space disease with rapid cardiovascular decompensation, absent lung sounds throughout the thorax, and a barrel-shaped chest suggests tension pneumothorax. A routine thoracocentesis is often inadequate for these animals, so an intercostal incision or placement of a large-bore catheter is necessary: lidocaine is injected for local anesthesia, a small skin incision is made between ribs (at the seventh to eighth intercostal space), and hemostats are used to enter the pleural space, relieving the tension within the thorax. This allows cardiovascular filling and lung reexpansion. The open pneumothorax is then managed by placing a chest tube and surgically closing the intercostal incision.
When breathing is severely compromised by pleural air or fluid without tension pneumothorax, the pleural space should be drained by thoracocentesis. The intended site is clipped and aseptically prepared (when time permits). If fluid is expected, the needle is inserted ventrally between the sternum and costochondral junction. When air is to be recovered, the needle is inserted into the dorsal half of the thorax, above the costochondral junction. A local anesthetic is placed into the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and intercostal muscle at the site to be tapped. After the needle is inserted just through the skin, a drop of saline is placed in the hub of the needle. The needle is then gradually inserted straight into the thorax (with the needle perpendicular to the chest wall) until the saline in the needle hub moves. The movement of the saline in the hub indicates that the pleural space has been entered, although this may not always occur. The needle is immediately directed so that it lies against the parietal pleura. This prevents laceration of the lung by the needle as the lung reexpands. As soon as the pleural space is entered, the evacuation apparatus (an IV extension set, 3-way stopcock, and syringe) is attached and aspiration begins. In animals in which the pleural space cannot be emptied (eg, tension pneumothorax, ongoing hemorrhage) or when repeated chest taps are required within minutes to hours, an indwelling chest tube should be placed for continuous closed suction until the problem resolves or futher therapy is performed.
Lung parenchymal disease is primarily treated using oxygen supplementation, sedation to relieve anxiety, and therapy directed at the underlying cause. Cardiogenic edema is usually associated with a gallop, murmur (determined by auscultation), arrhythmia, and/or mild hypothermia and responds well to furosemide administration (1–4 mg/kg, IV, every 1–2 hr) in all but the most severe of cases. Furosemide is more effective when delivered as a constant-rate infusion (1–2 mg/kg/hr). Cardiogenic edema can benefit from venodilation from nitroglycerin ointment (¼ in. for cats and ½ in. for larger dogs) applied topically to a shaved area of the abdomen, inguinal region, or directly to a mucous membrane; severely affected animals with normal blood pressure may benefit from a balanced vasodilator (nitroprusside, 0.5–10 mcg/kg/min), tapered up slowly and monitoring blood pressure continuously to keep the mean arterial pressure >85 mmHg. After initial stabilization, further diagnostic procedures (eg, thoracic radiography and echocardiography) aid in determining the cause and specific therapy. Animals with proteinaceous fluid (such as occurs with noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia, etc) will not respond to simple diuretic therapy. If oxygen supplementation does not maintain PaO2 >60 mmHg (pulse oximetry or SpO2 >90%), or if PaCO2 ≥60 mmHg, or if there is moderate to severe increases in work of breathing despite oxygen therapy, then manual or mechanical positive-pressure ventilation is required.
If respiratory failure is imminent with pulmonary fluid visible in mouth or nares, then intubation, airway suctioning, and manual bag-valve-mask ventilation with 100% oxygen are required. Elevated or postural pulmonary parenchymal evacuation (EPPE) can be performed with two or more people elevating the pet vertically, head down, while guarding the endotracheal tube. The thoracic cavity is manually compressed to assist airway and lung fluid drainage. Manual ventilation with 100% oxygen and suction of the airway should be performed between EPPE efforts.
Animals with circulatory compromise have alterations in their physical perfusion parameters (ie, heart rate, mucous membrane color, capillary refill time [CRT], rectal temperature, pulse quality, and level of consciousness). Careful auscultation of the heart for a murmur, gallop, arrhythmia, or muffled heart sounds and of the lungs for evidence of fluid is important to help identify heart failure as a cause of poor perfusion. Measurement of arterial blood pressure, central venous pressure, central venous PaO2, and serum lactate provide objective data for reaching resuscitation endpoints and monitoring trends of change after resuscitation.
In the early compensatory stages of hypovolemic shock in dogs, there is a rapid heart rate, pink to red mucous membranes, rapid CRT, and bounding pulses; the animal is most often alert and responsive. Animals with a significant amount of pain or anxiety may appear to be in compensatory shock; pain medications are warranted, and time for the animal to acclimate to the environment is helpful. This stage is rarely identified in cats. Tachycardia is often the first and only sign, so persistent tachycardia must be considered a sign of decreased perfusion and addressed as such. As the pathology progresses, dogs begin to have pale mucous membranes, prolonged CRT, weak pulses, tachycardia, and a decreased level of responsiveness—the classic signs of the middle or early decompensatory stage of shock. Cats have gray mucous membranes, slow CRT, weak or absent pulses, hypothermia, and a normal or low heart rate. As shock approaches the terminal stages, the heart rate slows in both dogs and cats, and animals begin to lose consciousness. Clinical signs in this terminal stage include heart failure, pulmonary edema, severe hypotension, oliguria, and abnormal respiratory patterns. Cardiopulmonary arrest is a common sequela.
The therapeutic goal is to deliver oxygen and substrate to the tissues. This requires a heart that effectively pumps blood and adequate hemoglobin, intravascular volume, vascular tone and patency, as well as sufficient oxygen and substrate for cellular metabolism. General guidelines for treatment of hypovolemic and distributive shock are described below, but modifications may be needed for specific animals or disease processes.
Oxygen Supplementation:
Control of ongoing hemorrhage is essential for stabilization and often required before restoration of circulation. The animal must be carefully and thoroughly examined for any evidence of external hemorrhage. Direct pressure should be immediately placed over the bleeding skin site, and bleeding arteries clamped. When blood slowly oozes from a skin wound, a compression bandage should be placed. If more aggressive hemostasis is required, a blood pressure (pneumatic) cuff or tourniquet can be temporarily placed until coagulation occurs or surgical intervention is used to stop the bleeding. Tourniquets should not remain in place for >10 min.
Intrathoracic or abdominal hemorrhage may be dfficult to detect and may be exacerbated when blood pressure and circulation are restored. The focused abdominal sonography for trauma (FAST) technique may be used to rapidly identify free abdominal fluid, focusing the probe on the ventral midline caudal to the xiphoid, over the urinary bladder, and on the right and left dependent flank regions. A four-quadrant abdominocentesis can be performed if ultrasound is not immediately available. The TFAST may be used to identify pleural fluid as well.
Ongoing abdominal hemorrhage is initially managed by small volume fluid resuscitation to low-normal endpoints and abdominal counterpressure (see below). Ongoing intrathoracic hemorrhage should be managed with thoracocentesis or a thoracostomy tube to evacuate the blood and to allow measurement of the volume lost. Exploration of these body cavities may be required for assessment and definitive hemostasis if a coagulopathy is not present. PCV of thoracic or abdominal fluid the same or higher than that of peripheral blood confirms hemorrhage. Significant volumes of cavitary hemorrhage may be collected in sterile, empty IV bags or blood transfusion bags for autologous blood transfusion, if necessary.
Intravascular Volume Replacement:
Intravenous or intraosseous catheters are used, with multiple catheters placed for rapid, large-volume infusion in dogs >30 kg body wt. Isotonic crystalloids can be administered by repeated low-volume boluses (10–15 mL/kg) until desired endpoints of resuscitation are reached (eg, low-normal cardiovascular parameters). However, the interstitium is at risk of fluid overload with crystalloids alone. The concurrent use of colloids and crystalloids can reduce the amount of crystalloid required, rapidly expand the intravascular space with a smaller volume of fluid infused, and reduce the amount of fluid extravasating into the interstitial spaces of vital organs (eg, lung, brain). Isotonic crystalloids are given with hydroxyethylstarches (eg, hetastarch) or stroma-free hemoglobin. Whole blood, stroma-free hemoglobin, or packed red cells are necessary during initial volume resuscitation when hemorrhage has been significant.
Small volume resuscitation to low-normal endpoints (measured perfusion parameters) is used to avoid volume overload or hypertension and is ideal for animals with head injury, pulmonary edema or contusions, abdominal or intrathoracic hemorrhage, heart disease, and all cats in hypovolemic shock. Isotonic crystalloids are given (10–15 mL/kg, IV), followed by hetastarch or stroma-free hemoglobin (dogs 5 mL/kg, IV; cats 1–5 mL/kg, IV, slowly), repeating the colloid infusion, to effect. The least amount of crystalloids and colloids possible are used to obtain and maintain a systolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg, restore a normal heart rate, and improve CRT and pulses. For an in-depth explanation, see Fluid Therapy.
Pain Control:
Analgesia is provided during initial fluid resuscitation for optimal cardiovascular response and relief of anxiety. Narcotics are administered systemically, and local anesthetics can be infiltrated into the affected area. (Also see Pain Assessment and Management.)
Animals in shock should be warmed during fluid resuscitation until rectal temperatures are >98°F. This is best accomplished by increasing the environmental temperature using warm air blowers or hot water bottles with blankets, warm water blankets, and IV fluid line warmers. Gastric, peritoneal, or urinary lavage may be needed for severe hypothermia. Surface warming is instituted only after initial volume resuscitation has provided enough intravascular volume to offset the peripheral vasodilation. Care must be taken in animals with cardiogenic shock or pericardial disease to avoid excessive peripheral vasodilation, because this may exacerbate a relative hypovolemia (due to decreased cardiac output).
Corticosteroids are administered when a deficiency is suspected (ie, Addisonian crisis, critical illness–related corticosteroid insufficiency). High-dose steroid administration has not been proved to reduce mortality in hypovolemic, septic, or cardiogenic shock and has been associated with increased morbidity, so it is not recommended.
Cardiovascular Support:
Pharmacologic agents (positive inotropes, systemic vasodilators, and vasopressors) can be used when fluid infusion has adequately replaced intravascular volume (ie, central venous pressure >5–8 cm H2O) but fails to restore blood pressure and perfusion, or when poor cardiac contractility is thought to contribute to hypotension. A positive inotropic agent can be administered to increase cardiac contractility in diseases such as sepsis and dilated cardiomyopathy (eg, dobutamine, initially at 2–5 mcg/kg/min, and the dosage titrated for optimal cardiac output). Stroma-free hemoglobin (dogs 5 mL/kg; cats 1–3 mL per cat, slowly) can be administered, and repeated as indicated, for its colloid effect as well as its mild vasopressor effect; it is particularly useful in animals with concurrent anemia. The initial resuscitation doses may be followed by a slow constant-rate infusion (dogs 10–15 mL/kg/day; cats 1–3 mL/hr up to 5 mL/kg/day) to maintain perfusion if the initial dose was successful and further support is anticipated. Pressor agents delivered as an IV constant-rate infusion such as dopamine (5–20 mcg/kg/min), norepinephrine (0.05–2 mcg/kg/min) or vasopressin (extra-label, 1–4 mU/kg/min) are other options to support blood pressure; they should be delivered in the smallest dosage needed to maintain arterial systolic pressure >90 mmHg. The blood flow to the kidneys and GI tract, as well as other organs, may have been significantly impaired during shock. Urine output, heart rate, blood pressure, ECG, pulse intensity, and mucous membrane color should be closely monitored, because further vasoconstriction can worsen organ blood flow and function. If organ function declines or if arrhythmias become a problem, the IV drip should be stopped.
Hindlimb and Abdominal Binding:
When ongoing abdominal hemorrhage is suspected from trauma, hindlimb and abdominal counterpressure can improve perfusion. This procedure compresses the arteries and arterioles within the bound regions, increasing regional vascular resistance, and produces abdominal tamponade, thereby effectively slowing or arresting hemorrhage and redirecting blood flow from the venous capacitance vessels in the caudal half of the body to the more central (core) circulation. Hindlimb and abdominal counterpressure can be performed by placing a rolled towel or rolled cotton between the legs and along the ventral midline of the abdomen. This prevents the wrap from impairing ventilation or fracturing the spleen or liver. If time permits, a urinary catheter is placed. The hindlimbs and abdomen are then firmly wrapped with padded bandage material or towels, beginning at the toes of the hindlimb and moving cranially toward the xiphoid, taking care not to impede respiration. The bandage should be secured with tape or stretch bandage material wrapped in a spiral pattern starting caudally and moving cranially. Abdominal binding should be avoided in cases of intrathoracic or intracranial hemorrhage. Once perfusion has stabilized, the wrap is removed slowly by sections (releasing one section every 15 min) from the abdomen, starting at the most cranial portion and moving caudally. Any signs of decompensation warrant rapid rebinding of the region last unwrapped.


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Cooking For Engineers
Joined: 10 May 2005
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Posted: Wed Jan 04, 2006 9:46 pm
Post subject: Equipment & Gear: Kitchen Scales
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Equipment & Gear: Kitchen Scales
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A kitchen scale is an essential tool in every kitchen. Most American kitchens have a set of measuring cups, but don't have a kitchen scale. Even though kitchen scales aren't that common to the American kitchen, Amazon.com still has
over 200 scales
for sale ranging from $7 to over $300. Is this a gadget that only perfectionist chefs and constant bakers need? No, give a good scale a try and you'll find that it's a better and
way to cook.
A lot of people know that you should use a scale when baking. Baking is probably the only form of cooking where I can say is a science without people arguing with me. (Try saying "stir-fry is a science" or "candy-making is a science" without having the science vs. art discussion.) This is because just about every cookbook that covers baking discusses the importance of balancing acids and bases and precise measurements are of paramount importance when trying to transform a wet glob of batter into a glorious, fluffy dessert. To get precise measurements, we are told to toss out the measuring cups and use a kitchen scale. But is baking the only reason to use a scale?
Why Use a Kitchen Scale
The first and foremost reason is of course
. Precision is how repeatable a measurement is. For example, if we measured a cup of all-purpose flour in a 1 cup (8 ounces) dry measuring cup, we expect the mass of the flour to be 125 grams. Assuming that the dry measuring cup is constructed to strict standards, the cup is accurate but not precise. Every time flour is measured, it is a bit more or a bit less than 125 g. How tightly packed the flour is, whether it has been recently sifted, if we scooped the flour or spooned it, all make an impact to the repeatability or precision of using a cup as a measuring device. On the other hand, a scale is precise (and accurate if calibrated). When a cup of flour is weighed on a scale, it is possible to add or take away flour until the scale registers 125 g. The precision of the scale is dependent on how easy it is to read the scale. In baking, using a scale to measure all the ingredients will ensure that you are following the recipe correctly (at least in terms of the proportions of ingredients). Using measuring cups could result in having a little more flour than leavening, etc.
is a big reason why I use a scale. When I've figured out how much sugar to put into a recipe or how much butter is needed, using a scale means that next time I make the recipe it will have a greater chance of ending up exactly the same as I made it last time.
If precision and repeatability aren't motivating factors for getting a scale (and for most home chefs they don't sound too compelling), here's a good one:
faster measuring
. No more scooping with a measuring cup and then leveling the top with a straight edge. Simply pour into a bowl set on the scale and stop at the desired point. With fast response digital scales, the weight display is updated fast enough that you can pour until you hit the desired value. Then you can zero out the scale and measure your next ingredient
in the same bowl
. Less mess to clean up, faster measuring, and more precision. There are no drawbacks to using a kitchen scale (except perhaps the initial impact to your wallet).
Types of Scales
There are three main types of scales available for use in the kitchen. Balance, mechanical/spring, and digital. The three operate on different principals for measuring weight. The
operates by performing comparisons between known masses and the object to be weighed. (Technically, a balance determines mass not weight and is the only type of scale that will work properly if you plan to cook on the moon. The balance in all other disciplines is considered separate from a scale, but in cooking we lump the two together.) The problem with the balance is that it only reports if the object you are measuring is greater or less than the known mass. For example, when using a balance to measure a cup of flour, 125 g of known mass is placed on one side of the balance while flour is placed on the other side until the mass on both sides are in balance.
A beam balance has a beam with adjustable masses that move along the beam to increase torque applied to counteract the torque on the other end of the beam from the weight of the object being measured. (Exactly like the physician's scale at your doctor's office.) In general, a good balance is extremely accurate and can be extremely precise, but no matter how skilled the operator of the balance is, I feel it's a bit slow for use in the kitchen.
Mechanical scales
use a platform mounted on a heavy spring to measure weight. An ideal spring compresses proportionally to the force applied to it. This means the weight placed on the platform is directly related to the distance that the platform moves down. The problem is that in actuality, springs aren't ideal.
For the most part, they do exhibit the property of linear compression, but they also may change compression rates over time, may not return to their original length, and sometimes even break. Also, another problem with springs is that small quantities are harder to measure than large quantities. For example, if a scale is designed to measure up to 5 lbs. then then measuring one ounce of something will be more difficult than one pound. This is because the small amount of movement in the spring caused by one ounce will be difficult to detect because the scale is designed to move evenly throughout the whole five pounds. However, high quality mechanical scales can be quite precise, but they also carry a hefty price tag.
Cheap mechanical scales can cost less than $10, but aren't terribly accurate or precise, but if these scales are the only ones you can afford, purchase a set of
dry measuring cups
instead. Properly used, the dry measuring cups will be more accurate and precise than the sub-$10 scales.
The final option is the
scale. These scales range from $25 to over $100 with the vast majority in the $50 range.
A good digital scale provides easy to read measurements with high precision. They work based on an electrical component called a strain gauge (also known as a load cell). The resistance of the strain gauge changes based upon the compression or change in shape of the component. A simple computer in the digital scale is preloaded at the factory with a table of values that allows it to calculate the weight of a load by the change in resistance. Many scales update about once a second, but better scales will update their readings much faster. This means, if you're pouring sugar into a bowl, the scale will provide almost instantaneous feedback so you don't pour too much. Most digital scales also have a tare function that allows the user to subtract the weight of the container from the measurement.
Features To Look For
A few months ago,
directed me to
Old Will Knott
(retailer of fine scales) and the
My Weigh
i5000 Bowl Scale
. I purchased the scale for
$50 plus shipping
and gave it a spin. This scale is well designed and is the perfect example of what features are important and how My Weigh managed to incorporate them. (Too bad I don't earn commission on the My Weigh i5000, because I'm about to explain why it's a great kitchen scale.)
Large Display
- An easy to read display is important when measuring with a large mixing bowl on the platform. If the display is too small, it might be obscured by the bowl. Not only does the My Weigh i5000 have a large LCD display, a backlight turns on to illuminate the display so it's readable even if the shadow of the bowl is covering the display!
Avoirdupois (U.S.) and metric units
- The ability to quickly and easily switch between U.S. (pounds and ounces) and metric (grams) units is useful when you have some recipes in grams and some in ounces. I receive some recipes that have both, so having a handy switch is a must. A few brands have their switches underneath the unit, so you can't switch while weighing. The i5000 has a nice button on the front that allows you to switch between grams, pounds and ounces (e.g. 1 lb. 8 oz.), pounds (e.g. 1.5 lb.), and counting mode (where the i5000 counts the number of jelly beans or whatever you put on the scale - which is, truthfully, the reason I bought the scale).
- Taring is measuring the weight of the container. The tare function allows the scale to subtract the weight of the container and report only the net weight of the object being measured. Most scales allow you to repeatedly press the tare button, allowing you to measure many ingredients in the same bowl (e.g. measure flour, tare, measure sugar, tare, measure chocolate, tare, etc.). This is a wonderful feature and thankfully almost all digital scales have it. The i5000 also allows you to recall the gross weight (the actual weight) at anytime with a press of a button.
Seamless buttons
- Some scales have buttons that are not, on the surface, formed from the same piece as the exterior of the scale. This means there are cracks where liquid or fine particles can get into and make cleaning a pain. Seamless buttons are a must especially if your fingers get dirty while working in the kitchen.
Removable bowl
- Some scales have built-in bowls which makes cleaning more difficult and recipe preparation inconvenient. The ability to remove the bowl that comes with the scale (if it comes with one) and replacing it with your measuring cup, mixing bowl, or pot just makes everything that much easier. Although the i5000 came with a plastic bowl, I've never used it except to demonstrate to my friends the Jelly Belly counting trick.
- Most kitchen scales at the $50 price point measure up to 5 pounds (2.25 kg). This limits your ability to measure ingredients when using a glass mixing bowl or a pot which may weight a few pounds to begin with. The i5000 has an 11 pound (5 kg) capacity and manages to maintain a precision of 0.05 ounces (1 gram) throughout the range (most 5 kg scales have a 2 g granularity).
If you haven't guessed, my recommendation for a digital scale is the My Weight i5000.
The My Weigh i5000 can be purchased for about $50 plus shipping from
Old Will Knott
. It's a bit more expensive elsewhere.
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Posted: Wed Jan 04, 2006 9:47 pm
Post subject:
one thing I've always wondered about in using scales in the kitchen... what about humidity?
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Posted: Wed Jan 04, 2006 9:48 pm
Post subject:
With a good quality scale humidity is never a problem (unless it crosses over 99%...).
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Posted: Wed Jan 04, 2006 9:48 pm
Post subject:
I meant varying moisture content in ingredients, not the ambient humidity.
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Thomas W. Holt Jr.
Posted: Wed Jan 04, 2006 9:48 pm
Post subject:
I was just watching America's Test Kitchen a few weeks ago and they had a rerun of their episode with the Equipment Corner clip on Digital Scales. Here's their recommendation.
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Posted: Wed Jan 04, 2006 9:49 pm
Post subject:
Hi Michael
and thanks for the link. I'm still waiting for my trusty postal scale to kill itself so I can make my new digital scale purchase
I bet you can guess which one I'm pulling for
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Posted: Wed Jan 04, 2006 9:49 pm
Post subject:
Cool article about the strain gauge. I never knew about them. But if they also rely on some physical compression, won't the gauge also get worn out like springs do? Probably a lot less noticeable since it displaces far less than a spring scale.
You know what would be cool would be an computer automated mass balance. When you put a weight on, it automatically shifts the weights around to balance it. I bet you can this system extremely fast by fixing the "needle" instead of waiting for the seesaw action. The computer can just check when there was no pressure exerted by the needle to know when it is balanced. You can use the amount of pressure on the needle to calculate 1st and 2nd derivatives to make the balancing even faster. But someone's probably already thought of this already. =)
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Posted: Wed Jan 04, 2006 9:51 pm
Post subject:
I've been looking to get a new scale. My current scale turns off way too quick...While I'm measuring stuff! (Very frustrating).
How long does the i5000 stay on before auto-off?
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Michael Chu
Joined: 10 May 2005
Posts: 1654
Location: Austin, TX (USA)
Posted: Wed Jan 04, 2006 9:51 pm
Post subject:
re: scales and humidity of ingredients
I'm not sure what you mean when you say humidity. Are you asking what to do if, let's say, the flour gets wet? Then the scale would not measure the correct quantity of flour (and for that matter, neither would measuring cups). Hmmmm... I'm not sure what to do in that case. Anyone have some ideas?
re: i5000 auto off timer
I didn't find a specification on this, so I just timed the auto off on my unit. I turned it on and waited for it to zero. Then I looked at my watch and waited until the scale turned itself off. 1 minute 10 seconds. So, I guess the auto-off is on a one minute timer starting when the scale has decided that it's stabilized.
re: strain gauges
It is possible to damage a strain gauge by applying too much force. At some point, the device will be unable to return to its normal shape. That's why you shouldn't put anything more than 11 pounds on an 11 pound scale.
re: hypothetical computerized beam scales
Wouldn't you need at least one strain gauge to tell if the two sides are balanced? Or one at the fulcrum to see if the needle was pulling to one side? The system would still have to wait for the oscillations to settle before a reading could be made because otherwise it would detect imbalance and keep swinging masses around on the beam. Interesting concept though. It appeals to the nerd in me... I wonder if you could do something with accelerometers. I'll think about it some more tomorrow (if I get some free time).
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Posted: Wed Jan 04, 2006 9:52 pm
Post subject:
re: moisture content...
I don't know about flour, but I'm thinking that there must exist some ingredients that can vary in moisture content up to some point without drastically changing in bulk volume. Maybe they'd be horribly stale and unfit for use at that point, but this is a hypothetical question.
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Posted: Wed Jan 04, 2006 9:53 pm
Post subject:
I want to start off by saying that I love your site and it's a great resource. However, I think you may be confusing the term "precision" with the more correct term: accuracy. When discussing measurement, precision is much more closely related to reliability. So long as we are discussing baking as a science, I feel this is an important distinction.
Thanx, keep up the great work.
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Posted: Wed Jan 04, 2006 9:53 pm
Post subject:
I just realized that I misread and you had it right all along, nevermind.
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Posted: Wed Jan 04, 2006 9:53 pm
Post subject:
Does anyone know of any scales that have a high enough capacity for use in the kitchen and measure in increments of .1 g?
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Russell Coleman
Posted: Wed Jan 04, 2006 9:58 pm
Post subject:
I bought the TH-9802L digital scale at Target. It has a capacity of 4.5 pounds. It measures in increments of .005lbs in pounds mode or .01oz in ounces mode. I use it all the time and am very happy with it.
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Posted: Wed Jan 04, 2006 9:59 pm
Post subject:
^ Still too much error... Oh well, looks like I'll have to buy 2 scales.
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Real Salt Lake
Real Salt Lake Head Coach Jason Kreis
On losing a match the way they did today:
"I think we have a strong enough group, a mature enough group and it won't affect us too bad. A little bit of a bad situation because it's two weeks in a row, so we need to fix some things for sure. What's interesting in a game like that is that there is a lot of bad but there is also a lot of good. I think we need to continue to press upon how many good things there were today with the team and we'll get after the bad things. I think it's just a few things we need to clear up."
On getting Alvaro Saborio back:
"It's truly important to get him back and also scoring goals. You know he was critical for us there and he played a very good match. I wondered a bit about his fitness level, coming back from being with Costa Rica for so long. When you're a coach in those situations you have no idea what they're doing to train the players, how they're maybe over-training or under-training, so it makes me a little nervous. Into the game I thought he was a player that looked a little bit more fatigued than I would've liked, but he wasn't the only one there were several."
On having to deal with some many absent players:
"We just do what we can. If you look at the five deepest players, or six deepest players including the goalkeeper and our holding midfielder, we have a lot of second choice players really. But they have all contributed to matches this year, they've all had positive moments and I thought they did the best they could. Those players still need to learn how to play every week at a consistently high level and it's something that only comes through playing."
On conceding two penalty kicks:
"My thoughts are that there was contact on both plays, it's not as if there was a phantom fall down and it was the referee's decision. There was contact from the defender on both of those plays and every time you're going to contact your opponent in the box, you're leaving it up to the referee. Sometimes you're going to like his decisions and sometimes you're not."
Real Salt Lake FW Alvaro Saborio
On today's game:
"This is football, this is why we play. Sometimes it goes our way, sometimes it doesn't, today we're very disappointed with the outcome because of the way we played. We worked all game long, we found ourselves down early 2-0, we had to work hard to come back and go ahead on the scoreboard but we must have better concentration on holding the ball to avoid giving up counterattacks, like we did on the second half."
On coming back to the club after national team duty:
"I felt good, my teammates were glad to welcome me back. I've always said I'm very comfortable with Real Salt Lake, I'm happy here and I'm happy because of the goals I scored but I'm very sad because of the way we lost. We deserved to win… I would've liked to win and come back to the club with a victory, the team played well on my absence and now that I'm back I'm just looking to pitch in and help out. We must now rest and focus on our next opponent."
Real Salt Lake FW Olmes Garcia
On today's match:
"We fought hard and left it all on the pitch to try to win the match, unfortunately they managed to score two late goals and win the game. This is not the end of us tonight, we must continue… It's important to play well and for me personally, I want to be able to help out the team with my abilities, but we're a team and we win as a team and we lose as a team."
On losing two straight matches on last minute goals:
"This is not the last game, we're calm and we have to look forward. We weren't able to get it done today, but we must hold our head high for the remainder of the season because there is still a lot left to play."
New York Red Bulls
New York Red Bulls Head Coach Mike Petke
On the match:
"Great game to watch…I thought we were very good in the first half, thought we did exactly what we wanted to come in here, we knew how they were going to play, defensively they pressure you to one side and they do a phenomenal job and if you don't switch that ball quick enough they're at you. I thought we did well there, we were able to get behind them and create. Some phenomenal stuff from Thierry (Henry), Eric (Alexander), (Fabian) Espindola all working together, combinations getting forward and defensively in the first half we were sound. Second half, didn't start the way we wanted to. We let them dictate the pace and the pressure a bit, but when we snapped out of it we had some moments as well. I didn't see the stats yet but I'm not sure how many shots on goal they had, but I think when they scored the third goal they couldn't have had more than three, four, maybe five unless I'm completely wrong so that's frustrating a bit but they're a lethal team, they're a very good team."
On if he played in any back and forth games like this as a player:
"Yeah, absolutely, many games like that, where it's thrilling one second and it's agony the next second and then you're trying to find a way. We looked out against a team like Salt Lake with not long too go, you start figuring out what you're going to do, what approach you're going to take, whether we're going to put another forward on and chase the game. We were set to pull a defender off and put Marius Obekop on and then once when we got the goal we decided to put him up a little higher. It's a great game, I'm sorry, I'm a little lightheaded from all the screaming and what happened out there, so it was a great game."
On his thoughts after Alvaro Saborio scored his two second half goals:
"I was very unhappy, extremely unhappy allowing him to get those two goals. I think where we excel at times phenomenally is guys like Olave and Holgersson getting a tackle and really stepping up, but then you see the result of what happens when you give a guy like Saborio room out there: he'll make you pay. Listen, my job is ecstasy and agony and there's no in between. This week I'll be happy, for that moment after they scored I was miserable, the moment we scored to tie it up I was happier, the moment we scored to win it I was very happy, so five days to Kansas City, that's my life. But right now I'm very proud of these guys for coming back like that and for the effort they put in."
On his substitution strategy:
"Fabian already had a goal, Thierry is our captain, you know at any moment he can bring out the brilliance and we needed to get more attacking players on obviously, to bring on a Peguy (Luyindula). Jonny Steele I thought worked very hard, he had some very good moments, my thought process was to get three forwards on there, play three at top and we decided to go there, and put him on the left, right before that Tim (Cahill) in the first half got a knock, a very bad knock and he fought through it and it's one of those things that we're fighting with each other. He's telling me I better not take him off and giving me that look that I remember as a player I would do because he wants to be involved, but then to see the work that he puts in, and him grimacing you have to get him off. Having Eric (Alexander) and bringing Lloyd (Sam) on, I thought Lloyd did some very good stuff down the wing. And then Obekop we saw last week when he came on in Toronto, how dangerous he can be, and we're hoping that he can sit behind the three forwards and be a bit of a spark. He didn't get much minutes but I went offensive; even when we tied the game I didn't want to settle for a tie at home. Without sacrificing losing, I wanted to be offensive minded."
On how Dax McCarty is progressing from his previous injury:
"I think Dax is still coming back. I think we had a couple of conversations over the last couple of weeks. He's not satisfied exactly where he's at, neither am I because I expect so much from him. Having said that, he's not playing terrible. I think once Dax embraces exactly what I want from him and can put that in week in, week out, that's when you might see him getting to the next level because we have high hopes for Dax, that's why we signed him to a new contract. He's a big player for this club and he's a very accountable player so he knows he's not where he wants to be but he's playing OK for us and that goal hopefully boosts his confidence."
On his message to the team regarding the physical nature of the game:
"Be smart. The last thing you want is somebody to get ejected. I think there was a lot of fouls called today. I think there were some risks, I think there were some moments but overall, I don't know what the foul stats was, if any team was overly more fouled or not or if it was kind of even but the whistle blew a lot tonight. And you have to adapt to the type of that game, you have to expect he's going to start throwing cards out and I think there was a bunch of cards tonight. I like a physical game, it worked in our favor tonight."
New York Red Bulls FW Thierry Henry
On the team's attitude when the game was tied:
"Well you know they came up with five minutes, so you know you have time to kind of win it. Dax won it for us so, the place went mental. It was the first time I beat Salt Lake and the team that was on top at the moment. Like I said to you, amazing effort, great effort. We came back into it. Three points. Happy."
On what this win says about the team:
"I don't have any doubt of how we play at home, but away from home it's not the same team. So we have to manage our game away from home, play better and at home we're pretty good. But we have to play better away from home if we want to, if we make the playoffs, if we want to win this thing because you know the games away are pretty important. We know we can play well at home as we've just shown and even before that but we have to play better away from home. That's the key right now if we want to be more consistent."
On the former RSL players performance:
"Jonny (Steele) played the same way, running everywhere and fighting for everybody. Espy (Fabian Espindola) did the same thing. I saw him running everywhere, trying to make stuff happen for us and (Jamison) Olave was brilliant in the back again so I guess maybe if you ask them it must have been special for them. I'm happy for Espy, he scored a double, but also for Dax, Dax needed to score a goal especially, and that's going to give him a lot of confidence. But yeah I guess it must have been more than special for them."
New York Red Bulls FW Fabian Espindola
On scoring two goals against his former team:
"It's always important to score you know, to help the team, and then it is special against those guys. I have a lot of care for those guys so that's all I have to say. Like I said it was good because it was against them, just because I did my job. That's all."
On Thierry Henry letting him take the first penalty kick:
"Yeah I have to say thank you for that, he gave me that penalty. He said 'Go ahead buddy,' something like that, just good luck, that was good. I think he did that because it was my former team you know?"
On RSL's second half comeback
"It stinks. A few mistakes we had the game in control. And they have a great team you know, they have a great touch on the ball and I think we put ourselves in a position, I mean too many mistakes and then give up a goal. That was what happened."
On what this comeback says about the team's character
"Strong, I think that that was strong, at home especially because we have to get the three points here so it was good."
New York Red Bulls MF Tim Cahill
On his knock:
"Honestly I don't even know how I got up, but you know, adrenaline rushes through your body. Such a big game, so much importance on it and it happens, you know? I think I took a nasty knock in the first half, one of their players takes a little bit of a knock in the second half and [Jamison] Olave gets a yellow card because the coach asked for a yellow card and he gets one. You know it happens in football, the thing is, after it's disappointing you can't shake hands and get on with it because, you know, in my experience in football, the intensities there and you play and that's it so it needs so explanation."
On playing Real Salt Lake:
"Yeah, I think for me it's all about playing. I said I wanted to get as many minutes under my belt when I play in this league because you want to be fit and you always want to be competing against the best teams, the best teams, and they are one of the best, you know, I watched them yesterday for an hour after training and footballing wise they're brilliant. They're one of the most complete teams I've seen in the league. That's my first opportunity to play against them. So, you know they're a good football team, a very good football team so a lot of credit to them."
On the referees and the team:
"What about last week when I scored, what do they have to say to that, when it was a goal. What about this week? It speaks for itself, you know, there's not much you can say. Anyone who watched the game can make their own assumptions of what they think about the referee. But, for us, like always said, the players, just get on with it, play. People make mistakes, people might not make mistakes, but the main thing is is through our desire to want to win was the reason why we come out on top. You know, we made a few mistakes, but collectively as a team you take responsibility and you know this is the best thing about this team, we're starting to really grow together and you know, it just felt amazing when Dax [McCarty] scored that header. For everyone, I wasn't even on the pitch. The fans were brilliant and it's those special moments in football that make it such a great game."
New York Red Bulls MF Dax McCarty
On his feelings after the match:
"Oh man. That was a crazy one. It's one of the craziest games I've ever been a part of in MLS, my career, every basically. You go from literally shooting yourself in the foot, asking yourself how you let them back in the game. I thought for the most part, first half, completely dominated. To go in giving up a goal with three minutes left, whatever it is, it's a gut punch, it really it. It's a tough one to take and I think we recovered okay and I promise you, other than their goals and the [Javier] Morales free kick, I can't remember our 'keeper having to make a save. That's a great performance against a team like [Real] Salt Lake. They score two goals off two shots in the second half and you're sitting there asking yourself how this is possible, but we got character, we have a lot of character. Fabian [Espindola] was fantastic tonight. I thought both penalties were very, very justified, that's how much you get for being aggressive. And then the game winner, I mean you can't really write it up any better than that. It's a great feeling and I don't know what it is, I always seem to score headers, I don't know why, very strange."
On his thought process before his goal:
"Well it's funny, Mike's [Petke] probably really happy with me right now, but I don't think he's too happy when I was running into the box because after the third goal he said listen, I know we're at home, but sit in front of the back four, we can't give up another goal, you know, we have to be smart about this. And I saw Eric Alexander sitting a little bit when the ball was kind of getting worked out wide, I thought I'll give it a go, why not, only a couple minutes left and it was a great ball by Brandon [Barklage]. What can you say; Brandon has been playing some great service. Honestly I thought, I saw Peguy [Luyindula] and I thought he was about to kick me in the face but figured I'd just channel my inner Tim Cahill and stick my head where it probably didn't belong and luckily you get good contact, you close your eyes and good things happen. So it feels good we needed it. It's a big, big result for us."
On his immediate thoughts after the goal:
"Well my immediate, my immediate thought was I never heard Red Bull Arena that loud before. It was unbelievable, what a great feeling, and my immediate thought was just that this is a game that only happens once every couple of years in MLS. You don't get many games where it's that back and forth, that wide open with as many good opportunities in the last 10 minutes. It felt like kind of a half court game, they would come down at us; we'd go back at them. I think for us it got a little bit more stretched than we would have liked. I was actually very, I was mad at myself. I could've done better on [Alvaro] Saborio's third goal. You know, you think you hold him up and the guy has a fantastic finish. I mean you got to give him credit, but I thought I could've done better so I was a little mad at myself and you know, when you score the game winner in the 90-whatever minute I mean, you feel like a little bit of redemption so I'm just glad I was there at the right time."


text:
Evolution Hoax
Say: " All favor is in Allah's Hand, and He gives it to whoever He wills . Allah is All-Encompassing, All-Knowing. He picks out for His mercy whoever He wills. Allah's favor is indeed immense. " (Surah Al 'Imran, 3:73-74)
One of Allah's immutable laws is that He rewards His sincere servants, both for their zeal and as an indication of His favor, with blessings and beauty. Since wealth, glory, and beauty are the basic attributes of Paradise, Allah creates similar settings and blessings to remind His beloved servants of Paradise and to augment their desire and excitement for it. That is why, just as unbelievers' infinite punishment starts in this world, Allah starts presenting the infinite beauties He promises to His sincere believers in this world.
In one verse, Allah states that He will grant those who repent and seek His forgiveness blessings also in this world. One verse reads:
Ask your Lord for forgiveness and then repent to Him. He will let you enjoy a good life until a specified time, and will give His favor to all who merit it. But if you turn your backs, I fear for you the punishment of a Mighty Day. (Surah Hud, 11:3)
Believers always meet Allah's favor and help. Being aware of the grandeur of Almighty Allah, Who created them, they comply with His commands and prohibitions, live by the religion with which He is pleased, and, most importantly, have great hopes and expectations for their next life. Allah will recompense them for the best of what they did, for He rewards every good made for His cause, as the following verses proclaim:
Will the reward for doing good be anything other than good? ( Surat ar-Rahman, 55:60)
2009-08-19 11:17:57
What will those who invent lies against Allah think on the Day of Rising? Allah shows favor to mankind, but most of them are not thankful. (Surah Yunus, 10:60)
Nor will they give away any amount, whether large or small; nor will they cross any valley, without it being written down for them, so that Allah can recompense them for the best of what they did. ( Surat at-Tawba, 9:121)
The metaphor of those who spend their wealth in the Way of Allah is that of a grain that produces seven ears; in every ear are a hundred grains. Allah gives such multiplied increase to whoever He wills. Allah is All-Encompassing, All-Knowing. ( Surat al-Baqara, 2:261)
Satan promises you poverty and commands you to avarice. Allah promises you forgiveness from Him and abundance. Allah is All-Encompassing, All-Knowing. ( Surat al-Baqara, 2:268)


text:
Manna Pro® Goat Balancer is a comprehensive supplement for all types of goats, including show, dairy and meat goats. Top dress or rough mix with current ration or feed alone to supplement pasture. Read More
Shipping Restrictions:
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Freight charges apply
Manna Pro® Goat Balancer, 10 lb
A comprehensive supplement for all types of goats, including show, dairy and meat goats. Improves milk production, reproduction rate, and appearance for show.
The Goat Balancer product contains:
- sea kelp
- diatomaceous earth
- ammonium chloride
- yucca
- plus Calf Manna, the Ultimate Performance Supplement, is included to promote optimum digestibility
- Crude Protein - - - - 20%
- Crude Fat - - - - - - - 5%
- Crude Fiber - - - - - 15%
Feed ½ to 2 oz per head per day
or add 2 lbs to 50 lbs of grain mix.
Top dress or rough mix with current ration or feed alone to supplement pasture.
Pellet form, 10 lb bag.
- Brand: Manna Pro
- Type: All-in-One
- Form: Pellets
- Size: 10 lb Bag
Reviews (2)
"Helps when your feed options aren't the best"
I got this when I had to get an inferior grain for my goats. Adding this to the grain made up for the missing nutrients in the grain that I had to buy. While I wouldn't recommend as a permanent solution, it worked great in a pinch. The product is good and the goats liked the taste. It was easy to use and palatable to the goats, so I would recommend it.
"Great Product"
I was skeptical at first...but the Manna Pro Goat Balancer has turned out great! Not to mention the fact that it combines all the best supplements to maintain a very healthy goat into one easy to feed product that the goats LOVE to eat...even plain! It contains sea kelp for easier kidding & better coat condition, Calf Manna for better overall conditioning, and Ammonium Chloride to prevent Urinary Calculi...what more could you ask for!
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