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President Barack Obama is defending secret government programs that sweep up Internet data and millions of Americans' phone records in their search for foreign terrorists.
A timeline of controversies surrounding spy programs and privacy:
1978: In response to outrage over spying on activists and other U.S. citizens, Congress passes the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act. It creates a secret court to monitor spying within the United States. Known as the FISA court, its judges sign off on wiretapping and search warrants used against foreign agents and suspected spies and terrorists and Americans involved with them.
September 2001: The shock of the September 11 attacks on New York and Washington pushes George W. Bush's administration to seek new powers to improve intelligence-gathering and prevent terrorism.
October 2001: Congress and Bush rush the USA Patriot Act into law. It gives the government unprecedented authority to search, seize, detain or eavesdrop in pursuit of suspected terrorists. Because of privacy concerns, lawmakers make the eavesdropping provisions and other controversial aspects temporary, requiring renewal by Congress.
December 2005: The New York Times reports that the National Security Agency is secretly eavesdropping on telephone calls and emails of Americans communicating with people outside the United States, without seeking warrants from the FISA court. What becomes known as "warrantless wiretapping" began in 2002 under a presidential order. Critics call it unconstitutional, but the Bush administration says it's legal.
March 2006: Congress votes to renew the Patriot Act, although lawmakers voice concerns about the government's broad powers to conduct surveillance and collect data.
May 11, 2006: USA Today reports that the NSA is secretly collecting phone records of millions of Americans in a giant database. Some of the phone companies cited dispute the story.
August 2006: A federal judge in Detroit rules that the NSA's warrantless surveillance program is unconstitutional because it infringes on free speech, privacy and the separation of powers. The program continues as the case is appealed.
January 2007: Responding to the court challenge and lawmakers' concerns, Bush suddenly changes course. His administration announces it will begin seeking approval from the FISA court when eavesdropping on telephone calls between the U.S. and other countries in pursuit of terrorists.
August 2007: Congress approves changes sought by the Bush administration to the FISA Act, officially allowing NSA eavesdropping on communications between an American and a suspect foreigner, without a FISA judge's approval.
May 2011: Congress passes and Obama signs a four-year extension of Patriot Act provisions on record searches and roving wiretaps. Some lawmakers complain that the law doesn't do enough to protect Americans' privacy and the disagreement forces the renewal to the last minute.
June 5, 2013: A British newspaper, The Guardian, reports that the NSA is collecting the telephone records of millions of American customers of Verizon under a top secret court order. Security experts say the records of other phone companies are also involved.
June 6, 2013: The Guardian and The Washington Post report that the NSA and the FBI are tapping into U.S. Internet companies, including Google and Facebook, scooping out emails, photos and videos to track foreign nationals who are suspected of terrorism or espionage. That night, in a rare disclosure, Director of National Intelligence James Clapper reveals some information about the programs to counter what he says is the "misleading impression" created by news coverage. Clapper says the government is prohibited from "indiscriminately sifting" through the data and can only review it when the query involves a reasonable suspicion that a foreign terrorist organization is involved. Clapper says articles about the Internet program "contain numerous inaccuracies" but does not specify what those might be.
June 7, 2013: Obama defends the programs, saying he came into office with "healthy skepticism" about them and has increased some safeguards to protect privacy. But he offers assurances that "nobody is listening to your telephone calls" or reading citizens' emails. Obama says privacy must be balanced with security: "We're going to have to make some choices as a society."
June 8, 2013: For the second time in three days, Clapper takes the unusual step of declassifying some details of an intelligence program in response to media reports. He says the government program for tapping into Internet usage is authorized by Congress, falls under strict supervision of a secret court and cannot intentionally target a U.S. citizen. Clapper says the data collection had the approval of the secret Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act Court and was done with the knowledge of Internet service providers. He says media revelations of government intelligence-gathering programs are reckless and give America's enemies a "playbook" on how to avoid detection.
June 9, 2013: Edward Snowden, a 29-year-old contractor who claims to have worked at the National Security Agency and the CIA allows himself to be revealed as the source of disclosures about the U.S. government's secret surveillance programs. Snowden tells The Guardian newspaper his "sole motive is to inform the public as to that which is done in their name and that which is done against them."


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Dark chocolate picture (70% cocoa, pure cocoa butter) of plane, Toulouse views This chocolate picture measures 18cm x 18cm When you bite into this chocolate picture, you will enjoy at least 2 of the following flavours: - Dark chocolate with orange - Dark chocolate with roast cocoa beans - Dark chocolate with almond, pistachio and orange - Dark chocolate with hazelnut - Dark chocolate with almond
All our products are homemade each painting is a creation and they are all different.
The picture is not contractual.
ToulouseQuartier Salengro
17 rue des puits clos31000 Toulouse - France
+33 5 61 12 34 75
Toulouse Quartier Capitole
9 rue du Taur31000 Toulouse — France
+33 5 61 39 98 93

subset: commoncrawl


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May 01, 2014
Book Review - Happily Ever After by Harriet Evans
A deeply satisfying but easy read chronicling Elle's development from gawky social misfit to sophisticated New York editor. Finding her feet in the publishing profession, surviving a doomed love affair and coming to terms with her family history, Elle acquires a veneer of sophistication but secretly dreads revealing her real self. Full of insights into the publishing industry and including a marvelous publisher who insists she reads Georgette Heyer, one of my all time favourite authors. The tension between 'good' literature versus commercial sellers is realistically portrayed. Mistakes don't necessarily mean you miss out on the happy ending!
Posted by Camden Council Library Service at Thursday, May 01, 2014
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When: September 22, 2020 7:00 PM - 8:00 PM
The Barrow County Board of Commissioners meets on the second and fourth Tuesdays of each month at 7:00 p.m. in the Board Room at the Historic Courthouse, Second Floor, 30 North Broad Street, in Winder. During each meeting, a Voting Session begins at 7:00 p.m. and a Work Session begins immediately after the Voting Session. The public is invited to attend these public meetings.


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Info - Accommodations
Informations about hotels, boarding houses and residences in Val di Fassa. Search and find here your ideal accommodation. Here you can find additional information about garnis, bed & breakfast and mountain inn's:
The Val di Fassa lies among the most charming mountains in the world, the Dolomites. Surrounded by a white paradise just in the heart of the Sellaronda, the Val di Fassa still waits for you with its kilometres-long slopes and with its wonderful landscape. You can experience your holiday in total freedom by skiing or snowboarding along the 220 km of amusing and perfectly snow-covered slopes that are all easily reachable thanks to fast and ultramodern lifts. Thanks to the ski-lessons for children, the famous "children's land" in Canazei and the different snow parks, the Val di Fassa has become a ski paradise for families. You can plunge into the silent and uncontaminated nature to have a snowshoes excursion along snow-covered paths or forest tracks and for those of you that are looking for stronger emotions why don't reach the imposing Dolomites peaks by ski mountaineering? If you want to savour the glory of the cross-country champion's, the historic Marcialonga track offers you 70 km of pure amusement. The cross-country rings of the Val di Fassa give you also the chance to go cross-country skiing at height altitude or at night, living this sport and the Dolomites in an enchanting way. Many are also the sports and cultural events taking place in the resorts of the valley in winter and that sure make your holiday unforgettable.
Although the village has become a popular tourist destination, Alba di Canazei retains many traces of its Ladin past. Alba is known as a winter sports paradise, but the village also offers numerous summer attractions. Walking through the woods, hiking in the wonderful mountains and other leisure and entertainment facilities such as mountain bike trails, tennis, horse riding and breathtaking paragliding flights.
A small village with historical roots, where well-being and peace are not empty words – one might almost say that Campitello and relaxation are synonymous. Relaxing trails through woods or along sunny meadows, for pleasant walks in the midst of nature.
Canazei is the highest village in the Val di Fassa, located at the foot of the Marmoldada, Gran Vernel, Sass Pordoi and Sella Group – a breathtaking view of the Dolomites awaits you. A sojourn in Canazei offers numerous leisure activities, relaxing walks in the green of uncontaminated nature and of course exciting skiing in the winter months.
In Mazzin there are different leisure activities. Mazzin is able to satisfy the needs and expectations of those who want to spend a nice holiday in the Dolomites, through walks and hikes, but also wellness and relax.
Moena is one of the most visited places in the Dolomites, because of its indescribable beauty. This is the reason why it is called the "fairy of the Dolomites". The village offers many opportunities for winter sports lovers, but also for those who love pleasant walks, short or long hikes in the mountains or climbing. In short, there are plenty of leisure activities!
From Moena you can easily reach the Passo San Pellegrino (1918 m altitude), which is located south of the Marmolada, in the center of the mountain passes Rolle, Carezza, Sella, Pordoi and Valles. The Passo San Pellegrino is one of the most beautiful, majestic, spacious and sunny plateaus in the Dolomites: a magnificent view not to be missed!
This small village is the ideal place for those who like peace and relaxation, but at the same time suitable to entertainment and fun. Absolutely worth seeing is the Valley Contrin, with the huts where you can still enjoy the traditional processing of homemade cheese, handed down from generation to generation. Of course you can also taste the fresh and healthy dairy products.
This village is located in an excellent position for those who love winter walks and cross-country tours. In summer, the ski slopes turn into flowering meadows and hills, ideal for walks and hikes in the fresh mountain air. All this in a unique pristine natural scenery.
Walks in the fresh mountain air, hiking and especially the green of the meadows, the scent of flowers and hay – you will surely spend an unforgettable holiday in this village of the Val di Fassa. Also the hospitality and the warm welcome are unique – come and see for yourself!
A charming place for cross-country lovers, who can train on the famous route Marcialonga in Soraga. In the summer months you can explore the area with the mountain bike, numerous routes with different ability levels await you.
The village is considered a viewpoint over the whole Val di Fassa, with a wide view to the upper (Canazei) and lower valley (Soraga, Moena). The Dolomites surround Vigo as a crown, which turn red pearl at sunset … certainly a view that should be enjoyed together with a good glass of wine.
Skipass Info >>


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The dining room of the Chef's Palette Cafe & Grill looks much like any high-end restaurant. A hostess stand sits at the entrance. Formal place settings, replete with bread plates, salad, and dinner forks on the left, crisp white triangular folded napkins in the middle, two knives to the right, dessert fork and spoon atop, and water goblet just off to the side, sit on each tabletop. Pristine black tablecloths gently drape over wood-framed chairs with deep-red upholstered seatbacks and cushions.
Although the space itself seems intimate enough, there is more of a buzz in the air than you would find at most formal spots. Windows exposing classrooms and kitchens surround the room. Students excitedly pass back and forth from room to room wearing bright-white chef's coats, often carrying with them books and the occasional cake or baked good.
Part of the Art Institute of Fort Lauderdale, the Chef's Palette is a student-run restaurant. As a six-credit class usually taken during an undergrad's last semester, the restaurant gives future chefs hands-on training in the real-time workings of a live restaurant. During the ten-week course, students take turns operating the front and back of house for paying customers, spending half of the time in each area with a role that changes daily.
It's a diverse group running around, with cooks ranging in age, ethnicity, and background -- from a 29-year-old woman who is a practicing attorney from New York to a soft-spoken 19-year-old man who dreams of working in European kitchens. Through the glass, chef instructor Dustin Gordon can be seen working with the students in the restaurant's kitchen. At 37, with the exception of his tall pleated toque blanche -- which indicates higher rank than the floppy white hats donned by students -- Gordon could easily be mistaken for one of his pupils.
The class operates three days a week. Wednesdays are used for setting the dining room, prepping, and receiving food. Thursdays and Fridays, the restaurant is open to the public from 12:30 to 2:30 p.m. and again from 6 to 8 p.m.
Another glaring difference from your typical high-end eatery is the price tag. For $14.99 for lunch, $19.99 for dinner, guests get three courses with around five appetizers, four entrées, and three desserts from which to choose. Beverages range from organic iced green citrus tea ($2.50) to Pellegrino ($4) to beers, mimosas, and wines by the bottle or glass (ranging from a $6 glass of DeLoach Chardonnay to a $30 bottle of Meiomi pinot noir). You're dining on a meal prepared by students, after all, but students being groomed to work in the finest restaurants.
While student input is always encouraged, Gordon decides the menu, making sure to employ a number of cooking techniques, flavors, and ingredients. On every menu, which changes each semester, different dishes employ braised, grilled, pan-seared, or poached elements to ensure the students gain as much experience as possible.
John Noble Masi oversees the class and the program. A graduate of the prestigious Culinary Institute of America, where his father taught for 30 years, his goal is to ensure that students are prepared to move into the culinary world.
"Our biggest thing is education," Masi says. "We focus on international cuisines and ingredients, incorporating food from 38 different countries. We want them to master the French methods."
This semester, the local heirloom tomato, grilled artichoke, and haricot vert salad is served with crispy poached egg and lemon vinaigrette, using both frying and poaching techniques. The egg is covered with a crunchy layer of breading that encases a smooth, soft white and creamy yolk that oozes out when pierced with a fork for a rich and velvety contrast to the fresh bright flavors of the vegetables and bitter frisee.
Entrées include a pan-seared Florida's fresh local catch, snapper for the day. The fish was presented atop a briny broth with littleneck clams, wild mushrooms, al dente broccolini, and Asian ponzu vinaigrette: slightly salty and full of flavor.
Before bringing out dessert, the student servers removed the salt and pepper from the table and repositioned the dessert utensils -- a traditional form of service rarely found these days. In addition to a warm chocolate cake and poached tropical fruit with coconut ice cream, hazelnut tuille, and kaffir lime syrup, fresh baked apples were offered for dessert. Dished out in a clear collins glass with layers of vanilla ice cream, salted caramel, and amaretto crumble topped with an intricate delicate sugar glass, it was more aesthetically pleasing than the majority of pastries found in restaurant kitchens.
With high-end food, attentive service, and minimal price tag, it's kind of hard to beat the experience -- as long as you don't mind some action while you dine.
The Art Institute's Chef's Palette Cafe & Grill is located at 1650 SE 17th St. in Fort Lauderdale. Call 954-760-7957 for reservations. Visit artinstitutes.edu.
Follow Sara Ventiera on Twitter, @saraventiera.
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Linen Elsie Upholstered Bed - Full Bed by World Market Talc/Full
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Beds -Boasting an elegant arch, our custom-made Linen Elsie Bed is handcrafted in the U.S.A. with crisp linen upholstery. This complete bed with frame and headboard is a dreamy deal in an array of hues. Pair it with our coordinating bedroom benches or McKenzie Ottoman in the same custom fabric for a pulled together look. Material: , Color:. Also could be used forbed, bed frame, bed furniture, bedroom, bedroom furniture, elsie bed, furniture, headboard, linen bed, linen bed frame, linen headboard, living furniture, made in the usa. By Cost Plus World Market.
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text: Awhile ago I was talking with my friend John. You might know him from JohnWickPresents.com. Keep in mind that I called him my friend, it's quasi-important\interesting later. Anyway, John offhandedly mentioned something about the Forefathers of Gaming. We discussed, briefly, who our personal forefathers were before the conversation moved elsewhere. For some strange reason that conversation has been rattling around in my brain for some time. I keep going back to it and thinking about my personal forefathers. Something about my list just didn't seem right to me.


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Photos of Olivier Theyskens's Collection for Theory, Theyskens' Theory
Olivier Theyskens Debuted His Theyskens' Theory Collection Today
>> Today on the rooftop of Theory's Meatpacking District headquarters, Olivier Theyskens debuted his capsule collection, dubbed Theyskens' Theory, which he moved to New York to develop.
The New York Times's Eric Wilson writes of the collection: "The clothes are remarkable because they reflect Mr. Theyskens's signature drainpipe style, but also look like Theory's urban wardrobe." There are 80 looks in all, priced 30 to 40 percent higher than Theory's main collection. Among the goods: a narrow-sleeved leather jacket with white cotton lining (under $1,000), trim white jeans with loose-fitting pockets and cuffs sewn to stay rolled (about $240), floaty dresses made with double layers of Japanese crinkle polyster ($690), a black washed silk dress with elastic straps and pockets (around $500 to $550), jackets cut with a deep notch at the back of the neck, suit separates in stretch wool, jeans painted with a silver paint substance, and shoes. In the past, when Theyskens worked for Rochas and Nina Ricci, his creations were upwards of $2,000.
"I think the one thing that maybe people don't understand is the range that Olivier is capable of," Theory's president and founder Andrew Rosen, who owns a horse named "Theyskens' Theory," said. "I think that he was very much inspired by doing something more democratic."


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I'm currently writing a document collaboratively and I need to make sure that the compilation is executed correctly on every possible system (e.g., that the document encoding - UTF-8 - is detected by most editors - if not all - the .tex file is opened in, that all packages are found during compilation, and so on).
The final version of the LaTeX document will be compiled by other people, and I don't know which TeX distribution, platforms and editors will be used; for this reason, I'm in search of a general solution to the problem.
What are the current best practices to achieve this goal? At present, I've thought about:
- inserting appropriate modelines into the preamble (like the TeXShop one
% !TEX encoding = UTF-8) to solve the encoding problem, and
- using the
snapshotpackage to get a list of all required dependencies and putting them along my LaTeX file in the RCS I'm using.
Are there other points I'm missing?


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With over 900 million users, Facebook has become one of the most popular websites in the world. Facebook advertising helps you connect with people who are the right fit for your business using pinpoint gender and location targeting. Our Facebook advertising service will give your business a professionally written advertisement that will be displayed to a minimum of 100,000 active Facebook users. Your ad can be written to target your own website.An example of a facebook advertisement can be seen below:
What types of websites are not allowed to be advertised on Facebook Advertising?
Home based business without a clear business model, websites that promote the sale of prescription pharmaceuticals and websites with explicit or illegal activity are not allowed to be advertised on Facebook. Details of Facebook's advertising policy can be found here. We will refund your order if Facebook does not allow your campaign to run.
We will send you a report with a screen shot of your advertisement the day before it goes live. We use your instructions including proposed ad copy from your order information to create this. You do have the option of changing your ad at any time via our customer service team.
Why can't I find my advertisement on Facebook?
You cannot see your ad or sponsored story actually running on Facebook unless you are part of the target audience you selected. Even if you are part of the target audience, you aren't guaranteed to see your ad or sponsored story because Facebook may have determined that other content is more relevant to you. Furthermore with millions of Facebook users, the odds to view your advertisement live are very slim.
How can I see how many clicks my Facebook advertisement has received?
You will receive a report showing the actual impressions and clicks delivered for the previous 30 days after each renewal
What are the character limits for the title and body of my Facebook advertisement?
Your ad, which must include a title and body, is limited to 25 characters for the title and 90 characters for the body.
How many cities or countries can I include in my Facebook advertisement targeting?
You can target each Facebook Ad to up to 3 countries or cities. If you choose to target more than one country, please note that you won't be able to refine your targeting to reach only specific cities. If you'd like to target certain cities, you're welcome to order multiple advertisements that each targets a single country.
Can I make changes to my Facebook advertisement?
Changes to your ad copy and/or targeting options are allowed once per month and can be done so by contacting us.
Where do you get the image for my Facebook advertisement?
We will get the image for your advertisement from the URL you enter when ordering. If you would like us to use a specific image please email us with the image. All ad images have dimensions of 100 pixels wide x 72 pixels tall.Images may not exploit political, sexual, or other sensitive issues. Images may not be overly sexual, imply nudity, show excessive amounts of skin or cleavage, or focus unnecessarily on body parts.


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So as I said last week, I'm here in Agritechnica and I'm already running into people I know. Of course, I did stop at the USA Pavilion where I might find a familiar face. In fact I did, when I caught up with Ron Roglis, director of marketing and sales, HCC Inc. and he had a little news that typifies why companies go to the show in the first place.
"We've been coming six years, but this is the first time we had a distributor for our product," he explains. The company has made its Gateway Sieves which work with a range of combines in both plastic and aluminum design.
HCC - makers of grain reel enhancements and more - has often had innovations for U.S. farmers, and now farmers in Europe can have the same tool. Roglis says his company has found a distributor for its products which work on Lexion, New Holland and John Deere combines.
It's the value of any show to connect companies with customers. For Agritechnica exhibitors the value is connecting with not just farmers but with distributors that can help get your product from the warehouse to the customer. And for Roglis, that's what this year is about.
"We have the product on display here at the USA pavilion, and our distributor will have it on display at their exhibit," he explains.
That distributor - Agri Broker Power Siebe - offers farmers a range of combine upgrades, that now include that HCC product.
It's a solid example of getting products from maker to farmer in new ways. This is just a quick first-day impression. I'll share more as the week progresses, plan on joining me every afternoon here at Farm Industry News this week.
And to keep up with our coverage at the show, visit our special page at farmindustrynews.com/agritechnica


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by Nancy Levack, Susan Hauser, Lauren Newton, and Pat Stephenson, Editors
© TSBVI 1996/1997 Edition - 400 pages Order # 59427BSP
Also available on disk - MAC or DOS (textfiles-no forms) Order # 59427BSD
Note: This curriculum is sold unbound and printed on 3-hole punched 8 1/2 x 11 paper ready for a ring binder.
Table of Contents for this book.
Companion Books
Designed for students at TSBVI who are between the ages of 6 and 22 who have visual impairments combined with other disabilities, such as hearing impairments or dual sensory impairments and/or severe developmental delays.
It is particularly designed for students who learn best within highly structured routines and who have great difficulty generalizing what they learn to new situations.
- Functional activities from the domestic, recreation/leisure, and vocational domains, with infused skills training in social interactions (including communication) and emotional development, sensory and motor development, basic concepts, and representation/cognition
- Assessment procedures
Basic Skills for Community Living: Activity Routines
by Pat Stephenson
© TSBVI Revised 2008 - 230 pages Order # 59428BSA, or textfile - Order # 59428AD
A companion book to Basic Skills for Community Living for the domestic, recreation/leisure, and vocational domains, including activity routine discrepancy analysis forms preprinted with routine steps with permission to copy. The routines are sold unbound and printed on 3-hole punched 8 1/2 x 11 paper ready for a ring binder.
Contents of Basic Skills for Community Living: A Curriculum for Students with Visual Impairments and Multiple Disabilities
by Nancy Levack, Susan Hauser, Lauren Newton, and Pat Stephenson (Eds.)
Part One: The Overall Program
Chapter 1: Overview
- Intended Population
- Philosophy
- The Role of Community-Based Instruction
- The Transdisciplinary Approach to Programming
- The Continuum of Programming at TSBVI
- Curriculum Content
- Functional Activities
- Developmental Skills
- How to Integrate Functional Activities and Developmental Skills in Programming
Chapter 2: Assessing the Student
- Who Should Assess
- How to Do an Assessment in Preparation for an ARD Meeting
- Assessments to Be Done by the Classroom Teacher
- Other Teacher Activities for the Pre-ARD Meeting
- Assessments to Be Done by the Residential Instructor
- Assessments to be Done by Support Staff
- Assessments to Be Done by the Work Skills Teacher
- Additional Assessments for Specific Needs
- Timelines for ARD Preparation
- Additional Readings and Resources
Chapter 3: Transition Planning
- Philosophy
- Guidelines for Transition Planning
- Who Does What in the Transition Process?
- When Students are 14 Years or Older
- The Role of TSBVI in the Transition Process for Students 16 Years and Older
- Identified Outcomes and the Student's IEP Goals
- Making Decisions About Future Services
- When Community Services Have Been Arranged
- Guidelines for Completing the Individual Transition Plan Summaries
- Additional Readings and Resources
Chapter 4: Developing the IEP
- What is an IEP?
- Drafting the Goals and Objectives for the IEP
- How to Lead the Pre-ARD Meeting
- How to Use the IEP Form
- The ARD Committee Meeting
- After the ARD Committee Meeting
- TSBVI's Role When Students are Returning to LEAs
- Additional Readings and Resources
Chapter 5: Planning and Documenting Instruction
- The Daily Schedule
- Suggestions for Planning the Daily Schedule
- Lesson Plans and Data Keeping
- Activity Routines
- Special Considerations When Using Activity Routines
- Activity Routine Discrepancy Analysis
- Diagnostic Teaching
- Writing and Documenting the Progress Report
- How to Fill Out the Progress Report
- Documenting and Closing Out the IEP
- Documenting the Behavior Plan
- Documenting Work Training
- Additional Readings and Resources
Chapter 6: Effective Teaching Strategies
- The Student's Environment
- Arrangement of the Environment
- Positioning the Student
- Materials
- Activity Routines
- Developing a Routine
- Using the Discrepancy Analysis
- Scheduling Routines
- Adjusting the Routine to the Student
- Prompting
- Forms of Prompting
- Types of Prompts
- Methods of Prompting
- Timing of Prompts
- Reducing Prompt Dependency
- Fading and Shaping
- Rewards, Value Sharing, and Reinforcement
- Reinforcing for Motivation
- Human Interaction
- Behavior Management
- Problems with Communicating
- Physical Problems
- Emotional Problems
- Problems with Learning New Skills
- Tuning in to the Student
- The MANDT System
- Adaptations
- Factors Influencing Learning
- Factors Influencing Visual Learning
- Auditory Factors That Affect Learning
- Other Factors That Affect Learning
- Additional Readings and Resources
Chapter 7: The Role of the Residential Instructor
- Responsibilities of the Prime Advocate
- Assessment
- Planning Activities
- Planning and Documenting Instruction
- The Daily Schedule
- Writing the Progress Report
- Student Notebooks
- Safety
- DO and DON'T
Part Two Content Areas
Chapter 8: Domestic Activities
- Philosophy
- Areas of Domestic Activities
- Assessment
- Using Activity Routines for Instruction
- Teaching Strategies and Adaptations
- Example of Personal Hygiene Strategies
- Example of a Personal Hygiene Routine
- Additional Readings and Resources
Chapter 9: Career Education
- The Four Levels of Programming
- Career Awareness
- Career Exploration
- Career Preparation
- Job Readiness
- Career Awareness Focus
- Establishing a Work Routine
- Introduction of Work Tasks
- Introduction of Money
- Self-Management of Routine
- Site Rotation and Documentation
- Career Exploration Focus
- Increase of Tolerance and Stamina
- Expanding Work Routine
- Increasing Task Skills
- Self-Management
- Assessment
- Work-Related Activities Assessment
- Parent Survey on Student Preferences
- Documentation
- Career Portfolio
- Resume of Work Training Experience
- Career Education Report
- Guidelines and Strategies
- Selecting Training Sites
- New Work Assignments
- Routines
- Additional Readings and Resources
Chapter 10: Leisure and Recreation
- Philosophy
- Importance of Choice
- Enhancing the Student's Image
- Importance of Age-Appropriate Activities
- Building Self-Esteem Through Leisure
- Assessment
- Planning/Observation
- Determining the Student's Strengths
- Survey of Interests
- Brainstorming
- Determination of Needs
- IEP Recommendations
- Criteria for Selecting Skills
- Choosing Goals and Skills
- Writing IEP Goals and Objectives
- Instruction
- What To Teach
- How To Teach
- Activity Routines
- Problem Solving
- Maintaining a Resume of Recreation/Leisure Activities
- Additional Readings and Resources
Chapter 11: Communication
- Philosophy
- The Model for Teaching Communication
- Major Goal Areas for Communication Programming
- Principles for Selecting Goals and Objectives in Communication
- Selecting Objectives
- Before Teaching a New Skill
- Communicative Form
- Communicative Function
- Selecting Contexts for Teaching Communication
- Teaching Communication as an Infused Objective
- Teaching Communication as a Primary Objective
- General Approaches to Teaching Communication
- Van Dijk Methods
- Joint Action Routines
- Hanen Techniques/Ecological Communication System
- Unit Teaching
- Incidental Teaching
- Selecting the Best Method for Your Student
- A Standard Tactile Symbol System
- Who Can Use Tactile Symbols?
- Why Would a Student Use Tactile Symbols?
- How the Symbols Have Been Used
- Considerations in Developing a Tactile Symbol System
- Conclusion
- Strategies Related to Communicative Form
- Forms for Communication are Limited
- Transitioning to Higher Form Levels
- Transition from Object Symbols to Pictures
- Transition from Objects to Tactile Symbols (for Totally Blind Students)
- Transition from Physical Manipulation to Gesture
- Developing Social Interactive Skills
- Establishing Primary Relationships
- Maintaining Interaction by Actively Participating
- Initiating Interaction
- Terminating Interactions or Rejecting Materials Appropriately
- Responding to or Using Questions
- Developing and Expanding Communicative Functions
- Intentional Requesting or Rejecting
- Making Choices
- Requesting or Labeling
- Developing Communicative Content
- Topics for Interaction and Communication are Limited
- Expanding Meaning Categories
- Additional Readings and Resources
Chapter 12: Calendars
- Philosophy
- How to Use Calendars to Teach Skills
- Cognition
- Communication
- Time Concepts
- Social Development
- Common Characteristics of All Calendars
- Components of a Calendar
- Symbols
- Framework of the Calendar Design
- Differentiated Time Intervals
- Routines for the Daily Calendar
- Routines for the Weekly or Multi-Weekly Calendar
- Group Calendar vs. Individual Calendar
- Dialogue
- Types of Calendars
- Anticipation Systems
- Calendar Boxes with Objects
- Two-Dimensional Calendars with Symbols and/or Pictures
- Weekly Calendars
- Multi-Weekly or Monthly Calendars
- General Guidelines for Effective Implementation of Calendars
- Additional Readings and Resources
Chapter 13: Social Skills and Behavior Management
- Social Emotional Skill Development
- Assessment and Goal Selection
- Intervention
- Social Skills Assessment Form
- Annual Report of Social Skills
- Sexuality Education
- Behavior Management
- Philosophy
- Positive Approach to Behavior Management
- Proactive Prevention of Behaviors (or Keeping Problems from Occurring)
- Intervening After Behavior Has Occured
- Strategies for Effective Proactive Intervention
- Crisis Intervention
- The Role of Stress and Anxiety
- Formal Behavior Intervention Procedures
- Assessment Procedures
- Baseline Data Collection
- Writing the Intervention Plan
- Documenting the Plan's Effectiveness by Evaluating Student Behavior
- Re-Evaluating the Plan/Strategies
- Incident Reports
- Summary of Behavior Plan Development
- Additional Readings and Resources
- Appendix A. Forms
- Appendix B. Glossary


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Men's Boots
Our collection of men's boots ensures you have a pair for every occasion. Our great range of men's desert boots and Chelsea boots are an essential for any man's wardrobe. Our range of boots for men doesn't stop there, we also have a top selection of men's walking boots from brands like Regatta, Karrimor and HiTec have you sorted for the great outdoors. Our men's boots range has been carefully selected to ensure we have all the bases covered from formals through to safety. So what are you waiting for? Shop our fantastic range of men's boots now!
Mens Desert Boots | Mens Safety Boots | Mens Formal Boots | Mens Walking Boots


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Belly Bands by LCI Paper are the perfect decorative layer or wrap for your invitations. Made from light weight and flexible paper invitation belly bands are offered in many colors, 2 sizes (1 1/2" x 12" and 1 1/2" x 14") and paper finishes and can be ordered blank or custom printed. Belly bands are not self-sealing so you will need to use tape or glue, we recommend ZipDry Glue.
Home > Wedding > Invitation Supplies >
Invitation Belly Bands
Ebony Invitation Belly Bands, Colors Matt, 14 Inch
Order this card printed using a larger screen: desktop/laptop computer or tablet.
Product Description
Add the finishing touch to your invites with our invitation belly bands made from Colors MATT Ebony paper stock. Belly bands are cut from light text weight paper making it a snap to fold & wrap. 1 1/2 x 14 inch size is ideal for embellishing our 6 1/4 square pockets & pochettes. Bands are pre-cut to size, simply wrap and secure in the back with adhesive.
Category Description: Invitation Belly Bands
Our convenient, pre-cut invitation belly bands are made with light weight, flexible paper that is easy to wrap and fold. Available in a full range of colors, in smooth matte and metallic finishes, and in two sizes to accommodate your rectangular or square invitation design:
- 1 1/2 x 12 inch size for 5 x 7 (A7) invitation cards, folders, pockets, pochettes, and gate fold wraps
- 1 1/2 x 14 inch size for 6 1/4 cards and wraps
Bands arrive pre-cut and flat. Simply wrap around your card design and secure in the back with adhesive.
Product specs
|Item Code:
|CMYK Match:
|N/A [disclaimer]
|Eco Features:
|Gmund Colors Matt
|- [disclaimer]
|Print Template:
|Visit Templates Page


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Kid's Vintage Solid Red Western Shirt
$58.00Style No: 840Y-RED-YT2-8
Rockmount's red kid's companion shirts, in traditional slim fit. The longest continuously produced western shirt in the world, this model features Sawtooth pockets & Diamond snaps. Children's have same rugged construction as adults to last through the hand-me-downs. Made in USA. This soft, high construction 65/35 cotton blend is available in four colors: Red, Turquoise, White, Black.
Product Details
- Cotton blend
- Sawtooth pockets
- Diamond snaps
- Machine wash cold
- Made in USA


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Minn. homeowner recorded break-in, teens' deaths
LITTLE FALLS, Minn. (AP) — Court documents show a Minnesota man accused of fatally shooting two teenagers has a surveillance system that recorded video of the cousins as they broke into his home Thanksgiving Day.
The St. Cloud Times reports that search warrants reveal 64-year-old Byron David Smith also made an audio recording of the shootings. Smith is charged with murdering Nick Brady and Haile Kifer at his home in Little Falls.
The warrants allege Smith was sitting in a basement chair when he shot Brady, and that he shot Kifer minutes later. The warrants also say Smith appeared to have blood on his shoes and clothes when authorities arrived.
Authorities learned of the video and audio recordings while searching Smith's home. They subsequently seized several computer memory cards and computer equipment.


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- This event has passed.
Mississippi's Used Auto Dealer Pre-Licensing Seminar 4/18/20
April 18 @ 8:00 am - 5:00 pm$395
Print and submit the registration form.
Registration Fee – $395.00
Please submit registrations with payment to MIADA at least seven days prior to the date of the seminar you plan to attend. Registration fee includes Dealer Manual. Your seat will be reserved and certificates will be received at the end of the seminar. WE DO NOT ACCEPT ANY CASH. Registration Fee does not include MIADA membership.
Late Registration Fee – $25.00 Late registrations will be accepted the week before class.
Walk-ins are NOT accepted on the morning of class.
On the day of the seminar, NO checks will be accepted.
Transfer Fee – $50.00 If you wish to transfer your registration to another scheduled seminar date, a 72-hour notice is required and a transfer fee is applied.
Cancellations – $50.00 All cancellations are to be made 72 hours in advance in order to receive a refund, minus the cancellation fee.
*Please Note: Due to limited and reserved seating, we cannot allow anyone to sit-in.


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Nikon D5100
- Brand: Nikon
- Subject: Digital Cameras
- Category: SLR Cameras
- E-mail to a friend
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Photokina report
Nikon announced the new 16.2-megapixel Nikon D5100 Digital SLR camera designed for those ready to artistically express themselves and need a versatile SLR camera that can keep pace creatively. The new Nikon D5100 Digital SLR camera includes features designed to enhance the shooting experience, including an impressive new 3 inch, sharp and clear 921,000 dot Vari-angle LCD screen and full HD (1080p) movie recording with full-time auto focus. The Nikon D5100 SLR camera houses a host of new and innovative features aimed at giving digital photographers the tools to shatter creative constraints and tell stories with amazing photo quality and stunning HD videos.
Nikon D5100 SLR camera
The Nikon D5100 allows digital photographers of all levels to confidently execute new and creative ways to tell stories with amazing color and clarity. Whether shooting high over crowds or down low to a toddlers point of view, the Nikon D5100 swing out style Vari-angle LCD screen makes it easy to compose and share great pictures. Displaying even the most subtle details with clarity, the super sharp LCD has a 1000:1 contrast ratio and 921,000-dot resolution, with the ability to rotate 180 degrees horizontally and vertically.
Nikon D5100 picture quality
The 16.2-megapixel DX-format CMOS sensor inside the Nikon D5100 camera is capable of capturing photos that erupt with color and offer amazing sharpness and clarity to create pictures and full HD movies even in low-light conditions. Coupled with Nikons exclusive EXPEED 2 image processing engine, photos are brought to life with vivid colors and amazing contrast, accurate exposure, and low noise levels resulting in brilliant image quality. The Nikon EXPEED 2 engine also drives the quick 11-point AF system on the Nikon D5100 to provide rapid focus acquisition even on fast moving subjects. When shooting action with the Nikon D5100, split second shutter response and four frames per second burst rate make sure no moment is missed, forever putting to rest the story of the one that got away.
Nikon D5100 video support
The Nikon D5100 SLR camera offers variable frame rates and resolutions for movies, and can record 1080p at a cinema-like 24 or 30fps, or a web-friendly 720p resolution at either 24 or 30 fps for up to 20 minutes per clip, in the AVC-HD H.264 codec. Once recorded, movie clips can be edited and trimmed in the Nikon D5100 camera to save time in post production. Whether utilizing a wireless or hot shoe mounted microphone such as the new Nikon ME-1, sound can be recorded via the stereo microphone input for professional audio results. Captured movies with the new Nikon D5100 camera can be easily shared using the HDMI output, and controlled remotely with HDMI CEC compatibility.
Nikon D5100 manual controls
The versatile Nikon D5100 SLR camera will motivate shooters to further explore creatively with its advanced camera features including full manual controls (P,S,A,M on the mode dial) offering the ability to manage the Nikon D5100 aperture and shutter speeds. Once the photo is captured, photographers have the flexible retouch menu at their disposal to apply additional in-camera effects and editing options including color and filter effects, red eye correction and NEF (RAW) processing.
Nikon D5100 price
The Nikon D5100 SLR camera will be available throughout the United States beginning mid April 2011 at an estimated selling price of $799.95 for the body only, and $899.95 for the Nikon D5100 body and lens outfit that includes the Nikon AF-S DX Zoom-NIKKOR 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6G ED VR lens.


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These days, promising business opportunities abound, thanks to the continued growth of the gig economy. In today's digital age, small businesses and scrappy freelancers can serve consumers throughout the world. Before you consider a side hustle, however, it's important to consider your options. Here are some of the key factors to keep in mind before you dive in.Read More >
Public speaking is a vital part of business, but it also can be a source of anxiety… don't worry, it doesn't have to be! Here are some techniques for calming your nerves and injecting liveliness into your speech.Read More >
Big data can provide valuable insight into a how a company can cut waste, boost productivity and gain a competitive edge. Here's how your company can use analytics to move ahead of market peers and increase its bottom line.Read More >
Inspiring stories, practical advice and feel-good inspiration all available via PodcastRead More >
As they strive for success, people tend to overcomplicate their work lives, when they should be looking for ways to streamline their days. Here are our five insider tips to simplify your work and maximize your productivity and profitability.Read More >
At the beginning of my freelance career, I made a few easily avoidable mistakes. Here are some of the worst errors, along with some important lessons that set me up for success.Read More >
Have you ever felt disappointed with a business's conduct or actions, especially when you once trusted that organization? Have you even gone so far as to cease doing business with a company because of it?Read More >
Entrepreneurship by its nature is about forging your own path, doing things your way, building success on your terms. But that doesn't mean you can't learn from others who were once in your shoes and plotted a successful course.Read More >
When it comes to business, a thank you can go a long way. With a well-written thank you can go even further -- endearing you to clients and associates and helping make customers and compadres for life.Read More >
Selling isn't easy, especially if you aren't practiced or prepared. Here are six critical selling habits that can increase your sales and referrals.Read More >
All entrepreneurs face major obstacles that stand in the way of success. For women entrepreneurs, however, things can be especially challenging, due to stereotypes among investors, partners and even customers. Here is our advice on how to fight through adversity and achieve your business goals.Read More >
Having an established financial safety net is important for everyone, but it's especially important for remote workers, freelancers, and other professionals with similar working setups.Read More >
While different in many ways, most small and medium sized enterprises have common experiences as they move from the point of inception to sustainability. Here's what you can expect from the growth cycle of your SME.Read More >
B2B marketing, a.k.a. the practice of marketing to businesses, is different than marketing to individuals (also called B2C marketing, or business to consumer marketing).Read More >
As an entrepreneur, there are countless tasks, projects, and priorities vying for your attention at any given time. If you want to stay productive and on track to accomplish all of your business goals, you need to be organized.Read More >
As work become more flexible, the concept of office culture is becoming more complex and abstract. Here's how the sharing economy has influenced the way people work and the way people think about work.Read More >
As a designer and/or developer, all you need is a computer and an Internet connection, right?Read More >


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Welcome to RedWolf Airsoft,
You've been selected to try the beta version of our new online store.
Would you like to try our completely new experience?
With the invention of O-rings in the fill valves a few years ago, Taiwan manufacturers have commonly adopted this feature to their gas powered models. For those who have not had the pleasure to handle various GBB pistols: The magazines of pistols from KJW, HFC and such are commonly equipped with an extra O-ring in the fill valve, to prevent gas from being wasted when you fill the magazine.
Tokyo Marui and other Japanese makes have not adopted this feature, for one reason or another. The extra O-ring has received criticism because of the fact that it's hard to tell when a magazine is full, and sometimes the back pressure may keep liquid from going into the magazine, save for a small spurt.
While there have been some guides how to add this feature to your existing magazines, there's always the risk of hindering the operation of the valve with too much superglue or a seal of the wrong size. And if you have a few magazines for each pistol you own, as well as 40 mm shells, it may take time to gather enough lighters or other items from which to cannibalize suitable O-rings.
A far more simple and quick fix, yet just as effective for excess bleeding, can be made from a piece of heat-shrink tubing. Because all naked light and heat should be kept away from the gas bottle, as the gas is highly flammable (propane), we'll use a helper tool to create the seal. The gas nozzle is 2.8 mm, so a 3 mm screwdriver shaft will do.
The general idea is to get a tight-fitting tubing around the gas nozzle. Instead of having the seal in the magazine, it's on the nozzle. The first thing to do is find a suitable metal or plastic tube, to act as a form on which to shrink the tubing. A drop of silicone on the form will make removing the tubing easier after it has shrunk.
After cutting a suitable length of heat-shrink tubing, place it over the lubricated form and apply heat to the tubing. Rotate the tube to get an even deformation on all sides. The tip of the tubing should be left just a bit over the form to allow it shrink just a bit smaller.
Then you simply pull the tubing off the form, and fit it on the gas nozzle. The thick end should meet the step on the gas nozzle to prevent the tubing from sliding too far. The thin end can be cut at a slight angle: This way it will reduce bleeding, but allow excess gas to escape from the magazine and liquid to enter. Trial and error will get you the results you like. You can then use a drop of superglue to secure the seal on the nozzle, but do make sure it has dried before you attempt to fill another magazine!
As usual, you are solely responsible for any damage from applying these instructions incorrectly, causing damage to your property or injury to yourself or other people. Happy Blue-Petering!


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Book Link: http://www.virtualfreedombook.com/ Chris's Site: http://www.chrisducker.com/ Recently I returned from a trip to the Philippines where I spoke at Chris Ducker's event… Tropical Think Tank. It was an amazing experience – not only […]
Tag Archives | virtual freedom
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A unique way to reduce space-stealing evaporation ponds in California -- and nurture a new crop in the process -- has been developed by Agricultural Research Service scientists and cooperators.
In the agricultural valleys of Central California, some evaporation ponds aren't worth keeping. Farmers who tend the region's heavily irrigated lands use these ponds to catch excess runoff draining from saturated fields.
On the west side of California's San Joaquin Valley, for every nine acres of land in production, one acre is needed for an evaporation pond, according to ARS soil scientist Dennis Corwin. For many growers in the valley trying to raise cotton, wheat and alfalfa, this can represent hundreds, if not thousands, of lost acres.
Not only that, but these vast ponds have also been found to contain concentrated salts and trace elements, including selenium, boron and arsenic, that can be toxic to wildlife and migratory birds seeking a watering hole in California's desert.
Corwin, who works at ARS' George E. Brown, Jr., Salinity Laboratory in Riverside, Calif., and researchers at the University of California (UC) at Davis and UC-Riverside experimented to see if water pumped from an evaporation pond could actually be used to help nourish a tough and hardy forage crop.
If so, the pond's waters might start drying up, benefiting growers and wildlife and helping make less-arable land profitable again.
The team of soil, plant and animal experts is in the sixth year of their project. According to Corwin, the test crop -- a salt-loving Bermuda grass -- appeared to languish at first, given its less-than-favorable environment. But now it is lush and supporting a herd of beef cattle.
According to Corwin, the project exemplifies how even poor water and soil conditions can be overcome with the right combination of scientific knowledge and farmer expertise.
Read more about this research in the current issue of Agricultural Research magazine, online at:


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Notion Ink's Adam was expected by many to be the dream tablet – a tablet that will successfully marry iPad's elegance and usability with Android's flexibility. Critiques questioned the ability of a startup with little experience to pull off such grand plans, while others, including me, hoped that Notion Ink might just have what it takes to succeed.
After a long delay, Notion Ink finally opened pre-orders for Adam yesterday. However, things have gone rapidly downhill since then. It's been one disaster after another. Keith discussed some of the issues raised by Android Police and others. However, that's not all that bothers me. Some of the other factors raising eyebrows and causing suspicion are:
- As pointed out by PhanDroid, NI takes your money even without asking for a shipping address. This has now been fixed, and was possibly an oversight. However, how many oversights can one ignore from a company that is launching an international product that costs around about half a thousand bucks (depends on the model).
- We had earlier pointed out the lack of any real pictures or videos of Adam. Once again, it's possible that this is just a marketing strategy gone wrong. Notion Ink had been building up hype by slowly unveiling the product, and Rohan probably thought that holding back the hands-on videos will probably help sustain the air of mystery. The trouble is that you can't just expect people to shell out money in blind-faith, especially when you are the new kid in town.
Notion Ink has now stated that an in-depth video will be released on December 18. The justification being offered is that NI wanted to hold back videos and photos of the actual product, as they intended to demo it at CES 2011. That is a pretty flimsy logic, and also brings me to the third caveat.
- Although Notion Ink claims that they will be demoing Adam at the CES, as pointed out by Android Police, they aren't anywhere to be found in the official CES exhibitors list.
It's also worth mentioning that, Adam is yet to receive a formal approval from the FCC. Without that, Notion Ink can't even ship it to the US. Obviously, NI is confident that Adam will soon be approved. However, this only adds another element of uncertainty to the entire equation.
Even if all of this is just a series of massive but honest mistakes by Notion Ink, and Adam is not an elaborate scam, I don't think I can recommend Adam any longer. The main culprit being the refund and return policy.
- There is a lot that can go wrong with electronic gadgets, and that is why warranty and return policies are extremely important. Unlike its competition (Apple and Samsung), Notion Ink doesn't have established retail presence or support centers spread across the globe. Hence, if something goes wrong, you will have to simply ship your device to Notion Ink. This is not an ideal scenario, but could have been acceptable. The trouble is that Notion Ink wants you to bear most of the charges, as a result of which, you will end up paying a hefty amount, even during the warranty period. Here are the relevant sections from the ToS.
In case your products needs a physical inspection or repair, you need to ship the product with return shipping paid to Notion Ink's International Service Centre's along with an transaction number of 9USD payment made on Notion Ink Website as International Service Assistance Fees.
I hope that I am wrong and Notion Ink succeeds. I really do. However, at this moment things are looking bleak. I still believe that the device is real. However, we have to remember that Notion Ink is a new startup without any proven track record. There is uncertainty regarding how they are sourcing the hardware for the device and its quality. There are simply too many unknowns at this moment. It's obvious that a lot of people are willing to give Notion Ink a chance – the Pixel Qi editions were sold out within hours. Unfortunately, I can no longer be among those recommending Adam.


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A Study of MVA85A, in Asymptomatic Volunteers Infected With TB, HIV or Both
|The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details.
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00480558
Recruitment Status : Completed
First Posted : May 31, 2007
Last Update Posted : March 28, 2011
|Tracking Information
|First Submitted Date ICMJE
|May 30, 2007
|First Posted Date ICMJE
|May 31, 2007
|Last Update Posted Date
|March 28, 2011
|Study Start Date ICMJE
|July 2007
|Actual Primary Completion Date
|January 2011 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
|Current Primary Outcome Measures ICMJE
|To assess the safety of a single intradermal injection of 5 x 107p.f.u. MVA85A. [ Time Frame: One year ]
|Original Primary Outcome Measures ICMJE
|Same as current
|Change History
|Current Secondary Outcome Measures ICMJE
|To assess the effect of a single vaccination with MVA85A in asymptomatic participants who are infected with M.Tb or HIV or both on the immune response, both to antigen 85A (the antigen in the vaccine) and to ESAT6/CFP10 antigens (M.tb specific). [ Time Frame: One year ]
|Original Secondary Outcome Measures ICMJE
|Same as current
|Current Other Pre-specified Outcome Measures
|Not Provided
|Original Other Pre-specified Outcome Measures
|Not Provided
|Descriptive Information
|Brief Title ICMJE
|A Study of MVA85A, in Asymptomatic Volunteers Infected With TB, HIV or Both
|Official Title ICMJE
|A Phase I Study Evaluating the Safety and Immunogenicity of a New TB Vaccine, MVA85A, in Asymptomatic Volunteers Who Are Infected With Either Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (M.tb.), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) or Both
|Brief Summary
|This study is designed to evaluate the safety of MVA85A in asymptomatic volunteers in South Africa who are infected with M.tb, HIV or both. A single vaccination with MVA85A, when administered at a dose of 5 x 107pfu intradermally, is safe and highly immunogenic in mycobacterially naïve individuals, BCG vaccinated individuals and M.tb latently infected individuals. We will use the same vaccination regime in this study. Participants will be defined as being infected with M.tb.if they have a positive Elispot response to ESAT6 or CFP10. Participants will be defined as being infected with HIV.if they have a positive HIV rapid test (Determine®, Abbott Laboratories) followed by a positive HIV ELISA result. Participants will be identified from the general population living in Worcester, Western Cape, South Africa
|Detailed Description
Prime-boost immunization strategies Heterologous prime-boost immunization strategies involve giving two different vaccines, each encoding the same antigen, several weeks apart. Using a DNA prime-recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) boost induces higher levels of antigen specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells than using homologous boosting with the same vector in a number of different disease models (Schneider, 1998; McShane, 2001). Given the protective efficacy of BCG in childhood, ideally BCG would be the priming immunization in such a prime-boost strategy. In order to do this, we have focused on antigen 85A as a candidate antigen. Antigen 85A is highly conserved amongst all mycobacterial species and is present in all strains of BCG. Antigen 85A is a major secreted antigen from M. tuberculosis which forms part of the antigen 85 complex (A, B and C). This complex constitutes a major portion of the secreted proteins of both M.tb and BCG. It is involved in fibronectin binding within the cell wall and has mycolyltransferase activity. Antigen 85A is immunodominant in murine and human studies and is protective in small animals (Huygen, 1996).
Recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (rMVA). Many viruses have been investigated as potential recombinant vaccines. The successful worldwide eradication of smallpox via vaccination with live vaccinia virus highlighted vaccinia as a candidate for recombinant use. The recognition in recent years that non- replicating strains of poxvirus such as MVA and avipox vectors can be more immunogenic than traditional replicating vaccinia strains has enhanced the attractiveness of this approach. MVA (modified vaccinia virus Ankara) is a strain of vaccinia virus which has been passaged more than 570 times though avian cells, is replication incompetent in human cell lines and has a good safety record. It has been administered to more than 120,000 vaccinees as part of the smallpox eradication programme, with no adverse effects, despite the deliberate vaccination of high risk groups (Stickl, 1974; Mahnel, 1994). This safety in man is consistent with the avirulence of MVA in animal models. MVA has six major genomic deletions compared to the parental genome severely compromising its ability to replicate in mammalian cells (Meher, 1991). No replication has been documented in non- transformed mammalian cells. Viral replication is blocked late during infection of cells but importantly viral and recombinant protein synthesis is unimpaired even during this abortive infection. The viral genome has been proven to be stable through a large series of passages in chicken embryo fibroblasts. Replication-deficient recombinant MVA has been seen as an exceptionally safe viral vector. When tested in animal model studies recombinant MVA's have been shown to be avirulent, yet protectively immunogenic as vaccines against viral diseases and cancer. Recent studies in severely immunosuppressed macaques have supported the view that MVA should be safe in immunocompromised humans (Akira, 2001; Stittelaar, 2001).
Safety of rMVAs in immunosuppression. There is now considerable preclinical and clinical data demonstrating the safety and immunogenicity of MVA as a viral vector in immunosuppression and HIV infection. Recombinant MVAs expressing HIV antigens have been administered to immunosuppressed macaques with no serious adverse events (Stittelaar et al, 2001). In addition, the safety of recombinant MVAs expressing HIV antigens and epitopes have now been evaluated in several Phase I clinical trials of HIV-infected subjects, both on and off antiretroviral therapy, with no serious adverse events (Cosma et al, 2003; Harrer et al 2005).
Preclinical data supporting this BCG prime-MVA85A boost strategy In BALB/c mice, using BCG as the priming immunization and then boosting with MVA85A induces higher levels of both antigen specific IFN-γ secreting CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and significantly greater levels of protection against aerosol challenge than after BCG alone (Goonetilleke et al, 2003). This regime has now been further evaluated in the more sensitive guinea pig aerosol challenge model with very encouraging results. Guinea pigs vaccinated with BCG and boosted with MVA85A, and then further boosted with a second recombinant viral vector expressing antigen 85A, fowlpox-85A (FP85A) showed significantly greater protection against challenge than guinea pigs vaccinated with BCG alone (Williams et al, 2005). This regime is also immunogenic in rhesus macaques, and protective (Verrek, personal communication).
Clinical data to date with MVA85A UK studies Over the last 3 years HM has established a clinical trial programme to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of this BCG prime-MVA85A boost vaccination strategy in a series of Phase I studies. MVA85A was the first candidate TB vaccine to enter clinical trials anywhere in the world in September 2002, and is currently the only one in clinical trials in Africa. The design of these Phase I studies with MVA85A allowed for sequential vaccination of volunteer groups with a step-wise increase in mycobacterial exposure, to minimize the possibility of a Koch reaction. Trials were also conducted sequentially in the UK and The Gambia, as there is a greater degree of exposure to both environmental mycobacteria and M.tb in The Gambia. A Koch reaction describes the development of immunopathology in a person or animal with tuberculosis, when an exaggerated immune response to M.tb is stimulated. It was described in patients with TB disease when Koch performed his original studies employing mycobacteria as a type of therapeutic vaccination. It has now been demonstrated in the mouse model of therapeutic vaccination27. Available animal data suggest that these reactions do not occur in mice latently infected with M.tb, suggesting that such reactions may correlate with high bacterial load and that the Koch phenomenon may not pose a problem for vaccination of asymptomatic albeit latently infected humans25.
In the UK, 14 mycobacterially and BCG naïve, asymptomatic volunteers were recruited. and vaccinated twice with 5 x 107pfu MVA85A, administered intradermally at 3 week intervals. In these studies, MVA85A was found to be safe and well tolerated. All subjects experienced some local side-effects (redness, itching etc) which lasted for 3-7 days after vaccination. Approximately one third of subjects experienced some transient systemic symptoms (myalgia, headache) for the first 12-24 hours after vaccination. All local and systemic side-effects spontaneously resolved. There were no serious or severe adverse events in any of these studies.
The main immunological outcome used in these ongoing clinical trials is the ex-vivo interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) Elispot assay, which was used to assess specific T cell responses to tuberculin PPD, purified antigen 85 complex and pools of overlapping 15mer peptides spanning the length of antigen 85A. A single vaccination with MVA85A induced remarkably high levels of specific effector T cell responses 1 week after vaccination (mean IFN-γ Elispot response to PPD was 460 spots per million PBMC).
Next, the safety of MVA85A in volunteers previously vaccinated with BCG was demonstrated in 17 volunteers. The safety profile of MVA85A in these 17 volunteers was the same as in the BCG naïve group. These 17 volunteers showed even higher peak levels of antigen specific T cells (mean response to PPD was 917 spots per million PBMC) 1 week post-vaccination than those immunized with MVA85A alone. Perhaps more importantly for the induction of T cell memory, volunteers who were previously BCG vaccinated maintained significantly higher levels of antigen specific T cells after MVA85A for up to 24 weeks after vaccination, when compared to those volunteers vaccinated with either BCG or MVA85A alone (McShane et al, 2004).
The next trial to be conducted in the UK looked at the boosting efficacy of MVA85A when administered one month after BCG vaccination. 10 healthy, BCG naïve volunteers were vaccinated with BCG and one month later were boosted with MVA85A. Comparable safety and boosting efficacy was seen to the previous trial where the interval between BCG and MVA85A was 0.5-37 years.
The current ongoing study in the UK is designed to assess the safety and immunogenicity of MVA85A in asymptomatic volunteers who are latently infected with M.tb. Latent infection with M.tb describes a state where an individual is presumed to have a very low level persistent bacterial infection with no clinical or radiological evidence of disease, and yet has a detectable immune response against M.tb. Latent infection in this study is defined using specific diagnostic tests based on antigens that are absent from BCG and most environmental mycobacteria such as ESAT 6 and CFP 10, allowing an accurate diagnosis of latent M.tb infection to be made. Subjects for this study were recruited from TB contact clinics and vaccinated with a single dose of MVA85A. Follow-up involved detailed radiological and clinical assessment of the safety of this vaccine in this group. To date, 11 subjects have been vaccinated with MVA85A in this study and the safety and immunogenicity profile of MVA85A is identical to that seen in previous studies. Importantly there has been no clinical, radiological or immunological evidence of a Koch reaction. The Elispot responses to PPD, ESAT 6, CFP10, antigen 85A and other mycobacterial antigens are being monitored for 12 months following vaccination.
Gambian studies Following the success of the trials with MVA85A in the UK, a collaboration with the MRC unit in The Gambia was initiated. MVA85A was first evaluated in Phase I clinical trials in BCG naïve subjects (n = 11) and subsequently in BCG primed subjects (n=10). In these studies the safety and immunogenicity profile is comparable to that seen in the UK studies. In both the UK and The Gambian studies, MVA85A induces 5-10 fold higher immune responses than any other recombinant MVA in clinical trials. The most likely explanation for this is that the volunteers have some weak pre-existing anti-mycobacterial immunity induced by exposure to environmental mycobacteria, and this is being boosted by vaccination with MVA85A. When MVA85A is administered to BCG naïve subjects in the Gambia, the magnitude and kinetics of response resemble the BCG primed group in the UK, a finding that is likely to represent a greater degree of environmental priming in tropical climates.
South African studies A Phase II study of the safety and immunogenicity of MVA85A in healthy, M.tb uninfected and HIV uninfected adults in Cape Town commenced in August 2005. The studies with MVA85A at this site have begun in adults, as a safety requirement despite the fact that we already have safety and immunogenicity data in adults from both the UK and the Gambian studies. The population in South Africa is very different from the UK and Gambian populations in terms of both host genetics and mycobacterial exposure. There is considerably more M.tb exposure in South Africa than in the Gambia and the exposure to environmental mycobacterial is believed to be lower in South Africa than the Gambia. The BCG literature demonstrates wide variation in efficacy across geographical areas and it was important to confirm our findings in adults in Cape Town before proceeding to a study in adolescents. We aim to vaccinate 24 adults in total. These studies commenced in August 2005, and to date, 14 volunteers have been vaccinated. Encouragingly, the safety and immunogenicity results so far are comparable with the previous studies in the UK and the Gambia.
|Study Type ICMJE
|Study Phase ICMJE
|Phase 1
|Study Design ICMJE
|Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary Purpose: Prevention
|Condition ICMJE
|Intervention ICMJE
|Biological: MVA 85A
Modified vaccinia Ankara virus expressing antigen 85A from M. tuberculosis. Dose is 5x10^7
Other Names:
|Study Arms ICMJE
|Publications *
* Includes publications given by the data provider as well as publications identified by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number) in Medline.
|Recruitment Information
|Recruitment Status ICMJE
|Estimated Enrollment ICMJE
|Original Estimated Enrollment ICMJE
|Actual Study Completion Date ICMJE
|January 2011
|Actual Primary Completion Date
|January 2011 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
|Eligibility Criteria ICMJE
Inclusion Criteria:
For all groups:
For the M.Tb infected- and M.Tb/HIV coinfected- groups:
• Screening Elispot positive (more than 50 spots/million PBMC): for either the pool of ESAT6 peptides and/or the pool of CFP10 peptides and screening Elispot positive for PPD.
• Positive Mantoux test. (>10mm induration)
For the HIV infected and M.Tb/HIV coinfected groups:
Exclusion Criteria:
For all groups:
For the M.Tb infected group (but not the HIV infected and M.Tb/HIV coinfected groups):
For the HIV infected and M.Tb/HIV coinfected groups (but not the M.Tb infected/HIV uninfected group)
|Sex/Gender ICMJE
|Ages ICMJE
|21 Years to 50 Years (Adult)
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers ICMJE
|Contacts ICMJE
|Contact information is only displayed when the study is recruiting subjects
|Listed Location Countries ICMJE
|South Africa
|Removed Location Countries
|Administrative Information
|NCT Number ICMJE
|Other Study ID Numbers ICMJE
|Has Data Monitoring Committee
|U.S. FDA-regulated Product
|Not Provided
|IPD Sharing Statement ICMJE
|Not Provided
|Responsible Party
|Dr Helen McShane, University of Oxford
|Study Sponsor ICMJE
|University of Oxford
|Collaborators ICMJE
|University of Cape Town
|Investigators ICMJE
|PRS Account
|University of Oxford
|Verification Date
|March 2011
ICMJE Data element required by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors and the World Health Organization ICTRP


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text:
Two IDF soldiers were killed on Friday in an incident near Kibbutz Kissufim on the Gaza border: Major Eliraz Peretz, 31, from Eli, and Staff Sergeant Ilan Sviatkovsky, 21, from Rishon Letzion. Two other soldiers were injured in the incident, one seriously and one lightly.
A unit of Golani troops crossed the border into Gaza in pursuit of a gang of terrorists who were planting explosives along the border, in an effort to ambush IDF patrols. Soldiers feared that the terrorists, taking advantage of the poor weather, would try to infiltrate the border and sneak into Israel in order to carry out terror attacks against Israeli civilians. An IDF investigation said that the terrorists got close to the soldiers and were able to shoot at them from close range in the fog, with one bullet apparently hitting a hand grenade one of the soldiers was carrying. The grenade exploded, killing the two soldiers. Two of the terrorists were killed, as well.
IDF Southern Forces Commander Yoav Gallant and Gaza Unit commander Eyal Eisenberg arrived on the scene shortly after the incident.
Several hours after the incident, IDF troops observed another group of terrorists planting explosives along the border. Tanks fired at these terrorists, hitting and eliminating two of them. Another terrorist was eliminated a short time later by IAF fire when he, too, was caught planting explosives. IDF patrols operated overnight Friday, destroying several buildings and other infrastructure the terrorists were using to attack soldiers.
An IDF investigation has concluded that the soldiers acted properly, the army said Saturday night. Gallant told reporters that "the terrorists were attempting to plant explosives along the border. Soldiers observed the terrorists' activities and crossed the border as required," he said. Eisenberg said that "these kind of incidents occur almost daily, unfortunately. IDF troops act to defend civilians, in this case the residents of towns near the border. Such actions are undertaken on both sides of the border, by ground troops and tanks, both in open and secret operations. Unfortunately we paid a heavy price on Friday. We support the families and express our grief at what occurred. The IDF will continue to do what it needs to protect residents of Israel.
Eliraz, who was the regiment's deputy commander, is the second member of the Peretz family to be killed in battle. On November 25, 1998, Peretz's brother, Uriel, was killed when his Golani unit was attempting to neutralize several explosive devices planted by Hizbullah terrorists in northern Israel. His widowed mother lives in Givat Zeev, a northern suburb of Jerusalem. He has four surviving siblings.
Eliraz left a wife and four children, including a two month old infant.
Ilan Sviatkovsky left parents and a brother. He was close to the end of his army service.


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Marvel continues to push forward with its unwritten agenda of bringing every single character in the Marvel universe to the big screen. All of the heavy hitters have been spoken for, and due to legal shenanigans, some of the biggest properties like X-Men, Spider-Man and the Fantastic Four are out of reach of Marvel Studios for the time being, but they too will all soon return to the big screen. But there are still plenty of Marvel characters screaming to be brought to life, and that list apparently includes Doctor Strange.
If you are not a long time comic geek, then you probably aren't all that familiar with the character. He is a favorite of creator Stan Lee and has been around since 1963, so the name is relatively well known, but the average moviegoer won't be as familiar with Strange's story as with a character like Spider-Man. Most won't even be able to name even one of Strange's rogues gallery.
But maybe that is a good thing, as it will give the filmmakers the freedom to try some new things, which could be very important because Doctor Strange is a weird character. He is a magician that battles enemies on the astral plane and in other dimensions. He has a part-demon lover and manservant named Wong. It isn't exactly as simple as a guy with a shield punching Nazis.
For those unfamiliar with the character, Doctor Strange was actually a medical doctor with the fortuitous name Stephen Strange. Strange was once a world-renowned neurosurgeon that was as gifted as he was arrogant and greedy. When a car accident damaged his hands and made it impossible to operate at the same level, he travelled the world to find a remedy. In the Himalayas he discovered the Ancient One, who has great power but refuses to help because Strange was still kind of a prick. Strange later selflessly saves the Ancient One's life from another student, and is allowed to train in the arts of magic. Once there he learns several mystic arts and eventually becomes the sorcerer supreme, battling evil entities, demons and several supernatural foes.
So as the Marvel stables begin to dwindle and the most famous names are taken, it makes sense that the Studio would move on to the somewhat well-known yet slightly more obscure characters like Doctor Strange. According to Twitch, a screenplay has already been turned in and Marvel is happy enough with the draft that they are going ahead. A short list of directors to approach has been compiled, offers should begin to go out soon and once that person has been signed they will take the project and "oversee continued development" for a possible 2013 release.
The next two years are going to be filled with Marvel goodness in the theaters. Although only co-produced by Marvel, Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance and The Amazing Spider-Man are in post-production with a February 17 and July 3 release dates respectively, and The Avengers, which is independently produced by Marvel, will be released on May 4. Then joining Doctor Strange in 2013, Iron Man 3 has been announced for a May 3 release, and Thor 2 is scheduled for July 26.
After that it is anyone's guess as to the next Marvel character to hit the big screen. Sequels aplenty are on the way for Captain America and The Avengers, a proposed Daredevil reboot is said to be in the works, as well as a new Fantastic Four, and a sequel to X-Men: First Class is being scripted (although those three will not be directly produced by Marvel). Then comes the next tier of Marvel heroes. A Heroes For Hire movie has been discussed with Luke Cage and Iron Fist, a Black Panther film seems to just be a matter of time, and Edgar Wright has reportedly turned in a script for a weird new take on Ant-Man. A new Blade is also a possibility, as well as a reboot (or possibly sequel depending on how they approach it) Hulk could hit the theaters in the future.
But for now, the next new Marvel character to be made flesh and blood will be Doctor Strange. Let the casting and director speculation discussions begin!
Editors' Recommendations
- WandaVision: Everything we know about Marvel's Disney+ series
- Black Panther 2: Everything we know about the sequel so far
- Here are the best Dolby Atmos movies for your home theater
- Spider-Man: Miles Morales — Everything we know
- Every confirmed and rumored PS5 game so far


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Caramel Apple Salad
Total TimePrep/Total Time: 15 min.
Makes6 servings
- 1 cup cold fat-free milk
- 1 package (1 ounce) sugar-free instant butterscotch pudding mix
- 2 cups reduced-fat whipped topping, divided
- 3-1/2 cups chopped apples
- 1/2 cup chopped salted peanuts
- In a large bowl, whisk milk and pudding mix for 1 minute (mixture will be thick). Whisk in 1 cup whipped topping. Fold in remaining topping. Fold in apples. Chill until serving. Sprinkle with peanuts.
Nutrition Facts2/3 cup: 177 calories, 6g fat (1g saturated fat), 1mg cholesterol, 287mg sodium, 26g carbohydrate (0 sugars, 3g fiber), 5g protein. Diabetic Exchanges: 1 starch, 1 fruit, 1 fat.
Recommended Video
Sep 22, 2012
I have made this regularly for years since I first saw the recipe. It is easy, uses just a few ingredients, and is such a good salad, especially for fall!
Sep 1, 2011
I made this using regular ingredients (not low fat or sugar free) because its what I had on hand and it turned out great! I wouldve given it five stars however the look of this dessert isn't very appealing (looks a bit like lumpy orange/brown goop). Initially the family took little bits but came back later for more after they discovered how great it tastes. Next time I intend to cut back on the milk so its thicker, place it in a graham crust, top with more whipped cream and caramel sundae topping, and serve as a pie!
Oct 13, 2010
This is a great salad recipe that goes fast! I changed things up a little bit though. I added an 8 oz can of undrained crushed pineapple and omitted the 1 cup milk replacing it with 1 cup of mini marshmallows instead. Just mixed everything together in a bowl and chilled it. Delicious!


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The dosing pump belongs to the positive displacement pump family and is typically a diaphragm pump.
Diaphragm pumps are leakage-free because the diaphragm forms a seal between the pumped medium and the surroundings. The diaphragm pump is fitted with two non-return valves – one on the suction side and one on the discharge side of the pump.
The flow of a diaphragm pump is adjusted by either changing the stroke length and/or the rotation speed of the motor. To increase operating range, a frequency converter can be connected to larger diaphragm pumps.
On smaller diaphragm pumps, the diaphragm is activated by a connecting rod, which is attached to an electromagnet. The coil (see illustration) thereby receives the exact number of strokes needed. On larger diaphragm pumps, the diaphragm is typically mounted on the connecting rod, which is activated by a motor-driven camshaft.
On a third type of diaphragm pump, the diaphragm is activated by an eccentrically driven connecting rod and a stepper motor, or asynchronous motor. A stepper motor drive increases the pump's dynamic area, and its dosing accuracy is improved considerably. With this construction it is no longer necessary to adjust the stroke length because the connecting rod is mounted directly on to the diaphragm. The result is optimized suction conditions and excellent operating features.


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The Zend Developer Zone has an announcement posted about a few new updates from Zend including i5/OS V5R3 Compatibility, a new PHP Redbook, and RPG Web Cast.
The partnership between IBM and Zend is bearing fruit once again. Not satisfied with having PHP run on IBM's i5/OS V5R4, now the two companies have put their heads together and back ported Zend Core for i5/OS to V5R3.
They've also released the redbook for it that shows you how to install, configure, and work with PHP on System i using Zend Core for i5/OS and Zend Platform for i5/OS.
As far as the webcast - you can sign up for that here and find out "Why RPG programmers should care about PHP".


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A new Pig Pro Series is completed and Pig Wheels is Proud to announce that Austin Stephens and Don "The Nuge" Nguyen now have pro wheels out for Pig Wheels along with Ethan Fowler, Kris Markovich, Daniel Shimizu, Ryan Wilburn and Top Am Corey Duffel now has a New Am wheel out now! By them now!
Pig Bearings now come in cool Pig face tins. They are awesome!!!
Pig engineers have been working on an in-destructible Ceramic bearing that will top any other bearing made and should be coming soon!
Madman Neil Hedding's is now a proud rider for Pig Wheels. See his wheel soon!
"Pig Wheels just don't flat spot like the rest, they're the BEST!"
Pig Duffel bags will be a hot item for this summer on all your skateboarding trips. They have a cool new inside laundry bag to keep those stinky dirty clothes away from your fresh clothes.
Pig premium tees will be coming out soon with limited edition graphics on them. These shirts are 100% cotton, a lot thinner and softer too. They ROCK!
The Pig team designed a new light weight jean that is slim fitting and has a stretch denim that is excellent for skateboarding and picking up hot chicks!


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Space at the Farnborough Air Show
ESA PR 37-2004. Every two years, specialists and fans of aircraft and space gather at Farnborough for the International Exhibition and Flying Display organised by the Society of British Aerospace Companies (SBAC), the trade association of the UK aerospace industry. This year's Farnborough International Air Show will be held from 19 to 25 July.
The SBAC and UKISC (the UK Industrial Space Committee) have, for the first time, set up an International Space Pavilion (in Hall 5) with about 2000 m2 of exhibition space, and Wednesday 21 July has been declared "Space Day".
ESA's stand at Farnborough will focus in particular on current missions to the Solar System, Cassini-Huygens, Mars Express results, future planetary exploration, Galileo, Envisat results, Cryosat and future Earth observation missions, Ariane 5 and Vega, human spaceflight and the recent Delta mission to the International Space Station.
A series of seminars and media briefings, which specialists and the media are invited to attend, are being organised by the European Space Agency (ESA), the British National Space Centre (BNSC), the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (PPARC) and UK industry throughout the week. The events on the Saturday and Sunday are for the general public.
For programme details, please see the attached link on the right of this page. Media representatives wishing to attend these events are kindly requested to complete the attached registration form and fax it to:
Steven Warren, Head of Information,
British National Space Centre, Tel. + 44 (0)20 7215 0806
Fax. + 44 (0)20 7215 0936
For Space Day on Wednesday 21 July, special transport is being organised by PPARC for accredited media representatives attending the press briefing, press conference and seminar in the International Conference Centre (Hall 5). A coach will leave central London early in the morning and return later in the day.
Please tick the appropriate box in the reply form if you intend to take advantage of this service. Seats are limited, so please reply promptly.
For more information, please contact:
Franco Bonacina
ESA, Head of Media Relations Division
Tel: + 33 (0)1.5369.7713
Steven Warren
BNSC, Head of Information
Tel: + 44 (0)20.7215.0806


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Lebowski Fest abides in Louisville
Will Russell is consistently amazed by things that happen at one of his Lebowski Fests, fan-driven festivals that celebrate the culture surrounding the 1998 cult film The Big Lebowski. But what happened a few months ago in Los Angeles? That was some unchecked amazement, a night that Russell will never forget.
Lebowski Fest, which began 13 years ago in Louisville, was having its annual L.A. event with Jeff Bridges as special guest. Bridges, who plays the film's glorious lead character, The Dude, was there to sing with his band, The Abiders, and introduce a screening of the movie at the Wiltern Theatre.
After his intro, which he did in character, Bridges walked over to Russell.
"He said, 'Man, I wanna go out and watch the movie,' so we made arrangements to sneak him out to where he and his people could watch," Russell said. "At the very end I went over to thank him for coming ... and he just kind of pulled me in and said, 'Man, this movie is really deep.'
"I was like, 'I know, man, I know. He said, 'Let's watch the last scene together, Will,' and I was, like, 'Wow.' So we were there, hand in hand, and when The Dude says, 'The Dude abides' at the end of the movie, I looked at Jeff and thought, Jeff Bridges really is The Dude, and he truly does abide. It was a really cool experience."
Louisville's Lebowski Fest is Friday through Sunday, with most of the action at the Executive Strike & Spare bowling alley. Bowling is a crucial component of the movie, and the high point of the festival is Saturday night's party of bowling, trivia games, costume contests and hundreds of gallons of White Russians, The Dude's favorite cocktail.
What began as a lark that somehow attracted 150 fellow fans has grown into an industry. Russell, who co-founded the fest with now-retired Scott Shuffitt, has staged more than 60 fests in more than 30 cities around the world. His two Louisville retail stores sell festival merchandise worldwide.
"Who knew, man?" Russell said. "When we first started doing this thing, we had no idea it would ever happen again, and here we are 13 years later and still rolling."
The Big Lebowski inspires devotion at a high level, including the founding of a religion, Dudeism. You sense that someone else would have invented Lebowski Fest if Russell and Shuffitt hadn't, because the movement had already begun: the first Lebowski Fest, staged with an advertising budget of $42 and no such thing as social media, somehow drew attendees from New York and Arizona.
So people were ready for it. The film, a stoner homage to Raymond Chandler's detective fiction written and directed by Joel and Ethan Coen, offers a way of life via The Dude. Jeffrey "The Dude" Lebowski doesn't judge, except when The Eagles are involved, and tries to live an uncomplicated, harmonious life. It is, as Bridges said, a deep movie in its way, and also a very funny one.
Bridges has been dropping by the Los Angeles fest for four years, although his enthusiasm has yet to inspire co-stars Julianne Moore, John Goodman and Steve Buscemi to join him.
"It's amazing that an actor like Jeff Bridges is willing to do something like that, to revisit an old character," Russell said. "He just really loves The Big Lebowski, he loves Lebowski Fest, he loves the fans."
Louisville won't have Bridges, but James G. Hoosier, who plays a rival bowler named Liam O'Brien, will return for his annual visit.


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Four teams get relegated from League 1 and that makes it just a little bit harder to avoid the drop and drags more teams into it.
This can lead to a lot of nerves towards the end of the season and a good start to the season is essential just to get a lot of points on the board.
Shrewsbury Town are the favourites to get relegated and it is hard to argue against that because they are not the biggest club and their budget will be the best. I was surprised to see a few of their players leave but maybe it was down to financial reasons. Players like Marvin Morgan, Mark Wright and Matt Richards have all been good players during their time at the club but they have gone now and they have to look to the future. Tamika Mkandawire is a decent enough signing and will hopefully make them stronger at the back.
Colchester United seem to be struggling at the moment and I just feel that this could their year to go down, Joe Dunne has done an ok job but he could be fighting a losing battle this year. Signing former Arsenal youngsters Sanchez Watt and Craig Eastmond is a good start to recruiting players to keep them up butI doubt we will see much more movement from them. Ryan Dickson at left back could also be a good signing but he has not played regularly for a while.
Greg Abbott is in a similar position at Carlisle United and just staying up will be a great achievement for him and his team. I am really not convinced by his signings so far in Lewis Guy who works hard and is versatile but he does seem to lack that final ball. David Amoo is a similar player, someone that just has not been able to really take a chance anywhere he has been but he is only 22 and this could be the club for him. Keeping Lee Miller could be the best bit of business they have done for a long time.
I am a little surprised that Stevenage are one of the favourites to relegated because under Graham Westley they play effective football although it is not pretty it certainly does get the job done. They have lost one of their best defenders in Mark Roberts and midfielders in Anthony Grant so maybe it will not be easy for the returning manager. Jimmy Smith as a youngster had a lot of potential but has not quite lived up to it but maybe under Westley he will be successful. Oumare Tankara is a bit of a wildcard and that could work to Stevenage's advantage.
I do like that Oldham Athletic have given a young manager an opportunity in Lee Johnson but I do fear for them this season. They were more known for their FA Cup exploits last year than their league form which will be a concern for the new manager because staying in League 1 is very important to this club. The signings he has made do seem to have potential, like Mark Oxley in goal and Charlie MacDonald and Adam Rooney as their new strike force. They could have a lot of goals in their team and with James Drayton also joining they have someone that can try and create chances for the forwards.
Out of these five teams I do think Stevenage have the best chance of staying up.


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The chorus to this nights song is a predicted disgust.
A bootstrap appeal to the light of the T.V. Rock n Roll shit,
predicted hits, repeat and justify.
Token tantrums fight the good fight and reflect,
this is what's spoken regardless of what's real.
It's the sound of a generation strumming to rebellion,
at the drumbeat of the bandwagon. Sing to the crisis. Sing to
the hope. Tomorrow's 8-track art in advert integrity.
Pedestal flag waving, industry tricks for a soundtrack of
My place in the sun, common legacy to learn,
common hate to fear and cash in.
Another anthem to the airwaves so raise your fist and sing.
Is this the peoples music, or a pop songs lesson in freedom.
Sing to the crisis. Sing to the hope.
The next move the next direction the next prolific profit.
New vibration to an era's institution. Rock n Roll bullshit,
play it up again. Sway side to side and repeat dance the night
Sing to the crisis. Sing to the hope.


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Plan & Buy
Peak resorts, Inc. is a leading owner and operator of high-quality, individually branded ski resorts in the U.S.
We currently operate 13 ski resorts primarily located in the Northeast and Midwest, 12 of which we own. The majority of our resorts are located within 100 miles of major metropolitan markets, including New York City, Boston, Philadelphia, Cleveland and St. Louis, enabling day and overnight drive accessibility. Our resorts are comprised of nearly 1,650 acres of skiable terrain that appeal to a wide range of ages and abilities. We offer a breadth of activities, services and amenities, including skiing, snowboarding, terrain parks, tubing, dining, lodging, equipment rentals and sales, ski and snowboard instruction and mountain biking and other summer activities. We believe that both the day and overnight drive segments of the ski industry are appealing given their stable revenue base, high margins and attractive risk-adjusted returns. We have successfully acquired and integrated ten ski resorts since our incorporation in 1997, and we expect to continue executing this strategy.