text:
from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 5th Edition.
- adverb To that extent; by that much. Used before a comparative.
- adverb Beyond any other.
- definite article. Used before singular or plural nouns and noun phrases that denote particular, specified persons or things.
- definite article. Used before a noun, and generally stressed, to emphasize one of a group or type as the most outstanding or prominent.
- definite article. Used to indicate uniqueness.
- definite article. Used before nouns that designate natural phenomena or points of the compass.
- definite article. Used as the equivalent of a possessive adjective before names of some parts of the body.
- definite article. Used before a noun specifying a field of endeavor.
- definite article. Used before a proper name, as of a monument or ship.
- definite article. Used before the plural form of a numeral denoting a specific decade of a century or of a lifespan.
- definite article. Used before a singular noun indicating that the noun is generic.
- definite article. Used before an adjective extending it to signify a class and giving it the function of a noun.
- definite article. Used before an absolute adjective.
- definite article. Used before a present participle, signifying the action in the abstract.
- definite article. Used before a noun with the force of per.
from The Century Dictionary.
- A Middle English form of
- See
- noun A Middle English form of
- A word used before nouns with a specifying or particularizing effect, opposed to the indefinite or generalizing force of a or an: as, the gods are careless of mankind; the sun in heaven; the day is fair; long live the king!
- A word used before a noun to indicate a species or genus: as, the song of the nightingale: used in generalization: as, the man that hath no music in himself.
- A word used with a title, or as part of a title: as, the Duke of Wellington; the Right Honorable the Earl of Derby; the Lord Brook; the Reverend John Smith.
- Indicating the most approved, most desirable, most conspicuous, or most important of its kind: as, Newport is the watering-place of the United States: in this use emphatic, and frequently italicized. The is often placed before a person's (especially a woman's) name, to indicate admiration or notoriety (a colloquial use): as, the Elssler.
- Before adjectives used substantively, denoting: An individual: as, she gazed long on the face of the dead.
- A class, or a number of individuals: as, the good die first; do not mix the new with the old.
- An abstract notion: as, the beautiful.
- Denoting that which is well known or famed: as, the prodigal son.
- Used distributively to denote any one separately: as, the fare is a dollar the round trip.
- Used in place of the possessive pronoun to denote a personal belonging: as, to hang the head and weep.
- Used to denote a particular day in relation to a given week, or to some other day of the same Week.
- Used before a participial infinitive, or gerund, followed by an object: the article is now omitted in this construction.
- Used before the relative which: now an archaism.
- [The is generally pronounced as if a syllable (unaccented) of the following word (a proclitic), and its vowel is accordingly obscured, before a consonant, into the neutral vowel-sound of her or but, very lightly sounded (quite like the French "mute e"); before a vowel, often in the same manner, but more usually with the short i sound of pin, only less distinct; when emphatic, as the long e of thee. In poetry, before a word beginning with a vowel-sound, the vowel of the generally may slide into that of the next word, and form with it one metrical syllable; metrically the e is accordingly often cut off in printing. The same so-called elision (synalephe) often took place in Middle English, the being written with the following noun as one word: as, themperour, the emperor.
- In Middle English manuscripts the was often written, as in Anglo-Saxon þe, with the character þ; in early print this character was represented by a form nearly like
y, and later printers actually used y instead, þe, erroneously printed þe as if contracted, like þt for that, being printed ye or ye but always pronounced, of course, the. Modern archaists often affect ye for the, and many pronounce it as it looks, "yē."
- Used to modify adjectives and adverbs in the comparative degree:
- Used without correlation, it signifies in any degree; in some degree: as, Are you well ? The better for seeing you.
from the GNU version of the Collaborative International Dictionary of English.
- intransitive verb obsolete See
- A word placed before nouns to limit or individualize their meaning.
- adverb By that; by how much; by so much; on that account; -- used before comparatives.
from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.
- adverb With a
comparativeor moreand a verb phrase, establishes a parallel with one or more other such comparatives.
- adverb this sense) With a
comparative, and often with for it, indicates a result more like said comparative. This can be negated with none.
from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition
from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition
from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License
from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License
Also included in this information will be the filename of the files waiting to print, the login account name of the user who SPOOLed the file, the time that the file was SPOOLed, the size of the file in PRIMOS records, and the printer name where the file is to print.
If, therefore, I wish to say the small fires in the houseand I can do this in one wordI must form the word fire-in-the-house, to which elements corresponding to small, our plural, and the are appended.
He liked the stately monuments much more than he liked Gibbon or Ruskin; he loved their dignity; their unity; their scale; their lines; their lights and shadows; their decorative sculpture; but he was even less conscious than they of the force that created it all, the Virgin, the Woman, by whose genius the stately monuments of superstition were built, through which she was expressed.
For some eighteen years he was occupied in exploring and in opening telegraphlines through the eastern or northmiddle part of the great forest state, the wilderness state of the matto grosso the great wilderness, or, as Australians would call it, the bush.
Then there is _the_ event, _the great climax event_, the actual coming of the Lord Jesus, out of the heavens, down to the earth.
The melancholy of the whole story, the pity of it, the one long sigh which Schlegel heard in it, is conveyed with an almost magic suddenness in this single touch; and yet one touch more, and that of priceless importance, the suggestion of the whole world of misery and disorder that may lie hidden as an awful possibility in the tempers and vanities of even two poor old heads of houses.
At least, methinks, from the Covenant which GOD made with _Abraham_, and his Seed, _the Blessings of which_ are _come upon the_ believing _Gentiles_ [r], there is Reason to hope well concerning the Infant Offspring of GOD'S People, early devoted, and often recommended to him, that their _Souls_ will be _bound in the
Submission to Divine Providence in the Death of Children Recommended and inforced, in a sermon preached at Northampton, on the death of a very amiable and hopeful child, about five years old
There is a mean curiosity, as of a child opening a forbidden door, or a servant prying into her masters business; and a noble curiosity, questioning, in the front of danger, the source of the great river beyond the sand, the place of the great continents beyond the sea; a nobler curiosity still, which questions of the source of the River of Life, and of the space of the Continent of Heaven, things which the angels desire to look into.
According to Kenya's Interim Independent Electoral Commission, a majority of Kenyans approved the new law in the 4th August referendum, with the 'Yes' team garnering 6,092,593 votes, which is 66.9 percent, while the 'No' team was only able to manage about 2,795,059 votes or (30.1 percent) of the total vote cast.
New Constitution Will Signal Country's 'Rebirth', Says Kenyan Justice Minister
When he found that it was for people of consequence in a private room that the articles were required, he set to work with a will and produced a polish "that would have struck envy to the soul of _the amiable Mr. Warren_, _for they used Day and Martin's at the_ '_White
The *other* usage of 'the' is as 'the adverbial the' (or at any rate that's what Fowler calls it: it modifies adjectives), as in 'the more the merrier': i.e. 'by so much more numerous, by that much merrier'.
Chained_bear, you're making my left eye twitch.
I don't think the rule is official, Pro, but I have noticed the same pronunciatory differences, at least among Americans.
Maybe it's in the same family as the tendency to pronounce the vowel longer in "rider" than in "writer," which (as a Brit pointed out to me once) both sound the same when uttered by a Yank.
I just imagined someone at a bakery saying, "I'd like the...chocolate fuflun, please," and I burst out laughing.
Rule two I've learned exactly like that. Rule one, it seems to me, might be true sometimes, so perhaps not as a rule, but rather as an observation that allows probabilistic extrapolation or something like that...
Pauses are often accompanied by an "er" or "um", those little words usually start with a vowel sound, so that might be a reason for the pauses-/ði/.
On the West Coast, and in Canada, they use this to prefix the names of highways; "take the 405". It was rather astounding to me the first time I heard it.


text:
Shows List
Starting with: V
Valid LoveKorean DramaHee-Tae met his future wife, Il-Ri, when he worked as a temporary biology teacher at an all girls high school. Il-Ri was a student there. Now, Hee-Tae works as a… [More]Status: Completed Released: 2014 Rating: 9.82/10 (1169 Votes)
Vampire DetectiveKorean DramaA private detective, Yoon San (Lee Joon) gets turned into a vampire one day while he was out on a duty. As he meets various clients and cracks cases for… [More]Status: Completed Released: 2016 Rating: 9.09/10 (70 Votes)
Vampire HeavenJapanese DramaAfter violating a taboo in the world of vampires, Sakurako and Komachi come down to the world of humans, and encounter a human male, Hayato. Though Sakurako instantly falls in… [More]Status: Completed Released: 2013 Rating: 9.24/10 (139 Votes)
Vampire HostJapanese DramaIt focuses on a naive, loudmouthed teenager named Rion, who investigates a host club full of vampires when she suspects they must be related to the disappearance of a lot… [More]Status: Completed Released: 2004 Rating: 8.95/10 (56 Votes)
Vampire IdolKorean DramaA naive vampire prince struggles to become a global pop idol in the melodramatic youth sitcom. [More]Status: Completed Released: 2011 Rating: 9.67/10 (66 Votes)
Vampire ProsecutorKorean DramaProsecutor Min Tae Yeon (Yun Jung Hoon) is bitten by somebody and becomes a Vampire. Tae Yeon rejects the life of a vampire and he survives by drinking the blood… [More]Status: Completed Released: 2011 Rating: 9.66/10 (241 Votes)
Vampire Prosecutor 2Korean DramaA mystery investigations drama where a vampire is the leading character. Min Tae Yeon (Yun Jung Hoon) isn't your typical vampire or prosecutor. Rather than drinking blood from innocent strangers,… [More]Status: Completed Released: 2012 Rating: 9.81/10 (341 Votes)
Virgin RoadJapanese DramaTo pursue her dreams, Sakurai Kazumi (Wakui Emi) quits her job and goes to New York to study jewelry design, against the objections of her naggy and stubborn but well-meaning… [More]Status: Completed Released: 2008 Rating: 9.29/10 (24 Votes)
VISION Koroshi ga Mieru OnnaJapanese DramaDetective Asano Kazama, who is on disciplinary leave, tries to purchase incriminating photo(s) from Kitagawa Tadasuke, Ito and Minamida of a syndicate of swindlers. At that moment, to model Kurusu… [More]Status: Completed Released: 2012 Rating: 9.1/10 (42 Votes)
Voice 2 (2018)Korean DramaSeason 2 is set in an emergency call center. The call center helps chase major criminals in the few hours after their crimes. [More]Status: Completed Released: 2018 Rating: 8.35/10 (20 Votes)
Voice 3 (2019)Korean DramaEmergency 112 call center members deal with an international evil cartel. The group is involved in the internet's dark web. [More]Status: Completed Released: 2019 Rating: 8.67/10 (3 Votes)
Voice: 110 Emergency Control RoomJapanese DramaShogo Higuchi is a detective whose wife was murdered by a serial killer. Hikari Tachibana is a voice profiler whose father was murdered. She has a special hearing ability which… [More]Status: Ongoing Released: 2019 Rating: 9.5/10 (2 Votes)
Volleyball LoverTaiwanese DramaGrowing up together, Bai Qian Rui and Xin Hai Jing never saw one another as more than friends. So it's no wonder when Hai Xing called upon Qian Rui to… [More]Status: Completed Released: 2010 Rating: 9.06/10 (50 Votes)
Voltasaur Team KyouryugerJapanese DramaLong ago, in the age of the dinosaurs, Earth was invaded by forces from outer space. The only people capable of stopping them were a group of warriors known as… [More]Status: Completed Released: 2013 Rating: 9.83/10 (144 Votes)

subset: commoncrawl


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Amina Mama
Rhoda E HowardHassmann and Anthony P Lombardo
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text:
I: Gypsy
II: The Amish
III: Jewish Law
IV: Islamic Law
V: Embedded and
Polylegal Systems
VI: When God
is the Legislator
VII: "Private Creation and Enforcement of Law"
[Article to be turned into a chapter]
VIII: Somali
IX: Making Sense of English Law Enforcement in the
Eighteenth Century [Article to
be turned into a chapter]
X:Athenian Law:
The Work of a Mad Economist
XI: Puzzles of
Irish Law
XII: Enforcing Rules
XIII: Incentive to Enforce
XIV: Chinese Law
XV: Plains
Indian Law
XVI: Making Law
XVII: Guarding
This book draft is
webbed for comments: email@example.com
As you can see, the
present organization mixes chapters on legal systems with thread
chapters (boldfaced above), chapters discussing issues that run
through multiple legal systems. I have tried to arrange things
so that each thread chapter comes after the system chapters to
which it is most relevant.
I would be interested
in hearing, from anyone who has read through the draft, whether
he thinks it would work better if arranged as all of the system
chapters followed by all of the thread chapters.


text:
This is about family history research in Queensland, Australia. There are articles about sources, problem-solving research techniques, interesting items at Qld State Archives and elsewhere, and specific individuals (some of whom are mentioned in very unexpected sources). Explore the options in the tabs below, in the sidebar and at the bottom of the page, and visit my main Web site.
Tuesday, 26 March 2013
Problem with recent Queensland death indexes
My grandfather died in Queensland in 1967. Yesterday I noticed that his parents are not shown in the online death index entry, but their names are on his death certificate. I also noticed that in Grandad's index entry, columns for 'father' and 'mother' had blank spaces (not the dash that usually appears in the index when a death certificate does not include a parent's name).
An experiment with a common surname revealed that certain years seem to be worse than others. For example, there are 371 SMITH deaths in 1975-1976, but only 10 of them list the parents.
I don't want to waste time doing what someone has already done, so if you have asked the Queensland Registry of BDMs why they omitted parents' names from many of the later death index entries, please let us know the answer by leaving a comment here.
2 comments:
More than one person on the SEQ Germans list has notified Qld BDM about this.ReplyDelete
One lister posted yesterday (Mon 25th March 2013): I have just had an email reply from a Qld BDM guy who said that there is a small error in the system preventing the parents names from appearing for now on the death index but is being fixed at this moment.Replies
Thank you! I thought someone was sure to have investigated the problem during the 24 hours that I was off the Internet. :-)Delete
If you think we are related, or if you want to comment but cannot do so because of restrictions designed to block spam, please email me at the address shown here or on www.judywebster.com.au.


text:
If you think your HMO is bad, check out what Texas has created for its prison inmates By Michael Berryhill published: January 22, 1998
Five years ago, as Texas was expanding its prison system into one of the largest in the world, state Comptroller John Sharp was looking for ways to cut costs. For the previous half-decade, the price of inmate health care had been rising at a rate of 6 percent annually. With Texas planning to incarcerate 75,000 more people, a method had to be found to contain soaring medical costs. The one Sharp proposed seemed obvious, for it had already been tested in the free world: managed care.
Since 1980, when Federal Judge William Wayne Justice ruled that the Texas prison system's health care was in violation of the Constitution and had to be changed, the Texas prison system has tried to improve its inmate health care. It's hired more doctors and nurses, contracted with local practitioners near the prison units, stopped the practice of using inmate nurses and stepped up the use of specialist care. Then in 1993, as part of a sweeping audit of the prison system, Sharp urged the Legislature to take one more step and remove the Texas Department of Criminal Justice from health care almost altogether, and instead hand the problem over to two of the state's medical schools. Some 80 percent of the managed care would be provided by the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, which had been giving specialized care to inmates for almost 50 years. UTMB would handle prisoner care in east and south Texas, where the vast majority of the state's prisons are situated, while Texas Tech Health Sciences Center in Lubbock would handle the remaining 20 percent of the units in north and west Texas.
Sharp's proposal was hardly controversial. Sure, plenty of people in the free world hate their HMOs, but what sane Texas politician would want to deny prisoners a taste of managed care, especially if it promised to save money? It must have seemed so just. So in September 1994, UTMB and Texas Tech took over more than 3,000 prison medical workers and a budget of $270 million, pledging to cut costs and improve care for an inmate population that from 1994 to the present has almost doubled in size, from approximately 70,000 inmates to approximately 140,000.
After three years of managed care, the result, according to HMO officials, has been an overwhelming success. So far the state has saved some $125 million as the cost per inmate has dropped from the $182 a month the prison HMO was paid in its first contract to the approximately $160 a month it's paid currently, for a service that includes optometry, dentistry, autopsy and burial. Prison health care managers say the savings would be even higher if current costs were compared to what the cost would have been had the prison system continued to provide its own medical care, and if the price of that care had continued to rise 6 percent a year.
The managers of the prison health care system are not only able to trot out impressive financial statements, they also have a striking array of graphs and charts that show access to care among prisoners has improved while mortality rates have dropped. And all this has happened while the prison system was expanding rapidly, opening a new prison facility almost every two weeks for two years. Inmate medical care in Texas, they say, has become a model for other states.
It's a rosy view, but one that's not universally shared. A state audit released last Friday has raised a number of questions about the prison HMO's basic organization and how it's using the money that it's been allocated. Meanwhile, some inmates and prisoner advocates believe that prisoners had better health care before managed care was instituted, charging that not only has managed care failed to solve some of the prison system's endemic health problems, but that it has actually become part of the problem. The basic principle of an HMO, after all, is to limit care in order to save money, and that can leave prison inmates, who tend to be sicker than the general population because of their poverty and their drug and alcohol abuse, in a particularly vulnerable position. Any number of people can deny them care, from a poorly trained licensed vocational nurse to a physician's assistant at a pill window. Doctors at prison units can override the recommendations of Galveston specialists and take away medications, work restrictions and even crutches, walkers and back braces.
Since UTMB took over inmate care in east and south Texas, prisoner complaints have risen. In fact, state auditors found that while inmate grievances increased substantially after the HMO took over, the health care managers had no means to use grievances "to alert them to potential problems or identify trends, even when the number of grievances exceeds the system average." Among the problems:
*Inmates have been discouraged from getting medication.
*Doctors at local units have ignored what specialists said about inmates' conditions.
*Infectious diseases such as hepatitis, tuberculosis and drug-resistant staph have soared.
*An internal medical audit revealed serious lapses in treatment for HIV and AIDS.
*The Huntsville kidney dialysis unit lost its accreditation.
*At least eight prison unit physicians have had their licenses restricted by state medical boards.
Granted, Texas taxpayers might feel little sympathy for inmates, but they still might want to know whether they're getting their money's worth. And despite the unquestioned savings, there are some questions about where the funds paid to UTMB actually go. Some $668,000, for example, went right into the pockets of 60 UTMB physicians last year as bonuses, despite the protests of the prison board. Some Texas tax money appears to have been spent helping UTMB bid on providing health services for jails in New York City and for prison systems in other states. And a quarter of a million dollars goes to two highly paid -- and apparently underworked -- administrators who were once employed by the prison system. [See sidebar, page 20.]
And then there is the question of fairness. The punishment for people who commit crimes is the loss of their liberty; lack of medical care is not supposed to be part of the penalty too. But inmates who have not been given a death sentence can nonetheless die in prison from medical incompetence. One former prison health care administrator still shakes his head about a south Texas inmate who died of a strangulated hernia, a relatively simple medical problem to fix. No matter what the inmate did, he said, "no one deserves to die of a strangulated hernia."
In June 1996, inmate Stephen Kadis heard some reassuring news from his physician at the Pack 1 unit near Navasota. Kadis had collapsed twice with chest pain during the previous two months, and had been sent to specialists at UTMB in Galveston for tests. The tests indicated a swelling of the lining of the heart, but, Kadis's unit doctor assured him, the problem wasn't serious. In fact, he could go back to work. Work would even make him healthier, the doctor said, especially the kind of work Kadis was going to be doing for the TDCJ: working on the hoe squad, chopping weeds.
Kadis took the news with a certain amount of relief. He was going to be all right. Then 38 years old, Kadis was not a typical Texas inmate. He was well educated, with a master's degree from Columbia University in New York. After a business failure, he had carried a package for some people that turned out to be cocaine. It was a mistake, and he ended up in jail. His first three years were relatively uneventful. But after he became ill, prison life became hell.
For the next nine months, Kadis tried to work on the hoe squad, a job that has changed little since the 19th century. The men are hauled in wagons to work under the supervision of mounted guards, who are instructed to shoot any inmate who tries to escape. Kadis wasn't much of an escape risk. He felt so weak and off-balance, he says, that he kept falling over, and blacked out several times.
Kadis says he filed grievance after grievance with the prison medical authorities during those nine months, but his unit doctor kept sending him back to work. In June 1997 he was sent back to Galveston, which boasts the most advanced maximum-security hospital in the country, where his neck was x-rayed and he was given an MRI. The diagnosis was myelomalacia, a degeneration of the spinal cord caused by a narrowing of the spinal canal. "The specialist," says Kadis, "really didn't tell me anything, just wrote 'myelomalacia,' and sent me back." He was transferred to Ramsey 1 unit at Rosharon with work restrictions that included no lifting of anything heavier than five pounds and no prolonged standing.
But doctors at individual prison units have the right to judge whether an inmate has recovered from his problem and is fit for work, and the doctor at Ramsey 1, just like the doctor at Pack 1, wanted Kadis back on the hoe squad. But this time Kadis refused to go.
"Every day the guard would come and ask me if I was going to work, and I told them, 'You'll have to punish me'," he says. "So they took away three years of good time I had built up."
Kadis kept getting sicker. Eventually, his mother sent his chart to a private doctor, who was immediately alarmed. Myelomalacia is a degenerative disease that can prove fatal without highly specialized surgery. Kadis's family and his lawyer started sending letters to TDCJ officials protesting his work assignment and pointing out that without surgery he would die. One of the letters reached Lannette Linthicum, TDCJ's assistant medical director.
Linthicum doesn't intervene often, but she has a reputation as a sensible and compassionate physician who says what she thinks. Linthicum visited Kadis, he says, "and said she would make sure I was assigned to something where I wouldn't get hurt, and she saw that I got surgery." Last September, in a 14-hour-long operation, specialists at UTMB replaced three of Kadis's neck vertebrae with bone from his hip. "The surgery was as good as can be done," Kadis says now. "The services are fine when you get them, but so many people get them so late that they're crippled or sick."
The question is whether Kadis was just a victim of an incompetent unit doctor who either didn't know what myelomalacia was or was obsessed with malingering -- or whether the specialists who originally examined him in Galveston were trying to avoid a costly surgery. Kadis himself has a very simple diagnosis: "They were trying to kill me."
And he's convinced he wasn't the only inmate in danger from UTMB medical personnel. Kadis recalls a young inmate in his late twenties at the Pack 1 unit who had a heart condition. "His whole family had bad hearts," Kadis says. "He passed out three times and they still sent him out to the fields. They also send asthmatics to the fields, making them sick from pollen."
Thanks to the intervention of his family, Kadis was granted a "special needs" parole, which is typically given only to seriously ill inmates, and is now living with his mother in California. He reports that he is almost completely crippled. "I can't lift; I can't climb stairs," he says. "They quit abusing me, but not anyone else."
Dr. Jason Calhoun, UTMB's medical director for managed correctional health care, is the man in charge of inmate treatment. Recently, he conceded that he knew there were horror stories about UTMB Managed Correctional Health Care. But because of medical confidentiality laws, he said, he can't respond to them case by case. Still, Calhoun admitted that the care is not yet good enough. "We're only a third of the way there," he said.
To show just how far managed health care has come in Texas's prisons, Calhoun can produce an impressive array of data, much of it prepared for legislative committees. One such committee, chaired by state Senator John Whitmire of Houston, will hold hearings on managed care this winter. In addition, the managed care program will be examined as part of the Sunset review process for the entire TDCJ.
And later this year, managed care will have to pass even more stringent scrutiny. For months, lawyers and medical experts for inmates have been investigating prison medical records to see whether Texas's prison health care will pass constitutional muster in the federal court of Judge William Wayne Justice. For years, the state of Texas has been trying to remove its prison system from Justice's supervision, and to satisfy him, state lawyers will have to defend the managed care system in court.
As proof that inmates are not denied care, Calhoun and other prison managed health care administrators are fond of reciting the number of medical "encounters" the UTMB system has recorded. Encounters are registered by nurses and physicians on bubble sheets, one-page forms that UTMB created to track information. The health care providers fill in a circle on the form with a list of medical problems and treatments, the identify of an inmate and provider and so forth. Bubble sheets are sent daily to the administrative headquarters of UTMB Managed Care in Galveston, placed on a conveyer belt and run through a scanner, producing a wealth of computerized data. Something on the order of 3.6 million encounters were registered last year for 100,000 inmates under UTMB's care, meaning that the average inmate saw a doctor, a nurse or a physician's assistant 36 times in the course of a year. Managed Care officials cite the high numbers of such encounters as proof that inmates are not only getting access to care, but seem to be seeing medical personnel much more frequently than people out in the free world.
Unfortunately, raw numbers don't tell the whole story. In part, the number of medical encounters is high for prisoners because they have no choice but to go to a physician. People in the free world don't have to see a doctor or nurse every time they have a headache or cut their finger or have a cold. Instead, they can go to their medicine cabinet or the local drugstore. Prison inmates go to the infirmary.
The chief administrative officer for UTMB Managed Care, Leon Clements, says that one of the places the prison health system has made significant savings has been in the cost of drugs. In part, that's because drug purchases have been consolidated under a mass purchasing program through the University of Houston College of Pharmacy -- and such consolidation must undoubtedly make a difference, though Clements doesn't offer any data to support that contention.
Still, the real key to cutting drug costs in any medical care operation is to keep people from taking drugs in the first place. Before the prison system had an HMO, individual units were in the habit of providing a basic home medicine cabinet at the picket station at the end of cell rows. An inmate who had a headache or indigestion in the middle of the night could get permission from a guard and get some relief. Inmates with chronic conditions such as diabetes or tuberculosis, which require daily medication for a prolonged period of time, would be given "pill packs" with a 30-day supply of medication that they could keep with them. This was far from a perfect system; it did create problems with trafficking in and hoarding of drugs. Still, according to prison experts, security had some idea of which inmates could be trusted with pills and which couldn't.
With the advent of managed care in 1994, all medication must be taken at pill windows, and no one is allowed what were called "KOP," or Keep On Person, pill packs. In most units, the pill window is open only twice a day, once from 3 to 5 in the morning, and once in the evening, usually from 4 to 6 p.m., which tends to fall during mealtime. There is a water fountain at the pill station where the inmates must take their medicine under the eye of a guard. If 70 to 80 inmates require medication, the wait for a pill can be onerous and long, especially if an inmate is disabled or ill. And if the line is too long and all the patients are not served by closing time, the window is simply shut, and those who didn't get their medication have to come back later. In some cases, inmates have to choose between eating dinner or getting their pills. Chronically ill patients, such as those infected with TB, sometimes simply give up hope and don't bother to take their medication. For many inmates, it's not worth the hassle of going to the infirmary and waiting three days to see a doctor for something like the flu, a cold or a headache. As a result, drug costs drop.
But managed care didn't reduce the cost of inmate health care by millions simply by depriving inmates of aspirin, decongestants and antacids. One of the prison health system's former administrators, Jim Cook, says costs have also been cut by eliminating personnel that he says are necessary to provide adequate care. Cook is a former naval officer who spent his military career in health administration. After retirement, he worked in health care at Sam Houston State University at Huntsville before being recruited by the prison system ten years ago.
A large-bellied, chain-smoking, no-nonsense man, he hardly seems the type to get sentimental about medical care for criminals. But Cook is also a man who goes by the book. "I don't play games," he says, "and I'm not a politician." To Cook's way of thinking, if it isn't documented, it didn't happen, and Cook has seen plenty of documents over the last three years that make him believe UTMB has been making money for itself and some of its administrators and physicians by withholding care.
Cook began at TDCJ as a unit medical administrator in August 1987 and two years later was given a regional administrator's job overseeing ten units. After the TDCJ building boom started in 1989, he at one time supervised the medical care at 20 units.
"When UTMB took over," he says, "no one had any experience at a prison unit. The approach was typical of managed care: Cut costs, cut care."
Cook checked on the quality of care by going directly to the unit records. "I would go in and say 'let me see the sick-call log for last Thursday,' and then I would pull all the records," he says. "I would look at when the nurse saw the inmate, did she take signs, what was the disposition of the case.
"I found it much harder to track after the HMO came in. They put such a fear into people that they wouldn't report the true facts. The outcome was predetermined. They were going to make the record say what they wanted it to say."
Part of the HMO's problem, Cook says, is that UTMB has eliminated important clerical positions and consolidated nursing positions with administrative positions. The result is both inadequate care and inadequate documentation.
"I had an inmate shipped from the Hodge Unit in Rusk, which houses mentally retarded inmates," Cook says. "He was a brittle diabetic and had bad teeth, and we sent him to Galveston to have his teeth extracted. UTMB put him on a chain bus to Estelle Unit for a layover before returning him to Hodge. No one read the orders on him. He didn't get insulin for six days, and he died. He should have been kept in Galveston, and if he were moved, moved by ambulance. Several orders written by the dentist were ignored."
Transportation is one of the problems that besets UTMB's managed care program for inmates. When inmates are transported to Galveston, it can be expensive. Cook says he proposed that the system buy motor coaches and equip them as specialty clinics, then contract with a local specialist and have that physician see the inmates on site, rather than spend three or four days hauling them across the state.
The approach is one he saw in the Navy, Cook says, and it worked well. But he got nowhere when he raised the suggestion with the prison system, perhaps in part because it had the disadvantage of cutting outsiders in on UTMB's exclusive deal.
Still, there is much to be said for what UTMB has accomplished. It has built an HMO during an extremely expansive time of growth in the prison system. It has also created an innovative telemedicine system that some inmates like because they can be examined by a UTMB specialist via telephone and television without the inconvenience of traveling to Galveston. At the same time, UTMB's managed care system improved physicians' salaries and gradually slowed turnover, though the actual number of doctors and registered nurses has stayed relatively steady, despite the boom in the inmate population. What has been increased is the number of dentists and licensed vocational nurses, who are less expensive than RNs.
Seeing a UTMB physician, even if by remote control, can beat the hell out of seeing some of UTMB's unit physicians, at least eight of whom have had restrictions placed on their licenses for problems ranging from sexually molesting patients to botched abortions to drug and alcohol abuse.
But if a restricted choice of doctors is an element the prison HMO shares with many of its free world counterparts, there is something the inmate managed care program has been missing since its inception: co-payments. As of January 1, though, that changed. Although 85 percent of the prison population is indigent, in the last session the state Legislature passed a bill requiring a $3 co-payment for all inmate medical visits. Prison officials assert that no inmate will be denied care if he can't afford the co-payment, and also say chronically ill patients won't have to pay over and over again. But prisoner advocates are still concerned; as they point out, there are plenty of safeguards in prison regulations that in theory ought to work and don't.
And co-payments rankle for another reason. Although inmates sometimes work themselves sick in the TDCJ's factories and fields, in Texas, unlike many other states, they're never paid even a token wage. So they can't earn money to pay for their medical care, having instead to depend on savings, or funds sent to them by friends or family members.
The best result from co-payments would be to cut down on malingering, in which prisoners claim to be ill simply to avoid work (a problem that's been around prisons long before managed care came in). The downside, of course, is that some inmate with only $15 in his commissary account might hesitate to visit the infirmary for what seems to be a small problem, and thus let a simple medical condition become a serious one.
Too, it could reduce the impressive numbers of "encounters" UTMB officials toss out to show that managed care is working. Of course, measuring health care by the number of inmate medical encounters may work as a public relations tool, but it's actually irrelevant to the standards of care that the prisons must meet, standards set both by the federal courts and the National Commission on Correctional Health Care, the HMO's outside accrediting agency. These standards require that once an inmate files a sick-call request, he must be seen by a nurse or a physician's assistant within two days and, if the problem warrants, by a physician within seven days. The paperwork that determines whether a prison unit is meeting these guidelines has nothing to do with encounter forms.
Instead, access to care must be measured by how well the unit tracks and disposes of individual cases. Adequate medical care is measured first by whether the inmate is seen in time, and second by the appropriateness of the treatment. Providing proper care requires keeping accurate medical records, and while encounter forms are good for public relations, they mean little to medical records specialists. What, for example, does it mean if a nurse checks off a bubble that says an inmate was seen for say, diabetes, if he wasn't properly evaluated?
As it happens, there is no bubble on the HMO's encounter form that says "malingering," but according to nurses, former inmates and prisoner advocates, many inmates are sent away with just that evaluation.
And some inmates do malinger, admits a former nurse who worked in several prison units for more than ten years. "But from the beginning you are taught to treat them mean," she adds. "There was never anything wrong with an inmate. Anybody that treats them nice is called an inmate lover."
"A nurse is supposed to look at an inmate," she says, "but sometimes they'll turn down a request if they judge the inmate has already been seen. They'll write a 'no-show' on appointments because the inmate can't get out for security reasons. A guard might fail to get them out for various reasons, or there might be a lockdown. A lot of focus is on getting rid of the sick-call requests."
The only way to legitimately determine both the quality of care and the adequacy of access is through sampling medical records, and the prison system has an office dedicated to that purpose, the TDCJ Health Service Division. Its team of auditors is supposed to review units annually and make recommendations for corrective action. Last May, the Health Service Division summarized the five most frequently found problems in the units it had audited. Of 58 units audited, 41 failed to follow up on a program of flu immunizations for offenders at special risk; 42 failed to adequately account for emergency room procedures; 44 could not properly document that they had counseled inmates in need of therapeutic diets; and 49 could not document that they had offered vaccines to inmates at risk for pneumonia, which would include the elderly, the chronically ill and those with HIV.
But the most revealing statistic was that 48 of the 58 units missed an audit question concerning their documentation for access to care. In short, units were saying they had provided care -- but didn't have the paperwork to prove it.
Curiously enough, such problems haven't hurt the accreditation rating of units. The National Commission on Correctional Health Care has never turned down a Texas prison unit for accreditation. And on the state level, units that are not in compliance have frequently been given extensions to get into compliance by Dr. Michael Warren, who until recently was the medical director of the TDCJ Health Services Division on a part-time basis.
Compliance was also a problem pointed to in the state audit released last week. Although all units are supposed to be fully accredited by the NCCHC, auditors found that once deficiencies are found, "no on-site follow-up visits to the units are conducted to verify the corrective actions actually took place" and furthermore, "no criteria or performance standards exist to determine, quantitatively, when a unit is assessed to be in compliance."
Despite the often critical stance of TDCJ's medical auditors, Warren rarely criticized UTMB's managed care -- in part perhaps because he was spending most of his time employed by UTMB as its chief of urology. When the Press asked TDCJ director Wayne Scott how Warren could manage such an obvious conflict of interest, Scott replied that "Dr. Warren is here at our request, not at anybody else's, as part-time medical director. Mike Warren is a guy, we believe, that can separate those two responsibilities."
Scott added that he had been seeking a full-time medical director for the past couple of years, but hadn't found a candidate he liked. But two days after talking to the Press about Warren, Scott fired the doctor, and sent a secretary to Galveston to collect his state computer and car.
Critics say that the Health Services Division is understaffed for the volume of work it's charged with handling, but last fall, help seemed to be on the way when the prison system began trying to fill 38 new positions. But nobody ended up being hired because, Scott says, TDCJ decided to think about having the audit work done by a private contractor rather than by state employees.
In general, criticisms of UTMB's inmate medical care have been met with resistance and denial by UTMB officials. Alarmed by deaths at its Stiles Unit in Beaumont, where UTMB has moved convicts seriously ill from HIV and AIDS, in September 1996 the TDCJ board ordered its Health Services Division to conduct a "mortality review" of 24 inmate deaths. A task force of physicians and nurses who reviewed the unit's medical records found that 16 of the 24 cases had been handled improperly. Although the Stiles unit was supposed to specialize in dealing with AIDS, here are some of the findings concerning these deaths:
*"Poor recognition by ... staff of signs/ symptoms of acute infection."
*"Need for education of staff regarding signs/symptoms of HIV- related opportunistic infections."
*"Incorrect diagnosis of HIV made by Stiles physician."
*"Patient starved to death in infirmary."
*"Fevers were never addressed."
*"Chronic care was not performed according to policy for HIV disease."
*"Nursing staff did not refer significant findings to the physician."
*"Patient was left in his cell in general population despite recurrent fever, cough, disorientation and inability to walk to clinic."
*"Patient was housed inappropriately ... and was gassed in the infirmary." When a peer review is this critical, most medical institutions would call for disciplinary action, but UTMB's medical director for the prison HMO, Jason Calhoun, overruled the physicians who found these problems, and no action was taken. Calhoun declared that the task force from the prison board had "no business" telling UTMB how to manage HIV care. Despite these problems, UTMB officials insist they have made significant progress, and that HIV care at Stiles is among the best in the nation; they also say they will soon be administering protease inhibitors, the most effective drugs yet found for the treatment of those with HIV.
But protease inhibitors are expensive as well as effective. And the high price of such drugs, says Leon Clements, the chief administrative officer of UTMB's correctional managed care program, may limit any further reductions in the cost of prisoner care.
When UTMB took over the managed care of Texas prisons, it had a lot of work to do. Some of the system's existing medical staff was incompetent, and had to be retrained. Turnover was high, something that has been reduced. Not that there aren't still plenty of job openings available. Take, for instance, the job description of licensed vocational nurse for the prison system. In December, Managed Care posted 28 openings for LVNs, who are the first line of defense in medical matters. An LVN, the job description says, is responsible for "respond[ing] rapidly to emergencies at any location on the unit, and if indicated perform[ing] CPR."
Unfortunately, rapid response wasn't the case at 5 a.m. Saturday, November 22, 1997, when a 48-year-old inmate named Virgil Kimble fell off a toilet in the H pod at the LeBlanc Unit in Beaumont. Kimble was knocked unconscious and soiled himself. Inmates called a guard, who called the unit's infirmary, and 15 or 20 minutes later, two LVNs came in, cleaned up Kimble and started talking to him.
According to a statement signed by seven inmates at the scene, the nurses seemed to be "goading and bullying" Kimble, who was gasping for breath. He finally managed to walk off the wing to the infirmary, about 400 yards away. (Because of a faulty design of the dormitory doors at the LeBlanc unit, neither a wheelchair nor a gurney can pass through them.) A half-hour later, Kimble walked back to his dormitory and said he thought he was all right.
At 4 o'clock that afternoon, he lay down on his bunk and died. Several inmates beat on the glass door and the guard immediately called the medical staff, but the afternoon shift, consisting of a male and female nurse, took an hour to get there. By the time they did, Kimble was cold.
According to one inmate, "they did two or three blows on the chest" and called for a stretcher. "Then they put an oxygen mask on him, but if a guy's not breathing, oxygen won't do him any good."
Kimble, who was serving a 12-year sentence for burglary and drug possession, seemed to have no family and few friends aside from some pen pals in other prison units. The final service he received from his HMO was not a trip to the emergency room, but an autopsy and (if no family claimed the body) a burial. The state economizes on the burial, too. Each grave at the cemetery at Huntsville is marked with a white cross, but the state wastes no money putting a name or even a number on them.
It's hard to say that Kimble died because his medical care was provided by an HMO; it's possible he might have died in a non-HMO arrangement as well. But the circumstances of Kimble's death contrast sharply with what every top prison health care administrator told the Press. Every unit's nursing staff, they said, is especially attuned to responding to emergencies.
Of course, the final question might be, so what? So what if prisoners are poorly cared for? So what if they get boils and rashes from infectious staph, or their TB goes untreated because they've lost hope and won't get up at three in the morning to wait in line at a pill window? So what if prison is unpleasant?
The problem with that line of thought is that, like it or not, most inmates don't stay in prison forever. Eventually, they're released, filled with resentment and cynicism at what the free world calls justice.
And whatever money the public has saved on health care behind bars, it could end up spending again when inmates show up at the doors of tax-funded clinics and hospitals.


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Originally published in GPSolo Magazine's October/November 2008 issue
By L. Rush Hunt
Contemplating writing an article on planning your death is a task that will depress even an optimist. Also, reducing one's life to a checklist—a final "to-do" list—as is done in this article does seem to be a bit too much efficiency. Yet, those who practice estate planning and probate law know that much mischief can befall the estate of one who does not implement a well-written estate plan.
Personal Considerations
Let's first look to what can be termed the personal considerations of an estate plan. Lawyers often overlook these considerations simply because they are personal, rather than legal, in nature, but they are essential nevertheless. Funeral and burial arrangements should be made well in advance. No one wants a family dispute at the funeral home over funeral arrangements. Most lawyers have "war stories" of a court battle prior to the funeral over everything from the selection of flowers and pallbearers to the choice of coffin or urn. Perhaps little can be done to avoid the rush to court for an emergency protective order to keep disgruntled and threatening heirs away from each other at the funeral home, but at least dignity can be assured if funeral arrangements are made in advance. The executor should know such basic things as the funeral home that has been selected, the funeral arrangements, and the location of the original will so that the executor can take appropriate action if the family starts to unravel prior to the funeral.
The executor will need quick access to a great deal of information. Estates that are well planned in terms of the legal documents often are poorly planned in providing the executor with the vital information needed to begin the difficult and time-consuming task of estate settlement. A complete and current listing of all assets and their locations is indispensable. This listing should include supporting documents such as deeds, insurance policies, brokerage statements, all legal documents such as wills and trusts, and the keys to and locations of safe deposit boxes and personal safes (with combinations). Also essential is a listing of all personal or business advisors, including life and property and casualty insurance agents and their companies, stockbrokers and financial planners, and accountants. Names, addresses, and telephone numbers are vital. The same questionnaire used by the lawyer during the formation of the estate plan can be used by the client to keep updated financial information. See Sample Form #1 (page 50) for a questionnaire that, when supplemented by all supporting documents, will greatly aid the executor.
Powers of Attorney
A durable power of attorney, an advanced health care directive, and a will are the essentials. The durable power of attorney, traditionally termed a general power of attorney, involves only a few basic decisions. The reader is reminded that traditionally powers of attorney were only effective until a person's disability, following which judicial oversight was required through a state's guardianship proceedings. As the demand increased for private oversight (rather than judicial oversight) of financial affairs during disability, the states adopted statutes providing that powers of attorney could continue during disability if a specific provision so providing is inserted in the document. Absent such a provision, guardianship laws apply. Thus, any general power of attorney that is intended to continue during disability should comply with that state's law. By doing so the typical general power of attorney becomes a so-called durable power of attorney—simply meaning the power continues during disability and is not terminated by disability requiring a guardianship.
The primary decision to be made is to select an individual to act as the power of attorney and, if possible, to select an alternate. On occasions it may be more appropriate to name two individuals to serve as co-powers of attorney. If two individuals are to serve, then a decision must be made as to whether the power is to be exercised by the individuals jointly or if they may exercise the power separately. Absent a specific directive allowing the delegated powers to be exercised separately, the general rule of law is that both signatures are required. Oftentimes it is more convenient to allow separate signatures.
An additional consideration is the extent of the powers granted, including whether powers should be given for disclaiming an inheritance, borrowing money, selling real estate, making decisions over retirement account distributions, and whether or not to allow gift giving. If gift giving is allowed, then a decision must be made as to what extent gifts can be given and to what class of persons gifts can be given. Further, a decision must be made as to when the power of attorney becomes effective: Is it effective immediately upon signing the document, or does it become effective only at disability? If the document becomes effective only at disability, then it must contain specific wording defining how disability is to be determined. See Sample Form #2 (page 51) for a durable power of attorney checklist.
Advanced Health Care Directives
The primary considerations in an advanced health care directive are obvious and include naming the individual health care decision maker, deciding if an alternate is needed, and if so, naming that individual. Then decisions must be made as to what health care powers are granted and, more importantly, the extent to which end-of-life decisions can be made. These decisions involve consideration of a number of factors, including the use and withdrawal of respirators and nutrition and hydration, and if death is imminent, whether organ donation, organ transplants, or donation of one's body for medical and scientific research is appropriate. In addition to a well-prepared legal document, it is important that a person's desires not only are stated in the legal document but also are explained personally to the health care decision maker. All family members should be aware of who the decision maker is, unless there are extenuating family circumstances that justify withholding this information from the family. See Sample Form # (page 51) for an advanced health care directive checklist. A helpful ABA resource is Carol Krohm and Scott K. Summers's Advance Health Care Directives: A Handbook for Professionals (2002).
While trusts have taken on a more prominent role in recent years, a will remains the central and most important estate planning document. Basic decisions concerning wills include naming the executor and guardian for underage children and possibly an alternate executor and guardian, determining the compensation to be paid to the executor and guardian, waiving a surety bond for the executor and guardian when appropriate, and making specific gifts to individuals. When making specific gifts in a will, it is essential to decide whether or not the beneficiaries' right to the value of a gift lapses if the gift itself no longer exists at the time of death. Failing to do so runs the risk of the application of the common law rule (or its statutory modification) of ademption, under which beneficiaries lose all rights to the value of a gift if it no longer exists. Further, a decision must be made concerning whether or not the gift lapses if the individual predeceases the testator. Depending on state law, a lapse may not be automatic. Indeed, in many states the gift will not lapse but will pass equally to the descendants of the deceased beneficiary unless specific wording is added to create a lapse. Another area of concern is the distribution of personal property, particularly household contents, furniture and furnishings, jewelry, and collections. It is these items that can create the greatest ill will in a family when several family members want the same sentimental item. There are numerous ways to handle these types of property, but none offer a perfect solution. Nonetheless, serious consideration should be given to avoid ill will or, worse, litigation. The writer recalls all too vividly three children arguing in court over which two of them would receive their father's two World War II uniforms. Seeing a fellow lawyer and heir breaking down in court in tears over his father's uniform is a pain that does not need to find its way into the legal system. The basic will concludes by passing the residue of the estate to the beneficiaries and providing for an alternative disposition if the primary beneficiary is deceased. Provisions for trusts for beneficiaries are discussed below.
The importance of reviewing asset ownership and beneficiary designations cannot be overlooked. Many well-written wills fail to pass on the estate as intended owing to a failure to recognize the effect of the non-probate disposition of assets. It is important to determine what assets are owned jointly with right of survivorship, payable on death, or payable under a transfer on death requirement on a brokerage account.
Similarly, beneficiary designations for life insurance policies, retirement accounts, or annuities must be reviewed. Individuals often fail to recognize how asset ownership affects a will, assuming that these non-probate assets will somehow pass under a will. See Sample Form #4 (page 52) for a checklist containing some of the considerations for a basic will.
The use of trusts and their utility for both the grantor and his or her beneficiaries are considerable depending upon the needs of the beneficiaries. Because this topic is so broad, only a few basic considerations will be addressed here. An individual trust for a single grantor or a joint trust for a couple can be used to simplify estate settlement. In this type of trust, the grantor creates a trust for the benefit of him- or herself, or if married, for his or her spouse, transferring assets into the trust during lifetime. The trust provides privacy for those assets; at death those assets are not reported to the probate court, and in some estates this also will simplify estate settlement. The trust can continue for the benefit of the surviving spouse, if there is one, and then can continue for the benefit of the next generation of beneficiaries after the death of both the grantor and his or her spouse. Although the trust can terminate and be distributed outright following the death of the last to die of the grantor and the surviving spouse, it may be wise for the trust to continue. For example, if the beneficiaries are young, it is important for the trust to continue and provide benefits for education, support, and health care needs, but otherwise withhold distributions until the beneficiaries have completed their education and become more mature. Other trusts should continue for the lifetime of the beneficiary to provide the beneficiary with asset protection against a divorce action or a civil law suit for tort or contract liability. In other situations the next-generation beneficiary may suffer from substance abuse, gambling abuse, or other addiction problems, which makes it essential to restrict an inheritance to a trust for the beneficiary's lifetime with provisions prohibiting distribution, or at least limiting distribution, when the beneficiary is suffering from substance abuse problems. In still other situations the beneficiary may have physical or mental limitations that make a trust a more proper manner for that person to inherit. Oftentimes these trust arrangements are referred to as a special needs trust when the beneficiary qualifies for Medicaid or other governmental benefits and the grantor does not want to see the trust assets expended for needs otherwise provided for by such programs. A partial checklist for a trust can be found in Sample Form #5 (page 53). A more thorough treatment of these issues and checklists for various types of trusts are included in the author's forthcoming ABA book, tentatively titled Estate Planning Forms Deskbook.
By utilizing the checklists and comments provided in this article, coupled with your own expertise, you can create a checklist that is specific to your own practice. A good checklist is important as it will eliminate many of the omissions that can occur when drafting an estate plan without the use of a good system of checklists.
- Rush Hunt is a partner at Hunt & Hunt, P.S.C., in Madisonville, Kentucky, where he focuses his practice on estate planning, tax law, and business law. He may be reached at email@example.com.


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Nicolas Cage out on $11,000 bail after New Orleans arrest
Nicolas Cage was arrested Friday in New Orleans on a domestic abuse charge after an allegedly drunken argument with his wife, Alice Kim, about whether the French Quarter residence they were standing in front of was in fact their rental. On Saturday, police released more details about the arrest.
During the couple's fight, a New Orleans Police Dept. spokesman said, Cage allegedly grabbed Kim by the upper arm and pulled her toward the house that he insisted -- and she disagreed -- was their rental. The "Drive Angry 3D" star, 47, then started hitting parked cars on the street and tried to get into a cab, police said, until an officer who'd been flagged down by onlookers told him to get out of the taxi.
Cage then challenged officers to arrest him, TMZ first reported, ultimately getting his wish.
The "Leaving Las Vegas" Academy Award winner was booked at 6:33 a.m. CDT Saturday on charges of domestic abuse battery, disturbing the peace and public drunkenness. Cage was released from Orleans Parish Prison several hours later on $11,000 bail.
The incident went down on Dumaine Street, WGNO reported. Cage did own the LaLaurie Mansion on Royal Street in the French Quarter for a couple of years before losing it and a Garden District home to foreclosure in 2009. A Bel-Air mansion owned by Cage, which had $18 million in loans against it and was listed for sale at $35 million in 2006, reverted to the lender after a failed bank auction in April 2010; a new owner picked up the 11,871-square-foot digs for a mere $10.5 million last November.
Hey, at least he didn't break into a quaint-looking bank, thinking it was home sweet home.
Cage, who according to IMDb currently makes in the neighborhood of $6 million to $7.5 million per live-action film, is due in court May 31.
Kim is the actor's third wife (Patricia Arquette was No. 1 and Lisa Marie Presley was No. 2). Cage and Kim married in 2004 and have a son, Kal-El, born in 2005. Weston Cage, the actor's 20-year-old son with Christina Fulton, wrote and performed the title track for dad's "Drive Angry."
Nobody wants Nicolas Cage's 'frat house bordello' mansion
'Drive Angry' movie premieres with Nicolas Cage, Amber Heard at the wheel
Report: Nicolas Cage arrested in New Orleans for alleged domestic abuse, disturbing the peace
-- Christie D'Zurilla
The Associated Press contributed to this report.
Photos, from top: Alice Kim and Nicolas Cage at the hand and footprints ceremony for producer Jerry Bruckheimer in Hollywood in May 2010; Cage in a booking photo released Saturday by the Orleans Parish Sheriff's Office. Credits:Mario Anzuoni / Reuters; Orleans Parish Sheriff's Office / Associated Press


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'Fox Blocker' Is Yours For $8.95
It's not that Sam Kimery objects to the views expressed on Fox News. The creator of the "Fox Blocker" contends the channel is not news at all.
Kimery figures he's sold about 100 of the little silver bits of metal that screw into the back of most televisions, allowing people to filter Fox News from their sets, since its August debut.
The Tulsa, Okla., resident also has received thousands of e-mails, both angry and complimentary — as well as a few death threats.
"Apparently the making of terroristic threats against those who don't share your views is a high art form among a certain core audience," said Kimery, 45.
Formerly a registered Republican, even a precinct captain, Kimery became an independent in the 1990s when he said the state party stopped taking input from its everyday members.
Kimery now contends Fox News' top-level management dictates a conservative journalistic bias, that inaccuracies are never retracted, and what winds up on the air is more opinion than news.
"I might as well be reading tabloids out of the grocery store," he says. "Anything to get a rise out of the viewer and to reinforce certain retrograde notions."
A Fox spokeswoman at the station's New York headquarters said the channel's ratings speak for themselves. For the first three months of this year, Fox has been averaging 1.62 million viewers in prime-time, compared with CNN's 805,000, according to Nielsen Media Research.
Kimery's motives go deeper than preventing people from watching the channel, which he acknowledges can be done without the Blocker. But he likens his device to burning a draft card, a tangible example of disagreement.
And he's taking this message to the network's advertisers. After buying the $8.95 device online, would-be blockers are shown a letter that they can send to advertisers via the Fox Blocker site.
"The point is not to block the channel or block free speech but to raise awareness," said Kimery, who works in the tech industry.
Kimery doesn't use the device himself; his remote is programmed to only a half-dozen channels. Plus he occasionally feels the need to tune into Fox News for something "especially heinous."
Business could pick up since the blocker was alluded to in a recent episode of the ABC drama "Boston Legal." The show's original script mentioned Fox News, but ABC had the references removed.
The boisterous conversations on Fox News may be why the station is so popular, said Matthew Felling, media director for the Center for Media and Public Affairs, a nonprofit, nonpartisan media watchdog group. And despite a perception that Fox leans to the right, Felling said, that doesn't mean people who lean left should tune out.
"It's tough to engage in an argument when you're not participating in it," Felling said. "It's just one more layer in the wall that the right and the left are building in between each other."


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The Colbert Report tackled the latest innovation in Madden NFL 12 last night, with pseudo-conservative host Stephen Colbert—no stranger to video games—blasting EA Sports' "horrifying new feature" that sidelines Madden players suffering from concussions.
EA calls the new feature "another opportunity to create awareness" about the impact of head injuries on players, but Colbert has (unofficially) put the Madden maker on notice.
"We cannot let real-world consequences invade our mindless video games," Colbert warned during his most recent Threatdown segment. He underscored that opinion by highlighting the removal of mindless from games like Grand Theft Auto IV and his own "teachable moment" from Angry Birds.
Watch a clip of that segment above or see the whole thing at Colbert Nation below.
ThreatDown - Superman, Madden NFL 12 & Glee [Colbert Nation]


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Sebastian Frey has praised the work of Genoa President Enrico Preziosi, as well as discussing how to improve Italian football.
The French shot-stopper moved to the Grifone in 2011 and has commended the work done by the team's owner, but issued a word of warning to the people in charge at the top of the national game.
"Coming to Genoa was a lifestyle choice," he told Calciatori. "My children live in Forte dei Marmi, so I wanted to be near them, but I also came here because I really believe in President Preziosi.
"The problem with football in Italy is what revolves around it," he said. "There are too many controversies, too many bad episodes – inside and outside the stadiums.
"We also have to think about the economic crisis, which has removed a lot of fans from watching games on a Sunday."
He then went on to comment on his career in Serie A, having played on the peninsula since 1998.
"All the teams I've played for have great meaning to me. With Inter I played with some great champions.
"At Verona I proved that I could play in this League and could grow as a player. In Parma I had the opportunity to work with a great club that maintains stability – which is rare in football.
"Fiorentina were fundamental for my breakthrough. I became a good player through my experience in the Champions League with them and the wonderful group of players we had there."
Watch Serie A live in the UK on Premier Sports for just £9.99 per month including live LaLiga, Eredivisie, Scottish Cup Football and more. Visit: https://www.premiersports.com/subscribenow


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Hornets sign Patrick Ewing Jr. to 10-day deal
The New Orleans Hornets are signing Patrick Ewing Jr. from Sioux Falls Skyforce in the NBA D-League to 10-day contract after losing David West for the season.
Ewing was averaging 19.9 points and 10.6 rebounds per game with the Skyforce.
HoopsVibe's Very Quick Call: Not sure if NOLA fans will be chanting 'Patrick Ewing' like the faithful at Madison Square Gardens.
This isn't the Patrick Ewing, the Hall of Fame center with the New York Knicks. It's his son, an athletic swing who has been on the verge of making 'The League' for some time.
Ewing Jr. had been destroying the 'D'-League before getting called-up by the New Orleans Hornets, who had an open roster spot after David West's knee injury.
He'll need to use his athleticism on defense and finish in the open court to parlay his 10-day contract into something more long-term.
Whatever happens, following Ewing Jr. will be fun.
--Oly Sandor.
Got thoughts? Well, get at HoopsVibe News in the comment box below.


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The difference operator, (similar to the derivative operator), and the sum operator, (similar to the integration operator), can be used to change an algorithm because they are inverses.
Sum of (difference of y) = y
Difference of (sum of y) = y
An example of using them that way in a c program is below.
This c program demonstrates three approaches to making an array of squares.
- The first approach is the simple obvious approach,
y = x*x.
- The second approach uses the equation
(difference in y) = (x0 + x1)*(difference in x).
- The third approach is the reverse and uses the equation
(sum of y) = x(x+1)(2x+1)/6.
The second approach is consistently slightly faster then the first one, even though I haven't bothered optimizing it. I imagine that if I tried harder I could make it even better.
The third approach is consistently twice as slow, but this doesn't mean the basic idea is dumb. I could imagine that for some function other than
y = x*x this approach might be faster. Also there is an integer overflow issue.
Trying out all these transformations was very interesting, so now I want to know what are some other pairs of mathematical operators I could use to transform the algorithm?
Here is the code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
#define tries 201
#define loops 100000
void printAllIn(unsigned int array[tries]){
unsigned int index;
for (index = 0; index < tries; ++index)
printf("%u\n", array[index]);
int main (int argc, const char * argv[]) {
Goal, Calculate an array of squares from 0 20 as fast as possible
long unsigned int obvious[tries];
long unsigned int sum_of_differences[tries];
long unsigned int difference_of_sums[tries];
clock_t time_of_obvious1;
clock_t time_of_obvious0;
clock_t time_of_sum_of_differences1;
clock_t time_of_sum_of_differences0;
clock_t time_of_difference_of_sums1;
clock_t time_of_difference_of_sums0;
long unsigned int j;
long unsigned int index;
long unsigned int sum1;
long unsigned int sum0;
long signed int signed_index;
time_of_obvious0 = clock();
for (j = 0; j < loops; ++j)
for (index = 0; index < tries; ++index)
obvious[index] = index*index;
time_of_obvious1 = clock();
time_of_sum_of_differences0 = clock();
for (j = 0; j < loops; ++j)
for (index = 1, sum_of_differences[0] = 0; index < tries; ++index)
sum_of_differences[index] = sum_of_differences[index-1] + 2 * index - 1;
time_of_sum_of_differences1 = clock();
time_of_difference_of_sums0 = clock();
for (j = 0; j < loops; ++j)
for (signed_index = 0, sum0 = 0; signed_index < tries; ++signed_index) {
sum1 = signed_index*(signed_index+1)*(2*signed_index+1);
difference_of_sums[signed_index] = (sum1 - sum0)/6;
sum0 = sum1;
time_of_difference_of_sums1 = clock();
// printAllIn(obvious);
"The obvious approach y = x*x took, %f seconds\n",
((double)(time_of_obvious1 - time_of_obvious0))/CLOCKS_PER_SEC
// printAllIn(sum_of_differences);
"The sum of differences approach y1 = y0 + 2x - 1 took, %f seconds\n",
((double)(time_of_sum_of_differences1 - time_of_sum_of_differences0))/CLOCKS_PER_SEC
// printAllIn(difference_of_sums);
"The difference of sums approach y = sum1 - sum0, sum = (x - 1)x(2(x - 1) + 1)/6 took, %f seconds\n",
(double)(time_of_difference_of_sums1 - time_of_difference_of_sums0)/CLOCKS_PER_SEC
return 0;
There are two classes of optimizations here: strength reduction and peephole optimizations.
Strength reduction is the usual term for replacing "expensive" mathematical functions with cheaper functions -- say, replacing a multiplication with two logarithm table lookups, an addition, and then an inverse logarithm lookup to find the final result.
Peephole optimizations is the usual term for replacing something like multiplication by a power of two with left shifts. Some CPUs have simple instructions for these operations that run faster than generic integer multiplication for the specific case of multiplying by powers of two.
You can also perform optimizations of individual algorithms. You might write
a * b, but there are many different ways to perform multiplication, and different algorithms perform better or worse under different conditions. Many of these decisions are made by the chip designers, but arbitrary-precision integer libraries make their own choices based on the merits of the primitives available to them.


text:
Sanctuary Health are currently looking for an experienced and dedicated Inpatient Registered Mental Health Nurse to work full-time within a Learning Disabilities Ward in West Southampton. The ideal candidates will possess highly developed specialist knowledge of Mental Health Nursing and be registered with the NMC.
The pay rate for this locum Registered Mental Health Nurse job is £20 per hour (LTD Company Equivalent) and is an initial 3-month contract.
Requirements of the Registered Mental Health Nurse:
- Degree or equivalent within Mental Health Nursing (RMN trained)
- NMC registration and a valid live pin
- Recent UK Mental Health Nursing experience
- Inpatient experience
This Registered Mental Health Nurse job is advertised by Neil Swager; if you are interested in this position please click above to apply now.
Due to the high volume of applications we receive, regretfully we are only able to respond to candidates who meet our clients' requirements.
Reasonable Adjustments:
If you consider yourself to have a disability or require any reasonable adjustment during the recruitment process or within the workplace, please highlight this at the earliest opportunity. With this information, we will provide appropriate support to you throughout the process and into your work placement.


text:
Joshua Stow, a brief biography
Joshua Stow was born April 22, 1762, in Middlefield, Connecticut. His family originated in England in the 1600's, and included the first minister in Middletown, a Congregationalist. He married Ruth Coe in 1786. They had at least three children. Joshua died Oct. 10, 1842, and was buried in the "Old Cemetery" in Middlefield.
His tall tombstone is still there. From the inscription on the tombstone, we find that his title was "Honorable," and that he had contributed to Connecticut's Constitution. The main histories of our area tell of his early journey here in 1796-97 as part of Moses Cleaveland's team, helping to survey the Western Reserve around the mouth of the Cuyahoga River at Lake Erie. He was the company's commissary manager (in charge of distributing food and drink). When he saw the forested future township, he said it was "one of the prettiest and most romantic spots in the Western Reserve." He purchased the whole five-mile square of Stow Township as an investment, for $14,154.
After he returned to Connecticut, he hired a relative, Judge William Wetmore, to travel to Stow and settle there. Wetmore would handle further sales of land in Stow. Wetmore took his family and several other men to Stow in the summer of 1804.
Although the township is named for him, Joshua Stow never lived here. He continued to reside in Connecticut. He made 13 trips here, the old stories say. Travel in those days was always arduous and frequently dangerous. People could either ride horseback through dense forests and over the Appalachian Mountains, following Indian trails, or they could brave the waters of Lake Erie in small boats and barges full of supplies. Either route would take them more than a month each way. Some of Stow's relatives did settle here, and a few of their descendants still live in Stow.
Back in Middletown (next to Middlefield) Joshua Stow was appointed postmaster and tax collector. He was also an associate judge of the court. He was "at the center of the political troubles" there, according to A Pictorial History of Middletown. He favored Thomas Jefferson in the presidential race of 1800, and thus became an enemy of the local Federalists, who wanted the social order to remain as it was: dominated by the Congregational Church. For over a century, one had to be a member of that church in order to hold public office in Connecticut.
Stow's convictions that the church should not be the center of the government led him to take an active role in Connecticut's Constitutional Convention in 1818. He wrote Article Seven of the state constitution, making it a matter of personal choice as to which church a person could join. When he was branded an "infidel" by a newspaper editor, Stow filed a libel suit against the paper. At the trial, even his brothers and sisters labeled his behavior "ungodly". He did win his suit, but continued to be criticized for such things as bringing ministers of other denominations to preach at Middlefield's Congregational Church.
The full text of the libel action may be read in the Local History room. The Stow family genealogy is also available in printed format and as a Family Treemaker file on the Local History room computer.


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Abstract and Keywords
This entry defines the term Arab American, followed by a discussion of the two waves of immigration: before 1924 and post-1965. A demographic overview is presented next, drawing from data available through analysis of the ancestry question on the long form of the United States Census. Previously invisible in the scholarly and practice literatures, key concerns related to stereotypes emanating through recent world events, assumptions about gender relations, and struggles concerning family relations are highlighted. Finally, practice implications are considered, with an emphasis on cultural sensitivity and social justice.
The term Arab American is relatively new, signifying a pan-ethnic term meant to capture a diverse group of people who differ with respect to national origins, religion, and historical experiences of migration to the United States. Arab American refers to those individuals whose ancestors arrived from Arab-speaking countries, including 22 nations in North Africa and West Asia. Religious faiths include both Christian and Muslim; Lebanon is the number one country of origin for Arab immigrants to the United States, followed by Syria and Egypt. Defined objectively, any individual with ancestral ties to an Arabic-speaking country may be considered an Arab American. This characterization, however, rests upon a language-based definition, obscuring the cultural and structural variations that differentiate those who fall within this pan-ethnic category (Ajrouch & Jamal, 2007).
Keywords: Arab, ethnicity, gender, Muslim, stereotype
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text:
Classification for Kingdom
Plantae Down to
Lewisia columbiana (Howell ex A. Gray) B.L. Rob.
Click on names to expand them, and on P for
PLANTS profiles.
Enter a scientific or common name at any rank. The report
will display the kingdom and all descendants leading down to
the name you choose.


text:
Accelerated Aging Tests
Question: I recently experienced a failure on an accelerated aging test of a polyurethane coating system.
I recently experienced a failure on an accelerated aging test of a polyurethane coating system. The test consisted of 24 days of humidity (90% relative humidity at 53° C), followed by 25 temperature cycles (+71– -45°C), followed by a repeat of the 24 day humidity exposure, followed by a repeat of the 25 temperature cycles. Damaged coating was observed after the second humidity exposure, and the coating failed after the second series of temperature cycling. Failure occurred between the topcoat (polyurethane per MIL-PRF-85285, Type I) and the coating beneath it, a polyurethane plural coating. Our paint experts think that the parameters of the aging test, specifically the +71°C of the temperature cycling, was too aggressive. They are concerned that it exceeds the glass transition temperature of the coatings. We're trying to determine what the glass transition temperature of each coating is and may run the test again but adjust the temperature exposure accordingly so that it does not exceed the glass transition temperature. Is there something we should be looking at besides glass transition temperature? Is there some other critical property that affects the way the coatings respond to accelerated aging tests? A. E.
Accelerated aging tests of organic coatings is difficult, for the coatings as well as the interpreter. These tests are usually designed by a committee, often resulting in; "if -40°C is a good lower limit, -45°C is better." A coating's physical properties such as its Glass Transition Temperature (T(g)) can play a significant part in test results. The problem is not the T(g) of the polyurethane coatings. Your determination will show it is higher than 71°C (159.8°F). In fact, the continuous service temperature for polyurethane coatings is 121.11°C (250°F). Your problem may be caused by cracking and film delamination at or near the low temperature point, -45°C(-49°F), of the cycle. When I had a real job, we used to run a thermocycling test of -40° C- +100°C (-40°F-+212°F). Cracking failures of coatings usually occurred as the temperature was falling. The fact that the topcoat separated from the primer indicates an inter-coat adhesion problem, since the coefficients of linear expansion for both coating should be the same. I suggest you have your paint experts look into the cause of the adhesion failure.
Related Topics
Zinc Phosphate: Questions and Answers
Specific questions about zinc phosphate and pretreatment are answered in one article...
The Importance of Particle Size in Liquid Coatings
Coating problems and solutions associated with particle size reduction...
Is Your Electroplating Waste Hazardous?
Some that bears precious metals is, and there are a host of regulations to consider when recycling.


text:
Journey to the Center of the Earth is a 2D platformer about exploring giant caves and dying of thirst. Based on the Jules Verne novel, players control three adventurers with unique powers and have to make their way through 18 expansive levels, solve puzzles, avoid traps and find the well hidden secret at the center of the Earth.
Trailer and images
Grab the STEAM Key for FREE here!
Complete 4 actions to receive your key. The time is limited, hurry up.
Compatible with:


text:
Intense and continuous rains brought on by tropical depression TD17F caused flooding in large parts of Fiji.In some places more than 300 mm of rain fell in less than 24 hours since the early hours of 30 March and subsequent flash flooding caught many by surprise. So far three deaths have been reported.
As of 31 March 2012, 49 evacuation centers (of which 31 schools) with in total more than 3700 people, approximately half of which are children, have been operational in Ra (4), Tavua (5), Ba (14), Lautoka (10), Nadi (8) and Sigatoka (8).The situation is considered worse than the recent flooding in January 2012,as more areas are flooded. Deterioration of the situation can be expected as further weather systems accompanied by heavy rains are expected to affect Fiji.
The International Charter Space and Major Disasters was activated by UNOOSA on behalf of the OCHA Sub-regional Office for the Pacific.


text:
Just when you'd think it would be okay for IT administrators to kick back and relax, they've been presented with a new set of worries: the security of their storage-area networks (SANs).
"SAN security now is where Internet security was five or 10 years ago," says Clement Kent, the vice president of product management for Kasten Chase Applied Research, a security firm based in Mississauga, Ontario.
The need for SANs and other storage techniques to perform at a high level is growing exponentially. Customer relationship management, business intelligence, and other procedures produce ever-higher mountains of data. These and other sales and marketing tools demand data be available instantaneously. Compounding the issue are new regulations, such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which make exacting demands on how information is processed and stored.
The storage infrastructure is struggling to keep pace. "SANs originally were a few computers talking to a few servers," says Kevin Brown, the vice president of marketing for Decru, a storage security appliance vendor based in Redwood City, Calif. "It was a relatively isolated and controllable environment. It has turned into giant networks with hundreds of devices, many interconnection points, and dozens of people touching [the data]."
There are several ways to think about SANs and storage. At each level — be it physical or electronic — the usual recommendation is a "defense in depth" strategy. As the name suggests, this approach relies on no single procedure or technology to safeguard the SAN. Instead, various security approaches permeate the storage network. IT managers must also recognize the need to prioritize as a way of maximizing budgets. "One of the things we suggest people do is look at which data is most valuable," Kent says. "You spend different amounts of money based on what you are defending."
The next important element is the physical security of the servers and tape backups. There are documented cases of employees simply sailing off with tapes and servers. "It could be as simple as what happens to data stored on tape," says Scott Gordon, the vice president of marketing for NeoScale, a data storage security firm based in Milpitas, Calif. "Tapes can have as much as half a terabyte [of data]. You can put up firewalls, but then someone walks out of the back end with tape media."
Protecting Data, Both 'In Flight' and 'At Rest'
The general high level of network vulnerability, both physical and electronic, means all data must be encrypted. Thus, even if a tape or a storage server is stolen, the data cannot be read. SAN security differs pointedly from other areas of security because it involves two distinct tasks: protecting data that is being transmitted (called data in flight) and data that is sitting idle (called data at rest).
To further complicate things, the type of encryption necessary for data in flight and data at rest are different. The main requirement of data in flight encryption is that it operates at "wire speed" — the speed at which the data is traveling. Conversely, such high-processing speeds are not as vital for data at rest. The key here is that data at rest will sit for a long time. For this reason, it must be protected in a bulletproof manner. Exceptionally strong encryption algorithms, such as military grade AES 256, are often used.
Ultimately, this complexity calls for a centralized hardware device, which has come to be known as a storage security appliance. NeoScale's Gordon says these appliances centralize security functions. Storage security appliances tend to operate transparently, use standards-based approaches, employ high-level encryption, and secure key management procedures. Decru's Brown agrees that a separate device is necessary: "If you try to do it in software, you're toast," he says. "It can't be fast enough."
Port zoning and logical unit number (LUN) masking are two key SAN management tools. At the highest level, these procedures control access to the stored data. Both relate to limiting the ability of outsiders to "see" and gain access to the entire storage network. Port zoning, according to Gordon, involves creating a physical association between the storage device and a particular physical port. If the device is moved, the zone map must be redrawn. LUN masking controls whether a storage device (e.g., a disk array or tape drive) is visible to a host.
SAN security is moving quickly, as it seeks to keep pace with the exploding amount of available data. The task is steep, however. "Most network security is at the perimeter of the network, such as a firewall, VPN, or intrusion detection system," says Brown. "They are guarding just the fence. However, according to the FBI, 50 percent to 80 percent of [security breaches] happen inside the firewall. The problem with stored data is that there are many, many different ways to reach it."
Feature courtesy of ServerWatch.
Back to Enterprise Storage Forum


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