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By Steve Kastenbaum, CNN
Follow on Twitter: @SKastenbaumCNN
(CNN) - At a time when people needed help right away, some in areas hit hard by Superstorm Sandy were asking, "Where is the Red Cross?"
The nation's largest relief organization was coming under fire as it struggled to deal with the enormity of the disaster and the challenges it posed.
[1:43] "It just took us a little while for us to get into some of those neighborhoods," said Red Cross spokesperson Anne Marie Borrego. "We were dealing with flooding and downed trees and traffic snarls like many other New Yorkers. So it did take us a while I would say to get to some areas. But we have been on the ground since the beginning and are we everywhere we want to be right now? No. But we are everywhere we can be with the resources that we have."
Did the Red Cross do a poor job of managing the response in those first few days, or were expectations set too high for the premier relief organization in the US?
It depends on who you ask. Borrego says in a relief effort this large they can't meet everyone's expectations.
[3:08] "So sometimes we do sort of have to explain what we do... Sometimes there's a little bit of education on our part."
But some Red Cross volunteers think the agency could be more effective if it showed more flexibility in adapting to the changing needs of storm victims over time.
Patrick Thrasher volunteered in the Rockaways section of New York as a leader for his company's Red Cross response team.
[5:42] "So they have hundreds of volunteers wanting to help and they are shunting them into kind of a response mechanism that might have been useful ten days prior but not now."
Thrasher was surprised by some basic management issues that still existed two weeks into the relief effort such as phone numbers of key organizers not being readily available to teams on site. He hopes the Red Cross will embrace the constructive criticism.
Borregao says they welcome it as they look for the gaps in their relief effort and work to do a better job next time.
Editor's Note: Listen to the full story in our player above, and join the conversation in our comments section below.
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The Red Cross doesn't ahve to be there at all. It is completely voluntary, supported by volunteers and donations. To whine and complain that their services are not up to snuff is just ludicrous. Next time you're told that worst storm in a century is about to smash into one of the most densely populated parts of the country (and I'm not just talking about NYC), maybe you'll listen up and take some responsibility for your own well being.
When the "Mother's Day Tornado" of 2008 (?) hit here in Middle Georgia, the Red Cross showed within hours. I had no power and an 800 ton oak was planted firmly through my house. Though it was raining "in" my house, now, because of the gaping hole in my roof, I simply felt Red Cross was there to ensure I was warm, hydrated and had some food. Because I heeded the warning of the storm, I had plenty of food, water and it was summer, so, I was plenty warm. I did not have the perception that the Red Cross was there to "take care of me". That was MY responsibility. I'm the one that needs to be prepared for ANYTHING in the face of a storm or other natural disaster. I respect what Red Cross does and actually donate when I can. I, now, have founded my own non-profit and do not envy the huge task of fundraising that is necessary so they might do their work effectively. All non-profits must adjust as they come to understand their methods of charitable outreach need revision or tailoring to meet the needs of those they help. They did as I expected, even though my home was nearly destroyed. I was happy to see them. I did not feel they were there to find me new housing, feed me or even give me a hug. I'm a tough, rugged American and THAT event was not going to define how I moved on. The Red Cross will make it's adjustments and do a better job. However, when weather centers and local news outlets tell you to stock up or leave, do it. Don't just think, 'It's not gonna be THAT bad. We've had storms before. I'll just ride this out and all we be fine'. That kind of thinking creates situations where people WILL need rescuing, food and shelter...if you live through the disaster.
This happened in New York state, and the red cross in the area is the problem,and because they did a good thing at that point in time doesn't make an excuse for them now.
What, tired of blaming Obama so now it's Red Cross's fault? wtf people
The Red Cross uses these disasters to pay the extremely high salaries of their executives in every place they operate in. During the 911 crisis they were well supplied with money but few people received even a trickle. For myself I wouldn't ever give them a nickel. They sat on the records of what happened to those in Europe transported by the Nazis and only let us relatives in after 60 years to find out. Mine had survived but were no longer living. Isn't that a touch of irony for a rescue organization.
An excuse for what? The Red Cross is there, and they are providing what they can in the areas they can cover. It's up to you as individual citizens to help yourself. New York and surrounding areas had warnings this was coming, time to prepare to hunker down and live primitive for a while or leave the area. Those who stayed and were not prepared to assist themselves have no one to blame but themselves. It really saddens me to see how dependent some are on our government in time of crisis. We American's are in a dangerous place with this many helpless people amongst us.
It seems the red cross is helping people ore than FEMA, where is mr ill cut the red tape.. Obama lied for votes.
The people knew the storm was coming, they should have made better preperations. They should also just be glad that we have any orginizations that try to help instead of me seeing them on the news the next day saying how they are starving. You are grown men and women, there are many contries where you would just be shit out of luck and actually starving if this had happened. So stop expecting everyone to come save you. Im sorry you lost your home, thats why you make sure you have the right insurance. If you didn't, then thats your own fault too. But I am sick and tired of the way the hurrican "victims" are acting. Grow up, and take resposibility for your self. It is no bodys job to take care of you. These people come and help out of the goodness of thier hearts, so do not complain when they do.
If its not a Government agency and it is a free handout for those who need it and this agency relies on donations of course there are going to be times where that help is not enough. So now you are going to complain about not getting a handout? Please. Ask the Government for that. That is what your hard earned wages that went to tax is for.
The Red Cross is NOT a goverment agency. It can only do what it can depending on VOLUNTEERS and donations. The Salvation Army does a remarkable job too, given that they're not a government agency and are reliant on donations. I am so very sorry for people in this disaster but people need to quit whining about charities who do not or cannot come to their rescue. Hold accountable those government agencies and utilities who are PAID to be responsible to the public! When no help comes and you need a helping hand I guess sometimes the only place you can find one is at the end of your own arm.
Please be careful when attacking the Red Cross it is a secular organization that serves all Americans. Religious groups like Salvation Army compete for donations, and the Army is strictly biasa against who it serves,and there are FOR PROFIT business folks who want your donations.
Team Rubicon is the way to go. They are not afraid of floods or downed trees or anything like that. They are former veterans who have seen much worse, and they wade in full force to get the job DONE.
Unlike organizations like the Red Cross, Team Rubicon does not deal with long-term recovery. They play a *very* valuable short-term role...but it's not the only role that needs to be played. During Sandy and because of their size, they focused their efforts in the Rockaways, and I'm sure the folks there were very grateful. Kudos to them.
At the same time, far too many people complain and criticize when *they* are not first on the relief list, never stopping to think ahout the bigger picture.
Indeed, some volunteers also criticize because they have a really limited viewpoint, and don't always realize it. During Katrina, a Red Cross volunteer from my midwestern community was actually sent home because she was angry that, while they were still feeding hundreds of people at every meal where she was, someone who had come from a small nearby town mentioned that the other town had no Red Cross meals assistance there, so she wanted the Red Cross to pack up and move to the other town *immediately* because "Grocery stores are opening back up here, so people can buy and cook their own food at home now." Apparently she didn't grasp that the people being fed by her group lived in homes that were still under 9' of water!!
It also turns out that a local church had opened a soup kitchen/shelter in that other town, and *that* was where the residents were being fed/sheltered. They actually didn't need a Red Cross food truck there. But she, as a volunteer, didn't just want the Red Cross to check on the needs of the other town, which would have been reasonable...but to literally pack up shop and move there immedoately and was angry when they didn't! (The stress obviously got to her.)
This is the third time I have seen articles questioning the Red Cross on mismanagement, 9-11 and the New Orleans (?) hurricane. THIS is why I give to the Salvation Army – along with what my Dad said about the Red Cross during the War.
The Red Cross only "served" the soldiers in the Officer Quarters, but the Salvation Army came to those who fought on the front line.
That old "the Red Cross onlt served people in the Officers' Quarters" nonsense again. The Red Cross was most certainly serving the regular troops. However, the other Allied forces regular troops were having to pay for their donuts, etc. and there was some envy going on, so the US War Department asked the Red Cross to start charing, too.
I refuse to donate to the Salvation Army because my professional experiences with them have been very negative. I got sick and tired of Captains who couldn't stand homeless people because they believed that *no one* was ever homeless against their will.
And keep in mind that the Red Cross also works with long-term recovery, not just short-term...so they should NOT spend all their money at once. Many people don't understand that.
The American Red Cross should be investigated for its shelter management capabilities with regard to safety and health issues. As a previous Red Cross Disaster worker who was working with another organization in Garden City recently, I witnessed an organization in need of retraining in shelter operations, mass care, safety, cultural sensitivity, and political correctness. The shelter manager lacked the skills and often dealt inappropriately in effectively managing the increasing number of shelter residents and government organizations involved with the shelter recovery efforts. A lack of top-down communication poor professionalism trickled down to other paid and volunteer staff within the shelter, creating a negative image of the American Red Cross for shelter residents and other workers. Political bias, personal cultural and situational opinions should not be displayed when involved in disaster relief or positions of leadership. Unfortunately, this hampers relief and recovery efforts and adds additional stress to an already stressful situation.
So, based on one shelter manager, you're finding fault with the entire organization? Don't you think it would make more sense to report the shelter manager to the Red Cross, rather than run down the Red Cross organization for the poor performance of one person???
I read that right after the storm hit the Canadian Red Cross offered help and the American Red Cross declined the offer.
Nope. Not true.
I HATE the Red Cross and here is why.
In Sept 1965 after hurricane BETSY, as a native of New Orleans, I was a navigator for a Red Cross van with three bigwigs from out of town. I wasn't allowed to drive the van, just guide them like a living TomTom. They didn't accomplish anything except go on a three day sight seeing tour, ask me for a list of good restaurants and act as if they were on vacation. After years as a volunteer, this was the beginning of my disgust with the RED CROSS.
In Aug 1969 I was in Biloxi MS when Hurricane Camille made landfall in Pass Christian MS, as a Category 5 hurricane. In Biloxi, at the Lighthouse, everything from the beach to the railroad tracks (8 city blocks) was flattened. I watched a RED CROSS WORKER require a couple with a hungry screaming baby to fill out paperwork before giving them milk. Also because of my position as a Air Force MARS radio operator, I heard the top RED CROSS COORDINATORS decide to wait days at the closed civilian airport and refuse to have supplies land at Keesler Air Force Base because they didn't want "the military to get credit for their supplies."
In 1972 I was in South East Asia. My wife contacted the RED CROSS to notify me that my son was born and they both were in good health. This was the ONLY way for fast important personal inbound messages to be delivered. The RED CROSS notified me AFTER a letter from my wife arrived wanting to know why I hadn't used the MARS facility to call her. There was no civilian inbound telephone, telegraph, etc. and MARS was only outbound.
Later in 1972, again in South East Asia, a SGT in my squadron received a back-channel message that his father died. As an only child he should have been allowed to go home immediately. The RED CROSS was requested to validate the emergency so that he could be with his mother for the funeral. They took 2 weeks and he missed the funeral. He wanted to KILL somebody. After he left, he was able to stay with his mother.
In the last 20 years, the RED CROSS has been caught several times collecting money for a specific disaster and squiring it away instead of distributing those dedicated gifts as they should have been.
Below is the CANADIAN tainted blood scandal caused by the RED CROSS.
The (Canadian) Inquiry finished in December 1996. In July 1997, the Health Minister Allan Rock announced the Red Cross would not have a role in a new Canadian blood agency. After more than 50 years of running the country's blood system, the Red Cross would be reduced to recruiting blood donors.
Charges were eventually laid against the Red Cross. The charges laid on Nov. 20, 2002, followed a five-year investigation by the RCMP. On May 30, 2005, the Red Cross pleaded guilty to a lesser charge — violating the Food and Drug Regulation Act by distributing an adulterated or contaminated drug. The agency was fined $5,000 — the maximum penalty for the offence under the act.
60 years ago a FRIEND TOLD ME HOW THE RED CROSS SHOWED UP IN LOUISIANA THREE weeks after a huricane.The salvation army was there in two days .He said after every thing was over he cam to birmingham an thry were still collecting money.He hated those crooks.My fater in law now age 91 hates the red cross because in wourld war to in the phillipians he had to pay the red cross 5 cents for a pencil and paper to write home.I gave them 20 pints of blood til one day i saw them pouring blood down the sink,while i was give it in birmingham,al. A employee Who was married to a relitive told me she lost mher job there because they promotes there relitives,Anmost make over $100,000 a year.
60 year old hearsay about the Red Cross response over an entire state...and you still believe your friend knew what he was talking about??? And you still pass it on??? Good grief. You should have developed some common sense by now.
Oh...and your dad? He should have reserved his anger for the US War Department...because *they* were who told the Red Cross they had to charge for things because the other Allied troops were getting upset about the free stuff that US troops were getting and their own war-torn countries culdn't afford.
I have volunteered with the Red Cross, going to Mississippi after Katrina, and have also been the beneficiary of assistance from the Red Cross when my house burned to the ground. I would and will volunteer again and they can have my support any way they need it.
Look for cameras and you will find the Red Cross. While do some good, it is not in proportion to Church or Volunteer Fire / Rescue squads. But they are not shy about self-promotion and always asking for more money.
So, if the Red Cross is not visable, how are they going to fundraise money? Welcome to the land of non-profits, where they are ALL CONSTANTLY PROMOTING THEMSELVES. It is not a federally funded program. They need to raise money to deliver services to people.
When your house burns down someday (heaven forbid) and the fire department puts it out and packs up and goes home and you are left standing on the street curb, you will be very happy to have the Red Cross drive up and offer you something simple like a blanket or a hotel voucher so you can sleep for the next few days.
Emily, have you ever gotten a blanket from the RED CROSS?
As an accountant I know what it means for the RED CROSS to be a non-profit.
They don't sell stock, and have no owners but the upper management is over-paid.
The president of the American Red Cross makes more than the president of these United States.
They have one of the WORST percentages of COSTS to donations ratios of any of the large non-profits.
What they have is history and a bloated bureaucracy.
And they have innocent people like you that haven't suffered from their abuses.
Ask ex-military servicemen for their opinions.
92% of donations to the Red Cross go to help. (89% of donations to the Salvation Army goes to help.) 92% is actually very good. Your being an accountant means nothing.
The problem is large amounts of donated money goes straight into the pockets of friends and family of Red Cross employees, yeah a few of them got caught after Katrina, but it's been years since then... they've had plenty of time to learn how to hide it better. Donate to Red Cross if all you care about is a tax deduction. If you want to actually help people, there are better ways to do it...
People make up stories like this all the time. You should be ashamed of passing them on.
What about FEMA obama said he will cut the red tape, oh that was before the election,, sorry you have been forgotten..lol
And FEMA can do it any better? im never been the biggest fan of Red Cross, when things "happen" i donate to local charities that are on the ground, your money is better spent that way... But i can say the red cross does a far better job them FEMA. Why compare the too? they both get government money, FEMA more so. So you would think FEMA would be able to do its damn job right?
Actually, the Red Cross does not get any government money. All our money is 100% donations, which is why it's a bit difficult sometimes in our responses because we have limited funds and resources. We have the same struggles as most non-profits in that aspect, just on a larger scale. FEMA is government, Red Cross is not, although we do have a Congressional mandate, but that doesn't mean we get federal money.
limited funds...you've GOT to be kidding!!! They raise MILLIONS every time there's a disaster, they get every major actor, tv show, news organization, sports team etc to advertise never mind the telethons. Then we find out the Red Cross spent almost $200,000.000 on hotels for its volunteers. I was a volunteer in the Rockaways with a different organization. The group of veterans I was with were sleeping in an unheated warehouse on cots and in sleeping bags, eating one hot meal a day. My grandparents were telling me today that they were so glad I found a new non-profit to volunteer with because they won't donate to the Red Cross anymore because of the corruption. My family/friends will be donating to Team Rubicon from this point forward.
I sure wish Americans would learn to put things in context. And realize that whatever experiences they have are unique to them, not some sort of standard by which everything should be judged. But noooooo.
The Red Cross should honor gay men who desire to donate blood and etc. It is straight wrong to judge one on their sex at any cost. When will we get our act together as a society for all.
Its not the Red Cross that's the problem, its outdated federal law. When AIDS became an issue and was primarly thought to have come from homosexual men it was made illegal to take blood donations from them. The Red Cross is trying to get this changed but it takes time and money.
Ugh, no. You are so wrong. The FDA, Blood Centers of the Pacific, etc. have all signed a joint resolution condeming the FDA's decision for banning gay men from donating. However, the Red Cross MUST follow federal law and legally cannot collect blood from gay men.
Sorry, I meant the Red Cross*, Blood Centers of the Pacific...
Don't get caught up in the side issues, like blood and homosexuals (gay means happy).
Hotels, meals, transportation, GIFTS: clothes, jackets, hats, civilian radios, folding knives.
None of that was used to help people because it all went HOME with the out of state people.
They live HIGH ON THE HOG and I know because I've seen it.
I've been the free volunteer with the wet shoes and the 16 hour days and they will never use me again.
You are very naïve to plead the Politically Correct side issues.
Stick with the really BIG facts.
Maybe we need to have a local response team instead of depending on outsiders..Mayors of these city's need to step up especially!
That's why every neighborhood should have a community emergency response team (CERT). If you really are concerned about the lack of immediate response in a disaster, look for your closest team and volunteer. We should all be prepared to take care of ourselves and our families for at least 3-5 days with no outside help. Educate yourselves and join a CERT team for training.
If you saw a RedCross truck, or had volunteers at a shelter or roadside near you, be thankful to every volunteer that braved the storm / fire / natural disaster that you suffered. These people go into harm's way to reach out to others, but sadly, it is never enough. Restoring and building back up after a disaster is painstaking and arduous work, that takes time, (even if the destruction only took seconds) so do what you can for yourselves, and be patient that as help is available, it may soon come your way. Of course, the enormity of damage may make that wait unbearable ... be STRONG!
I have been a volunteer and paid staff for the Red Cross for over 12 years and these types of articles always rankle me. Yes, Red Cross is not perfect, despite their years of doing disaster relief. Yes, they misuse funds at times but every penny donated TO a specific disaster is USED in that disaster response, must be accounted for and shown where and how used.
As for their disaster responses – please folks, imagine 100s of strangers coming together in a strange locale where even the local authorities cannot tell them the hardest hit areas or which roads are open to get to them. These volunteers come together, often times before there is reliable phone communications and their desks and chairs have arrived, to pull together the response to meet the BASIC needs (shelter, food, medical and emotional care) for those affected as soon as possible. Although they try their best to pre-stage, Red Cross cannot wave a magic wand and have all their resources in place and efficient operations the day after a disaster but that doesn't stop the volunteers first on the ground from trying their hardest to do with what they have while waiting for their material and food supplies arrive.
No matter what part of the country you live in, whatever disasters may strike there, PSA's always tell folks to prepare for at least 72 HOURS (that's 3 days) before help will arrive. That's in a perfect world. Reality being higher population density, stronger storms, people should prepare to take care of themselves for 6-7 DAYS before expecting the government or ANY relief agency or church to be there to help. People are warned to fill up their gas tanks ahead of the storm. Yet, 24 hours after the storm people are in long lines at gas stations and BITCHING. Really??????
Not that it is related to anything but where are all those foreign countries helping us after that hurricane on the east coast. I know its not that bad and we can handle it. but we always help foreign countries after a disaster.
Well hundreds of Hydro workers from Ontario, Canada went down to help restore power after the storm hit. The thing about aid is, while it is offered to the country that has been affected, the government running said country has to accept it. Canadians are willing to help and have helped in the past. All the US needs to do is accept whats offered and ask for what they need.
There are teams of volunteers from Canada and Mexico in the area.
Now what about being more patient towards humans who are against such? They have to learn kids how to react towrds these disasters. Also we parents must learn how to take actions wethter its a flood or if there is room for learning taking responsibility and save kids not only thinking about theirselves.
Having worked for 6 months at a Red Cross chapter as an office manager - I can absolutely VERIFY that funds are horribly misused and misdirected. About 30% of donations actually are used for disaster – the rest pays salaries of the higher ups, pays for lavish trips for "meetings", and other nonsense. That was why I quit. I tried to help a single mother and son burned out of their home by providing them some clothing and a $25 WalMart voucher and was "chastised" for wasting money. I resigned, and refuse to give one red cent to Red Cross. Salvation Amy uses 100% of their donations for recipients - so I give freely to them.
Steve Kastenbaum here, the reporter who put this story together. Actually, the Red Cross gets high marks for being transparent and using a high percentage of donations for actual work. Salaries and other administrative costs do not take up of the money. See here: http://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm?bay=search.summary&orgid=3277
In 2009 we lost our home to a wildfire. The local community made donations in the millions to the Red Cross to aid the survivors of this natural disaster. The treatment our family received from the red cross was despicable. I had to spend a huge amount of energy fighting their administration to receive help from the funds that were given for explicitly that purpose. I was constantly faced with an attitude that we the victims of the disaster were trying to scam them! Talk insult to injury!! i filed complaints with their central office in D.C. and had to work with an independent ombudsman to get them to fulfill their own mission statement. All this while suffering from PTS!!! It was a nightmare.
Lesson learned..DO NOT CONTRIBUTE FUNDS TO THE RED CROSS FOR DIASTER RELIEF!!! IT WILL NOT BE USED IN THE SPIRIT IN WHICH YOU INTENDED.
The Salvation Army most certainly does *NOT* use all their donations on recipients. Where on earth did you get *that* idea??? They spend less on recipients than the Red Cross!!
Personally, I won't donate a penny to *them* because my professional experience with several Captains has been that they can't stand most of those "recipients".
what can we expect from a government funded non-profit?
If you saw some of the lavish trips and fancy hotel rooms the higher ups in the Red Cross utilized with "donations", you wouldn't call them "non-profit". If it weren't for HONEST volunteers – nobody would get an ounce of help from the Red Cross.
You don't have a clue what "non-profit" means, do you?
In regard to government funding, the National Red Cross was "chartered" by the government, yet does not receive its operating budget from the government. The funding sources are:
– Charitable donations from the American public
– Participation in the United Way and Combined Federal Campaigns
– Reimbursements and grants from local, state and federal government agencies for specific projects
Not surprized by this headline – my house was flooded with 15ft of water in GA several years back. When Red Cross came out to do a "head count" and make sure the folks in my hard hit neighborhood where all present and accounted the volunteer admitted they were not prepared (but we had warring of rough weather) and gave me an apple and packet of crackers. That was all she had in her vehicle, from a prior emergency. She told me that providing shelter was not possible, not something Red Cross did, but they could get me a blanket or bedding once I found a place to stay. No mention of clothing either.... Their second vist a few days later, was even less helpful. It was unfortunate as I grew up thinking the Red Cross was there to help in tough times. Not just shrugg shoulders and move to next spot.


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This post was written by Stephen Goldsmith and originally appeared on the Data-Smart Cities Solutions website on June 11, 2013. Stephen Goldsmith is the Daniel Paul Professor of the Practice of Government and the Director of the Innovations in Government Program at the Harvard Kennedy School. He is a former mayor of Indianapolis and Deputy Mayor of New York City.
Ask a resident of the city of Boston what they like least about the city, and there's a decent shot that they'll mention traffic.
Boston's notorious congestion stems from a "perfect storm" of several factors: high population density coupled with tightly packed suburbs, few methods of egress from the city proper, a difficult-to-navigate non-grid street layout, and a multitude of one-way and non-perpendicular streets. Taken together, it's no wonder why Boston consistently clocks in near the top in rankings of worst cities to drive in, and why Bostonians sit in traffic, on average, for 53 hours each year.
The problem is well-known, and solutions are routinely proposed. Most famously, the city dug up a giant swath of downtown real estate in the 1990s—entirely rerouting the city's chief highway—in an effort to make driving a little more bearable.
More recently, Boston Mayor Thomas Menino has been examining the issue through a different lens. His new approach hinges not on any major construction project, but on analyzing and applying public data to boost efficiency in traffic flow and fix physical road problems before they cause crashes or necessitate street closures.
"We don't do a good job of moving traffic," Menino said in 2012 in his announcement of several such initiatives. "We've got to modernize."
Backing up that promise, in March of 2013 the city announced a partnership with IBM for a pilot initiative focused on making the city run—and drive—better across the board. The partnership will entail the creation of a central software hub that, using disparate data sets from the city's major agencies, will help administrators monitor citywide operations, anticipate problems that could disrupt transportation flow, and coordinate deployment of cross-agency resources to help the city function even when its infrastructure is overtaxed by major events like a Red Sox-Yankees home game.
Beyond this program, data is also being used to tackle street repairs, which if left alone can lead to dangerous driving conditions, car accidents, and road closures. The city is currently rolling out tracking tools and an asset management system to help maintain its more than 60,000 street lights—three percent of which are in need of replacement or rewiring at any given time. Additionally, Boston is crowdsourcing massive amounts of information from its citizens through programs like Street Bump, a project of the Mayor's Office of New Urban Mechanics that allows drivers to transmit road quality data back to the city; or Citizens Connect, which allows users to share information about accidents, downed signs, and other issues requiring cleanup or repair.
For far more cities than just Boston, street congestion—and the air pollution, noise, and headaches that come with it—is a central concern. Even barring the psychological toll of a taxing commute, the cost of traffic is immense, amounting in the U.S. to roughly $100 billion every year in wasted fuel, excess carbon emissions, and lost productivity.
Luckily, because transportation of people and goods is so fundamental to city life and because the traffic problem is so ubiquitous, many governments are looking for solutions, many of which hinge on how data can drive efficiencies in transportation infrastructure.
While many urban centers are incorporating data into certain aspects of that infrastructure, though, the ultimate goal is one that cities such as Los Angeles and even entire states like New Jersey are pursuing, often working in tandem with companies like Xerox or Inrix.
By combining various sets of public data—mass transit statistics, GPS and mobile information, toll routes, traffic sensors, weather data, and more—into a central hub, these cities will be able to paint constantly evolving pictures of what a region's transportation landscape looks like at any given time. With this information in tow, administrators will be equipped to create dynamic pricing schedules for toll lanes based on real-time traffic, develop more intelligent stoplights, create apps that automatically guide drivers toward alternate routes when accidents are detected, and much more.
Of course, when it gets really bad out there, those systems might also give you another option as well: When to just take your bike.


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Always worth reading is Intersect Alert, the one published by the SLA San Francisco Bay Region Chapter (and not to be confused with Chuck Bartowski's Intersect).
This item about a new California Office of Legislative Counsel white paper is from the most recent issue:
Authentication of Primary Legal Materials and Pricing Options
"The recent passage of the Uniform Electronic Legal Material Act (UELMA) has brought to the forefront the issue of costs of authenticating primary legal materials in electronic format. This white paper briefly reviews five methods of electronic authentication. These methods are based on trustworthiness, file types, effort to implement, and volume of electronic documents to be authenticated. Six sample solutions are described and their relative costs are compared. The white paper also frames the legal landscape and background of authentication for primary legal materials in electronic format, and provides context and points to applicable resources. The aim of this collective effort is to promote the understanding of costs related to authentication and invite further discussion on the issue."


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ATV arrives at Europe's Spaceport - story in pictures
After a transatlantic crossing by sea, Jules Verne, the first Automated Transfer Vehicle for the International Space Station, arrived at Europe's Spaceport in Kourou, French Guiana, yesterday morning.
Nearly two weeks after leaving Rotterdam harbour, the French cargo ship MN Toucan, carrying around 400 tonnes of spacecraft and equipment for the Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV), sailed into Pariacabo harbour on Monday afternoon.
Operations to unload the International Space Station (ISS) re-supply cargo spacecraft started later the same day. The final section of the ATV spacecraft was disembarked on Tuesday morning and driven by truck to the S5 building at Europe's Spaceport.


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Some things you just never forget, for example a thirty minute walk to a recycle shop that I had done many, many times before in my past life.
I'm a sucker for a junk shop when the stuff here is actually pretty cool, unlike the same back home. Today I went to one of my favourites in Kawasaki. I thankfully wasn't too tempted to buy anything, but as always there were quite a few interesting bits and pieces.
I think being in Japan I might actually lose the ten kilos I gained from being back in a typical Italian household. My feet ached way too soon, and the humidity was just enough to make me feel a little uncomfortable and sticky.
After a nice two hour browse and walk I was back in Lazona tired and hungry. A doughnut and a meat patty burger fixed that.
On the other side of Lazona, in the More's building, is another Off store, and to my surprise they have expanded selling much the same stuff as the place I just came back from! I saw some interesting Mickey watches that I kind of regret not getting. They had the same Danboard I just bought yesterday, a few hundred yen cheaper *sad face*
Lazona has probably one of the best, reasonably priced supermarket, Sanwa. Along with some alcohol and stuff to make Mexican, we picked up some discounted Haagen Daaz limited-flavoured icecream - banana milk, custard and Sicilian lemon pie. Should be interesting.
Outside the apartment the neighbours have left out a lot of cardboard. Very handy for me. I found a box big enough to send a, um, lightsaber back home. Happy days!
Tuesday, 15 September 2015
Kawasaki Recycled
Some things you just never forget, for example a thirty minute walk to a recycle shop that I had done many, many times before in my past life.
Posted by Jimmy In Japan at 7:45 pm


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Pittsburgh holds off Connecticut 69-61
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PITTSBURGH (AP) -- Lamar Patterson scored 14 points, Tray Woodall added 13 points and six assists and Pittsburgh withstood a late Connecticut rally to pull out a 69-61 win on Saturday.
James Robinson chipped in 12 points for the Panthers (15-4, 3-3 Big East), who recovered after blowing a 14-point lead in the second half.
UConn tied the game twice in the final 5 minutes but couldn't quite get over the top. Ryan Boatright led the Huskies (12-5, 2-3) with 20 points and Omar Calhoun added 14 but couldn't stop UConn from dropping its second straight.
Each time the Huskies pulled even, Pitt would respond. Woodall knocked down a 3-pointer after the Huskies knotted it at 55 and Robinson followed moments later with a 3-pointer of his own to break a 58-all tie.
UConn never got closer than two the rest of the way. Pitt center Dante Taylor hit both ends of a critical one-and-one, then followed with a 10-foot jumper that put the Panthers up 65-59 with a minute to go.
Boatright sank two free throws to get the Huskies within four, but UConn ran out of gas while Pitt settled down. The Panthers made 12 of 15 free throws (80 percent) in the second half.
The final regular-season meeting of two of the Big East's winningest programs hardly resembled the gritty tug-of-wars that typically happen when Pitt and UConn meet. The two schools, who have combined for 12 regular-season or conference tournament titles over the last dozen years, are struggling to find a place in the middle of the Big East pack.
Pitt picked up a crucial road win at Villanova on Wednesday, closing the game with a 15-0 burst. Yet the Panthers came in 0-2 in conference games at the Petersen Events Center, typically one of the toughest places to play in the country.
The Huskies are still finding their way under first-year coach Kevin Ollie. They led No. 1 Louisville by six at the half last Monday, only to collapse in the final 20 minutes of a 15-point loss. Five days later, UConn still couldn't shake out of its funk. Pitt dominated for long stretches in the first half despite having Woodall dealing with foul trouble.
The Panthers led by just three when Woodall went to the bench after just six minutes. They led by four when he returned with 8:27 to go in the half and Pitt was off to the races. The Panthers went on a 16-7 run to take a 35-22 lead at the break.
Pitt's advantage ballooned to 47-33 before UConn got going behind Boatright and Calhoun. The Panthers couldn't seem to find anyone to stay in front of Boatright as he attacked the rim, and when the Panthers collapsed, Boatright kicked it out to Calhoun for a 3.
UConn got all the way back on a steal and dunk by Niels Giffey, who crashed onto his back after letting go of the rim. Moments later, Woodall was in the corner knocking down a wide-open 3-pointer while Ollie shouted "Nooo!" as the ball left Woodall's hand.
Boatright followed with a difficult layup and drew the foul. He made the free throw to knot things up again, but Robinson calmly hit a 3-pointer from almost the same spot that Woodall did and the Panthers survived.
Follow Will Graves at www.twitter.com/WillGravesAP


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Photo Credit: Andie MacDowell's picture is courtesy of NNDB. Photographic illustrations of Andie MacDowell are copyright © by their respective holders. The images are published with permission or as allowed by the copyright law's fair use or quotation provisions. If any copyright holder objects to an image being included, please notify us and it will be removed immediately.
Disclaimer: This information about Andie MacDowell is derived from astrological interpretation of Andie MacDowell's date, time, and place of birth.


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Friday 25 January
|Oryctolagus (1)
One of our best-known wild mammals, the mammals (Oryctolagus cuniculus) was introduced to Great Britain during the Twelfth century AD by the Normans (3). Its hopping gait (2), long mobile ears and short 'bob-tail' have endeared this species to children and adults alike, and domesticated rabbits are popular pets (3). The coat is normally greyish-brown, but can range from sandy yellow to totally black. The belly and underside of the tail are white (3). Rabbits are smaller than hares, and have comparatively shorter legs (3). Males (bucks) and females (does) are similar in appearance, but bucks tend to weigh more and have slightly broader heads (3).
Rabbits tend to be active during the evening and night, but in areas where they are undisturbed by humans they become more active during the day (5). They feed on a wide range of vegetation, including grasses, tree bark, crops, and herbs (5). They live in groups numbering between a single pair and up to 30 individuals, inside burrow systems known as 'warrens' (4). Burrowing is carried out solely by females (3). Within a warren, two distinct hierarchies operate, one amongst bucks, the other amongst does; an individual's status is set during play-fighting as a young mammals (3). Fighting may occur between two males over a receptive doe (3). Scent marking known as 'chinning', because the scent glands are located underneath the chin, is exhibited by both sexes but is more frequent in males than females. This behaviour reinforces the social ranking of an individual (3).
Sexual maturity is reached at 3.5 months in does and four months of age in bucks, and breeding tends to occur between January and August. Courtship involves males chasing females, and spraying them with urine (3). Mating is a brief affair, lasting just a few seconds, but is repeated frequently while the female is receptive. Gestation takes about 30 days, and one litter is usually produced each month, each litter consisting of two to seven blind, helpless and naked young (kittens), which are born in a nest lined with fur from the mother's belly (3).
Foxes, mink, stoats, polecats, and wildcats prey upon all ages of mammals; badgers, weasels, buzzards and domestic cats prey on juveniles (5). Rabbits are very alert mammals, with a keen sense of smell. When feeding, they periodically rear up on their back legs to look for danger; they warn other rabbits of danger by thumping their back legs on the ground and raising the white tail, signals that cause other rabbits to bolt back to the safety of the warren (3).
Rabbits originate from southwest Europe and north-west Africa, but they have been introduced to many countries including South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and North and South America, for a range of reasons, not least the need for a ready supply of meat (3). Rabbits are at present widespread and common throughout Britain and Ireland (5).
A highly adaptable species, rabbits tend to prefer areas where the soil is loose and free draining, with cover such as scrub or rocks. Favoured habitats include small fields of arable or pasture with hedgerows, as well as sand dunes. They tend to avoid coniferous woodlands, damp areas, and very rarely occur above the tree line (3).
The rabbit is classified as Near Threatened (NT) on the IUCN Red List (1).
In 1953 the Myxoma virus killed a massive 99% of the British mammals population (5). A level of resistance is now apparent (4), and although the virus is still present in the population, the mortality caused has fallen substantially (5). Rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) was first identified in British rabbits in 1994, and the combined effect of myxomatosis (the disease caused by the Myxoma virus) and RHD is as yet unknown (5). Rabbits are serious agricultural pests and their populations are controlled by shooting, trapping and exclusion in many areas. They can pose serious threats to sensitive habitats, yet conversely, rabbit grazing is essential for the maintenance of other threatened habitats such as calcareous grasslands (5).
Rabbits are not legally protected in Great Britain (4). Following the crash in mammals numbers caused by myxomatosis, many species dependent on rabbit grazing for the maintenance of their habitats, such as the large blue butterfly (Maculinea arion) suffered greatly (4).
For more information on the rabbit:
For more on the conservation of Britain's mammals:
This information is awaiting authentication by a species expert, and will be updated as soon as possible. If you are able to help please contact:
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© Terry Whittaker / Auscape International
Vere Kenny
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Tel: (+61) 2 4885 2245
Fax: (+61) 2 4885 2715
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Friday 25 January
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Monday 24 September


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Avoid Injuries. Get Your Physical.
Get Sports Ready, Quickly
Many school districts now require a physical evaluation for children to play, though regulations vary by state. If you haven't already, it's also a good idea to check with school administrators about specific eligibility requirements. NextCare Urgent Care have certified medical professionals available for the necessary physical evaluations. At the very least, most teams will require that you sign a waiver, and you may even need to provide immunization records, along with a recent medical evaluation. In addition, be prepared to provide the following medical information about your child:
- Relevant health and medical history
- Dietary restrictions and food allergies
- List of current medications
- Allergies to medicines
- Date of last tetanus inoculation
- Primary medical provider's name and contact information


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Home > Health & Beauty > Nail Tools > 20Pcs Pop Lovely Cute Bowknot Candy Polka Dots Nail Art Accessories Cellphone Decoration
Product Details
Wear these Nail Art Accessories on your finger or toe nail, and make a statement of your own individuality. These Nail Art Accessorie are just the same as those worn by Hollywood stars. These Nail Art Accessories boast of an easy use and removing.
- Glitter nail decoration beads to apply on natural or artificial nails
- Cute bowknot with polka dots, lovely and trendy
- Smooth back in a moderate curve, easy to glue on any surface
- Make you nails look much more glamorous and stunning
- Perfect decoration to cell phones, books, media players and other items
- Suitable for nail art decoration with nail polish, UV builder gel, etc
- Easy DIY your beautiful nail
- Dimension: Approx. 14 x 8mm( L x W)
- Material: Acrylic
Package Includes:
- One Pack of Nail Art Decoration( 20Pcs)
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Lady Gaga Explains Why Black is Her Favorite Color
Darlings, if there's one thing Beauty Blogger isn't afraid of (at least sartorially speaking), it's the dark. As a native New Yorker, the color I wear most often is black. Perhaps, in fact, to the point of excess: A few years ago, a well-meaning friend had to stage a style intervention; these days, my wardrobe is peppered with navy, gray, and the odd floral piece. Now, one person who I knew would understand my obsession was Lady Gaga, whom I sat down with during fashion week. "That's what we do in New York," she agrees. "We wear black T-shirts, black jeans, and we put on black sunglasses. You can be yourself and be creative in the color. And you can't see any of your imperfections—not that there's anything wrong with being imperfect."
It's no surprise, then, that Gaga's latest launch is the world's first black fragrance. The scent—a juicy mix of apricots and the poisonous plant belladonna (how very Gaga!)—is black in the bottle but turns clear upon spraying. "With fragrances, they say if you put on just a little bit and it lasts all day, it's a very good fragrance," explains Gaga. "But that's not what I wanted. You'll want to wash yourself in this fragrance. It's succulent."
Similarly delicious? The season's windfall of other inky-hued products, from Givenchy's color-adjusting lipstick (which alters to a different berry color on everyone) to Deborah Lippmann's sparkly Cleopatra in New York polish. It looks like a long, dark winter is ahead—and this New Yorker can't wait.


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Gotcha! Sorry, couldn't help it. When Deborah titled her blog 'The Perfect Ass' the other day, our hits skyrocketed. Just goes to show where our minds are. That perfect ass could have been construed as the perfect ass as in that dude was a perfect ass! i.e. jerkwad. Or the perfect ass could have been describing a man's hot muscular glutes w/pictorial. Or less exciting for us women, talking about a woman's booty.
As it was, Deborah was talking about no longer pursuing The Perfect Ass, hers specifically. Here's the link to get the down lo on her ass. http://www.murdershewrites.com/2013/07/29/perfection/
I'm not going to talk about BDSM, what I am going to do is shamelessly promote THE DARE, my inaugural head-first jump into the self-published arena. THE DARE is the first of four novellas in The Chronicles of Katrina. Although THE DARE opens with a sexy a trois, it is a love story between two people. It's sexy, funny, adventurous and yes, poignant. Okay, so there is some B and D of that previously mentioned BDSM, and for those of you who have read my work, you know that I write steamy, and in some of my work, the pages are smoking as you turn them. I've said it before and I'll say it again, I love writing mad passionate love stories. And for this writer, the more mad, the more passionate the more better. ~.~
Here's a snippet of a few reviews:
C Tierney@Amazon "While the sex scenes sizzle, the poignant plot twists are what makes this book a keeper. In that regard, not at all typical of erotica, but speaks to the sensuality each of us hopes to find in ourselves and in a lover. Happily recommended."
R Esposito@Amazon "As always, Karin leaves her readers begging for more! She has really outdone herself here. THE DARE, her first book in The Chronicles of Katrina, from the first page it will make your pulse pound and leave you breathless."
In The Chronicles of Katrina our protagonists, Katrina and Simon, are mad about each other. Even though they get off to a bit of an unusual start:
Green Eyes watched her approach with an appreciative smile. It took every bit of guts she had to saunter with confidence across that bar, knowing Evan's eyes were on her ass, and every other man's on her tits. Well, almost all of them. Those green eyes were locked on her mouth. She stumbled at the edge of the bar where the carpet ended and the hardwood floor began. She caught the back of a barstool before she took a header into the bar top.
His strong warm hands righted her. "Are you falling for me already?" he teased.
Barely able to breathe, Katy rubbed her nervous hands down the front of her black skirt. "Y-es, as a matter of fact I am."
He looked past her to Evan, his eyes narrowing to slits. "Is that the 'I'm-with-someone,' someone?"
"Yes, and he and I, well—" Her nipples tightened as his gaze returned to her lips. He smelled really good. And he was hot, not hot as in good-looking hot, even though he was; he was hot body temperature. Heat radiated from him. "We're going upstairs to party, and wanted to know if you'd like to join us." She rushed the words so quickly even she didn't understand what she'd just said.
His full lips tightened. But he understood perfectly. "Ditch that dude and we'll have our own party."
She glanced over her shoulder to Evan, who was watching with interest, and turned back to Green Eyes. "He's my boyfriend. That would be cheating on him."
"He'd deserve it for putting you up to this."
"He—he didn't," she stammered. "It was my idea." Straightening, she was almost eye to eye with him and she was wearing five-inch Christian Louboutins. "Now, are you in or out?" Dear Lord where did that demanding woman come from? She didn't go there with herself because if she did, she'd talk herself right out of this. So she blamed the wine that she'd thank in the morning.
He leaned toward her and whispered against her ear, "I'm in and out, fast and furious, down and deep."
"Oh my," she breathed, pressing her hand to her thumping heart.
When she didn't move, he took her by the hand and strode with her stumbling behind him toward Evan.
THE DARE is contemporary erotic fiction with the signature Tabke hot cop. ~.~
I dare you…
Dr. Katrina Winslow has always known who she is; an elite scientist, a certifiable genius and ultra-reserved when it comes to love and relationships. So when a simple game of truth or dare offers the cool doctor the opportunity to shed her lab coat and glasses and put on a pair of sexy stilettos, she accepts the dare. But will shedding her inhibitions fulfill her every desire and help her discover if she can be truly daring or will it cost her everything?
Two men, one a sexy stranger, and a night of no holds barred passion…
What would you dare to do?
THE DARE: The Chronicles of Katrina (Book One)
I dare you to tell me if you are a secret erotic romance reader or are you already out? I'll give away a Kindle/Nook/iBook copy of THE DARE to two randomly picked commenters!
Happy Friday!


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When you think of your best vendor partners, what probably comes to mind is excellent product quality, as well as top-notch partner programs.
Our Annual Report Card research asked VARs how they felt about their vendors' programs. The 10 best follow -- take a look and see how your programs stack up.


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You decided that you are going to emigrate to South Africa. Many clients have gone before you with the help of Windmill Forwarding. We specialize in international moves and emigration and offer our professional and versatile service wherever you want to go like Kaapstad, Port Elizabeth, Durban, Johannesburg, Soweto, or Pretoria. We will advise you and assist you so that nothing will be overlooked.
Moving your furniture carefree to South Africa?
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Windmill Forwarding also offers groupage services to South Africa. If you do not have such a large volume to move and you are more flexible in your delivery date, then you can use this considerably cheaper service than your 'own' container.
We are looking forward to receiving your quotation request. Fill in your details and then receive our complete offer.
We are happy to visit you without any obligation to inform you about your international removal. During this visit with our advisor you can discuss your personal requirements.


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Check out our pre-colored backgrounds!! Simply re-size them to suit your project and print! All you have to do after that is create a scene with your hand colored or pre-colored stamps! and I guarantee your project will look stunning.
"Wonderland" is our first set out, it contains 4 backgrounds in the colors shown above, more backgrounds will follow soon!
See our new "Wonderland" Digital Papers! Perfect with our new background too!!
Need a Halloween card in a rush?
Our Halloween House Pyramage set is perfect. Just print, cut and put together this super fun printable pdf!


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Salsa on1 Beginner & Intermediate
March 5 (Thursday) at 6:30 pm
Jose Perez
Class length
1 hour
Salsa on1 Beginner & Intermediate is an on-going class where you already know the basic footwork, spins and musicality and have already taken Salsa on1 Foundations (or tested out). You will learn spins, crosses, lead/follower work, musicality, and shines. You need to test out to enter the next level class.
Sorry - that class has already taken place!


text: 11 October, Birmingham, UKHe once dreamt of riding the Tour de France but ended up a road running tour de force. Zersenay Tadese succeeded today where the great Haile Gebrselassie failed and where that other legendary Ethiopian, Kenenisa Bekele, has yet to tread.Tadese's victory in the IAAF/EDF Energy World Half Marathon Championships completed a marvellous year for Tadese. Three World Championship medals in one year on three different surfaces is a feat performed previously by only one athlete, Kenya's Paul Tergat in 1999.Gebrselassie, World Half Marathon champion in 2001 and four-time World 10,000m champion on the track, gave up trying in cross country after four failed attempts at an individual medal. Bekele, winner of 11 senior World Cross Country titles and four at 10,000m, has yet to make his debut at the half marathon distance and test himself in a world road running championship.Prior to today, Tadese had finished third in the 2009 World Cross Country Championships, in Amman, Jordan, and runner-up over 10,000m at the 2009 World Athletics Championships, in Berlin. His runaway win this morning, in 59:35, gave him his fourth successive world road running title and he does not intend to stop there.Having become the first athlete of either sex to win four world road running titles, Tadese was asked whether he would be seeking a fifth in Nanning, China, next year. "I will try," he said. He will also revisit the marathon distance, having dropped out after 35km in his debut at the distance, in the Flora London Marathon, last April.Tadese is confident that he can make a success of the marathon. "When I came back to Eritrea after the World Cross Country I was sick for one week," he said. "I am going to run the marathon again."Spotting pockets of Eritrean support out on the course, Tadese is a national hero back home. His wedding to Merhawit Solomon in November 2008, in the capital, Asmara, was attended by 2500 guests and was broadcast live on Eritrean Television.Given the background of conflict in his home country, Tadese had a relatively trouble-free childhood. One of seven children, he grew up in a family which was neither rich nor poor and which lived some 200km from Asmara, and was less affected by fighting. Tadese's first love was cycling. "I dreamed of being a cycling professional with one of the great teams in Europe," he said. "I would have loved to have ridden in a big race like the Tour de France. I won a number of races, mainly over distances of 30km to 50km." However, this was no preparation for European races, held over longer distances."My success at cycling suggested to some local athletics people that I might have good stamina and they invited me to compete in a race," Tadese said. "I won that and I did well in my following races, so I carried on running." He began training seriously in 2002 and he considers his background in cycling to be fundamental to his development as an athlete, helping to build his endurance base.However, Tadese was such an innocent at his maiden international competition that he missed the starting pistol. "I thought it would be like home, when the flag goes down," he said recalling his appearance in the 2002 World Cross Country Championships, in Dublin. "I didn't know I had to start when a gun went off." He was further handicapped by over-size shoes yet still managed a respectable 30th place.In 2004, Tadese became the first Eritrean to win an Olympic medal, taking bronze over 10,000m in Athens. Eritrea is one of Africa's smallest nations, with a population of some four million. In 2005, he won the country's first global athletics gold, taking his first world title on the only occasion in the championships' 17-year history when the races were not held over the half marathon distance. Tadese won that day over 20km.Tadese successfully defended his title in 2007 but not before becoming Eritrea's first World Cross Country champion with a shock win over Bekele. He then added a third world road running title in 2008. After his World Cross Country victory, Tadese underwent physiological tests which found that he required less oxygen per kilometre than other elite distance runners. A report published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine suggested he was the world's most efficient runner. On taking his fourth world road title today, Tadese was a convincing winner, stamping his authority just prior to halfway. Dathan Riteznhein, the American who was third, said that winning medals on three different surfaces in one year takes some doing. "I think the biggest test would be cross country," Ritzenhein said. "Some people just don't move as well through mud and on grass and hills." David Powell for the IAAF


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Code of Conduct
The Student Finance Office at Saint Francis Medical Center College of Nursing is a member of NASFAA, the National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators. We abide by NASFAA's Code of Conduct for Institutional Financial Aid Professionals which states we are required to exemplify the highest level of ethical behavior in helping students and families find the best ways to pay for college and demonstrate the highest level of professionalism, all while remaining good stewards of public and institutional funds. The principles contained herein focus on reaffirming our professional commitment to transparency, compliance and above all students, who have become reliant on federal, state and institutional aid programs to fulfill their educational goals and dreams. In doing so, the Student Finance Office at Saint Francis Medical Center College of Nursing is bound by the following:
- No action will be taken by student finance office staff that is for their personal benefit or could be perceived to be a conflict of interest.
- Employees within the student finance office will not award aid to themselves or their immediate family members. Staff will reserve this task to an institutionally designated person, to avoid the appearance of a conflict of interest.
- If a preferred lender list is provided, it will be complied without prejudice and for the sole benefit of the students attending the institution. The information included about lenders and loan terms will be transparent, complete, and accurate. The complete process through which preferred lenders are selected will be fully and publicly disclosed. Borrowers will not be auto-assigned to any particular lender.
- A borrower's choice of a lender will not be denied, impeded or unnecessarily delayed by the institution, even if that lender is not included on the institution's preferred lender list.
- No amount of cash, gift, or benefit in excess of a de minimis amount shall be accepted by a student finance office staff member from any financial aid applicant (or his/her family), or from any entity doing business with or seeking to do business with the institution (including service on advisory committees or boards beyond reimbursement for reasonable expenses directly associated with such service).
- Information provided by the student finance office is accurate, unbiased, and does not reflect preference arising from actual or potential personal gain.
- Institutional award notification and/or other institutionally provided materials shall include the following:
- A breakdown of individual components of the institution's Cost of Attendance, designating all potential billable charges.
- Clear identification of each award, indicating type of aid, i.e. gift aid (grant, scholarship), work or loan.
- Standard terminology and definitions, using NASFAA's glossary of award letter terms.
- Renewal requirements for each award.
- All required consumer information is displayed in a prominent location on the institutional web site(s) and in any printed materials, easily identified and found, and labeled as "Consumer Information".
- Student Finance Office professionals will disclose to their institution any involvement, interest in, or potential conflict of interest with any entity with which the institution has a business relationship.
Revenue Sharing Arrangement -- means an arrangement between an institution and a lender under which:
I. A lender provides or issues a loan that is made, insured or guaranteed under this title to students attending the institution or to the families of such students and
II. The institution recommends the lender or the loan products of the lender in exchange, the lender pays a fee or provides other material benefits, including revenue or profit sharing to the institution, an officer or an employee of the institution, or an agent.
Gift -- means any gratuity, favor, discount, entertainment, hospitality, loan or other item having a monetary value of more than a de minimus (gift of not more than $10) amount. The term includes a gift of services, transportation, lodging or meals, whether provided in kind, by purchase of a ticket, payment in advance, or reimbursement after the expense has been incurred.
Opportunity Pool Loan -- means a private education loan made by the lender to a student attending the institution or the family member of such a student that involves a payment directly or indirectly, by such institution of points, premiums, additional interest, or financial support to such lender for the purpose of such lender extending credit to the student or the family.


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Tobacco Everywhere
For making cigars, tobacco is grown all around the world, from Poland to South Africa, from Argentina to Canada and, westbound, from Philippines to Mexico. But cigar tobaccos are mainly grown in the intertropical areas.
Tobacco Origin
Tobacco is known as a plant originally from America. Some species were identified in South Pacific. There are many species and varieties. Not all of them are used in smoking products. Many are grown as ornamental plants as they are frequently blooming, showing colors from white to dark red and purple.
Here are some of the countries in which tobacco is grown, to produce your cigars.
Argentina grows dark air-cured tobacco in the provinces of Misiones and Corrientes, and flue cured tobacco in the area of Salta. Misiones has also a production of Burley type. These tobaccos are mainly for cigarettes but Corrientes is appreciated for short filler cigars because of its smooth taste. Argentina used to be a big producer and exporter but changes in the economic and income tax policies have seriously damaged the production, making the tobacco too expensive to be competitive on the international market. Consequently, production volumes have decreased.
Brazil is one of the largest world's tobacco producers. The East Central State of Bahia is an important cigar tobacco growing area, about 100 miles west of the state capital, Salvador da Bahia, an active port on the Atlantic Coast. The Northern State of Alagoas hosts a production around the city of Arapiraca where maduro cigar wrappers are grown. The Southern states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina produce tobacco for cigarettes and pipe.
Cameroon cigar wrappers are grown in the East part of the country. The growing area spreads over the eastern border, into the Central African Republic. Wrappers are air grown, without fertilizers and pesticides, by small farmers. The average plantation size is about one acre. The seed is originally from Sumatra, introduced in the country just after WWII. Grown first for French Monopoly needs, the tobacco was offered on the international market when production was too large for this single use. Well appreciated by European manufacturers and large American cigars companies, Cameroon wrapper production dropped down during the late 1980s, due to poor management. Today, quantities are small and quality could be better.
Dark air cured tobaccos are produced in Mexico, mainly in Vera Cruz and Tampico provinces, on the East Coast along the Golf. There is also some production in Yucatan. Previously a state-owned operation, it is now handled by private individuals and cooperatives. Mexican tobacco is very dark and the best leaves can be used as maduro wrappers. In San Andres de Tuxtla (Vera Cruz), there is a very interesting production of Sumatra seed wrappers.
In Philippines, tobacco growing is concentrated in the Northern part of the main island of Luzon. Traditionally, dark tobacco for cigars was grown and Philippines' cigars were very famous, under the powerful Compania General de Tabaccos de Filipinas. They probably declined because they were too mild. Today, Philippines still grows dark tobacco and has developed a production of flue-cured tobacco for blond cigarettes.
Zimbabwe is among the top three countries for high quality flue cured tobacco (with the USA and Brazil). The embargo that hit the country, when it was still Rhodesia, did not hurt the production. It made the Rhodesians more inventive and they went on producing. At this time, Zambia and Tanzania, the neighboring countries were selling a lot! When the embargo was lifted in 1980 allowing us to deal directly, we discovered a fascinating organization and equipment, the best in the world. Tobacco was the top activity of the country and getting a job in tobacco was a challenge for many young men. The actual Zimbabwean agrarian policy , which we won't discuss here, will probably strike this country off the list of tobacco producers. Cigar industry will not suffer as flue-cured tobaccos are mainly concerned. Brazil should be the major beneficiary of this situation.
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From early America and through over half of the 20th century, tobacco was one of the most essential parts of the national economy. There are still plenty of tobacco companies out there--but the market is less powerful now because of research and cancer studies. The Surgeon General's Warning has certainly had an effect--as the cost of tobacco products rises continually.
At first in the history of tobacco, the negative effects of smoking tobacco were virtually unknown, and therefore tobacco seemed harmless. However, by the time we reached the early 20th century, information about the health effects of tobacco began to be published in newspapers and magazines all over the world.
The history of tobacco indicates that in Germany in 1930, scientists were able to make a distinct correlation between cancer and smoking tobacco. However, in the history of tobacco on American soil, it was eight years later when Doctor Raymond Pearl, a professor at Johns Hopkins University, declared that smokers (more often than not) do not live as long as non-smokers.
Tobacco products are virtually impossible to quit for many people. Some say that an addiction to tobacco is harder to break than an addiction to heroin. Therefore, there is still a necessary market for tobacco and tobacco products, because some people will always be people smokers. The history of tobacco may have altered our perspective and lowered the number of people who smoke, but there is not a chance that smoking will ever be eradicated completely.


text:
Gzip is the most popular and effective compression method. Most modern web browser supports and accepts compressed data transfer. By gziping response time can reduced by 60-70% as compare to normal web page. The end result is faster web site experience for both dial up (they're not dead yet – I've dial up account for backup purpose) and broadband user. I've already written about speeding up Apache 2.x web access or downloads with mod_deflate.
mod_compress for Lighttpd 1.4.xx
Lighttpd 1.4.xx supports gzip compression using mod_compress. This module can reduces the network load and can improve the overall throughput of the webserver. All major http-clients support compression by announcing it in the Accept-Encoding header as follows:
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
If lighttpd sees this header in the request, it can compress the response using one of the methods listed by the client. The web server notifies the web client of this via the Content-Encoding header in the response:
Content-Encoding: gzip
This is used to negotiate the most suitable compression method. Lighttpd support deflate, gzip and bzip2.
Configure mod_compress
Open your lighttpd.conf file:
# vi /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf
Append mod_compress to server.modules directive:
server.modules += ( "mod_compress" )
Setup compress.cache-dir to stored all cached file:
compress.cache-dir = "/tmp/lighttpdcompress/"
Finally, define mimetypes to get compressed. Following will allow to compress javascript, plain text files, css file,xml file etc:
compress.filetype = ("text/plain","text/css", "text/xml", "text/javascript" )
Save and close the file. Create /tmp/lighttpdcompress/ file:
# mkdir -p /tmp/lighttpdcompress/
# chown lighttpd:lighttpd /tmp/lighttpdcompress/
Restart lighttpd:
# /etc/init.d/lighttpd restart
How do I enable mod_compress per virtual host?
Use conditional $HTTP host directive, for example turn on compression for theos.in:
$HTTP["host"] =~ "theos\.in" { compress.cache-dir = "/var/www/cache/theos.in/" }
PHP dynamic compression
Open php.in file:
# vi /etc/php.ini
To compress dynamic content with PHP please enable following two directives:
zlib.output_compression = On
zlib.output_handler = On
Save and close the file. Restart lighttpd:
# service lighttpd restart
Cleaning cache directory
You need to run a shell script for cleaning out cache directory.
See also:
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|List of Unix and Linux commands
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text:
We couldn't find any quotes or authors matching standard-bearer.
Maybe you were looking for one of these authors?
Standard Bank analysts, Standard Chartered, Standard Chartered economist Thomas Costerg, Standard Life Investments, Standard Life Investments ' Fearon, Stanford President John Hennessy, Stanford Renas, Stanford University, Stanford University engineer Wei-Min Wu, Stanford University historian Adrienne Mayor


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Lorenzo de' Medici
|Lorenzo de' Medici
Portrait by Agnolo Bronzino
|Lord of Florence
|2 December 1469 – 9 April 1492
|Piero the Gouty
|Piero the Unfortunate
|Clarice Orsini
Lucrezia de' Medici
Piero de' Medici
Maddalena de' Medici
Contessina Beatrice de' Medici
Giovanni de' Medici, Pope Leo X
Luisa de' Medici
Contessina de' Medici
Giuliano de' Medici, Duke of Nemours
|Full name
Lorenzo di Piero de' Medici
|Noble family
|House of Medici
|Piero the Gouty
|Lucrezia Tornabuoni
1 January 1449
Florence, Republic of Florence
|9 April 1492
(aged 43)
Careggi, Republic of Florence
Lorenzo de' Medici (Italian pronunciation: [loˈrɛntso de ˈmɛːditʃi], 1 January 1449 – 9 April 1492) was an Italian statesman and de facto ruler of the Florentine Republic, who was one of the most powerful and enthusiastic patrons of the Renaissance.[1][2][3] Also known as Lorenzo the Magnificent (Lorenzo il Magnifico [loˈrɛntso il maɲˈɲiːfiko]) by contemporary Florentines, he was a magnate, diplomat, politician and patron of scholars, artists and poets. He is well known for his contribution to the art world by sponsoring artists such as Botticelli and Michelangelo. His life coincided with the mature phase of Italian Renaissance and his death coincided with the end of the Golden Age of Florence.[4] The fragile peace that he helped maintain among the various Italian states collapsed with his death. He is buried in the Medici Chapel in Florence.
Lorenzo's grandfather, Cosimo de' Medici, was the first member of the Medici family to combine running the Medici Bank with leading the Republic of Florence. Cosimo was one of the wealthiest men in Europe and spent a very large portion of his fortune in government and philanthropy. He was a patron of the arts and funded public works.[5] Lorenzo's father, Piero di Cosimo de' Medici, was equally at the centre of Florentine life, chiefly as an art patron and collector, while Lorenzo's grandfather and uncle, Giovanni di Cosimo de' Medici, took care of the family's business interests. Lorenzo's mother, Lucrezia Tornabuoni, was a writer of sonnets and a friend to poets and philosophers of the Medici Academy. She became her son's advisor after the deaths of his father and uncle.[5]
Lorenzo, considered the brightest of the five children of Piero and Lucrezia, was tutored by a diplomat and bishop, Gentile de' Becchi, and the humanist philosopher Marsilio Ficino.[6] With his brother Giuliano, he participated in jousting, hawking, hunting, and horse breeding for the Palio, a horse race in Siena. His own horse was named Morello di Vento.[7]
Piero sent Lorenzo on many important diplomatic missions when he was still a youth, which included trips to Rome to meet the pope and other important religious and political figures.[8]
Lorenzo was described as rather plain of appearance and was of average height, having a broad frame and short legs, a swarthy skin, squashed nose, short-sighted eyes and a harsh voice. Giuliano, on the other hand, was regarded as handsome; he was used as a model by Botticelli in his painting of Mars and Venus.[9]
Lorenzo, groomed for power, assumed a leading role in the state upon the death of his father in 1469, when he was twenty. Already drained by his grandfather's building projects and constantly stressed by mismanagement, wars, and political expenses, the bank's assets contracted seriously during the course of Lorenzo's lifetime.[10]
Lorenzo, like his grandfather, father, and son, ruled Florence indirectly through surrogates in the city councils, threats, payoffs and strategic marriages.[11] Although Florence flourished under Lorenzo's rule, he effectively reigned as a despot, and people had little political freedom.[12] Rival Florentine families inevitably harboured resentments over the Medicis' dominance, and enemies of the Medici remained a factor in Florentine life long after Lorenzo's passing.[11] The most notable of the rival families was the Pazzi, who nearly brought Lorenzo's reign to an end right after it began.[13]
On Easter Sunday, 26 April 1478, in an incident called the Pazzi conspiracy, a group including members of the Pazzi family, backed by the Archbishop of Pisa and his patron Pope Sixtus IV, attacked Lorenzo and his brother and co-ruler, Giuliano, in the Cathedral of Florence. Giuliano was killed, but Lorenzo escaped with only a stab wound. The conspiracy was brutally put down by such measures as the lynching of the Archbishop of Pisa and the death of the Pazzi family members who were directly involved.[13]
In the aftermath of the Pazzi Conspiracy and the punishment of Pope Sixtus IV's supporters, the Medici and Florence suffered from the wrath of the Holy See, which seized all the Medici assets Sixtus could find, excommunicated Lorenzo and the entire government of Florence and ultimately put the entire Florentine city-state under interdict.[14] When these moves had little effect, Sixtus formed a military alliance with King Ferdinand I of Naples, whose son, Alfonso, Duke of Calabria, led an invasion of the Florentine Republic, still ruled by Lorenzo.[15]
Lorenzo rallied the citizens. However, with little support from the traditional Medici allies in Bologna and Milan (the latter being convulsed by power struggles among the Milanese ruling family, the Sforza),[13] the war dragged on, and only diplomacy by Lorenzo, who personally traveled to Naples, ultimately resolved the crisis. That success enabled Lorenzo to secure constitutional changes within the Florentine Republic's government, which further enhanced his own power.[11]
Thereafter, Lorenzo, like his grandfather Cosimo de' Medici, pursued a policy both of maintaining peace and a balance of power between the northern Italian states and of keeping the other major European states such as France and the Holy Roman Empire's Habsburg rulers out of Italy. Lorenzo maintained good relations with Sultan Mehmed II of the Ottoman Empire, as the Florentine maritime trade with the Ottomans was a major source of wealth for the Medici.[16]
Lorenzo's court included artists such as Piero and Antonio del Pollaiuolo, Andrea del Verrocchio, Leonardo da Vinci, Sandro Botticelli, Domenico Ghirlandaio and Michelangelo Buonarroti, who were involved in the 15th-century Renaissance. Although he did not commission many works himself, he helped them secure commissions from other patrons. Michelangelo lived with Lorenzo and his family for five years, dining at the family table and participating in discussions led by Marsilio Ficino.
Lorenzo was an artist himself, writing poetry in his native Tuscan. In his poetry he celebrates life even while, particularly in his later works, he acknowledged with melancholy the fragility and instability of the human condition. Love, feasts and light dominate his verse.[17]
Cosimo had started the collection of books that became the Medici Library (also called the Laurentian Library), and Lorenzo expanded it. Lorenzo's agents retrieved from the East large numbers of classical works, and he employed a large workshop to copy his books and disseminate their content across Europe. He supported the development of humanism through his circle of scholarly friends including the philosophers Marsilio Ficino, Poliziano and Giovanni Pico della Mirandola.[18] They studied Greek philosophers and attempted to merge the ideas of Plato with Christianity.
Apart from a personal interest, Lorenzo also used the Florentine scene of fine arts for his diplomatic efforts. An example includes the commission of Ghirlandaio, Botticelli, Pietro Perugino and Cosimo Rosselli to Rome to paint murals in the Sistine Chapel, a move that has been interpreted as sealing the alliance between Lorenzo and Pope Sixtus IV.[18]
In 1471, Lorenzo calculated that since 1434, his family had spent some 663,000 florins (about US$460 million today) on charity, buildings and taxes. He wrote,
"I do not regret this for though many would consider it better to have a part of that sum in their purse, I consider it to have been a great honour to our state, and I think the money was well-expended and I am well-pleased."[19]
Marriage and children
Lorenzo married Clarice Orsini by proxy on 7 February 1469. The marriage in person took place in Florence on 4 June 1469. She was a daughter of Giacomo Orsini, Lord of Monterotondo and Bracciano by his wife and cousin Maddalena Orsini. Clarice and Lorenzo had 10 children:
- Lucrezia Maria Romola de' Medici (Florence, 4 August 1470 – 15 November 1553); married 10 September 1486 Jacopo Salviati and had 10 children, including Cardinal Giovanni Salviati, Cardinal Bernardo Salviati, Maria Salviati (mother of Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany), and Francesca Salviati (mother of Pope Leo XI)
- Twins who died after birth (March 1471)
- Piero di Lorenzo de' Medici (Florence, 15 February 1472 – Garigliano River, 28 December 1503), ruler of Florence after his father's death, called "the Unfortunate"
- Maria Maddalena Romola de' Medici (Florence, 25 July 1473 – Rome, 2 December 1528), married 25 February 1487 Franceschetto Cybo (illegitimate son of Pope Innocent VIII) and had seven children
- Contessina Beatrice de' Medici (23 September 1474 - September 1474), died young
- Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici (Florence, 11 December 1475 – Rome, 1 December 1521), ascended to the Papacy as Leo X on 9 March 1513
- Luisa de' Medici (Florence, 1477 – May 1488),[20] also called Luigia, was betrothed to Giovanni de' Medici il Popolano but died young
- Contessina Antonia Romola de' Medici (Pistoia, 16 January 1478 – Rome, 29 June 1515); married 1494 Piero Ridolfi (1467 - 1525) and had five children, including Cardinal Niccolò Ridolfi
- Giuliano di Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Nemours (Florence, 12 March 1479 – Florence, 17 March 1516), created Duke of Nemours in 1515 by King Francis I of France
Lorenzo also adopted his nephew Giulio, the illegitimate son of his slain brother Giuliano. Giulio later became Pope Clement VII.
Later years
During his tenure, several branches of the family bank collapsed because of bad loans, and, in later years, he got into financial difficulties and resorted to misappropriating trust and state funds.
Toward the end of Lorenzo's life, Florence came under the spell of Savonarola, who believed Christians had strayed too far into Greco-Roman culture. Lorenzo played a role in bringing Savonarola to Florence.[21]
He died during the late night of 8 April or during the early morning of 9 April 1492, at the longtime family villa of Careggi (Florentine reckoning considers days to begin at sunset, so his death date is the 9th in that reckoning). Savonarola visited Lorenzo on his death bed. The rumour that Savonarola damned Lorenzo on his deathbed has been refuted in Roberto Ridolfi's book, Vita di Girolamo Savonarola. Letters written by witnesses to Lorenzo's death report that he died peacefully after listening to the Gospel of the day. Many signs and portents were claimed to have taken place at the moment of his death, including the dome of Florence Cathedral being struck by lightning, ghosts appearing, and the lions kept at Via Leone fighting one another.[22]
The Signoria and councils of Florence issued a decree:
"Whereas the foremost man of all this city, the lately deceased Lorenzo de' Medici, did, during his whole life, neglect no opportunity of protecting, increasing, adorning and raising this city, but was always ready with counsel, authority and painstaking, in thought and deed; shrank from neither trouble nor danger for the good of the state and its freedom..... it has seemed good to the Senate and people of Florence.... to establish a public testimonial of gratitude to the memory of such a man, in order that virtue might not be unhonoured among Florentines, and that, in days to come, other citizens may be incited to serve the commonwealth with might and wisdom."[23]
Lorenzo was buried with his brother Giuliano in the Church of San Lorenzo, in the red porphyry sarcophagus designed for Piero and Giovanni de' Medici, not, as might be expected, in the New Sacristy, designed by Michelangelo. This chapel holds the two monumental tombs of Lorenzo and Giulano's less known namesakes, Lorenzo, Duke of Urbino, and Giuliano, Duke of Nemours.[24] According to Williamson and others, the statues of the lesser Lorenzo and Giuliano have been carved by Michelangelo to incorporate the essence of the famous men. In 1559, the bodies of Lorenzo "The Magnificent" de' Medici and his brother Giuliano were interred in the New Sacristy in an unmarked tomb beneath Michelangelo's statue of the Madonna.[24]
Lorenzo's heir was his eldest son, Piero di Lorenzo de' Medici, known as "Piero the Unfortunate". He squandered his father's patrimony and brought down the Medici dynasty in Florence. The second son, Giovanni, who became Pope Leo X soon afterwards, restored it, but it was not made wholly secure again until the accession of his great-grandson from a branch line of the family, Cosimo I de' Medici.[24]
In popular culture
- Lorenzo de' Medici is depicted as a teenager in CBBC's Leonardo, played by actor Colin Ryan. However, the historical accuracy of the series is questionable.[25]
- Lorenzo de' Medici appears as a character in Assassin's Creed II.
- Lorenzo de' Medici is portrayed by Elliot Cowan in the 2013 TV series Da Vinci's Demons.
- ↑ Parks, Tim (2008). Medici Money: Banking, Metaphysics, and Art in Fifteenth-Century Florence. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. p. 288.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Fact about Lorenzo de' Medici". 100 Leader in world history. 2008. Retrieved 2008-11-15.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Kent, F.W. (2006). Lorenzo De' Medici and the Art of Magnificence. USA: JHU Press. p. 248. ISBN 0-8018-8627-9.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Gene Brucker, Living on the Edge in Leonardo's Florence, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005), pp. 14-15.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Hugh Ross Williamson, Lorenzo the Magnificent, Michael Joseph, (1974), ISBN 07181 12040
- ↑ Hugh Ross Williamson, p. 67
- ↑ Christopher Hibbert, chapter 9
- ↑ Niccolò Machiavelli, History of Florence, Book VIII, Chpt. 7.
- ↑ Hugh Ross Williamson, p. 70
- ↑ Walter, Ingeborg (2013). "Lorenzo der Prächtige: Mäzen, Schöngeist und Tyrann". Damals (in German). Vol. 45 no. 3. p. 32. Unknown parameter
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- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Reinhardt, Volker (2013). "Die langsame Aushöhlung der Republik". Damals (in German). Vol. 45 no. 3. pp. 16–23. Unknown parameter
|trans_title=ignored (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Guicciardini, Francesco (1964). History of Italy and History of Florence. New York: Twayne Publishers. p. 8.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Thompson, Bard (1996). Humanists and Reformers: A History of the Renaissance and Reformation. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. pp. 189 ff. ISBN 0-8028-6348-5.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Hancock, Lee (2005). Lorenzo de' Medici: Florence's Great Leader and Patron of the Arts. The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. p. 57. ISBN 1-4042-0315-X.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Martines, Lauro (2000). April Blood: Florence and the Plot Against the Medici. Oxford University Press.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Inalcik, Halil (2000). The Ottoman Empire: The Classical Age 1300-1600. London: Orion Publishing Group. p. 135. ISBN 978-1-84212-442-0.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ La Poesie di Lorenzo di Medici | The Poetry of Lorenzo di Medici- Lydia Ugolini; Lecture (1985); Audio
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 Schmidt, Eike D. (2013). "Mäzene auf den Spuren der Antike". Damals (in German). 45 (3): 36–43. Unknown parameter
|trans_title=ignored (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Brucker, G., ed. (1971). The Society of Renaissance Florence: A Documentary Study. New York: Harper & Row. p. 27.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Tomas, Natalie R. (2003). The Medici Women: Gender and Power in Renaissance Florence. Aldershot: Ashgate. p. 7,21. ISBN 0754607771.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Donald Weinstein, Savonarola the Rise and Fall of a Renaissance Prophet (New Haven, 2011) Chap 5: The Magnificent Lorenzo
- ↑ Hugh Ross Williamson, p. 268.
- ↑ Williamson, pp. 268-9
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Hugh Ross Williamson, p. 270-80
- ↑ Leonardo on IMDBLeonardo on IMDB
Further reading
- Lorenzo de' Medici, The Complete Literary Works, edited and translated by Guido A. Guarino (New York: Italica Press, 2016).
- Miles J. Unger, Magnifico: The Brilliant Life and Violent Times of Lorenzo de' Medici (Simon and Schuster 2008) is a vividly colorful new biography of this true "renaissance man", the uncrowned ruler of Florence during its golden age.
- Christopher Hibbert, The House of Medici: Its Rise and Fall (Morrow-Quill, 1980) is a highly readable, non-scholarly general history of the family, and covers Lorenzo's life in some detail.
- F. W. Kent, Lorenzo de- Medici and the Art of Magnificence (The Johns Hopkins Symposia in Comparative History) (The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004) A summary of 40 years of research with a specific theme of Il Magnifico's relationship with the visual arts.
- Peter Barenboim, Michelangelo Drawings - Key to the Medici Chapel Interpretation ( Moscow, Letny Sad, 2006) ISBN 5-98856-016-4, is a new interpretation of Lorenzo the Magnificent' image in the Medici Chapel.
- Williamson, Hugh Ross, Lorenzo the Magnificent. Michael Joseph, London. (1974) ISBN 0-7181-1204-0
- Historical novels
- Robin Maxwell, Signora da Vinci (NAL Trade, 2009), a novel that follows Leonardo da Vinci's mother, Caterina, as she travels to Florence to be with her son.
External links
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lorenzo il Magnifico.