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Why You Want
Hitch racks are the best best way to transport a bike given the easy of mounting, fuel economy and less wind noise. Plus crashing your bikes on the roof rack in to a low garage is never fun.
But hitch racks are usually heavy at over 50 lbs and expensive at $500+. The Saris Freedom rack offers a solution at 21 lbs and $239. Curious? Then read on.
Adjustments make it easy to fit most bike frames and types – with a weight limit of 35lbs each. Three ratcheting straps keep the bike secure in addition to adjustable arms that can either cradle the frame or hold it down. Fits a 1 ¼" receiver natively, but does include an adapter to fit 2" hitches as well. Since the tire cradles can be positioned left to right, many wheel sizes are easily accommodated. And because of this adjustability, the rack is space efficient but with still the flexibility of minimizing saddle and handlebar interference between two bikes.
Most two-bike hitch racks weigh in at 50+ lbs. They are so heavy and cumbersome that it is impractical to remove them from the car often. The 21 lb. Freedom rack gives you that flexibility.
This is a USA tray rack for $239. Again, that's about half the price of the competition and Saris has really made the 'behind-car' method of transporting bikes affordable.
A hitch style tray rack allows the easiest method to carry a bike and it can save thousands of dollars in fuel costs compared to a roof rack over the life of the rack.
This is not a heavy duty rack with a true 2″ hitch that can accomodate downhill bikes or very rough roads. 35 lbs is the bike weight limit and there will be a bit of bike movement on rough roads.
This is not as easy or quick as a Kuat or 1upusa rack that simply press on the tire with a big lever arm. So the first time mounting bike to this rack will require more adjustment.
Mtbr Take
The Saris Freedom Hitch offers those on a budget the 'freedom' to take a pair of bikes just about anywhere without worrying about their bikes swinging back and forth. The rack requires very little assembly; it can be put together in less than 10 minutes. The completed rack weighed in at just 21.04 lbs on our scale, ridiculously light for a tray style hitch rack
The Freedom uses two small cradles and an arm to support your bike with three ratcheting straps to secure your bike. Early versions of the strap were a little finicky but the latest versions of the straps called the Cuscino (meaning pillow) are much easier to use and protect the structure and finish of even the lightest carbon bikes. The 4 cradles are adjustable, sliding left and right, and make it fairly easy to mount your bikes onto the rack; a strap at each of the cradles locks your bike into place.
The upright arm of the rack also carries two hold down straps for a third point of contact to secure your bike to the rack, this is where it becomes slightly tricky, because you'll have to adjust the hold down strap and arm to work with your bikes frame. Sliding the wheel tray cradles back and forth until you find the perfect combination that works for your bike. It's advised that you start with the heavier of your two bikes and mount it closest to your car, and then repeat with the second bike on the other set of cradles. Once you have this set, you won't have to fuss with this again.
The Freedom rack's receiver bar fits into 1 ¼" hitch receiver natively, but if you have a 2" hitch, Saris does include an adapter. We have a 1 ¼" hitch setup, so we didn't make use of the adapter. With the 1 ¼" setup, the rack interface was solid, no movement whatsoever. When the bikes were mounted, we had every bit of confidence they were secure and not going to wiggle or bounce around. A relief from the hang and swing options we've tried in the past. The hitch arm is a good length, leaving plenty of room between the bikes and the rear of the car. When not in use, the Freedom's arm can be released and lowered to allow easy access to the rear of your car. While down, the rack looks neat and out of the way, so much so, we figured it might be a better idea to leave it up so cars behind us would see the rack and not get too close and potentially hit the low key rack.
If you're looking for a solid rack without too many frills that will get the job done, the Saris Freedom should be at the top of your list. It's manufactured and assembled in the USA, and comes with a lifetime warranty.
And at this price and this weight, it really has no equal.
Find out what mtbr forum users have to say about the Saris Freedom here: https://forums.mtbr.com/car-biker/saris-freedom-772131.html
Rating: 4.5 out of 5
Price: $239.99 MSRP
More Info: www.saris.com
Continue reading for Saris Assembly and Installation Videos.


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Read the fascinating story of Megan in 'The Misconception' – Young Adult and older- bit.ly/14zadFI
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subset: commoncrawl


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Katchafire is on the road again! The legendary roots rockers from New Zealand will play live at The Catalyst on May 19 with Mystic Roots Band.
Hailing from the mighty H-Town (Hamilton), Aoteoroa, Katchafire have become a global roots reggae phenomenon. The all Maori Reggae band bring their pure classic sound to music lovers worldwide, delivering one of the most authentic Reggae shows around today.
Four highly successful studio albums, multiple awards, platinum sales, highest selling singles, and the list goes on. Their sound is built on the foundations of classic roots reggae with an R'n'B and funk rub, mashing modern dancehall and slinky reggae pop. Katchafire has crafted a universal vibe, capturing something truly special in a diversity of instrumentation and clarity of sound.
Mystic Roots - Mystic Roots Band (MRB) is a Chico, CA born, 5-piece pop reggae fusion band. With two feet solidly in reggae, the band seamlessly juggles elements of dancehall, Hip-Hop, EDM, pop, and a taste of rock. The band is always sharpening their evolving musical arrangements of vocal harmonies that are made richer by the group's female/male dynamic. The music and lyrics are catchy and upbeat, yet with a powerful, positive message. Attending a Mystic Roots live concert guarantees not just music for your ears, but also a high-energy show and powerful experience you'll never forget. MRB promotes positivity and spreads a conscious message while still having a good time and keeping the party going!
Doors Open at 8pm, 16 and over.
$20 advance admission, $30 at the door.
Buy Tickets from Ticketfly or follow the "Attend" link above.


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Online sales for this show closed at 3PM. You can get tickets until 4PM in person at NBO or by phone at 586-8686, or at the door tonight.
Best known as the brother of Canadian folk singer Stan Rogers, Garnet Rogers has enjoyed a substantial musical career of his own. He began experimenting with various musical instruments at the age of five, starting off with the guitar and graduating to the fiddle and flute. In the early 1970s, he and his brother joined Cedar Lake, but only lasted a year; together with that band's bassist, the two brothers broke away to form a trio. Involvement with two documentaries for the Canadian Broadcasting Company led to the material that went into Garnet and Stan's first album Fogarty's Cove. The Rogers' songs dealt with the lore and life of Canadian working folk and struck a chord across that nation. Several albums followed, including Turnaround and Northwest Passage. In 1983, Stan died in a tragic plane accident, leaving Garnet to carry the torch alone. His first album, entitled, simply Garnet Rogers appeared in 1984 and was followed by a successive album every two years into the 1990s. In 2002 Red House Records released a collection of Rogers best material, All That Is. Despite the fact the Rogers has a large American following among folk fans, the record was his first to be released by an American company.


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Electra Tiger Shark 1 (20-inch) - Boys'
This item is currently not available.
Let kids be kids and enjoy all the quality and design details of our adult bikes, plus the benefits of Electra's patented Flat Foot Technology®.
- Cruiser hi-ten steel frame
- Single-speed w/coaster brake
- Alloy rims, front hub and seat clamp
- Alloy stem and integrated kickstand
- 20"x 2.125" RetroRunner tires
- Matching bell


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Cherry Lane Music - The White Stripes: White Blood Cells Sheet Music - Multi
Browse all deals at Best Buy
See more in Music
* This offer may contain time-sensitive information and offers. Please check with Best Buy to confirm actual price & availability.
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Nampa, ID 83687


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Charlottesville rocks! Where were you when it shook?
Published December 11, 2003, in issue #0249 of the Hook
Stan Tatum: "I was in my office up the street. There had been some construction upstairs. I thought at first, 'What are those guys doing up there?' but it didn't stop. It was kind of interesting."
Meg Madden: "I was in the Mudhouse. Everybody stopped. Somebody said, 'It should have been over by now.' I just said, Whoa, that was really cool."
Web bonus:
Sally Murphy: "I was sitting up at The Nook waiting for some friends. I was playing with my phone when the ground started shaking, and then the phone started shaking. Some people came out of stores. I wasn't really scared– more curious."


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Hardware Today: Energy Efficiency Hits the Data Center
Everybody is talking about energy efficiency these days. Chipmakers began the trend when they switched from a power race to a performance-per-watt competition. Cooling vendors have also gotten into the act, raising their profile on the IT landscape by offering myriad ways to keep the server room temperature down. Systems vendors, naturally, have responded by building power and cooling features into their product lines.Energy efficiency has become a top priority for chip vendors, OEMs and cooling vendors, alike.
"There is definite market pressure on systems OEMs to increase the productivity per watt of computer systems in order to do more work less heat output and power input," says Andreas Antonopoulos, an analyst at New York City based Nemertes Research. "Multi-core technologies are a move in that direction."
Intel has been branded as one of the principal culprits in terms of power hunger. In this arena, its processors have long fared poorly compared to the more energy efficient AMD Opteron chip.
The original Pentium processor, for example, pulled less than 20 Watts. Fast forward a few years, and some recent Intel chips peaked at around 150 watts.
"We were going for power, not heat efficiency," says Chia-pin Chiu, principal engineer at Intel. "Now the focus is on efficiency. For the same power, the stress is on doubling or tripling performance via multi-core chips."
All systems vendors have incorporated AMD and Intel dual-core processors into their latest blades and servers. Sun Microsystems, for example, adopted the AMD Opteron for its x64 line of x86 servers. But that is far from the only power saving features it employs.
"As well as the energy efficiency of the AMD Opteron, our x64 designs have improved airflow and fan positioning features," says Ted Gibson, an engagement architect at Sun.
Moving to Sun's SPARC models, the Sun Fire T1000 and T2000 servers come with CoolThreads technology, which surpasses both AMD and Intel in terms of performance per watt. At 8 cores for 70 watts, the two x86 chip vendors have a long way to go catch up.
Dell Gets the Power Message
Dell recently opened its doors to AMD Opteron. Two AMD servers have been released that give Dell a chance to compete in more power-sensitive markets. But the company realizes cutting power costs involves more than the chip.
"Power and thermal efficiency is top of mind," says Dell CTO Kevin Kettler. "To drive maximum efficiency, you have to look at all levels of integration, from the client to the silicon, software, data center infrastructure and management systems."
To illustrate his point, he discusses an analysis of power consumption at a Dell data center: 41 percent of power went to IT equipment, 28 percent went to power distribution, and 31 percent was consumed by cooling gear. Within the IT equipment category, servers soaked up 40 percent, storage 37 percent, and communications and networking equipment 23 percent.
"When we analyzed further, we found that the CPU consumes 31 percent of server power," says Kettler. "That translates into only 6 percent of total power being locked up in the CPU. So it's definitely not just about the processor."
As a sign of the changing times, Dell released a Data Center Planner, available at http://www.Dell.com/energy. It is designed to help IT staff bear in mind the many factors involved in keeping energy demands low.
Large and Small
Large OEMs aren't the only vendors building thermal enhancement features into their machinery. Rackable Systems, for example, is a pioneer of DC-powered servers.
"DC-based systems can increase server efficiency and reliability while reducing power consumption by as much as 30 percent," says Colette LaForce, vice president of marketing for Rackable Systems. "Systems that consume less power naturally put out less heat which means less air conditioning for the data center, and therefore an additional expense reduction."
In this more power conscious age, the demand for these servers has soared. According to LaForce, DC-based systems now account for 50 percent of company sales.
Blade OEM Egenera, too, has become a big believer in lowering power consumption.
"As a result of the increased performance density of processors, enterprises are having trouble cooling data centers that were not designed to support thousands of W/sq-ft," says Rick Barnard, director of enterprise computing architecture at Egenera. "Bladed form factors have also contributed to increases in density by shrinking the form factor for servers. That's why systems OEMs are creating solutions to facilitate cooling at the data center level or through power management at the system level."
Thus, IS organizations should not shy away from asking questions, such as how to eliminate a lot of the components generating heat and eating up power (e.g., servers, switches and disk drives), and how can they reduce these operational costs, while maintaining high levels of service.
Accordingly, Egenera has introduced a new server architecture to reduce power and cooling challenges. The Egenera BladeFrame system was combined with Liebert's CoolFrame cooling technology. This is coupled with Liebert XD, a waterless cooling system, using chassis enhancements in the BladeFrame EX.
"Liebert XD CoolFrame modules attach directly to the rear of the Egenera BladeFrame EX system," says Barnard. "This saves about 23 percent of typical data center cooling energy costs and takes up no additional floor space.
Server Liquidity
The above system, however, is far from the only approach to server cooling. Cooligy, for example, has developed a way to mount water-based heat exchangers directly on top of chips. Essentially, it replaces the heat pipe or heat sink and is a lot more efficient. A working model is available for high-end workstations powered by two 125-watt Xeon processors. The micro-heat exchanger on top of the chip has water continuously fed into it. Hot water is then channeled via a radiator, cooled down and returned to the chip. This makes it possible to run the chip 10 degrees Farenheit cooler than if air cooled. That gives the IS organization two options: ramp up the performance or throttle it back to save energy while maintaining the necessary level of processing power.
According to Fred Rebarber, director of sales and marketing at Cooligy, several server OEMs are investigating such liquid cooling techniques, although he admits he has no existing contracts with any of them. It appears to be an ongoing cat and mouse game, with neither side giving too much away. Cooligy wants to sell its technology to OEMs, but at the same time, they are busy developing their own methods.
"This is a technology of the future, and it's all about moving the cooling close to the source," says Rebarber. "It will probably take three or four years before it is commonplace inside servers."


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Whitney Curtis / Getty Images
U.S. Sen. Claire McCaskill greets supporters during an election night party in St. Louis on Tuesday.
Democrats prevailed against Republicans in two U.S. Senate races in which abortion and controversial remarks about rape played a pivotal role.
U.S. Rep. Todd Akin of Missouri — who set off a firestorm after using the phrase "legitimate rape" — and Indiana State Treasurer Richard Mourdock — who said, "even when life begins in that horrible situation of rape, that is something that God intended to happen" — were projected to lose their Senate races, NBC News reported on Tuesday.
Their Democratic rivals, Missouri Sen. Claire McCaskill and Indiana U.S. Rep. Joe Donnelly, are the projected winners.
Sen. Claire McCaskill wins re-election in Missouri, beating Rep. Todd Akin who came under fire for saying women had ways of preventing pregnancies in the case of "legitimate rape."
"This is a race Republicans were counting on winning," NBC News' Andrea Mitchell said of Mourdock's projected loss. "This is a pickup for the Democrats, and a very important one."
Indeed, early on in the campaign Republicans had McCaskill, 59, in their sights as a seat to pick up.
Michael Conroy / AP
Democrat Joe Donnelly, right, takes the stage in front of former Sen. Evan Bayh, after winning the U.S. Senate seat on Tuesday.
That seemed a fair possibility until August, when Akin, 65, was asked in a TV interview whether abortion should be legal in cases of rape. "From what I understand from doctors, that's really rare," he replied. "If it's a legitimate rape, the female body has ways to try to shut that whole thing down."
Akin ignored calls to quit the race from Republicans, including presidential nominee Mitt Romney and all five living Republicans who had represented Missouri in the U.S. Senate.
Akin later apologized, saying his comment was "ill conceived and wrong." He also explained that he opposes abortion in cases of women who become pregnant after being raped because "rape is a tragedy, and I don't think it helps the first tragedy to add a second tragedy to it."
Abortion was also an issue in the Indiana Senate campaign. When Tea-Party backed Mourdock, who had defeated six-term Sen. Richard Lugar in the primary, was asked about his opposition to abortion in all cases except when the mother's life is endangered by the pregnancy, he left an opening for the moderate Democratic congressman Donnelly, 57, to pick up the seat.
Todd Akin says that called Claire McCaskill to concede after being defeated in the Missouri Senate race.
"I struggled with it myself for a long time, Mourdock, 61, said. "But I came to realize life is that gift from God, and I think even when life begins in that horrible situation of rape, that it is something that God intended to happen."
Donnelly's projected victory comes in a state Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney was projected to win.
Kevin Lamarque / Reuters
Campaigning with Mitt Romney and Barack Obama, voting and election results.
Mourdock later attempted to clarify his remarks, saying he did not think God intended for rape to happen, but by then Democrats were already targeting his seat. For his part, Lugar stayed out of the race and never campaigned for Mourdock.
More election coverage from NBCNews.com:
- Obama wins re-election; Ohio, Iowa, Wisconsin prove pivotal
- Democrats gain in Senate with wins in four states
- Maine's Harley-riding King vowed to 'shake up' D.C.
- In costliest-ever Senate race, Warren beats Brown for Mass. seat
- Republicans to maintain control of House, NBC News projects
- In 11 governor races, it's about jobs and taxes
- Majority of voters see American on wrong track
Follow NBC Politics on Twitter and Facebook


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Every morning, the fine folks at Sports Radio Interviews sift through the a.m. drive-time chatter to bring you the best interviews with coaches, players, and personalities across the sports landscape. Today: The Packers' all-time leading receiver will call it a career.
Donald Driver joined 95.7 the Game in San Francisco to talk about his decision to retire, what he thinks about Randy Moss saying that he is the best wide receiver ever and what he thinks about the San Francisco 49ers.
On his decision to retire:
"Today is the day I officially said I'm going to retire, but on Feb. 6, in front of our fans in Green Bay, that's where I want to do it. I'm going to open up my retirement to the fans and give them an opportunity to show my love and respect for them. It's been a blessing and great career for me, but I owe it to the fans not to wear any other color."
What he thinks of Randy Moss saying he is the best wide receiver ever:
"What defines greatness is when you hold all the records and what you mean to your fans on and off the field, because that is who ranks you as the greatest receiver of all-time. The guy that holds all the records, the guy that has set the stage for all of us, you have to give it to Jerry Rice. I think Randy would probably be No. 2, then you have Cris Carter, Tim Brown, Torry Holt, Isaac Bruce and the list goes on and on. For me, I have to give it to Jerry Rice because he is the greatest to ever play, put that uniform on and be successful at it."
What he thinks about the San Francisco 49ers:
"I would say the first week of the season, when we played them, they got after us. Offense, defense and special teams, all around they played the best game they could play and we knew we were going to have to meet up with them down the road. Didn't know when, and then we ended up meeting them in the second round of the playoffs and they played amazing. (Colin) Kaepernick played his best game he's ever played probably in his career, and to rush for 180 yards against a great defense we had, we gave up a lot of plays and we made a lot of mistakes on offense. We dropped a lot of balls. Then on special teams we didn't play solid - we dropped a punt, and if we catch that punt I think J (Jeremy) Ross knows that if he catches that punt, the game and the momentum shifts and it becomes us. They got momentum back and were able to take care of business."
This post, written by Chris Fedor, appears courtesy of Sports Radio Interviews. For the complete highlights of the interview, as well as audio, click here.
More from Sports Radio Interviews
• Hue Jackson doubts Ray Lewis needs any PEDs.
• Tom Crean and Indiana are looking for that No. 1 ranking again.
• The Grizzlies insist they're not just dumping salary.


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The search found 171 results in 0.01 seconds.
This research concerns the location and stability of highly racially diverse census tracts in the United States. Like some other scholars, the authors define such tracts conservatively, requiring the significant presence of at least three racialized groups. Of the approximately 65,000 tracts in the country, there were 197 highly diverse tracts in 1990 and 998 in 2010. Most were located in large metropolitan areas. Stably integrated highly diverse tracts were the exception rather than the rule.
Research on sexuality and space makes assumptions about spatial singularity: Across the landscape of different neighborhoods in the city, there is one, and apparently only one, called the gayborhood. This assumption, rooted in an enclave epistemology and theoretical models that are based on immigrant migration patterns, creates blind spots in our knowledge about urban sexualities. I propose an alternative conceptual framework that emphasizes spatial plurality.
It is now well established that the concentric zone model, developed by Ernest Burgess and elaborated by others in the Chicago School of Sociology to explain the distribution of social groups in metropolitan areas, was wrong. In the past several decades, immigrants have not only moved out of the centers of U.S. metropolitan areas, many have bypassed central cities altogether and settled directly in suburbs. Increasingly, they have done so in nontraditional gateway cities, such as those in the American South and Rustbelt, and in smaller metropolitan or nonmetropolitan areas (Singer et al.
The author uses restricted geocoded tract-level panel data (1986–2014) that span the prison boom and the acceleration of residential segregation in the United States from two cohorts of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1979 and Children and Young Adults) to study whether the association between childhood neighborhood disadvantage and adult incarceration varies by race and ethnicity. Sibling fixed-effects models suggest that exposure to childhood neighborhood disadvantage increases the likelihood of incarceration in adulthood, net of observed and unobserved adjustments.
How does immigrant generation shape Latinos' neighborhood attitudes? We extend theoretical frameworks focused on neighborhood attainment to explore how immigrant generation structures Latinos' neighborhood satisfaction, particularly with respect to neighborhood immigrant composition. Using longitudinal data from the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey, we estimate fixed-effects regression models to examine the associations between self-reported neighborhood satisfaction and changes in neighborhood immigrant composition.
Does low‐level policing increase during gentrification? If so, are police responding to increased crime, increased demand by new residents, or are they attempting to "clean up" neighborhoods marked for economic redevelopment? To address these questions, I construct a longitudinal dataset of New York City neighborhoods from 2009 to 2015. I compile data on neighborhoods' demographics, street stops, low‐level arrests, crimes, 311 calls to the police, and—using a novel measure—property values.
Urban lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) community research in sociology has largely ignored LGBTQ communities in the most common urban form: small cities. In this article, I argue that LGBTQ communities in small cities are an underexplored source of theory making about LGBTQ communities more broadly, and I highlight the ways such research enhances LGBTQ community research. I first discuss a definitional framework of LGBTQ communities in small cities. In other words, what do we mean by small cities, and what do we mean by LGBTQ communities within them?
Despite the widely hailed importance of gay bars, what we know of them comes largely from the gayborhoods of four "great cities." This paper explores the similarities of 55 lone small‐city gay bars to each other and the challenges they pose to the sexualities and urban literatures.
This article presents the case for utilizing business directories in building commercial gentrification indexes as tools for research on neighborhood change. It reviews several existing methods of capturing retail change within the growing literature, codifies them as the boutique index, the food index, and the ethnic index, and discusses methodological issues that emerge in building them.


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Can 750 writers come together to pen one novel?
Last week I reminded you about National Novel Writing Month, the annual event that encourages writers to complete an original novel in November.
Well, grammar-checking site Grammarly decided it wanted to participate in the festivities — only it would create one crowd-sourced novel penned by 750 authors.
The task is ambitious to say the least, but so far it appears to be going well. (The book is already more than 28,000 words long!) You can see an outline of the novel and learn more about the project, and you can even read what has been written so far via this Google Doc.
I must admit, the first two sentences of the novel are intriguing:
Audra plunged her hand into the water.
She wished the water wasn't so cold and slimy, but there was no way to clean the fountain without removing its magical properties.
Grammarly is billing this as the "first crowd-sourced group novel of this magnitude." If it turns out well, I'm guessing we may be seeing more like it in the future.
Keep updated on the book's progress over at grammarly.com/grammowrimo.


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got it
pg 57
i installed it, and getting the output fine. but when i gave command to print a test page , it gave an error saying:
Stopping because scheduler could not execute a filter
basically, you have to make sure that every file in /usr/lib/cups/backend and /usr/lib/cups/filter is owned by root
i used nautilus to sort file by owner.. find your way
and restart cups daemon after that
Code:sudo /etc/init.d/cups restart
Last edited by rahilm; January 12th, 2010 at 09:08 AM.
Hi! I go to print a test page, and the message "Stopping job because the scheduler could not execute a filter" comes up, and the print job is cancelled. How can this be fixed please?
sudo chown root:root /usr/lib/cups/filter
sudo chown root:root /usr/lib/cups/backend
is supposed to fix that problem, but it doesn't for me.
Have an HP F2480 (my last one was apparently broken, what would explain why all of my previous attempts were futile) now but this issue persists. It works, however, in Virtualbox, so it's not that bad.


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The survey conducted for BMO Nesbitt Burns found that 55 per cent of those recently polled in this age group say they're currently looking after children, parents, in-laws or other relatives.
About one-third of the 800 people who responded to the Pollara online poll said they are caring for a senior.
Thirty-nine per cent said they worry that the demands of a being a caregiver will have a negative impact on their financial goals, such as saving for retirement.
"There's a sense among those in the sandwich generation that they're getting squeezed and are being forced to balance a plethora of financial priorities, from paying down their mortgage to saving for their child's education to saving for retirement," Sylvain Brisebois, regional manager at BMO Nesbitt Burns, said in a statement.
"The stress that comes with caring for children and aging relatives, balancing a career and generally keeping up with daily tasks can make it hard to focus on the future and saving for retirement."
Story continues below
The study also found that those polled in this age group are behind with their savings plans. The average amount that those polled want to have save by retirement is $818,000; but the average amount that has actually been saved as of date is just $258,000. Only 40 per cent say they have a financial plan in place.
Pollara conducted the poll for BMO between July 29 and 31. The polling industry's professional body, the Marketing Research and Intelligence Association, says online surveys cannot be assigned a margin of error as they are not a random sample and therefore are not necessarily representative of the whole population.


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Spain's 'bank walk'September 5, 2012: 10:09 AM ET
Spanish banks reported a sharp drop in deposits during July, but analysts say fears of a massive capital flight from the country may be overblown.
In July, bank deposits in Spain declined by €74 billion, which is equal to about 5% of all deposits in the country, according to data from the European Central Bank.
Some analysts viewed the drop as evidence that Spanish households and businesses were frantically pulling money out of the country to avoid being stuck with pesetas if Spain is forced to seek a bailout.
According to research from Nomura Securities, the overall amount of money that flowed out of Spain in the second quarter was equal to 50% of the nation's gross domestic product.
"We are witnessing very large scale capital flight from Spain, both as foreigners are selling their Spanish holdings and as depositors in the Spanish banking sector are withdrawing deposits from the Spanish banks," the Nomura analysts wrote in a report.
Related: Why Madrid's shell game backfired
But others argued that the data on bank deposits were being misinterpreted.
Carlos Garcίa, a senior banking analyst at Societe Generale, wrote in a note to clients that much of the fall in deposits was driven by a change in regulation that caused depositors to shift money into short-term bonds, which are not counted as deposits.
After adjusting for this and other factors, Garcίa says Spanish bank deposits were essentially flat in July.
In addition, the bulk of withdrawals from Spain in July, about €44 billion, were in the "other financial institutions" category, said Christian Schulz, senior economist at Berenberg Bank.
This group is largely made up of "hot money" investors such as hedge funds, as opposed to pension funds or insurance companies, said Schulz. "This category has been quite volatile in the past," he added.
While there are signs deposit outflows may have peaked in July, Schultz said current account data have shown capital leaving Spain for several months.
"It's clearly due to the fact that Spain has economic troubles, specifically banking troubles," said Schultz. But he was reluctant to call the trend a bank run, or even a bank jog, "it's more like a bank walk," he said.
On Monday, the Bank of Spain announced plans to inject €4.5 billion into Bankia, one of the nation's leading mortgage lenders, from a fund set up by the government to recapitalize banks.
Spain has requested up to €100 billion in loans from the eurozone bailout funds to help shore up banks struggling with a mountain of bad real estate loans.
Related: One in four is unemployed in Spain
But there are signs the worst may be over as investors gradually resume buying Spanish bonds in anticipation of bold action by the ECB.
ECB president Mario Draghi is widely expected to announce details on Thursday of a bond-buying program that could provide some relief for Spain, assuming Madrid agrees to the terms.
The yield on Spain's 2-year bond fell sharply in August, suggesting that money has been flowing back in to Spain as investors anticipate a major intervention by the ECB.
In addition, investors have been scooping up shares of Spain's largest multinational banks, including Santander (SAN) and BBVA (BBVA). Overall, the benchmark stock index in Spain, the Ibex 35, rallied 10% in August.


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Aschaffenburg, the gateway to the Spessart hills, combines tradition and modernity, shopping and culture, a lively atmosphere and architectural splendour. It is also known as the Bavarian Nice because of its mild, sunny climate. Aschaffenburg is popular for its festivals and events throughout the year and for its cosy inns, stylish hotels and traditional wine taverns.
No matter where you go in Aschaffenburg, you'll be struck by a charming, friendly ambience. The many fountains add a touch of flamboyance and fun, and form part of a wider treasure trove for culturally minded visitors. Whether you're looking for high-calibre performances at the theatre, modern art at the Jesuit Church Gallery, acclaimed comedy at the Hofgarten, or historical artworks at the Cranach Centre in the Palace Museum, the town offers plenty in the way of first-class entertainment.
Where the sun shines even at night: Aschaffenburg's old quarter
One of Aschaffenburg's highlights is Theaterplatz square at the heart of the old quarter, home to probably the finest neo-classical theatre in southern Germany. The theatre, fountains, arcaded walkway and giant sundial form a striking ensemble. The sundial is particularly fascinating: a computer-generated halogen light simulates the motion of the sun so that even at night it is possible to see the shadow cast by the huge, six-metre-high rod. Johannisburg Palace, which dominates both the old quarter and the town as a whole, was built between 1605 and 1614 by the Strasbourg master architect Georg Ridinger. This Renaissance masterpiece houses the State Collections, which feature the most important Lucas Cranach collection in Europe, and a palace museum whose artworks and historical artefacts span six centuries of history. If you're in need of more light-hearted recreation, look no further than Schönbusch – a palace set amid a sprawling park, wonderfully laid out in the English style. Popular with adults and children alike, the estate has a maze, a restaurant with beer garden, playgrounds, cosy corners, miniature lakes and bridges, plus canals that are perfect for a romantic boat trip.
Culture at its best. And shopping at its finest.
Anyone with an interest in classical architecture will be captivated by the Pompeiianum, an idealised replica of a Roman villa. Commissioned by King Ludwig I of Bavaria, who was an enthusiastic patron of the arts, it is a fine testament to the 19th-century fascination with classical antiquity. Also of great interest are the museum in the former chapter house of the seminary of St. Peter and St. Alexander, and the Gentil house built by Aschaffenburg industrialist Anton Gentil in the 1920s to display his extensive art collection. And if after so much culture you fancy a spot of retail therapy, Aschaffenburg has become a shopping destination for the whole region with over 700 stores. There's simply so much to discover.
مجموعتي أزرار مفيدة لغرض التكبير في المتصفح:
تكبير: +
تصغير: +
يمكنك لدى عارض برنامج التصفح الحصول على المزيد من المساعدة من خلال النقر على الأيقونة:


text:
HARRISBURG – Gov. Tom Corbett has ordered the activation of the State Emergency Operations Center (SEOC) in anticipation of a significant winter storm that is projected to bring as much as a foot or more of heavy snow to parts of eastern Pennsylvania.
The move allows specially-trained staff from multiple state agencies to maintain an accurate awareness of the storm's status and impact, and it enables the state to more quickly respond to requests for assistance as they come in from county emergency management leaders.
"This storm is forecast to have a significant impact on a large part of the state," Corbett said. "To ensure that the commonwealth can respond quickly, I am ordering the activation of the SEOC at 8 p.m. this evening. By increasing our staffing levels early we can ensure that we have the resources necessary to best support the needs of our citizens.
"I urge those in the storm's path to make sure they are prepared if they lose power," Corbett said. "We have been working closely with the PUC and utility companies to ensure they are ready and have the recourses that they need."
The SEOC is located at the Pennsylvania Emergency Management Agency headquarters outside Harrisburg. It will initially be staffed with personnel from 15 state agencies, including the PA State Police, PA National Guard, PA Turnpike and PennDOT at 8 p.m.
They will be joined by staff from the Public Utility Commission, Fish and Boat and Game commissions, Office of Administration and departments of Agriculture, Public Welfare, Environmental Protection, Conservation and Natural Resources, Labor and Industry, General Services, Education and Health, Aging, and the American Red Cross at 10 p.m.
Citizens are urged to pay attention to local forecasts, avoid unnecessary travel and ensure they are prepared with home and vehicle emergency kits. Free, downloadable kit checklists are available online at www.ReadyPA.org.


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Transferring a domain can mean two things: switching the domain name to another registrar, or...Directory Structure
At the root of your account exists these directories: /backups /domains /mail /public_html...
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text:
Westview News
It's April and it was April Fools Day and several people were really on the ball and caught us off guard and played April fool jokes on us.
April 2nd we traveled to Gladbrook and visited the Matchstick Marvels. If you have never been there that is really neat to see. Then we went across the street to Serendipity by Deb for coffee and treats and did a little shopping.
Anna Morrison's birthday as on the 8th and she treated us with cupcakes and ice cream. Many more birthdays Anna and keep on playing cards.
On the 9th we were busy-Pastor Terry came at 10:15 for worship. Lunch was from the Corner Cafe and we did exercises at 2:00 p.m. and then it was a hot game of Skip Bo.
Bingo was played on the 10th and the 24th plus every Saturday night at 5:00 p.m.
Janet's bible study was at 2:30 p.m. on the 14th.
We were going uptown Reinbeck shopping on the 15th, but the weather was not nice, so we went on the 29th instead. Always good to do hometown shopping.
Jeralyn's School of Dance came on the 17th at 5:15 p.m. this was fun seeing their neat outfits and watching them dance. Lunch was from Morris Inn on this day.
Good Friday worship was at 10:30 a.m. with Pastors Campbell, Love and Plocher.
On Easter Sunday a lot of people were invited out to spend the day with family and friends.
Dennis Perry came to entertain us on the 22nd and since this was Earth Day, after Dennis was done, we all planted flower seeds in paper cups and repotted some plants to sell at the PEO plant sale.
Hi-Way 63 Diner was the choice for this months night on the town. What a good time and a good crowd and good food.
Sugar and Spice was not able to come and play for us this month so we cancelled our supper for the month.
We held a reception for our loyal volunteers on the 30th at 2:00 p.m. We are truly blessed by all of our volunteers that help us out at Westview. Sharon Wambold for helped us with this.
With summer vacations coming up and you are having visitors, did you know that Westview has a guest room and a couple of model rooms for rent? You should check out our prices.
May has already started out being busy and fun so we will let you know what we have been up to next month. Take care.


text:
Striving to make a difference, supporting one classroom at a time.
We've teamed up with DonorsChoose to provide money for the most important classroom projects in the country - yours!
As an educator, you have one of the most important jobs there is - shaping our children's future. But with school budgets constantly dwindling, your job becomes more and more challenging. We want to help.
We are a national sponsor of DonorsChoose, a website and nonprofit organization that connects public school teachers in need of classroom materials and experiences with individual donors who want to help. Since partnering with DonorsChoose in 2011, we've donated more than $4.4 million to projects on the website.
Want to post a project on DonorsChoose and get it funded?
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Have questions? Contact your local Horace Mann agent.
We offer free workshops to help you get funding for your classroom.
Bringing educators together: Get the latest education-related news, classroom trends, ideas for lesson plans and much more!
© 2017 Horace Mann Educators Corporation
CUSTOMER SERVICE Call 800-999-1030


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- 1 1/2 cups all purpose flour
- 1 cup sweetened shredded coconut (about 3 ounces)
- 1/2 cup powdered sugar
- 1/2 cup plus 3 tablespoons unsalted butter, room temperature
- 1 1/4 cups sugar
- 3 lemongrass stalks, bottom 4 inches only, tough outer layer removed, finely chopped (scant 1/2 cup)
- 5 tablespoons fresh lemon juice
- 3 large eggs
- 1/4 cup all purpose flour
- Powdered sugar
Recipe Preparation
Preheat oven to 350°F. Butter 13x9x2-inch metal baking pan. Using electric mixer, beat flour, coconut, powdered sugar, and 1/2 teaspoon salt in large bowl until well blended, 30 seconds. Add butter; beat on low speed until moist clumps form. Press dough onto bottom and 1/2 inch up sides of pan. Bake crust until golden (edges will be darker), about 25 minutes.
Meanwhile, place sugar and lemongrass in processor; pulse until lemongrass is finely ground, about 1 minute. Add lemon juice; process until well blended, about 30 seconds. Add eggs; process to blend, 10 to 15 seconds. Add flour and pinch of salt; pulse until smooth.
Reduce oven temperature to 325°F. Pour filling over hot crust; bake until filling is firm, 22 to 23 minutes. Cool in pan on rack.
Cut lemongrass bars lengthwise into 4 strips, then crosswise into 6 pieces. Dust bars with powdered sugar and serve.


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Colorful Kids Room Design Ideas
Planning and decorating kids room is probably one of the most popular themes in interior designing. Not all designers apply their ideas as well as their thought. For example, there are some lack of colors and the miss match during the process.
There are many important things that we have to consider before planning our decorating ideas, such as the beauty and the ergonomic aspects, comforts, and other aspects. You can apply comfortable beds and storage cabinets. It's not easy to do, especially if the room is not spacious.
That's why lots of parents are trying to solve the problem by makin g the room much more spacious. Our website offers a lot of ideas to help you. Maybe it can give you more inspiration to design your kids room.Read more »


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This is not an offer for credit and should be used for estimation purposes only based on the information you provided. You should not base your decision on this estimate alone. Title, registration, tax and other fees, and personal circumstances such as employment status and personal credit history, were not considered in the calculations.
The award-winning 4.2-liter F300 is the king of our V6's. Weighing in at 562 pounds (digital) and 551 pounds (mechanical), it's up to 73 pounds lighter than some competitors. Plus, it's up to 19 percent faster at cruise RPM*. It's easy to see why it's the top choice for offshore performance.
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text:
Gabby discusses next year, favorite present
The Iowa-trained gymnast eyes return to competition in 2013
Despite her busy schedule, Gabby Douglas plans on returning to competition in time for some major events in 2013. Douglas, who on Friday was named 2012 Associated Press Female Athlete of the year, is aiming to return to the gym this spring.
"That's what I'm definitely shooting for," she told KCCI's Scott Reister on Friday afternoon. "Just to go back in the gym and start training again. It all depends on how well I start getting back into the Olympic shape to compete in VISA, the Classic, or even the World Championships. So, we'll see."
Douglas said those are her immediate goals for the upcoming year. However, Douglas' coach, Liang Chow, told the Des Moines Register he needs to see where she's at training-wise. Either way, Douglas plans on chasing another gold in 2016.
The Iowa-trained Douglas has been making nonstop media appearances throughout the country. She is promoting her new book, participating in the Teen Choice Live Tour, and even made a cameo on one of her favorite shows, "The Vampire Diaries."
The 16-year-old also got one of the top things on her Christmas wish-list. For that, click on the video.
Follow Scott Reister @scottreister


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A group of retired NFL players says in a lawsuit that the league illegally supplied them with risky painkillers that numbed their injuries and led to medical complications.
Attorney Steven Silverman says his firm filed the lawsuit Tuesday in federal court in San Francisco.
The lawsuit takes aim at what it calls the league's culture of drug misuse. It says drugs were used to speed players' return to the field and maximize profits.
Read MoreNFL's dark cloud: The concussion lawsuit
The eight named plaintiffs include Hall of Fame defensive end Richard Dent and quarterback Jim McMahon of the 1985 Super Bowl champion Chicago Bears.
Players say they weren't told about broken bones and instead were fed pills and injections to mask pain.
Lawyers are seeking class-action status and say more than 400 plaintiffs have signed on.
—By The Associated Press


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HEYWOOD, R., MACASKILL, A. and WILLIAMS, K. (2010). Informed consent in hospital practice: health professionals' perspectives and legal reflections. Medical Law Review, 18 (2), p. 152.
WILLIAMS, K. (2010). Vicarious liability of the Roman Catholic Church for sexual abuse by a priest. Journal of professional negligence, 26, 113-117.
WILLIAMS, K. (2009). Claimant illegality as a defence to negligence: Gray v Thames Trains and others. Journal of professional negligence (2), 150-153.
WILLIAMS, K. (2009). Res ipsa loquitur still speaks. Law quarterly review, 125, 567-570.
WILLIAMS, K. (2008). Emergency services to the rescue, or not, again. Journal of personal injury law, 265-271.
WILLIAMS, K. (2008). Emergency services to the rescue? Journal of personal injury law, 202-208.
HEYWOOD, R, WILLIAMS, Kevin and MACASKILL, Ann (2008). Patient perceptions of the consent process : qualitative inquiry and legal reflection. Journal of professional negligence, 24 (2), 104-121.
WILLIAMS, K. (2007). Compensating tragedy. New law journal.
WILLIAMS, K. (2007). Litigation against English NHS ambulance services and the rule in Kent v. Griffiths. Medical law review, 15 (2), 153-175.
JOHNSON, N. C. and WILLIAMS, K. (2007). Transferring employment between the public and private sectors in the United Kingdom: acquired rights and revising TUPE. <I>, 23, 285-304.
HEYWOOD, R, MACASKILL, Ann and WILLIAMS, Kevin (2007). Medical students' perceptions of informed consent : legal reflections on clinical education. Journal of professional negligence, 23 (3), 151-164.
WILLIAMS, K. (2006). Politics, the media and refining the notion of fault: section 1 of the Compensation Act 2006. Journal of personal injury law, 347-354.
WILLIAMS, K. (2005). Legislating in the echo chamber? New law journal.
WILLIAMS, K. (2005). Abusing parents and children. Journal of professional negligence, 21, 196-203.
WILLIAMS, K. (2005). State of fear: Britain's "compensation culture" reviewed. Legal studies, 25 (3), 499-515.


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Joined: 02 Apr 2007
Posts: 2647
Posted: Wed 30 Jan 2013, 05:49
Post subject:
Of course I can see the case for combining several executables into one bundle/package -lots of packages contain more than one program. In the case of FOX there's a limited number of progs available anyway -even outside the official 'suite'. There are several ways to offer the option of which prog to run. The simplest for use with ROX is to have the menu in the right-click of the AppDir -the menu entries are created in AppInfo.xml. Then you create matching code in the AppRun which handles the chosen option. Incidentally, running the AppRun script from any terminal, script or using another program to start it (run-box of your WM, etc.) -these will all respond to the same options. Here's a snip from an AppInfo.xml which does this:
<Item label="List main packages" option="--list-main"/>
<Item label="Search Installed" option="--search"/>
The option '--list.main' or '--search' gets passed to the AppRun which then takes whatver action:
if [[ $1 == '--list-main' ]] ; then
ls -1 /var/lib/tpkg/packages |grep -v -E '(*\-devel\-*|*\-docs\-*|*\-i18n\-*)' > $PKG_LIST
xterm -title 'Pkg-Tools Main Packages' -fn $XTERM_FONT -geometry 45x40 -e "cat $PKG_LIST |less"
rm -f $PKG_LIST
elif [[ $1 == '--search' ]] ; then
SEARCHFILE=`greq -e"Search for file: "`
cd /var/lib/tpkg/packages ;
RESULT="`grep -H $SEARCHFILE$ * 2> /dev/null`"
if [[ -n $RESULT ]] ; then
exec greq -t"Search Results" -p "$RESULT"
exec greq -t"Search Results" -p "No match found!"
Did my chrome AppDir run on your system? If it did, I would still like to see the output when running the AppRun from the terminal.
You have a lotta questions -I'll try to be helpful...
# Do all libs. load to ram?
Yes, every library and program gets loaded to RAM. First, understand that the kernel does not execute any programs itself. It calls /lib/ld-linux.so.2 to do that. ld-linux is the dynamic loader. When asked to start a program for the first time, ld-linux first loads the program into RAM at an appropriate address, then looks the prog to see what symbols are in there -names of libraries the program is linked to. It then loads each of the libraries into RAM -examining each one of them for symbols and acting accordingly. It then passes these locations to the executable as it starts it.
Now, each of the libs and the program are in the RAM cache. If you stop the program all the libs and prog remain in the cache. If you *restart* the program it does not get loaded again -everything is still available in the cache. This why programs usually start faster the second time you run them.
In Puppy and other Live distro which 'run from RAM' *any running program is in two locations in RAM*. The 'run-from-RAM' has nothing to do with the above. run-from-RAM means that the main '/' file system is located in a *reserved* portion of RAM which is being treated like a hard disk. This portion of RAM is *unavailable for other use*.
When ld-linux tries to read in a file it must access the device it is on -'normally' a spinning hard disk. The file contents must be transported out of the device, over its' cable to the main bus and then sent into RAM. Of course this takes time. The reason run-from-RAM is faster is that the files are right in the RAM -where that section is being used as ramdisk. The contents must only be accessed at its' RAM address and transport over the bus (to CPU) and then loaded (over the bus again) into the cache area for use. In theory you could unload the ramdisk once everything needed was cached -but there are lots of implications and would be messy anyway.
Version-ed dirs: Any app that *writes* to /usr/share as part of its' running is doing the Wrong Thing. $HOME of course -and many times /tmp, /var/run, /var/lock. Using these 'mini-chroots' to run programs lets you completely sequester the app from your normal $HOME structure -or not. But sequestering means you can run separate versions completely apart. Everything can be written normally to $HOME, /var, wherever -or you can sequester part or all of it -using mount --bind
iso vs squashfs:
Accessing any file system will require support for that FS in the kernel -whether hard-linked in or as a module. The point is that nearly *every system* (except for embedded, maybe) will support CD's, right? But every other file system may or may not be there -very few systems run with support for every possible FS you could use. FAT might be jast as ubiquitous or more. But we can't use that for OS files anyway. One disadvantage of squashfs or other compressed FS is that even more RAM will be used temporarily to decompress the file. So, while loading the file you have one copy (compressed) in the RAM disk, a partial copy in RAM (being decompressed) and a partial copy (uncompressed) in the cache!
Using compressed FS requires more total RAM than using a non-compressed FS. Plus, decompression takes time -another trip down the bus abd back...
"If we could only configure apps" -Of course we can! Roll your own, configured as needed -patching where needed. There is *no* getting around this, sooner or later.
"Any tools for working with AppPkgs would also be AppPkgs" chicken vs. egg -again. The first one still has to be built using some other method. I think you need to separate the product from the process -if only to more clear to your users. If the product is to be AppPkg, then let the softwsre used to create them called AppPkgCreator or whatever. How else will you tell your users... You must install AppPkg in order to create AppPkgs. But you can use AppPkgs without having AppPkg installed. But you need AppPkg installed in order to install AppPkg -wasn't this supposed to be all about using software but not having to install it?
The directions to the user which I like:
1. Download the archive of the AppDir you want to use.
2. Unpack it anywhere you like.
3. Click on the icon to start the program -or first choose from startup options by right-clicking the icon.
# 3 assumes the user uses ROX-Filer (or other AppRun-aware file mgr.) Other wise the user must start the app using the path to the AppRun -and any options you were providing in the ROX right-click must be offered or handled using some other interface. BTW, gtkdialog is a bad choice because it is rarely available on non-Puppy distros.
The product should be that easy to use -most of the time anyway. But that implies a huge body of work behind the scenes to create those AppDirs.
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Joined: 02 Apr 2007
Posts: 2647
Posted: Wed 30 Jan 2013, 05:51
Post subject:
"LD_LIBRARY_PATH problem" Do you mean trying to use LD_LIBRARY_PATH inside a fakeroot chroot?
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Joined: 08 Jun 2005
Posts: 5089
Location: Arizona, U.S.A.
Posted: Wed 30 Jan 2013, 06:21
Post subject:
Hey amigo; I had tested earlier today, watched movies tonight with my girl friend, Love Potion #9 ( not too bad...).
What I found was the same that jrb ( I think ) did with ChoicePup. LD_LIB stops working ( not in chroot ).
I had to add the path to /etc/ld.so.conf and run ldconfig for the app. to run. I`ve not seen this before.
Some kind of Puppy / Linux flaw that pops up. But what are the controlling circumstances?
It`s 3:00 am here, I`m ready for some shut eye. Tomorrow I`ll have the time to run and test your build.
I didn`t even read your upper long post, that I`ll do with my morning coffee.
Girl friends day off, so... I`ll let you know how it goes.
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Joined: 20 Jul 2010
Posts: 5834
Location: Republic of Novo Zelande
Posted: Wed 30 Jan 2013, 06:53
Post subject:
Of course I can see the case for combining several executables into one bundle/package
Is there any value in trying to group apps according to which libs they require? eg: creating a "group-static" that is clustered around common libs. Any ram/cpu saving in such an idea? (No point NOT having an app on your system if it creates no extra overhead to have it there...)
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Joined: 02 Apr 2007
Posts: 2647
Posted: Wed 30 Jan 2013, 09:49
Post subject:
"Is there any value in trying to group apps according to which libs they require?" See the package structure here:
The source tree looks similar:
There the source tarballs are right inside the dirs with the build scripts, etc. But, for KISS-5 I have the sources all in a separate directory -so you can also get a quick alphabetical list of the sources. It's what you call the filesystem as a database -after all filesystems *are* databases.
That said, it doesn't resolve things at all, as far as run-time dependency resolution. And neither will some web--page listing, master-list or any probability statistics. the only thing that matters is making exactly the right library available. This is nearly always the *same* one that was used when the program was configured, compiled and linked. If you are using pre-compiled binaries the only way to know *exactly which of these libs are the correct ones.
Again, a master list will not really do the job -each package should contain the information which leads you to those exact libs. Usually the package does not contain the repo info. Any pkg mgr will combine your settings for repo URL, plus the path/name of the needed lib/prog -of course real integrity here implies that the library package come from the same repo where the program package came from -or from some assumed availability base. The very same libs from the very same tool-chain with the same original configuration, options and mix of software installed at the time the program was built. That is the One and Only way to be absolutely sure that a program will run.
How you can assure that is the whole problem. And every choice you make about how you do that has advantages and disadvantages or limitations. Using such a chroot method one could access a completely different OS to run that program with -only the running kernel would be, bypassing *all* system libs.
Of course, you can also hard-link all the libs and proggie together -but that makes creating deliverables really, really tedious. Lots of things really won't compile completely static without *lots* of work. The chroot method allows you to use stuff normally -if you need extra libs or newer versions of something you simply include the normal lib in your bundle -the layering order of the union takes care of that.
"no extra overhead" -there's always the overhead of having something somewhere -on disk or whatever. Of course, you could even create something really tiny, which connects to the net to an iso image somewhere and over-the-net mounts that iso and makes them ther' libs seem like they really are on your machine -and they don't even use any RAM until ld-linux loads *straight into the cache*.
You could make this tiny thing be completely self-contained so that it would not even need unpacking in order to use it. : An executable self-extractor stub with a payload which is unpacked and a script/command executed. Just download it, click it (from *any file mgr*) and the program runs -fully sequestered from anything else on your system in its own 'sandbox'. I *have* created such executables. But it is a rather complex job to do and *they are still mostly achitecture dependent -a bundle made for an ARM machine won't run on an intel machine, etc.
Now, maybe you begin to see how big the problems are -the easier you want to make it for your user, the more complex is your job. Maintaining even a handful of packages/bundles can mean *lots* of work. Doing them manually becomes impossible -you can only create more by using a very good system for creating them.
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Joined: 08 Jun 2005
Posts: 5089
Location: Arizona, U.S.A.
Posted: Wed 30 Jan 2013, 17:06
Post subject:
Hi greengeek; My thinking exactly. As amigo said, the Fox libraries are not very commonly used.
So my Xfe + Fox suite AppPkg bundle has the libs. inside it and shares them. This is good bundling.
I would think similar apps. like media would have many specialized libs. that they commonly use.
So putting them inside a media bundled AppPkg saves space and the apps. have the correct libs.
I thought about a "cloud" based O.S., but currently there`s no "web boot" method that I know of.
Currently the user downloads kernel and initrd.gz to boot from, and it`d connect to the "web drive".
This is a "cloud O.S.", not just "cloud apps.". Not the best setup, relies on fast internet to work at all.
amigo; Sorry about the delay, partnerships must be maintained or lost.
I was able to post when my girl friend stopped browsing Russian news ( she`s from St. Petersburg ).
Build 2 does the same thing, VT output:
sh-4.1# ./AppRun
getopt: unrecognized option '--version'
BusyBox v1.17.2 (2011-05-01 08:45:38 GMT-8) multi-call binary.
Usage: getopt [OPTIONS]
-a,--alternative Allow long options starting with single -
-l,--longoptions=longopts Long options to be recognized
-n,--name=progname The name under which errors are reported
-o,--options=optstring Short options to be recognized
-q,--quiet Disable error reporting by getopt(3)
-Q,--quiet-output No normal output
-s,--shell=shell Set shell quoting conventions
-T,--test Test for getopt(1) version
-u,--unquoted Don't quote the output
getopt: invalid option -- '-'
getopt: invalid option -- 'n'
getopt: invalid option -- 'o'
getopt: invalid option -- '-'
getopt: invalid option -- 'a'
getopt: invalid option -- 'n'
getopt: invalid option -- 'd'
getopt: invalid option -- 'b'
getopt: invalid option -- 'o'
getopt: invalid option -- 'x'
fakechroot [-l|--lib fakechrootlib] [-s|--use-system-libs]
[-e|--environment type] [-c|--config-dir directory]
[--] [command]
fakechroot -v|--version
fakechroot -h|--help
### $? = 1
It`s the same with or without: 2>/dev/null at the end of the false-chroot command.
Thanks for the lib. tutoral, I knew much of it but didn`t know if some libs. were loaded differently.
I noticed quite a few folks are following this thread, so I`m sure many find the info. interesting.
I`ve said for a long time that loading any Puppy Sq. files into ram just doubles the ram used.
And copying Puppy files to ram only to have them swapped back to the HD is just plain stupid.
I didn`t know extra ram`s used for the extraction, I figured it was directly read as it`s extracted.
This would be a "live image file" if the kernel extracted each instruction into it`s cache and ran it.
But just dumping the file from inside the Sq. file into ram anyway, then it`s not really a "live" file.
An interesting experiment I did was to copy a large file from inside a Sq. file to a partition, and
then copy the same file from partition to partition, the Sq. file copy is
faster ( slow HD ).
A ram copy test goes so fast it`s hard to tell any difference, but Sq. should be quicker here also.
Tests for mount and link speed on a partition vs using them in ram ( /tmp ) ran too fast also.
Versions: If the r-w union dir. is unique for $HOME and for the app. version being run, that`ll fix it.
I`d only contemplated using $HOME for labeling the r-w dir. So like:
### Thoughts on differences between having mounts and links on a partition or in ram ( /tmp ).?
Ram is faster as no drives are accessed I think.? And no wear and tear on the physical drives too.
A lot of my Qs I already have an idea about, but I value your input.
These Qs usually are base engineering concepts for designing O.S.s and apps.
I have ideas for "big industry" items that I`ll probably never be able to realize.
Automobiles, Housing, Aircraft, and Computers. All beyond my abilities to do much about.
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Joined: 02 Apr 2007
Posts: 2647
Posted: Thu 31 Jan 2013, 04:15
Post subject:
Damned BusyBox! I don't like it a bit. So, you need to go through each command that's being run by AppDir, run something similar maually and see which one is crapping out. Possible clue:
getopt: invalid option -- 'n'
getopt: invalid option -- 'o'
getopt: invalid option -- '-'
getopt: invalid option -- 'a'
getopt: invalid option -- 'n'
getopt: invalid option -- 'd'
getopt: invalid option -- 'b'
getopt: invalid option -- 'o'
getopt: invalid option -- 'x'
See no-andbox? Perhaps you have accidentally deleted an 's' there -check the option after google-chrome. But, I'm puzzled as to why busbox is complaining. Have you changed to shebang to /bin/sh perhaps -Bad Boy, if so. When the shebang says /bin/bash then that means it is written for bash and 'sh' will not work -especially if it's busybox's sh.
Accessing anything in RAM will always be faster than accessing a spinning disk or anything connected by a cable -even if only reading or checking the existence, perms of something. For a single access you'd have trouble measuring the difference. Only when doing lots of accesses can you see/fell the diff. Of course actually reading a file will involve lots of transactions -ask for a file, egt one block, confirm you received the block, ask for another... and so on.
For me, speed is not everything and neither is size -I want stuff that works like it's supposed to every time and can be built/maintained easily.
When you use a compressed file system, the files are transported to the CPU in a compressed state and must be de-compressed to make them usuable. For compressed filesystems this may occur in a fairly direct fashion, but each chunk must be de-compressed -causing extra work, In the case of executables compressed using upx, the file is actually de-compressed to a file in /tmp, then executed/loaded and after waiting abit is removed.
Making things small does not necessarily make them faster -in fact when you enable faster routines it usually means extra code in the executable.
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Joined: 08 Jun 2005
Posts: 5089
Location: Arizona, U.S.A.
Posted: Thu 31 Jan 2013, 04:40
Post subject:
I`m aware enough not to change things I don`t understand...
I`ve used: #!/root/bacon and even used my own scripts for shebang.
The parts you asked about are intact, no reason to change them at all.
### The only thing I did to your script ( --no-sandbox is correct ):
#fakechroot chroot $UNION /usr/bin/google-chrome --no-sandbox 2> /dev/null
fakechroot chroot $UNION /usr/bin/google-chrome --no-sandbox
echo "### $?"
I did test the unionfs-fuse and fusermount and found they`re working.
From fusermount on it really doesn`t matter, it fails before that.
And these lines it`s hard to see how they could go wrong.
# Both the write directory and the mount-point for the union need
# to be writable by the user and, at best, should be unique to this app
mkdir -p $READ_WRITE
mkdir -p $UNION
# we need to know where this AppDir is to find the 'app' directory
HERE=$(dirname $0)
That`s the whole script, there`s only the union mount before it fails. It works except the fakechroot command. Can`t figure it out.
I`m not sure why it shows getopt help, other than it`s in fakechroot. The only variable for fakechroot is $UNION, and it`s good.
I don`t like BusyBox, it`s a legacy item and not needed anymore. Puppy already uses the real binaries for many /bin commands.
This is because it was never compiled for Puppy ( tool chain again...). Why not just replace BusyBox commands with the real ones?
LD_LIBRARY_PATH update. After messing with it I started using ld.so.conf It worked of course, as jrb had found out.
Then I tried the old LD_LIBRARY_PATH version again and it was working.!!! ( now it works, and now it doesn`t ).
When ld.so.conf updates the cache with ldconfig it fixes something. ldconfig didn`t help LD_LIBRARY_PATH
There`s something very fishy with LD_LIBRARY_PATH that the web warns about. I`ll probably stick with ld.so.conf
BUT... I`m really curious as to what the conditions are that make LD_LIBRARY_PATH fail and then work again.
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Joined: 02 Apr 2007
Posts: 2647
Posted: Thu 31 Jan 2013, 11:26
Post subject:
I think I see where the fakechroot problem is:
# fakechroot
# Script which sets fake chroot environment
Try change that to /bin/bash. Then, if you wanna find out where/why the error is happening, look further down (line 47):
getopttest=`getopt --version`
case $getopttest in
# GNU getopt
opts=`getopt -q -l lib: -l use-system-libs -l config-dir: -l environment -l version -l help -- +l:sc:e:vh "$@"`
# POSIX getopt ?
opts=`getopt l:sc:e:vh "$@"`
From the original error message:
getopt: unrecognized option '--version'
See, it's being run by busybox shell. This is why it's such a bad idea to have anything besides bash as /bin/sh -unless you want to always be sanitizing/re-writing other peoples shell scripts. I don't use getopts at all, but just because I hate it... Anyway, you could play with that code there to adapt it to busybox's getopt(and any other systax problems). In this case, fakechroot is a debian program, so /bin/sh will be pointing to */bin/dash*, not /bin/bash. BTW, busybox 'ash' shell doesn't always match other shell syntax for 'ash' -in fact, there are 3 or 4 distinct versions of ah around...
Or, you could change your /bin/sh link to point to /bin/bash -although it would not surprise me if this didn't break a few things in Puppy. Still, there's lots of code out there which uses /bin/sh shebang, but actually contains bashisms.
Okay, about losing LD_LIBRARY_PATH. You are probably not getting it exported/passed to the end binary program. If you have a script which sets LD_LIBRARY_PATH, but does not export it, then it is not even available to whatever your script calls. And if, in fact, your script is actually calling another script or wrapper, then it will also need to be exporting it -it has to be available at the time ld-linux.so.2 is called to run the program.
About LD_LIBRARY_PATH being 'evil'. There is nothing wrong with it at all. It's just a handy way to override the normal library paths.
"something very fishy with LD_LIBRARY_PATH" I'm pretty sure you mean LD_PRELOAD which is different. It lets you override not library paths, but functions themselves. Again, of itself it does no harm. Any Bad Things which could come about, would come from the library which is preloaded. It is easy to use, so it comes with some safety features -setuid programs will not be executed at all, etc. To disable LD_PRELOAD, I think you'd need to patch/recompile glibc, which I know you wouldn't want to do.
Anyway, LD_PRELOAD is used by lots of handy tools, like src2pkg, install/checkinstall, fakechroot, fakeroot and nearly every other sandbox/jail implementation.
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Joined: 08 Jun 2005
Posts: 5089
Location: Arizona, U.S.A.
Posted: Fri 01 Feb 2013, 02:07
Post subject:
Some success... After fiddling with it awhile I got the errors to change.
/usr/bin/google-chrome: line 17: /dev/null: Permission denied
[25890:25890:0131/222056:ERROR:resource_bundle.cc(543)] Failed to load /mnt/sda3/apps/bin/chrome.pak
Some features may not be available.
[25890:25890:0131/222056:ERROR:resource_bundle.cc(543)] Failed to load /mnt/sda3/apps/bin/chrome_100_percent.pak
Some features may not be available.
[25890:25890:0131/222057:ERROR:chrome_browser_main_extra_parts_gtk.cc(51)] Startup refusing to run as root.
### 1
It`s trying to find the .pak files in the dir. where fakechroot was at. So I moved it to the chrome run files dir.
Also the same error refusing to run as root. I fixed it with the proper command argument for chrome.
And the error for permission denied for /dev/null. Puppy`s /dev/null has permissions: Read=All, Write=All, Exec=None.
I know I could change it, but couldn`t we just provide our own in the package ( self-supported ) so there`s no problem?
The next run got these errors:
/usr/bin/google-chrome: line 17: /dev/null: Permission denied
Failed to open /dev/null
[25611:25633:0201/000224:ERROR:bus.cc(307)] Failed to connect to the bus: Failed to connect to socket /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket: Connection refused
[25611:25633:0201/000224:ERROR:bus.cc(307)] Failed to connect to the bus: Failed to connect to socket /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket: Connection refused
[25611:25611:0201/000225:ERROR:resource_bundle.cc(543)] Failed to load /mnt/sda3/apps/bin/chrome.pak
Some features may not be available.
[25611:25611:0201/000225:ERROR:resource_bundle.cc(543)] Failed to load /mnt/sda3/apps/bin/chrome_100_percent.pak
Some features may not be available.
### 6
Same null error of course, but chrome`s not refusing to run as root. Don`t know why the .pak file errors now.
The /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket is there, maybe a permission problem also?
And now it ends with an error code of: 6. I think I`m close, but it`s gone into territory I`m unfamiliar with.
Except for the null permission thing., this last set of errors look to be all fakechroot problems.
Here`s what I did to your AppRun script to get it this far:
# Make dir. for Chrome user settings.
mkdir -p $PROFILE
# Change dir. into the union and the Chrome files dir. ( fakechroot is there ).
cd $UNION/opt/google/chrome
# chroot into the union mount and execute the desired program
#fakechroot chroot $UNION /usr/bin/google-chrome --no-sandbox 2> /dev/null
fakechroot chroot $UNION /usr/bin/google-chrome --no-sandbox --user-data-dir=$PROFILE --disk-cache-size=20971520
echo "### $?"
The rest of the script is the original. So close, yet so far.
# I hope this can give a solid reliable method for us to base AppPkg on, it`d getting complex.
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Joined: 02 Apr 2007
Posts: 2647
Posted: Fri 01 Feb 2013, 11:26
Post subject:
"/dev/null: Permission denied" Sunds like the original problem when trying to use real chroot. 'mount -o bind...' could fix that but for me simply using fakechroot took care of all those access problems.
"Failed to load /mnt/sda3/apps/bin/chrome.pak" I haven't seen that at all. I do, however, get the same dbus errors 'system_bus_socket: Connection refused' as you reported before.
I'm afraid this is all wrong:
# Make dir. for Chrome user settings.
mkdir -p $PROFILE
# Change dir. into the union and the Chrome files dir. ( fakechroot is there ).
cd $UNION/opt/google/chrome
# chroot into the union mount and execute the desired program
#fakechroot chroot $UNION /usr/bin/google-chrome --no-sandbox 2> /dev/null
fakechroot chroot $UNION /usr/bin/google-chrome --no-sandbox --user-data-dir=$PROFILE --disk-cache-size=20971520
Do not CD into the union directory, nor should fakechroot be there. fakechroot must run from the 'real' system. And it takes care of cd'ing into the union directory to start the command you want. You should not cd into a dir and then run fakechroot $PWD. As you see, my AppRun provides a separate location for the union mount. If you try to use '.' or $PWD in the unionfs-fuse or fakechroot commands, then you can get a hung umount when leaving the chroot. When you start fakechroot don't use the current directory. You actually are starting fakechroot from a subdir of the union.
"cd $UNION/opt/google/chrome"
This means you have 'installed' the chrome stuff into your union already?? The whole idea is to use the unionfs layering to set that up -there really should be nothing in the union mount dir before you start the union. You need four locations to work with, the RW dir, the app dir- a subdir of the toplevel AppDir is the logical place for this (where chrome should be), then you need '/' (or parts of it) and the union dir itself. the RW abd union dirs should be in $HOME for users to be able to use the setup.
I guess you are doing this because you want to include fakechroot right inside your App. That's fine too, both it and unionfs-fuse could be loacted inside -but place them in the toplevel next to the AppRun script and call them from there (from the AppDir):
./unionfs-fuse ...
./fakechroot ...
"it`d(sic) getting complex" Hmmm, my src2pkg has well over 10,000 lines of code, so a few (dozen) commands don't scare me a bit... we've not done any error checking/handling yet, either, and as I said, misuse of either unionfs-fuse or fakechroot can leave hanging mounts/umounts which can sometimes only be undone by re-booting!
For me, it's useful to tackle a 'hard customer' like chrome first, but you might do better to take on some simpler-running programs at first so you can see how things should and do work. Create some chroots manually, the fakechroot into them manually and run some commands, like 'pwd' 'which goggle-chrome', etc. And, at the same time examine some of the sub-mount points which Puppy has lots of. BTW, the existing aufs mount and link structure used by Puppy would, expectedly, cause you some extra grief. Basically, any sub-mount of the real '/' needs to be mount binded under the same locations under the union dir before starting fakechroot.
Also, if you do not want complete sequestration of any writes, then you need to bind your $HOME to $union/home/user -but this will destroy the ability to have every single file sequestered which is created under the chroot(-useful for multi versions of programs). Course, as part of cleanup after the union is unmounted, you could move sequested items into you $HOME. You will also need to clean up some temp items from the RW area, like files under /tmp and /var -leaving them in place could prevent startup of the program next time.
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Joined: 08 Jun 2005
Posts: 5089
Location: Arizona, U.S.A.
Posted: Fri 01 Feb 2013, 13:45
Post subject:
I thought that fakechroot had to be with the .pak files, but putting unionfs-fuse there did the trick.
I moved fusermount and fakechroot to /GoogleChromeApp, and unionfs-fuse to /GoogleChromeApp/app/opt/google/chrome.
HERE=$(dirname $0)
$HERE/app/opt/google/chrome/unionfs-fuse -o nonempty -o allow_root -o cow $READ_WRITE=RW:$HERE/app=RO:/=RO $UNION
# Make dir. for Chrome user settings.
mkdir -p $PROFILE
$HERE/fakechroot chroot $UNION /usr/bin/google-chrome --no-sandbox --user-data-dir=$PROFILE --disk-cache-size=20971520
echo "### $?"
$HERE/fusermount -u -z $UNION
No errors for it trying to find the "fuses" and fakechroot. # And now the .pak file errors are gone.
[12800:12800:0201/105242:ERROR:master_preferences.cc(104)] Failed to read master_preferences file at /mnt/sda3/AppPkg/build/CreateChromeAppDir-0.2/GoogleChromeApp/app/opt/google/chrome/master_preferences. Falling back to default preferences.
/mnt/sda3/AppPkg/build/CreateChromeAppDir-0.2/GoogleChromeApp/fakechroot: line 144: 12800 Aborted env LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$paths" LD_PRELOAD="$lib" "$@"
### 134
Only one file not found. Same as the .pak files, it`s looking in the AppPkg dir. and not in the union where it should be looking.
But it falls back to the default preferences file, so it doesn`t seem like it would stop it from running.
And I tried changing the permissions for /dev/null, it didn`t make any difference, still the same error.
It looks like fakechroot is still struggling to work properly. I`m beginning to think that Puppy`s to blame for some of this.
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Joined: 02 Apr 2007
Posts: 2647
Posted: Sat 02 Feb 2013, 03:36
Post subject:
fakechroot: line 144: 12800 Aborted env LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$paths" LD_PRELOAD="$lib" "$@"
That doesn't look good at all. I still think that all the accessories should be outside of the union.
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Joined: 08 Jun 2005
Posts: 5089
Location: Arizona, U.S.A.
Posted: Sun 03 Feb 2013, 01:34
Post subject:
Okay, took all the exec. files out of any app., write, or union dirs.
I`ve been trying to get Geeqie to work this way.
sh-4.1# env: can't execute 'geeqie_1.0-10_i386/geeqie_1.0-10_i386.u': Permission denied
Unionfs-fuse command ( $uFS = lib. and app. dirs. ):
./unionfs-fuse -o cow,allow_other $Pkg/$Pkg.w=RW:$uFS:/=RO $Pkg/$Pkg.u
The union dir. has the write, lib, and app. dirs. all appearing in it.
Failure comes at fakechroot, the union won`t allow it to exec.
So damn odd because xMahjongg has no problem with chroot.
I tried union mounting on / ( bad idea ), there`s a nonempty option.
But all it does is to mount over it`s contense just like regular mount does.
# If only mount had the option: mount -o transparent
# You know that unionfs-fuse has it`s own chroot option don`t you?
Tried using it but no go. There`s so few examples to follow.
This seems to be close to working, I spent the night Googling but no help.
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Joined: 08 Jun 2005
Posts: 5089
Location: Arizona, U.S.A.
Posted: Sun 03 Feb 2013, 13:18
Post subject:
Update: Finally found a web page with the same error type. The reply said the /etc/fuse.conf file needed a line in it.
# Set the maximum number of FUSE mounts allowed to non-root users.
# The default is 1000.
#mount_max = 1000
# Allow non-root users to specify the 'allow_other' or 'allow_root' mount options.
I uncommented the bottom line as specified. No change, same error...
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