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Software Engineer
£40,000 - £75,000 + Benefits
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As a global leader in the retail industry they generate tons of data and are constantly discovering new ways to manipulate mass data sets to understand their customers and optimise every aspect of their experience.
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As a Software Engineer, you can expect to be working with a small team of like-minded individuals on an endless amount of data. You will ideally be a Software Engineer with a passion for Data and an eagerness to learn.
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£475 - £525 per day
6 month Contract Financial Services AWS and Kubernetes £500.day (Outside IR35) Remote
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This is a Lead DevOps Engineer position for one of Europe's leading Fintech start-ups who use advanced analytics to assist their global customers.
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Hands-on Lead DevOps role which offers cutting-edge technologies and planning their strategy.
£50000 - £60000 per annum
Data Engineer £50-60k
With over 10 years experience working solely in the Data & Analytics sector our consultants are able to offer detailed insights into the industry.
Visit our Blogs & News portal or check out our recent posts below.
Data Engineers are the architects of Data. They lay the foundation businesses use to collect, gather, store, and make Data usable. Each iteration of the Data as it moves along the pipeline is cleaned and analysed to be used by Data professionals for their reports and Machine Learning models. A ROLE IN HIGH DEMAND Even as businesses reopen, reassess, and for some, remain remote, the demand for Data Engineers is high. Computer applications, Data modelling, prediction modelling, Machine Learning, and more need Data professionals to lay the groundwork to help businesses benefit in today's Data-driven culture. The word gets thrown around a bit, but when the majority of business has moved online, Data-driven is the name of the game. Having a Data plan, a Data team, and all aligned with your business strategy is imperative to the way business is done today. This type of innovation can offer insight for better business decisions, enhance customer engagement, and improve customer retention without missing a beat. Without Data Engineers, Data Scientists can't do their jobs. Understanding the amount of Data, the speed at which is delivered, and its variety need Engineers to create reliable and efficient systems. Like many Data professional jobs, even still in 2020, Data Engineers are in high demand. Yet a skills shortage remains. This has created an emerging field of professionals from other backgrounds who are looking to take on the role of Data Engineer and fill the gap. Whether by necessity or design, these individuals build and manage pipelines, automate projects, and see their projects through to the end result. CAREER OPPORTUNITIES OUTSIDE THE NORM As this growing trend emerges, it has created career opportunities for those with experience outside the normal channels of Data Engineering study. While it might involve individuals from backgrounds such as software Engineering, Databases, or something similarly IT-related, some businesses are upskilling their employees with talent. Rapid growth, reskilling, upskilling, and ever-constant changes still leave businesses with a shortage of Data Engineers to meet the demand. It's critical to fill the gap for success. According to LinkedIn's 2020 Emerging Jobs Report, Data Engineering is listed in the top 10 of jobs experiencing growth. THREE STEPS TOWARDS BECOMING A DATA ENGINEER This is a vital role in today's organisations. So, if you're in the tech industry and want to take a deeper dive into Data as a Data Engineer, what steps can you take? This is a time like no other. There's time to assess your goals, take online classes, and get hands on with projects. Though having a base of computer science, mathematics, or business-related degree is always a good start. Be well-versed in such popular programming languages such as SQL, Python, R, Hadoop, Spark, and Amazon Web Services (AWS).Prepare for an entry-level role once you have your bachelor's degree.Consider additional education to stay ahead of the curve. This can include not only professional certifications, but higher education degrees as well. The more experience, hands-on as well as academic, you have the more in demand you'll be as a Data Engineer. Data scientists might be the rockstars of Data, but Data Engineers set the stage. As business processes have shifted online, looking for your next job has become more daunting than ever before. If you're looking for your next opportunity in Data, take a look at our current jobs or get in touch with one of our expert consultants to find out more.
25. June 2020
We recently spoke Nisha Iyer, Head of Data Science, and Nupur Neti, a Data Scientist from Data Society. Founded in 2014, Data Society consult and offer tailored Data Science training for businesses and organisations across the US. With an adaptable back-end model, they create training programs that are not only tailored when it comes to content, but also incorporate a company's own Data to create real-life situations to work with. However, recently they've been looking into another area: toilet paper. Following mass, ill-informed, stock-piling as countries began to go into lockdown, toilet paper became one of a number of items that were suddenly unavailable. And, with a global pandemic declared, Data Society were one of a number of Data Science organisations who were looking to help anyway they could. "When this Pandemic hit, we began thinking how could we help?" says Iyer. "There's a lot of ways Data Scientists could get involved with this but our first thought was about how people were freaking out about toilet paper. That was the base of how we started, as kind of a joke. But then we realised we already had an app in place that could help." The app in question began life as a project for the World Central Kitchen (WCK), a non-profit who help support communities after natural disasters occur. With the need to go out and get nutritionally viable supplies upon arriving at a new location, WCK teams needed to know which local grocery stores had the most stock available. "We were working with World Central Kitchen as a side project. What we built was an app that supposed to help locate resources during disasters. So we already had the base done." The app in question allows the user to select their location and the products they are after. It then provides information on where you can get each item, and what their nutritional values are, with the aim of improving turnaround time for volunteers. One of the original Data Scientists, Nupur Neti, explained how they built the platform: "We used a combination of R and Python to build the back-end processing and R Shiny to build the web application. We also included Google APIs that took your location and could find the closest store to you. Then, once you have the product and the sizes, we had an internal ranking algorithm which could rank the products selected based on optimisation, originally were based on nutritional value." The team figured that the same technology could help in the current situation, ranking based on stock levels rather than nutritional value. With an updated app, Iyer notes "People won't have to go miles and stand in lines where they are not socially distancing. They'll know to visit a local grocery store that does have what they need in stock, that they've probably not even thought of before." However, creating an updated version presented its own challenges. Whereas the WCK app utilised static Data, this version has to rely on real-time Data. Unfortunately this isn't as easy to come by, as Iyer knows too well: "When we were building this for the nutrition app we reached out to groceries stores and got some responses for static Data. Now, we know there is real-time Data on stock levels because they're scanning products in and out. Where is that inventory though? We don't know." After putting an article out asking for help finding live Data, crowdsourcing app OurStreets got in touch. They, like Data Society, were looking to help people find groceries in short supply. But, with a robust front and back-end in place, the app already live, and submissions flying in across the States, they were looking for a Data Science team who could make something of their findings. "We have the opportunity," says Iyer "to take the conceptual ideas behind our app and work with OurStreets robust framework to create a tool that could be used nationwide." Before visiting a store, app users select what they are looking for. This allows them to check off what the store has against their expectations, as well as uploading a picture of what is available. They can also report on whether the store is effectively practising social distancing. Neti explains, that this Data holds lots of possibilities for their Data Science team: "Once we take their Data, our system will clean any submitted text using NLP and utilise image recognition on submitted pictures using Deep Learning. This quality Data, paired with the Social Distancing information, will allow us to gain better insights into how and what people are shopping for. We'll then be able to look at trends, see what people are shopping for and where. Ultimately, it will also allow us to make recommendations as to where people should then go if they are looking for a product." In addition to crowdsourced information, Data Society are still keen to get their hands on any real-time Data that supermarkets have to offer. If you know where they could get their hands on it, you can get in touch with their team. Outside of their current projects, Iyer remains optimistic for the world when it emerges from the current situation: "Things will return to normal. As dark a time as this is, I think it's going to exemplify why people need to use Artificial Intelligence and Data Science more. If this type of app is publicised during the Coronavirus, maybe more people will understand the power of what Data and Data Science can do and more companies that are slow adaptors will see this and see how it could be helpful to their industry." If you want to make the world a better place using Data, we may have a role for you, including a number of remote opportunities. Or, if you're looking to expand and build out your team with the best minds in Data, get in touch with one of expert consultants who will be able to advise on the best remote and long-term processes.
14. April 2020


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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Another blow to the Browns.
http://www.cbs.sportsline.com/nfl/story/9574048BEREA, Ohio -- Stretched out on a flatbed cart, LeCharles Bentley covered his face with a towel to hide his disappointment and tears.
This wasn't the homecoming he had planned.
His first season with the Cleveland Browns ended before it began.
Bentley, a two-time Pro Bowl center and one of the team's prized free agent signings this winter, sustained a season-ending injury to his left knee Thursday in the first 11-on-11 drill of training camp. The loss is a crushing blow for a club that has been cursed by major injuries the past few seasons but has improved its roster and has high hopes for 2006.
"He was the face of our free agent class," general manager Phil Savage said. "We feel terrible for LeCharles, but life goes on."
Savage said Bentley tore his patellar tendon and will undergo surgery as early as Friday. Savage declined to say if Bentley's tear was partial or complete and would not speculate on a time frame for recovery.


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NEWS- Mall crossing: Lewis demands recuse, crossing opponents lose
It appears the second Downtown Mall crossing is a done deal, though what it will look like, what it will cost, and where it will be appears open for discussion. In a drama that has been playing itself out for over a year and a half, ever since City Council overturned the wishes of its Planning Commission with an experimental crossing at 4th street, Commission members provided a closing act that did not disappoint.
At close to midnight on Tuesday, December 12, a noticeably punchy Commission agreed in a 4-3 vote that a second crossing was consistent with the goals of the Comprehensive Plan. But not before Commissioner Cheri Lewis, her voice quavering with emotion, began the proceedings with a demand that fellow Commissioners who had publicly "lobbied" against the crossing and had "openly criticized" Council's 3-2 approval earlier this year, recuse themselves.
The Commission originally nixed the crossing in January 2006, but was overruled by City Council that same year with a vote for an experimental crossing, and again when Council voted to make a crossing permanent in June 2007. However, recent changes in the Comprehensive Plan required the Commission to revisit the issue.
"If some commissioners are prejudging the issue," asked Lewis, citing specific emails between Commissioners, "how can they be impartial?"
Almost immediately, Commission chair Mike Farruggio, as well as his colleagues Jason Pearson and Commission chair Bill Lucy revealed themselves as those Lewis was calling out.
"I believe Ms. Lewis is misinterpreting this," said Pearson, explaining what he had written in his emails. "I was not expressing an opinion that Council made a mistake, I was acknowledging that they may have, based on information that I had received."
Prior to the meeting, Commissioner Farruggio had sent a letter to Council and his fellow Commissioners saying he thought the Mall crossing was a "mistake." A better way to improve access to the Mall, he suggested, was to route traffic around the Mall and presenting "teasing glimpses of the mall " by bricking the side streets from Market to Water.
"As to whether City Council could ever make a mistake, it seems unlikely," said Lucy, as the room erupted in laughter. From the start, it was clear that Lucy viewed yet another vote on this somewhat farcical, and appeared unfazed by Lewis' accusations.
"I don't see a problem with Commissioners expressing opinions," said Mayor David Brown.
Later, Union Bank & Trust president Robert Gentry prefaced his words of support for the crossing with a scolding for Lucy. "The statements you made before the meeting would have qualified as a "conflict of interest" in the business world," Gentry said. But after the accused Commissioners declined to recuse themselves, the issue was dropped.
Oddly enough, Commissioners and City staff seemed to agree that there wasn't enough conclusive data, despite a crossing survey conducted by RK & K Consulting and other more informal surveys by City staff and the Downtown Business Association, to determine if the crossing improved the bottom line for businesses, or if it improved access to the Mall.
City staff and Commissioners also seemed to agree that deciding whether or not the crossing was consistent with the Comprehensive Plan was a subjective exercise at best. Lucy finally suggested that the question they were being asked was pointless.
"It's unfortunate that the question was posed to us in this way, in the context of the Comprehensive plan, because it can't be judged that way," Lucy said. "Design does matter here, and there's been no hint at a design, no discussion about improving the side streets," he continued. "That's what needs to be discussed."
Neighborhood Development director Jim Tolbert confirmed that no designs for a permanent crossing have been developed, and that a proposed $950,000 price tag was merely an educated guess. "There's no science here," said Tolbert, responding to concerns about what the studies and surveys had and had not revealed. "It just is what it is. There's been so much paper produced on this that you can support both sides of the argument with it."
Developer Oliver Kuttner called the crossings "crucial" to the tourist trade, citing the 4th Street crossing as a more attractive choice than 5th, and saying that the crossing acted as a "shingle" that drew people to the Mall. Others suggested that improving signage and bricking the side streets were better methods.
Outgoing City Councilor Kevin Lynch, in his last joint hearing with the Commission, recalled being stopped recently by a passing motorist in front of the Market Street Wine Shop who asked him where the Downtown Mall was. "If we bricked the side streets," said Farruggio, "we'd have 20 chances to attract people to the Mall."
Zachary Shahan, executive director of the Alliance for Community Choice in Transportation, said that car crossings were a step in the wrong direction, and that the City needed to work on creating disincentives to driving around the Mall and expanding its walkability across Water Street.
Several people argued that 5th Street was a better location for a crossing, including Lynch, as people would be tempted to use the 4th Street crossing as a cut-through, and because a longer stretch of the Mall would remain pedestrian.
"I have lived here for 26 years and have never driven across the Mall," said frequent Mall user Peter Kleeman.
Commissioner Michael Osteen observed that good design could solve all these problems by creating a situation where people essentially "walk" their cars across the Mall. "Cars should become the fish out of water when they cross the Mall," he said. "Not pedestrians."
Speaking of design, Lewis encouraged people to consider the two successful crossings on Colonial Williamsburg's pedestrian mall, where as many as 40,000 cars a year cross, she said. In addition, she cited the Mall's long-standing 2nd Street crossing, which she supported, as proof enough that crossings benefit the Mall.
However, Farruggio called the 1996 opening of the 2nd Street crossing a "sacrifice of our beliefs" and claimed that the Mall had been successful without it.
Longtime downtown resident Collete Hall recalled a past City Council promising her a crossing would never be built on the Mall. "At the time, my husband called me naive to believe that," she said. Hall, who has become somewhat of a citizen watchdog since then, wanted more conclusive data on whether the crossings really improved business sales.
Stroh admitted that data on improved sales as a result of the crossing were only anecdotal, but pointed out that 25 businesses surveyed felt the crossing helped their businesses. "Not a single business," he added, "said it impacted them negatively."
In the end, Commissioners motioned to discuss design and placement issues at a January work session, but paved the way for the Mall's second crossing with their midnight vote. When the matter finally hits City Council again, Lynch will be gone and new councilors Satyendra Huja and Holly Edwards will be weighing in.


text:
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text: Felt's Bixby is a fun, modern cruiser that's at home on the boardwalk or the bike lane. It sports a classic steel frame and smooth-rolling aluminum wheels with big, grippy tires for a comfy ride. When you settle into the wide, sprung saddle and grab a hold of the hi-rise cruiser handlebar, you'll be instantly transported to a place where every ride is a fun, casual adventure. A genuine Shimano 7-speed drivetrain makes the pedaling easy so you're ready for some ups and able to take in the surroundings. And, you'll love the matching chainguard and kickstand.


text:
No home comfort for Grecians
Exeter's dismal home form continued as Chris Atkinson scored the only goal of the game for Chesterfield in a dour contest at St James' Park.
In a drab first half, there were few chances. Arron Davies poked wide with an outstretched boot from John O'Flynn's cross for Exeter and Craig Westcarr scuffed a shot into the arms of goalkeeper Artur Krysiak after turning well for Chesterfield.
The goal came after 31 minutes when Westcarr got past two defenders with ease and crossed to the back post for Atkinson to head in from close range.
Chesterfield had chances to increase their lead after the break but found Krysiak in top form. The Pole twice saved well from Mark Randall and Westcarr.
Exeter's first effort on target came after 79 minutes when substitute Guillem Bauza's long-range effort was tipped over the crossbar by visiting keeper Richard O'Donnell. The hosts thought they had equalised in stoppage time but Danny Coles saw a header cleared off the line and Liam Sercombe was denied by O'Donnell.
The defeat was Exeter's fourth in only seven league matches on home soil this season.
Source: PA
Source: PA


text:
[Pages 113-120]
Chuna Yonas, Paris
Parties, Societies, Institutions
A Zionist society, known as the Land of Israel League, existed in Rohatyn prior to World War I. In 1917, a group initiative, led by Chanah Wabman, Pinia Spiegel, and Meir Lewenter, revived the League, which was then headquartered in the house of Buzio Bomze. The organization had 250 members. Many shtetl boys and girls attended league meetings. A number of young people also joined the academic association and the Zionist union HaShomer.
Nor were we backwards when it came to the matter of education. There was a Hebrew school. A Talmud Torah also existed before World War I. There were many houses of study, one large school and three little schoolrooms. Our large Beit Midrash (house of prayer and study) was particularly fine, with its beautiful decorative paintings. The building of the Beit Midrash was across from the old house of study. The Stratyner synagogue, behind Yudel-Mechel Sofer's house, was not far away. And across from that, the little Czortkower synagogue, between Zelig Nagelberg's and Boimrind's houses. There was also Reb Nathaniel's synagogue.
The local butcher shop was not far from Reb Nathaniel's synagogue. An artisan's guild also existed in our shtetl, headed by Michael Katz.
The large and beautiful Zionist library, run by the Zionist organization, should not be forgotten. It was a tradition that every Sabbath afternoon, a different person would read aloud from some writer's works. (One reader, Fischel Weiler, now lives in Tel-Aviv.)
We had good prayer leaders. It is enough to mention Yehonoson Rappaport, who in addition taught a chapter of Gemara every Friday night; Mordecai-Shmuel Harshowski; Reb Yosef Laks, the Kohen; the famous cantor and composer Moshe Zushes, of blessed memory, and Efraim Sternhel, who led prayers in the Stratyner synagogue.
All kinds of Jews of different parentage and station lived in Rohatyn, rich, poor, tradesmen, craftsmen, butchers, doctors, lawyers, unaccomplished intellectuals, Hasidim, misnagdim, hackney drivers, porters, village traders and peddlers. We were not lacking in poor people. In a word, Rohatyn was no different from any of the surrounding Jewish shtetls in Galicia.
Jewish children studied Torah fervently in cheder. The cheder in wintertime is especially etched in my memory. We would return home in the evening, each child bearing a lantern, with a lit wick inside. Our pride in possessing a lantern was great.
Performing Tashlich on Rosh Hashanah was a beautiful custom. I especially remember Chaim Teichman who used to return singing to the synagogue where he would dance on the tables.
Before World War I, the Zionist youth leaders organized a mandolin orchestra that played every year, on the eighteenth of August, beneath the windows of the local commissioners, mayors and other important people.
Let us remember those who stood out in the life of Rohatyn, such as our neighbors Aaron Winkler and Moshe Leder. The latter was a leather dealer and the owner of two houses. I remember him as an old man, sitting by the gate with his long-stem pipe. I also recall Shmuel Einstoss, whom we called Shmuel, the merchant, Eli Glazer and Avrum Ziff. We lived with Avrum Ziff. I grew up with my grandmother, Etel Banner. Yehoshua Ziff and his two sons-in-law, one, a schoolteacher, and the other, a coachman, lived in the same house. The Withoff family, who later moved to Lemberg, also lived there as did Shmelke Rokeach who made ornamental collars for prayr shawls and Yekel Brieftraeger, with his wife Lajcie, the grandmother.
In general, Rohatyn was considered an enlightened shtetl. It contained Hasidim and misnagdim. The latter had greater influence. They waged an unceasing struggle for influence over the local community. Alter Weidman was the head of the enlightened faction, and Efraim Sternfeld, of the religious one.
Rebbes and Rabbis
There were four camps of Jews in the shtetl, each one backing its own candidate for rabbi. This was in the time of the Russo-Japanese War, when the old rabbi of Rohatyn, Rabbi Natan Lewin, left the shtetl for Reisen (Rzeszow). Following his departure, there were many disputes surrounding the candidates seeking to occupy the position of the shtetl's new rabbi.
As I recall, the first dayan appointed in this period was the Strelisker Rabbi Meir-Shmuel Henge. After him, we had one of our own as rabbi, someone from Rohatyn. In his youth, he had worked for a lawyer as a scribe. In those days, no one in Rohatyn had acquired a typewriter, and the fine handwriting of the future Rabbi Spiegel served the lawyer well. Together with his old friend Shimon Teichman, he worked for the attorney Lipiner who was greatly pleased with his employees. It happened once that the lawyer returned from court to find his scribe, Spiegel, sitting in the office, and peeping out from beneath his shirt, the four fringes of his ritual undergarment. Lipiner told him, You will have to make a decision; devote yourself to working for me or become a rabbi. Because sitting in my office with your fringes hanging out, this will not do. Clearly, the young Spiegel chose the path of Torah and left the lawyer's office. For a year, this occurrence served the shtetl as a topic of discussion.
Rabbi Avrum-Dovid Spiegel was more worldly than pious and therefore had many followers in Rohatyn. During his term, there was also another dayan in the shtetl, Rabbi Meir Henge, who represented the more pious Jews. He was known as the Strelisker dayan. He spoke no foreign languages. On the eighteenth of August, Franz-Joseph's birthday, when they were obliged to greet the local commissioner, the two dayans would go together, but Rabbi Spiegel did all the talking as he spoke Polish, Ukrainian and German.
Our first Hungarian rabbi was the Grand Rabbi Eliezer Langner, a son-in-law of the Stratyner rebbe. Later, we had the son of the Stratyner Rebbe Yehudeh-Tzvi, may his memory be blessed among us, the Grand Rabbi Shlomo Langner.
Many Jews were arrested in 1915. The two dayans were set free. They appealed to the local commandant, Pogrebny, to use his influence to free those Jews held by the authorities. The commandant began speaking to the older dayan, the Strelisker dayan, Rabbi Meir-Shmuel Henge. As the older dayan could not understand him, however, he had no choice but to address the younger dayan, Rabbi Avrum-Dovid Spiegel.
Elections for the Austrian Parliament
In 1907 or 1908, elections were held for the Austrian Parliament. It little seemed, at first, that soldiers would have to fire on an angry crowd. The ballot boxes were located in the Jewish communal office, the headquarters of the Jewish parties, in the Beit Midrash. There were three Jewish candidates Breiter, a socialist, Dr. Reitzes from Zloczow, who was elected to represent Zloczow proper, and Rappaport, a lawyer from Lemberg. All three could by no means find lodging for the night in Rohatyn. Late at night, a Ukrainian lawyer, Babyuk, took them in, and they stayed over with him. It turned out that the local hotels had received an order from the commissioner not to rent them a room. They also had a hard time finding meals.
There was a Polish candidate, a certain Kowalewski, in whose election the authorities were interested. The Jews would not vote for him, however, preferring the Zionist candidate, Dr. Rappaport. Therefore, all kinds of tricks were employed. As the Polish candidate was led from the train station amidst a grand parade, the Jewish candidates were left on their own. Dr. Breiter and Dr. Reitzes had both also arrived at this time and had to wander through the shtetl on their own, having nowhere to go. The local commissioner arranged all of this.
In the middle of the election, the commissioner interrupted the voting. A few Poles were stationed by the ballot box to carry out the orders of the authorities. Hired Ukrainians searched every voter, making sure that they didn't have any additional ballots.
Dr. Reitzes, who was then already an elected deputy in Parliament, struggled energetically against these maneuvers. He rushed from the Zionist party's headquarters to the election headquarters and protested strongly before the commissioner against the violation of voters' rights. I remember, as if it were today, the way he addressed the commissioner in the informal second person, which made quite a strong impression. The Zionist youth weren't caught sleeping either and guarded, as they could, against the searching of voters. A militia encircled the building in which the ballot box was located. The commissioner would not let Dr. Reitzes into the building even though he was a deputy. In addition, he gave an order to the officer of the army unit that was stationed by the building to disperse the crowd by force. Of course, the first to flee were the little Jewish children, among whom I was to be found. And after usthe Jews who wanted to cast their votes.
Deportation to Russia
When the Russian Army took Rohatyn, in 1915, all Jews were driven out of the shtetl. In the middle of the night, all of the men were roused from their beds and sent away into the depths of Russia, to the province of Pezner. On Wednesday, the arrested Jews were driven into the local school in Babince. After sunset, we were lined up in rows, counted and ordered to march to Podwysokie. There we spent the night in an open field. In the early morning, we were once again lined up and counted and then marched still further, to Brzezany. Along the way, we were severely beaten. The first to receive a beating was Mendel Rotenberg. At midday, we came to Brzezany. We had to make our way on foot. We were led into the local barracks. At dusk, we were again ordered to go. We noticed that Velvel Weissbraun's eldest son, Moshe, had been arrested. We were then without strength. I was the youngest of those sent away.
Before our arrest, twenty-two community leaders had been taken, prominent men of the shtetl. They were commanded to compile a list of all the Jews in the area. Yankel Leiter found himself the leader of this group. They refused to carry out the order of the Russian authorities. Jews were therefore taken from their beds. Five hundred Jews were arrested in all, of whom only 350 survived. Over 150 died on the roads of Russia. A cholera epidemic had broken out among us.
The City Intelligentsia
Rohatyn was also a city in which an intelligentsia sprang from the native Jewish populationlawyers (Dr. Scharf and Dr. Weidman) and doctors (Dr. Stein, Dr. Lewenter, Dr. Hekel Weinstock and Dr. Chaika Kiesler). Meir Lewenter, the elder brother of Dr. Yitzchak Lewenter, both outspoken Zionists, was a contributor to the Lemberg Togblatt. There were many other strong intellectuals active in many realms of local lifethe physician Dr. Stein, who was the city doctor, the local lawyer Dr. Kleinberg, a leader of the leftist Poaley Zion and also Dr. Alter, who, as a lawyer, undertook political defenses in the court of Rohatyn.
Time, which has run on since I left my shtetl in 1920, has done its work. I do not remember very much. Also, my efforts to survive under the German occupation of France sapped my strength. Twice the Germans had me in their hands, and each time, I managed to escape. From Paris I went to Grenoble where I joined the resistance movement and fought against the German occupation.
[Pages 118-120]
Marcus Zin, Acco
Rohatyn was known in the Jewish world for its rabbis. Great learned men would have paid us to choose them as our rabbi. This high office was occupied by Rabbi Meir Glos and Rabbi Natan Lewin. Lewin, who later became a rabbi in Reisen (Rzeszow), was the father of Rabbi Ortsi (Aaron) Lewin who, apart from being a rabbi, was also a deputy in the Polish Sejm. Lewin's second son, Rabbi Yecheskiel Lewin, was the chief rabbi for the Lemberg district. In addition, there was the dayan and righteous teacher, Rabbi Yaakov Kovi-Schein, and later, the old dayan, Rabbi Shmuel Henge, or, as we called him, the Strelisker rabbi, and last but not least, Rabbi Avrum-Dovid Spiegel (even in his later years, he was still called the young dayan). Rabbi Spiegel also represented the Jewish population before the secular authorities.
I remember certain events that are characteristic of the young dayan. After the synagogue burnt down in 1915, he not only collected money to rebuild it but also rolled up his sleeves and helped clear away the half-burnt bricks from the wreck in order to begin transforming the ruins into a new building. His example inspired others, and many Jews helped in the rebuilding of the synagogue. The city valued the rabbi's achievement greatly and awarded him with a permanent seat of honor in the synagogue behind the lectern by the eastern wall He was consequently given this honor in every holy place.
Rabbi Spiegel also gave ritual sanction to, and therefore was the inventor of, a way of keeping the ritual bath warm, even on the Sabbath. This ritual bath was renowned for its cleanliness, and even the impious used to use it, especially on early winter mornings. The surrounding shtetls later followed the example.
To the account of Rabbi Spiegel's achievements and initiatives must be added the establishment of the Talmud Torah, which provided a Jewish education to numerous children of Rohatyn, and the study of the daily page of Talmud, which he led. He served in deed and counsel with a warm word and substantial assistance over the course of his thirty years in the office.
After our Rabbi Avrum-Dovid Spiegel, in the few years before the war, Rabbi Mordecai Lipe Taumim held the position.
Among the Hasidic rebbes in our city was Rabbi Eliezerel, a man possessing all of the virtues, who didn't mix in city matters and was beloved by all the Jews. Later, Rabbi Shlomele of the Stratyner dynasty came to Rohatyn.
The Zionist movement in our city was organized and led by Elchanan Wachman, Pinchas Spiegel, Akiva Wagschall, Hersh Laterman, Lipa Mandel and others. They instilled in the youth a desire to go to the land of Israel. The leaders of the Zionist organization suffered enough at the hands of the Austrian government, but this did not keep them from undertaking their work.
After the outbreak of World War I, in 1914, Rohatyn was burned down when the Czar's army came to the city. In 1915, all of the Jewish men in the city were deported to Russia. Only Rabbi Spiegel was left behind. He became the father of every child in the city. He knew when to tell the mothers that their children had to begin putting on phylacteries, and he prepared the children to do so. I myself was one of those children
In 1918, the Austro-Hungarian monarchy collapsed. The Ukrainians took power, then Poland, later the Bolsheviks, and finally, Poland again. For Jews, these times offered nothing but pain and suffering. Elchanan Wachman, the well-known Zionist ideologue, was severely beaten by hooligans. The blows left him permanently impaired; he saw everything double He went young from the world.
[Photo #1, p. 119: The clearing of the ruins of the Great Synagogue and its restoration, after World War One. Pictured from the right: Yankel Leiter, Dudel Wald, Yosef Fidelbogen, Nachman Fidelbogen with his grandson in his arms, Moshe Shine (with the wheelbarrow,) Berish Hersh, Volvel Weissbraun, Yoel Granubiter, Abba Kartin, Ruven Brudbar, unknown, and two youths.]
[Photo #1, p.120: The small, Russian Beis-Medresh (study-house) after World War One.]
In 1921, the city was rebuilt and life normalized. Many unions were organized, political and professional, as well as assistance societies, Zionist organizations, Hitachdut, Yad HaRotzim, artisan guilds and others.
The Jewish landowners in Dusanow permitted the Jewish youth to practice farming (preparatory training) so that they could later immigrate to the land of Israel as pioneers. The Russians had burned the city's two houses of study, the synagogue, and the large Beit Midrash with its rich history. They had twice tried to set fire to this house of study, but the fire had not caught. People said that it was an act of God, and it stands to this day. So does the historic 600-year-old cemetery with the common grave from Chmielnicki's time.
In 1939, with the outbreak of World War II, many refugees came to Rohatyn. The city gave much assistance to the unfortunates. A committee was formed consisting of Pinia Spiegel, Dr. Goldschlag, who was vice-mayor, Akiva Wagschall, Lipa Mandel, Yisroel Gleicher, Dr. Zlatkes and our beloved Rabbi Avrum-Dovid Spiegel. They made sure the refugees had food to eat and a place to sleep.
In 1941, the war between Germany and Russia broke out. On Rosh Hashanah, Hitler's murderers entered our city and began annihilating the Jewish population.
[Pages 121-123]
By Dr. Natan Spiegel, Jerusalem
Translated by Binyamin Weiner
According to historians, Rohatyn was not a big city, when compared with others in its region. In 1912, Rohatyn had over 7,000 inhabitants, half of them Jewish. In 1941, there were 12,000, approximately 6,000 of them Jews. The murderous Nazis destroyed nearly the entire population.
But Rohatyn was more to me than the mere statistical number of its inhabitants. It was where my parents, family, and friends lived and perished. There I attended traditional cheder and school. There I experienced my first joys and sorrows. There the years of my childhood and youth passed by.
The material conditions of my upbringing were poor: a small and aged one-story house with a wooden floor, the walls of the hallways covered with mildew. It is no wonder then, that under these circumstances I contracted a kidney disease, and my sister, three years my younger, had a sickness that affected her sight. My brothers, Muah and Sami, years older than me, were exceptional for their good vision.
Despite these poor conditions, I have still preserved fond memories of childhood. This was no doubt due to the positive atmosphere that pervaded our house.
My father, may he rest in peace, a wise man and good of heart, was an expert embroiderer, and bore the responsibility of providing for his family and seeing to the education of his children.
Our mother was a Jewish mother in the very spirit of the ideal. Though her health was always poor, she looked after the well being of her children and husband. We loved her very much, and rejoiced in the wonderful, mutual affection that bound her to our father, a warm and heartfelt affection that was never clouded by the shadow of misunderstanding.
From my earliest childhood, I attended a traditional cheder. Despite its academic flaws, I still recall it lovingly as a
|small room, narrow and warm,
|a fire within its stove,
|where the Rabbi teaches alef-beis
|to his little students.
One of my teachers was Nahum Millstein. I remember him with love. His son Anshel was a dear friend of my youth. Anshel lives here in Israel now, in Ramat Gan.
I was especially gladdened when our big brother came to cheder, to take us, that is, my brother Sami and me, to the cinema. My father, as I recall, put up a whole crown for these expeditions. Three tickets cost 45 cents, and the remainder was devoted to the purchase of shtulbriki, milkeh-soshard (a heler got you one piece,) and balls of chocolate (liberkneidlech.) Such joy, such delight!
In 1912, when I was seven years old, I began attending a Polish elementary school, in addition to the cheder. Mrs. Tsirler, an excellent teacher, who later became the wife of Dr. Milgrum, the regional doctor, taught me there. She was a prominent woman, who employed a modern method of education, which was a rarity in those days.
I still guard the memories of a special possession, whose light made my heart tremble when I was still in elementary school. At the end of my second year of studies, I received a small book as a reward for my diligence. Two birds were drawn on the cover and the book itself contained several poems. Whenever I read them I was moved to tears. One song, for instance, went like this:
|Do not pursue the butterfly.
|That which passes in an instant
|Think it gone
|This is the secret of a peaceful life:
|Do not pursue the butterfly.
I held this book among my greatest treasures, and I lost it in the Second World War. I recall that during this same span of years our city passed frequently from hand to hand. Once we fell into Austrian hands, once into the hands of the Germans, and once into Russian hands. We were often compelled to hide in the basement, in times of shooting, when soldiers passed through our houses to plunder and desecrate.
During the Russian retreat, most of the Jewish houses were set on fire. The Jews had earlier fled to the outskirts of the city, and all night we watched as a pillar of fire played above the rooftops.
At dawn, we rushed, full of worry, to see if by chance our house had not burned. And truly, wondrously, our little old house had been saved from the tongues of flame.
In 1916, during another retreat, the Russians carried all of the older males of the city away with them. A short time after the entry of the Austrians (or Germans,) our family went to Mern.
There, I worked for a rich farmer in the village of Dembuzce, though I was all of eleven years old. Among other things, I would feed and provide water for eight cows, clean the barn, and work in the field. There is one incident that burrowed into my mind and remains etched there to this day. Once, I traveled with the master in a wagon full of manure, I serving as the driver. All of a sudden, the reins became confused and the cattle (that were used to plow in Mern) veered from the road into the field we were passing. The master, his eyes full of rage, shouted at me: Jew!
After our return to Rohatyn, the turbulence of two new wars descended upon us: the war between the Poles and Ukrainians, and the war between Poland and the Soviet Union. And, of course, Jews were persecuted on all sides. The poles and Ukrainians would shave the beards of the pious Jews, beat them, and brutalize them. A Polish officer accused my brother of treachery, because he had fastened a telephone apparatus to his rooftop, through which he had established contact with the Bolsheviks. This meant certain death, but, miraculously, my brother was saved.
At the end of 1918, I was studying in the local Polish gymnasium. Once, my Russian language teacher heard me chatting with my friends in Yiddish. The next day, this teacher mocked me and beat me for nearly an entire hour, in order to expose me to scorn and ridicule for having stammered in the tongue of my peoplein Yiddish.
During my years in middle school I gave private lessons for a fee, in order to support my parents and lighten the load they carried in providing for the household. In 1925, after passing the matriculation exam, I began studying at the university in Lvov, in a humanities program. Due to the anti-Semitic riots of the students, I was more than once afraid to walk between the walls of the university, because of the beatings they gave us.
After completing my degree, I received a teaching position at the city gymnasium in Kalosh. Among the faculty, twelve in number, there were only three Jews. We were hired according to a yearly contract. Each year we worried afresh over whether or not these would be renewed by the authorities, and over which Jewish teacher would lose his job.
After the outbreak of World War Two, I continued working in the education administration in Kalosh, though now under the authority of the Soviets. In 1940, I was in Rohatyn for the last time. My mother was already sick and bedridden. My father clung to her with devotion and warm-heartedness. Poverty and destitution ruled the house. Their only consolation was the marriage of my sister Clara to a respectable man in Stanislovov.
In the same period of time, I saw my immediate family and relations for the last time: my brother Shmuel, a lawyer in Rohatyn, who for years has sat at the head of the local Zionist organization; his wife Plitsiah and their lovely and intelligent two year old daughter; my uncle, Rabbi Avrum-Dovid Spiegel, a man distinguished for his kindness, righteousness and wisdom, and also his family; my uncle Pinchas Spiegel, who devoted all the days of his life to the Zionist ideal, and his family; my aunt Golda, beloved of all, and her family (her son Chaim now lives with his family on Kibbutz HaMapil.)
With the outbreak of World War Two, I fled with a friend to Russia. On my way to Russia, I stopped in Stanislovov, to say goodbye to my sister Clara. She and her husband did not want to leave our elderly parents, who were not strong enough to withstand the hardships of wandering from place to place, behind. Soon after, all of my family went to their graves, along with the rest of Polish Jewry, killed by the murderous Nazis.
In 1944, I sent a letter from Russia the town of Rohatyn, inquiring after the fate of my family. I received a letter on the 16th of December 1944, with the following response: The city council of the Labor Ministry in the city of Rohatyn informs you in response to your inquiry that of the family of DR. SPIEGEL, SHMUEL, not one remains alive. The Germans murdered all on 20 March 1942. Signed: Vice-Chairman of the City Council Stulartsuk.
In 1946, we returned, my friend and I, to Poland, and from there we immigrated to Israel in 1957. Here, we awoke to a new life, and I believe with a full faith that sooner or later the verse will be fulfilled: They will return from the land of the enemy the children will return to dwell within their borders.
[Page 124]
By Leybush Zukerkandl, New York
Translated by Binyamin Weiner
We were three brothers: Itsik, who was the eldest, myself, and my younger brother Aaron. Our father, a learned Jew, was also knowledgeable in worldly matters. He was an expert in the Polish language and had wonderful handwriting. He used these skills in the service of anyone who sought his help, writing petitions to Polish institutions and attending to matters affecting the Jews. He was always immersed in communal business. Even in his later years, when he moved to Lemberg, his tobacco and newspaper shop served as an inn for traders from Rohatyn, who would heed his words of advice and maintain their connection with this dear friend.
[Photo, with caption reading: Moshe Zukercandl and his wife Blumah, with their children: Yitschak, Leybush (in America), Batiah (in Israel), and Aaron.]
Our strict Jewish education, which every Jewish parent of the time expected of his child, began with Moshe-Gershon the melamed, and continued with Urtsi Menahel, the Gemara melamed. When we grew older, we were delivered into the faithful hands of the young Dayan, Rabbi Spiegel, a dear friend from then on. We were among the chosen few who merited learning from him, and it must be emphasized that the Rabbi taught us without the expectation of reward. His students included the distinguished Eliyahu Mesing (the son of Avraham Mesing,) my brother Yitschak, may he rest in peace, and myself, the present writer.
I will never forget my period of study with Rabbi Spiegel: his patriarchal demeanor, his gentle and majestic face, his appearance on state birthdays, and the way he would interrupt his lessons in order to address some question that had arisen, regarding a matter of meat and milk. Nor will I forget his clear and lucid explanation of the laws concerning kosher and treif.
In the winter we arose at four in the morning, and walked with a lantern in our hands (not every boy was lucky enough to have his own lantern,) to study at the beis-midrash. There it was a special privilege to receive a candle from the gabbai, to serve as light for three or four boys.
But all of this, these memories that still bring a smile to the lips, now belongs, much to our sorrow, to the past. To those of us, however, who were fortunate enough to see how this city stood out and to know how it serves as an inspirationto us Rohatyn still remains a city of enlightened men and the study of Torah.
But the Glory of Israel will not fail. We were worthy enough to see with our own eyes the founding of the state of Israel, and we will hope that, despite all of our enemies, Israel will yet flower and flourish, and that there the mourners of Zion will be comforted for their terrible shoah. Amen. May it be so.
[Pages 125-127]
By Uri Mishor
Translated by Binyamin Weiner
I myself am not a son of Rohatyn, but of one born in Rohatyn. This was my father and teacher Reb Avraham, son of Reb Uri Todfeler, may the Lord avenge his blood, whose family came from Rohatyn and flourished there.
I often recall my visits to the city, from year to year during my youth, when I was on vacation from my studies. I would stay as a guest with my uncle and aunt, and their family. These were: Kubler, Beigel and Averbuch.
I arrived in the city on the train that crossed the bridge over the river Gnila Lipa. The Jews lived in the center of town, and in the very center of the center itself there was an aqueduct, with the river water still flowing through it. I have known many cities and towns in Poland, but in none of them have I seen water supplied to the inhabitants after the manner of Rohatyn.
I too came to Rohatyn to draw its water, that is to say its Torah, for there is no water but Torah, from the wells of Torah and hasidut that were our great Rebbe and teacher Rabbi Shlomeleh, of blessed memory, and his son Yehudeh Tsvi, of blessed memory. The later taught us chapters of Gemara. How great was his passion during lessons in the Eclectics of the Ba'al Tanya (Rabbi Shneour Zalman of Ladi,) on the divine substance: Oy, oy, the wicked men, the heretics ask, 'Where is God?' Oy gevalt, how shall we answer them? 'There is no place where He is not!' All the wicked men, all the heretics ask, What is God? How shall we answer them? 'There is no thought can imprison Him!'
[Photo; caption reads The bridge on the river Gnila Lipa.]
I also studied with my uncle, Reb Moshe-Leyb Kubler, may the Lord avenge his blood. He was always festive, never complaining the lack of anything, and he received both good and bad fortune with love. Indeed, during the time I spent with him his material conditions were truly good. He paid little attention to business matters and much to the study of Torah. He always prayed in the shul of our grand Rebbe and teacher Rabbi Eliezerel, of blessed memory, where he was also the regular Torah reader. Every day, after finishing the morning prayer, he came home to eat breakfast and then returned immediately to the shtibel, to study his regular lesson of Torah: the weekly portion along with the interpretation of Ibn-Ezra, whom my uncle considered superior to all of the other commentators.
On Fridays, he released me from my studies, because, as the reader, it was his responsibility to prepare the Torah chanting. He was strict about every single note, not lengthening when he should shorten, and not shortening when he should lengthen.
[Photo; caption reads Chaim Kubler as an Austrian soldier, Binyamin 9his son,) Malkah (his wife,) and Henni (his daughter.)]
Sabbath all of peace
These were Jews who lived by Torah and service, service meaning the service of the heart. And what is the service of the heart? It is prayer.
And these were Jewish merchants, immersed in business day and night, who still fulfilled their Jewish obligations at all times, through acts of loving-kindness and charity, even when involved in business matters and even through leniency to Gentile customers.
My cousin, Reb Chaim Kubler, may the Lord avenge his blood, was one of them. He was ever immersed in business matters, but was nonetheless devoted to the charitable relief of poor wayfarers, who would wander from village to village and city to city, gathering alms. In Rohatyn, they did not have to pass from doorway to doorway, but instead received a special, bi-weekly or monthly stipend, financed by my cousin. Every poor wayfarer received a stipend according to his turn, as recorded in a register. My cousin undertook this project out of goodness, and not in expectation of reward. He kept his door always open, to provide relief for those in need, never fixing only certain hours for receiving the poor.
These people, and many like them, devoted their entire being and existence to the performance of good deeds, and fulfilled their obligations in simplicity and sincerity. Woe onto us that they were killed before their time. May the Lord avenge their blood.
[Page 128]
By Natan Melzer
Translated by Binyamin Weiner
Rohatyn is preserved in my memory as a town rich in communal life, centered on the Bnei Zion association, which met in the house of Mendel Bernstein. There I learned to play chess, found newspapers to read, and debated both the Zionist matters on the agenda and matters regarding the Jewish world in general.
Herzl died during that time, and we all carried the weight of this tremendous loss. I still remember how the newspaper Di Velt brought out a special edition, set against a black background, and the letter from Herzl's widow Julia that was published within. We were like orphans without a father, and for months the burden of this loss lay upon us, without respite.
The Jewish community of Rohatyn, led by Alter Weidman, was among the first in Galicia to establish a modern Hebrew school, inviting the esteemed pedagogue Rafael Soferman, may his memory be a blessing, to serve as its principal.
In addition to Zionist activity, there was also a great deal of activity surrounding elections for the Austrian parliament. There were three candidates for the Rohatyn-Bzezany district: Dr. Shmuel Rappaport, of the Jewish nationalist party, Dr. Nebokovsky, of the Ukrainian party, and Vladislav Dulmbeh, of the Voice of Poland party. None of the candidates received a sufficient margin of votes in the first round of the elections, and in the second round Dr. Rappaport was still struggling against the Polish candidate, though his chances seemed slim.
Among the Jewish merchants of the community, Sender Margalit, Jacob Fish, Shalom Melzer, and Alter Weidman (the aforementioned chairman of the community) should be recalled. The Jewish representatives of the town participated in a body with the Ukrainian representatives, in addressing all local problems.
My father, may his memory be a blessing, Shalom Melzer (the son of David Melzer the Kohen, who immigrated to Israel and settled in Safed,) was one of the founding members of the Zionist association Bnei Zion. He was elected to the communal board and the city council and served as a liaison with the Zionist center in Lvov, led by Dr. Adolf Shtand. He was also a business representative for the Carmel company.
[Photo; caption reads Shalom Melzer, may his memory be a blessing]
[Page 129]
by Joseph Green, Tel Aviv
Translated by Rabbi Mordechai Goldzweig
We had been friends from childhood, tied together body and soul. We went to grammar school and gymnasium together. Our studies were interrupted by the Russians, who rounded up all the Jewish males during World War I as they left our town, and still we were not separated. We were together in Ponza until we received permission to return to our homes. On the way back we were forced to remain for two years in Tarnopol until it was conquered by the Austrians. In Tarnopol we studied in the Polish gymnasium (under the supervision of the Russians) until we were liberated by the Austrian Army when they conquered the city. Two months later we were drafted into the army in Lwów. This time we were separated Lewenter was sent to Przemysl and I was sent to Bielice. This separation was difficult for both of us. We felt that this would be the end to our friendship. Shortly afterward I was informed that my friend, a most wonderful person, had become ill in Przemysl and died of pneumonia. His memory will never leave my heart.
In 1918 Pinchas Spiegel, Chana Wachman, of blessed memory, and I, the writer of these lines, founded a hospital in Rohatyn to save the lives of Jewish soldiers who were returning from the war and had contracted the plague. Thanks to this place we succeeded in saving many of them.
After World War I, aided by the late Dr. Goldschlag, we formed the Histadrut Poalei Zion (Zionist Labor Organization) in Rohatyn. We acted as counselors to the youth who engaged in lively and energetic activities. We founded a football club as well as a wonderful theatrical group, a picture of which I have included. This drama club enriched the cultural life of the town.
[2 photos, page 129] (Caption states)
(Top) A picture, apparently of Moshe Lewenter without a caption.
(Bottom) A play, The Jewish Refugee, directed by Joseph Green
[Page 130]
by Leah Zuch, Tel Aviv
Translated by Rabbi Mordechai Goldzweig
Rohatyn, together with its dear Jews, was destroyed during World War II, but the beloved images of our holy martyrs still appear before our eyes, and it is hard to forget them.
Yes, this is the town, covered with greenery where our ancestors had lived for generations. I can still picture my grandmother, Dvorele Moshele's (Wagschal), lovely and gentle, returning from the synagogue in her scarf and fine silk clothes. How proud I was of her!
I remember the Purim "Seudah" [festive meal] in my parents' home. That evening many children of the town would come to our house in their costumes. Especially noticeable were the groups of students who portrayed historical figures, including those of the Megilla. Others came from Zionist youth groups, wearing blue and white sashes emblazoned with the Star of David. These were joined by four klezmerim (musicians) from the Faust family who played typical Jewish melodies and ended their musical performance with "Hatikvah." The faces of my father, Akiva Wagschal, and my mother, Cyril, would shine with joy upon every display of Zionism in the town. My father, who was a Zionist, heart and soul, was one of the founders of the Hebrew School of Rohatyn and had also been privileged to visit Israel.
After World War I we were among the approximately thirty university students considered to be the "Golden Youth" of Rohatyn. However, none of our knowledge or personal qualities helped us to obtain a teaching position in the local gymnasium - only because we were Jewish. Those were the days of the infamous quota system.
I still remember the libel case staged against Steiger who was falsely accused of attempting to assassinate the president of the state.[Ed1] We of Rohatyn were particularly interested in this trial, since Steiger was the son-in-law of a Rohatyn townsman, the husband of Józka Mark. If we had only been wise enough to pay attention to the warning signals of those days
Nonetheless, on the "Third of May," the national holiday of Poland, we Jews would watch the celebrating throng of "Sokolim," i.e. cadets, march and sing, "Poland Has Not Yet Perished" [Polish national anthem]. They were joined by school children who marched with them in the parade. At that point attorney Dr. Alter would call out, "Next year in Jerusalem!" How unfortunate it was that he, as well as thousands of other Jews of Rohatyn, were not privileged to reach this goal.
And so it is that our souls mourn
[1 photo, page 130] (Caption states)
Two student groups in Rohatyn:
To the Right: Ludwik Katz, Salka Zuch, Ze'ev Halpern, Unknown, Izzie Scharer, Shaiku Panzer. To the Left: Unknown, Dr. Avraham Sterzer, Salka Zuch, Unknown, Julek Szkolnik, Busko Scharer, Manka Feld, Grina Faust, and Ludwik Mondschein.
[Page 131]
by Chaya Weisberg (Weinreich)
Translated by Rabbi Mordecai Goldzweig
[1 photo, page 131]
(Caption states)
To the Right:
The Ukrainian house, the house of A. Kartin; Opposite: The house of Noach Becker;
To the Left:
The house of Moshe Preiss, which is attached to the house of Yisrael Zilber with a passage between them. At the far edge of Max Zilber's store, you can see the open area of the market square [Rynek]. 1932 Photo.
Our little house faced Cerkiewna Street. This street led from the market square to the bath house near the Gnila Lipa River. This was the only place where we could enjoy ourselves during the summer, tanning in the sun and swimming in its cold waters to our delight. The treetops of the forests appeared across the river, and in the months of January and February, they were covered in white, attracting both young and old.
We had many neighbors near our house. Even now I remember the Gottstein family, the Winter family, Gitel Weiner and her two daughters, Sheva and Roiza, the Fried family (mother and son), and Yisrael-Leib Gottlieb (the grocery man) and his family. They lived peacefully, undisturbed by the noise on the street emanating from the workshops and lumber yards of Alter Faust, Allerhand, or Liebling.
The town could easily be identified as Jewish by the many beards and curly payot [side-locks] that were to be seen there. Moreover, there were also many expressions of vibrant nationalism to be found within the Jewish community. Hundreds of young people were members of youth groups such as Hashomer Hatzair, Hanoar Hatzioni, Gordonia, Hitachdut, Betar, and Halutz, to which I belonged.
The war of annihilation by the German murderers came and put an end to all the future prospects of Jewish existence. And my heart aches within me
|[In Lwow, in 1924, a bomb was thrown at a carriage carrying the President of Poland, Stanislaw Wojciechowski. A Jewish university student, Stanislaw Steiger, was accused of attempting to assassinate him.] Return
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text:
By Ajai Shukla
Business Standard, 31st May 16
On Tuesday morning, in a milestone in indigenous aircraft development, India's homegrown basic trainer aircraft, the Hindustan Turbo Trainer – 40 (HTT-40) could make its first flight.
Last week, the HTT-40 completed high-speed taxi trials, in which it accelerated to take off speed, and even lifted its nose slightly off the runway, checking all its systems for actual flight. Next, the pilots will go through a full take off and carry out basic flying manoeuvres before landing the aircraft.
If this goes off well, it will be a victory for public sector undertaking, Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL), which has strongly backed the HTT-40 project, defying a sceptical Indian Air Force (IAF).
The IAF had blocked funding for the HTT-40, telling the defence ministry the aircraft would be too expensive, too heavy and would not meet the air force's needs. HAL continued anyway, allocating more than Rs 350 crore of company funds.
The IAF was backing a Swiss trainer, the Pilatus PC-7 Mark II, importing 75 for Swiss Francs 557 million (Rs 3,770 crore at current rates), in a controversial deal signed in May 2012. Those aircraft have already joined the IAF fleet.
But the IAF needs another 106 basic trainers, and wanted the Swiss aircraft, not the Indian one. In July 2013, then IAF chief, Air Chief Marshal NAK Browne wrote personally to then defence minister, AK Antony, requesting the HTT-40 project be closed and 106 more aircraft be imported from Switzerland. As Business Standard extensively reported, Browne's letter to Antony was based on incorrect figures and procedures were violated to favour Pilatus (July 29, 2013, "Air Force at war with Hindustan Aeronautics; wants to import, not build, a trainer", July 29, 2013, "Air Force diluted at least twelve benchmarks to allow Pilatus into contract" and July 31, 2013 "Admissions, obfuscations in Indian Air Force explanation on Business Standard reports").
That was validated last year, when Business Standard reported a defence ministry internal noting that concluded Pilatus might not have been the lowest bidder (February 14, 2015, "Defence Ministry official questions whether Pilatus was cheapest trainer").
Since 2015, indigenization-friendly Defence Minister Manohar Parrikar has goaded the IAF into accepting the HTT-40 and setting up an "integrated project management team" to oversee the project. To meet the IAF's training needs while the HTT-40 is flight tested and brought into production --- which could take two years --- 38 more PC-7 Mark II trainers are being bought. The remaining gap of 68 trainers would be filled by the HTT-40.
HAL projects it will build the first two HTT-40 trainers in 2018, eight in 2019, and reach its capacity of 20 per year from 2020 onwards.
HAL hopes to build 200 HTT-40s, exporting a "weaponised" version to countries like Afghanistan, Myanmar, and some African customers. HAL chief, T Suvarna Raju told Business Standard the HTT-40 would be developed into a capable ground attack aircraft, ideal for countries that cannot afford expensive fighters or air bases with long runways. HAL hopes to price the HTT-40 at about Rs 40 crore per aircraft, one-fifth the cost of a basic light fighter.
Stringent Swiss end-user restrictions prohibit weaponising the PC-7 Mark II.
The HTT-40, like the PC-7 Mark II, is a propeller-driven, turbo-prop aircraft for "Stage-1" training of rookie pilots. After 80 hours of basic training, pilots shift to "Stage-2" training on the HAL-built Kiran Mark II jet trainer. Next comes "Stage-3" training on the Hawk advanced jet trainer (AJT), which HAL builds under licence from BAE Systems.
The HTT-40 features a pressurised cockpit, "zero-zero" ejection seats, and a state-of-the-art cockpit display with "in-flight simulation" that permits an instructor in the rear cockpit to electronically simulate various system failures, training the rookie pilot in the front seat in handling emergencies.
HAL says that 55 of the trainer's 95 systems have been designed and built in India. Another 35 systems will be built in India with transferred technology, including the aircraft's Honeywell TPE-331-12B engine. This high degree of indigenisation would make it easy to support the HTT-40 through its service life.


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It's standing room only at the one-year anniversary of the Secret Science Club in Brooklyn, New York. A crowd of about two hundred fills the dark downstairs lounge at Union Hall, a bi-level bar, and there are hip 20- and 30 somethings perched on every available surface, cradling PBRs or tonight's drink special—The Scientific Method.
At 8 P.M. the Superstar-of-Science Lecture will begin, but first tonight's host has a few announcements. "Same time, next month, geologist and NASA researcher Michael Rampino will be here to speak about mass extinctions and the history of life," he intones.
"Oooh, cool!" squeal four women—all in cat-eye glasses and vintage dresses—seated in front of me. In fact, the only bad news seems to be that the "Geek Chic" T-shirts are going fast.
When tonight's headliner takes the stage, a hush falls over the crowd. Harold Varmus, a Nobel Prize-winning cancer researcher, has got the geek chops, and yet he hardly acts the part of the quintessential nerd. Rather, he seems relaxed and affable, and with his first question, elicits a wave of appreciative laughter: "Who are all of these people," he asks this evening's host, "and why are they spending a weekday night in a science club?"
Why indeed? I ask Liz*, a willowy blonde artist in her early thirties, what brought her here. A tip from her astrophysicist friend, Ben, she says. "He's one of the most famous astrophysicists in the world. He discovered a star when he was 22!" she gushes. But tonight Liz is here with a wingwoman—a cute brunette with a pixie cut. They came for the lecture, but, says Liz, "I have a fantasy of meeting a really hot science guy." "Yeah," her friend chimes in, "Geek guys are mad hot."
Three 20-something Asian women I stop on the stairs agree. "My favorite are geek guys," says Veronica. "If a guy can have an intelligent conversation, and know what he's talking about, that's such a turn-on."
"Can I just add that I totally walk around my house in a giant red Napoleon Dynamite T-shirt," interjects her friend Pui. "He's so awesome!"
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Hong Kong director Herman Yau has started shooting his first 3D production, suspense horror The Second Coming, as a Hong Kong-Singapore-Taiwan co-production.
Australian writer Ng Tin Chi, who also wrote the screenplay, is co-directing the film. The cast is headed by Hong Kong actors Maggie Siu, Kenny Wong and Don Li with up-and-coming Malaysian actress Joey Leong (Blood Ties).
Leong plays a teenage daughter who starts to experience hauntings, forcing her family to confront their past and the unveiling of some uncomfortable truths.
Yau and Ng are working with Singapore's Widescreen Media for the stereoscopic 3D on the film. Widescreen previously worked on successful 3D films such as Bait 3D, Flying Swords Of Dragon Gate and upcoming Korea-China co-production Mr Go 3D.
The film is produced by Hong Kong's Imagine Nation Films and Singapore's Scout Pictures, with support from the Hong Kong Film Development Fund (HKFDC) and Singapore's Media Development Authority (MDA).
Ng and Flora Goh are producing. Executive producers are Anita Hatta, Leow Siak Fah, Raymond Ng, George Andrew Philips, Kevin Lau and Lee Lieh, producer of hit Taiwanese films Orz Boyz and Monga.
Scheduled for release from mid-2013, the film will be distributed in Singapore and Malaysia by V Media Enterprises. Other distribution partners will be announced soon. The project was selected for the Taipei Golden Horse Film Project Promotion event in November last year.


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My weekly favorites seemed to have turn into a Friday thing, I seem to remember Thursday nights! How great is the Bauhaus lamp?
I've got cleaning, painting, sanding and staining plans for the weekend. I'm hoping to refinish our dressers and finish painting our room. I'm tired just thinking about it.
Hope you all have a great weekend!
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12 comments:
Love your favorites! Your blog is always full of beautiful inspirations...thanks for sharing.ReplyDelete
Green & Plenty
These are great. Yea, that Bauhaus lamp is sweet. I absolutely love those colorful measuring spoons. It's so pretty it can be a print! And I just got the exact same rug for a friend from the flea not too long ago. It looks so good on the wall. Anyway, have a lovely weekend!ReplyDelete
Love your favorites,especially the black lamp. Have a great weekend ; ) .ReplyDelete
the bauhaus is amazing, i love utilitarian lighting, if it looks like it belongs in a 1950s factory i want it!ReplyDelete
the casserole pot is pretty special too :)
Love the change purse! Where is it from?ReplyDelete
Thanks for including our spoons btw! You always have great taste! :)
Opps! Nevermind, I just saw the links at the bottom! :)ReplyDelete
oh i love your picks! some of my favorites as well. thank you for this bright little friday selection.ReplyDelete
I haven't been over here in a little while--I LOVE what you've done to your space, it's fabulous! I love your favorites, too!ReplyDelete
- AnonymousMarch 04, 2011
Please show us your weekend work. I am especially excited to see the updated bedroom!ReplyDelete
OOh I might have to snag that Chicago book! My sis and Bro-in-law met in Chicago while both going to school to become architects! 6 yrs of dating later-they are now happily married architects residing in Richmond! This book would have much sentiment ;)ReplyDelete
That Hudson's Bay blanket is tres Canadienne. Nice collection!ReplyDelete
thank you for including us.ReplyDelete
Thank you for your comments, I love hearing from you!
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Academic Policy Details
Course Load and Overload
The unit of college credit for all courses completed at William Woods University is the semester hour. The normal course load for full-time students in fall and spring semesters is 15 credits per semester, with full-time status in the range of 12-18 credits. The class load during the summer session is limited to 6 credit hours.
Students on academic probation may be required to limit their schedule of classes by the Academic Dean and Associate Dean.
Class loads in excess of the maximum established for each semester are reserved for students with at least a 3.00 grade point average. A course load exceeding 18 credit hours per semester is considered an overload; which must be approved by the Academic Dean prior to registration and is subject to a tuition charge for overload credits.
These policies apply to the Semester Program/On Campus students only. Graduate College Students will need to consult the Graduate College Bulletin.


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WASHINGTON — Developers of the troubled Obamacare website confirmed Thursday that a last-minute decision requiring users to sign up before shopping for insurance caused the system to bottleneck and acknowledged they did not conduct an "end to end" test until just before this month's botched rollout.
The federal contractors sought to shift responsibility for the more than $400-million project to the Obama administration, providing fuel for Republicans who want to kill the Affordable Care Act. The White House's Democratic allies have expressed growing anxiety over what went wrong with President Obama's signature achievement — and when it will be fixed.
After withholding basic information about the program's progress so far, the administration announced Thursday that 700,000 applications had been completed for insurance coverage. The administration conceded that testing was not done earlier because of the tight deadline to launch healthcare.gov by Oct. 1.
"This system just wasn't tested enough, especially for high volumes," said Julie Bataille, a spokeswoman for the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, during a call with reporters. The government agency administered the project for the Department of Health and Human Services.
On Capitol Hill, Republican leaders have made no secret that the House hearing rooms would become the next venue for the battle over Obamacare, and the grueling session before the House Energy and Commerce Committee opened a new front in that campaign as officials were hauled before the panel.
"Why did they assure us the website would work? Did they not know?" said Chairman Fred Upton (R-Mich.), noting that Heath and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius is scheduled to testify soon. "That's what we are looking to find out, with the contractors today and with Secretary Sebelius next week."
Some of the most prominent Democratic supporters of the healthcare law have grown increasingly exasperated over the website's performance. The site was supposed to be an easy way for uninsured Americans to buy affordable health insurance, but users have had trouble signing on, getting accurate cost estimates and completing enrollment.
"How soon will it take to repair these glitches?" asked Rep. Eliot Engel (D-N.Y.)
"I have a team of people working around the clock trying to get this quickly resolved," said Cheryl Campbell, senior vice president at CGI Federal Inc., the lead federal contractor.
Campbell acknowledged that the end-to-end test was not done until the last two weeks before the website's debut. But the contractor suggested in written testimony that was the responsibility of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, which "serves the important role of systems integrator or 'quarterback' on this project and is the ultimate responsible party for the end-to-end performance."
Many of the problems appeared to stem from a last-minute change to the site's operation that required visitors to sign up rather than simply browse through the various health insurance policies.
The extra step created a bottleneck, according to Andrew Slavitt, group executive vice president at Optum, a business unit of giant United Health Group, whose Quality Software Services Inc. handled that aspect of the system as a subcontractor.
"We don't know why the decision was made," Slavitt said. He testified that the change came within 10 days of the rollout, and that his group suggested at the time that more testing would be needed.
A top House Republican, Rep. Darrell Issa (R-Vista), chairman of the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee, has suggested that the late switch was initiated by the White House to prevent Americans from experiencing "sticker shock" over the costs of the insurance policies.
Bataille, the administration spokeswoman, said the intent was to focus resources on the online application and other aspects of the site.
"We made a business decision to prioritize resources," she said.
The White House is scrambling to prevent further fallout from the healthcare law, especially a suggestion from some lawmakers to postpone the law's requirement that all Americans carry insurance in 2014, or face a fine, unless the website is improved.
This week, the administration clarified that the deadline for signing up is March 31, the end of open enrollment. Democratic Sen. Kay Hagan, who is up for reelection next year in North Carolina, suggested Thursday the enrollment period should be extended. Under the law, people who go without insurance for three consecutive months can face the tax penalty.
In the hearing room, the soaring rhetoric was a reminder that the heated debate over Obamacare is far from over.
Rep. Joe Barton (R-Texas) suggested visitors to the website could not be guaranteed their personal privacy, prompting Rep. Frank Pallone Jr. (D-N.J.) to declare the hearing a "monkey court."
Republicans formed an unusual alliance with Democrats on the committee who expressed disbelief that the website's high traffic volumes were to blame for its shortcomings.
"That's really kind of a lame excuse," said Rep. Anna G. Eshoo (D-Menlo Park). "Amazon and Ebay don't crash the week before Christmas."
Rep. Joe Pitts (R-Pa.) called the website's debut "one of the biggest IT disasters in government history."
Separately on Thursday, nearly three dozen Republican House members sent Obama a letter asking for Sebelius to be fired.


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