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It seems as if many cylinder heads are doomed to crack from the very start because of their lightweight construction and design. Aluminum overhead cam (OHC) heads, in particular, are often found to be warped as well as cracked. But so too are many pushrod cast iron heads.
One of the causes of cracking in cast iron heads is stress created when the valve seats are induction hardened. The concentrated heating process that hardens the valve seats also creates residual stresses in the head that may cause it to crack later – even if the engine has never overheated. The cracks typically form where stresses are highest, which is often between the valve seats.
Some heads, such as Ford 2.9L V6 and Escort 1.6L heads, are notorious for cracking. Others with a known history of cracking problems include Ford 2.3L and 2.5L "HSC" (high swirl combustion) cast iron heads, General Motor's 2.5L "Iron Duke" heads, the GM 250 six-cylinder head with an integral exhaust manifold and 1987 and later Chevy small block V8 "Vortex" heads.
Dodge has also been having cracking problems with the cast iron heads on its late model 318 Magnum engines. Almost all of these heads are found to have cracks between the valve seats when the engines are rebuilt.
Regardless of the engine, cracks are often found between valve seats, in exhaust ports, between the spark plug hole and valve seats, around valve guides, between combustion chambers, even on top of the head.
They're often blamed as the cause of a head failure. But in many instances, the cracks are not the cause of the failure but a symptom of another underlying problem such as overheating, detonation or incorrect installation (wrong torque on head bolts, dirty bolt threads, etc.).
Why Heads Crack
Cracks typically form when a cylinder head undergoes too much thermal stress. Loss of coolant, severe overheating as well as sudden changes in operating temperature from hot to cold can all create the conditions that can cause cracks to form.
Simply put, when metal is heated it expands. Aluminum expands at nearly twice the rate of cast iron, which creates a mismatch in expansion rates on bimetal engines with aluminum heads and cast iron blocks. While the heads are designed to handle a certain amount of normal expansion, elevated operating temperatures can push a head beyond those design limits, causing the metal to deform. This, in turn, may cause cracks to form as the metal cools and contracts.
When overhead cam heads get hot, they often swell and bow up in the middle. This may cause the OHC camshaft to seize or break as well as cracks to form in the underside of the head. Pushrod heads are not as thick as OHC heads so are less vulnerable to this kind of stress and warpage. But even pushrod heads have their limit, and when pushed too far will also warp and crack.
Finding Cracks
If a crack forms between the cooling jacket and combustion chamber, port or any other external surface on the head, it may leak coolant. If the leak is in a combustion chamber, it may go undetected until the engine overheats from a loss of coolant. Coolant in the combustion chamber can accelerate ring and cylinder wear and is murder on the bearings. If the leak is large enough, it may even hydrolock the cylinder.
Combustion gases entering the cooling system through the crack can also accelerate coolant breakdown and corrosion. Pressure testing the block and heads to see if they hold pressure is a good technique for finding these kind of "hidden" cracks as well as porosity leaks in aluminum castings.
Coolant leaking into the exhaust system through a crack in an exhaust port can expose the catalytic converter and oxygen sensor to silicone contamination. Silicone has the same coating effect on these components as lead, and will eventually ruin the O2 sensor and converter.
External coolant leaks due to cracks are not as common because the outside of the head runs considerably cooler than the combustion chamber and exhaust port surfaces. Even so, cracks sometimes form in these areas that leak coolant.
"Dry" cracks which do not leak coolant may or may not cause problems depending on where they form. Cracks between or around valve seats in an aluminum head may allow the seats to work loose and fall out. Cracks around valve guides may lead to loosening of the valve guides which can damage the valves.
Even if a crack is causing no apparent problems, it should not be ignored because most cracks tend to propagate and spread over time. In other words, little harmless cracks can turn into big nasty cracks, and there's no way to predict when that may happen or how far a crack will grow.
Many cracks are obvious to the naked eye, but others have to be ferreted out by various means. Magnetic particle inspection has long been a popular technique for identifying cracks in cast iron heads. But this technique does not work on aluminum because aluminum is nonmagnetic. Aluminum heads must either be pressure tested and/or sprayed with penetrating dye to find cracks and porosity leaks. Cast iron heads should also be pressure tested to check for hidden cracks in cooling jackets and ports that are not directly observable from the outside.
The important point here is that all heads should be thoroughly inspected for cracks before any machine work is done. Better to find out the head is cracked before you rework the valve guides and seats than afterward. Think of crack detection as your first line of defense against comebacks.
Cracks do not necessarily mean a cylinder head has to be replaced. In fact, many cracked heads that were once thought to be "unrepairable" are now being fixed. Repairing a cracked cylinder head always involves a certain amount of risk, but when done properly is usually much less expensive than replacing a cracked head with a new or used casting. Most small cracks in cast iron as well as aluminum heads can be repaired by pinning. Larger cracks in aluminum heads typically require TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding. Larger cracks in cast iron heads can often be repaired by furnace welding or flame spray welding.
Furnace welding a large cast iron diesel head is often well worth the effort because of the high value of the casting, but it also makes economic sense on many late model cast iron passenger car heads if the head can be repaired for less than the cost of a new or used casting. Many late model heads are fairly expensive and hard to find, so some heads that would have been scrapped because of cracks are now being repaired and returned to service. It all depends on the market value of the head and the cost to replace it with a new or used casting. The higher the value of the head and the higher its replacement cost, the more sense it makes to repair the head rather than replace it.
Furnace Welding Cast Iron
Furnace welding cast iron is often called the "black art" of crack repair because it requires lots of heat and operator skill. Learning how to furnace weld cast iron is not something an inexperienced welder can pick up quickly. Those who have mastered the process say it takes at least six months to a year of constant practice to master it. If it were that easy, everybody would be doing it. It isn't, and that's why some shops have created a successful niche for themselves by specializing in furnace welding cast iron heads.
To furnace weld a cast iron head, the head is first preheated to 1,300° F (cherry red) in an oven. This step is absolutely essential to minimize thermal shock and to relax the metal so it won't distort when the torch is applied to the casting.
When the head preheat temperature has stabilized (it takes about an hour), a "neutral flame" oxyacetylene torch with slightly more acetylene than oxygen is used to melt the cast iron (which melts at 2,400° to 2,600° F). The crack can then be filled using a 1/4″ cast iron filler rod and Borax flux. The trick here is to keep the weld clean by adding a little flux so the impurities will rise to the top. The impurities can then be floated out of the repair area with the torch.
When building up a worn or damaged valve seat in a cast iron head, a carbon graphite plug can be used to fill the hole. The weld is then built up around the plug. The puddle will be about half an inch deep and maybe two inches in diameter. It takes a lot of heat to do this, about 5,000° F.
After the crack has been filled comes a long, slow cool down. This step is also essential to prevent the head from recracking. If cast iron cools too quickly, the surrounding metal can shrink away from the weld causing new cracks to open. Carbon in the iron can also turn to carbide making the metal too hard and brittle to machine. The casting must therefore be cooled very slowly to prevent these undesirable metallurgical changes. Slow cooling can be accomplished by wrapping the head in an insulating blanket and keeping the head in a hot box so it will cool at a rate of no more than 200° F per hour. At this rate, it may take 8 to 12 hours to slow cool back down to room temperature. Once the head has cooled, it can be cleaned to remove scale, machined and pressure tested a second time to recheck for leaks. If no leaks are found, the final machine work and assembly can be done. Some shops will even pressure test the head a third time if it has pressed-in valve seats to make sure no cracks opened up after the seats were installed.
Because of the high temperatures involved in furnace welding, the induction hardening of integral valve seats is usually destroyed. This may require replacing the exhaust seats so the seats don't pound out when the head is returned to service. For this reason, some shops prefer to braze weld cracks rather than furnace weld. With braze welding, the job can be done at 800° to 900° F so the head doesn't get as hot.
Flame Spray Welding
Another technique for repairing cracks in cast iron heads and blocks is flame spray (powder) welding. The process is similar to brazing but uses nickel powder and a special torch to produce high strength repairs.
The basic technique for flame spray welding cast iron has been around for 40 years but has only recently been adapted for automotive applications. The main advantages of this technique is that it is easier and faster than furnace welding.
Flame spray welding can create a strong and long-lasting repair the same as furnace welding but without as much heat. The head still has to be preheated and postheated, but not as much nor as long. Spray welding needs about 1,000° to 1,400° F of preheat. Only the weld area gets hot so there is little risk of distortion.
Flame spray welding uses nickel-based powders and requires a special torch. The oxyacetylene spray welding torch has a trigger-operated hopper that feeds nickel powder into the flame. When the powder is exposed to the flame, it melts and fuses to the sides of the crack to fill the repair area. The process is similar to brazing but results in a much stronger repair. The powder can be used to fill holes and cracks, and to build up worn or damaged valve seats.
The process goes very quickly and can fill a three inch hole in less than a minute. With furnace welding, it might take three times as long to fill the same size hole – and then the part must be slow cooled for hours to keep it from cracking.
Flame spray welding is easier to learn than furnace welding, but still takes training and time to learn. Cracks must be properly prepared by grinding out damaged areas with a V-shaped chamfer. Both sides of the repair area must be clean. The key to success is applying the right amount of heat to the repair area. A dull cherry red, or about 1,300° to 1,400° F is needed; otherwise the nickel powder may not adhere properly.
TIG Welding Aluminum
Cracks in aluminum heads are most often repaired by TIG welding (though pinning also works with small accessible cracks). The first step in welding aluminum is preparing the crack. The head must be clean, grease-free and dry before grinding out the crack. The crack must be ground all the way out. Just grinding the surface and welding over a crack will likely be a short-lived temporary fix because the underlying crack is still there and will continue to grow. After grinding, the surface of the metal should be cleaned with a stainless steel wire brush.
When exposed to air, aluminum forms an oxide coating that contaminates the weld and interferes with fusing. A TIG welder prevents the formation of the oxide layer by bathing the weld with a steady supply of inert gas (usually argon). An alternating current is used to alternately heat the metal and burn off any oxide that forms.
Because aluminum can crack when subjected to too much heat in a concentrated area, the head must be preheated in an oven to 450° to 550° F to eliminate thermal stress. The added heat also makes the head easier to weld because aluminum conducts heat away from the weld area rapidly. Keeping the head hot is one of the tricks to successfully welding aluminum, which requires working in an area free from drafts and occasionally reapplying heat to the head.
Welding techniques vary, but the basic idea is to melt the surrounding metal and fill the crack with molten metal and filler rod. An experienced welder can even "recast" a badly damaged area, saving a head that would otherwise be junk. The strongest welds are achieved by using a filler rod that's the same alloy as the head, or very close to it. Two filler rods that work well are #4043 and #5356 with 5 percent magnesium. The type of electrode that's used on the welder can also make a difference. Tungsten thorium electrodes work well with aluminum but zirconium tungsten electrodes (which are much more expensive) are considered the best.
After welding, the head must be allowed to cool slowly. This is done by placing the head back in the oven or wrapping it in an insulating blanket. A long slow cool down relieves stress in the metal, which if not relieved could lead to cracking.
Pinning Cracks
Pinning is the most commonly used technique for repairing cracks in cast iron heads because it's fast, reliable and cheap. It can also be used to repair aluminum castings, too. Pinning is a relatively easy technique to learn and use, doesn't require any special tools other than a drill, guide fixture and tap, and uses no heat.
The technique involves drilling holes in both ends of the crack to keep it from spreading, then drilling holes at various intervals along the length of the crack, installing overlapping pins to fill the crack, then peening over the pins with an air hammer to seal and blend the surface. Either tapered pins or straight pins may be used.
Tapered pins pull themselves into a crack as they are tightened to provide a tight seal along the entire length of the pin. This occurs because the threads on both the tapered pin and hole have an interference fit. Sealer really isn't necessary, but may be used for added insurance. The holes for tapered pins must be carefully hand tapped with a tapered tap, and the pins hand tightened.
Straight pins, by comparison, can be installed with an ordinary straight tap and a power drill. Straight pins, however, must be sealed by a tapered shoulder on one end of the pin and/or with sealer.
If a crack is along an outside edge or corner that require support to hold the sides of the crack together, or if the crack is in an area that would open up or pull apart when the casting is under load or gets hot, ordinary pins won't work. One solution is to use "locks" to hold the two sides of the crack together, and/or to use special pins that have a "spiral hook" or "reverse pitch" thread pattern. These pins can actually hold a crack together rather than just fill it.
Cracks in thin areas of a casting (thinner than 1/8″) can be difficult to repair because the metal isn't thick enough to support the threads on a standard pin. For these applications, very small pins must be used to fill the crack.
On some applications, such as the Dodge 318 Magnum heads, the crack between the valve seats can often be repaired with a single soft steel pin that has a countersunk shoulder. A steel pin works best in this application because it can withstand heat better than a cast iron pin. After the crack has been fixed, the seats can be remachined. There should be no need to cut the head to accept valve seat inserts.
If a valve seat is badly damaged or recessed and must have a new seat installed, use the smallest diameter and shallowest seat that will fit the application. This will reduce the risk of creating future cracks from overstressing the head.
More Most Read Articles…
If you're having trouble achieving good results with flame-spray welding, here are some hints that may improve your success:
If the nickel powder just lays there or stacks up instead of wetting out when starting a weld, the work is too cold. The chamfer must be a dull cherry red, or about 1,300° to 1,400° F. Trying to force the base metal up to temperature by heating it though a thick .020″ or greater layer of unfused powder will likely burn the flux out of the powder.
If the nickel powder boils up when starting a weld and you get a volcanic like reaction when the initial burst of powder is sprayed into the chamfer, the work is too hot. Back off the torch, allow the area to cool to a dull cherry red color, then hold the tip of the blue cone in the flame about 1/8″ to 1/4″ from the deposit and add fresh powder in short bursts. This should add enough new flux to wet out the powder properly. If this doesn't work, stop, scrape the chamfer clean and start over.
If too much powder is applied during the initial spray, it won't wet out. When unfused powder builds up to .020″ or thicker, it acts like an insulator between the flame and base metal. Stop, scrape away the unfused powder, and start over.
Improper flame angle can also cause the powder to ball up and not wet out. If the flame angle is less than 75° F, powder can blow ahead of the puddle and stick to the chamfers. When unfused powder stacks up to about .020″ or thicker, it won't wet out properly. Trying to force it out with the torch will create porosity and hardness problems. Stop, scrape or brush away the unfused powder, hold the torch at the proper angle and start welding again.
Porosity and hardness problems in the weld can be caused by surface contamination adjacent to the "V" chamfer. On some castings, manifolds in particular, the surface may contain a lot of "burned" iron. This should be ground away leaving sound, clean metal at least 3/8″ to 1/2″ on either side of the "V" chamfer. Rusty, dirty or burned metal will generally pop and crack when a flame is applied to it.


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Today's guest blogger, Mark Van Dyke, is the newest member of the Logos marketing department.
In addition to saving shelf space and being easy to replace, electronic books also lower moving costs, an important incentive considering Logos software is used by missionaries around the world. Considering the large number of resources in Logos' higher end libraries (Scholar's Library, Scholar's Library: Silver and Scholar's Library: Gold) the amount of money that is saved during a move to another continent more than pays for the software itself.
For example, when a missionary family of four moves to Nigeria the cost of shipping their baggage alone is approximately $1,300! *
If a missionary owned the corresponding print versions of Logos book collections the substantial cost of moving would increase even more. Below is a listing of the cost of airmailing the print versions of three libraries from the United States to Papua New Guinea. The weights of each respective collection are shown in parentheses.
- Scholar's Library (936 lbs.) – $3,125.50
- Scholar's Library: Silver (1,073 lbs.) – $4,921.00
- Scholar's Library: Gold (1,450 lbs.) – $6,650.00
When shipping from the United States to Mongolia, Chad, Estonia or Jordan the average cost of sending print versions of Scholar's: Gold resources averages just under $5,000!
If the financial burden were not enough one should also consider the hours of back-breaking labor required in packing and unpacking the hundreds of books in each collection. We at Logos recommend the method of buying the books on one DVD and throwing the disc in your carry-on luggage.
* Figure provided by Serving in Mission

subset: commoncrawl


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NAIROBI, Kenya — Seychelles police say a mixture of heroin and alcohol caused the deaths of two former U.S. Navy SEALs.
A police statement Tuesday quoted by the government-funded Seychelles News Agency said toxicology analysis found no poison in the men's blood. The police said previously the men died of respiratory failure and were suspected to have had heart attacks.
The two Americans — Mark Daniel Kennedy, 43, and Jeffrey Keith Reynolds, 44 — were security contractors providing anti-piracy services for the Virginia Beach, Virginia-based maritime security firm The Trident Group.
The two were found dead Feb. 18 aboard the Maersk Alabama, a ship famous because Somali pirates hijacked it in 2009. Navy SEALs shot and killed three pirates to free the ship in an incident depicted in a movie starring Tom Hanks.


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James Morris has an interesting new post to his site about the creation of a real-time web service that could be used for iOS applications via Websockets. He chose Ratchet for the handling (a PHP-based websocket tool) combined with Redis and Silex.
I was approached by a betting/gambling development company who potentially needed a middleware building that would pull from an existing gambling web service and basically transmit to connected iPhone clients the changes from the web service. At first, the obvious answer might be to create another REST web service that the iPhone clients could just ping for changes. However, one of the devs explained that this wouldn't be fast enough, or scale – they'd need changes to be transmitted as soon as possible, as the app would be a real-time betting app and there'd be thousands of connections to the server.
His solution involved hooking together Ratchet, Redis, Silex and Predis-async to create this sample tool for handling the websocket requests. it uses the "pubsub" mechanism of Redis to push the updates out to listening clients.


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"Live in the moment" is a nice platitude and a crappy life philosophy. Vivacity is all well and good. We should appreciate the present, but we can't live only for the present. We have to think about tomorrow because we're probably going to be there. In his wonderful new film The Spectacular Now, director James Ponsoldt explore the live-for-the-moment mentality with an authentic and earnest look at high school emotions, anxiety about the future, and first love. Led by extraordinary performances from stars Miles Teller and Shailene Woodley, The Spectacular Now is a thoroughly charming and surprisingly powerful coming-of-age story about the fear of looking ahead and the seductive safety of living in the present.
Sutter Keely (Teller) is the life of the party. He knows everyone's name and always has access to booze. After breaking up with his girlfriend Cassidy (Brie Larson), Sutter drunkenly drives home only to awake on the front lawn of classmate Aimee Finicky (Woodley). Aimee is pretty, but shy and removed from the popular crowd. Sutter's attempts at a rebound quickly turn into genuine feelings towards Aimee. Their relationship blossoms as they become drinking buddies, he gets her to come out of her shell, and she nudges him towards the introspection he's thoroughly avoided.
Ponsoldt explored excessive drinking in his previous film, Smashed, but unlike that feature, Spectacular Now isn't about the quest to get sober. It's a perfect symbol for a kid who won't think about his future. Like any good drunk, the consequences rarely enter into the equation. When Sutter wakes up on Aimee's lawn, he doesn't know where his car is even though he remembers driving it home. Alcohol makes Sutter feel good in the moment, and the moment is where he lives. Even with Aimee, he ropes her into his drinking, but for her it never becomes an escape. It becomes a connection.
Watching these two characters play off each other is an absolute joy. Sutter draws us into the story with his fun personality, and Aimee grounds it with her sweet shyness. When put together, you have characters who complement each other perfectly without the relationship ever feeling contrived. Ponsoldt and his actors make the Aimee and Sutter's romance feel completely authentic, and the director wisely cast actors who look like real high-schoolers. Teller and Woodley aren't unattractive by any stretch of the imagination, but they're not supermodels who wandered into a high school. We look at Sutter and Aimee and we know these people, not just because they look familiar, but because the actors do an outstanding job with their characters.
Woodley wowed audiences in 2011's The Descendants, and her work in The Spectacular Now is even better. No offense to her co-star, but it's a bit more difficult to convince us that a girl as pretty as Aimee would be unpopular, but Ponsoldt doesn't try to pull a She's All That by saying that she'd be beautiful if only her hair wasn't pulled back in a ponytail. He's not trying to give Aimee a physical makeover because Woodley shows us that the character is beautiful on the inside. When she talks about her dream marriage at the dinner party of Sutter's sister Holly (Mary Elizabeth Winstead), we can't help but fall in love with Aimee.
Woodley is fantastic, but the breakthrough turn comes from Teller. If The Spectacular Now becomes a hit, Teller becomes a star. He is funny, charismatic, and completely believable as a guy who is happy to pretend he's one-dimensional because he doesn't want to look beyond his narrow self-definition. When Sutter's world starts being upended by honest emotions that force him to reevaluate his personality and his relationship with his estranged father (Kyle Chandler), Teller plays the drama with just as much power and passion as the comedy. Credit must once again be shared with Ponsoldt who skillfully transitions the movie from a big, bold comic first half to a thoughtful, heartfelt dramatic conclusion.
By investing in his characters and giving the actors room to flesh out their characters, Ponsoldt stops his movie from being a cautionary tale. Obviously, "living like there's no tomorrow" isn't a good life strategy, but it's an understandable escape. It's undoubtedly entertaining to watch Sutter flee from his responsibilities and neglect plans for life beyond high school. But The Spectacular Now never lets its protagonist off the hook. The movie doesn't lecture and it doesn't scold; it simply lets the present play out to an uncertain and ultimately more rewarding future.
Rating: A-
Click here for all our Sundance 2013 coverage. Click on the corresponding links for my previous reviews:
- The Inevitable Defeat of Mister & Pete
- This Is Martin Bonner
- Twenty Feet from Stardom
- Who Is Dayani Cristal?


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baby's chef
Now that Israel is eating solid foods regularly, my that was quick, I'm
making his food and freezing it. I've looked all over at different storage
containers but I can't nail anything down. I recently read about the dangers
of freezing plastics so I'm trying to use glass containers.
Any moms out there have suggestions?
I'm thinking of just reusing the glass jars from his first foods but if there
is something better out there, please, let me know!
Other Stories
12 comments:
I've actually read that companies do not recommend using the jars for freezing. I made all of my son's food and froze it as well. I used this site for reference a lot!ReplyDelete
And I purchased trays that are made for freezing.
Best of luck!
I used 'baby cubes' for Wren's food and those little containers have been so handy! The plastic doesn't have any of the nasty stuff in it. Plus the containers work great for snacks now that Wren isn't eating frozen purée these days. You can find the cubes at babiesrus.ReplyDelete
Crate & Barrel has a set of small glass containers that work well. Are his eyes going to stay blue? Our pediatrician said that it looks like Cash's are...mine are green and Owen's are hazel so it looks like they came from his great grandpa.ReplyDelete
last question: where do you order your books from? I am looking for a good place to order some more "Oh David" books and Pigeon books :)ReplyDelete
(*Blue eyed babies are so sweet.)
if you go to costco - they have an assortment size (like 18-20 pieces) of glass containers with plastic lock tops that are made in the USA (instead of china).ReplyDelete
I've actually heard that it is really easy to just freeze baby food in ice cube trays. You could use silicone ones instead of plastic. Once the food is frozen, you can just dump all the cubes into a big bag and pull out cubes of food as needed. I plan on doing this when I have my baby (this summer, yay!).ReplyDelete
I use silicon ice cube trays, and then pop the cubes out once they're frozen and store them in glasslock containers in the freezer. it's a nice little setup :)ReplyDelete
This link will hopefully give you what your are looking for! I'm so excited for this stage!!! xoReplyDelete
Oops it didnt post-I will FB it to you!ReplyDelete
oh my gosh..i cud eat that lil face up, what?! he is soooo cute j! could i pay u now, u know, for him to marry stella ;)ReplyDelete
I think that if you used silicone ice cube trays there is no weird plastics issues and you can pop out ready to go individual portions.ReplyDelete
I feel like I read that somewhere, but I might just be making this up.
- CharlotteMarch 24, 2010
Silicon trays are the way to go - you can get different sized ones at Target (made by Wilton's?). These are better than ice cube trays because the portions are bigger. Once the portions are frozen, you pop them out and store them in labeled ziplocks. Works great - trust me!ReplyDelete
Thank you for your comments, I love hearing from you!
Questions, comments or sponsorship inquires, please contact me via the 'contact' link.


text:
557 You are not allowed to send mail to
|Post Reply
Topic Search Topic Options
Joined: 22 March 2007
Location: United States
Status: Offline
Points: 2
Post Options
Posted: 22 March 2007 at 12:16pm
I am receiving the following message when I attempt to send mail from an outlook client to an external e-mail account:
557 You are not allowed to send mail to email@example.com
Interestingly, when I use the Mail Enable web client I don't receive the message and the e-mail gets sent to its destination (internal or external).
I setup Spam Filter and Mail Enable on the same server. SF listens to one IP address (e.g. 18.104.22.168) of the server at port 25 and relays it to my Mail Enable server on address (e.g. 188.8.131.52) at port 25. This works fine on ME web mail (inbound and out). This also works on outlook clients on inbound external mail or in/outbound internal mail. But when I attempt to send an outbound external mail from Outlook I get the message listed above.
My ME server sends mail on IP 18.104.22.168 at port 25.
I have to run SF and ME on the same server.
Your help will be appreciated as we are getting close to making a puchase decision.
Edited by ykaraman1
Admin Group
Joined: 25 January 2005
Location: United States
Status: Offline
Points: 4097
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Form the 557 error you described, it appears that the outlook client is connecting to SpamFilter, not to MailEnable, to send out its email. As SpamFilter by default will not emails to be relayed to a domain that is not in your local domains list, SpamFilter will reject the connectino with a 557 error.
You have several options available.
Roberto Franceschetti
LogSat Software
Spam Filter ISP
Joined: 22 March 2007
Location: United States
Status: Offline
Points: 2
Post Options
I tried a number of options:
1) Setup SF-ISP on one IP and ME on another on the same server such that SF-SIP forwards e-mail to ME on that IP. This didn't work for Outlook clients.
2) SF-ISP and ME on same IP but different ports. Didn't work for outlook clients.
In both cases SF-ISP acts as the SMTP server and needs authentication. We can't use the authentication solution as this would be to costly from admin stand point.
However, mysteriously we can send ME web mail out to external address from any option above. I don't know why web mail is acting any differently then clients sending SMTP messages via outlook clients.
I know I am missing something as your second deployment diagram indicates that this should be supported.
Also, is there anyway to configure SF-ISP to listed to only one IP address and ignore the others? ME can do that (seemingly only for inbound though). In this way if I can have SF-ISP only listen to one IP and ME the other one I can have ME send mail from its own server instead of SF-ISP grabbing it and treating it as unauthorized access.
Edited by ykaraman1
Admin Group
Joined: 25 January 2005
Location: United States
Status: Offline
Points: 4097
Post Options
In regards to your issue, your ME web mail will usually always work as it interfaces directly with ME, and thus ME will always be able to send emails via that interface. Your outlook clients have a different configuration. They, as all other email clients, must use an "Outgoing SMTP Server" to send emails. Before implementing SpamFilter, your outlook clients were probably (we're simply guessing here, so I apologize if we guess wrong) using ME as their "Outgoing SMTP Server". When implementing SpamFilter, admins usually avoid changing their mail server (ME in your case) configuration, as if they were to change the port or the server name used by ME, that would require reconfiguring all the outlook clients.
If you decide to implement scenarion #2 of our network samples ("Single SMTP server with a single IP address directly connected to Internet"), that configuration requires changing the port of your ME server. Doing that would then also require all your outlook clients to change the port used in their "Outgoing SMTP Server" configuration, and is thus not an ideal solution.
We'd recommend using the first option, "SMTP servers directly connected to Internet". This allows you to keep "as-is" the ME configuration (and thus not requiring changes to your outlook clients). To do so however, you need to configure SpamFilter so that it listens on a different IP address than the one used by ME. This can be done, as you asked, from the "Settings - Confiiguration" tab in SpamFilter. Under the "SMTP listener socket" there is a blank entry for the "IP(s)". This indicates that SpamFilter will bind to port 25 on all IPs on the server. To configure SpamFilter to only listen on a specific IP address, simply enter that IP address in that field and click on "Save SMTP Settings". The final step in this configuration is to change your MX record to point to the new IP address used by SpamFilter rather than to the one used by ME. If your servers are behind a firewall, things are even easier, as at this point you can follow our sample #3 "SMTP servers behind Firewall", and instead of modifying your MX record, you can reconfigure your firewall to forward traffic to the IP used by SpamFilter rather than to ME.
Roberto Franceschetti
LogSat Software
Spam Filter ISP
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Students Ask the First Lady to Support Pollinators
University students across the country are calling on Michelle Obama to take action for pollinators for Endangered Species Day, which will be celebrated on May 15th 2015. Pollinator species, such as butterflies and bees, are facing serious declines across the country. These amazing species are not only natural treasures, but they are also vital for our agricultural systems. On Monday, a letter signed by 20 student organizations across the country and a petition signed by 165 individual students were delivered… Continue reading


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In Hainich National Park, part of the World Heritage region of Wartburg Hainach, world history comes face to face with nature: what was once a military exclusion zone is now the largest unbroken expanse of mixed deciduous forest in Europe.
This wild and untamed national park in Thuringia is located in the southern part of the Eichsfeld-Hainich-Werra Valley Nature Park. It is situated between the spa town of Bad Langensalza and the Wartburg Castle town of Eisenach. In winter, the best way to appreciate the beauty of the landscape is to take a sleigh ride. In spring and autumn, the Rennsteig Trail and other well-marked footpaths are popular with walkers.
High above the forest floor
At Hainich National Park you can be king of the forest. The treetop trail at Thiemsburg national park centre takes you up to a height of 44 metres above parts of the forest that would be virtually inaccessible from the ground.
A rendezvous with wildcats
Another highlight is the Hütscheroda Wildcat Village, where you can watch the wildcats having breakfast in a clearing in the forest. You can also enjoy breathtaking views of the Rhön hills, Wartburg Castle and the Thuringian Forest from a 17-metre-high platform. The 'wildcats barn' provides fascinating facts on the local flora and fauna.
Walking amid ancient trees
A whole host of discovery trails showcase the beauty of the region. And if you've ever wanted to see a thousand-year-old tree, simply follow the Rennsteig to the ancient 'Betteleiche' oak.
Hainich National Park
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DVD & Blu-ray » Facets » Director » Andrew Paquin
Sequel to the 2016 animated hit. Queen Poppy and Branch make a surprising discovery - there are other Troll worlds beyond their own, and their distinct differences create big clashes between these various tribes. When a mysterious threat puts all of the Trolls across the land in ...danger, Poppy, Branch, and their band of friends must embark on an epic quest to create harmony among the feuding Trolls to unite them against certain doom.Read more
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SamSam appears to have it all: his own flying saucer and great family and friends. But the one thing he has yet to attain are actual superpowers.
Hiccup and Toothless reunite to remind both their kinds of the inseparable bond between vikings and dragons.
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THE PERSONAL HISTORY OF DAVID COPPERFIELD re-imagines Charles Dickens classic ode to grit and perseverance through the comedic lens of its award-winning filmmakers giving the Dickensian tale new life for a cosmopolitan age with a diverse ensemble cast of stage and screen actors f...rom across the world. Emmy winners and Oscar nominees Armando Iannucci and Simon Blackwell lend their wry, yet heart-filled storytelling style to revisiting Dickens iconic hero on his quirky journey from impoverished orphan to burgeoning writer in Victorian England.Read more
Twelve-year-old whizz-kid Oliver is a tech prodigy who accidentally creates a telepathic connection with his furry best friend Henry, when a school science experiment goes awry. The new bond brings Oliver and Henry even closer together, and they join forces to solve problems at s...chool and at home (healing a rift between his parents played by Transformers stars Josh Duhamel & Megan Fox) with hilarious consequences. But when a cyber-businessman (Kunal Nayyar from Big Bang Theory) arrives on the scene and will stop at nothing to get hold of the breakthrough technology, Oliver and Henry are going to need help to save the day. With fast-paced comedy, adventure and a parade of paw-some pups, Think Like a Dog is the perfect movie treat for the whole family.Read more
There once was a girl who loved dance. Shed dance from Australia to France. She always wore bows, Even on her little toes, And they rang every time she pranced. Her name is Emma, you see. She shares her dancing with glee! From tap to ballet, Join in and jt, In this spectacular DV...D!Read more
Set in the same 1850's London society that gave rise to Jack the Ripper, this British detective drama features a fearless, independent heroine played by Kate Phillips (Peaky Blinders). With her inquisitive mind, Miss Scarlet has always been more interested in running her late fat...her's detective agency than behaving like a proper lady. But nothing has prepared her for the dangers she is about to face as a woman in the murder investigation trade.Read more
Alien Addiction follows Riko (Jimi Jackson) who lives in a small town in the middle of nowhere (Waikato, New Zealand). Life was pretty normal until two aliens crash landed near Riko's house. He welcomes the aliens and together they develop an intergalactic relationship of epic pr...oportions. Alientologist Peter Mackintosh(Thomas Sainsbury) has tracked the aliens and Riko, and plans to capture them and reveal them to the world.Read more
The Queen has invited The Fat Controller to London to receive an award and Thomas is selected to take him there! But Thomas has never been to London before and, with no knowledge of how to get there, their journey is soon filled with confusion and delay. During the journey, Thoma...s befriends a very important looking engine, who has broken down just outside of London. Despite being pressed for time, Thomas helps her to the station. But little does he know just how important she is.Read more
The Secret: Dare to Dream centers around Miranda Wells (Katie Holmes), a hard-working young widow struggling to raise three children on her own. A powerful storm brings a devastating challenge and a mysterious man, Bray Johnson (Josh Lucas), into her life. In just a few short day...s, Brays presence re-ignites the familys spirit, but he carries a secretand that secret could change everything.Read more
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Just 10 minutes' drive from the old city and two miles from Sibiu International Airport, Hilton Sibiu offers easy access to the cultural sites of Sibiu. From a relaxing spa to local and French cuisine, you'll find all you need for a relaxing getaway. Planning a meeting? The hotel also has event space for up to 400 guests. And, you'll feel right at home in your comfortable guest room or suite with a balcony overlooking the Dumbrava Forest.
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Blue Ivy Carter, the daughter of hip-hop power couple Beyoncé and Jay-Z, just might be the most spoiled baby in the world.
For her first birthday, the little diva received a custom-made diamond-encrusted Barbie, reports the British Sun.
The sparkling doll adorned in 160 gems and white gold reportedly cost $80,000—which is chump change for the hip-hop power couple who are the world's highest paid celeb couple. Last year, they brought in $78 million.
Blue received her gift at a lavish party with $95,000 worth of pink and white roses and a $2,000 cake. The party favors—which included toys, princess outfits, personalized engraved gold pens, playhouses and jewelry—cost $30,000.
Think an $80,000 Barbie doll is obnoxious fabulous? Check out these other baby products with outrageous price tags.


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As the Western establishment bangs the war drums over a chemical weapons attack the Obama administration implausibly claims was perpetrated by Syrian dictator Bashar al-Assad, recently declassified CIA documents reveal that the U.S. federal government was helping Iraqi tyrant Saddam Hussein (shown prior to 2003 Iraq War) even though it knew he was engaged in some of the worst chemical attacks in world history. The latest revelations, first uncovered by Foreign Policy, illustrate what some analysts call the hypocrisy and apparent insanity of U.S. foreign policy.
Of course, like Assad, Hussein was once considered a strong U.S. government ally before suddenly becoming an enemy of the U.S. establishment and, therefore, a target for "regime change." In the late 1980's, in fact, American intelligence operatives were secretly helping the Iraqi dictator fight his barbaric wars against Iran and his own people — even giving the regime in Baghdad information that they knew would be used to more effectively employ deadly chemical weapons attacks.
Declassified government documents and interviews with former U.S. intelligence officials cited in news reports show conclusively that the U.S. government knew about the chemical attacks for years, including the use of mustard gas on Iraqi and Iranian civilians. "They show that senior U.S. officials were being regularly informed about the scale of the nerve gas attacks," reported Shane Harris and Matthew Aid for Foreign Policy. "They are tantamount to an official American admission of complicity in some of the most gruesome chemical weapons attacks ever launched."
Incredibly, the declassified documents expose top American officials — in their zeal to ensure victory for the ruthless Iraqi dictator in his war against Iran — apparently more concerned about getting caught than the gruesome killings being perpetrated with chemical weapons and U.S. assistance. The documents warned, for example, that Iranian authorities might be able to gather evidence to present to the United Nations linking the U.S. government to the apparent violations of international laws on war in the Geneva Protocol.
Because the Soviet Union had previously deployed chemical weapons without serious repercussions, however, U.S. officials sounded less concerned about getting caught than they might otherwise have been. "As Iraqi attacks continue and intensify the chances increase that Iranian forces will acquire a shell containing mustard agent with Iraqi markings," states one of the secret CIA reports. "Tehran would take such evidence to the U.N. and charge U.S. complicity in violating international law." The Iran-Contra scandal also later exposed the U.S. government's secret and unlawful arming of the Iranian regime, too.
With the U.S. government providing crucial intelligence to Hussein about Iranian efforts, however, the Iraqi regime was able to inflict massive damage on its regional enemy in Tehran. But again, the U.S. establishment knew the damage would extend far beyond just Iran's military forces. "If the Iraqis produce or acquire large new supplies of mustard agent, they almost certainly would use it against Iranian troops and towns near the border," the CIA said in one of the recently declassified documents, essentially admitting that the regime it was supporting was going to murder civilians with chemical weapons. Hussein also used chemical agents to murder innocent Kurds.
"By 1988, U.S. intelligence was flowing freely to Hussein's military," Foreign Policy reported, citing the declassified documents and interviews with former officials. "That March, Iraq launched a nerve gas attack on the Kurdish village of Halabja in northern Iraq. A month later, the Iraqis used aerial bombs and artillery shells filled with sarin against Iranian troop concentrations on the Fao Peninsula southeast of Basrah, helping the Iraqi forces win a major victory and recapture the entire peninsula."
Of course, official American support for the Iraqi tyrant went well beyond providing intelligence and global cover as he perpetrated mass-murder with chemical weapons. As The New American has documented extensively, the U.S. government played a crucial role in building up Hussein's military, too, at least before imposing sanctions blamed for killing 500,000 children and eventually overthrowing the regime. Among other support, American taxpayers were forced to subsidize "agricultural loans" to the dictatorship, which in turn used the money to buy military weaponry.
"The extent of [George H.W.] Bush administration aid to Baghdad is growing more evident with the passage of time, with one of the latest revelations being that even the Department of Defense and Joint Chiefs of Staff had gotten into the acts of appeasement," noted TNA's William Hoar in a 1992 article entitled "Making of a Monster: How the U.S. Helped Build Iraq's War Machine." "The Pentagon, for example, proposed a plan to train and exchange forces with Saddam's military, and even sought to protect the dictator's personal aircraft from missile attack…. Bush administration apologists have called their efforts a misguided attempt to moderate Saddam Hussein's behavior. In truth, they constructed a monster that was then used to justify the war for a new world order."
Beyond heavy backing for the Iraqi dictator and his chemical weapons usage, the U.S. government has a long and sordid history of supporting some of the most brutal tyrants on Earth — particularly in the Middle East. Meanwhile, despite claiming to be engaged in some sort of "global war" on "terrorism," numerous American administrations — and especially Obama — have been brazenly supporting self-styled terrorists, even, in some cases, groups officially identified as terrorist organizations by the U.S. State Department.
In Libya, for example, the U.S. government became close to tyrant Muammar Gadhafi under the guise of the terror war, with the Libyan despot helping American authorities hunt down enemies of the U.S. government. Like in Iraq, however, the tables turned and Gadhafi suddenly found himself on the "enemies" list. Previous U.S. opponents — al-Qaeda and various other jihadist outfits — were showered with weapons and money by the Obama administration, which also provided air support. As The New American documented extensively, much of the Libyan "opposition" was led by self-styled al-Qaeda operatives who had previously fought U.S. troops in Iraq.
More recently, in Syria, Assad suddenly found himself in a similar situation, going from "valued ally" in the U.S. terror war to vicious enemy almost seamlessly. While the Obama administration still claims to be fighting "al-Qaeda," it is now universally acknowledged that vast swaths of the Syrian opposition are led by self-proclaimed al-Qaeda groups. Even the most effective anti-Assad fighting force officially merged with al-Qaeda earlier this year.
Now, decades after helping Hussein employ chemical weapons, the U.S. government suddenly claims to be outraged that its own former terror-war ally in Syria allegedly deployed chemical weapons. So, to deal with the supposed deployment, the Obama administration is openly plotting direct military attacks on the Assad regime without even consulting Congress — helping self-styled al-Qaeda "rebels" take over the country, and probably laying the groundwork for more wars and the extermination of Christians and other minorities in the nation.
As the Obama administration lawlessly steps up the decades-old U.S.-government pattern of variously backing dictators and terrorists before going to war against them, analysts predict that the situation in the Middle East will continue to deteriorate while the federal government runs up trillions more in debt. The death toll will keep rising, too, with innocent civilians paying the steepest price. Perhaps even more shocking to Americans: U.S. foreign policy is contributing to the literal extermination of ancient Christian communities throughout the region, as The New American documented extensively. Unless Congress steps in to restrain Obama, experts say the already chaotic and bloody state of affairs could be about to literally explode.
Photos of Saddam Hussein prior to 2003 Iraq War: AP Images
Related articles:
Making of a Monster: How the U.S. Helped Build Iraq's War Machine
Christian Massacres: A Result of U.S. Foreign Policy
Impeachment Support Soars as Voters Say Feds "Out of Control"
Doubts Grow About Perpetrators Behind Chemical Attack in Syria


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New 'seal-cam' streams from Children's Pool
A new "seal-cam" was unveiled Thursday at Children's Pool beach in La Jolla, sending out online video of frolicking seals that officials praised as a San Diego treasure but prompting privacy concerns from beach access advocates.
"We're pleased to help fulfill Mayor Filner's wish to share with the whole world one of San Diego's proud natural heritages," said Larry Wan, founder of the Western Alliance for Nature, which installed the camera for use in wildlife education and science.
The high-tech camera, donated at a cost of $40,000, provides around-the-clock monitoring of the pool and its inhabitants. It's equipped with windshield wipers for bad weather seal-watching, and infrared capability to capture mother seals birthing pups at night.
That footage will help researchers with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration study harbor seal reproduction, Wan said.
Beach access advocates said, however, that they fear the camera will be employed to snoop on beachgoers who cross a literal line-in-the-sand: a 150-foot rope that delineates public areas from seal turf.
"There is no control about how that's used," said Ken Hunrichs, president of Friends of the Children's Pool, who said the camera raises privacy concerns and could draw masses of unexpected visitors to what he called "SeaWorld La Jolla."
A cadre of volunteers will take shifts to operate the camera remotely, Wan said. Although most are in San Diego or other parts of Southern California, one volunteer in Australia will cover night shifts that fall during daylight hours in her part of the world.
City officials said the camera is designed to foster appreciation of marine mammals, not for enforcement of beach restrictions.
"To be able to live in this way, with respect for nature, makes us better human beings," Mayor Bob Filner said.
Children's Pool beach was built in 1931 as a place for kids to swim in a calm inlet. Over the last decade the beach has become a refuge for harbor seals, and the site of clashes between activists who want the beach to be off limits, and others who thinks people and wildlife should share the space.
Last year the city split that territory, leaving part of the sand to beachgoers while ceding the tidal zone to seals.
As officials announced the deployment of the "seal-cam," Thursday, families waded in the surf below, beside signs that read "beach open for swimming and diving." Lifeguards occasionally blared warnings to stay away from the wildlife.
Calling the beach an "ecological miracle," Filner vowed to take stricter action to keep its restrictions in place, and to celebrate its natural attractions with the world
"We're going to enforce this a lot better," he said. "We can't allow these people to destroy this international opportunity."
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Tenzo is a privately-owned company situated in the Smålandsstenar region of Sweden. We develop, produce and trade furniture to retailers on a broad international market. 95% of our production is exported to several large shops all over Europe, particularly France, Germany, Switzerland, Benelux and Scandinavia.
P.O Box 93
Stålgatan 4
333 33 Smålandsstenar, SWEDEN
Tel: +46 (0)371-34 750


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Here it is, the first sexy trailer for David S. Goyer's Starz series Da Vinci's Demons is out. And holy Vitruvian Man — Tom Riley, who plays the young and virile Leo, is hot, hot, hot. Why make Da Vinci a sexy weapon of mass destruction (that's a joke, because he used to make actual weapons)? Because sexy everything is better. Hey Starz please make Sexy Richard Nixon: The Series next.
But all joking aside, Da Vinci is a pretty interesting character, he did have a wacky life of inventing crazy killing machines and painting beautiful things. Here's the official synopsis for the TV show:
Starring Tom Riley ("Monroe," I Want Candy), as the title character, "Da Vinci's Demons" is a historical fantasy, following the 'untold' story of the world's greatest genius during his turbulent youth in Renaissance Florence. Brilliant and passionate, the twenty-five year old Leonardo Da Vinci is an artist, inventor, swordsman, lover, dreamer and idealist. As a free thinker, with intellect and talents that are almost superhuman, he struggles to live within the confines of his own reality and time. He begins to not only see the future, but invent it.
Davinci's Demons will air its first episode on Starz sometime in 2013.


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Nonprofit organizations are major employers and contribute significantly to economic growth in countries throughout the world, a new study by the Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies reveals.
The study drew on data generated by statistical offices in 16 countries: Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, the Czech Republic, France, Israel, Japan, Kyrgyzstan, Mexico, Mozambique, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Thailand and the U.S.
The nonprofit workforce, comprising both paid and volunteer workers, made up 7.4% of the total workforce on average in the 13 countries on which full data were available. This placed it ahead of major industries, such as transportation and finance.
In six of the 16 countries for which data were available, nonprofits employed a tenth or more of the total workforce, making them one of the largest employers of any industry in these countries.
The nonprofit sector is not only a major economic presence in countries throughout the world, but is also a growing one, the report found.
From the late 1990s to the mid-2000s, nonprofits contributed to GDP growth at an average rate of 5.8% per year in the eight countries for which longitudinal data were available. This compared with 5.2% for the economies as a whole in these countries.
Among the eight countries, nonprofits declined only in the Czech Republic. Absent this outlier, the average annual growth of the nonprofit sector would have been 7.3% versus 5.2% for the full economies of these countries, and would have been even faster in Thailand, Norway and Australia.
The nonprofit sector accounts for an average of 4.5% of the GDP in the covered countries, roughly equivalent to GDP contribution of their construction industries.
In the fields in which nonprofit institutions operate, their GDP contribution is even larger than this. Take Portugal, where nonprofits account for 94% of the value added by membership organizations and 76% of the value added in the social assistance field.
In Mexico, where nonprofits contribute just 2% to overall GDP, they account for 21% of all value added in the field of education, 12% in arts, entertainment and recreation, and nearly 5% in health and social assistance.
The study found that nonprofits, on average, receive far less of their revenue from philanthropy than was commonly supposed:
- 43% of the revenue comes from fees for their services
- 32% is from government sources
- 23% comes from philanthropic giving—"and even this is likely an overestimate given limitations of the data sources," the report said.


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Categories: Real Estate, Land Use, and Community Law
Instructor(s) Monette, Richard
Water Rights Law (Water Law and Policy):
Water is the planet's "blue gold." In this course, students will understand the laws and policies that have shaped how this valuable resource is shared among competing users, and explore how the law needs to evolve to meet emerging demands. Students learn about the Clean Water Act, riparian and appropriation doctrines, the public trust doctrine, the intersection of water quality and quantity as well as surface and groundwater. We also examine water institutions, transboundary allocation schemes, and federalism. Throughout, we tie the law back to contemporary dilemmas, and the role of science and economics in shaping water law and policy.


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If only I had £8 million sitting around.
£8 million for just 3,700 square ft. Sick.
So Tom Ford has put his London home on the market. Considering the f-ckery that's been flying around all day, this might be my only chance at Fried Rice:
A glimpse inside his lair.
Chrome walls. His own book on the coffee table. Ikea-ish cupboards in the kitchen and bathroom? The staircase reminds me of 70s disco.
Click here to see many more photos.
As for what TF is up to…
His directorial debut A Single Man will screen at both the Venice Film Festival and at TIFF. He'll be at TIFF. Hopefully he'll come to TIFF extra, extra judgy.
Thanks C!
File photo from Wenn.com
Live like Tom Ford
If only I had £8 million sitting around.


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Finally! Something for the kiddos! Mosey Handmade will be joining our vendors at The Big Chill with the upcycled clothes, felted hats, and Waldorf-inspired playthings that are the creations of Jes Anthonis, lady behind the magic. Sometimes pictures speak more for these great items than my rambling can. I'm feeling a little speechless at all this kiddie goodness, so let's have a picture show:
These funny little snails are so sweet, and a really creative use of extra sweater bits!
The bright colors and tactility of these natural counting mushrooms will make it fun for any little guy or lady to learn how to count!
We're so excited that Jes will be joining us with the goods from Mosey Handmade, and she'll be sharing a table with Elizabeth Miller of timblebee! Mm! 2 for 1! Click on the pictures to get links to the listings shown above so you can start picking out some supreme Santa gifts for little ones now!
You can see the sweet, colorful goods from Mosey Handmade in person at The Big Chill arts, crafts and vintage sale on Saturday, December 3rd, 2011 at The Mayo Street Arts Center at 10 Mayo St. in Portland, Maine. The sale will run from 10am to 4pm and features 30+ incredible local vendors!


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Made In America
SolarWorld 300 Mono Solar Panel Review
Tested For Heavy Loads
With a maximum load capacity of up to 8500 Pa (178 psf), SolarWorld Sunmodules are designed to withstand heavy accumulations of snow and ice.
Plus Sorting Certified
Plus‑Sorting guarantees highest system efficiency. SolarWorld only delivers modules that have greater than or equal to the nameplate rated power. The positive power tolerance guarantees utmost system efficiency. Only modules achieving or exceeding the designated nominal power in performance tests are dispatched. The power tolerance ranges between -0 Wp and +5 Wp.
High Quality Textured Glass
Optimized surface structure: The proprietary surface coatings and granular texture of the Sunmodule's front glass create two effects: the reduction of the light reflected from the outside (air-glass interface) and the internal trapping of the light reflected from the solar cells in the module (light-trapping). These two effects combine to make an extremely efficient and high performance PV module.
1000 VDC Validation Tested
The certification to international standards provides additional assurance that the SolarWorld 300 solar panel is suitable for use in systems with greater than 600 Vdc string voltage.
PID Free
Potential induced degradation (PID) is a phenomenon where the power output of a solar module is reduced when exposed to high negative voltage bias between the cells and ground. PID can potentially affect the performance of individual modules as well as the overall power output and efficiency of an entire solar power generating system. SolarWorld Sunmodules have been certified as PID free by 3rd party laboratories.
TÜV Power Controlled
The TÜV Rheinland "Power Controlled" inspection mark guarantees that an independent test provider certifies that the power ratings specified for our solar panels are maintained and regularly monitored. The performance of our solar panels exhibits a mere 2 percent measuring tolerance. No other manufacturer can claim such precise performance.
Solarworld Sunmodule Plus SW 300 Mono (5-busbar) Solar Panel Certifications
Made In America
As the largest U.S. solar manufacturer for more than 35 years, SolarWorld is uniquely recognized as America's solar leader. They meticulously carry out the most important steps in the solar production process on U.S. soil—from sourcing and manufacturing to assembling and hiring.
They source only the highest-quality components and materials from reputable and proven American suppliers.
SolarWorld. Made in America, by Americans, for Americans.
Complete residential SolarWorld solar panel systems available at low wholesale prices.
Contact us toll-free: (877) 297-0014 - All solar systems can be custom designed.
Contractor Discounts Available
Contact us for low wholesale discount price, solar panel systems or reviews for the SolarWorld SW 300 Mono 5BB Solar Panel.


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Frutiger Stones™ font family
Designed by Adrian Frutiger in 1998
However, even his independent work can be understood as objectivized signs; in their symbolism, they are embedded in the fundamental questions of human existance. They might have developed in the spirit of playfulness, but their nature is always conceptual, directed towards a complex, yet harmonic, whole. Following function, form also necessarily follows the content of the language.
The entire spiritual world becomes readable through letters. Essentially, Adrian Frutiger attempts to fathom the basic, central truth which defines our lives: change, growth, division - beginning and end. In a virtual synthesis, he seems to close the circle in which the world reflects itself in symbolic forms.
Frutiger Stones is for Adrian Frutiger the example of his formal artistic sensibility par excellence. Searching for the fundamental elements in nature, he has discovered the pebble, rounded and polished over innumerable years by gently flowing water.
And out of this, he has created his complete system, a ruralistic typeface of letters and symbols. It depicts animals and plants, as well as astrological and mythical signs. Because of its unique aura, Frutiger Stones is particularly well-suited to different purposes - in headlines and prominent pictograms, as symbol faces, illustrations, and more.
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VMware can help you onboard, manage, monitor and secure all your IoT things throughout their lifecycle to help create next gen customer experience, improve compliance, reduce security risks and improve employee productivity in Retail Banks.
Take Control of IoT
Improve customer loyalty and satisfaction by providing a more personalized and convenient consumer experience.
Reduce risk and increase compliance through improved data protection and reduced threat surface.
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Please Note:
There is no fee to get access, but access is restricted to current dues paying Members of the Gerstner Owners Club.
Please use the "Contact US" Link at the bottom of the page to request access to the Owners Club Forum. Select "Other" in the subject field, and include your member name in the body of the message.
We will review your request, and if dues are current, we will grant access to the forum.
Thank you,
Scott Campbell
H. Gerstner & Sons


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Saturday, September 30, 2017
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Ravelry alias paletpc
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Custom made crochet hook with my INDY on it handpainted by Craft Designs For You.
Craft Designs For You is the maker of the official Crochet Guild of America's Commemorative Hooks. http://www.craftdesigns4you.com


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#OccupyDC Prepares to Defend Home
Posted 8 years ago on Jan. 30, 2012, 11:42 a.m. EST by OccupyWallSt
In the wake of a recent Congressional hearing on Occupy DC, misleading threats from Mayor Vince Gray about nonexistent "health" concerns in the park, and yesterday's taser attack that hospitalized a resident of the park, the National Park Service has given Occupiers in McPherson Square and Freedom Plaza until 12:00 noon today until they will begin enforcing a no-camping ban. Occupy DC has begun preparing nonviolent resistance and is calling for all supporters to join them.
Tents and other belongings have been piled in the center of the camp so that police cannot pick off individuals, while others are planning civil disobedience in defense of their home and our collective right to protest economic inequality! Watch Twitter feeds for #OccupyDC, #McPhersonSQ, #defend99, #J30, @Occupy_DC, and @OccupyDCAction. If you can't make it to McPherson, you can phone blast the Park Police at 202-610-7500. As @OccupyKSt tweeted:
One more time: we refuse to accept a world where you have to pay somebody just to take up space. We have no homes. Let us keep our park.
Live Updates:
- 10:00am, Tuesday Jan 31: The Tent of Dreams still stands. No arrests. Occupiers spent the night resting and playing games. There is a 10AM hearing for Occupy DC's injunction against NPS at 333 Constitution Ave NW. Lawyer invites Occupiers to come support.
- 6:20: - Sustainability Committee reports they have just planted a tree ("the occutree") in the park!
- 6:10: - General Assembly underway at the Tent of Dreams.
- 4:10: - Nearly 20,000 have signed petition to keep out NPS police at saveoccupydc.org. A group of Occupiers issued a citizen's arrest of a Fox News van that was illegally parked blocking a fire hydrant, asking police to evict them instead of peaceful protesters.
- 4:00: The Occupier tazed last night for removing eviction notices has been released from jail, given order not to go to McPherson.
- 3:30: Tensions still high at McPherson. Meanwhile, Freedom Plaza has apparently decided to comply with Park Service -- all tent flaps there are open, small crowd.
- 2:30: 1000s now assembled. Most corporate media have left, police still around park entrances but not acting. If they raid, most expect eviction to happen after downtown crowds leave. Some Occupiers are blatantly defying ban on sleeping by taking a nap inside a clear tent made by local artists.
- 1:40: After addressing media, cops circle around Tent of Dreams, leave.
- 1:30: Park Police commanding officer Schlosser giving press statement now, as protesters mic check him. Officer says "enforcement will be ongoing, no deadline for police action." Says police will be back "when all of this is over." Protesters respond: "You work for us, you work for the people! We'll call you when we need you!" and "Evict corruption, not people protesting it!"
- 1:00: Hour past deadline. From Twitter: 4 Park Police came by, saw crowd and left.
- 12:40: Occupiers mic-checking the Declaration of the Occupation and someone arrived with a sound system for a dance-party! No major police presence.
- 12:30: We've heard mic checks from students dreaming of a world without debt-forced servitude, veterans hoping for a day when service members aren't left behind by service cuts, and more.
- 12:15: Occupiers have finished creating their tallest tent to date -- a 30 foot "Tent of Dreams" around the statue at the center of McPherson Square, referring to their slogan of "Let Us Sleep So We Can Dream."
- 12:10: Reports of federal Protective Services and police sirens approaching. The park is swamped with media and reporters.
- 11:50: Labor, including a nurses' union, has shown up to support!


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The King's Hall, old abbey walls, exhibition depot and Carolingian open-air laboratory: Lorsch Abbey has a unique way of bringing history to life and making it easy to understand. The UNESCO World Heritage Site, which is also mentioned in the Song of the Nibelungs, is an interactive museum dedicated to the Middle Ages.
It got off to a humble start: founded by aristocrats in around 764, the abbey saw economic growth only after the relics of Saint Nazarius were moved here from Rome. Gifts to St. Nazarius received from the North Sea to present-day Switzerland then added wealth to the abbey. Lorsch was a major cultural and political centre until the High Middle Ages.
The abbey has had a chequered past, which can be seen throughout the complex. For example in the Lauresham open-air laboratory, where life in a Carolingian village is depicted. Or in the exhibition depot, where visitors can see finds from 200 years of excavation history. As well as in the original abbey walls or within the complex, where the landscape architecture of the old and new abbey have been skilfully combined. In the King's Hall with its world-renowned colourful sandstone façades, where visitors can marvel at wall paintings dating back several centuries on the upper floor. Or in the herb garden, which is arranged according to the "Lorsch Pharmacopoeia", the oldest known German medical and pharmaceutical manual. The famous eighth century book has been kept in Bamberg State Library for more than 1,000 years now. The herbs, once praised for their healing powers, still thrive in Lorsch Abbey's herb garden to this day.
Opening hours: Tuesday to Sunday, 10am to 5pm (also open on Mondays during bank holidays)
Entry: free to enter the grounds, but some services incur a charge and certain areas are accessible only on a tour
Nearest train station: Mannheim
Tālummaiņa jūsu pārlūkā ar divām ērtām taustiņu kombinācijām:
Tuvināt: +
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Lai saņemtu atbalstu no pārlūka izstrādātāja, noklikšķiniet uz ikonas:


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Aesthetic appeal with a longer service life
An IWC is not only a precision instrument for showing the time but also the ideal piece of jewelry to adorn the wrist of a man of the world. Find out more.
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Since 1955, the striking design of the Ingenieur has combined rugged sportiness with an undeniably technical appeal, and continues to do so to this day.
Design Highlights
The design of the Ingenieur Automatic is a homage to the technical ingenuity of the 1950s, when engineers were the heroes of the technological age. The first Ingenieur combined the simple dial design with striking hands and the most advanced winding mechanism of the time to create a modern watch.
Design Highlights
The Ingenieur collection is inspired by IWC's passion for engineering. Materials typically used in motorsport, such as ceramic and titanium characterize the design of these watches and highlight their technical yet sporty character.
Design Highlights
The satin-finished and polished stainless-steel bracelet has been designed especially for the new Ingenieur collection, and is extremely comfortable to wear. Thanks to the innovative clasp featuring a fine adjustment system, the length of the strap can be adjusted at the touch of a button, using only one hand.
With the 'Ingenieur', the engineers at IWC were determined to build not only a watch that was highly precise but also one that was very protected. The heart of the Ingenieur, with its highly functional design, is its extreme robustness which includes the reliable screening from magnetic fields, shock protection and its ability to be watertight.
During 1967, the new Reference 866 was launched. This was the second generation of the watchmaking icon from Schaffhausen. It mostly retained the basic concept of a rugged, water-resistant and absolutely antimagnetic watch in a round case, but it had a fresher, sportier and more contemporary touch with different dials and hands.
In 1976, the appearance of the Ingenieur changed significantly. The designer Gerald Genta gave it a completely new look and designed the Ingenieur SL in a sporty steel case. Today, it is still one of the greatest design innovations by IWC.
Starting in 1982 the pocket watch - Ingenieur SL (Ref. 5215) combined the classical pocket watch IWC calibre 9520 with typical features of the Ingenieur. Due to its soft iron inner case and soft iron dial, the watch was antimagnetic up to 40,000 A/m. The pocket watch was also water resistant to 3 atm. Very few of these collectible timepieces were made.
The Ingenieur 500,000 A/m was engineered to withstand any magnetic field. The balance spring was made of a niobium-zirconium alloy, which is extremely difficult to work with. The watch was tested several times in magnetic resonance scanners and withstood an incredible 3.7 million A/m. Back then, the watch set a new world record for antimagnetic watches.
In 2005, the successful relaunch of the Ingenieur in the shape of the Reference 3227 brought the Ingenieur legend back to a new and dynamic life. To honor the partnership with Mercedes-AMG, IWC launched this special piece.
The 2013 Ingenieur watch collection had been completely overhauled and came with high complicated watch making. One extraordinary highlight was the Ingenieur Constant-Force Tourbillon (Ref. 5900) in its platinum and ceramic case. Its patented constant-force mechanism is integrated in the tourbillon and guarantees an extremely precise rate.
In 2017, IWC returned to the iconic round design of the first generation of Ingenieur watches from the 1950s and 1960s. The flagship of the new collection featured a digital perpetual calendar, a chronograph function and a 45-millimetre case made from 18-carat 5N gold.
Aesthetic appeal with a longer service life
An IWC is not only a precision instrument for showing the time but also the ideal piece of jewelry to adorn the wrist of a man of the world. Find out more.
Craftsmanship that keeps watches running for generations
Whether they're diving, climbing or travelling the world on business, IWC owners can be sure of one thing: they have a watch that will last them a lifetime.


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H2Ohio Reminder
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Using Soil Tests Phosphorus Results to Identify Agronomic and Conservation Needs
an essential tool for sound agronomic nutrient management decisions. That same agronomic test result ... https://go.osu.edu/fert-recs Phosphorus Nutrient Management for Yield and Reduced P Loss at Edge of Field AGF-509 ... Nutrient Management ...
Improved tool can help Midwest farmers with cover crop decisions
University Agriculture News. WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind. — Cover crops have been shown to improve water and soil ... quality, reduce erosion and capture nutrients. Choosing the right cover crop, however, can be difficult. ... manager for the MCCC and a staff member in Purdue's Department of Agronomy. "We've been able to give users ...
Farm Office Live Scheduled for October 7, 2020
summary, Ohio's COVID-19 immunity legislation, and other current issues in farm management. Join our ... management news. The next session will be held on October 7, 2020 8:00- 9:30 a.m. Farm Office Live will be ... register or view past webinars and PowerPoint slides. Farm Management ...
Surface Application of Manure to Newly Planted Wheat Fields
germination and emergence. The manure nutrients could easily replace the commercial fertilizer normally ... growing crop can reduce nutrient losses compared to fall-applied manure without a growing crop. Both swine ... seeds were properly covered with soil when planted to keep a barrier between the salt and nitrogen in ...
Farm Office Live
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EPN Webinar- October 13, 2020 Conversations on the Politics and Science of Climate Change in the Buckeye State
Climate Research Center About our Panelists Troy Tofil, biology major, university senator and deputy ... Commission, COSI, the Metro School, Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, Water Management Association of ... Hayhoe as she untangles the science behind how our beliefs shape our identity and highlights the key role ...
A week of climate change conversations with Dr. Hayhoe in the Buckeye State
Planning Commission, COSI, the Metro School, Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, Water Management ... delighted to be a part of it and we strongly encourage all to attend our October 13 event and the associated ... Engagement for resources to support our hosting of Dr. Hayhoe. Numerous Ohio State organizations, including ...
Career Discovery with Purina Animal Nutrition
Innovation Manager. The Purina R&D team conducts research investigating the role of nutrition on various ... areas of animal physiology. Our team works to develop new feeds and additives to optimize the ... performance of animals through nutrition through rigorous research trials. Technical Services. Hosted by Dr. ...


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Kastelorizo to Piraeus Ferry
New Email
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Coronavirus ferry travel advice
Please note that the information provided is correct to the best of our knowledge at the time we have received the same information from the Ferry Operators. The situation is changing rapidly and we will try to keep the website updated as soon as we receive updates from the ferry companies.
Kastelorizo to Piraeus ferries. Compare ferries, times and prices
Book a Kastelorizo to Piraeus ferry today with AFerry. Just use the form above and choose the route that you want. If nothing appears automatically, start typing Kastelorizo. You can also type the country or even the name of the ferry company you are interested in. When you have the route that you want, choose single or return and all the other options you want.
How we compare ferries, prices and times for Kastelorizo to Piraeus
If there is more than one ferry company operating on the Kastelorizo Piraeus route we will show you all the ferry companies, to make sure you get our best price. We'll also show you any routes similar to Kastelorizo to Piraeus so you have the complete picture when making your booking. And of course you'll also see a range of times just in case it's a bit cheaper earlier or later than your preferred booking time.
How you get your ticket and how you can make changes if you need to
Once you've chosen your perfect sailing and have made your booking we'll email you your booking confirmation for your Kastelorizo to Piraeus ferry. The majority of tickets have instant confirmation.
We will also email you details about how you can contact us using our messaging service, as well as details about how you can change your ticket. Most of the time you can do this by yourself. The vast majority of our customers give us a review of four or five stars showing that their very happy with our service and communication.
Below you can see the ferry company or companies that sail on the Kastelorizo to Piraeus route and the journey times. You might also see some recent prices our customers have found. The best way to find a cheap Kastelorizo to Piraeus ferry though is to use the form above today to see all of our possible choices.
Special Offers
Getting the best price for your Kastelorizo to Piraeus ferry
With AFerry we always give you our best prices for ferries from Kastelorizo to Piraeus. No matter which page you book from we always include all our special offers. And there is no need to look for a discount code. If we have an offer available, your ferry price will include the reduction or offer. There's no need to look at other websites.
If you're not sure if the Kastelorizo to Piraeus route is right for you or you can't decide between ferry companies, if there is more than one, you might also find it useful to read any reviews we have available. We ask all our customers to send us reviews for Kastelorizo to Piraeus ferries. Remember though, that the earlier you book, the cheaper prices normally are. So don't spend too long deciding! Kastelorizo to Piraeus is a popular route, so we advise you to book as soon as possible.
About Kastelorizo
The island is famous for its narrow beach front houses set over the calm glistening sea. The name Kastellorizo cames from the Italian 'Kastello Rosso' or red castle. The red castle is one of the island's most famous sights. The name was given to it by the Knights of Saint John due the red stone used in the castle's construction.
There are no beaches on Kastelorizo Island as such, only rocky inlets perfect for diving and snorkeling. There are however, plenty of wonderful beaches on some of the small islets nearby. You can go on excursions by hiring boats available from the harbour.
Some of the impressive sites in and around the island are the stunning Blue Caves, well preserved stone-hewed Lycean tomb and various small but interesting archaeological museums depicting local culture.
Kastelorizo on the whole offers an unforgettable Greek Island holiday experience with some good places to stay and eat along with the splendid views.
About Piraeus
Piraeus has been inhabited for over 4000 years and has seen history come and ago, including the incredible Ancient Greek Empire.
Book your ferry to the idyllic Greek islands from Athens' major port simply and securely with AFerry
Kastelorizo to Piraeus Popular Questions
Want to know more about your journey from Kastelorizo to Piraeus? We've compiled some of the most frequently asked questions by our customers to help you plan your journey.
How long does the ferry from Kastelorizo to Piraeus take?
The average journey time by ferry between Kastelorizo to Piraeus is 23 hrs 27 min. The journey time may vary, so use our booking engine on this page to search for a specific travel date.
How fast does the ferry from Kastelorizo to Piraeus travel?
The fastest journey time by ferry from Kastelorizo to Piraeus is 23 hrs 10 min, with Blue Star Ferries.
What time does the first ferry from Kastelorizo to Piraeus leave?
The first ferry from Kastelorizo to Piraeus leaves at 11:00 with Blue Star Ferries. Times may vary depending on the time of year.
What time does the last ferry from Kastelorizo to Piraeus leave?
The last ferry from Kastelorizo to Piraeus leaves at 14:00 with Blue Star Ferries. Times may vary depending on the time of year.
Which ferry companies operate between Kastelorizo to Piraeus?
Ferries travelling from Kastelorizo to Piraeus are operated by Blue Star Ferries.
Looking for more information?
If you're looking for the return journey, check out Piraeus to Kastelorizo.


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Want to give away gift cards to local restaurants to 30 of your closest friends -- for free?
The Web site Restaurant.com is running the Feed It Forward program this month, which lets you e-mail $10 gift certificates to your loved ones.
Joining the program lets you e-mail certificates to up to 30 people per day -- every day -- until Dec. 25 at midnight PST. You can also give via a Facebook application.
Most of the participating restaurants have a $20 minimum purchase.
The gift certificates expire in one year, except here in California and where prohibited by law.
But don't procrastinate -- you can only give "while quantities last." Feed It Forward will close down the buffet when $30 million worth of gift certificates have been given out.
So far, participants have given $5.85 million in gift cards.
Get More:
The Feed It Forward Web site
The Feed It Forward Facebook application
Meredith Land contributed to this report.


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What We Do
ETS's Sacramento office is home to program management and partnership for ETS's California K–12 programs and the California State University placement tests. Sacramento-based staff includes K–12 and higher education program directors and managers, psychometricians, IT, finance and government, and external relations. Our team consists of thought partners — providing service, assessment expertise and critical education research resources — for state agencies, teachers, administrators, education advocates and higher education institutions. The Sacramento office is also a hub for teacher and stakeholder focus groups, assessment content reviews, bias reviews and standard setting.
Contact Us
- Mail:
- 1600 K Street, Suite 4A
Sacramento, CA 95814 USA
View Maps and Directions
- Phone:
- 1-916-403-2402
- Fax:
- 1-916-403-2462